The UBC Socializing Together While Running InDEpendently (STRIDE) Pilot Trial: A Social Identity Informed Virtual Running Group Program
Phase: NA
Conditions: Well-being, Physical Activity, Identity, Social
Sponsor: University of British Columbia

 
 
 
 
Official Title: The UBC Socializing Together While Running InDEpendently (STRIDE) Pilot 
Trial: A Social Identity Informed Virtual Running Group Program 
 
Protocol ID: H20-03151 
 
NCT ID: Not yet assigned 
 
Last Protocol Update To the University of British Columbia Behavioural Research Ethics Board: 
March 31st, 2021  
 
Protocol Re-Submission Date to clinicaltrials.gov: February 24, 2022 

 
 
 
 
Rationale: The current COVID-19 context has resulted in a decrease of physical activity 
behaviour among Canadian adults (Rhodes et al., 2020). The transition to post secondary 
education is also associated with decreases in physical activity (Winpenny et al., 2020). With 
that said, there is a need to support university students’ physical activity behaviour, and provide 
safe opportunities for social interaction, as these are viable coping strategies during the current 
COVID-19 pandemic (Faulkner et al., 2020). In the proposed randomized controlled pilot trial, 
the purpose is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of social identity informed virtual 
running groups to support University of British Columbia (UBC) undergraduate students’ well-
being. Secondary outcomes include changes in UBC students’ exercise identity, perceived social 
support, exercise behaviour, and well-being. Should the results suggest the intervention is 
feasible and acceptable, it can inform the development of a larger scale efficacy trial. The pilot 
intervention can also inform ideal ways to support university students’ exercise behaviour and 
well-being during the pandemic. 
 
Group-mediated interventions (i.e., intervention content is delivered in a social group setting) are 
a promising approach for promoting health behaviours such as exercise (Beauchamp & Rhodes, 
2020). Based on social identity theorising and research, belonging to meaningful groups that 
with which one positively identifies can support well-being and health (Haslam et al., 2009). 
Positive group identification refers to individuals integrating a particular group membership 
(e.g., exercise group) as an important part of their identity, and positively identifying with 
members, values, and norms of that group. Meta-analytic evidence suggests group-mediated 
interventions that support individuals’ positive identification with the group are effective in 
promoting a range of positive health outcomes including psychological health and well-being 
(Steffens et al., 2019). Therefore, a group-mediated exercise intervention that focuses on 
harnessing the participants’ social identities could support university students’ exercise 
behaviour and well-being. 
 
Due to the pandemic, there have been various physical distancing protocols set in place such as 
the moving university classes to on-line platforms. Therefore, there has been diminished 
opportunities for university students to socially connect with one another. Physical distancing 
protocols have also put restrictions on recreational centers and programs that provide students 
opportunities to engage in exercise and socially connect with one another. Therefore, the use of 
‘virtual running groups’ is one way to provide individuals, such as university students, with 
necessary physical activity and social connectivity during the pandemic. Walking and running 
are two of the most common forms of physical activity participated in by those living in North 
America (e.g., Canada, United States) (Hulteen et al., 2017), and is an activity that can be done 
in one’s own residential area whilst following Covid-19 physical distancing protocols. 
 
Aims: Given the proposed study is a pilot trial, the main purpose is to assess whether the 
intervention is feasible, and determine participants’ acceptance of the program. Various markers 
of program feasibility and acceptability will be assessed, such as (a) university students’ interest 
in the program, and feasibility of recruitment, (b) participant satisfaction with virtual running 
groups, (c) affective attitudes towards exercising, (d) participant adherence to the program and 
control condition, (e) participation rates of group activities, (f) completion rates of assessments, 
and (g) participants’ perception of whether a virtual running group provided adequate social 
connection. 

 
 
 
 
 
Although formal hypothesis testing of efficacy is ill-advised in pilot studies given their lack of 
power (Eldridge et al., 2016), we will examine secondary outcomes that have theoretical and 
practical importance for exploratory purposes, and calculate statistical information such as effect 
sizes and measurement variance for informing power analyses when planning future efficacy 
trials. The secondary outcomes include changes in perception of social support in the context of 
exercise, global well-being (i.e., flourishing), exercise related well-being (i.e., subjective 
vitality), exercise identity, and exercise behaviour. Participants' ratings of social identification 
with their running group will also be assessed at the end of the program (Week 8). 
 
Research Design: The study will utilize a two-arm, parallel group, unblinded randomized 
controlled pilot trial design. UBC undergraduate students (N = 60) will be equally randomized to 
either an eight-week social identity building virtual running group (n = 30) or an eight-week 
control group (n = 30). The group component of the intervention will be delivered via Zoom to 
support social connection among running group members and the fitness/social media app Strava 
so participants can post their runs and walks for members of their running group to view and 
provide words of encouragement. The virtual component is utilized to adhere to physical 
distancing protocols associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic. The attention control 
group will receive information regarding physical activity guidelines, be encouraged to meet the 
Canadian physical activity guidelines, and be asked to record their runs and walks on Strava. The 
use of an attention control condition will enable us to control for any potential effect of tracking 
exercise on outcomes such as well-being, exercise identity, and exercise behaviour. 
 
Study Population: The target population are UBC undergraduate students (18+ years and 
enrolled in part time or full time studies) that have been underactive (i.e., not meeting the 
Canadian guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week) in the past 
month. Participants must be able to speak and read English, be living in Canada, and not 
experience any health contraindication that might prevent that person from participating in 
moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise. Participants must own a smartphone so they can record 
their runs and walks on Strava, and have access to the internet and own a device that has camera 
functionality (e.g., computer) for attending the virtual coffee chats hosted on Zoom. 
 
Recruitment: Sixty UBC undergraduate students will be recruited using online tools such as 
social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram), announcements in UBC online 
undergraduate classes, and different UBC outlets (e.g., UBC Wellbeing, UBC Recreation, The 
Ubyssey) will be asked to advertise the study on their media outlets (e.g., newsletters, social 
media). Students interested in participating will be asked to contact the student investigator 
directly via email (colin.wierts@ubc.ca). Once individuals express interest, the student 
investigator (Colin Wierts) will provide potential study participants with the study information 
letter so that they can see what the study entails, and schedule the best time to conduct the 
screening interview. At that time, eligibility will be assessed and confirmed. The student 
investigator will reaffirm the information about the study (provided in the information letter). 
 
Upon agreement, the student investigator will obtain consent from participants (via Qualtrics) 
and direct participants to complete the baseline questionnaire (again, via Qualtrics). Once 
completed, the student investigator will contact the participant to inform them which intervention 

 
 
 
 
group they are in by phone and email. Participants in the intervention condition will be directed 
to the UBC Canvas portfolio and asked to attend the first meet-and-greet meeting facilitated by 
the student investigator. During the meet-and-greet, participants will be (a) introduced to the 
Canvas materials that facilitate their participation in the running group, (b) provided instruction 
for Strava use, (c) provided information about the group goal, (d) provided explanation of the 
weekly structure of the program, (e) provided running and exercise considerations (hydration, 
nutrition, warm-up, safety, footwear and clothing, running pacing), as well as instructed to 
inform their physician if they experience negative symptoms when exercising (e.g., difficulty 
breathing) (f) asked to introduce themselves to their running group and brainstorm a team name. 
The Canvas website will include (a) information about the study (e.g., group goal explanation, 
Strava instructions), (b) a weekly video providing tips on running (from YouTube), (c) a 
videoconferencing link for the weekly coffee chats, and (d) discussion questions for the weekly 
coffee chat. The student investigator will coordinate the completion of the baseline and post-
intervention surveys, as well as weekly exercise logs. 
 
We will use a rolling recruitment strategy. As soon as the first 12 participants are recruited, they 
will be randomized to the virtual running group program or the control group, and begin 
participation (i.e., cohort 1). If more than 12 participants are recruited (e.g., 24 participants), then 
2 cohorts will be created and will begin participating at the same time. Therefore, multiple 
cohorts will likely begin participation in the study at different time points. We will aim for five 
cohorts in total (N = 60).  
 
Randomization: Once participants complete the baseline questionnaire, they will be randomized 
to the intervention group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30) using a random number 
generator. We aim for 50% recruitment of men and 50% recruitment of women. We will stratify 
to ensure equal distribution of men and women across conditions. Sequence generation will be 
completed separately for men and women using the randomizer.org tool for researchers, with 
blocks of 2 unique numbers (1, 2) with each number designating one of the two randomization 
groups. Participants will be randomized in the order they complete the baseline survey. 
 
Assessment and remuneration: Participants in both conditions will be provided with $10 for 
completing the baseline survey, and $10 for completing a post-intervention survey. Participants 
who complete 100% of the weekly exercise logs will receive $15, and participants who complete 
at least 75% (i.e., 6-7 logs) of the logs will receive 10$. Participants in the virtual running group 
program (n = 10) will be asked to complete a post-intervention semi-structured interview, with 
the student investigator, assessing their experiences with the STRIDE program. If more than 10 
participants indicate interest in participating in the interview, we will select those to be 
interviewed by a random draw. Interviews will be conducted via Zoom (although only the audio 
component of the conversation will be recorded). Participants who complete the interview will 
be provide $20 for their time. 
 
Virtual Running Group Condition: Participants in the virtual running group will be placed into 
running groups of six people. Each running group will be given the group goal/challenge to 
collectively run/brisk walk the distance across the province of British Columbia (i.e., from UBC 
to BC/Alberta Border), for a total distance of 940 kilometers. Individuals have the choice to 
determine how they will contribute to the collective goal. On average, if each individual were to 

 
 
 
 
complete 20 km a week ((20 kilometers *6 individual)*(8 weeks)), that would equal 960 
kilometers traveled for the total group across eight weeks. The group running program refers to 
the shared activity approach in social identity building interventions (Steffens et al., 2019), 
whereby each individual in the group simultaneously runs/walks, and interdependently work 
together to achieve the collective goal of running 940 km. The collective goal will be 
implemented with the purpose of providing members with a shared sense of ‘we’ and ‘us’, a 
common purpose and meaning behind group activity, and will help establish the running group 
as a distinct group (Levy et al., 2018). 
 
Each participant will be encouraged to complete 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise 
per week. Participants will be asked to record their runs and walks on the fitness application 
Strava. Participants will also be provided with phone armbands so that they can carry their smart 
phone on runs/walks. Running groups will be created on Strava so that individuals can post their 
runs/walks for their running group to view, and post words of congratulations and 
encouragement on each individuals’ run/walk. In line with the Walk Kansas program 
(Estabrooks et al., 2008) participants can record leisure time moderate-to-vigorous exercise, such 
as strength training or recreational sport, to contribute to the group goal. In order to record an 
activity, it has to occur for at least 10 minutes. Leisure time exercise behaviour will be converted 
to kilometers traveled using Ainsworth et al.'s (2011) compendium of physical activities. 
 
At the end of each week of the program, participants in the virtual running group program will 
have a coffee chat (via Zoom) to discuss their experience running in the previous week and 
discuss progress and challenges associated with meeting the group goal. Due to the rolling 
recruitment strategies, separate running groups may have coffee chats that overlap. The student 
investigator will create separate breakout rooms on Zoom for the separate running groups (6 
individuals per group) if the coffee chat occurs at the same time. 
 
Discussion questions will be implemented to stimulate group discussion about how the group 
and each individual member will work towards completing the group goal. Providing group 
members the opportunity to decide how they will contribute to the collective goal utilizes the 
group relevant decision-making strategy of social identity building interventions (Steffens et al., 
2019). The weekly coffee chats are being implemented to provide group members the 
opportunity to socially connect, and discuss their experiences running. Participants will also be 
provided with t-shirts with the study logo in order to further establish a sense of ‘us’ and group 
identity. 
 
Control Condition: Participants in the control condition will be asked to download the fitness 
application Strava to their smartphone, and track all of their runs and walks on Strava. Similar to 
the intervention group, participants will be provided with phone armbands to carry their phone 
during a run or walk so they can record the run or walk on Strava, and will be asked to try 
participating in 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week.  
 
Data Collection 
 
Participants will be asked to complete baseline measures on Qualtrics before they are 
randomized to the intervention or control group, which will include demographics (e.g., age, 
gender, academic year in university), affective attitudes towards exercising, social support, 

 
 
 
 
flourishing, exercise-related subjective vitality, exercise identity, and exercise behaviour.  
Participants will be provided 10 dollars for completing the baseline questionnaire.  Each week, 
participants will be sent an email to record their exercise in the following week.  They will be 
asked to log the type of exercise and the duration of the activity.  At the end of the study (Week 
8), participants will be asked to complete an online post-intervention assessment, via Qualtrics, 
of satisfaction with the program (intervention group only), affective attitudes towards exercising, 
social support, flourishing, exercise-related subjective vitality, exercise identity, social 
identification with the running group (intervention group only), and exercise behaviour.  
Participants will also be provided 10 dollars for completing the post-intervention questionnaire.  
Finally, 10 participants in the intervention group will be chosen at random to complete semi-
structured interviews assessing the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.  Participants 
will be offered 20 dollars for completing the interview. 
 
Primary Feasibility and Acceptability Outcomes 
 
Interest in Program 
 
University students’ interest in the program will be assessed by recording the number of 
individuals expressing interest in the program. 
 
Participant Enrolment 
Participant enrolment will be assessed with the total number of participants enrolled in the study. 
 
Affective Attitudes towards Exercise 
  
Participant’s affective attitudes towards exercise will be assessed using four bipolar 
semantic differential adjectives (Conner et al., 2011) on a seven-point scale (pleasant-unpleasant; 
enjoyable-unenjoyable; exciting-boring; satisfying-unsatisfying).  Items will be prefaced with: 
‘‘For me, to participate in regular exercise is...’’ (Hoyt et al., 2009). 
 
Satisfaction with the Program 
One item, adapted from a pilot study conducted by Vincze et al. (2018), will be used to assess 
general satisfaction with the program: “How satisfied are you with the STRIDE program?”.  The 
item will be prefixed with: “Please indicate your agreement with the following statement.” 
Participants will respond to the item along a five-point agreement scale.   
 
Retention 
Participant retention will be measured by recording the percentage of individuals who adhered to 
the program, percentage of weekly exercise logs completed, percentage of weekly Zoom 
meetings attended, and percentage of post-intervention questionnaires completed.   
 
Participant Interviews 
Ten individuals within the intervention group will be recruited to participate in semi-structured 
interviews via Zoom to discuss the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.  Participants 
will be asked about their experiences with the program, and their perceived strengths and 
limitations with the program.  Participants will also be asked if they felt the program provided 
opportunities for social connection, supported their exercise behaviour, and whether they would 
recommend a similar program to a friend.  

 
 
 
 
 
Secondary Outcome Measures 
 
Perceived Social Support Received in the Context of Exercise 
Social support in the context of exercise will be assessed using four items from past 
social identity research (Gleibs et al., 2011; Haslam et al., 2005). The items will be prefaced 
with: “Please rate your agreement with each of the following statements as they relate to the 
support you receive for physical activity participation.”  Participants will respond to the items on 
a five-point Likert-type scale. 
 
Global Well-Being 
 
Participants will complete the eight-item Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010) 
 
Exercise Related Well-Being 
Participants will complete the six-item (Bostic et al., 2000) Subjective Vitality Scale 
(Ryan & Frederick, 1997) adapted for the context of exercise behaviour.  
 
Exercise Identity 
 
Participants will complete the nine-item Exercise Identity Scale (Anderson & Cychosz, 
1994). 
 
Social Identity  
 
Participants in the intervention condition will complete four adapted items (Doosje et al., 
1995) assessing their social identification with the running group (control participants will not 
receive these questions).   
 
Exercise Behaviour 
 
Participant will report their moderate-to-vigorous exercise minutes per week (over the 
past month) using a modified version of the Godin leisure time exercise questionnaire (Courneya 
et al., 2004; Godin & Shephard, 1985). 
 
Analysis Plan 
 
With respect to the primary feasibility and acceptability outcomes, frequency values will 
be calculated for adherence to the program, number of weekly physical activity logs completed, 
number of Zoom group meetings attended, and number of post-intervention surveys completed. 
Descriptive statistics (mean, variance), skewness, and kurtosis will be calculated for the affective 
attitude items and the one item assessing program satisfaction. Cronbach’s alpha will be 
calculated for the four affective attitude items.  A 2 x 2 within and between subjects ANOVA 
will be conducted to examine intervention by time effects on affective attitudes towards exercise.  
Effect sizes (η2) will also be calculated for the between, within, and interaction effects. 
The interviews with participants will be transcribed verbatim.  The transcripts will be 
analyzed using thematic analysis.  First, codes will be generated to identify content that is 
relevant to understanding participants’ experiences with the program and virtual running 
crew/group.  Second, codes will be analyzed to produce higher order themes regarding 
participants’ experiences with the program and virtual running crew/group (Clarke & Braun, 
2017).  

 
 
 
 
With respect to exploratory analyses, descriptive statistics (mean, variance), skewness, 
kurtosis, and Cronbach’s alpha will be calculated for each secondary outcome variable.  Multiple 
2 x 2 within and between subjects ANOVAs will be conducted to examine intervention by time 
effects on perceived social support, flourishing, exercise-related subjective vitality, exercise 
identity, and exercise behaviour.  Effect sizes (η2) will also be calculated for the between, within, 
and interaction effects.  

 
 
 
 
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