Replication of the EINSTEIN-PE Anticoagulant Trial in Healthcare Claims Data
Conditions: Pulmonary Embolism
Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital

Replication of the EINSTEIN PE Anticoagulant Trial in 
Healthcare Claims Data
NCT04879407
September 14, 2021

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
1. RCT Details
This section provides a high-level overview of a published RCT that the described real-world evidence study is trying to replicate
as closely as possible given the remaining limitations inherent in the healthcare databases.
1.1 Title 
Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism (EINSTEIN PE) 
1.2 Intended aim(s) 
To compare the risk of symptomatic, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute, symptomatic 
pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without deep vein thrombosis for rivaroxaban versus standard therapy of warfarin. 
1.3 Primary endpoint for replication  
The primary outcome of the study was symptomatic, recurrent VTE 
1.4 Required power for primary endpoint and noninferiority margin (if applicable) 
Assuming a noninferiority margin of 2.0, it was determined that about 3,000 patients would be needed to achieve 90% 
power to conclude noninferiority of rivaroxaban over standard therapy at two-sided alpha of 0.05.  
1.5 Secondary endpoint for replication (assay sensitivity) and RCT finding 
Major bleeding; RR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.76–1.07) 
1.6 Trial estimate 
RR = 1.12 (95% CI 0.75-1.58) comparing rivaroxaban vs standard therapy (Agnelli et al., 2012) 
2. Person responsible for implementation of replication in Aetion
Dureshahwar Jawaid, MPH implemented the study design in the Aetion Evidence Platform. She is not responsible for the validity of
the design and analytic choices. All implementation steps are recorded and the implementation history is archived in the platform.
3. Data Source(s)
Optum, MarketScan, Medicare

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4. Study Design Diagram
The study design diagram visualizes key aspects of the longitudinal study design for expedited review.
Figure 1 

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5. Cohort Identification
5.1 Cohort Summary 
This study will involve a new user, parallel group, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study design comparing 
rivaroxaban to warfarin users. The patients will be required to have continuous enrollment during a baseline period of 180 days 
before initiation of rivaroxaban or warfarin (index date). We will restrict the analyses to patients with a diagnosis of PE. 
5.2 Important steps for cohort formation 
 New use of rivaroxaban, exposure, and warfarin, comparator, is defined as no use of either therapy in 180 days prior to index 
date. 
5.2.1 Eligible cohort entry dates 
Market availability of rivaroxaban in the U.S. prevention of venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery started on 
July 01, 2011 
•
For Medicare: July 01, 2011– December 31, 2017 (end of available data)
•
For Marketscan: July 01, 2011 – December 31, 2018 (end of available data)
•
For Optum: July 01, 2011 – March 31, 2020 (end of available data)
5.2.2 Specify inclusion/exclusion criteria for cohort entry and define the index date. 
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were adapted from the trial as closely as possible. Definitions for all inclusion/exclusion 
are provided in Appendix A and are summarized in the flowcharts below. 
5.3 Flowchart of the study cohort assembly 
Optum 
Truven 
Medicare 
Less 
Excluded 
Patients 
Remaining 
Patients 
Less 
Excluded 
Patients 
Remaining 
Patients 
Less 
Excluded 
Patients 
Remaining 
Patients 
All patients 
78,202,636 
200,203,908 
6,886,908 
Did not meet cohort entry criteria 
-77,207,180
995,456 
-
199,008,369 
1,195,539 
-1,964,276
4,922,632 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Excluded due to insufficient enrollment 
-127,407
868,049 
-98,795
1,096,744 
-1,580,438
3,342,194 
Excluded due to prior use of referent 
-508,219
359,830 
-676,683
420,061 
-2,158,638
1,183,556 
Excluded due to prior use of exposure and because patient qualified 
in >1 exposure category 
-216,850
142,980 
-210,419
209,642 
-680,443
503,113 
Excluded based on Age < 65 (Medicare only) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-55358
447,755 
Excluded based on Age, Gender, and Use of other NOACs 
(dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban) 
-5393
137,587 
-4262
205,380 
-17641
430,114 
Excluded based on Inclusion 1 - Pulmonary embolism 
-117,221
20,366 
-169,963
35,417 
-372,047
58,067 
Excluded based on Exclusion 1 - Age and Exclusion 2 - 
Thrombectomy or insertion of a caval filter 
-196
20,170 
-274
35,143 
-546
57,521 
Excluded based on Exclusion 3 - Other Indications for VKA 
-1836
18,334 
-1,617
33,526 
-6,213
51,308 
Excluded based on Exclusion 6 - KD stage 4/5/ESRD 
-56
18,278 
-42
33,484 
-136
51,172 
Excluded based on Exclusion 7 - Significant liver disease 
-426
17,852 
-505
32,979 
-900
50,272 
Excluded based on Exclusion 8 - Bacterial endocarditis and Exclusion 
9 - CCI >= 10 
-154
17,698 
-114
32,865 
-398
49,874 
Excluded based on Exclusion 10 - Active bleeding or high risk for 
bleeding 
-262
17,436 
-334
32,531 
-670
49,204 
Excluded based on Exclusion 11 - malignant hypertension 
-33
17,403 
-42
32,489 
-57
49,147 
Excluded based on Exclusion 12 - Pregnancy and Exclusion 14 - 
strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or strong CYP3A4 inducers 
-19
17,384 
-44
32,445 
-29
49,118 
Final cohort 
17,384 
32,445 
49,118 
6. Variables
6.1 Exposure-related variables: 
Study drug:  
The study exposure of interest is initiation of rivaroxaban. New initiation will be defined by no use of rivaroxaban or warfarin in the 
prior 6 months before treatment initiation (washout period). 
Comparator: 

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New initiators of warfarin, defined by no use of rivaroxaban or warfarin in the prior 6 months. 
6.2 Covariates: 
•
Age
•
Sex
•
Combined Comorbidity Index (CCI), measured over the baseline covariate assessment period, defined as 180 days prior to
and including index date
Covariates listed above represent only a small subset of covariates that will ultimately be controlled for in the design and 
analysis. We use the covariates above only for initial feasibility analyses to judge whether there is likely to be sufficient overlap 
between treatment groups to proceed with the study. Remaining covariates are defined only after the study has passed the 
initial feasibility analysis and the initial power assessment and are listed in Table 1 (Appendix B).  
6.3 Outcome variables and study follow-up:  
6.3.1 Outcome variables 
Primary Effectiveness outcomes of interest: (definitions provided in Appendix A): 
•
Primary Outcome: VTE
Safety outcomes of interest: 
1. Major bleeding
6.3.2 Study follow-up 
Both as-treated (AT) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses will be conducted with treatment defined as the index drug on the day of 
cohort entry. Because adherence in the real-world databases is expected to be much worse than in the trial, the AT analysis is the 
primary analysis, as it targets the relative hazard of outcomes on treatment.  

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
For the AT analyses, the follow-up will start the day after initiation of rivaroxaban and comparator and will continue until the earliest 
date of the following events: 
• The first occurrence of the outcome of interest, unless otherwise specified for selected outcomes,  
• The date of end of continuous registration in the database, 
• End of the study period, 
• Measured death event occurs, 
• Nursing home admission 
o Nursing home admissions are considered a censoring event because the data sources utilized typically provide little to 
no data on a patient, particularly on drug utilization, after admission. We will utilize this as an exclusion reason for 
cohorts for the same reason. 
• The date of drug discontinuation, defined as the date of the last continuous treatment episode of the index drug 
(rivaroxaban and comparator) plus a defined grace period (i.e., 10 days after the end of the last prescription’s days’ supply in 
main analyses). 
• The date of augmentation or switching from exposure to comparator or vice versa or augmentation/switching to any other 
NOAC (e.g. switching from rivaroxaban to apixaban would be a censoring event); 
o A dosage change on the index treatment does not fulfill this criterion 
o An added treatment that is not part of the exposure or comparator group does not fulfill this criterion  
 
 
For the intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, the censoring based on the augmentation/switching and treatment discontinuation 
will be replaced with a maximum allowed follow-up time of 365 days.  
 
7. Initial Feasibility Analysis  
Aetion report name: 
Optum- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1527/rwrs/66276  
MarketScan- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1653/rwrs/66277  
Medicare- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1525/rwrs/67892  
 
Date conducted: 02/24/2021 
 
Complete Aetion feasibility analysis using age, sex, and CCI as the only covariates and the primary endpoint (Section 6.3.1) as the 
outcome. No measures of association will be computed nor will incidence rates stratified by treatment group. 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
•
Report patient characteristics by treatment group
Optum 
Truven 
Medicare 
Variable 
Reference- 
warfarin 
Exposure - 
rivaroxaban 
Difference 
Reference- 
warfarin 
Exposure - 
rivaroxaban 
Difference 
Reference- 
warfarin 
Exposure - 
rivaroxaban 
Difference 
Number of patients 
10,916 
6,439 
- (-, -)
22,999 
9,389 
- (-, -)
32,895 
16,223 
- (-, -)
Age 
…mean (sd) 
62.06 
(15.66) 
60.27 
(15.41) 
1.79 (1.31, 
2.27) 
55.59 
(15.02) 
53.62 
(14.45) 
1.98 (1.63, 
2.33) 
75.46 
(7.25) 
74.46 (6.75) 
1.00 (0.87, 
1.13) 
…median [IQR] 
65.00 
[51.00, 
74.00] 
62.00 
[50.00, 
72.00] 
- (-, -)
56.00 
[46.00, 
64.00] 
54.00 
[44.00, 
63.00] 
- (-, -)
74.00 
[69.00, 
80.00] 
73.00 
[69.00, 
79.00] 
- (-, -)
Gender without unknown 
…Male; n (%) 
4,950 
(45.3%) 
3,030 
(47.1%) 
-1.7% (-
3.3%, -
0.2%) 
11,058 
(48.1%) 
4,685 
(49.9%) 
-1.8% (-
3.0%, -
0.6%) 
12,293 
(37.4%) 
6,712 
(41.4%) 
-4.0% (-
4.9%, -
3.1%) 
…Female; n (%) 
5,965 
(54.6%) 
3,408 
(52.9%) 
1.7% 
(0.2%, 
3.3%) 
11,941 
(51.9%) 
4,704 
(50.1%) 
1.8% 
(0.6%, 
3.0%) 
20,602 
(62.6%) 
9,511 
(58.6%) 
4.0% 
(3.1%, 
4.9%) 
CCI (180 days)- ICD9 and 
ICD10 v2 
…mean (sd) 
3.04 (2.20) 
3.21 (2.00) 
-0.18 (-
0.24, -0.11) 
2.11 (1.91) 
2.43 (1.82) 
-0.32 (-
0.36, -
0.28) 
6.33 (3.30) 
6.24 (3.08) 
0.09 (0.03, 
0.15) 
…median [IQR] 
3.00 [1.00, 
4.00] 
3.00 [2.00, 
4.00] 
- (-, -)
2.00 [1.00, 
3.00] 
2.00 [1.00, 
3.00] 
- (-, -)
6.00 [4.00, 
8.00] 
6.00 [4.00, 
8.00] 
- (-, -)
•
Report summary parameters of study population FEASIBILITY- FOR STUDY OUTCOME

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
FEASIBILITY- FOR STUDY OUTCOME 
  
Optum 
Truven 
Medicare 
Variable 
Value 
Value 
Value 
Number of patients in full cohort 
17,384 
32,445 
49,118 
Number of patients dropped as incomplete cases 
0 
0 
0 
Number of patients that did not begin follow-up 
29 
57 
77 
Number of patients in analytic cohort 
17,355 
32,388 
49,041 
Number of events 
232 
482 
669 
Number of person-years 
6,152.63 
12,258.57 
20,258.62 
Number of patients in group: Reference- warfarin 
10,916 
22,999 
32,848 
Number of patients in group: Exposure - rivaroxaban 
6,439 
9,389 
16,193 
Risk per 1,000 patients 
13.37 
14.88 
13.64 
Rate per 1,000 person-years 
37.71 
39.32 
33.02 
 
 
 
 
 
• Report median follow-up time by treatment group 
 
MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP TIME FOR STUDY OUTCOME 
Median Follow-Up Time (Days) [IQR] 
  
Optum 
Truven 
Medicare 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Patient Group 
Median Follow-Up 
Time (Days) [IQR] 
Median Follow-Up 
Time (Days) [IQR] 
Median Follow-Up 
Time (Days) [IQR] 
Overall Patient Population 
76 [38, 174] 
93 [38, 183] 
98 [38, 196] 
Referent 
82 [38, 177] 
96 [43, 184] 
103 [43, 201] 
Exposure 
65 [38, 171] 
84 [38, 180] 
82 [38, 185] 
•
Report reasons for censoring in the overall study population
CENSORING REASONS FOR STUDY OUTCOME 
Optum 
Truven 
Medicare 
Outcome 
232 (1.3%) 
482 (1.5%) 
669 (1.4%) 
Death 
118 (0.7%) 
63 (0.2%) 
1,199 (2.4%) 
Start of an additional exposure 
606 (3.5%) 
1,277 (3.9%) 
2,077 (4.2%) 
End of index exposure 
12,371 
(71.3%) 
25,197 
(77.8%) 
37,423 
(76.3%) 
Specified date reached 
476 (2.7%) 
709 (2.2%) 
3,194 (6.5%) 
End of patient data 
0 (0.0%) 
0 (0.0%) 
0 (0.0%) 
End of patient enrollment 
1,340 (7.7%) 
4,035 
(12.5%) 
833 (1.7%) 
Censoring - Switch to other NOAC + nursing home 
Occurred 
2,212 
(12.7%) 
625 (1.9%) 
3,646 (7.4%) 
•
Report overall risk of the primary outcome.
Optum 
Marketscan Medicare Pooled 
Risk per 1,000 patients 
13.37 
14.88 
13.64 
13.98 
8. Initial Power Assessment
Aetion report name: 
For rivaroxaban vs. warfarin 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Optum- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1527/rwrs/66281  
MarketScan- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1653/rwrs/66280  
Mediare- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1525/rwrs/67893  
 
Date conducted:  02/24/2021 
 
In order to complete the initial power analysis, the dummy outcome of a 90-day gap in database enrollment will be used. This 
outcome is used to ensure that no information on the comparative risks of the outcomes of interest are available at this stage. 
Complete a 1:1 PS-matched comparative analysis using this outcome. PS should include only 2 covariates: age and combined 
comorbidity index. Power calculations are based on the formulas from Chow et al. (2008). 
 
• Stop analyses until feasibility and power are reviewed by primary investigators and FDA. Reviewers evaluate the results of the 
analyses described above in Sections 7 and 8, including numbers of patients, patient characteristics, follow-up time, and reasons 
for censoring by treatment group, as well as overall rates of outcomes and study power. These parameters are re-evaluated and 
reported in the subsequent sections, after incorporating feedback and refining the protocol. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
o Pooled 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
o
Optum
o
MarketScan
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
64,038
Reference
32,019
Exposed
32,019
Risk per 1,000 patients
13.98
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
895.25124
Power
1
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
12,876
Reference
6,438
Exposed
6,438
Risk per 1,000 patients
13.37
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
172.15212
Power
0.967396851

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
 
o Medicare 
 
 
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
18,776
Reference
9,388
Exposed
9,388
Risk per 1,000 patients
14.88
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
279.38688
Power
0.998048094
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
32,386
Reference
16,193
Exposed
16,193
Risk per 1,000 patients
13.64
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
441.74504
Power
0.999982118

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
• Stop analyses until balance and final power assessment are reviewed by primary investigators, FDA, and assigned members of 
advisory board. 
Reviewed by PI: 
 
Date reviewed: 
 
Reviewed by FDA: 
 
Date reviewed: 
 
Reasons for stopping 
analysis (if required): 
 
 
9. Balance Assessment 
 
Aetion report links: 
Optum: https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1527/rwrs/67705  
Marketscan: https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1653/rwrs/67706  
Medicare: https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1525/rwrs/67894  
 
Date conducted: 3/28/2021 
 
After review of initial feasibility and power analyses, complete creation of the remaining covariates from Section 6.2. Again, using the 
dummy outcome of a 90-day gap in database enrollment, complete a 1:1 PS-matched analysis. The PS should include the complete 
list of covariates. 
• Provide plot of PS distributions stratified by treatment group. 
 
Note- Please refer to Appendix B.  
 
• Report covariate balance after matching. 
 
Note- Please refer to Appendix B.  
 
• Report reasons for censoring by treatment group. 
 
 
 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
Overall 
Referent 
Exposure 
Dummy outcome 
0 (0.0%) 
0 (0.0%) 
0 (0.0%) 
Death 
477 (1.50%) 
218 (1.37%) 
259 (1.63%) 
Start of an additional exposure 
1,584 (4.98%) 
1,023 (6.44 %) 
561 (3.53%) 
End of index exposure 
23,632 (74.35%) 
11,350 (71.42%) 
12,282 (77.28%) 
Specified date reached 
1,617 (5.09%) 
875 (5.51%) 
742 (4.67%) 
End of patient enrollment 
2,079 (6.54%) 
1,046 (6.58%) 
1,033 (6.50%) 
Switch to other NOACs (for censoring) + nursing home 
admission 
2,397 (7.54%) 
1,381 (8.69%) 
1,016 (6.39%) 
 
• Report follow-up time by treatment group. 
Median Follow-Up Time (Days) [IQR] 
Patient Group 
Optum 
Marketscan 
Medicare 
Overall Patient Population 
70 [36-174] 
91 [38-184] 
97 [38-195] 
Referent 
75 [38-173] 
92 [40-178] 
100 [41-199] 
Exposure 
65 [33-175] 
 
91 [38-188] 
88 [38-190] 
 
10. Final Power Assessment 
 
Date conducted: 03/28/2021 
 
• Re-calculate power in the appropriate excel table, using the revised number of matched patients from the PS-match in Section 9. 
All other parameters in the table should be the same as in Section 8. 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Pooled 
Optum 
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
32,998
Reference
16,499
Exposed
16,499
Risk per 1,000 patients
13.87
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
457.68226
Power
0.999988934
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
4,306
Reference
2,153
Exposed
2,153
Risk per 1,000 patients
13.37
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
57.57122
Power
0.594735156

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Marketscan 
 
 
Medicare 
 
 
 
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
11,350
Reference
5,675
Exposed
5,675
Risk per 1,000 patients
14.88
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
168.888
Power
0.964666171
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
17,342
Reference
8,671
Exposed
8,671
Risk per 1,000 patients
13.46
Assumed HR from RCT
1.12
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
233.42332
Power
0.993231623

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
• Stop analyses until balance and final power assessment are reviewed by primary investigators, FDA, and assigned members of 
advisory board. 
Reviewed by PI: 
 
Date reviewed: 
 
Reviewed by FDA: 
 
Date reviewed: 
 
Reasons for stopping 
analysis (if required): 
 
 
11. Study Confidence and Concerns 
 
Deadline for voting on study confidence and listing concerns: 
Date votes and concerns are summarized:    
 
• If final feasibility and power analyses are reviewed and approved, proceed to the remaining protocol steps. 
• All study team and advisory board members that review this protocol should at this stage provide their level of confidence for the 
success of the RWD study in the Google Form. This form also provides space for reviewers to list any concerns that they feel may 
contribute to a failure to replicate the findings of the RCT, including differences in study populations, poor measurement of study 
variables, or residual confounding. All responses will be kept confidential and individual-level results will only be shared with the 
individual respondent. 
• After the deadline for voting has passed, provide the distribution of responses and summarize all concerns here. 
 
12. Register study protocol on clinicalTrials.gov 
 
Date conducted:    
 
• Register the study on clinicalTrials.gov and upload this document. 
 
13. Comparative Analyses 
 
Aetion report name: 
Date conducted:    
 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
13.1 
For primary analysis:  
13.2 
For sensitivity analyses: 
14. Requested Results
14.1 
Table 1: Baseline characteristics before and after adjustment 
Variable 
Before adjustment 
After adjustment 
Referent 
Exposure 
Std. diff. 
Referent 
Exposure 
Std. diff. 
Number of patients 
- 
- 
Age categories 
… 
14.2 
Table 2: Follow-up time 
Patient Group 
Median Follow-Up Time (Days) [IQR] 
Overall Patient Population 
Referent 
Exposure 
14.3 
Table 3: Censoring events 
Overall 
Referent 
Exposure 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Outcome 
 
 
 
Death 
 
 
 
Start of an additional exposure 
 
 
 
End of index exposure 
 
 
 
Specified date reached 
 
 
 
End of patient data 
 
 
 
End of patient enrollment 
 
 
 
… 
 
 
 
 
14.4 
Table 4: Results from primary analyses; 
 
Analysis 
No. exposed events 
No. referent events 
Exposed rate 
Referent rate 
HR (95% CI) 
Crude 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis 1 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis 2 
 
 
 
 
 
... 
 
 
 
 
 
HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval. 
 
14.5 
Table 5: Results from secondary analyses; 
 
 
15. References 
 
Agnelli G, Berkowitz S, Bounameaux H, et al. Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J 
Med. 2012; 366:1287-97  
 
Chow S, Shao J, Wang H. 2008.  Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research. 2nd Ed. Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series. page 
177 
 
 

Tri al N a m e ( wit h w e b li nks) 
EI NS T EI N P E
Tri al N a m e ( wit h p df li nks)
EI NS T EI N P E
N C T 
 N C T 0 0 4 3 9 7 7 7
T h er a p e utic Ar e a
C ar di ol o gy/ V asc ul ar Dis eas es
St u dy b atc h
N O A Cs
Br a n d N a m e
X ar elt o 
G e n eric N a m e
Ri v ar ox a b a n
S p o ns or
B ay er
J o h ns o n & J o h ns o n P h ar m ac e uti c al R es earc h & D ev el o p m e nt, L.L. C
Y e ar
2 0 1 2
M e as ur a bl e e n d p oi nt
P erc e nt ag e of P arti ci p a nts Wit h Sy m pt o m ati c R ec urr e nt V e n o us T hr o m b o e m b olis m [ V T E] (i. e. t h e C o m p osit e of 
R ec urr e nt D e e p V ei n T hr o m b osis [ D V T] or F at al or N o n-fat al P ul m o n ar y E m b olis m [ P E]) U ntil t h e I nt e n d e d E n d of 
St u d y Tr eat m e nt 
E x p os ur e
Ri v ar ox a b a n
C o m p ar at or
E n ox a p ari n/ V K A
P o p ul ati o n
P ati e nts of l eg al ag e w h o h a d ac ut e sy m pt o m ati c p ul m o n ar y e m b olis m wit h or wit h o ut d e e p-v ei n t hr o m b osis
Tri al fi n di ng
H R = 1. 1 2 ( 9 5 % CI 0. 7 5 t o 1. 6 8)
 N o. of P ati e nts 
4, 8 3 2 ( 2, 4 1 9 i n ex p os e d ar m)
N o n-i nf eri orit y m ar gi n
H R = 2. 0
Ass a y S e ns. E n d p oi nt (fr o m tri al)
P erc e nt ag e of P arti ci p a nts Wit h t h e C o m p osit e V ari a bl e C o m prisi n g R ec urr e nt D V T, N o n-fat al P E a n d All C a us e 
M ort alit y U ntil t h e I nt e n d e d E n d of St u d y Tr eat m e nt
Fi n di ng f or p ot e nti al Ass a y S e ns. O utc o m e fr o m tri al- 
H R = 0. 8 5 ( 9 5 % CI 0. 6 3 t o 1. 1 4)
P o w er
0. 9 0. Ass u mi ng e q u al effic acy, a t otal of 8 8 e v e nts w as c alc ulat e d t o giv e a p o w er of 9 0 % t o pr ov e t h at riv ar oxa b a n is at l e ast as 
eff ectiv e as t h e c o m p arat or, c o nsi d eri ng a n o n-i nf eri ority u p p er CI m argi n f or t h e h az ar d rati o of 2. 0 (t w o-si d e d α = 0. 0 5). A m e a n 
i nci d e nc e f or t h e pri m ary effic acy o utc o m e of 3 % w as ex p ect e d a n d a n e nr oll m e nt of at l e ast 3 0 0 0 p ati e nts w as n ec ess ary
A p pe n di x A

Titl e
V e n o us T hr o m b o e m b olis m ( V T E)
I C D- 9 D x i n p ati e nt pri m ar y p ositi o n
P E
4 1 5. 1
 P UL M O N A R Y E M B OLI S M A N D I NF A R C TI O N
4 1 5. 1 1
 I A T R O G E NI C P UL M O N A R Y E M B OLI S M A N D I NF A R C TI O N
4 1 5. 1 9
 O T H E R P UL M O N A R Y E M B OLI S M A N D I NF A R C TI O N
D V T
4 5 1. 1
 P HL E BI TI S A N D T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S OF D E E P V EI NS OF L O W E R E X T R E MI TI ES
4 5 1. 1 1
 P HL E BI TI S A N D T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S OF F E M O R AL V EI N ( D E E P) (S U P E R FI CI AL)
4 5 1. 1 9
 P HL E BI TI S A N D T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S OF O T H E R
4 5 1. 2
 P HL E BI TI S A N D T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S OF L O W E R E X T R E MI TI ES U NS P E CI FI E D
4 5 1. 8 1
 P HL E BI TI S A N D T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S OF ILI A C V EI N
4 5 1. 9
 P HL E BI TI S A N D T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E
4 5 3
 B U D D- C HI A RI S Y N D R O ME
4 5 3. 1
 T H R O M B O P HL E BI TI S MI G R A NS
4 5 3. 2
 E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF I NF E RI O R V E N A C A V A
4 5 3. 4
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V ES S EL S OF L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 4
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF U NS P E CI FI E D D E E P V ES S EL S OF L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 4 1
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V ES S EL S OF P R O XI M AL L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 4 2
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V ES S EL S OF DI S T AL L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 5
 C H R O NI C V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V ES S EL S OF L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 5
 C H R O NI C V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF U NS P E CI FI E D D E E P V ES S EL S OF L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 5 1
 C H R O NI C V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V ES S EL S OF P R O XI M AL L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 5 2
 C H R O NI C V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V ES S EL S OF DI S T AL L O W E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 8
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF O T H E R S P E CI FI E D V EI NS
4 5 3. 8 2
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF D E E P V EI NS OF U P P E R E X T R E MI T Y
4 5 3. 8 3
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF U P P E R E X T R E MI T Y U NS P E CI FI E D
4 5 3. 8 4
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF A XIL L A R Y V EI NS
4 5 3. 8 5
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF S U B CL A VI A N V EI NS
4 5 3. 8 6
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF I N T E R N AL J U G UL A R V EI NS
4 5 3. 8 7
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF O T H E R T H O R A CI C V EI NS
4 5 3. 8 9
 A C U T E V E N O U S E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF O T H E R S P E CI FI E D V EI NS
A p pe n di x A

4 5 3. 9
 E M B OLI S M A N D T H R O M B OSI S OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E
I C D- 1 0 D x i n p ati e nt pri m ar y p ositi o n
P E
I 2 6. 0 
 P ul m o n ar y e m b olis m wit h ac ut e c or p ul m o n al e
I 2 6. 0 1 
 S e pti c p ul m o n ar y e m b olis m wit h ac ut e c or p ul m o n al e
I 2 6. 0 2 
 S a d dl e e m b ol us of p ul m o n ar y art er y wit h ac ut e c or p ul m o n al e
I 2 6. 0 9 
 Ot h er p ul m o n ar y e m b olis m wit h ac ut e c or p ul m o n al e
I 2 6. 9 
 P ul m o n ar y e m b olis m wit h o ut ac ut e c or p ul m o n al e
I 2 6. 9 9 
 Ot h er p ul m o n ar y e m b olis m wit h o ut ac ut e c or p ul m o n al e
D V T
I 8 0. 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of f e m or al v ei n
I 8 0. 1 0 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d f e m or al v ei n
I 8 0. 1 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ri g ht f e m or al v ei n
I 8 0. 1 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of l eft f e m or al v ei n
I 8 0. 1 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of f e m or al v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 0. 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ot h er a n d u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ess els of l o w er extr e miti es
I 8 0. 2 0 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ess els of l o w er extr e miti es
I 8 0. 2 0 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ess els of ri g ht l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 0. 2 0 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ess els of l eft l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 0. 2 0 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ess els of l o w er extr e miti es, bil at er al
I 8 0. 2 0 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ess els of u ns p ecifi e d l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 0. 2 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ili ac v ei n
I 8 0. 2 1 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ri g ht ili ac v ei n
I 8 0. 2 1 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of l eft ili ac v ei n
I 8 0. 2 1 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ili ac v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 0. 2 1 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d ili ac v ei n
I 8 0. 2 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 0. 2 2 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ri g ht p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 0. 2 2 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of l eft p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 0. 2 2 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of p o plit eal v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 0. 2 2 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 0. 2 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ti bi al v ei n
I 8 0. 2 3 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ri g ht ti bi al v ei n
A p p e n di x A

I 8 0. 2 3 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of l eft ti bi al v ei n
I 8 0. 2 3 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ti bi al v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 0. 2 3 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d ti bi al v ei n
I 8 0. 2 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ot h er d e e p v ess els of l o w er extr e miti es
I 8 0. 2 9 1 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ot h er d e e p v ess els of ri g ht l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 0. 2 9 2 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ot h er d e e p v ess els of l eft l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 0. 2 9 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ot h er d e e p v ess els of l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 0. 2 9 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of ot h er d e e p v ess els of u ns p ecifi e d l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 0. 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of l o w er extr e miti es, u ns p ecifi e d
I 8 0. 9 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of u ns p ecifi e d sit e
I 8 2. 0 
B u d d- C hi ari sy n dr o m e
I 8 2. 1 
 T hr o m b o p hl e bitis mi gr a ns
I 8 0. 3 
 P hl e bitis a n d t hr o m b o p hl e bitis of l o w er extr e miti es, u ns p ecifi e d
I 8 2. 4 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 0 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 0 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 0 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l eft l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 0 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 0 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 1 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 1 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 1 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of f e m or al v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 1 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 4 2 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 4 2 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 4 2 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ili ac v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 2 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 4 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 4 3 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 4 3 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 4 3 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of p o plit eal v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 3 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 4 4 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ti bi al v ei n
A p pe n di x A

I 8 2. 4 4 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 4 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 4 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ti bi al v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 4 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 4 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 9 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of ri g ht l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 9 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of l eft l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 9 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 9 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of u ns p ecifi e d l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Y 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Y 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Y 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l eft pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Y 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 Y 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Z 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Z 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Z 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l eft dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 4 Z 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of dist al l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 4 Z 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 0 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 0 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 0 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l eft l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 0 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 0 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 1 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 1 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 1 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of f e m or al v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 1 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d f e m or al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 5 2 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 5 2 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft ili ac v ei n
I 8 2. 5 2 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ili ac v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 2 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d ili ac v ei n
A p pe n di x A

I 8 2. 5 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 5 3 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 5 3 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 5 3 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of p o plit eal v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 3 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d p o plit eal v ei n
I 8 2. 5 4 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 4 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 4 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 4 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ti bi al v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 4 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d ti bi al v ei n
I 8 2. 5 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 9 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of ri g ht l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 9 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of l eft l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 9 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 9 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d d e e p v ei n of u ns p ecifi e d l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Y 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Y 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Y 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l eft pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Y 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 Y 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d pr o xi m al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Z 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Z 1 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Z 2 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of l eft dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 5 Z 3 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of dist al l o w er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 5 Z 9 
 C hr o ni c e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d dist al l o w er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of v ei ns of u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 0 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d v ei ns of u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 0 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d v ei ns of ri g ht u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 0 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d v ei ns of l eft u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 0 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d v ei ns of u p p er extr e mit y, bil at er al
I 8 2. 6 0 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 2 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of ri g ht u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 2 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of l eft u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 6 2 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of u p p er extr e mit y, bil at er al
A p pe n di x A

I 8 2. 6 2 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of d e e p v ei ns of u ns p ecifi e d u p p er extr e mit y
I 8 2. 8 9 0 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ot h er s p ecifi e d v ei ns
I 8 2. 9 0 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d v ei n
I 8 2. A 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of axill ar y v ei n
I 8 2. A 1 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht axill ar y v ei n
I 8 2. A 1 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft axill ar y v ei n
I 8 2. A 1 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of axill ar y v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. A 1 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d axill ar y v ei n
I 8 2. B 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of s u bcl avi a n v ei n
I 8 2. B 1 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht s u bcl avi a n v ei n
I 8 2. B 1 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft s u bcl avi a n v ei n
I 8 2. B 1 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of s u bcl avi a n v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. B 1 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d s u bcl avi a n v ei n
I 8 2. C 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of i nt er n al j u g ul ar v ei n
I 8 2. C 1 1 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of ri g ht i nt er n al j u g ul ar v ei n
I 8 2. C 1 2 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of l eft i nt er n al j u g ul ar v ei n
I 8 2. C 1 3 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of i nt er n al j u g ul ar v ei n, bil at er al
I 8 2. C 1 9 
 Ac ut e e m b olis m a n d t hr o m b osis of u ns p ecifi e d i nt er n al j u g ul ar v ei n
A p pe n di x A

Titl e
Maj or Bl e e di n g
I C D- 9 D x i n p ati e nt a n y p ositi o n
4 2 3
 (I C D 9) H E M O P E RI C A R DI U M
4 3 0
 (I C D 9) S U B A R A C H N OI D H E M O R R H A G E
4 3 1
 (I C D 9) I N T R A C E R E B R AL H E M O R R H A G E
4 3 2
 (I C D 9) N O N T R A U M A TI C E X T R A D U R AL H E M O R R H A G E
4 3 2. 1
 (I C D 9) S U B D U R AL H E M O R R H A G E
4 3 2. 9
 (I C D 9) U NS P E CI FI E D I N T R A C R A NI AL H E M O R R H A G E
4 5 9
 (I C D 9) H E M O R R H A G E U NS P E CI FI E D
5 3 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 0 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 1. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 2 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 1. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 4 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 1. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 1. 6 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T RI C UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2. 0 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 2. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2. 2 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 2. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
A p pe n dix A

5 3 2. 4 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 2. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 2. 6 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D D U O D E N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3
 (I C D 9) A C U T E P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 3
 (I C D 9) A C U T E P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 0 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 3. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 2 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 3. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 4 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D 
P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 3. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D 
P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 3. 6 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D P E P TI C UL C E R OF U NS P E CI FI E D SI T E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D 
P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 3 4
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 0 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 4. 2
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 2 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
A p p e n di x A

5 3 4. 4
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 4 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E WI T H O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N
5 3 4. 6
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N 
WI T H O U T O B S T R U C TI O N
5 3 4. 6 1
 (I C D 9) C H R O NI C O R U NS P E CI FI E D G AS T R OJ EJ U N AL UL C E R WI T H H E M O R R H A G E A N D P E R F O R A TI O N WI T H 
O B S T R U C TI O N
5 6 2. 0 2
 (I C D 9) DI V E R TI C UL OSI S OF S M AL L I N T ES TI N E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 6 2. 0 3
 (I C D 9) DI V E R TI C ULI TI S OF S M AL L I N T ES TI N E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 6 2. 1 2
 (I C D 9) DI V E R TI C UL OSI S OF C OL O N WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 6 2. 1 3
 (I C D 9) DI V E R TI C ULI TI S OF C OL O N WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 6 8. 8 1
 (I C D 9) H E M O P E RI T O N E U M ( N O N T R A U M A TI C)
5 6 9. 3
 (I C D 9) H E M O R R H A G E OF R E C T U M A N D A N U S
5 6 9. 8 3
 (I C D 9) P E R F O R A TI O N OF I N T ES TI N E
5 6 9. 8 5
 (I C D 9) A N GI O D YS PL ASI A OF I N T ES TI N E WI T H H E M O R R H A G E
5 6 9. 8 6
 (I C D 9) DI E UL AF O Y L ESI O N ( H E M O R R H A GI C) OF I N T ES TI N E
5 7 8
 (I C D 9) H E M A T E MESI S
5 7 8. 1
 (I C D 9) BL O O D I N S T O OL
5 7 8. 9
 (I C D 9) H E M O R R H A G E OF G AS T R OI N T ES TI N AL T R A C T U NS P E CI FI E D
7 1 9. 1
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S
7 1 9. 1
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S SI T E U NS P E CI FI E D
7 1 9. 1 1
 (I C D 9) H E R A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G S H O UL D E R R E GI O N
7 1 9. 1 2
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H O R SI S I N V OL VI N G U P P E R A R M
7 1 9. 1 3
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G F O R E A R M
7 1 9. 1 4
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G H A N D
7 1 9. 1 5
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G P EL VI C R E GI O N A N D T HI G H
7 1 9. 1 6
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G L O W E R L E G
7 1 9. 1 7
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G A N KL E A N D F O O T
7 1 9. 1 8
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G O T H E R S P E CI FI E D SI T ES
7 1 9. 1 9
 (I C D 9) H E M A R T H R OSI S I N V OL VI N G M UL TI PL E SI T ES
7 8 4. 7
 (I C D 9) E PI S T A XI S
7 8 4. 8
 (I C D 9) H E M O R R H A G E F R O M T H R O A T
A p p e n di x A

5 9 9. 7
 (I C D 9) H E M A T U RI A
5 9 9. 7
 (I C D 9) H E M A T U RI A U NS P E CI FI E D
5 9 9. 7 1
 (I C D 9) G R OS S H E M A T U RI A
5 9 9. 7 2
 (I C D 9) MI C R OS C O PI C H E M A T U RI A
7 8 6. 3
 (I C D 9) H E M O P T YSI S
7 8 6. 3
 (I C D 9) H E M O P T YSI S U NS P E CI FI E D
7 8 6. 3 1
 (I C D 9) A C U T E I DI O P A T HI C P UL M O N A R Y H E M O R R H A G E I N I NF A N TS
7 8 6. 3 9
 (I C D 9) O T H E R H E M O P T YSI S
I C D- 1 0 D x i n p ati e nt a n y p ositi o n
I 3 1. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m o p eri c ar di u m, n ot els e w h er e cl assifi e d
I 6 0. 0 0 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m u ns p ecifi e d c ar oti d si p h o n a n d bif urc ati o n
I 6 0. 0 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m ri g ht c ar oti d si p h o n a n d bif urc ati o n
I 6 0. 0 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m l eft c ar oti d si p h o n a n d bif urc ati o n
I 6 0. 1 0 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m u ns p ecifi e d mi d dl e c er e br al art er y
I 6 0. 1 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m ri g ht mi d dl e c er e br al art er y
I 6 0. 1 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m l eft mi d dl e c er e br al art er y
I 6 0. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m a nt eri or c o m m u ni c ati n g art er y
I 6 0. 3 0 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m u ns p ecifi e d p ost eri or c o m m u ni c ati n g art er y
I 6 0. 3 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m ri g ht p ost eri or c o m m u ni c ati n g art er y
I 6 0. 3 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m l eft p ost eri or c o m m u ni c ati n g art er y
I 6 0. 4 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m b asil ar art er y
I 6 0. 5 0 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m u ns p ecifi e d v ert e br al art er y
I 6 0. 5 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m ri g ht v ert e br al art er y
I 6 0. 5 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m l eft v ert e br al art er y
I 6 0. 6 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m ot h er i ntr acr a ni al art eri es
I 6 0. 7 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e fr o m u ns p ecifi e d i ntr acr a ni al art er y
I 6 0. 8 
 (I C D 1 0) Ot h er n o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e
I 6 0. 9 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ar ac h n oi d h e m orr h ag e, u ns p ecifi e d
I 6 1. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e i n h e mis p h er e, s u bc orti c al
I 6 1. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e i n h e mis p h er e, c orti c al
I 6 1. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e i n h e mis p h er e, u ns p ecifi e d
I 6 1. 3 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e i n br ai n st e m
A p p e n di x A

I 6 1. 4 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e i n c er e b ell u m
I 6 1. 5 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e, i ntr av e ntri c ul ar
I 6 1. 6 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e, m ulti pl e l oc aliz e d
I 6 1. 8 
 (I C D 1 0) Ot h er n o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e
I 6 1. 9 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr ac er e br al h e m orr h ag e, u ns p ecifi e d
I 6 2. 0 0 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b d ur al h e m orr h ag e, u ns p ecifi e d
I 6 2. 0 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c ac ut e s u b d ur al h e m orr h ag e
I 6 2. 0 2 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c s u b ac ut e s u b d ur al h e m orr h ag e
I 6 2. 0 3 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c c hr o ni c s u b d ur al h e m orr h ag e
I 6 2. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c extr a d ur al h e m orr h ag e
I 6 2. 9 
 (I C D 1 0) N o ntr a u m ati c i ntr acr a ni al h e m orr h ag e, u ns p ecifi e d
K 2 5. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e g astri c ul c er wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 5. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e g astri c ul c er wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 5. 4 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d g astri c ul c er wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 5. 6 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d g astri c ul c er wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 6. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e d u o d e n al ul c er wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 6. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e d u o d e n al ul c er wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 6. 4 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d d u o d e n al ul c er wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 6. 6 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d d u o d e n al ul c er wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 7. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e p e pti c ul c er, sit e u ns p ecifi e d, wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 7. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e p e pti c ul c er, sit e u ns p ecifi e d, wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 7. 4 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d p e pti c ul c er, sit e u ns p ecifi e d, wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 7. 6 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d p e pti c ul c er, sit e u ns p ecifi e d, wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 8. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e g astr oj ej u n al ul c er wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 8. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e g astr oj ej u n al ul c er wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 2 8. 4 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d g astr oj ej u n al ul c er wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 2 8. 6 
 (I C D 1 0) C hr o ni c or u ns p ecifi e d g astr oj ej u n al ul c er wit h b ot h h e m orr h ag e a n d p erf or ati o n
K 5 5. 2 1 
 (I C D 1 0) A n gi o d ys pl asi a of c ol o n wit h h e m orr h ag e
K 5 6. 6 0 
 (I C D 1 0) U ns p ecifi e d i nt esti n al o bstr ucti o n
K 5 7. 0 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of s m all i nt esti n e wit h p erf or ati o n a n d a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 1 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ul osis of s m all i nt esti n e wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 1 3 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of s m all i nt esti n e wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 2 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of l ar g e i nt esti n e wit h p erf or ati o n a n d a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
A p pe n di x A

K 5 7. 3 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ul osis of l ar g e i nt esti n e wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 3 3 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of l ar g e i nt esti n e wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 4 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of b ot h s m all a n d l ar g e i nt esti n e wit h p erf or ati o n a n d a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 5 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ul osis of b ot h s m all a n d l ar g e i nt esti n e wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 5 3 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of b ot h s m all a n d l ar g e i nt esti n e wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 8 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of i nt esti n e, p art u ns p ecifi e d, wit h p erf or ati o n a n d a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 9 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ul osis of i nt esti n e, p art u ns p ecifi e d, wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 5 7. 9 3 
 (I C D 1 0) Di v erti c ulitis of i nt esti n e, p art u ns p ecifi e d, wit h o ut p erf or ati o n or a bsc ess wit h bl e e di n g
K 6 2. 5 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e of a n us a n d r ect u m
K 6 3. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) P erf or ati o n of i nt esti n e ( n o ntr a u m ati c)
K 6 3. 8 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Di e ul af o y l esi o n of i nt esti n e
K 6 6. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m o p erit o n e u m
K 9 2. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m at e m esis
K 9 2. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) M el e n a
K 9 2. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) G astr oi nt esti n al h e m orr h ag e, u ns p ecifi e d
M 2 5. 0 0 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d j oi nt
M 2 5. 0 1 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht s h o ul d er
M 2 5. 0 1 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft s h o ul d er
M 2 5. 0 1 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d s h o ul d er
M 2 5. 0 2 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht el b o w
M 2 5. 0 2 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft el b o w
M 2 5. 0 2 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d el b o w
M 2 5. 0 3 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht wrist
M 2 5. 0 3 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft wrist
M 2 5. 0 3 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d wrist
M 2 5. 0 4 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht h a n d
M 2 5. 0 4 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft h a n d
M 2 5. 0 4 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d h a n d
M 2 5. 0 5 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht hi p
M 2 5. 0 5 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft hi p
M 2 5. 0 5 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d hi p
M 2 5. 0 6 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht k n e e
M 2 5. 0 6 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft k n e e
A p pe n di x A

M 2 5. 0 6 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d k n e e
M 2 5. 0 7 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht a n kl e
M 2 5. 0 7 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft a n kl e
M 2 5. 0 7 3 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d a n kl e
M 2 5. 0 7 4 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ri g ht f o ot
M 2 5. 0 7 5 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, l eft f o ot
M 2 5. 0 7 6 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, u ns p ecifi e d f o ot
M 2 5. 0 8 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m art hr osis, ot h er s p ecifi e d sit e
R 5 8 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e, n ot els e w h er e cl assifi e d
R 0 4 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e fr o m r es pir at or y p ass ag es
R 0 4. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) E pist axis
R 0 4. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e fr o m t hr o at
R 0 4. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m o pt ysis
R 0 4. 8 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e fr o m ot h er sit es i n r es pir at or y p ass ag es
R 0 4. 8 1 
 (I C D 1 0) Ac ut e i di o p at hi c p ul m o n ar y h e m orr h ag e i n i nfa nts
R 0 4. 8 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e fr o m ot h er sit es i n r es pir at or y p ass ag es
R 0 4. 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m orr h ag e fr o m r es pir at or y p ass ag es, u ns p ecifi e d
R 3 1 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m at uri a
R 3 1. 0 
 (I C D 1 0) Gr oss h e m at uri a
R 3 1. 1 
 (I C D 1 0) B e ni g n ess e nti al mi cr osc o pi c h e m at uri a
R 3 1. 2 
 (I C D 1 0) Ot h er mi cr osc o pi c h e m at uri a
R 3 1. 2 1
 (I C D 1 0) Asy m pt o m ati c mi cr osc o pi c h e m at uri a
R 3 1. 2 9
 (I C D 1 0) Ot h er mi cr osc o pi c h e m at uri a
R 3 1. 9 
 (I C D 1 0) H e m at uri a, u ns p ecifi e d
P x i n p ati e nt a n y p ositi o n
4 4. 4 3
 (I C D 9) E N D OS C O PI C C O N T R OL OF G AS T RI C O R D U O D E N AL BL E E DI N G
0 W 3 P 8 Z Z 
 (I C D 1 0) C o ntr ol Bl e e di n g i n G astr oi nt esti n al Tr act, Vi a N at ur al or Artifi ci al O p e ni n g E n d osc o pi c
4 3 2 5 5
 ( H C P C S) Es o p h ag o g astr o d u o d e n osc o p y, fl exi bl e, tr a ns or al; wit h c o ntr ol of bl e e di n g, a n y m et h o d / U p p er 
g astr oi nt esti n al e n d osc o p y i ncl u di n g es o p h ag us, st o m ac h, a n d eit h er t h e d u o d e n u m a n d/ or j ej u n u m as 
a p pr o pri at e; wit h c o ntr ol of bl e e di n g, a n y m et h o d
A p pe n dix A

Titl e
Pr eg n a nc y
I C D- 9 D x i n p ati e nt a n y p ositi o n
6 5 0
N or m al d eli v er y
6 6 0
O bstr uct e d l a b or
6 6 1
A b n or m alit y of f orc es of l a b or
6 6 2
L o n g l a b or
6 6 3
U m bili c al c or d c o m pli c ati o ns d uri n g l a b or a n d d eli v er y
6 6 4
Tr a u m a t o p er n e u m a n d v ul v a d uri n g d eli v er y
6 6 5
Ot h er o bst etri c al tr a u m a
6 6 7
R et ai n e d pl ac e nt a or m e m br a n es wit h o ut h e m orr h ag e
6 6 8
C o m pli c ati o ns of t h e a d mi nistr ati o n of a n est h eti c or ot h er s e d ati o n i n l a b or a n d d eli v er y
6 6 9. 9 4
U ns p ecifi e d c o m pli c ati o n of l a b or a n d d eli v er y p ost p art u m c o n diti o n or c o m pli c ati o n
V 2 4
P ost p art u m c ar e a n d ex a mi n ati o n
V 2 4. 0
P ost p art u m c ar e a n d ex a mi n ati o n i m m e di at el y aft er d eli v er y
V 2 4. 1
P ost p art u m c ar e a n d ex a mi n ati o n of l act ati n g m ot h er
V 2 4. 2
R o uti n e p ost p art u m f oll o w
V 2 7
O utc o m e of d eli v er y
V 2 7. 0
M ot h er wit h si n gl e li v e b or n
V 2 7. 1
M ot h er wit h si n gl e still b or n
V 2 7. 2
M ot h er wit h t wi ns b ot h li v e b or n
V 2 7. 3
M ot h er wit h t wi ns o n e li v e b or n a n d o n e still b or n
V 2 7. 4
M ot h er wit h t wi ns b ot h still b or n
V 2 7. 5
M ot h er wit h ot h er m ulti pl e birt h all li v e b or n
V 2 7. 6
M ot h er wit h ot h er m ulti pl e birt h s o m e li v e b or n
V 2 7. 7
M ot h er wit h ot h er m ulti pl e birt h all still b or n
V 2 7. 9
M ot h er wit h u ns p ecifi e d o utc o m e of d eli v er y
I C D- 9 P x i n p ati e nt a n y p ositi o n
7 2. 0
L o w f orc e ps o p er ati o n
7 2. 1
L o w f orc e ps o p er ati o n wit h e pisi ot o m y
7 2. 2
Mi d f orc e ps o p er ati o n
7 2. 2 1
Mi d f orc e ps o p er ati o n wit h e pisi ot o m y
7 2. 2 9
Ot h er mi d f orc e ps o p er ati o n
A p pe n dix A

7 2. 3
Hi g h f orc e ps o p er ati o n
7 2. 3 1
Hi g h f orc e ps o p er ati o n wit h e pisi ot o m y
7 2. 3 9
Ot h er hi g h f orc e ps o p er ati o n
7 2. 4
F orc e ps r ot ati o n of f et al h ea d
7 2. 5
Br e ec h extr acti o n
7 2. 5 1
P arti al br e ec h extr acti o n wit h f orc e ps t o aft erc o mi n g h ea d
7 2. 5 2
Ot h er p arti al br e ec h extr acti o n
7 2. 5 3
T ot al br e ec h extr acti o n wit h f orc e ps t o aft erc o mi n g h ea d
7 2. 5 4
Ot h er t ot al br e ec h extr acti o n
7 2. 6
F orc e ps a p pli c ati o n t o aft erc o mi n g h ea d
7 2. 7
V ac u u m extr acti o n
7 2. 7 1
V ac u u m extr acti o n wit h e pisi ot o m y
7 2. 7 9
Ot h er v ac u u m extr acti o n
7 2. 8
Ot h er s p ecifi e d i nstr u m e nt al d eli v er y
7 2. 9
U ns p ecifi e d i nstr u m e nt al d eli v er y
7 3. 0
Artifi ci al r u pt ur e of m e m br a n es
7 3. 0 1
I n d ucti o n of l a b or b y artifi ci al r u pt ur e of m e m br a n es
7 3. 0 9
Ot h er artifi ci al r u pt ur e of m e m br a n es
7 3. 1
Ot h er s ur gi c al i n d ucti o n of l a b or
7 3. 2
I nt er n al a n d c o m bi n e d v ersi o n a n d extr acti o n
7 3. 2 1
I nt er n al a n d c o m bi n e d v ersi o n wit h o ut extr acti o n
7 3. 2 2
I nt er n al a n d c o m bi n e d v ersi o n wit h extr acti o n
7 3. 3
F ail e d f orc e ps
7 3. 4
M e di c al i n d ucti o n of l a b or
7 3. 5
Ma n u all y assist e d d eli v er y
7 3. 5 1
Ma n u al r ot ati o n of f et al h ea d
7 3. 5 9
Ot h er m a n u all y assist e d d eli v er y
7 3. 6
E pisi ot o m y
7 3. 8
O p er ati o ns o n f et us t o facilit at e d eli v er y
7 3. 9
Ot h er o p er ati o ns assisti n g d eli v er y
7 3. 9 1
Ext er n al v ersi o n assisti n g d eli v er y
7 3. 9 2
R e pl ac e m e nt of pr ol a ps e d u m bili c al c or d
7 3. 9 3
I ncisi o n of c er vi x t o assist d eli v er y
7 3. 9 4
P u bi ot o m y t o assist d eli v er y
7 3. 9 9
Ot h er o p er ati o ns assisti n g d eli v er y
A p p e n di x A

7 4. 0
Cl assi c al c esar ea n s ecti o n
7 4. 1
L o w c er vi c al c esar ea n s ecti o n
7 4. 2
Extr a p erit o n eal c esar ea n s ecti o n
7 4. 3
R e m o v al of extr at u b al ect o pi c pr eg n a nc y
7 4. 4
C esar ea n s ecti o n of ot h er s p ecifi e d t y p e
7 4. 9
C esar ea n s ecti o n of u ns p ecifi e d t y p e
7 4. 9 1
H yst er ot o m y t o t er mi n at e pr eg n a nc y
7 4. 9 9
Ot h er c esar ea n s ecti o n of u ns p ecifi e d t y p e
7 5. 4
Ma n u al r e m o v al of r et ai n e d pl ac e nt a
7 5. 5
R e p air of c urr e nt o bst etri c l ac er ati o n of ut er us
7 5. 6
R e p air of ot h er c urr e nt o bst etri c l ac er ati o n
7 5. 7
Ma n u al ex pl or ati o n of ut eri n e c avit y, p ost p art u m
7 5. 9
Ot h er o bst etri c o p er ati o ns
A p p e n di x A

AF T E R PS M A T C HI N G
B E F O R E PS M A T C HI N G
O pt u m
M ar k et Sc a n
M e dic ar e
T h e c- st ati sti c s f or t h e pr o p e n sit y s c or e m o d el, pr e- m at c hi n g w a s
0. 9 4. T h e p o st- m at c hi n g c- st ati sti c w a s 0. 5 7 5.
T h e c- st ati sti c s f or t h e pr o p e n sit y s c or e m o d el, pr e- m at c hi n g w a s
0. 8 8 5. T h e p o st- m at c hi n g c- st ati sti c w a s 0. 5 5 7.
T h e c- st ati sti c s f or t h e pr o p e n sit y s c or e m o d el, pr e- m at c hi n g w a s
0. 8 9 8. T h e p o st- m at c hi n g c- st ati sti c w a s 0. 5 6 4
A p pe n di x B

Variable
 Reference- warfarin Copy 
 Exposure - rivaroxaban 
(15 or 20 mg) Copy 
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copy oxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copy 15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff.  Reference- warfarin Copy 
 Exposure - rivaroxaban 
(15 or 20 mg) Copy 
St. Diff.
Number of patients
10,936 
6,448 
23,040
 
9,405
 
32,895
 
16,223
 
66,871 
32,076 
Age
...mean (sd)
62.06 (15.66)
60.27 (15.40)
0.12
55.59 (15.02)
53.61 (14.45)
0.13
75.46 (7.25)
74.46 (6.75)
0.14
66.42 (11.99)
65.49 (11.49)
0.08
...median [IQR]
65.00 [51.00, 74.00]
62.00 [50.00, 72.00]
0.19
56.00 [46.00, 64.00]
54.00 [44.00, 63.00]
0.14
74.00 [69.00, 80.00]3.00 [69.00, 79.00]
0.14
66.33 (11.99)
65.22 (11.49)
0.09
Age categories without zero category
...18 - 54; n (%)
3,304 (30.2%)
2,172 (33.7%)
-0.08
10,427 (45.3%)
4,739 (50.4%)
-0.10
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
13,731 (20.5%)
6911 (21.5%)
-0.02
...55 - 64; n (%)
2,163 (19.8%)
1,354 (21.0%)
-0.03
7,017 (30.5%)
2,874 (30.6%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
9,180 (13.7%)
4,228 (13.2%)
0.01
...65 - 74; n (%)
2,869 (26.2%)
1,739 (27.0%)
-0.02
2,972 (12.9%)
1,055 (11.2%)
0.05
16,795 (51.1%)
9,117 (56.2%)
-0.10
22,636 (33.9%)
11,911 (37.1%)
-0.07
...>= 75; n (%)
2,600 (23.8%)
1,183 (18.3%)
0.14
2,624 (11.4%)
737 (7.8%)
0.12
16,100 (48.9%)
7,106 (43.8%)
0.10
21,324 (31.9%)
9,026 (28.1%)
0.08
Gender without zero category- United
...Males; n (%)
4,959 (45.3%)
3,037 (47.1%)
-0.04
11,080 (48.1%)
4,697 (49.9%)
-0.04
12,293 (37.4%)
6,712 (41.4%)
-0.08
28,332 (42.4%)
14,446 (45.0%)
-0.05
...Females; n (%)
5,976 (54.6%)
3,410 (52.9%)
0.03
11,960 (51.9%)
4,708 (50.1%)
0.04
20,602 (62.6%)
9,511 (58.6%)
0.08
38,538 (57.6%)
17,629 (55.0%)
0.05
Race 
...White; n (%)
28,783 (87.5%)
14,127 (87.1%)
0.01
28,783 (87.5%)
14,127 (87.1%)
0.01
...Black; n (%)
2,966 (9.0%)
1,433 (8.8%)
0.01
2,966 (9.0%)
1,433 (8.8%)
0.01
...Asian; n (%)
194 (0.6%)
121 (0.7%)
-0.01
194 (0.6%)
121 (0.7%)
-0.01
...Hispanic; n (%)
394 (1.2%)
177 (1.1%)
0.01
394 (1.2%)
177 (1.1%)
0.01
...North American Native; n (%)
97 (0.3%)
46 (0.3%)
0.00
97 (0.3%)
46 (0.3%)
0.00
...Other/Unknown; n (%)
461 (1.4%)
319 (2.0%)
-0.05
461 (1.4%)
319 (2.0%)
-0.05
Region without zero category 
...Northeast; n (%)
1,069 (9.8%)
661 (10.3%)
-0.02
4,222 (18.3%)
1,713 (18.2%)
0.00
5,743 (17.5%)
2,841 (17.5%)
0.00
11034 (16.5%)
5,215 (16.3%)
0.01
...South; n (%)
3,790 (34.7%)
2,716 (42.1%)
-0.15
6,557 (28.5%)
2,460 (26.2%)
0.05
11,036 (33.5%)
6,415 (39.5%)
-0.12
21,383 (32.0%)
11,591 (36.1%)
-0.09
...Midwest; n (%)
3,255 (29.8%)
1,713 (26.6%)
0.07
7,804 (33.9%)
4,013 (42.7%)
-0.18
9,920 (30.2%)
4,033 (24.9%)
0.12
20,979 (31.4%)
9,759 (30.4%)
0.02
...West; n (%)
2,822 (25.8%)
1,358 (21.1%)
0.11
4,149 (18.0%)
1,125 (12.0%)
0.17
6,157 (18.7%)
2,922 (18.0%)
0.02
13,128 (19.6%)
5,405 (16.9%)
0.07
...Unknown+missing; n (%)
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
308 (1.3%)
94 (1.0%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
308 (1.3%)
94 (1.0%)
0.03
CV Covariates
Ischemic heart disease; n (%)
1,887 (17.3%)
1,101 (17.1%)
0.01
2,748 (11.9%)
1,139 (12.1%)
-0.01
8,409 (25.6%)
3,988 (24.6%)
0.02
13,044 (19.5%)
6,228 (19.4%)
0.00
Acute MI; n (%)
396 (3.6%)
245 (3.8%)
-0.01
680 (3.0%)
297 (3.2%)
-0.01
1,323 (4.0%)
646 (4.0%)
0.00
2399 (3.6%)
1188 (3.7%)
-0.01
ACS/unstable angina; n (%)
90 (0.8%)
112 (1.7%)
-0.08
73 (0.3%)
105 (1.1%)
-0.10
308 (0.9%)
272 (1.7%)
-0.07
471 (0.7%)
489 (1.5%)
-0.08
Old MI; n (%)
320 (2.9%)
185 (2.9%)
0.00
338 (1.5%)
166 (1.8%)
-0.02
1,793 (5.5%)
751 (4.6%)
0.04
2451 (3.7%)
1102 (3.4%)
0.02
Stable angina; n (%)
216 (2.0%)
137 (2.1%)
-0.01
333 (1.4%)
160 (1.7%)
-0.02
801 (2.4%)
409 (2.5%)
-0.01
1350 (2.0%)
706 (2.2%)
-0.01
Coronary atherosclerosis and other forms of chronic 
ischemic heart disease; n (%)
1,447 (13.2%)
768 (11.9%)
0.04
1,990 (8.6%)
747 (7.9%)
0.03
7,049 (21.4%)
3,254 (20.1%)
0.03
10,486 (15.7%)
4,769 (14.9%)
0.02
Other atherosclerosis with ICD10 v2 Copy; n (%)
106 (1.0%)
43 (0.7%)
0.03
134 (0.6%)
43 (0.5%)
0.01
418 (1.3%)
163 (1.0%)
0.03
658 (1.0%)
249 (0.8%)
0.02
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) 
v4; n (%)
54 (0.5%)
14 (0.2%)
0.05
98 (0.4%)
27 (0.3%)
0.02
184 (0.6%)
77 (0.5%)
0.01
336 (0.5%)
118 (0.4%)
0.01
History of CABG or PTCA; n (%)
418 (3.8%)
252 (3.9%)
-0.01
312 (1.4%)
118 (1.3%)
0.01
2,843 (8.6%)
1,333 (8.2%)
0.01
3,573 (5.3%)
1,703 (5.3%)
0.00
Any stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Ischemic stroke (w and w/o mention of cerebral 
infarction); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Hemorrhagic stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
000 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
TIA; n (%)
96 (0.9%)
61 (0.9%)
0.00
137 (0.6%)
57 (0.6%)
0.00
350 (1.1%)
153 (0.9%)
0.02
583 (0.9%)
271 (0.8%)
0.01
Other cerebrovascular disease; n (%)
173 (1.6%)
60 (0.9%)
0.06
180 (0.8%)
61 (0.6%)
0.02
748 (2.3%)
273 (1.7%)
0.04
1101 (1.6%)
394 (1.2%)
0.03
Cerebrovascular procedure; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
Heart failure (CHF); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) or PVD Surgery v2; 
n (%)
513 (4.7%)
289 (4.5%)
0.01
690 (3.0%)
266 (2.8%)
0.01
2,261 (6.9%)
996 (6.1%)
0.03
3,464 (5.2%)
1,551 (4.8%)
0.02
Atrial fibrillation; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Other cardiac dysrhythmia; n (%)
1,679 (15.4%)
849 (13.2%)
0.06
3,124 (13.6%)
1,204 (12.8%)
0.02
5,727 (17.4%)
2,406 (14.8%)
0.07
10,530 (15.7%)
4,459 (13.9%)
0.05
Cardiac conduction disorders; n (%)
714 (6.5%)
411 (6.4%)
0.00
857 (3.7%)
389 (4.1%)
-0.02
2,701 (8.2%)
1,281 (7.9%)
0.01
4272 (6.4%)
2081 (6.5%)
0.00
Other CVD; n (%)
2,738 (25.0%)
1,629 (25.3%)
-0.01
4,454 (19.3%)
1,993 (21.2%)
-0.05
7,925 (24.1%)
4,007 (24.7%)
-0.01
15,117 (22.6%)
7,629 (23.8%)
-0.03
Diabetes-related complications
Occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy v2 Copy; n (%)
438 (4.0%)
259 (4.0%)
0.00
465 (2.0%)
200 (2.1%)
-0.01
1,258 (3.8%)
573 (3.5%)
0.02
2161 (3.2%)
1032 (3.2%)
0.00
Occurrence of diabetic nephropathy V3 with ICD10 
Copy; n (%)
235 (2.1%)
147 (2.3%)
-0.01
236 (1.0%)
95 (1.0%)
0.00
635 (1.9%)
292 (1.8%)
0.01
1,106 (1.7%)
534 (1.7%)
0.00
Hypoglycemia v2; n (%)
129 (1.2%)
27 (0.4%)
0.09
210 (0.9%)
51 (0.5%)
0.05
589 (1.8%)
278 (1.7%)
0.01
928 (1.4%)
356 (1.1%)
0.03
Hyperglycemia; n (%)
777 (7.1%)
496 (7.7%)
-0.02
938 (4.1%)
451 (4.8%)
-0.03
2,693 (8.2%)
1,480 (9.1%)
-0.03
4408 (6.6%)
2427 (7.6%)
-0.04
Diabetic ketoacidosis; n (%)
33 (0.3%)
21 (0.3%)
0.00
67 (0.3%)
26 (0.3%)
0.00
78 (0.2%)
25 (0.2%)
0.00
178 (0.3%)
72 (0.2%)
0.02
Hypertension: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims 
within 365 days; n (%)
6,750 (61.7%)
3,702 (57.4%)
0.09
11,057 (48.0%)
4,458 (47.4%)
0.01
26,870 (81.7%)
12,798 (78.9%)
0.07
44,677 (66.8%)
20,958 (65.3%)
0.03
Hyperlipidemia v2; n (%)
5,170 (47.3%)
2,834 (44.0%)
0.07
7,362 (32.0%)
3,147 (33.5%)
-0.03
20,106 (61.1%)
9,762 (60.2%)
0.02
32,638 (48.8%)
15,743 (49.1%)
-0.01
Edema; n (%)
1,721 (15.7%)
1,080 (16.7%)
-0.03
2,586 (11.2%)
1,243 (13.2%)
-0.06
4,315 (13.1%)
1,982 (12.2%)
0.03
8622 (12.9%)
4305 (13.4%)
-0.01
Renal Dysfunction (non-diabetic) v2; n (%)
2,375 (21.7%)
1,172 (18.2%)
0.09
3,055 (13.3%)
1,084 (11.5%)
0.05
8,504 (25.9%)
3,405 (21.0%)
0.12
13,934 (20.8%)
5,661 (17.6%)
0.08
Occurrence of acute renal disease v2; n (%)
1,071 (9.8%)
496 (7.7%)
0.07
1,396 (6.1%)
536 (5.7%)
0.02
3,560 (10.8%)
1,440 (8.9%)
0.06
6027 (9.0%)
2472 (7.7%)
0.05
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency; n (%)
1,209 (11.1%)
537 (8.3%)
0.09
1,164 (5.1%)
349 (3.7%)
0.07
4,943 (15.0%)
1,729 (10.7%)
0.13
7,316 (10.9%)
2,615 (8.2%)
0.09
Chronic kidney disease v2; n (%)
1,170 (10.7%)
512 (7.9%)
0.10
1,088 (4.7%)
323 (3.4%)
0.07
4,739 (14.4%)
1,645 (10.1%)
0.13
6,997 (10.5%)
2,480 (7.7%)
0.10
CKD Stage 3-4; n (%)
714 (6.5%)
311 (4.8%)
0.07
599 (2.6%)
178 (1.9%)
0.05
2,836 (8.6%)
999 (6.2%)
0.09
4,149 (6.2%)
1,488 (4.6%)
0.07
Occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy; n (%)
792 (7.2%)
325 (5.0%)
0.09
706 (3.1%)
213 (2.3%)
0.05
3,862 (11.7%)
1,288 (7.9%)
0.13
5,360 (8.0%)
1,826 (5.7%)
0.09
Occurrence of miscellaneous renal insufficiency v2; n 
(%)
927 (8.5%)
463 (7.2%)
0.05
1,292 (5.6%)
439 (4.7%)
0.04
3,000 (9.1%)
1,209 (7.5%)
0.06
5,219 (7.8%)
2,111 (6.6%)
0.05
Other Covariates
Unmatched
Optum
MarketScan
Medicare
POOLED
Appendix B

Liver disease; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Osteoarthritis; n (%)
2,875 (26.3%)
1,680 (26.1%)
0.00
4,249 (18.4%)
1,779 (18.9%)
-0.01
11,602 (35.3%)
5,806 (35.8%)
-0.01
18726 (28.0%)
9265 (28.9%)
-0.02
Other arthritis, arthropathies and musculoskeletal 
pain; n (%)
7,107 (65.0%)
4,067 (63.1%)
0.04
13,537 (58.8%)
5,724 (60.9%)
-0.04
19,911 (60.5%)
9,597 (59.2%)
0.03
40555 (60.6%)
19388 (60.4%)
0.00
Dorsopathies; n (%)
3,652 (33.4%)
2,195 (34.0%)
-0.01
6,396 (27.8%)
2,672 (28.4%)
-0.01
11,170 (34.0%)
5,322 (32.8%)
0.03
21218 (31.7%)
10189 (31.8%)
0.00
Fractures; n (%)
962 (8.8%)
558 (8.7%)
0.00
1,761 (7.6%)
632 (6.7%)
0.03
3,146 (9.6%)
1,424 (8.8%)
0.03
5869 (8.8%)
2614 (8.1%)
0.03
Falls v2; n (%)
771 (7.1%)
477 (7.4%)
-0.01
434 (1.9%)
267 (2.8%)
-0.06
1,170 (3.6%)
542 (3.3%)
0.02
2375 (3.6%)
1286 (4.0%)
-0.02
Osteoporosis; n (%)
857 (7.8%)
380 (5.9%)
0.08
787 (3.4%)
246 (2.6%)
0.05
4,514 (13.7%)
1,960 (12.1%)
0.05
6158 (9.2%)
2586 (8.1%)
0.04
Depression; n (%)
2,091 (19.1%)
1,156 (17.9%)
0.03
3,206 (13.9%)
1,262 (13.4%)
0.01
6,138 (18.7%)
2,809 (17.3%)
0.04
11435 (17.1%)
5227 (16.3%)
0.02
Anxiety; n (%)
1,816 (16.6%)
1,276 (19.8%)
-0.08
2,689 (11.7%)
1,354 (14.4%)
-0.08
5,310 (16.1%)
2,627 (16.2%)
0.00
9815 (14.7%)
5257 (16.4%)
-0.05
Sleep_Disorder; n (%)
1,580 (14.4%)
476 (7.4%)
0.23
2,974 (12.9%)
935 (9.9%)
0.09
4,052 (12.3%)
1,350 (8.3%)
0.13
8606 (12.9%)
2761 (8.6%)
0.14
Dementia; n (%)
660 (6.0%)
344 (5.3%)
0.03
481 (2.1%)
195 (2.1%)
0.00
3,564 (10.8%)
1,522 (9.4%)
0.05
4705 (7.0%)
2061 (6.4%)
0.02
Delirium; n (%)
341 (3.1%)
154 (2.4%)
0.04
378 (1.6%)
152 (1.6%)
0.00
1,162 (3.5%)
469 (2.9%)
0.03
1881 (2.8%)
775 (2.4%)
0.03
Psychosis; n (%)
264 (2.4%)
120 (1.9%)
0.03
262 (1.1%)
94 (1.0%)
0.01
893 (2.7%)
364 (2.2%)
0.03
1419 (2.1%)
578 (1.8%)
0.02
Obesity; n (%)
3,062 (28.0%)
2,069 (32.1%)
-0.09
5,195 (22.5%)
2,601 (27.7%)
-0.12
7,385 (22.5%)
3,582 (22.1%)
0.01
15642 (23.4%)
8252 (25.7%)
-0.05
Overweight; n (%)
338 (3.1%)
375 (5.8%)
-0.13
319 (1.4%)
336 (3.6%)
-0.14
1,166 (3.5%)
748 (4.6%)
-0.06
1823 (2.7%)
1459 (4.5%)
-0.10
Smoking; n (%)
2,998 (27.4%)
2,157 (33.5%)
-0.13
3,459 (15.0%)
1,640 (17.4%)
-0.07
11,425 (34.7%)
6,267 (38.6%)
-0.08
17882 (26.7%)
10064 (31.4%)
-0.10
Alcohol abuse or dependence; n (%)
259 (2.4%)
151 (2.3%)
0.01
423 (1.8%)
199 (2.1%)
-0.02
283 (0.9%)
270 (1.7%)
-0.07
965 (1.4%)
620 (1.9%)
-0.04
Drug abuse or dependence; n (%)
311 (2.8%)
223 (3.5%)
-0.04
410 (1.8%)
187 (2.0%)
-0.01
276 (0.8%)
187 (1.2%)
-0.04
997 (1.5%)
597 (1.9%)
-0.03
COPD; n (%)
1,833 (16.8%)
973 (15.1%)
0.05
2,312 (10.0%)
894 (9.5%)
0.02
7,353 (22.4%)
3,421 (21.1%)
0.03
11498 (17.2%)
5288 (16.5%)
0.02
Asthma; n (%)
1,395 (12.8%)
775 (12.0%)
0.02
2,390 (10.4%)
1,048 (11.1%)
-0.02
3,700 (11.2%)
1,853 (11.4%)
-0.01
7485 (11.2%)
3676 (11.5%)
-0.01
Obstructive sleep apnea; n (%)
1,392 (12.7%)
846 (13.1%)
-0.01
2,397 (10.4%)
1,187 (12.6%)
-0.07
3,411 (10.4%)
1,712 (10.6%)
-0.01
7200 (10.8%)
3745 (11.7%)
-0.03
Pneumonia; n (%)
1,796 (16.4%)
989 (15.3%)
0.03
3,434 (14.9%)
1,343 (14.3%)
0.02
5,572 (16.9%)
2,491 (15.4%)
0.04
10802 (16.2%)
4823 (15.0%)
0.03
Other Medications
Use of ACE inhibitors; n (%)
2,648 (24.2%)
1,294 (20.1%)
0.10
4,813 (20.9%)
1,698 (18.1%)
0.07
10,148 (30.8%)
4,664 (28.7%)
0.05
17609 (26.3%)
7656 (23.9%)
0.06
Use of ARBs; n (%)
1,386 (12.7%)
923 (14.3%)
-0.05
2,855 (12.4%)
1,146 (12.2%)
0.01
6,221 (18.9%)
3,261 (20.1%)
-0.03
10462 (15.6%)
5330 (16.6%)
-0.03
Use of Loop Diuretics - United; n (%)
917 (8.4%)
405 (6.3%)
0.08
1,580 (6.9%)
503 (5.3%)
0.07
4,381 (13.3%)
1,780 (11.0%)
0.07
6878 (10.3%)
2688 (8.4%)
0.07
Use of other diuretics- United; n (%)
140 (1.3%)
82 (1.3%)
0.00
316 (1.4%)
119 (1.3%)
0.01
625 (1.9%)
279 (1.7%)
0.02
1081 (1.6%)
480 (1.5%)
0.01
Use of nitrates-United; n (%)
291 (2.7%)
128 (2.0%)
0.05
471 (2.0%)
141 (1.5%)
0.04
1,680 (5.1%)
709 (4.4%)
0.03
2442 (3.7%)
978 (3.0%)
0.04
Use of other hypertension drugs; n (%)
467 (4.3%)
203 (3.1%)
0.06
755 (3.3%)
242 (2.6%)
0.04
1,947 (5.9%)
854 (5.3%)
0.03
3169 (4.7%)
1299 (4.0%)
0.03
Use of Anti-arrhythmics; n (%)
24 (0.2%)
13 (0.2%)
0.00
70 (0.3%)
19 (0.2%)
0.02
118 (0.4%)
49 (0.3%)
0.02
212 (0.3%)
81 (0.3%)
0.00
Use of COPD/asthma meds- United; n (%)
1,985 (18.2%)
1,117 (17.3%)
0.02
4,137 (18.0%)
1,708 (18.2%)
-0.01
7,383 (22.4%)
3,707 (22.9%)
-0.01
13505 (20.2%)
6532 (20.4%)
0.00
Use of statins; n (%)
3,339 (30.5%)
1,881 (29.2%)
0.03
5,891 (25.6%)
2,195 (23.3%)
0.05
14,704 (44.7%)
7,286 (44.9%)
0.00
23934 (35.8%)
11362 (35.4%)
0.01
Use of other lipid-lowering drugs; n (%)
650 (5.9%)
305 (4.7%)
0.05
1,443 (6.3%)
464 (4.9%)
0.06
2,506 (7.6%)
1,182 (7.3%)
0.01
4599 (6.9%)
1951 (6.1%)
0.03
Use of antiplatelet agents; n (%)
402 (3.7%)
251 (3.9%)
-0.01
974 (4.2%)
341 (3.6%)
0.03
2,429 (7.4%)
1,076 (6.6%)
0.03
3805 (5.7%)
1668 (5.2%)
0.02
Use of heparin and other low-molecular weight 
heparins; n (%)
5,843 (53.4%)
209 (3.2%)
1.34
19 (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
15,058 (45.8%)
487 (3.0%)
1.15
20920 (31.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of NSAIDs; n (%)
2,235 (20.4%)
1,367 (21.2%)
-0.02
4,992 (21.7%)
2,348 (25.0%)
-0.08
6,301 (19.2%)
3,269 (20.2%)
-0.03
13528 (20.2%)
6984 (21.8%)
-0.04
Use of oral corticosteroids; n (%)
2,937 (26.9%)
1,838 (28.5%)
-0.04
6,039 (26.2%)
2,595 (27.6%)
-0.03
10,634 (32.3%)
5,310 (32.7%)
-0.01
19610 (29.3%)
9743 (30.4%)
-0.02
Use of bisphosphonate (United); n (%)
377 (3.4%)
131 (2.0%)
0.09
396 (1.7%)
101 (1.1%)
0.05
1,572 (4.8%)
625 (3.9%)
0.04
2345 (3.5%)
857 (2.7%)
0.05
Use of opioids- United; n (%)
5,636 (51.5%)
3,020 (46.8%)
0.09
12,644 (54.9%)
4,824 (51.3%)
0.07
15,530 (47.2%)
7,363 (45.4%)
0.04
33810 (50.6%)
15207 (47.4%)
0.06
Use of antidepressants; n (%)
2,945 (26.9%)
1,722 (26.7%)
0.00
5,760 (25.0%)
2,242 (23.8%)
0.03
9,959 (30.3%)
4,877 (30.1%)
0.00
18664 (27.9%)
8841 (27.6%)
0.01
Use of antipsychotics; n (%)
480 (4.4%)
309 (4.8%)
-0.02
807 (3.5%)
331 (3.5%)
0.00
1,719 (5.2%)
842 (5.2%)
0.00
3006 (4.5%)
1482 (4.6%)
0.00
Labs
33,976 
15,853 
Lab values- HbA1c (%) v3; n (%)
881 (8.1%)
779 (12.1%)
-0.13
205 (0.9%)
83 (0.9%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,086 (3.2%)
862 (5.4%)
-0.11
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 3 months) v3; n (%)
565 (5.2%)
499 (7.7%)
-0.10
150 (0.7%)
64 (0.7%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
715 (2.1%)
563 (3.6%)
-0.09
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 6 months) v3; n (%)
881 (8.1%)
779 (12.1%)
-0.13
205 (0.9%)
83 (0.9%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,086 (3.2%)
862 (5.4%)
-0.11
Lab values- BNP; n (%)
96 (0.9%)
85 (1.3%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 3 months); n (%)
89 (0.8%)
79 (1.2%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 6 months); n (%)
96 (0.9%)
85 (1.3%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl); n (%)
2,195 (20.1%)
1,688 (26.2%)
-0.15
208 (0.9%)
118 (1.3%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
2,403 (7.1%)
1,806 (11.4%)
-0.15
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
1,542 (14.1%)
1,182 (18.3%)
-0.11
153 (0.7%)
85 (0.9%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,695 (5.0%)
1,267 (8.0%)
-0.12
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
2,195 (20.1%)
1,688 (26.2%)
-0.15
208 (0.9%)
118 (1.3%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
2,403 (7.1%)
1,806 (11.4%)
-0.15
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
2,220 (20.3%)
1,758 (27.3%)
-0.16
216 (0.9%)
131 (1.4%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
2,436 (7.2%)
1,889 (11.9%)
-0.16
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; 
n (%)
1,561 (14.3%)
1,238 (19.2%)
-0.13
157 (0.7%)
92 (1.0%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,718 (5.1%)
1,330 (8.4%)
-0.13
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; 
n (%)
2,220 (20.3%)
1,758 (27.3%)
-0.16
216 (0.9%)
131 (1.4%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
2,436 (7.2%)
1,889 (11.9%)
-0.16
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl); n (%)
1,327 (12.1%)
1,026 (15.9%)
-0.11
186 (0.8%)
81 (0.9%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,513 (4.5%)
1,107 (7.0%)
-0.11
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
741 (6.8%)
580 (9.0%)
-0.08
117 (0.5%)
49 (0.5%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
858 (2.5%)
629 (4.0%)
-0.08
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
1,327 (12.1%)
1,026 (15.9%)
-0.11
186 (0.8%)
81 (0.9%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,513 (4.5%)
1,107 (7.0%)
-0.11
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
1,373 (12.6%)
1,055 (16.4%)
-0.11
200 (0.9%)
81 (0.9%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,573 (4.6%)
1,136 (7.2%)
-0.11
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; n 
(%)
762 (7.0%)
599 (9.3%)
-0.08
127 (0.6%)
49 (0.5%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
889 (2.6%)
648 (4.1%)
-0.08
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; n 
(%)
1,373 (12.6%)
1,055 (16.4%)
-0.11
200 (0.9%)
81 (0.9%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,573 (4.6%)
1,136 (7.2%)
-0.11
Lab values- NT-proBNP; n (%)
29 (0.3%)
22 (0.3%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
29 (0.1%)
22 (0.1%)
0.00
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 3 months); n (%)
29 (0.3%)
22 (0.3%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
29 (0.1%)
22 (0.1%)
-
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 6 months); n (%)
29 (0.3%)
22 (0.3%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
29 (0.1%)
22 (0.1%)
-
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
1,352 (12.4%)
1,044 (16.2%)
-0.11
184 (0.8%)
82 (0.9%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,536 (4.5%)
1,126 (7.1%)
-0.11
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 3 
months) v2; n (%)
762 (7.0%)
595 (9.2%)
-0.08
119 (0.5%)
50 (0.5%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
881 (2.6%)
645 (4.1%)
-0.08
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 6 
months) v2; n (%)
1,352 (12.4%)
1,044 (16.2%)
-0.11
184 (0.8%)
82 (0.9%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,536 (4.5%)
1,126 (7.1%)
-0.11
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl); n (%)
1,335 (12.2%)
1,038 (16.1%)
-0.11
177 (0.8%)
80 (0.9%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,512 (4.5%)
1,118 (7.1%)
-0.11
Appendix B

Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 3 
months); n (%)
753 (6.9%)
590 (9.2%)
-0.08
110 (0.5%)
49 (0.5%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
863 (2.5%)
639 (4.0%)
-0.08
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 6 
months); n (%)
1,335 (12.2%)
1,038 (16.1%)
-0.11
177 (0.8%)
80 (0.9%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,512 (4.5%)
1,118 (7.1%)
-0.11
Lab result number- HbA1c (%) mean (only 2 to 20 
included) v4
876
 
776
 
164
 
80
 
N/A
N/A
1,040 
856 
...mean (sd)
6.67 (1.48)
6.52 (1.50)
0.10
7.09 (1.41)
7.06 (1.75)
0.02
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
6.74 (1.47)
6.57 (1.53)
0.11
...Missing; n (%)
10,060 (92.0%)
5,672 (88.0%)
0.13
22,876 (99.3%)
9,325 (99.1%)
0.02
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
32,936 (96.9%)
14,997 (94.6%)
0.11
Lab result number- BNP mean v2
96
 
85
 
8 
6 
N/A
N/A
104 
91 
...mean (sd)
83.18 (129.35)
114.60 (175.32)
-0.20
70.15 (59.71)
47.52 (53.77)
0.40
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
82.18 (126.43)
110.18 (171.77)
-0.19
...Missing; n (%)
10,840 (99.1%)
6,363 (98.7%)
0.04
23,032 (100.0%)
9,399 (99.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
33,872 (99.7%)
15,762 (99.4%)
0.04
Lab result number- BUN (mg/dl) mean v2
2,195 
1,688 
208 
118 
N/A
N/A
2,403 
1,806 
...mean (sd)
17.31 (6.76)
16.03 (5.52)
0.21
1,651.89 (16,887.31)
1,033.14 (11,045.39)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
158.80 (4959.53)
82.49 (2813.69)
0.02
...Missing; n (%)
8,741 (79.9%)
4,760 (73.8%)
0.15
22,832 (99.1%)
9,287 (98.7%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,573 (92.9%)
14,047 (88.6%)
0.15
Lab result number- Creatinine (mg/dl) mean (only 0.1 
to 15 included) v3
2,195 
1,735 
206 
129 
N/A
N/A
2,401 
1,864 
...mean (sd)
0.97 (0.30)
0.94 (0.23)
0.11
1.00 (0.33)
0.95 (0.24)
0.17
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
0.97 (0.30)
0.94 (0.23)
0.11
...Missing; n (%)
8,741 (79.9%)
4,713 (73.1%)
0.16
22,834 (99.1%)
9,276 (98.6%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,575 (92.9%)
13,989 (88.2%)
0.16
Lab result number- HDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
1,327 
1,026 
185 
80 
N/A
N/A
1,512 
1,106 
...mean (sd)
53.56 (16.61)
52.84 (16.18)
0.04
47.72 (21.06)
49.04 (15.24)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
52.85 (17.22)
52.57 (16.12)
0.02
...Missing; n (%)
9,609 (87.9%)
5,422 (84.1%)
0.11
22,855 (99.2%)
9,325 (99.1%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
32,464 (95.5%)
14,747 (93.0%)
0.11
Lab result number- LDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
1,353 
1,033 
176 
76 
N/A
N/A
1,529 
1,109 
...mean (sd)
102.31 (36.16)
106.34 (37.86)
-0.11
94.29 (41.51)
103.08 (42.40)
-0.21
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
101.39 (36.82)
106.12 (38.20)
-0.13
...Missing; n (%)
9,583 (87.6%)
5,415 (84.0%)
0.10
22,864 (99.2%)
9,329 (99.2%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
32,447 (95.5%)
14,744 (93.0%)
0.11
Lab result number- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
1,349 
1,042 
183 
81 
N/A
N/A
1,532 
1,123 
...mean (sd)
185.42 (39.77)
188.13 (42.80)
-0.07
178.14 (56.57)
184.42 (43.66)
-0.12
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
184.55 (42.13)
187.86 (42.88)
-0.08
...Missing; n (%)
9,587 (87.7%)
5,406 (83.8%)
0.11
22,857 (99.2%)
9,324 (99.1%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
32,444 (95.5%)
14,730 (92.9%)
0.11
Lab result number- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
1,335 
1,038 
176 
79 
N/A
N/A
1,511 
1,117 
...mean (sd)
140.09 (77.34)
141.14 (97.23)
-0.01
160.11 (109.08)
146.12 (89.21)
0.14
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
142.42 (81.68)
141.49 (96.73)
0.01
...Missing; n (%)
9,601 (87.8%)
5,410 (83.9%)
0.11
22,864 (99.2%)
9,326 (99.2%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
32,465 (95.6%)
14,736 (93.0%)
0.11
Lab result number- Hemoglobin mean (only >0 
included)
1,839 
1,402 
151 
100 
N/A
N/A
1,990 
1,502 
...mean (sd)
13.53 (1.77)
13.58 (1.78)
-0.03
1,820.49 (15,673.46)
1,503.13 (14,898.67)
0.02
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
150.64 (4306.37)
112.75 (3828.81)
0.01
...Missing; n (%)
9,097 (83.2%)
5,046 (78.3%)
0.12
22,889 (99.3%)
9,305 (98.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,986 (94.1%)
14,351 (90.5%)
0.14
Lab result number- Serum sodium mean (only > 90 
and < 190 included)
2,155 
1,663 
179 
121 
N/A
N/A
2,334 
1,784 
...mean (sd)
139.90 (2.72)
140.21 (2.61)
-0.12
139.33 (2.67)
139.44 (2.48)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
139.86 (2.72)
140.16 (2.60)
-0.11
...Missing; n (%)
8,781 (80.3%)
4,785 (74.2%)
0.15
22,861 (99.2%)
9,284 (98.7%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,642 (93.1%)
14,069 (88.7%)
0.15
Lab result number- Albumin mean (only >0 and <=10 
included)
1,961 
1,522 
153 
97 
N/A
N/A
2,114 
1,619 
...mean (sd)
4.09 (0.37)
4.14 (0.37)
-0.14
3.86 (0.90)
4.11 (0.56)
-0.33
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4.07 (0.43)
4.14 (0.38)
-0.17
...Missing; n (%)
8,975 (82.1%)
4,926 (76.4%)
0.14
22,887 (99.3%)
9,308 (99.0%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,862 (93.8%)
14,234 (89.8%)
0.15
Lab result number- Glucose (fasting or random) mean 
(only 10-1000 included)
2,115 
1,640 
168 
125 
N/A
N/A
2,283 
1,765 
...mean (sd)
111.04 (41.01)
110.68 (40.33)
0.01
134.34 (55.53)
141.41 (91.92)
-0.09
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
112.75 (42.25)
112.86 (45.91)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
8,821 (80.7%)
4,808 (74.6%)
0.15
22,872 (99.3%)
9,280 (98.7%)
0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,693 (93.3%)
14,088 (88.9%)
0.15
Lab result number- Potassium mean (only 1-7 
included)
2,197 
1,722 
198 
114 
N/A
N/A
2,395 
1,836 
...mean (sd)
4.30 (0.42)
4.35 (0.41)
-0.12
4.30 (0.36)
4.28 (0.38)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4.30 (0.42)
4.35 (0.41)
-0.12
...Missing; n (%)
8,739 (79.9%)
4,726 (73.3%)
0.16
22,842 (99.1%)
9,291 (98.8%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
31,581 (93.0%)
14,017 (88.4%)
0.16
Comorbidity Scores
Combined comorbidity score, 365 days Copy
...mean (sd)
2.25 (2.33)
2.73 (2.22)
-0.21
1.41 (1.99)
1.88 (1.99)
-0.24
2.36 (2.34)
2.51 (2.28)
-0.06
2.01 (2.22)
2.37 (2.19)
-0.16
Non-Frailty; n (%)
5,267 (48.2%)
3,125 (48.5%)
-0.01
9,522 (41.3%)
4,016 (42.7%)
-0.03
1,353 (4.1%)
507 (3.1%)
0.05
16,142 (24.1%)
7,648 (23.8%)
0.01
Frailty Score (mean): Empirical Version 365 days, v2
...mean (sd)
0.18 (0.06)
0.17 (0.06)
0.17
0.16 (0.05)
0.16 (0.05)
0.00
0.10 (0.07)
0.08 (0.06)
0.31
0.13 (0.06)
0.12 (0.06)
0.17
Healthcare Utilization
Any hospitalization; n (%)
10,386 (95.0%)
5,867 (91.0%)
0.16
23,039 (100.0%)
9,405 (100.0%)
#DIV/0!
31,398 (95.4%)
14,394 (88.7%)
0.25
64,823 (96.9%)
29,666 (92.5%)
0.20
Any hospitalization within prior 30 days; n (%)
10,182 (93.1%)
5,761 (89.3%)
0.13
22,949 (99.6%)
9,381 (99.7%)
-0.02
31,156 (94.7%)
14,174 (87.4%)
0.26
64287 (96.1%)
29316 (91.4%)
0.20
Any hospitalization during prior 31-180 days; n (%)
1,130 (10.3%)
570 (8.8%)
0.05
2,018 (8.8%)
685 (7.3%)
0.06
4,474 (13.6%)
1,925 (11.9%)
0.05
7622 (11.4%)
3180 (9.9%)
0.05
Internal medicine/family medicine visits; n (%)
9,617 (87.9%)
5,557 (86.2%)
0.05
17,146 (74.4%)
7,369 (78.4%)
-0.09
31,976 (97.2%)
15,692 (96.7%)
0.03
58739 (87.8%)
28618 (89.2%)
-0.04
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (30 days 
prior) v2; n (%)
8,754 (80.0%)
4,965 (77.0%)
0.07
12,150 (52.7%)
5,278 (56.1%)
-0.07
30,917 (94.0%)
15,037 (92.7%)
0.05
51821 (77.5%)
25280 (78.8%)
-0.03
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (31 to 180 
days prior) v2; n (%)
6,709 (61.3%)
3,740 (58.0%)
0.07
13,848 (60.1%)
5,879 (62.5%)
-0.05
23,994 (72.9%)
11,647 (71.8%)
0.02
44551 (66.6%)
21266 (66.3%)
0.01
Cardiologist visit; n (%)
7,333 (67.1%)
4,602 (71.4%)
-0.09
5,677 (24.6%)
2,412 (25.6%)
-0.02
23,928 (72.7%)
11,816 (72.8%)
0.00
36938 (55.2%)
18830 (58.7%)
-0.07
Number of Cardiologist visits (30 days prior); n (%)
6,782 (62.0%)
4,321 (67.0%)
-0.10
3,914 (17.0%)
1,712 (18.2%)
-0.03
21,746 (66.1%)
10,824 (66.7%)
-0.01
32442 (48.5%)
16857 (52.6%)
-0.08
Number of Cardiologist visits (31 to 180 days prior); 
n (%)
1,801 (16.5%)
1,015 (15.7%)
0.02
2,586 (11.2%)
1,016 (10.8%)
0.01
8,054 (24.5%)
3,822 (23.6%)
0.02
12441 (18.6%)
5853 (18.2%)
0.01
Electrocardiogram v2; n (%)
9,068 (82.9%)
5,511 (85.5%)
-0.07
11,511 (50.0%)
4,535 (48.2%)
0.04
28,595 (86.9%)
14,289 (88.1%)
-0.04
49174 (73.5%)
24335 (75.9%)
-0.06
Use of glucose test strips; n (%)
137 (1.3%)
75 (1.2%)
0.01
213 (0.9%)
65 (0.7%)
0.02
393 (1.2%)
196 (1.2%)
0.00
743 (1.1%)
336 (1.0%)
0.01
Dialysis; n (%)
** (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0.04
15 (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
15 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Appendix B

number of different/distinct medication 
prescriptions
...mean (sd)
8.99 (5.19)
8.21 (5.39)
0.15
8.84 (5.26)
8.08 (5.41)
0.14
10.02 (4.85)
9.34 (4.92)
0.14
9.44 (5.05)
8.74 (5.16)
0.00
Number of Hospitalizations
...mean (sd)
1.15 (0.58)
1.08 (0.60)
0.12
1.20 (0.54)
1.17 (0.49)
0.06
1.25 (0.69)
1.13 (0.69)
0.17
1.22 (0.62)
1.13 (0.62)
0.00
Number of hospital days
...mean (sd)
5.90 (4.96)
4.14 (4.04)
0.39
6.36 (5.37)
4.38 (4.12)
0.41
6.79 (5.61)
4.71 (4.84)
0.40
6.50 (5.43)
4.50 (4.48)
0.00
Number of Emergency Department (ED) visits v3
...mean (sd)
1.48 (2.03)
1.64 (2.60)
-0.07
2.38 (4.05)
3.03 (4.79)
-0.15
1.67 (1.89)
1.72 (1.95)
-0.03
1.88 (2.84)
2.09 (3.16)
0.00
Number of Office visits
...mean (sd)
5.09 (4.63)
5.06 (4.50)
0.01
4.91 (4.57)
4.81 (4.49)
0.02
12.87 (13.58)
13.50 (14.24)
-0.05
8.86 (10.07)
9.26 (10.61)
0.00
Number of internal medicine/family medicine visits
...mean (sd)
10.30 (14.53)
8.38 (11.56)
0.15
5.49 (9.54)
5.56 (8.69)
-0.01
12.43 (10.76)
10.74 (10.42)
0.16
9.69 (11.08)
8.75 (10.19)
0.00
Number of Cardiologist visits
...mean (sd)
2.16 (3.37)
2.17 (3.04)
0.00
0.62 (1.75)
0.62 (1.88)
0.00
2.70 (3.86)
2.65 (4.01)
0.01
1.90 (3.20)
1.96 (3.32)
0.00
Number electrocardiograms received v2
...mean (sd)
1.86 (1.92)
1.94 (1.89)
-0.04
0.85 (1.16)
0.84 (1.31)
0.01
1.98 (1.70)
2.07 (1.69)
-0.05
1.57 (1.58)
1.68 (1.63)
0.00
Number of HbA1c tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.27 (0.59)
0.31 (0.63)
-0.07
0.18 (0.49)
0.21 (0.51)
-0.06
0.34 (0.66)
0.36 (0.67)
-0.03
0.27 (0.59)
0.31 (0.62)
0.00
Number of glucose tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.17 (0.96)
0.20 (1.71)
-0.02
0.12 (0.65)
0.10 (0.70)
0.03
0.14 (0.57)
0.14 (0.55)
0.00
0.14 (0.68)
0.14 (0.94)
0.00
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.46 (0.71)
0.45 (0.88)
0.01
0.34 (0.71)
0.36 (0.78)
-0.03
0.54 (0.69)
0.56 (0.73)
-0.03
0.46 (0.70)
0.48 (0.78)
0.00
Total N distinct ICD9/ICD10 diagnoses at the 3rd 
digit level Copy
...mean (sd)
7.42 (9.86)
11.16 (11.73)
-0.35
5.13 (8.66)
7.50 (9.39)
-0.26
11.08 (11.96)
13.57 (12.42)
-0.20
8.43 (10.59)
11.31 (11.47)
0.00
For PS
Hemorrhagic stroke+Other cerebrovascular 
disease+Cerebrovascular procedure (for PS); n (%)
173 (1.6%)
60 (0.9%)
0.06
180 (0.8%)
61 (0.6%)
0.02
748 (2.3%)
273 (1.7%)
0.04
1101 (1.6%)
394 (1.2%)
0.03
immobilization; n (%)
780 (7.1%)
455 (7.1%)
#DIV/0!
1,525 (6.6%)
567 (6.0%)
#DIV/0!
2,026 (6.2%)
982 (6.1%)
#DIV/0!
1,525 (6.6%)
567 (6.0%)
0.02
Occurrence of creatinine tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
840 (7.7%)
422 (6.5%)
0.05
1,609 (7.0%)
497 (5.3%)
0.07
3,658 (11.1%)
1,608 (9.9%)
0.04
6107 (9.1%)
2527 (7.9%)
0.04
Occurrence of BUN tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
426 (3.9%)
179 (2.8%)
0.06
852 (3.7%)
261 (2.8%)
0.05
1,920 (5.8%)
811 (5.0%)
0.04
3198 (4.8%)
1251 (3.9%)
0.04
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency w/o CKD 
(for PS) v2; n (%)
635 (5.8%)
227 (3.5%)
0.11
613 (2.7%)
177 (1.9%)
0.05
2,501 (7.6%)
749 (4.6%)
0.13
3749 (5.6%)
1153 (3.6%)
0.10
Chronic kidney disease Stage 1-2 (for PS); n (%)
204 (1.9%)
124 (1.9%)
0.00
181 (0.8%)
65 (0.7%)
0.01
560 (1.7%)
260 (1.6%)
0.01
945 (1.4%)
449 (1.4%)
0.00
Chronic kidney disease Stage 3-6 (for PS); n (%)
714 (6.5%)
311 (4.8%)
0.07
599 (2.6%)
178 (1.9%)
0.05
2,836 (8.6%)
999 (6.2%)
0.09
4149 (6.2%)
1488 (4.6%)
0.07
Acute kidney injury; n (%)
1,115 (10.2%)
505 (7.8%)
#DIV/0!
1,462 (6.3%)
549 (5.8%)
#DIV/0!
3,684 (11.2%)
1,487 (9.2%)
#DIV/0!
1,462 (6.3%)
549 (5.8%)
0.02
Bladder stones+Kidney stones (for PS); n (%)
374 (3.4%)
185 (2.9%)
0.03
645 (2.8%)
281 (3.0%)
-0.01
1,094 (3.3%)
554 (3.4%)
-0.01
2113 (3.2%)
1020 (3.2%)
0.00
Alcohol abuse or dependence+Drug abuse or 
dependence (for PS); n (%)
531 (4.9%)
350 (5.4%)
-0.02
759 (3.3%)
358 (3.8%)
-0.03
534 (1.6%)
442 (2.7%)
-0.08
1824 (2.7%)
1150 (3.6%)
-0.05
Other atherosclerosis+Cardiac conduction 
disorders+Other CVD (for PS) v2 Copy; n (%)
3,257 (29.8%)
1,919 (29.8%)
0.00
5,127 (22.3%)
2,292 (24.4%)
-0.05
9,987 (30.4%)
4,973 (30.7%)
-0.01
18371 (27.5%)
9184 (28.6%)
-0.02
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) + 
History of CABG or PTCA (for PS) v3; n (%)
430 (3.9%)
255 (4.0%)
-0.01
372 (1.6%)
131 (1.4%)
0.02
2,889 (8.8%)
1,360 (8.4%)
0.01
3691 (5.5%)
1746 (5.4%)
0.00
Diabetes with complication; n (%)
763 (7.0%)
462 (7.2%)
#DIV/0!
960 (4.2%)
391 (4.2%)
#DIV/0!
2,595 (7.9%)
1,165 (7.2%)
#DIV/0!
960 (4.2%)
391 (4.2%)
0.00
Delirium + Psychosis (for PS); n (%)
519 (4.7%)
244 (3.8%)
0.04
578 (2.5%)
219 (2.3%)
0.01
1,846 (5.6%)
744 (4.6%)
0.05
2943 (4.4%)
1207 (3.8%)
0.03
Any use of Meglitinides (for PS); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
26 (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
92 (0.3%)
46 (0.3%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Any use of AGIs (for PS); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
12 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
CKD stage 3-6 + dialysis (for PS); n (%)
725 (6.6%)
313 (4.9%)
0.07
612 (2.7%)
179 (1.9%)
0.05
2,844 (8.6%)
1,001 (6.2%)
0.09
4181 (6.3%)
1493 (4.7%)
0.07
Use of thiazide- United; n (%)
1,000 (9.1%)
520 (8.1%)
0.04
1,829 (7.9%)
626 (6.7%)
0.05
4,263 (13.0%)
1,863 (11.5%)
0.05
7092 (10.6%)
3009 (9.4%)
0.04
Use of beta blockers; n (%)
2,546 (23.3%)
1,195 (18.5%)
0.12
4,775 (20.7%)
1,650 (17.5%)
0.08
11,795 (35.9%)
5,207 (32.1%)
0.08
19116 (28.6%)
8052 (25.1%)
0.08
Use of calcium channel blockers; n (%)
1,956 (17.9%)
1,041 (16.1%)
0.05
3,644 (15.8%)
1,257 (13.4%)
0.07
8,899 (27.1%)
4,117 (25.4%)
0.04
14499 (21.7%)
6415 (20.0%)
0.04
All antidiabetic medications except Insulin; n (%)
1,455 (13.3%)
785 (12.2%)
0.03
2,636 (11.4%)
1,060 (11.3%)
0.00
5,181 (15.8%)
2,409 (14.8%)
0.03
9272 (13.9%)
4254 (13.3%)
0.02
DM Medications - Insulin Copy; n (%)
492 (4.5%)
257 (4.0%)
0.02
963 (4.2%)
323 (3.4%)
0.04
1,236 (3.8%)
539 (3.3%)
0.03
2691 (4.0%)
1119 (3.5%)
0.03
Use of Low Intensity Statins; n (%)
2,224 (20.3%)
1,095 (17.0%)
0.08
3,726 (16.2%)
1,295 (13.8%)
0.07
10,072 (30.6%)
4,682 (28.9%)
0.04
16022 (24.0%)
7072 (22.0%)
0.05
Use of High Intensity Statins; n (%)
1,150 (10.5%)
813 (12.6%)
-0.07
2,135 (9.3%)
897 (9.5%)
-0.01
4,789 (14.6%)
2,689 (16.6%)
-0.06
8074 (12.1%)
4399 (13.7%)
-0.05
Malignant hypertension; n (%)
730 (6.7%)
162 (2.5%)
0.20
9,082 (39.4%)
2,310 (24.6%)
0.32
15,204 (46.2%)
4,630 (28.5%)
0.37
25016 (37.4%)
7102 (22.1%)
0.34
Cardiovascular stress test; n (%)
78 (0.7%)
29 (0.4%)
0.04
135 (0.6%)
44 (0.5%)
0.01
350 (1.1%)
201 (1.2%)
-0.01
563 (0.8%)
274 (0.9%)
-0.01
Echocardiogram; n (%)
5,787 (52.9%)
3,803 (59.0%)
-0.12
11,855 (51.5%)
5,539 (58.9%)
-0.15
18,098 (55.0%)
9,340 (57.6%)
-0.05
35740 (53.4%)
18682 (58.2%)
-0.10
Number of BNP tests
...mean (sd)
0.10 (0.35)
0.15 (0.44)
-0.13
0.09 (0.34)
0.11 (0.36)
-0.06
0.14 (0.40)
0.17 (0.44)
-0.07
0.12 (0.37)
0.15 (0.42)
-0.08
Number of Cardiac biomarkers tests (tropnin, CK-MBs, Myoglobin, CPK)
...mean (sd)
0.42 (1.41)
0.52 (1.28)
-0.07
0.35 (1.09)
0.40 (1.24)
-0.04
0.30 (0.61)
0.37 (0.67)
-0.11
0.34 (0.96)
0.41 (1.00)
0.00
Number of Ambulatory Blood pressure monitoring tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.04)
0.00 (0.03)
0.00
0.00 (0.04)
0.00 (0.03)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
N of days on antihypertensive medications during baseline
...mean (sd)
74.82 (79.61)
70.24 (79.86)
0.06
65.26 (78.27)
58.82 (76.61)
0.08
111.76 (76.90)
108.30 (78.35)
0.04
89.70 (77.82)
86.14 (78.15)
0.00
N of days in database anytime prior
...mean (sd)
1,672.96 (1,192.85)
1,774.82 (1,375.50)
-0.08
1,771.15 (1,221.31)
2,056.97 (1,425.75)
-0.22
637.26 (351.73)
659.79 (336.35)
-0.07
1197.31 (898.59)
1293.60 (1016.64)
0.00
Mean Copay for per prescription cost (charges in U.S. $) (180-1 day prior)
...mean (sd)
23.14 (33.19)
20.04 (30.76)
0.10
16.79 (25.44)
13.74 (31.23)
0.11
110.77 (126.57)
109.04 (134.46)
0.01
64.06 (91.02)
63.21 (98.08)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
801 (7.3%)
538 (8.3%)
-0.04
1,853 (8.0%)
874 (9.3%)
-0.05
996 (3.0%)
523 (3.2%)
-0.01
3650 (5.5%)
1935 (6.0%)
-0.02
Appendix B

Colonoscopy; n (%)
409 (3.7%)
230 (3.6%)
0.01
966 (4.2%)
347 (3.7%)
0.03
1,620 (4.9%)
772 (4.8%)
0.00
2995 (4.5%)
1349 (4.2%)
0.01
Fecal occult blood (FOB) test; n (%)
340 (3.1%)
183 (2.8%)
0.02
886 (3.8%)
308 (3.3%)
0.03
937 (2.8%)
436 (2.7%)
0.01
2163 (3.2%)
927 (2.9%)
0.02
Flu vaccine; n (%)
1,631 (14.9%)
967 (15.0%)
0.00
2,149 (9.3%)
1,007 (10.7%)
-0.05
10,466 (31.8%)
5,207 (32.1%)
-0.01
14246 (21.3%)
7181 (22.4%)
-0.03
Mammogram; n (%)
1,237 (11.3%)
704 (10.9%)
0.01
2,232 (9.7%)
938 (10.0%)
-0.01
4,385 (13.3%)
2,227 (13.7%)
-0.01
7854 (11.7%)
3869 (12.1%)
-0.01
Pap smear; n (%)
651 (6.0%)
384 (6.0%)
0.00
1,873 (8.1%)
773 (8.2%)
0.00
963 (2.9%)
514 (3.2%)
-0.02
3487 (5.2%)
1671 (5.2%)
0.00
Pneumonia vaccine; n (%)
1,134 (10.4%)
1,158 (18.0%)
-0.22
988 (4.3%)
793 (8.4%)
-0.17
6,053 (18.4%)
4,358 (26.9%)
-0.20
8175 (12.2%)
6309 (19.7%)
-0.21
PSA test or Prostate exam for DRE; n (%)
1,083 (9.9%)
690 (10.7%)
-0.03
1,944 (8.4%)
818 (8.7%)
-0.01
3,705 (11.3%)
2,058 (12.7%)
-0.04
6732 (10.1%)
3566 (11.1%)
-0.03
Bone mineral density; n (%)
317 (2.9%)
200 (3.1%)
-0.01
396 (1.7%)
143 (1.5%)
0.02
1,608 (4.9%)
809 (5.0%)
0.00
2321 (3.5%)
1152 (3.6%)
-0.01
Use of CNS stimulants; n (%)
85 (0.8%)
70 (1.1%)
-0.03
335 (1.5%)
129 (1.4%)
0.01
133 (0.4%)
72 (0.4%)
0.00
553 (0.8%)
271 (0.8%)
0.00
Use of estrogens, progestins, androgens; n (%)
1,084 (9.9%)
683 (10.6%)
-0.02
3,192 (13.9%)
1,414 (15.0%)
-0.03
1,380 (4.2%)
655 (4.0%)
0.01
5656 (8.5%)
2752 (8.6%)
0.00
Use of Angiogenesis inhibitors; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
18 (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
21 (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Oral Immunosuppressants; n (%)
24 (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
75 (0.3%)
18 (0.2%)
0.02
20 (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
119 (0.2%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of fondaparinux or Bivalirudin; n (%)
137 (1.3%)
** (0.1%)
0.14
430 (1.9%)
15 (0.2%)
0.17
250 (0.8%)
** (0.1%)
0.10
817 (1.2%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of other direct thrombin inhibitors (lepirudin, 
desirudin, argatroban); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Use of Ticagrelor ON CED; n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Ticagrelor; n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
22 (0.1%)
19 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Number of D-dimer tests
...mean (sd)
0.12 (0.36)
0.16 (0.42)
-0.10
0.13 (0.38)
0.14 (0.39)
-0.03
0.14 (0.36)
0.17 (0.40)
-0.08
0.13 (0.37)
0.16 (0.40)
0.00
Numbe of CRP, high-sensitivity CRP tests
...mean (sd)
0.10 (0.47)
0.12 (0.53)
-0.04
0.09 (0.48)
0.09 (0.45)
0.00
0.13 (0.55)
0.14 (0.57)
-0.02
0.11 (0.51)
0.12 (0.53)
0.00
Number of PT or aPTTt tests
...mean (sd)
0.66 (1.77)
0.58 (1.39)
0.05
0.58 (1.48)
0.47 (1.22)
0.08
0.38 (0.91)
0.35 (0.74)
0.04
0.49 (1.29)
0.43 (1.05)
0.00
Number of Bleeding time tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.01)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.01)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
HAS-BLED Score (ICD-9 and ICD-10), 180 days
...mean (sd)
2.68 (1.05)
2.55 (1.03)
0.12
2.28 (0.98)
2.21 (0.95)
0.07
3.43 (0.79)
3.39 (0.80)
0.05
2.91 (0.90)
2.88 (0.90)
0.00
N of Generic name drugs
...mean (sd)
15.36 (13.41)
13.47 (14.05)
0.14
13.18 (11.45)
11.66 (11.95)
0.13
18.30 (13.64)
16.35 (14.30)
0.14
16.06 (12.89)
14.40 (13.60)
0.00
N of Brand name drugs
...mean (sd)
2.98 (4.53)
3.58 (3.90)
-0.14
3.30 (4.45)
3.75 (3.79)
-0.11
3.22 (4.77)
3.92 (4.27)
-0.15
3.21 (4.62)
3.80 (4.06)
0.00
Use of clopidogrel ; n (%)
259 (2.4%)
122 (1.9%)
0.03
499 (2.2%)
145 (1.5%)
0.05
1,670 (5.1%)
716 (4.4%)
0.03
2428 (3.6%)
983 (3.1%)
0.03
Systemic embolism; n (%)
221 (2.0%)
112 (1.7%)
0.02
404 (1.8%)
141 (1.5%)
0.02
462 (1.4%)
200 (1.2%)
0.02
1087 (1.6%)
453 (1.4%)
0.02
DVT; n (%)
5,150 (47.1%)
3,078 (47.7%)
-0.01
10,806 (46.9%)
4,578 (48.7%)
-0.04
14,349 (43.6%)
6,958 (42.9%)
0.01
30305 (45.3%)
14614 (45.6%)
-0.01
Post-thrombotic syndrome; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#DIV/0!
14 (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#DIV/0!
21 (0.1%)
12 (0.1%)
#DIV/0!
14 (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
PE; n (%)
10,931 (100.0%)
6,448 (100.0%)
#DIV/0!
23,030 (100.0%)
9,398 (99.9%)
0.04
32,865 (99.9%)
16,217 (100.0%)
-0.04
66826 (99.9%)
32063 (100.0%)
-0.04
Coagulation defects; n (%)
285 (2.6%)
123 (1.9%)
#DIV/0!
654 (2.8%)
211 (2.2%)
#DIV/0!
579 (1.8%)
213 (1.3%)
#DIV/0!
654 (2.8%)
211 (2.2%)
0.04
Diabetes: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims within 
183 days ; n (%)
2,243 (20.5%)
1,185 (18.4%)
0.05
3,626 (15.7%)
1,408 (15.0%)
0.02
8,179 (24.9%)
3,686 (22.7%)
0.05
14048 (21.0%)
6279 (19.6%)
0.03
Intracranial or retroperitoneal hemorrhage: 1 
inpatient or 2 outpatient claims within 183 days ; n 
(%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
15 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peptic Ulcer Disease; n (%)
2,932 (26.8%)
1,734 (26.9%)
0.00
4,029 (17.5%)
1,736 (18.5%)
-0.03
11,261 (34.2%)
5,399 (33.3%)
0.02
18222 (27.2%)
8869 (27.6%)
-0.01
Major Surgery ; n (%)
739 (6.8%)
491 (7.6%)
#DIV/0!
1,391 (6.0%)
507 (5.4%)
#DIV/0!
2,747 (8.4%)
1,625 (10.0%)
#DIV/0!
1,391 (6.0%)
507 (5.4%)
0.03
Upper GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Lower/ unspecified GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Urogenital bleed; n (%)
73 (0.7%)
49 (0.8%)
-0.01
171 (0.7%)
81 (0.9%)
-0.02
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other bleeds; n (%)
504 (4.6%)
232 (3.6%)
0.05
819 (3.6%)
301 (3.2%)
0.02
1,521 (4.6%)
607 (3.7%)
0.05
2844 (4.3%)
1140 (3.6%)
0.04
Prior cancer; n (%)
1,356 (12.4%)
1,060 (16.4%)
-0.11
1,964 (8.5%)
1,011 (10.7%)
-0.07
5,398 (16.4%)
3,537 (21.8%)
-0.14
8718 (13.0%)
5608 (17.5%)
-0.13
Antibiotics; n (%)
5,272 (48.2%)
3,095 (48.0%)
#DIV/0!
11,518 (50.0%)
4,633 (49.3%)
#DIV/0!
17,994 (54.7%)
8,891 (54.8%)
#DIV/0!
11,518 (50.0%)
4,633 (49.3%)
0.01
Aspirin; n (%)
63 (0.6%)
71 (1.1%)
-0.05
254 (1.1%)
137 (1.5%)
-0.04
158 (0.5%)
46 (0.3%)
0.03
475 (0.7%)
254 (0.8%)
-0.01
Aspirin/dipyridamole; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
36 (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
109 (0.3%)
33 (0.2%)
0.02
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other antiplatelet agents; n (%)
22 (0.2%)
13 (0.2%)
0.00
36 (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
139 (0.4%)
57 (0.4%)
0.00
197 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
PGP inhibitors; n (%)
2,367 (21.6%)
1,341 (20.8%)
0.02
5,284 (22.9%)
1,997 (21.2%)
0.04
8,671 (26.4%)
4,164 (25.7%)
0.02
16322 (24.4%)
7502 (23.4%)
0.02
Other gastroprotective agents; n (%)
128 (1.2%)
85 (1.3%)
-0.01
287 (1.2%)
101 (1.1%)
0.01
581 (1.8%)
248 (1.5%)
0.02
996 (1.5%)
434 (1.4%)
0.01
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.46 (0.71)
0.45 (0.88)
0.01
0.34 (0.71)
0.36 (0.78)
-0.03
0.56 (0.76)
0.58 (0.82)
-0.03
0.47 (0.74)
0.49 (0.82)
0.00
Proton pump inhibitor; n (%)
2,563 (23.4%)
1,362 (21.1%)
0.06
5,093 (22.1%)
1,943 (20.7%)
0.03
10,854 (33.0%)
4,940 (30.5%)
0.05
18510 (27.7%)
8245 (25.7%)
0.05
H2 receptor antagonist; n (%)
385 (3.5%)
201 (3.1%)
0.02
774 (3.4%)
305 (3.2%)
0.01
2,080 (6.3%)
891 (5.5%)
0.03
3239 (4.8%)
1397 (4.4%)
0.02
Vitamin K therapy; n (%)
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
24 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
Number of INR (prothrombin) tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.45 (1.24)
0.31 (0.75)
0.14
0.43 (1.02)
0.31 (0.74)
0.13
0.35 (0.77)
0.31 (0.63)
0.06
0.39 (0.95)
0.31 (0.69)
0.00
Treating prescriber - Cardiologist; n (%)
6,854 (62.7%)
4,359 (67.6%)
-0.10
12,270 (53.3%)
5,766 (61.3%)
-0.16
21,746 (66.1%)
10,824 (66.7%)
-0.01
40870 (61.1%)
20949 (65.3%)
-0.09
Treating prescriber - Primary Care Physician; n (%)
9,965 (91.1%)
5,708 (88.5%)
0.09
9,641 (41.8%)
4,170 (44.3%)
-0.05
14,127 (42.9%)
6,722 (41.4%)
0.03
33733 (50.4%)
16600 (51.8%)
-0.03
Treating prescriber - Other; n (%)
10,881 (99.5%)
6,428 (99.7%)
-0.03
21,748 (94.4%)
8,758 (93.1%)
0.05
32,848 (99.9%)
16,207 (99.9%)
0.00
65477 (97.9%)
31393 (97.9%)
0.00
Alpha blockers; n (%)
747 (6.8%)
400 (6.2%)
0.02
1,170 (5.1%)
438 (4.7%)
0.02
3,271 (9.9%)
1,719 (10.6%)
-0.02
5188 (7.8%)
2557 (8.0%)
-0.01
CHA2DS2 VASc score, 180 days, V
...mean (sd)
3.62 (1.72)
2.28 (1.64)
0.80
3.42 (1.47)
2.40 (1.69)
0.64
4.52 (1.74)
3.51 (1.84)
0.56
3.99 (1.65)
2.94 (1.76)
0.01
Use of Prasugrel; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.2%)
-0.03
30 (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Loop Diuretics+other diuretics+other 
hypertension drugs; n (%)
1,387 (12.7%)
633 (9.8%)
0.09
2,381 (10.3%)
795 (8.5%)
0.06
6,233 (18.9%)
2,624 (16.2%)
0.07
10001 (15.0%)
4052 (12.6%)
0.07
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type 
Code - CORRECT ONE - OPTUM
...Commercial; n (%)
5,252 (48.0%)
3352 (52.0%)
-0.08
5,642 (24.5%)
1822 (19.4%)
0.12
-
-
#VALUE!
10,894 (32.1%)
5174 (32.6%)
-0.01
...Medicare Advantage; n (%)
5,684 (52.0%)
3096 (48.0%)
0.08
17,398 (75.5%)
7583 (80.6%)
-0.12
-
-
#VALUE!
23,082 (67.9%)
10679 (67.4%)
0.01
Appendix B

Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type 
Code
...COM = COMMERCIAL; n (%)
5,252 (48.0%)
3,352 (52.0%)
-0.08
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
5,252 (48.0%)
3,352 (52.0%)
-0.08
...MCR = MEDICARE; n (%)
5,684 (52.0%)
3,096 (48.0%)
0.08
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
5,684 (52.0%)
3,096 (48.0%)
0.08
...MCD = MEDICAID; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...NONE = NO BUSINESS LINE CODE (added in 2015); n 
(%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...UNK = UNKNOWN (added in 2015); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Data Type
...1 - Fee For Service; n (%)
-
-
15,188 (65.9%)
6,798 (72.3%)
-0.14
-
-
15,188 (65.9%)
6,798 (72.3%)
-0.14
...2 - Encounter; n (%)
-
-
2,210 (9.6%)
785 (8.3%)
0.05
-
-
2,210 (9.6%)
785 (8.3%)
0.05
...3 - Medicare; n (%)
-
-
4,938 (21.4%)
1,622 (17.2%)
0.11
-
-
4,938 (21.4%)
1,622 (17.2%)
0.11
...4 - Medicare Encounter; n (%)
-
-
704 (3.1%)
200 (2.1%)
0.06
-
-
704 (3.1%)
200 (2.1%)
0.06
Metropolitan Statistical Area - Urban (any MSA) vs 
Rural (non-MSA)
0
0
0.00
...Urban; n (%)
-
-
18,451 (80.1%)
6,998 (74.4%)
0.14
-
-
18,451 (80.1%)
6,998 (74.4%)
0.14
...Rural; n (%)
-
-
290 (1.3%)
433 (4.6%)
-0.20
-
-
290 (1.3%)
433 (4.6%)
-0.20
...Unknown/Missing; n (%)
-
-
4,299 (18.7%)
1,974 (21.0%)
-0.06
-
-
4,299 (18.7%)
1,974 (21.0%)
-0.06
Due to CMS cell suppression policy, all values less than 11 are denoted with **
Appendix B

Variable
Reference- warfarin Copyroxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copyroxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copyroxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy  Reference- warfarin Copy 
 Exposure - rivaroxaban 
(15 or 20 mg) Copy 
St. Diff.
Number of patients
2,153
 
2,153
 
5,675
 
5,675
 
8,065
 
8,065
 
15,893 
15,893 
Age
...mean (sd)
62.79 (15.74)
63.58 (14.79)
-0.05
54.36 (14.93)
54.95 (14.55)
-0.04
75.04 (7.11)
75.35 (7.03)
66.00 (11.78)
66.47 (11.41)
-0.04
...median [IQR]
65.00 [53.00, 75.00]
66.00 [54.00, 74.00]
-0.07
55.00 [45.00, 63.00]
56.00 [45.00, 64.00]
-0.07
74.00 [69.00, 80.00]
74.00 [70.00, 80.00]
66.00 (11.78)
66.49 (11.41)
-0.04
Age categories without zero category
...18 - 54; n (%)
601 (27.9%)
564 (26.2%)
0.04
2,732 (48.1%)
2,665 (47.0%)
0.02
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
3333 (21.0%)
3229 (20.3%)
0.02
...55 - 64; n (%)
445 (20.7%)
406 (18.9%)
0.05
1,749 (30.8%)
1,755 (30.9%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
2,194 (13.8%)
2,161 (13.6%)
0.01
...65 - 74; n (%)
558 (25.9%)
649 (30.1%)
-0.09
666 (11.7%)
709 (12.5%)
-0.02
4,295 (53.3%)
4,133 (51.2%)
5,519 (34.7%)
5,491 (34.5%)
0.00
...>= 75; n (%)
549 (25.5%)
534 (24.8%)
0.02
528 (9.3%)
546 (9.6%)
-0.01
3,770 (46.7%)
3,932 (48.8%)
4,847 (30.5%)
5,012 (31.5%)
-0.02
Gender without zero category- United
...Males; n (%)
938 (43.6%)
900 (41.8%)
0.04
2,751 (48.5%)
2,745 (48.4%)
0.00
3,089 (38.3%)
2,987 (37.0%)
6,778 (42.6%)
6,632 (41.7%)
0.02
...Females; n (%)
1,215 (56.4%)
1,253 (58.2%)
-0.04
2,924 (51.5%)
2,930 (51.6%)
0.00
4,976 (61.7%)
5,078 (63.0%)
9,115 (57.4%)
9,261 (58.3%)
-0.02
Race 
...White; n (%)
7,031 (87.2%)
7,010 (86.9%)
7,031 (87.2%)
7,010 (86.9%)
0.01
...Black; n (%)
726 (9.0%)
767 (9.5%)
726 (9.0%)
767 (9.5%)
-0.02
...Asian; n (%)
58 (0.7%)
53 (0.7%)
58 (0.7%)
53 (0.7%)
0.00
...Hispanic; n (%)
95 (1.2%)
101 (1.3%)
95 (1.2%)
101 (1.3%)
-0.01
...North American Native; n (%)
29 (0.4%)
24 (0.3%)
29 (0.4%)
24 (0.3%)
0.02
...Other/Unknown; n (%)
126 (1.6%)
110 (1.4%)
126 (1.6%)
110 (1.4%)
0.02
Region without zero category
...Northeast; n (%)
226 (10.5%)
223 (10.4%)
0.00
1,034 (18.2%)
1,037 (18.3%)
0.00
1,407 (17.4%)
1,427 (17.7%)
2,667 (16.8%)
2,687 (16.9%)
0.00
...South; n (%)
885 (41.1%)
881 (40.9%)
0.00
1,616 (28.5%)
1,653 (29.1%)
-0.01
3,171 (39.3%)
3,105 (38.5%)
5,672 (35.7%)
5,639 (35.5%)
0.00
...Midwest; n (%)
587 (27.3%)
582 (27.0%)
0.01
2,148 (37.9%)
2,057 (36.2%)
0.04
2,171 (26.9%)
2,267 (28.1%)
4,906 (30.9%)
4,906 (30.9%)
0.00
...West; n (%)
455 (21.1%)
467 (21.7%)
-0.01
794 (14.0%)
853 (15.0%)
-0.03
1,316 (16.3%)
1,266 (15.7%)
2,565 (16.1%)
2,586 (16.3%)
-0.01
...Unknown+missing; n (%)
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
83 (1.5%)
75 (1.3%)
0.02
N/A
N/A
83 (1.5%)
75 (1.3%)
0.02
CV Covariates
Ischemic heart disease; n (%)
416 (19.3%)
410 (19.0%)
0.01
675 (11.9%)
696 (12.3%)
-0.01
2,065 (25.6%)
2,108 (26.1%)
3,156 (19.9%)
3,214 (20.2%)
-0.01
Acute MI; n (%)
105 (4.9%)
99 (4.6%)
0.01
181 (3.2%)
186 (3.3%)
-0.01
360 (4.5%)
359 (4.5%)
646 (4.1%)
644 (4.1%)
0.00
ACS/unstable angina; n (%)
37 (1.7%)
37 (1.7%)
0.00
54 (1.0%)
51 (0.9%)
0.01
115 (1.4%)
93 (1.2%)
206 (1.3%)
181 (1.1%)
0.02
Old MI; n (%)
83 (3.9%)
71 (3.3%)
0.03
87 (1.5%)
87 (1.5%)
0.00
384 (4.8%)
453 (5.6%)
554 (3.5%)
611 (3.8%)
-0.02
Stable angina; n (%)
48 (2.2%)
48 (2.2%)
0.00
79 (1.4%)
79 (1.4%)
0.00
206 (2.6%)
224 (2.8%)
333 (2.1%)
351 (2.2%)
-0.01
Coronary atherosclerosis and other forms of chronic 
ischemic heart disease; n (%)
289 (13.4%)
298 (13.8%)
-0.01
454 (8.0%)
461 (8.1%)
0.00
1,692 (21.0%)
1,759 (21.8%)
2,435 (15.3%)
2,518 (15.8%)
-0.01
Other atherosclerosis with ICD10 v2 Copy; n (%)
18 (0.8%)
18 (0.8%)
0.00
27 (0.5%)
23 (0.4%)
0.01
95 (1.2%)
84 (1.0%)
140 (0.9%)
125 (0.8%)
0.01
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) 
v4; n (%)
16 (0.7%)
** (0.2%)
0.07
22 (0.4%)
18 (0.3%)
0.02
38 (0.5%)
47 (0.6%)
76 (0.5%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
History of CABG or PTCA; n (%)
91 (4.2%)
91 (4.2%)
0.00
77 (1.4%)
68 (1.2%)
0.02
686 (8.5%)
719 (8.9%)
854 (5.4%)
878 (5.5%)
0.00
Any stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Ischemic stroke (w and w/o mention of cerebral 
infarction); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Hemorrhagic stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
TIA; n (%)
25 (1.2%)
21 (1.0%)
0.02
39 (0.7%)
42 (0.7%)
0.00
83 (1.0%)
86 (1.1%)
147 (0.9%)
149 (0.9%)
0.00
Other cerebrovascular disease; n (%)
33 (1.5%)
29 (1.3%)
0.02
44 (0.8%)
39 (0.7%)
0.01
157 (1.9%)
172 (2.1%)
234 (1.5%)
240 (1.5%)
0.00
Cerebrovascular procedure; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Heart failure (CHF); n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) or PVD Surgery v2; 
n (%)
110 (5.1%)
117 (5.4%)
-0.01
158 (2.8%)
170 (3.0%)
-0.01
562 (7.0%)
582 (7.2%)
830 (5.2%)
869 (5.5%)
-0.01
Atrial fibrillation; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Other cardiac dysrhythmia; n (%)
340 (15.8%)
346 (16.1%)
-0.01
765 (13.5%)
774 (13.6%)
0.00
1,354 (16.8%)
1,380 (17.1%)
2,459 (15.5%)
2,500 (15.7%)
-0.01
Cardiac conduction disorders; n (%)
160 (7.4%)
143 (6.6%)
0.03
253 (4.5%)
242 (4.3%)
0.01
687 (8.5%)
625 (7.7%)
1100 (6.9%)
1010 (6.4%)
0.02
Other CVD; n (%)
562 (26.1%)
566 (26.3%)
0.00
1,205 (21.2%)
1,196 (21.1%)
0.00
1,992 (24.7%)
2,067 (25.6%)
3,759 (23.7%)
3,829 (24.1%)
-0.01
Diabetes-related complications
Occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy v2 Copy; n (%)
122 (5.7%)
102 (4.7%)
0.05
129 (2.3%)
126 (2.2%)
0.01
296 (3.7%)
329 (4.1%)
547 (3.4%)
557 (3.5%)
-0.01
Occurrence of diabetic nephropathy V3 with ICD10 
Copy; n (%)
64 (3.0%)
68 (3.2%)
-0.01
67 (1.2%)
59 (1.0%)
0.02
166 (2.1%)
160 (2.0%)
297 (1.9%)
287 (1.8%)
0.01
Hypoglycemia v2; n (%)
19 (0.9%)
20 (0.9%)
0.00
34 (0.6%)
42 (0.7%)
-0.01
159 (2.0%)
160 (2.0%)
212 (1.3%)
222 (1.4%)
-0.01
Hyperglycemia; n (%)
184 (8.5%)
165 (7.7%)
0.03
254 (4.5%)
279 (4.9%)
-0.02
684 (8.5%)
723 (9.0%)
1122 (7.1%)
1167 (7.3%)
-0.01
Diabetic ketoacidosis; n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.4%)
-0.04
13 (0.2%)
18 (0.3%)
-0.02
17 (0.2%)
12 (0.1%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Hypertension: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims 
within 365 days; n (%)
1,369 (63.6%)
1,422 (66.0%)
-0.05
2,732 (48.1%)
2,786 (49.1%)
-0.02
6,580 (81.6%)
6,669 (82.7%)
10,681 (67.2%)
10,877 (68.4%)
-0.03
Hyperlipidemia v2; n (%)
1,052 (48.9%)
1,086 (50.4%)
-0.03
1,897 (33.4%)
1,933 (34.1%)
-0.01
4,942 (61.3%)
5,001 (62.0%)
7,891 (49.7%)
8,020 (50.5%)
-0.02
Edema; n (%)
388 (18.0%)
395 (18.3%)
-0.01
733 (12.9%)
731 (12.9%)
0.00
1,048 (13.0%)
1,096 (13.6%)
2169 (13.6%)
2222 (14.0%)
-0.01
Renal Dysfunction (non-diabetic) v2; n (%)
501 (23.3%)
506 (23.5%)
0.00
698 (12.3%)
725 (12.8%)
-0.02
1,871 (23.2%)
2,002 (24.8%)
3070 (19.3%)
3233 (20.3%)
-0.03
Occurrence of acute renal disease v2; n (%)
229 (10.6%)
224 (10.4%)
0.01
340 (6.0%)
354 (6.2%)
-0.01
799 (9.9%)
858 (10.6%)
1368 (8.6%)
1436 (9.0%)
-0.01
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency; n (%)
241 (11.2%)
271 (12.6%)
-0.04
257 (4.5%)
267 (4.7%)
-0.01
988 (12.3%)
1,094 (13.6%)
1486 (9.4%)
1632 (10.3%)
-0.03
Chronic kidney disease v2; n (%)
236 (11.0%)
258 (12.0%)
-0.03
226 (4.0%)
246 (4.3%)
-0.02
951 (11.8%)
1,039 (12.9%)
1413 (8.9%)
1543 (9.7%)
-0.03
CKD Stage 3-4; n (%)
154 (7.2%)
158 (7.3%)
0.00
121 (2.1%)
139 (2.4%)
-0.02
595 (7.4%)
649 (8.0%)
870 (5.5%)
946 (6.0%)
-0.02
Occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy; n (%)
154 (7.2%)
170 (7.9%)
-0.03
154 (2.7%)
165 (2.9%)
-0.01
758 (9.4%)
839 (10.4%)
1066 (6.7%)
1174 (7.4%)
-0.03
Occurrence of miscellaneous renal insufficiency v2; n 
(%)
187 (8.7%)
182 (8.5%)
0.01
286 (5.0%)
286 (5.0%)
0.00
681 (8.4%)
697 (8.6%)
1154 (7.3%)
1165 (7.3%)
0.00
Other Covariates
 PS-matched
MarketScan
Medicare
POOLED
Optum
Appendix B

Liver disease; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Osteoarthritis; n (%)
665 (30.9%)
642 (29.8%)
0.02
1,107 (19.5%)
1,110 (19.6%)
0.00
3,006 (37.3%)
2,998 (37.2%)
4778 (30.1%)
4750 (29.9%)
0.00
Other arthritis, arthropathies and musculoskeletal 
pain; n (%)
1,448 (67.3%)
1,425 (66.2%)
0.02
3,489 (61.5%)
3,441 (60.6%)
0.02
4,956 (61.5%)
4,958 (61.5%)
9893 (62.2%)
9824 (61.8%)
0.01
Dorsopathies; n (%)
797 (37.0%)
772 (35.9%)
0.02
1,632 (28.8%)
1,652 (29.1%)
-0.01
2,750 (34.1%)
2,772 (34.4%)
5179 (32.6%)
5196 (32.7%)
0.00
Fractures; n (%)
230 (10.7%)
225 (10.5%)
0.01
430 (7.6%)
402 (7.1%)
0.02
838 (10.4%)
816 (10.1%)
1498 (9.4%)
1443 (9.1%)
0.01
Falls v2; n (%)
186 (8.6%)
186 (8.6%)
0.00
166 (2.9%)
152 (2.7%)
0.01
313 (3.9%)
308 (3.8%)
665 (4.2%)
646 (4.1%)
0.01
Osteoporosis; n (%)
137 (6.4%)
178 (8.3%)
-0.07
153 (2.7%)
165 (2.9%)
-0.01
1,050 (13.0%)
1,096 (13.6%)
1340 (8.4%)
1439 (9.1%)
-0.02
Depression; n (%)
428 (19.9%)
441 (20.5%)
-0.01
810 (14.3%)
802 (14.1%)
0.01
1,481 (18.4%)
1,528 (18.9%)
2719 (17.1%)
2771 (17.4%)
-0.01
Anxiety; n (%)
409 (19.0%)
425 (19.7%)
-0.02
797 (14.0%)
791 (13.9%)
0.00
1,388 (17.2%)
1,389 (17.2%)
2594 (16.3%)
2605 (16.4%)
0.00
Sleep_Disorder; n (%)
245 (11.4%)
259 (12.0%)
-0.02
651 (11.5%)
697 (12.3%)
-0.02
827 (10.3%)
851 (10.6%)
1723 (10.8%)
1807 (11.4%)
-0.02
Dementia; n (%)
160 (7.4%)
171 (7.9%)
-0.02
134 (2.4%)
135 (2.4%)
0.00
842 (10.4%)
913 (11.3%)
1136 (7.1%)
1219 (7.7%)
-0.02
Delirium; n (%)
74 (3.4%)
87 (4.0%)
-0.03
104 (1.8%)
92 (1.6%)
0.02
306 (3.8%)
299 (3.7%)
484 (3.0%)
478 (3.0%)
0.00
Psychosis; n (%)
59 (2.7%)
66 (3.1%)
-0.02
65 (1.1%)
64 (1.1%)
0.00
219 (2.7%)
224 (2.8%)
343 (2.2%)
354 (2.2%)
0.00
Obesity; n (%)
704 (32.7%)
715 (33.2%)
-0.01
1,534 (27.0%)
1,531 (27.0%)
0.00
1,869 (23.2%)
1,896 (23.5%)
4107 (25.8%)
4142 (26.1%)
-0.01
Overweight; n (%)
111 (5.2%)
99 (4.6%)
0.03
156 (2.7%)
136 (2.4%)
0.02
369 (4.6%)
368 (4.6%)
636 (4.0%)
603 (3.8%)
0.01
Smoking; n (%)
690 (32.0%)
677 (31.4%)
0.01
934 (16.5%)
920 (16.2%)
0.01
3,048 (37.8%)
2,933 (36.4%)
4672 (29.4%)
4530 (28.5%)
0.02
Alcohol abuse or dependence; n (%)
62 (2.9%)
57 (2.6%)
0.02
129 (2.3%)
111 (2.0%)
0.02
106 (1.3%)
91 (1.1%)
297 (1.9%)
259 (1.6%)
0.02
Drug abuse or dependence; n (%)
78 (3.6%)
79 (3.7%)
-0.01
110 (1.9%)
111 (2.0%)
-0.01
90 (1.1%)
80 (1.0%)
278 (1.7%)
270 (1.7%)
0.00
COPD; n (%)
382 (17.7%)
428 (19.9%)
-0.06
582 (10.3%)
567 (10.0%)
0.01
1,887 (23.4%)
1,932 (24.0%)
2851 (17.9%)
2927 (18.4%)
-0.01
Asthma; n (%)
276 (12.8%)
297 (13.8%)
-0.03
628 (11.1%)
632 (11.1%)
0.00
900 (11.2%)
931 (11.5%)
1804 (11.4%)
1860 (11.7%)
-0.01
Obstructive sleep apnea; n (%)
309 (14.4%)
310 (14.4%)
0.00
689 (12.1%)
706 (12.4%)
-0.01
825 (10.2%)
824 (10.2%)
1823 (11.5%)
1840 (11.6%)
0.00
Pneumonia; n (%)
378 (17.6%)
411 (19.1%)
-0.04
856 (15.1%)
841 (14.8%)
0.01
1,435 (17.8%)
1,421 (17.6%)
2669 (16.8%)
2673 (16.8%)
0.00
Other Medications
Use of ACE inhibitors; n (%)
487 (22.6%)
520 (24.2%)
-0.04
1,094 (19.3%)
1,090 (19.2%)
0.00
2,376 (29.5%)
2,459 (30.5%)
3957 (24.9%)
4069 (25.6%)
-0.02
Use of ARBs; n (%)
323 (15.0%)
332 (15.4%)
-0.01
691 (12.2%)
745 (13.1%)
-0.03
1,583 (19.6%)
1,624 (20.1%)
2597 (16.3%)
2701 (17.0%)
-0.02
Use of Loop Diuretics - United; n (%)
189 (8.8%)
195 (9.1%)
-0.01
333 (5.9%)
336 (5.9%)
0.00
967 (12.0%)
1,047 (13.0%)
1489 (9.4%)
1578 (9.9%)
-0.02
Use of other diuretics- United; n (%)
36 (1.7%)
37 (1.7%)
0.00
84 (1.5%)
80 (1.4%)
0.01
136 (1.7%)
166 (2.1%)
256 (1.6%)
283 (1.8%)
-0.02
Use of nitrates-United; n (%)
53 (2.5%)
53 (2.5%)
0.00
98 (1.7%)
96 (1.7%)
0.00
393 (4.9%)
401 (5.0%)
544 (3.4%)
550 (3.5%)
-0.01
Use of other hypertension drugs; n (%)
85 (3.9%)
83 (3.9%)
0.00
151 (2.7%)
159 (2.8%)
-0.01
474 (5.9%)
436 (5.4%)
710 (4.5%)
678 (4.3%)
0.01
Use of Anti-arrhythmics; n (%)
** (0.3%)
** (0.1%)
0.04
17 (0.3%)
** (0.2%)
0.02
28 (0.3%)
27 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of COPD/asthma meds- United; n (%)
418 (19.4%)
417 (19.4%)
0.00
941 (16.6%)
1,113 (19.6%)
-0.08
1,885 (23.4%)
1,847 (22.9%)
3244 (20.4%)
3377 (21.2%)
-0.02
Use of statins; n (%)
707 (32.8%)
726 (33.7%)
-0.02
1,422 (25.1%)
1,416 (25.0%)
0.00
3,609 (44.7%)
3,654 (45.3%)
5738 (36.1%)
5796 (36.5%)
-0.01
Use of other lipid-lowering drugs; n (%)
115 (5.3%)
133 (6.2%)
-0.04
293 (5.2%)
306 (5.4%)
-0.01
606 (7.5%)
620 (7.7%)
1014 (6.4%)
1059 (6.7%)
-0.01
Use of antiplatelet agents; n (%)
91 (4.2%)
95 (4.4%)
-0.01
223 (3.9%)
210 (3.7%)
0.01
597 (7.4%)
586 (7.3%)
911 (5.7%)
891 (5.6%)
0.00
Use of heparin and other low-molecular weight 
heparins; n (%)
243 (11.3%)
207 (9.6%)
0.06
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
650 (8.1%)
484 (6.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of NSAIDs; n (%)
489 (22.7%)
440 (20.4%)
0.06
1,388 (24.5%)
1,337 (23.6%)
0.02
1,650 (20.5%)
1,599 (19.8%)
3527 (22.2%)
3376 (21.2%)
0.02
Use of oral corticosteroids; n (%)
619 (28.8%)
619 (28.8%)
0.00
1,372 (24.2%)
1,678 (29.6%)
-0.12
2,737 (33.9%)
2,708 (33.6%)
4728 (29.7%)
5005 (31.5%)
-0.04
Use of bisphosphonate (United); n (%)
58 (2.7%)
63 (2.9%)
-0.01
48 (0.8%)
72 (1.3%)
-0.05
352 (4.4%)
348 (4.3%)
458 (2.9%)
483 (3.0%)
-0.01
Use of opioids- United; n (%)
1,105 (51.3%)
1,065 (49.5%)
0.04
3,029 (53.4%)
3,012 (53.1%)
0.01
3,819 (47.4%)
3,797 (47.1%)
7953 (50.0%)
7874 (49.5%)
0.01
Use of antidepressants; n (%)
614 (28.5%)
621 (28.8%)
-0.01
1,416 (25.0%)
1,411 (24.9%)
0.00
2,513 (31.2%)
2,528 (31.3%)
4543 (28.6%)
4560 (28.7%)
0.00
Use of antipsychotics; n (%)
109 (5.1%)
120 (5.6%)
-0.02
211 (3.7%)
204 (3.6%)
0.01
453 (5.6%)
461 (5.7%)
773 (4.9%)
785 (4.9%)
0.00
Labs
7,828 
7,828 
Lab values- HbA1c (%) v3; n (%)
259 (12.0%)
263 (12.2%)
-0.01
42 (0.7%)
49 (0.9%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
301 (3.8%)
312 (4.0%)
-0.01
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 3 months) v3; n (%)
164 (7.6%)
161 (7.5%)
0.00
27 (0.5%)
41 (0.7%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
191 (2.4%)
202 (2.6%)
-0.01
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 6 months) v3; n (%)
259 (12.0%)
263 (12.2%)
-0.01
42 (0.7%)
49 (0.9%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
301 (3.8%)
312 (4.0%)
-0.01
Lab values- BNP; n (%)
23 (1.1%)
29 (1.3%)
-0.02
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 3 months); n (%)
23 (1.1%)
27 (1.3%)
-0.02
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 6 months); n (%)
23 (1.1%)
29 (1.3%)
-0.02
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl); n (%)
508 (23.6%)
589 (27.4%)
-0.09
51 (0.9%)
68 (1.2%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
559 (7.1%)
657 (8.4%)
-0.05
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
358 (16.6%)
415 (19.3%)
-0.07
36 (0.6%)
53 (0.9%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
394 (5.0%)
468 (6.0%)
-0.04
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
508 (23.6%)
589 (27.4%)
-0.09
51 (0.9%)
68 (1.2%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
559 (7.1%)
657 (8.4%)
-0.05
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
512 (23.8%)
608 (28.2%)
-0.10
52 (0.9%)
74 (1.3%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
564 (7.2%)
682 (8.7%)
-0.06
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; 
n (%)
359 (16.7%)
431 (20.0%)
-0.09
37 (0.7%)
57 (1.0%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
396 (5.1%)
488 (6.2%)
-0.05
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; 
n (%)
512 (23.8%)
608 (28.2%)
-0.10
52 (0.9%)
74 (1.3%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
564 (7.2%)
682 (8.7%)
-0.06
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl); n (%)
314 (14.6%)
352 (16.3%)
-0.05
35 (0.6%)
44 (0.8%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
349 (4.5%)
396 (5.1%)
-0.03
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
179 (8.3%)
191 (8.9%)
-0.02
21 (0.4%)
28 (0.5%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
200 (2.6%)
219 (2.8%)
-0.01
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
314 (14.6%)
352 (16.3%)
-0.05
35 (0.6%)
44 (0.8%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
349 (4.5%)
396 (5.1%)
-0.03
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
324 (15.0%)
363 (16.9%)
-0.05
38 (0.7%)
44 (0.8%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
362 (4.6%)
407 (5.2%)
-0.03
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; n 
(%)
181 (8.4%)
197 (9.2%)
-0.03
24 (0.4%)
28 (0.5%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
205 (2.6%)
225 (2.9%)
-0.02
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; n 
(%)
324 (15.0%)
363 (16.9%)
-0.05
38 (0.7%)
44 (0.8%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
362 (4.6%)
407 (5.2%)
-0.03
Lab values- NT-proBNP; n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.3%)
-0.02
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 3 months); n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.3%)
-0.02
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 6 months); n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.3%)
-0.02
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
321 (14.9%)
355 (16.5%)
-0.04
35 (0.6%)
45 (0.8%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
356 (4.5%)
400 (5.1%)
-0.03
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 3 
months) v2; n (%)
183 (8.5%)
192 (8.9%)
-0.01
21 (0.4%)
29 (0.5%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
204 (2.6%)
221 (2.8%)
-0.01
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 6 
months) v2; n (%)
321 (14.9%)
355 (16.5%)
-0.04
35 (0.6%)
45 (0.8%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
356 (4.5%)
400 (5.1%)
-0.03
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl); n (%)
316 (14.7%)
351 (16.3%)
-0.04
34 (0.6%)
43 (0.8%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
350 (4.5%)
394 (5.0%)
-0.02
Appendix B

Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 3 
months); n (%)
181 (8.4%)
190 (8.8%)
-0.01
20 (0.4%)
28 (0.5%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
201 (2.6%)
218 (2.8%)
-0.01
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 6 
months); n (%)
316 (14.7%)
351 (16.3%)
-0.04
34 (0.6%)
43 (0.8%)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
350 (4.5%)
394 (5.0%)
-0.02
Lab result number- HbA1c (%) mean (only 2 to 20 
included) v4
258
 
259
 
41
 
47
 
N/A
N/A
299 
306 
...mean (sd)
6.67 (1.56)
6.63 (1.56)
0.03
7.09 (1.30)
7.13 (1.71)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
6.73 (1.53)
6.71 (1.59)
0.01
...Missing; n (%)
1,895 (88.0%)
1,894 (88.0%)
0.00
5,634 (99.3%)
5,628 (99.2%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
7,529 (96.2%)
7,522 (96.1%)
0.01
Lab result number- BNP mean v2
23
 
29
 
2 
3 
N/A
N/A
25 
32 
...mean (sd)
65.94 (82.23)
155.95 (239.40)
-0.50
38.70 (3.11)
75.00 (68.46)
-0.75
N/A
N/A
63.76 (82.23)
148.36 (235.92)
-0.48
...Missing; n (%)
2,130 (98.9%)
2,124 (98.7%)
0.02
5,673 (100.0%)
5,672 (99.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
7,803 (99.7%)
7,796 (99.6%)
0.02
Lab result number- BUN (mg/dl) mean v2
508 
589 
51 
68 
N/A
N/A
559 
657 
...mean (sd)
16.85 (6.32)
16.63 (6.05)
0.04
3,939.06 (28,003.10)
1,780.81 (14,550.16)
0.10
N/A
N/A
374.69 (8397.57)
199.22 (4657.11)
0.03
...Missing; n (%)
1,645 (76.4%)
1,564 (72.6%)
0.09
5,624 (99.1%)
5,607 (98.8%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
7,269 (92.9%)
7,171 (91.6%)
0.05
Lab result number- Creatinine (mg/dl) mean (only 0.1 
to 15 included) v3
508 
601 
49 
72 
N/A
N/A
557 
673 
...mean (sd)
0.97 (0.31)
0.94 (0.24)
0.11
1.01 (0.26)
0.96 (0.26)
0.19
N/A
N/A
0.97 (0.31)
0.94 (0.24)
0.11
...Missing; n (%)
1,645 (76.4%)
1,552 (72.1%)
0.10
5,626 (99.1%)
5,603 (98.7%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
7,271 (92.9%)
7,155 (91.4%)
0.06
Lab result number- HDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
314 
352 
35 
43 
N/A
N/A
349 
395 
...mean (sd)
53.71 (16.56)
52.98 (16.30)
0.04
46.42 (18.95)
48.02 (16.23)
-0.09
N/A
N/A
52.98 (16.83)
52.44 (16.31)
0.03
...Missing; n (%)
1,839 (85.4%)
1,801 (83.7%)
0.05
5,640 (99.4%)
5,632 (99.2%)
0.02
N/A
N/A
7,479 (95.5%)
7,433 (95.0%)
0.02
Lab result number- LDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
318 
351 
32 
41 
N/A
N/A
350 
392 
...mean (sd)
102.29 (35.24)
102.76 (39.24)
-0.01
100.14 (43.88)
102.63 (43.57)
-0.06
N/A
N/A
102.09 (36.15)
102.75 (39.76)
-0.02
...Missing; n (%)
1,835 (85.2%)
1,802 (83.7%)
0.04
5,643 (99.4%)
5,634 (99.3%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
7,478 (95.5%)
7,436 (95.0%)
0.02
Lab result number- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
320 
354 
35 
44 
N/A
N/A
355 
398 
...mean (sd)
186.00 (39.30)
186.53 (44.31)
-0.01
179.03 (51.44)
184.27 (47.29)
-0.11
N/A
N/A
185.31 (40.69)
186.28 (44.70)
-0.02
...Missing; n (%)
1,833 (85.1%)
1,799 (83.6%)
0.04
5,640 (99.4%)
5,631 (99.2%)
0.02
N/A
N/A
7,473 (95.5%)
7,430 (94.9%)
0.03
Lab result number- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
316 
351 
34 
42 
N/A
N/A
350 
393 
...mean (sd)
141.37 (80.85)
145.40 (97.12)
-0.05
161.92 (102.42)
148.55 (81.44)
0.14
N/A
N/A
143.37 (83.26)
145.74 (95.72)
-0.03
...Missing; n (%)
1,837 (85.3%)
1,802 (83.7%)
0.04
5,641 (99.4%)
5,633 (99.3%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
7,478 (95.5%)
7,435 (95.0%)
0.02
Lab result number- Hemoglobin mean (only >0 
included)
427 
464 
42 
56 
N/A
N/A
469 
520 
...mean (sd)
13.45 (1.77)
13.33 (1.82)
0.07
3,417.04 (22,063.44)
2,673.48 (19,909.23)
0.04
N/A
N/A
318.25 (6544.44)
299.81 (6493.68)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
1,726 (80.2%)
1,689 (78.4%)
0.04
5,633 (99.3%)
5,619 (99.0%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
7,359 (94.0%)
7,308 (93.4%)
0.02
Lab result number- Serum sodium mean (only > 90 
and < 190 included)
495 
574 
47 
67 
N/A
N/A
542 
641 
...mean (sd)
140.20 (2.66)
140.06 (2.68)
0.05
139.22 (3.38)
139.19 (2.55)
0.01
N/A
N/A
140.12 (2.73)
139.97 (2.67)
0.06
...Missing; n (%)
1,658 (77.0%)
1,579 (73.3%)
0.09
5,628 (99.2%)
5,608 (98.8%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
7,286 (93.1%)
7,187 (91.8%)
0.05
Lab result number- Albumin mean (only >0 and <=10 
included)
472 
522 
42 
55 
N/A
N/A
514 
577 
...mean (sd)
4.08 (0.39)
4.10 (0.36)
-0.05
3.91 (0.93)
4.02 (0.66)
-0.14
N/A
N/A
4.07 (0.46)
4.09 (0.40)
-0.05
...Missing; n (%)
1,681 (78.1%)
1,631 (75.8%)
0.05
5,633 (99.3%)
5,620 (99.0%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
7,314 (93.4%)
7,251 (92.6%)
0.03
Lab result number- Glucose (fasting or random) mean 
(only 10-1000 included)
491 
568 
50 
71 
N/A
N/A
541 
639 
...mean (sd)
113.45 (43.92)
110.67 (37.41)
0.07
142.44 (59.71)
144.25 (99.21)
-0.02
N/A
N/A
116.13 (45.62)
114.40 (48.28)
0.04
...Missing; n (%)
1,662 (77.2%)
1,585 (73.6%)
0.08
5,625 (99.1%)
5,604 (98.7%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
7,287 (93.1%)
7,189 (91.8%)
0.05
Lab result number- Potassium mean (only 1-7 
included)
507 
592 
48 
64 
N/A
N/A
555 
656 
...mean (sd)
4.33 (0.42)
4.32 (0.42)
0.02
4.30 (0.44)
4.24 (0.40)
0.14
N/A
N/A
4.33 (0.42)
4.31 (0.42)
0.05
...Missing; n (%)
1,646 (76.5%)
1,561 (72.5%)
0.09
5,627 (99.2%)
5,611 (98.9%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
7,273 (92.9%)
7,172 (91.6%)
0.05
Comorbidity Scores
CCI (180 days)- ICD9 and ICD10 v2
...mean (sd)
2.79 (2.31)
2.78 (2.47)
0.00
1.74 (2.00)
1.69 (2.04)
0.02
2.57 (2.34)
2.53 (2.39)
2.30 (2.22)
2.26 (2.28)
0.02
Non-Frailty; n (%)
1,041 (48.4%)
1,027 (47.7%)
0.01
2,447 (43.1%)
2,383 (42.0%)
0.02
310 (3.8%)
252 (3.1%)
3,798 (23.9%)
3,662 (23.0%)
0.02
Frailty Score (mean): Empirical Version 365 days, v2
...mean (sd)
0.19 (0.06)
0.19 (0.07)
0.00
0.16 (0.05)
0.16 (0.05)
0.00
0.09 (0.07)
0.10 (0.07)
0.13 (0.06)
0.13 (0.06)
0.00
Healthcare Utilization
Any hospitalization; n (%)
2,034 (94.5%)
2,011 (93.4%)
0.05
5,674 (100.0%)
5,675 (100.0%)
#DIV/0!
7,678 (95.2%)
7,733 (95.9%)
15,386 (96.8%)
15,419 (97.0%)
-0.01
Any hospitalization within prior 30 days; n (%)
1,966 (91.3%)
1,967 (91.4%)
0.00
5,661 (99.8%)
5,658 (99.7%)
0.02
7,617 (94.4%)
7,655 (94.9%)
15244 (95.9%)
15280 (96.1%)
-0.01
Any hospitalization during prior 31-180 days; n (%)
262 (12.2%)
247 (11.5%)
0.02
448 (7.9%)
415 (7.3%)
0.02
1,216 (15.1%)
1,052 (13.0%)
1926 (12.1%)
1714 (10.8%)
0.04
Internal medicine/family medicine visits; n (%)
1,920 (89.2%)
1,911 (88.8%)
0.01
4,445 (78.3%)
4,436 (78.2%)
0.00
7,824 (97.0%)
7,851 (97.3%)
14189 (89.3%)
14198 (89.3%)
0.00
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (30 days 
prior) v2; n (%)
1,743 (81.0%)
1,723 (80.0%)
0.03
3,220 (56.7%)
3,134 (55.2%)
0.03
7,554 (93.7%)
7,574 (93.9%)
12517 (78.8%)
12431 (78.2%)
0.01
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (31 to 180 
days prior) v2; n (%)
1,375 (63.9%)
1,360 (63.2%)
0.01
3,520 (62.0%)
3,585 (63.2%)
-0.02
5,892 (73.1%)
5,955 (73.8%)
10787 (67.9%)
10900 (68.6%)
-0.02
Cardiologist visit; n (%)
1,530 (71.1%)
1,486 (69.0%)
0.05
1,416 (25.0%)
1,453 (25.6%)
-0.01
5,922 (73.4%)
5,904 (73.2%)
8868 (55.8%)
8843 (55.6%)
0.00
Number of Cardiologist visits (30 days prior); n (%)
1,393 (64.7%)
1,361 (63.2%)
0.03
1,000 (17.6%)
1,011 (17.8%)
-0.01
5,390 (66.8%)
5,362 (66.5%)
7783 (49.0%)
7734 (48.7%)
0.01
Number of Cardiologist visits (31 to 180 days prior); 
n (%)
405 (18.8%)
404 (18.8%)
0.00
619 (10.9%)
637 (11.2%)
-0.01
2,029 (25.2%)
2,030 (25.2%)
3053 (19.2%)
3071 (19.3%)
0.00
Electrocardiogram v2; n (%)
1,793 (83.3%)
1,843 (85.6%)
-0.06
2,747 (48.4%)
2,750 (48.5%)
0.00
7,025 (87.1%)
7,025 (87.1%)
11565 (72.8%)
11618 (73.1%)
-0.01
Use of glucose test strips; n (%)
28 (1.3%)
29 (1.3%)
0.00
46 (0.8%)
46 (0.8%)
0.00
98 (1.2%)
98 (1.2%)
172 (1.1%)
173 (1.1%)
0.00
Dialysis; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Appendix B

number of different/distinct medication 
prescriptions
...mean (sd)
9.05 (5.56)
9.04 (5.50)
0.00
8.49 (5.04)
8.53 (5.59)
-0.01
9.74 (4.89)
9.85 (4.98)
9.20 (5.04)
9.27 (5.28)
-0.01
Number of Hospitalizations
...mean (sd)
1.16 (0.62)
1.17 (0.70)
-0.02
1.18 (0.52)
1.17 (0.48)
0.02
1.25 (0.72)
1.26 (0.68)
1.21 (0.64)
1.22 (0.62)
-0.02
Number of hospital days
...mean (sd)
5.88 (3.52)
5.78 (5.88)
0.02
5.05 (3.36)
4.99 (4.88)
0.01
6.38 (3.73)
6.32 (6.02)
5.84 (3.57)
5.77 (5.62)
0.01
Number of Emergency Department (ED) visits v3
...mean (sd)
1.58 (2.36)
1.60 (2.03)
-0.01
3.00 (4.68)
2.87 (4.74)
0.03
1.67 (1.95)
1.72 (2.10)
2.13 (3.24)
2.11 (3.29)
0.01
Number of Office visits
...mean (sd)
5.23 (4.60)
5.24 (4.55)
0.00
4.86 (4.49)
4.89 (4.50)
-0.01
13.55 (14.34)
13.53 (13.73)
9.32 (10.70)
9.32 (10.28)
0.00
Number of internal medicine/family medicine visits
...mean (sd)
11.10 (14.06)
9.98 (12.28)
0.08
5.68 (9.10)
5.56 (8.53)
0.01
12.71 (10.92)
11.84 (10.57)
9.98 (10.81)
9.35 (10.15)
0.06
Number of Cardiologist visits
...mean (sd)
2.39 (3.48)
2.36 (3.42)
0.01
0.64 (1.87)
0.63 (2.02)
0.01
2.81 (4.08)
2.87 (4.25)
1.98 (3.37)
2.00 (3.49)
-0.01
Number electrocardiograms received v2
...mean (sd)
1.98 (2.14)
2.01 (2.00)
-0.01
0.83 (1.16)
0.83 (1.22)
0.00
2.02 (1.75)
2.03 (1.70)
1.59 (1.63)
1.60 (1.59)
-0.01
Number of HbA1c tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.32 (0.65)
0.32 (0.64)
0.00
0.20 (0.51)
0.20 (0.50)
0.00
0.35 (0.66)
0.35 (0.65)
0.29 (0.61)
0.29 (0.60)
0.00
Number of glucose tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.21 (1.51)
0.19 (0.99)
0.02
0.10 (0.52)
0.11 (0.78)
-0.02
0.14 (0.59)
0.14 (0.54)
0.14 (0.76)
0.14 (0.71)
0.00
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.47 (0.72)
0.50 (1.17)
-0.03
0.35 (0.72)
0.35 (0.70)
0.00
0.55 (0.71)
0.55 (0.74)
0.47 (0.71)
0.47 (0.80)
0.00
Total N distinct ICD9/ICD10 diagnoses at the 3rd 
digit level Copy
...mean (sd)
11.03 (11.87)
11.05 (12.50)
0.00
7.05 (9.40)
6.75 (9.53)
0.03
13.29 (12.56)
12.93 (13.09)
10.76 (11.43)
10.47 (11.86)
0.02
For PS
Hemorrhagic stroke+Other cerebrovascular 
disease+Cerebrovascular procedure (for PS); n (%)
33 (1.5%)
29 (1.3%)
0.02
44 (0.8%)
39 (0.7%)
0.01
157 (1.9%)
172 (2.1%)
234 (1.5%)
240 (1.5%)
0.00
Major trauma potentially causing prolonged immobili
173 (8.0%)
170 (7.9%)
#DIV/0!
379 (6.7%)
349 (6.1%)
#DIV/0!
559 (6.9%)
538 (6.7%)
379 (6.7%)
349 (6.1%)
0.02
Occurrence of creatinine tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
159 (7.4%)
154 (7.2%)
0.01
327 (5.8%)
314 (5.5%)
0.01
846 (10.5%)
782 (9.7%)
1332 (8.4%)
1250 (7.9%)
0.02
Occurrence of BUN tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
78 (3.6%)
76 (3.5%)
0.01
153 (2.7%)
169 (3.0%)
-0.02
407 (5.0%)
413 (5.1%)
638 (4.0%)
658 (4.1%)
-0.01
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency w/o CKD 
(for PS) v2; n (%)
118 (5.5%)
122 (5.7%)
-0.01
142 (2.5%)
136 (2.4%)
0.01
464 (5.8%)
515 (6.4%)
724 (4.6%)
773 (4.9%)
-0.01
Chronic kidney disease Stage 1-2 (for PS); n (%)
52 (2.4%)
55 (2.6%)
-0.01
43 (0.8%)
49 (0.9%)
-0.01
129 (1.6%)
133 (1.6%)
224 (1.4%)
237 (1.5%)
-0.01
Chronic kidney disease Stage 3-6 (for PS); n (%)
154 (7.2%)
158 (7.3%)
0.00
121 (2.1%)
139 (2.4%)
-0.02
595 (7.4%)
649 (8.0%)
870 (5.5%)
946 (6.0%)
-0.02
Acute kidney injury; n (%)
238 (11.1%)
231 (10.7%)
#DIV/0!
350 (6.2%)
363 (6.4%)
#DIV/0!
824 (10.2%)
887 (11.0%)
350 (6.2%)
363 (6.4%)
-0.01
Bladder stones+Kidney stones (for PS); n (%)
87 (4.0%)
62 (2.9%)
0.06
167 (2.9%)
179 (3.2%)
-0.02
312 (3.9%)
275 (3.4%)
566 (3.6%)
516 (3.2%)
0.02
Alcohol abuse or dependence+Drug abuse or 
dependence (for PS); n (%)
131 (6.1%)
127 (5.9%)
0.01
220 (3.9%)
205 (3.6%)
0.02
186 (2.3%)
166 (2.1%)
537 (3.4%)
498 (3.1%)
0.02
Other atherosclerosis+Cardiac conduction 
disorders+Other CVD (for PS) v2 Copy; n (%)
668 (31.0%)
666 (30.9%)
0.00
1,387 (24.4%)
1,374 (24.2%)
0.00
2,499 (31.0%)
2,539 (31.5%)
4554 (28.7%)
4579 (28.8%)
0.00
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) + 
History of CABG or PTCA (for PS) v3; n (%)
94 (4.4%)
92 (4.3%)
0.00
85 (1.5%)
77 (1.4%)
0.01
698 (8.7%)
736 (9.1%)
877 (5.5%)
905 (5.7%)
-0.01
Diabetes with complication; n (%)
194 (9.0%)
192 (8.9%)
#DIV/0!
246 (4.3%)
251 (4.4%)
#DIV/0!
611 (7.6%)
661 (8.2%)
246 (4.3%)
251 (4.4%)
0.00
Delirium + Psychosis (for PS); n (%)
112 (5.2%)
133 (6.2%)
-0.04
153 (2.7%)
137 (2.4%)
0.02
469 (5.8%)
463 (5.7%)
734 (4.6%)
733 (4.6%)
0.00
Any use of Meglitinides (for PS); n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
** (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
29 (0.4%)
24 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Any use of AGIs (for PS); n (%)
** (0.0%)
**(0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
CKD stage 3-6 + dialysis (for PS); n (%)
154 (7.2%)
159 (7.4%)
-0.01
121 (2.1%)
139 (2.4%)
-0.02
598 (7.4%)
651 (8.1%)
873 (5.5%)
949 (6.0%)
-0.02
Use of thiazide; n (%)
184 (8.5%)
197 (9.2%)
-0.02
388 (6.8%)
414 (7.3%)
-0.02
964 (12.0%)
1,010 (12.5%)
1536 (9.7%)
1621 (10.2%)
-0.02
Use of beta blockers; n (%)
517 (24.0%)
523 (24.3%)
-0.01
1,040 (18.3%)
1,072 (18.9%)
-0.02
2,759 (34.2%)
2,859 (35.4%)
4316 (27.2%)
4454 (28.0%)
-0.02
Use of calcium channel blockers; n (%)
392 (18.2%)
406 (18.9%)
-0.02
825 (14.5%)
832 (14.7%)
-0.01
2,170 (26.9%)
2,197 (27.2%)
3387 (21.3%)
3435 (21.6%)
-0.01
All antidiabetic medications except Insulin; n (%)
308 (14.3%)
331 (15.4%)
-0.03
650 (11.5%)
655 (11.5%)
0.00
1,245 (15.4%)
1,281 (15.9%)
2203 (13.9%)
2267 (14.3%)
-0.01
DM Medications - Insulin Copy; n (%)
109 (5.1%)
104 (4.8%)
0.01
219 (3.9%)
224 (3.9%)
0.00
276 (3.4%)
297 (3.7%)
604 (3.8%)
625 (3.9%)
-0.01
Use of Low Intensity Statins; n (%)
433 (20.1%)
458 (21.3%)
-0.03
804 (14.2%)
874 (15.4%)
-0.03
2,351 (29.2%)
2,398 (29.7%)
3588 (22.6%)
3730 (23.5%)
-0.02
Use of High Intensity Statins; n (%)
282 (13.1%)
285 (13.2%)
0.00
593 (10.4%)
540 (9.5%)
0.03
1,285 (15.9%)
1,313 (16.3%)
2160 (13.6%)
2138 (13.5%)
0.00
Malignant hypertension; n (%)
79 (3.7%)
123 (5.7%)
-0.09
1,702 (30.0%)
1,848 (32.6%)
-0.06
2,901 (36.0%)
3,205 (39.7%)
4682 (29.5%)
5176 (32.6%)
-0.07
Cardiovascular stress test; n (%)
17 (0.8%)
** (0.3%)
0.07
41 (0.7%)
27 (0.5%)
0.03
94 (1.2%)
97 (1.2%)
152 (1.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Echocardiogram; n (%)
1,240 (57.6%)
1,203 (55.9%)
0.03
3,183 (56.1%)
3,236 (57.0%)
-0.02
4,635 (57.5%)
4,681 (58.0%)
9058 (57.0%)
9120 (57.4%)
-0.01
Number of BNP tests
...mean (sd)
0.11 (0.39)
0.12 (0.39)
-0.03
0.10 (0.36)
0.10 (0.35)
0.00
0.15 (0.41)
0.16 (0.44)
0.13 (0.39)
0.13 (0.40)
0.00
Number of Cardiac biomarkers tests (tropnin, CK-MBs, Myoglobin, CPK)
...mean (sd)
0.49 (1.92)
0.49 (1.37)
0.00
0.36 (1.04)
0.38 (1.28)
-0.02
0.30 (0.62)
0.32 (0.66)
0.35 (1.04)
0.36 (1.03)
0.00
Number of Ambulatory Blood pressure monitoring tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00 (0.00)
#DIV/0!
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.01)
0.00
0.00 (0.00)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00 (0.01)
0.00 (0.01)
0.00
N of days on antihypertensive medications during baseline
...mean (sd)
77.64 (79.51)
81.69 (80.51)
-0.05
62.17 (77.97)
63.02 (77.51)
-0.01
110.17 (77.59)
112.91 (76.57)
88.62 (77.99)
90.87 (77.45)
0.00
N of days in database anytime prior
...mean (sd)
1,744.50 (1,301.73)
1,772.23 (1,328.01)
-0.02
1,984.17 (1,373.99)
2,044.08 (1,376.43)
-0.04
638.67 (341.16)
621.10 (306.74)
1268.92 (981.16)
1285.15 (981.38)
0.00
Mean Copay for per prescription cost (charges in U.S. $) (180-1 day prior)
...mean (sd)
22.68 (37.15)
21.62 (36.53)
0.03
14.31 (19.86)
14.46 (36.77)
-0.01
109.17 (121.45)
109.27 (115.41)
63.58 (88.39)
63.54 (86.16)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
149 (6.9%)
137 (6.4%)
0.02
504 (8.9%)
484 (8.5%)
0.01
246 (3.1%)
247 (3.1%)
899 (5.7%)
868 (5.5%)
0.01
Appendix B

Colonoscopy; n (%)
82 (3.8%)
82 (3.8%)
0.00
212 (3.7%)
211 (3.7%)
0.00
386 (4.8%)
354 (4.4%)
680 (4.3%)
647 (4.1%)
0.01
Fecal occult blood (FOB) test; n (%)
66 (3.1%)
74 (3.4%)
-0.02
192 (3.4%)
190 (3.3%)
0.01
213 (2.6%)
217 (2.7%)
471 (3.0%)
481 (3.0%)
0.00
Flu vaccine; n (%)
329 (15.3%)
332 (15.4%)
0.00
576 (10.1%)
577 (10.2%)
0.00
2,499 (31.0%)
2,520 (31.2%)
3404 (21.4%)
3429 (21.6%)
0.00
Mammogram; n (%)
259 (12.0%)
264 (12.3%)
-0.01
565 (10.0%)
569 (10.0%)
0.00
1,091 (13.5%)
1,051 (13.0%)
1915 (12.0%)
1884 (11.9%)
0.00
Pap smear; n (%)
105 (4.9%)
116 (5.4%)
-0.02
447 (7.9%)
442 (7.8%)
0.00
235 (2.9%)
231 (2.9%)
787 (5.0%)
789 (5.0%)
0.00
Pneumonia vaccine; n (%)
332 (15.4%)
312 (14.5%)
0.03
385 (6.8%)
370 (6.5%)
0.01
1,839 (22.8%)
1,696 (21.0%)
2556 (16.1%)
2378 (15.0%)
0.03
PSA test or Prostate exam for DRE; n (%)
201 (9.3%)
201 (9.3%)
0.00
463 (8.2%)
480 (8.5%)
-0.01
939 (11.6%)
905 (11.2%)
1603 (10.1%)
1586 (10.0%)
0.00
Bone mineral density; n (%)
71 (3.3%)
73 (3.4%)
-0.01
93 (1.6%)
95 (1.7%)
-0.01
399 (4.9%)
389 (4.8%)
563 (3.5%)
557 (3.5%)
0.00
Use of CNS stimulants; n (%)
18 (0.8%)
18 (0.8%)
0.00
65 (1.1%)
93 (1.6%)
-0.04
37 (0.5%)
39 (0.5%)
120 (0.8%)
150 (0.9%)
-0.01
Use of estrogens, progestins, androgens; n (%)
197 (9.2%)
183 (8.5%)
0.02
817 (14.4%)
822 (14.5%)
0.00
331 (4.1%)
320 (4.0%)
1345 (8.5%)
1325 (8.3%)
0.01
Use of Angiogenesis inhibitors; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Oral Immunosuppressants; n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
15 (0.3%)
13 (0.2%)
0.02
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of fondaparinux or Bivalirudin; n (%)
** (0.3%)
** (0.3%)
0.00
** (0.2%)
15 (0.3%)
-0.02
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of other direct thrombin inhibitors (lepirudin, des
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Use of Ticagrelor ON CED; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Ticagrelor; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Number of D-dimer tests
...mean (sd)
0.13 (0.36)
0.11 (0.36)
0.06
0.14 (0.39)
0.13 (0.38)
0.03
0.13 (0.37)
0.13 (0.36)
0.13 (0.38)
0.13 (0.37)
0.00
Numbe of CRP, high-sensitivity CRP tests
...mean (sd)
0.12 (0.49)
0.11 (0.48)
0.02
0.08 (0.46)
0.08 (0.41)
0.00
0.14 (0.55)
0.14 (0.59)
0.12 (0.51)
0.11 (0.52)
0.00
Number of PT or aPTTt tests
...mean (sd)
0.66 (1.64)
0.64 (1.64)
0.01
0.53 (1.27)
0.50 (1.36)
0.02
0.35 (0.78)
0.35 (0.84)
0.46 (1.12)
0.44 (1.18)
0.00
Number of Bleeding time tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00 (0.00)
#DIV/0!
0.00 (0.00)
0.00 (0.01)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
HAS-BLED Score (ICD-9 and ICD-10), 180 days
...mean (sd)
2.77 (1.05)
2.78 (1.01)
-0.01
2.25 (0.99)
2.26 (0.96)
-0.01
3.45 (0.80)
3.46 (0.79)
2.93 (0.91)
2.94 (0.89)
0.00
N of Generic name drugs
...mean (sd)
15.55 (13.45)
15.82 (15.34)
-0.02
12.64 (11.01)
12.67 (12.69)
0.00
17.54 (13.04)
18.06 (15.69)
15.52 (12.41)
15.83 (14.64)
0.00
N of Brand name drugs
...mean (sd)
3.36 (5.57)
3.32 (3.34)
0.01
3.47 (5.19)
3.52 (3.38)
-0.01
3.69 (5.67)
3.68 (3.75)
3.57 (5.49)
3.57 (3.57)
0.00
Use of clopidogrel ; n (%)
55 (2.6%)
65 (3.0%)
-0.02
101 (1.8%)
97 (1.7%)
0.01
398 (4.9%)
418 (5.2%)
554 (3.5%)
580 (3.6%)
-0.01
Systemic embolism; n (%)
52 (2.4%)
45 (2.1%)
0.02
90 (1.6%)
103 (1.8%)
-0.02
125 (1.5%)
109 (1.4%)
267 (1.7%)
257 (1.6%)
0.01
DVT; n (%)
1,045 (48.5%)
1,024 (47.6%)
0.02
2,760 (48.6%)
2,714 (47.8%)
0.02
3,571 (44.3%)
3,541 (43.9%)
7376 (46.4%)
7279 (45.8%)
0.01
Post-thrombotic syndrome; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
PE; n (%)
2,153 (100.0%)
2,153 (100.0%)
#DIV/0!
5,673 (100.0%)
5,670 (99.9%)
0.04
8,060 (99.9%)
8,061 (100.0%)
15886 (100.0%)
15884 (99.9%)
0.04
Coagulation defects; n (%)
61 (2.8%)
57 (2.6%)
#DIV/0!
136 (2.4%)
147 (2.6%)
#DIV/0!
130 (1.6%)
129 (1.6%)
136 (2.4%)
147 (2.6%)
-0.01
Diabetes: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims within 18
462 (21.5%)
486 (22.6%)
-0.03
879 (15.5%)
890 (15.7%)
-0.01
1,976 (24.5%)
2,034 (25.2%)
3317 (20.9%)
3410 (21.5%)
-0.01
Intracranial or retroperitoneal hemorrhage: 1 inpatien
**(0.0%)
**(0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peptic Ulcer Disease; n (%)
639 (29.7%)
621 (28.8%)
0.02
1,051 (18.5%)
1,072 (18.9%)
-0.01
2,798 (34.7%)
2,786 (34.5%)
4488 (28.2%)
4479 (28.2%)
0.00
Major Surgery ; n (%)
181 (8.4%)
166 (7.7%)
#DIV/0!
319 (5.6%)
326 (5.7%)
#DIV/0!
810 (10.0%)
775 (9.6%)
319 (5.6%)
326 (5.7%)
0.00
Upper GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Lower/ unspecified GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Urogenital bleed; n (%)
15 (0.7%)
13 (0.6%)
0.01
50 (0.9%)
48 (0.8%)
0.01
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
61 (0.4%)
#VALUE!
Other bleeds; n (%)
113 (5.2%)
100 (4.6%)
0.03
201 (3.5%)
201 (3.5%)
0.00
393 (4.9%)
390 (4.8%)
707 (4.4%)
691 (4.3%)
0.00
Prior cancer; n (%)
353 (16.4%)
337 (15.7%)
0.02
593 (10.4%)
565 (10.0%)
0.01
1,581 (19.6%)
1,430 (17.7%)
2527 (15.9%)
2332 (14.7%)
0.03
Antibiotics; n (%)
1,052 (48.9%)
1,088 (50.5%)
#DIV/0!
2,823 (49.7%)
2,803 (49.4%)
#DIV/0!
4,541 (56.3%)
4,569 (56.7%)
2,823 (49.7%)
2,803 (49.4%)
0.01
Aspirin; n (%)
15 (0.7%)
13 (0.6%)
0.01
74 (1.3%)
77 (1.4%)
-0.01
28 (0.3%)
34 (0.4%)
117 (0.7%)
124 (0.8%)
-0.01
Aspirin/dipyridamole; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
20 (0.2%)
24 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other antiplatelet agents; n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
29 (0.4%)
28 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
PGP inhibitors; n (%)
484 (22.5%)
480 (22.3%)
0.00
1,254 (22.1%)
1,233 (21.7%)
0.01
2,139 (26.5%)
2,148 (26.6%)
3877 (24.4%)
3861 (24.3%)
0.00
Other gastroprotective agents; n (%)
32 (1.5%)
29 (1.3%)
0.02
71 (1.3%)
71 (1.3%)
0.00
148 (1.8%)
162 (2.0%)
251 (1.6%)
262 (1.6%)
0.00
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.47 (0.72)
0.50 (1.17)
-0.03
0.35 (0.72)
0.35 (0.70)
0.00
0.58 (0.79)
0.58 (0.83)
0.48 (0.76)
0.49 (0.84)
0.00
Proton pump inhibitor; n (%)
528 (24.5%)
528 (24.5%)
0.00
1,233 (21.7%)
1,226 (21.6%)
0.00
2,637 (32.7%)
2,717 (33.7%)
4398 (27.7%)
4471 (28.1%)
-0.01
H2 receptor antagonist; n (%)
75 (3.5%)
89 (4.1%)
-0.03
186 (3.3%)
199 (3.5%)
-0.01
506 (6.3%)
511 (6.3%)
767 (4.8%)
799 (5.0%)
-0.01
Vitamin K therapy; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
Number of INR (prothrombin) tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.48 (1.24)
0.37 (0.92)
0.10
0.39 (0.95)
0.33 (0.81)
0.07
0.33 (0.72)
0.31 (0.68)
0.37 (0.89)
0.33 (0.76)
0.00
Treating prescriber - Cardiologist; n (%)
1,407 (65.4%)
1,372 (63.7%)
0.04
3,348 (59.0%)
3,290 (58.0%)
0.02
5,390 (66.8%)
5,362 (66.5%)
10145 (63.8%)
10024 (63.1%)
0.01
Treating prescriber - Primary Care Physician; n (%)
1,960 (91.0%)
1,960 (91.0%)
0.00
2,531 (44.6%)
2,528 (44.5%)
0.00
3,504 (43.4%)
3,546 (44.0%)
7995 (50.3%)
8034 (50.6%)
-0.01
Treating prescriber - Other; n (%)
2,143 (99.5%)
2,145 (99.6%)
-0.01
5,286 (93.1%)
5,294 (93.3%)
-0.01
8,058 (99.9%)
8,057 (99.9%)
15487 (97.4%)
15496 (97.5%)
-0.01
Alpha blockers; n (%)
170 (7.9%)
164 (7.6%)
0.01
281 (5.0%)
291 (5.1%)
0.00
827 (10.3%)
807 (10.0%)
1278 (8.0%)
1262 (7.9%)
0.00
CHA2DS2 VASc score, 180 days, V
...mean (sd)
3.05 (1.73)
3.21 (1.73)
-0.09
2.80 (1.64)
2.93 (1.60)
-0.08
3.97 (1.85)
4.17 (1.82)
3.43 (1.76)
3.60 (1.73)
0.00
Use of Prasugrel; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Loop Diuretics+other diuretics+other hypertens
282 (13.1%)
289 (13.4%)
-0.01
517 (9.1%)
523 (9.2%)
0.00
1,414 (17.5%)
1,476 (18.3%)
2213 (13.9%)
2288 (14.4%)
-0.01
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type Code - CORRECT ONE - OPTUM
0
0
...Commercial; n (%)
950 (44.1%)
878 (40.8%)
0.07
1204 (21.2%)
1281 (22.6%)
-0.03
-
-
2,154 (27.5%)
2,159 (27.6%)
0.00
...Medicare Advantage; n (%)
1,203 (55.9%)
1275 (59.2%)
-0.07
4471 (78.8%)
4394 (77.4%)
0.03
-
-
5,674 (72.5%)
5,669 (72.4%)
0.00
Appendix B

Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type Code
...COM = COMMERCIAL; n (%)
950 (44.1%)
878 (40.8%)
0.07
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
950 (44.1%)
878 (40.8%)
0.07
...MCR = MEDICARE; n (%)
1,203 (55.9%)
1,275 (59.2%)
-0.07
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
1,203 (55.9%)
1,275 (59.2%)
-0.07
...MCD = MEDICAID; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...NONE = NO BUSINESS LINE CODE (added in 2015); n (
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...UNK = UNKNOWN (added in 2015); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Data Type
-
-
0
0
-
-
...1 - Fee For Service; n (%)
-
-
3,978 (70.1%)
3,898 (68.7%)
-
-
3,978 (70.1%)
3,898 (68.7%)
0.00
...2 - Encounter; n (%)
-
-
493 (8.7%)
496 (8.7%)
-
-
493 (8.7%)
496 (8.7%)
0.00
...3 - Medicare; n (%)
-
-
1,080 (19.0%)
1,153 (20.3%)
-
-
1,080 (19.0%)
1,153 (20.3%)
0.00
...4 - Medicare Encounter; n (%)
-
-
124 (2.2%)
128 (2.3%)
-
-
124 (2.2%)
128 (2.3%)
0.00
Metropolitan Statistical Area - Urban (any MSA) vs Rural (non-MSA)
0
0
0.00
...Urban; n (%)
-
-
4,248 (74.9%)
4,262 (75.1%)
-
-
4,248 (74.9%)
4,262 (75.1%)
...Rural; n (%)
-
-
226 (4.0%)
198 (3.5%)
-
-
226 (4.0%)
198 (3.5%)
...Unknown/Missing; n (%)
-
-
1,201 (21.2%)
1,215 (21.4%)
-
-
1,201 (21.2%)
1,215 (21.4%)
Appendix B