The Relationship Between Knowledge, Self-care Behaviors, Fear, Social Support and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, and the Effectiveness of Multimedia Education on Hypoglycemic Management.
Phase: NA
Conditions: Type2diabetes, Hypoglycemia
Sponsor: Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital

 
 
 
 
 
 
The Effectiveness of Multimedia Education on 
Hypoglycemic Management 
(NCT06516705) 
 
 
 
 
2024/01/23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Study protocol 
 
Objectives 
 To investigate the effectiveness of multimedia hypoglycemia education compared 
to conventional hypoglycemia education on knowledge, self-care behavior, fear of 
hypoglycemia, social support, quality of life, nursing hours, education satisfaction, 
and the recurrence rate of hypoglycemic events among elderly individuals with type 2 
diabetes who have experienced hypoglycemic events. 
 
Methods  
Design: An experimental randomized controlled trial with a repeated measures design 
was conducted. They were recruited from the outpatient department of a medical 
center in southern Taiwan. Eligible participants were randomly assigned by computer 
to two groups and received hypoglycemia health education during their outpatient 
visits. 
Participants: Patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥60 years with blood glucose <70 
mg/dl in the past six months. Exclusion criteria: cognitive impairment, inability to 
perform daily activities, severe or unstable medical conditions. 
Procedure: Eligible participants who agreed to join the study proceeded to complete 
consent forms and relevant questionnaires. Before the intervention, both groups 
completed a pre-test (T1), which included questionnaires on sociodemographic data, 
the hypoglycemia management knowledge scale, hypoglycemia self-care behavior 
Scale, fear of hypoglycemia scale, social support scale, and quality of life scale. 
Participants were then computer-randomized during waiting periods to receive either 
multimedia hypoglycemia education as the experimental group, or conventional 
education as the contrast group. 
After the hypoglycemia education session, both groups underwent a post-test 
(T2), completing the hypoglycemia management knowledge scale and education 
satisfaction scale. Participants in the experimental group received a QR code for the 
multimedia hypoglycemia education, allowing them to view the education material 
again at home. Follow-up tests were conducted three months (T3) and six months (T4) 
after the intervention, during which participants completed questionnaires and 
provided data on any recurrent hypoglycemic events. 
 
SAP 
    Data were collected from December 2021 to December 2023. We recruited 83 
participants who were willing to receive hypoglycemia education interventions. 
However, one participant withdrew from the study due to a cancer diagnosis, leaving 

82 participants who completed the study. 41 participants received multimedia 
hypoglycemia education, and 41 received conventional hypoglycemia education. The 
collected data were subsequently analyzed statistically. Data analysis included 
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square, t tests, and 
generalized estimating equations (GEE). 
 
Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher mean scores in 
hypoglycemia knowledge (8-item scale), hypoglycemia self-care behavior (10-item 
scale), and education satisfaction compared to the contrast group. The nursing time 
spent by the experimental group was significantly lower than those of the contrast 
group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in hypoglycemia 
fear, social support, and quality of life. Within six months after receiving 
hypoglycemia education, the recurrence rate of hypoglycemic events decreased by 
61% in the experimental group and by 53.70% in the contrast group.