Effect of Neurotidine® (Citicoline Free Acid in Oral Solution) on Quality of Life in Patients With Glaucoma
Phase: NA
Conditions: Glaucoma
Sponsor: Omikron Italia S.r.l.

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Effect of Neurotidine® (citicoline free acid in oral solution) on 
quality of life in patients with glaucoma 
 
 
 
Protocol Number: NEUQOL2018 
EudraCT Number: 2018-002187-11 
 
 
Coordinators: 
Luca Rossetti, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo 
Francisco Goni, CTIG – Teknon, Barcelona 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  

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LIST OF CONTENTS 
 
1. 
STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE ................................................................................... 4 
2. 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ 6 
3. 
PROTOCOL SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 8 
4. 
SCHEDULE OF ASSESSMENTS .................................................................................. 11 
5. 
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 11 
6. 
OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 14 
7. 
STUDY OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................... 14 
8. 
PATIENTS ....................................................................................................................... 14 
8.1 
Inclusion Criteria ....................................................................................................... 14 
8.2 
Exclusion Criteria ...................................................................................................... 15 
9. 
TREATMENTS ............................................................................................................... 16 
10. DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 17 
11. ADVERSE EVENTS AND SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS ........................................ 18 
11.1 
Definition of Adverse Events (AEs) ...................................................................... 18 
11.2 
Definition of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) ....................................................... 18 
11.3 
Classification of an Adverse Event ........................................................................ 19 
11.3.1 Severity of Event ................................................................................................ 19 
11.3.2 Relationship to study intervention ...................................................................... 19 
11.3.3 Expectedness ...................................................................................................... 20 
11.4 
Time Period and Frequency for Event Assessment and Follow-Up ...................... 20 
11.5 
Adverse Event Reporting ....................................................................................... 21 
11.6 
Serious Adverse Event Reporting .......................................................................... 21 
11.7 
Reporting Events to Participants ............................................................................ 22 
12. DATA MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................. 22 
12.1 
Data Handling and Record Keeping ...................................................................... 22 
12.1.1 Data Collection ................................................................................................... 22 
12.1.2 Database management and quality control ......................................................... 23 
13. SAMPLE SIZE ................................................................................................................. 23 
14. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 24 
15. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ............................................................................................ 25 

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16. REGULATORY, EHTICAL AND STUDY OVERSIGHT CONSIDERATIONS ........ 25 
16.1 
Informed consent procedures and documentation ................................................. 25 
16.2 
Study Discontinuation and Closure ....................................................................... 26 
16.3 
Confidentiality and Privacy ................................................................................... 27 
16.4 
Future Use of Stored Specimens and Data............................................................. 28 
16.5 
Clinical Monitoring ................................................................................................ 28 
16.6 
Quality Assurance and Quality Control ................................................................. 29 
16.7 
Study Records Retention ........................................................................................ 30 
16.8 
Protocol Deviations ................................................................................................ 30 
16.9 
Insurance ................................................................................................................ 31 
16.10 
Publication and Data Sharing Policy ..................................................................... 31 
16.11 
Conflict of Interest Policy ...................................................................................... 32 
17. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 33 
 
 

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1. STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 
The trial will be conducted in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization 
Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP) and all applicable laws and regulations. The Principal 
Investigator will assure that no deviation from, or changes to the protocol will take place 
without prior agreement from the Sponsor and documented approval from the Institutional 
Review Board (IRB) or Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) and/or Competent Authority, 
except where necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to the trial participants. All 
personnel involved in the conduct of this study have completed ICH GCP Training. 
The protocol, informed consent form(s), recruitment materials, and all participant materials 
will be submitted to the IRB/IEC for review and approval. Approval of both the protocol and 
the consent form must be obtained before any participant is enrolled. Any amendment to the 
protocol will require review and approval by the IEC before the changes are implemented. All 
changes to the consent form will be IEC approved; a determination will be made regarding 
whether a new consent needs to be obtained from participants who provided consent, using a 
previously approved consent form. 

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LIST OF PARTICIPATING CENTERS 
Prof. Luca Rossetti 
Clinica Oculistica UNIMI 
A.O. San Paolo 
Via di Rudinì n° 8 
20142 Milano 
lucamrossetti@libero.it 
 
Prof. Gianluca Manni 
Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma 
gianlucamanni53@gmail.com 
 
Dr Francisco Goni 
CTIG – Teknon 
Barcelona 
francisgoni@yahoo.com 
 
Prof. Fotis Topouzis 
A Department of Ophthalmology, 
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 
AHEPA Hospital 
ftopou12@otenet.gr 
 
Prof. Ingeborg Stalmans 
University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven) 
Herestraat 49 
3000 Leuven, Belgium 
ingeborg.stalmans@mac.com 
 
 
 
 
 

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2. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
AE 
Adverse Event 
CACG 
Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma 
CFR 
Code of Federal Regulations 
CRO 
Contract Research Organization 
eCRF 
electronic Case Report Forms 
EFSA 
European Food Safety Authority 
FDA 
Food and Drug Administration 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonization  
ICMJE 
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors 
IEC 
Independent Ethics Committee 
IOP 
Intraocular Pressure 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
LOCS 
Lens Opacities Classification System 
MP 
Monitoring Plan 
MD 
Mean Deviation 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
NTG 
Normal Tension Glaucoma 
OCT 
Optical Coherence Tomography  
ONH 
Optic Nerve Head 
PEX 
Pseudoexfoliation 
PT 
Preferred Term 
SAE 
Serious Adverse Event 
SF-36 
Short Form Health Survey – 36 items 
SITA 
Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm 
SOC 
System Organ Class 
SUSAR 
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction 
VA 
Visual Acuity 
VF 
Visual Field 
VFQ 
Visual Functioning Questionnaire – 25 items 

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WHO-DD 
World Health Organization Drug Dictionary 

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3. PROTOCOL SUMMARY 
Background: Primary open angle glaucoma is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative 
disease and the only proven effective therapy involves reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). 
Although treatment effect is quite large, a significant proportion of patients show disease 
progression with apparently controlled IOP.1 Given the similarities with other 
neurodegenerative diseases – particularly in the mechanisms of cell death – neuroprotective 
treatments have been tried also in glaucoma. Interesting results from experimental studies and 
weak evidence from human glaucoma trials have been published in recent years. Citicoline is 
one of the promising molecules with a putative neuroprotective action and has been tried on 
patients with a number of neurodegenerative diseases with encouraging results.2 Pilot studies 
on glaucomatous patients showed a possible effect of citicoline in reducing progression of 
visual field changes,3 though these findings need to be confirmed by larger randomized 
clinical trials. One of the different explanations for the effect of citicoline on visual field 
changes is related to its dopaminergic action, which also has positive repercussions on 
psychophysical performances.  
Aims: The main objective of the study is to test whether the intake of Neurotidine® (citicoline 
free acid in oral solution) can be associated with an improvement of quality of life in patients 
with glaucoma. Other objectives are the assessment of the tolerability and safety of 
Neurotidine®. 
Design: This is a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. After 
informed consent and verification of eligibility, patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a 
Neurotidine®-placebo or placebo-Neurotidine® sequence and receive treatment for 3 months 

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in the first period and for six months in the second period of the cross-over design. The 
second period will be extended to 6 months in order to control for potential carry over effect 
in the group receiving Neurotidine® in the first period of the cross-over design. 
Treatment: Neurotidine® or placebo will be administered at a dosage of 10 ml in the morning.  
· Neurotidine®:500 ml oral solution containing citicoline free acid 50 mg/ml. 
· Placebo: 500 ml oral solution indistinguishable from active product in appearance and 
taste.  
Patients: A total of 200 patients will be evaluated in this study, ideally 40 per center, with a 
minimum of 20 and a maximum of 50 per centre, though enrollment will be competitive. 
· Inclusion criteria: 
o Signed written informed consent. 
o Age ≥ 18 years.  
o Patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma (OAG). PEX and pigmentary glaucoma 
will be included.  
o Controlled IOP 
o Patients with moderate damage in the better eye, with mean deviation from normal 
value (MD) ranging from -6 to -12 dB in the 6 months prior to enrollment. At the 
screening assessment, MD must range from -5 to -13 dB.  
Glaucoma definition will be based on visual field (VF) damage (24-2, SITA standard 
strategy) corresponding to glaucomatous changes at the optic nerve head. Values of IOP will 
not be an inclusion criterion, though a “controlled IOP” based on the clinician’s judgement 
will be required. 
· Exclusion criteria 
o Single-eyed patients (visual acuity <0.1 in one eye).  

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o Patients without the psychophysical requirements to adequately participate and 
complete the trial.  
o Patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) or other types of glaucoma. 
o Patients with other ocular comorbidities interfering with the correct assessment of the 
glaucomatous damage to the VF.  
o Patients who have undergone surgery within 6 months.  
o Patients taking other potential neuroprotectors, including topical, competing with 
Neurotidine®.  
o Patients with Parkinson’s disease, dementia or a diagnosis of stroke in the last 6 
months. 
Study outcomes: The primary outcome will be the mean change of “intra-patient” global score 
of the VFQ-25 questionnaire after Neurotidine® vs placebo at 6 months as compared to 
baseline. Other outcomes include the change of other scores (e.g. general health, general 
vision, near and far activities, social, mental, role difficulties, etc.) of two study 
questionnaires, VFQ-25 and SF-36, as well as the safety and tolerability of citicoline oral 
solution. 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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4. SCHEDULE OF ASSESSMENTS 
 
Screening / 
Baseline 
(beginning of 
1st period) 
3-month Visit 
(end of 1st 
period, 
beginning of 
2nd period) 
6-month Visit 
9-month Visit 
(end of 2nd 
period) 
Informed consent 
X 
 
 
 
Inclusion/exclusion 
criteria 
X 
 
 
 
Complete 
ophthalmological 
examination* 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Randomization to 
study sequence 
X 
 
 
 
VFQ-25 
X 
X 
X 
X 
SF-36 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Dispensing 
treatment 
X 
X 
X 
 
Concomitant 
medications 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Adverse events 
 
X 
X 
X 
*Including visual acuity (VA), VF (24-2, SITA standard strategy), fundus assessment, biomicroscopy (with 
specific lens evaluation using Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) criteria), IOP assessment. 
Gonioscopy and optic nerve head (ONH) topography parameters measured by optical coherence 
tomography (OCT) are required at screening to verify inclusion/exclusion criteria. 
  
5. INTRODUCTION 
Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology. A 
number of factors are involved in the pathogenesis, though increased IOP remains the most 
important. However, elevated IOP cannot explain disease progression in many cases: data 

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from large clinical trials are consistently showing a variable (and relevant) proportion of 
glaucoma patients experiencing worsening of visual field despite apparent IOP control.1 It is 
thus very likely that mechanisms other than IOP are involved in the pathogenesis of the 
disease.  
A bulk of experimental data has shown similarities in the mechanisms of cell death across 
different neurodegenerative diseases. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy shares the way cells die 
and mechanisms of trans-synaptic neurodegeneration with neurologic diseases such as 
Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc.4,5 There is 
growing evidence that glaucomatous damage involves all the visual pathways from the retina 
back to the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex. Today we can say that glaucoma 
can be considered a brain disease. As the main and starting event in glaucoma is the death of 
the retinal ganglion cell, neuroprotective strategies have been postulated. All possible 
molecules with a putative effect on glaucomatous neurodegeneration have been tested in vitro, 
in vivo in animal models, but only a few in human glaucoma. Today, there are about a dozen 
clinical trials in glaucoma showing products with a possible neuroprotective effect. The main 
problem is that most of these studies are grossly undersized to clearly demonstrate an effect 
on glaucoma progression.  
There have been 2 large trials on neuroprotection in glaucoma, both with surprising outcomes. 
One tested memantine on about 2,000 patients with high-risk of progressive glaucoma: 
despite the large sample size the trial failed to reach the primary end-point (required by FDA). 
There is substantial lack of information about the details of what happened in this study as 
findings were never published. The other study tested brimonidine on low-tension glaucoma 
patients and the drug was found unexpectedly to be “extremely” effective in reducing disease 

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progression.6 However, some methodological flaws of the trial casted doubts on the validity 
of the findings and, as a matter of fact, brimonidine did not become the first-choice therapy 
for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients despite the evidence of a significant effect.  
The action of citicoline in patients with neurodegenerative disorders has been known for a 
long time and today there are hundreds of publications about the efficacy of the molecule in 
patients with dementia, stroke, Parkinson’s disease and glaucoma.2 There is a systematic 
review from the Cochrane database reporting that citicoline can be effective in improving 
activity scores in patients with some stage of senile dementia.7 The mechanisms of action 
include “cell protection” (as it is part of the cell membrane), reduction of cell apoptosis and a 
positive effect on the synthesis of neurotransmitters – both dopaminergic and cholinergic.  
Citicoline can be administered systemically (intramuscular, oral) and topically. Most of the 
literature on the effect of citicoline is based on systemic intramuscular administration.8 Since 
some years ago, similar bioavailability can be obtained with oral solution, a more practical 
and comfortable way of administration for chronic diseases where citicoline needs to be given 
daily for years.9,10 There is evidence that citicoline oral solution has 98% bioavailability.9 
Recently, citicoline free acid has been authorized in Europe by the EFSA (European Food 
Safety Authority) as a Novel Food ingredient also for Special Medical Purpose, and according 
to this new classification, a form in oral solution (Neurotidine®) has been registered as Food 
for Special Medical Purpose with therapeutic Indication: “Glaucomatous patients with stable 
IOP, but with a progressive loss of Visual Field (VF)”. Citicoline eyedrops are also available 
in many European Countries. 

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6. OBJECTIVES 
Today there is growing evidence (though still weak) that citicoline can be an effective 
complementary treatment for glaucoma patients. Awaiting large clinical trials to confirm the 
effectiveness of citicoline in reducing the progression of glaucoma, the rationale for this study 
includes the assessment of the role of the molecule on the dopaminergic pathway and 
particularly its potential implications on psychophysical performance and quality of life. 
Other objectives are the assessment of the tolerability and safety of Neurotidine® (citicoline 
oral solution).  
7. STUDY OUTCOMES 
The primary outcome will be the mean change of “intra-patient” global score of the VFQ-25 
questionnaire after Neurotidine® vs placebo at 6 months compared to baseline. Other 
outcomes include the change of other scores (e.g. general health, general vision, near and far 
activities, social, mental, role difficulties, etc.) of two study questionnaires, VFQ-25 and SF-
36, as well as the safety and tolerability of citicoline oral solution. 
8. PATIENTS 
A total of 200 patients will be evaluated in this study, ideally 40 per center, with a minimum 
of 20 and a maximum of 50 per centre, though enrollment will be competitive. Inclusion and 
exclusion criteria will be ascertained through a complete ophthalmic examination including 
VF test, gonioscopy and optic nerve head (ONH) topography parameters measured by optical 
coherence tomography (OCT). 
8.1 
Inclusion Criteria 
Patients must meet all the following criteria to be eligible for the study: 

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· 
Signed written informed consent. 
· 
Age ≥ 18 years.  
· 
Patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma (OAG). PEX and pigmentary glaucoma 
will be included.  
· 
Controlled IOP 
· 
Patients with moderate damage in the better eye, with mean deviation from normal 
value (MD) ranging from -6 to -12 dB in the 6 months prior to enrollment. At the 
screening assessment, MD must range from -5 to -13 dB. 
Glaucoma definition will be based on visual field (VF) damage (24-2, SITA standard 
strategy) corresponding to glaucomatous changes at the optic nerve head. Values of IOP will 
not be an inclusion criterion, though a “controlled IOP” based on the clinician’s judgement 
will be required. 
8.2 
Exclusion Criteria 
Patients must meet none of the following criteria to be eligible for the study: 
· Single-eyed patients (visual acuity <0.1 in one eye).  
· Patients without the psychophysical requirements to adequately participate and 
complete the trial.  
· Patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) or other types of glaucoma. 
· Patients with other ocular comorbidities interfering with the correct assessment of the 
glaucomatous damage to the VF.  
· Patients who have undergone surgery within 6 months.  
· Patients taking other potential neuroprotectors, including topical, competing with 
Neurotidine®.  
· Patients with Parkinson’s disease, dementia or a diagnosis of stroke in the last 6 
months. 

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9. TREATMENTS 
Patients will be treated with any IOP-lowering agent to control the disease. The type and 
number of drugs will be decided by the treating clinician. Previous laser and/or surgery will 
be allowed but not within 6 months prior to study enrollment.  
After signing of the informed consent form and ascertainment of eligibility, patients will be 
randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a Neurotidine®-placebo or placebo-Neurotidine® sequence and 
receive treatment for 3 months in the first period and for six months in the second period of 
the cross-over design. The second period will be extended to 6 months in order to control for 
potential carry over effect in the group receiving Neurotidine® in the first period of the cross-
over design. 
Neurotidine® 500 ml oral solution contains citicoline free acid 50 mg/ml; water; fructose; 
acidity regulators: sodium citrate, sodium hydroxide; preservative: potassium sorbate; color: 
riboflavin. 
Placebo 500 ml oral solution contains water, fructose, sucralose; acidity regulators: sodium 
citrate, anhydrous citric acid, sodium hydroxide; preservative: potassium sorbate; color: 
riboflavin. 
In addition to the IOP-lowering medications, Neurotidine® or placebo will be administered at 
a dosage of 10 ml in the morning.  
Bottles of Neurotidine® and placebo oral solutions will be identical (same ingredients except 
for citicoline), containing 500 ml of a yellow solution with a measuring cup. Neurotidine® and 
placebo solutions will have similar taste. Each patient will be given the bottles for the first 3-
month treatment period by the hospital pharmacist and will be asked to return them at the end 

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of the period (3 months). Then the patients will be given the other bottles for the next phase of 
the study (3 months): these will contain placebo if the patient received Neurotidine® in the 
first phase of the study and vice versa. Again, the patients will be asked to return after 3 
months with the study bottles and will be given the last set of bottles for the final phase of the 
study (3 months): in this phase the bottle contents will be the same as in phase 2. 
Information about compliance with treatment will be recorded at each visit. All study bottles 
will be collected and sent to the coordinating center. 
10. DESIGN 
The trial will be a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. 
Eligibility criteria will be assessed, and study procedures clearly explained when the 
potentially eligible patients are initially visited. If the patients accept to participate in the trial, 
they will have to sign the informed consent form. After this, the patients will be randomized 
in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two sequences of the cross-over design: Neurotidine®-placebo or 
placebo-Neurotidine®. The randomization will be stratified by centre. 
- 
Baseline visit (beginning of 1st period): Enrolled patients will undergo a complete 
ophthalmologic examination with VA, VF (24-2, SITA standard strategy), fundus 
assessment, biomicroscopy (with specific lens evaluation using Lens Opacities 
Classification System III (LOCS III) criteria), IOP assessment. A masked to treatment 
evaluator will administer the two study questionnaires (VFQ-25 and SF-36). The 
patients will be given the bottles for the first 3-month period. 
- 
3-month visit (end of the 1st period and beginning of 2st period): Patients will undergo 
a complete ophthalmologic examination with VA, VF (24-2, SITA standard strategy), 

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biomicroscopy, IOP assessment. Patients will be asked about treatment side effects 
and all complains/considerations will be recorded. The two study questionnaires 
(VFQ-25 and SF-36) will be administered. The patients will be given the bottles for 
the second 3-month period. 
- 
6-month visit: Patients will undergo a complete ophthalmologic examination with VA, 
VF (24-2, SITA standard strategy), biomicroscopy, IOP assessment. Patients will be 
asked about treatment side effects and all complains/considerations will be recorded. 
Patients will be again administered the 2 study questionnaires (SF-36 and VFQ-25). 
The patients will be given the bottles for the third 3-month phase. 
- 
9-month visit (end of the 2st period): Patients will undergo a complete ophthalmologic 
examination with VA, VF (24-2, SITA standard strategy), biomicroscopy, IOP 
assessment. Patients will be asked about treatment side effects and all 
complains/considerations will be recorded. Patients will be administered the two study 
questionnaires (VFQ-25 and SF-36).  
11. ADVERSE EVENTS AND SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS 
11.1 
Definition of Adverse Events (AEs) 
An adverse event can be defined as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use 
of an intervention in humans after providing written informed consent for participation in the 
study until the end of study visit, whether considered intervention-related or not. 
11.2 
Definition of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) 
An adverse event (AE) is considered "serious", regardless of relationship with the 
intervention, if, in the view of either the investigator or Sponsor, it results in any of the 

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following outcomes: death, a life-threatening adverse event, inpatient hospitalization or 
prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial 
disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect. 
Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require 
hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, 
they may jeopardize the participant and may require medical or surgical intervention to 
prevent one of the outcomes listed in this definition. 
11.3 
Classification of an Adverse Event 
11.3.1 Severity of Event 
The following guidelines will be used to describe severity:  
· Mild – Events require minimal or no treatment and do not interfere with the 
participant’s daily activities.  
· Moderate – Events result in a low level of inconvenience or concern with the 
therapeutic measures. Moderate events may cause some interference with functioning. 
· Severe – Events interrupt a participant’s usual daily activity and may require systemic 
drug therapy or other treatment. Severe events are usually potentially life threatening 
or incapacitating.  Of note, the term “severe” does not necessarily equate to “serious”. 
11.3.2 Relationship to study intervention 
All AEs must have their relationship to study intervention assessed by the clinician who 
examines and evaluates the participant based on temporal relationship and his/her clinical 
judgment. Investigators are to judge the causal relationship of the event with the study 
intervention as “suspected”, “unsuspected” or “unknown”. 

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11.3.3 Expectedness  
The Sponsor will be responsible for determining whether an AE is expected or unexpected. 
An AE will be considered unexpected if the nature, severity, or frequency of the event is not 
consistent with the risk information previously described for the study intervention. 
11.4 
Time Period and Frequency for Event Assessment and Follow-Up 
The occurrence of an AE or SAE may come to the attention of study personnel during study 
visits and interviews of a study participant presenting for medical care, or upon review by a 
study monitor. 
All AEs including local and systemic reactions will be captured on the eCRF. Information to 
be collected includes event description, time of onset, clinician’s assessment of severity, 
relationship to intervention (assessed only by those with the training and authority to make a 
diagnosis), and time of resolution/stabilization of the event. All AEs occurring while on study 
must be documented appropriately regardless of relationship. All AEs will be followed to 
adequate resolution. 
Any medical condition that is present at the time that the participant is screened will be 
considered as baseline and not reported as an AE. However, if the study participant’s 
condition deteriorates at any time during the study, it will be recorded as an AE.  
Changes in the severity of an AE will be documented to allow an assessment of the duration 
of the event at each level of severity. AEs characterized as intermittent require documentation 
of onset and duration of each episode. 
The investigator will record all reportable events with onset dates occurring any time after 
informed consent is obtained until 30 days after the last treatment, and later if a causal 

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relationship with the intervention is suspected. At each study visit, the investigator will 
inquire about the occurrence of AE/SAEs since the previous visit. Events will be followed for 
outcome information until resolution or stabilization. 
11.5 
Adverse Event Reporting  
All identified AEs (serious and non-serious, related and unrelated) must be recorded and 
described on the eCRF. 
11.6 
Serious Adverse Event Reporting  
Every SAE, regardless of suspected causality, occurring after the subject has provided 
informed consent and until at least 30 days after the subject has stopped study treatment must 
be reported to the Sponsor within 24 hours of site awareness. 
Any SAE experienced after this 30-day period should only be reported to the Sponsor if the 
investigator suspects a causal relationship to the study treatment. Recurrent episodes, 
complications, or progression of the initial SAE must be reported as follow-up to the original 
episode within 24 hours of the investigator receiving the follow-up information. 
Information about all SAEs will be transmitted to the Contract Research Organization (CRO) 
OPIS, in charge for this trial of vigilance for Food for Special Medical Purposes 
Neurotidine®, via email at all_phv@opis.it or by fax using the following number: Fax: +39 
0362 633622. Any AE collected by OPIS will be promptly forwarded to Omikron Italia, 
which is Responsible for the Food for Special Medical Purposes Neurotidine®. 
All SAEs will be followed until satisfactory resolution or until the site investigator deems the 
event to be chronic or the adherence to be stable. Other supporting documentation of the event 
may be requested by the study Sponsor and should be provided as soon as possible. 

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11.7 
Reporting Events to Participants  
Should an event occur that changes the overall benefit/risk ratio of the study, the Sponsor 
shall evaluate if a risk minimization measure is needed. Should this measure require a 
substantial amendment to the protocol, the informed consent and patient information will be 
revised and submitted to the patient for written consent. 
12. 
DATA MANAGEMENT 
12.1 Data Handling and Record Keeping  
12.1.1 Data Collection  
Designated investigator staff will enter the data required by the protocol into the eCRF using 
fully validated software that conforms to 21 CFR Part 11 requirements. Designated 
investigator site staff will not be given access to the Electronic Data Capture system until they 
are trained.  
Web-based software will be used, and no installation procedure is needed. Each site will be 
authorized by the administrator to access the eCRF. Each site-qualified personnel will be 
allowed to access the eCRF by means of a ‘login mask’ requiring user ID and password and 
may read, modify, and update only the information entered at his or her site and according to 
their profile. Each page reports site code and subject code. 
On-line validation programs will check for data discrepancies and, by generating appropriate 
error messages, allow the data to be confirmed or corrected before transfer to the CRO 
working on behalf of the Sponsor. The investigator will certify that the data entered in the 
eCRF are complete and accurate.  
After database lock, the investigator will receive a CD-ROM of subject data for archiving at 
the investigational site. 

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12.1.2 Database management and quality control 
The CRO working on behalf of the Sponsor will review the data entered in the eCRF by 
investigational staff for completeness and accuracy and instruct site personnel to make any 
necessary corrections or additions. The Data Manager will perform the cleaning session by 
reviewing the warning messages raised by on-line checks and by running post-entry checks by 
means of validation programs and data listings specific for the study. The occurrence of any 
protocol deviations will also be checked. 
If clarifications are needed, the Data Manager will raise queries through the web application. 
Designated investigator site staff will be required to respond to queries and the Data Manager 
will make the correction to the database according to the responses. 
Data collection and query flows, as well as the on-line and off-line checks, are detailed in the 
Data Management Plan and Data Validation documents. 
Concomitant medications and prior medications entered into the database will be coded using 
the WHO Drug Reference List, which employs the ATC classification system. Medical 
history/current medical conditions and AEs will be coded using MedDRA. 
The database will be locked after all the above actions have been completed and the database 
has been declared complete and accurate. 
13. 
SAMPLE SIZE 
The sample size has been calculated based on the main outcome of the study, i.e. the mean 
change vs baseline of the global score of The National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function 
Questionnaire (VFQ-25) in patients with moderate-stage glaucoma (Ophthalmol 2015 Nov 
Acta 19). 

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When the sample size in each sequence group is 100, (a total sample size of 200) a 2 x 2 
crossover design will have 80% power to detect a difference in means of 3.0 (the difference 
between study treatment mean, µ1, of 3.0 and placebo mean, µ2, of 0) assuming that the 
crossover ANOVA √MSE is 10.607 (the standard deviation of differences, σd, is 15.0) using a 
two group t-test (crossover ANOVA) with a 0.05 two-sided significance level. 
The total sample size is adjusted to 220 patients considering an expected dropout rate of about 
10%. 
14. 
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 
Continuous data will be summarized with standard descriptive statistics (i.e. the mean, 
standard deviation, minimum, median and maximum, 95% confidence limits). Categorical 
data will be summarized by frequencies and percentages. 
No statistical test will be performed for between-group differences in demographic and 
baseline features (medical history and efficacy data). 
Medical history and adverse events will be described according to System Organ Classes 
(SOC) and Preferred Terms (PT) using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
(MedDRA) and will be presented by treatment group.  
Previous/concomitant medications will be presented by treatment group using the World 
Health Organization Drug Dictionary (WHO-DD). 
The primary efficacy variable will be analysed using crossover ANOVA, considering 
sequence, subjects, period and treatment as sources of variation. 

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All study centers will fill in a web-based e-CRF. The Data Center will check the e-CRF and 
solve all the queries. The Coordinating Center will do the statistical analysis of collected data.   
The association between quality of life and measures of visual symptoms, of the ability to 
perform vision-related activities and clinical findings will be analysed by means of linear 
regression models.  
All analysis will be performed using SAS version 9.4. 
15. 
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 
 
16. REGULATORY, EHTICAL AND STUDY OVERSIGHT CONSIDERATIONS 
16.1 
Informed consent procedures and documentation 
Consent forms describing in detail the study intervention, study procedures and risks are 
given to the participant and written documentation of informed consent is required prior to 
starting intervention/administering study intervention. 
Informed consent is a process that is initiated prior to the individual’s agreeing to participate 
in the study and continues throughout the individual’s study participation. Consent forms will 
Randomization 
citicoline 
citicoline 
placebo 
placebo 
Period I 
Period II 
3  months 
6  months 

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be approved by the IRB/IEC and the participant will be asked to read and review the 
document. The investigator will explain the research study to the participant and answer any 
questions that may arise. A verbal explanation will be provided in terms suited to the 
participant’s comprehension of the purposes, procedures, and potential risks of the study and 
of their rights as research participants. Participants will have the opportunity to carefully 
review the written consent form and ask questions prior to signing. The participants should 
have the opportunity to discuss the study with their family or surrogates and think about it 
prior to agreeing to participate. The participant will sign the informed consent document prior 
to any procedures being done specifically for the study. Participants must be informed that 
participation is voluntary and that they may withdraw from the study at any time, without 
prejudice. A copy of the informed consent document will be given to the participants for their 
records. The informed consent process will be conducted and documented in the source 
document (including the date), and the form signed before the participant undergoes any 
study-specific procedures. The rights and welfare of the participants will be protected by 
emphasizing to them that the quality of their medical care will not be adversely affected if 
they decline to participate in this study. 
16.2 
Study Discontinuation and Closure 
This study may be temporarily suspended or prematurely terminated if there is sufficient 
reasonable cause. Written notification, documenting the reason for study suspension or 
termination, will be provided by the suspending or terminating party to study participants, 
investigator, Sponsor and regulatory authorities. If the study is prematurely terminated or 
suspended, the Principal Investigator will promptly inform study participants, the IRB/IEC, 
Regulatory Authorities and Sponsor, and will provide the reason(s) for the termination or 

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suspension. Study participants will be contacted, as applicable, and be informed of changes to 
the study visit schedule. 
Circumstances that may warrant termination or suspension include, but are not limited to 
· Determination of unexpected, significant, or unacceptable risk to participants 
· Insufficient compliance to protocol requirements 
· Data that are not sufficiently complete and/or evaluable 
· Determination of futility 
The study may resume once concerns about safety, protocol compliance, and data quality are 
addressed, and satisfy the Sponsor, IEC and regulatory authorities. 
16.3 
Confidentiality and Privacy  
Participant confidentiality and privacy is strictly held in trust by the participating 
investigators, their staff, and the Sponsor and their interventions. Therefore, the study 
protocol, documentation, data, and all other information generated will be held in strict 
confidence. No information concerning the study or data will be released to any unauthorized 
third party without prior written approval of the Sponsor.  
All research activities will be conducted in as private a setting as possible. 
The study monitor, other authorized representatives of the Sponsor, representatives of the 
IRB/IEC and regulatory agencies may inspect all documents and records required to be 
maintained by the investigator, including but not limited to, medical records (office, clinic, or 
hospital) and pharmacy records for the participants in this study. The clinical study site will 
permit access to such records. 

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The study participant’s contact information will be securely stored at each clinical site for 
internal use during the study. At the end of the study, all records will continue to be kept in a 
secure location for as long a period as dictated by the reviewing IRB/IEC, Institutional 
policies, or Sponsor requirements. 
Study participant research data, which is for purposes of statistical analysis and scientific 
reporting, will be transmitted to and stored at the Contract Research Organization (CRO) 
(OPIS s.r.l.) working on behalf of the Sponsor. This will not include the participant’s contact 
or identifying information. Rather, individual participants and their research data will be 
identified by a unique study identification number. Only the study center will be able to link 
the study ID number to the patient’s identity. The study data entry and study management 
systems used by clinical sites and by OPIS research staff will be secured and password 
protected.  
16.4 
Future Use of Stored Specimens and Data  
Not applicable, no biological samples will be stored for future use during this study. 
16.5 
Clinical Monitoring 
Clinical site monitoring is conducted to ensure that the rights and well-being of trial 
participants are protected, that the reported trial data are accurate, complete, and verifiable, 
and that the conduct of the trial is compliant with the currently approved 
protocol/amendment(s), with International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical 
Practice (ICH GCP), and with applicable regulatory requirement(s).  
The field monitor will visit the site at the beginning of the study and will then check the 
accuracy of entries on the eCRFs, the adherence to the protocol and to GCP, the progress of 
enrolment remotely via the eCRF system.  

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The investigator must maintain source documents for each patient in the study, consisting of 
case and visit notes (hospital or clinic medical records) containing demographic and medical 
information. All information on eCRFs must be traceable to these source documents in the 
patient's file. The investigator must also keep the original informed consent form signed by 
the patient (a signed copy is given to the patient). 
Monitoring standards require full verification for the presence of informed consent, adherence 
to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, documentation of SAEs, and of data that will be used for 
all primary variables. Additional checks of the consistency of the source data with the eCRFs 
are performed according to the study-specific Monitoring Plan (MP). No information in 
source documents about the identity of the patients/subjects will be disclosed. 
16.6 
Quality Assurance and Quality Control 
Following written Standard Operating Procedures, monitors will verify that the clinical trial is 
conducted and that data are generated, documented (recorded), and reported in compliance 
with the protocol, International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH 
GCP), and applicable regulatory requirements.  
The investigational site will provide direct access to all trial related facilities, source 
data/documents, and reports for the purpose of monitoring and auditing by the Sponsor, and 
inspection by regulatory authorities. 
Independent audits may be conducted by the Sponsor to ensure compliance with the protocol 
and GCP, and that monitoring practices are performed consistently across all participating 
sites and that monitors are following the MP. 

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16.7 
Study Records Retention  
The investigator/institution should maintain the trial documents as specified in Essential 
Documents for the Conduct of a Clinical Trial (ICH E6 Section 8) and as required by 
applicable regulations and/or guidelines. The investigator/institution should take measures to 
prevent accidental or premature destruction of these documents.  
Essential documents (written and electronic) should be retained for a period of not less than 
twenty-five (25) years from the completion of the study unless the Sponsor provides written 
permission to dispose of them, requires their retention for an additional period because of 
applicable laws, regulations and/or guidelines. The subjects’ medical files will be archived in 
accordance with national laws. 
16.8 
Protocol Deviations  
A protocol deviation is any noncompliance with the clinical trial protocol, International 
Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP). The noncompliance may 
be on the part of either the participant, the investigator, or the study site staff. As a result of 
deviations, corrective actions are to be developed by the site and implemented promptly.  
These practices are consistent with ICH GCP:  
· 4.5 Compliance with Protocol, sections 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.5.3  
· 5.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control, section 5.1.1  
· 5.20 Noncompliance, sections 5.20.1, and 5.20.2.  
It is the responsibility of the site investigator to use continuous vigilance to identify and report 
protocol deviations. All deviations must be addressed in study source documents. 

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16.9 
Insurance 
The Sponsor certifies that it has taken out a liability insurance policy covering this clinical 
trial. This insurance policy is in accordance with local laws and requirements. The insurance 
of the Sponsor does not relieve the Investigator and the collaborators from any obligation to 
maintain their own liability insurance policy. An insurance certificate will be provided to the 
IRB/IEC and/or regulatory authorities. 
16.10 Publication and Data Sharing Policy 
All data and results and all intellectual property rights in the data and results derived from the 
study will be the property of the Sponsor, who may utilize them in various ways, such as for 
submission to government regulatory authorities or disclosure to other investigators or 
publication in International Journals. 
The main publication reporting the results of the study will include as main authors the names 
of Principal Investigators of the five centers enrolling the patients.  
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) member journals have 
adopted a clinical trials registration policy as a condition for publication. The ICMJE defines 
a clinical trial as any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to 
intervention or concurrent comparison or control groups to study the cause-and-effect 
relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome. Medical interventions 
include drugs, surgical procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, process-of-care changes, 
and the like. Health outcomes include any biomedical or health-related measures obtained in 
patients or subjects, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events. The ICMJE 
policy requires that all clinical trials be registered in a public trials registry such as 

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ClinicalTrials.gov, which is sponsored by the National Library of Medicine. Other biomedical 
journals are considering adopting similar policies. 
16.11 Conflict of Interest Policy 
The independence of this study from any actual or perceived influence, such as by the 
pharmaceutical industry, is critical. Therefore, any actual conflict of interest of persons who 
have a role in the design, conduct, analysis, publication, or any aspect of this trial will be 
disclosed and managed. Furthermore, persons who have a perceived conflict of interest will 
be required to have such conflicts managed in a way that is appropriate to their participation 
in the design and conduct of this trial.  The study leadership has established policies and 
procedures for all study group members to disclose all conflicts of interest and will establish a 
mechanism for the management of all reported dualities of interest. 

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17. REFERENCES 
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the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Arch Ophthalmol.2002 Oct;120(10):1268-79 
2) Roberti G, Tanga L, Michelessi M, et al. Cytidine 5'-Diphosphocholine (Citicoline) in 
Glaucoma: Rationale of Its Use, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 
2015; 16:28401-28417. 
3) Ottobelli L, Manni GL, Rossetti L, et al. Citicoline oral solution in glaucoma: is there a 
role in slowing disease progression? Ophthalmologica. 2013; 229:219-226. 
4) Gupta N, Yucel Y.H. Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease. Current Opinion in 
Ophthalmology 2007, 18:110–114 
5) Cordeiro M.F. Eyeing the brain. Acta Neuropathol 2016;132:765–766 
6) Krupin T, Liebmann JM, Greenfield DS, et al. Low-Pressure Glaucoma Study Group. A 
randomized trial of brimonidine versus timolol in preserving visual function: results from 
the Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151:671-681. 
7) Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and 
behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. 
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD000269b. 
8) Virno M, Pecori-Giraldi J, Liguori A, et al. The protective effect of citicoline on the 
progression of the perimetric defects in glaucomatous patients (perimetric study with a 10-
year follow-up). Acta Ophthalmol Scand. Suppl. 2000; 232:56-57. 
9) Roda, A, Fini A, Grigolo B, Scapini G. Routes of administration and serum levels of 
[Methyl-14C]-Cytidine-Diphosphocholine. Curr Ther Res. 1983; 34:1049-1053. 
10) Agut J, Font E, Sacrist A, Ortiz J.A. Bioavailability of Methyl-14C CDP-Choline by Oral 
Route. Arzneimittelforschung 1983; 33:1045-1047.