A Trial Comparing NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) Versus Insulin Glargine U100, Both in Combination With Metformin, With or Without DPP4 Inhibitors and With or Without SGLT2 Inhibitors, in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Sponsor: Novo Nordisk A/S

Cover Page for Protocol 
 
Sponsor name: 
Novo Nordisk A/S 
NCT number 
NCT03951805  
Sponsor trial ID: 
NN1436-4465  
Official title of study: 
A Trial Comparing NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) Versus 
Insulin Glargine U100, Both in Combination With Metformin, 
With or Without DPP4 Inhibitors and With or Without SGLT2 
Inhibitors, in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes 
Mellitus  
Document date: 
14 April 2020 
 

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List of contents
Protocol version 1.0............................................................................................................................
Protocol version 2.0............................................................................................................................
Attachment I and II............................................................................................................................
Protocol amendment 1 .......................................................................................................................
Protocol amendment 2 .......................................................................................................................
Memo protocol amendment 1............................................................................................................
CONFIDENTIAL
Date:
Novo Nordisk
Version:
Status:
Insulin 287
Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Clinical Trial Report
Appendix 16.1.1
14 April 2020
1.0
Final
16.1.1 Protocol and protocol amendments
CONFIDENTIAL
 
 
 
 
 
Redacted protocol 
Includes redaction of personal identifiable information only. 
 
 
 
. 
 
 

Protocol
CONFIDENTIAL
Date:
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Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Version:
1.0
Status:
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Protocol
Protocol title: A trial comparing NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine U100, 
both in combination with metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors, in 
insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Substance number: NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287)
Universal Trial Number: U1111-1219-5474 
EUdraCT Number: 2018-003406-11 
Trial phase: 2a
In the following, Novo Nordisk A/S and its affiliates will be stated as “Novo Nordisk”.
This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be 
disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.
CONFIDENTIAL
This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be 
disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.

Protocol
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Date:
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Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Version:
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Status:
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Table of Contents   
Page
Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................2
1
Synopsis................................................................................................................................................5
2
Flowchart .............................................................................................................................................7
3
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................10
3.1
Trial rationale..........................................................................................................................10
3.2
Background.............................................................................................................................10
3.3
Benefit-risk assessment ...........................................................................................................12
3.3.1
Benefits .................................................................................................................12
3.3.2
Risks......................................................................................................................12
3.3.3
Conclusion on the benefit risk profile.....................................................................14
4
Objectives and endpoints...................................................................................................................15
4.1
Primary, secondary and exploratory objectives ........................................................................15
4.1.1
Primary objective...................................................................................................15
4.1.2
Secondary objective...............................................................................................15
4.2
Primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints.........................................................................15
4.2.1
Primary endpoint ...................................................................................................15
4.2.2
Secondary endpoints ..............................................................................................16
4.2.2.1
Confirmatory secondary endpoints ...................................................16
4.2.2.2
Supportive secondary endpoints .......................................................16
5
Trial design ........................................................................................................................................17
5.1
Overall design.........................................................................................................................17
5.2
Subject and trial completion....................................................................................................18
5.3
End of trial definition ..............................................................................................................19
5.4
Scientific rationale for trial design...........................................................................................19
5.5
Justification for dose ...............................................................................................................20
6
Trial population .................................................................................................................................21
6.1
Inclusion criteria .....................................................................................................................21
6.2
Exclusion criteria ....................................................................................................................21
6.3
Lifestyle restrictions................................................................................................................22
6.4
Fasting requirements ...............................................................................................................22
6.5
Screen failures ........................................................................................................................22
6.6
Randomisation criteria ............................................................................................................23
7
Treatments .........................................................................................................................................23
7.1
Treatments administered .........................................................................................................23
7.1.1
Background medication .........................................................................................24
7.1.2
Medical devices and auxiliaries..............................................................................24
7.2
Dose modification...................................................................................................................26
7.3
Method of treatment assignment..............................................................................................26
7.4
Blinding..................................................................................................................................26
7.5
Preparation/Handling/Storage/Accountability..........................................................................26
7.6
Treatment compliance.............................................................................................................27
7.7
Concomitant medication..........................................................................................................27
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7.7.1
Concomitant medication (diabetes) ........................................................................27
7.8
Treatment after the end of the trial...........................................................................................28
8
Discontinuation/Withdrawal criteria ................................................................................................28
8.1
Discontinuation of trial treatment ............................................................................................28
8.2
Withdrawal from the trial ........................................................................................................29
8.2.1
Replacement of subjects.........................................................................................30
8.3
Lost to follow-up.....................................................................................................................30
9
Trial assessments and procedures .....................................................................................................30
9.1
Efficacy assessments...............................................................................................................31
9.1.1
Insulin dose ...........................................................................................................31
9.1.2
Self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG)..................................................................31
9.1.3
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)..................................................................32
9.1.4
Clinical efficacy laboratory assessments.................................................................33
9.2
Adverse events........................................................................................................................33
9.2.1
Time period and frequency for collecting AE and SAE information........................33
9.2.1.1
Events for adjudication.....................................................................35
9.2.2
Method of detecting AEs and SAEs .......................................................................36
9.2.3
Follow up on AEs and SAEs ..................................................................................36
9.2.4
Regulatory reporting requirements for SAEs ..........................................................36
9.2.5
Cardiovascular and death events.............................................................................37
9.2.6
Disease-related events and/or disease-related outcomes not qualifying for 
standard AE collection...........................................................................................37
9.2.7
Pregnancies and associated adverse events .............................................................37
9.2.8
Medical device incidents (including malfunctions).................................................38
9.2.9
Technical complaints .............................................................................................38
9.3
Treatment of overdose.............................................................................................................39
9.4
Safety assessments ..................................................................................................................40
9.4.1
Electrocardiograms (ECG).....................................................................................40
9.4.2
Eye examination ....................................................................................................41
9.4.3
Physical examinations............................................................................................41
9.4.4
Vital signs..............................................................................................................42
9.4.5
Clinical safety laboratory assessments....................................................................42
9.4.6
Assessments in case of suspicion of hypersensitivity reaction to trial product .........42
9.5
Pharmacokinetics ....................................................................................................................43
9.6
Pharmacodynamics .................................................................................................................43
9.7
Genetics..................................................................................................................................43
9.8
Biomarkers .............................................................................................................................43
10
Statistical considerations ...................................................................................................................44
10.1
Sample size determination.......................................................................................................44
10.2
Definition of analysis sets........................................................................................................45
10.3
Statistical analyses ..................................................................................................................46
10.3.1
Primary endpoint ...................................................................................................47
10.4
Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic modelling .............................................................48
11
References ..........................................................................................................................................49
12
Appendices .........................................................................................................................................51
Abbreviations and Trademarks.......................................................................................51
Appendix 1
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Trial ID: NN1436-4465
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Clinical laboratory tests ...................................................................................................52
Appendix 2
Trial governance considerations......................................................................................54
Appendix 3
Adverse events: definitions and procedures for recording, evaluation, follow up, 
Appendix 4
and reporting .....................................................................................................................................64
Contraceptive guidance and collection of pregnancy information .................................69
Appendix 5
Technical complaints: Definition and procedures for recording, evaluation, follow 
Appendix 6
up and reporting ................................................................................................................................72
Retention of human biosamples.......................................................................................73
Appendix 7
Hypoglycaemic episodes...................................................................................................74
Appendix 8
Titration guideline............................................................................................................76
Appendix 9
Country-specific Requirements .......................................................................................79
Appendix 10
Attachment I Global list of key staff and relevant departments and suppliers
Attachment II Country list of key staff and relevant departments
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1
Synopsis
Rationale:
NNC0148-0287 formulation C (referred to as insulin 287) is a novel long-acting insulin analogue
designed for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, with the aim to develop a once weekly injectable 
basal insulin treatment with the potential of becoming a more convenient choice, and to improve 
treatment adherence, and quality of life, for subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In the present trial, the effect on glycaemic control and safety of once weekly insulin 287, using 3 
different titration algorithms, with either the American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycaemic 
target 4.4-7.2 mmol/L (80-130 mg/dL) or glycaemic target 3.9-6.0 mmol/L (70-108 mg/dL) versus 
once daily insulin glargine U100, will be investigated during 16 weeks of treatment in insulin-naïve 
subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled, on metformin with or without 
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i).
Objectives and endpoints
The objective of this trial is to compare the effect, safety and tolerability on glycaemic control of 
once weekly insulin 287, using 3 different titration algorithms, versus once daily insulin glargine 
U100, both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes 
mellitus.
The primary estimand, is defined as the mean difference in ‘time in target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L 
(70–180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16) between each of the 3 
different titration algorithms, of once weekly insulin 287 and once daily insulin glargine U100, for 
all randomised subjects, if all subjects had adhered to the randomised insulin treatment and had 
70% of the planned continuous glucose measurements recorded.
Overall design:
The total trial duration for the individual subject will be approximately 23 weeks, and consists of a 
2-week screening period, 16-week randomised treatment period, and a 5-week follow up period. 
After signing informed consent and eligibility assessments has been performed, subjects will be 
required to measure daily pre-breakfast self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) and have baseline 
continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles collected during the screening period. 
At visit 2, eligible subjects who are willing to adhere to the protocol including daily SMPG 
measurements and wearing CGM sensor, will be randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner, to receive either
once weekly insulin 287 using one of the 3 titration algorithms, or once daily insulin glargine U100. 
During the 16-week treatment period, the subjects will have weekly contact with the site. To 
evaluate the effect on glycaemic control, subjects will have assessments done; CGM profiles 
collected, and will be asked to perform SMPG measurement during the 16 weeks treatment period. 
The CGM receiver will be blinded for patients and investigators. 
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The last visit is scheduled to take place 6 weeks after the last dose of once weekly insulin 287, and 
5 weeks after the last dose of once daily insulin glargine U100, to allow for appropriate time for 
wash-out of trial drug, following at least 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
Subjects included will be;
!
Male or female, aged 18-75 years (both inclusive) at the time of signing informed consent.
!
Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus ≥ 180 days prior to the day of screening.
!
HbA1c of 7.0-10.0% (53.0-85.8 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) as assessed by central 
laboratory.
!
Stable daily dose(s) for 90 days prior to the day of screening of any of the following anti-
diabetic drug(s) or combination regime(s):
o
Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose (as 
documented in subjects medical records).
o
Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose 
with DPP4i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose, as documented in subjects medical records).
!
Insulin-naïve. However, short term insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the 
day of screening is allowed, as is prior insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
!
Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 40.0 kg/m2.
Number of subjects:
Approximately 285 subjects will be screened to achieve 200 subjects randomly assigned to trial 
product. The estimated number of subjects to complete the trial (on trial product) is 190.
Treatment groups and duration:
All subjects will be centrally randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner, and assigned to receive either insulin 
287, 700 U/mL or insulin glargine 100 U/mL throughout the 16-week treatment period. The trial 
products will be provided as prefilled pens containing 3 mL solution for s.c. injection once weekly 
(insulin 287) and once daily (insulin glargine U100) respectively.
The dose and dosing frequency of metformin ± DPP4i should not be changed at any time during the 
trial, unless due to safety concerns.
At the screening visit, Novo Nordisk will provide all subjects with a CGM device for continuous 
glucose monitoring and a BG meter for self-measuring of plasma glucose, during the first 18 weeks 
in the trial. Subjects will be carefully trained in handling of the trial product and devices, and will 
be closely monitored and retrained during the trial.
When discontinuing trial products, either at the scheduled end of treatment visit (V18) or if trial 
product is discontinued prematurely, the subject should be transferred to a suitable marketed 
product at the discretion of the investigator. 
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2
Flowchart
Trial Periods
Screening
Randomisation
Treatment
End of treatment
Follow up
Discontinuation 
Follow up visit1
Visit (V)
Phone contact (P)
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5 V6 P7 V8 P9
V10
P11
V12
P13
V14
P15
V16
P17
V18
V19
FU1
V20
FU2
V18A
Time of visit (weeks)2
≤-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
21
16
Visit window (days)
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
+3
+3
±3
SUBJECT RELATED INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENTS
Informed consent
X
In/exclusion criteria
X
X
Randomisation criteria
X
Concomitantillness/medicalhistory3
X
Concomitant medication
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X4
X4
X4
Demography5
X
Diabetes history
X
Date of Diagnosis of Diabetes
X
Childbearing potential
X
Tobacco use6
X
Body measurements
Height
X
Body weight
X
X
X
X
1 If subjects discontinue trial product prematurely they will be asked to attend the end of treatment visit (V18) as soon as possible and have the follow up visits scheduled 
3 weeks (V19) and 6 weeks (V20) after the last day of dosing for insulin 287 and 2 weeks (V19) and 5 weeks (V20) after the last day of dosing for insulin glargine. 
Subjects will be asked to stay in site contact and continue wearing CGM (changed weekly) throughout the remaining weeks, finalised by a last visit (V18A) 16 weeks 
after randomisation. 
2 Time of visit is relative to randomisation (V2).
3 Diabetes complications should be reported under medical history case report form (CRF).
4 Only antidiabetic medication to be collected.
5 Demography consists of date of birth or year of birth and/or age, sex, ethnicity and race (according to local regulation).
6 Smoking is defined as smoking at least one cigarette or equivalent daily.

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Trial Periods
Screening
Randomisation
Treatment
End of treatment
Follow up
Discontinuation 
Follow up visit1
Visit (V)
Phone contact (P)
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5 V6 P7 V8 P9
V10
P11
V12
P13
V14
P15
V16
P17
V18
V19
FU1
V20
FU2
V18A
Time of visit (weeks)2
≤-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
21
16
Visit window (days)
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
+3
+3
±3
EFFICACY
Glucose metabolism
HbA1c
X
X
X 
X
X
X
X
Fasting plasma glucose
X
X
X
Self-measured plasmaglucose (SMPG)7
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
OTHER ASSESSMENTS
Continuous glucose monitoring, fitting and training8
X
X
X
X
X
X
Continuous glucose monitoring, sensor check9
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Continuous glucose monitoring, upload
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
SAFETY
Adverse events
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hypoglycaemic episodes
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Technical complaints
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ECG10
X
X
Eye Examination
  X11
   X12
Physical Examination
X
X
Vital signs
X
X
X
X
Biochemistry
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lipids
X
X
X
Haematology
X
X
X
X
7 Subjects will measure once daily pre-breakfast SMPG. 
8 CGM Sensors will be changed by subjects under close supervision by site staff at V1-V6. From P7 sensors will be changed in relation to phone contacts and site visits.  
9 At each phone contact or site visit from P7-P17, site staff should verify data connection to receiver.
10 ECG obtained within 2 weeks prior to V2 and V18 are acceptable if results are available for evaluation at the visits.
11 Eye examination obtained within 90 days prior to V2 as part of routine practise may replace the screening assessment if results are available for evaluation at V2. 
12 Eye examinations performed within 2 weeks prior to V18 are acceptable if results are available for evaluation at the visit.

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Trial Periods
Screening
Randomisation
Treatment
End of treatment
Follow up
Discontinuation 
Follow up visit1
Visit (V)
Phone contact (P)
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5 V6 P7 V8 P9
V10
P11
V12
P13
V14
P15
V16
P17
V18
V19
FU1
V20
FU2
V18A
Time of visit (weeks)2
≤-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
21
16
Visit window (days)
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
+3
+3
±3
Pregnancytest13
X
X
X
TRIAL MATERIAL
Drug accountability
X
X
X
X
X
Dispensing visit
X
X
X
X
Doseoftrialinsulin14
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X15
X
REMINDERS
Handout ID card
X
Attend visit fasting
X
X
X
Hand out directionsfor use16
X
Training in trial product, pen handling
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hand out and instruct in BG meter 
X
IWRS session
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hand out and instruct in diary
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Collect, review and transcribe diaries
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
End treatment
X
End of trial
X
X
13 For females of childbearing potential a serum pregnancy test must be performed at V1 and V20. At V2 and if a menstrual period is missed, a urine pregnancy test will 
be taken. If a urine pregnancy test is positive a serum sample should be taken and sent for analysis by the central lab.
14 The first 5 doses of once weekly insulin 287 will be taken at the site by the subject under close supervision by site staff (V2 to V6). After the injections at the site, the 
subjects should stay at least one hour for observation.
15 The last dose of once weekly insulin 287 must be taken 15 weeks after randomisation, whereas the last dose of the once daily insulin glargine U100 must be taken  16 
weeks after randomisation where the subjects come in for the end of treatment visit (V18). This is due to the longer half-life of insulin 287.
16 Directions for use can be handed out as needed at subsequent visits.

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3
Introduction
3.1
Trial rationale
NNC0148-0287 formulation C (referred to as insulin 287) is a novel long-acting insulin analogue,
which is designed for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, with the aim to develop a once weekly 
injectable basal insulin treatment. Currently the basal insulin products with the longest duration are 
administered once daily.
Research has shown that people with diabetes would prefer fewer injections and increased 
flexibility, than provided by the current once daily treatment regimen.1 Development of sustained 
release formulations or compounds with prolonged action, has in several treatment areas been 
demonstrated to improve subject compliance and treatment outcomes. Hence, insulin 287 would be 
a convenient basal insulin, which could improve treatment adherence and quality of life for 
subjects, with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In the present trial, the effect on glycaemic control and safety of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 
different titration algorithms versus once daily insulin glargine U100, will be investigated during 16 
weeks of treatment in insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM insufficiently controlled on metformin, 
with or without dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i). The titration algorithms will use different 
dose adjustments and either the American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycaemic target 4.4-7.2 
mmol/L (80-130 mg/dL) or glycaemic target 3.9-6.0 mmol/L (70-108 mg/dL). The subject’s 
glycaemic control will be continuously monitored using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 
system throughout the trial to collect data on subject’s glycaemic profiles. The trial results will be 
used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of insulin 287, and furthermore to define the optimal 
titration algorithm of insulin 287, to be used for the further development of insulin 287.
3.2
Background
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterised by the presence of hyperglycaemia due to 
defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes mellitus 
is associated with significant long term sequelae, particularly damage, dysfunction and failure of 
various organs, especially the kidney, eye, nerves, heart and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder, which involves various degrees of 
decreased beta-cell function, peripheral insulin resistance and abnormal hepatic glucose 
metabolism. Glucose control in T2DM may deteriorate progressively over time. ADA recommend a 
pre-meal glucose target of 4.4–7.2 mmol/L (80–130 mg/dL) to achieve glycaemic control.2 On 
average, after failure of diet and exercise alone, subjects require a new intervention with glucose-
lowering agents every 3-4 years, in order to obtain/retain good glycaemic control.3 Despite 
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combination therapy and/or insulin treatment, a sizeable proportion of patients remain poorly 
controlled.3
Improvement in long-term glucose control, as obtained with intensified insulin therapy, was shown 
in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)4 to reduce the incidence of microvascular 
complications and delay the progression of existing complications in people with T2DM. For 
patients with T2DM, who are not achieving glycaemic goals with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), 
drug intensification, including insulin therapy, should not be delayed.5
Insulin 287
Insulin 287 is a novel long-acting basal insulin analogue, with a terminal elimination half-life of 
approximately 196 hours (trial NN1436-4314). The molecule consists of a peptide backbone and a 
side-chain (coupled by acylation). The peptide backbone is more resistant towards proteolytic 
degradation compared to human insulin and the side chain gives a strong binding to albumin. 
Insulin 287 has been formulated as a 4200 nmol/mL solution, equivalent to 700 units/mL, 
anticipating that the insulin 287 molecule is equipotent to once daily basal insulins. A first human 
dose trial, with single doses in healthy subjects and in subjects with type 1 diabetes and two 
multiple-dose trials in subjects with type 2 diabetes, have been completed. The pharmacokinetics 
(PK) properties of s.c. insulin 287 following 5 weeks of once weekly dosing in subjects with T2DM
were investigated in trial NN1436-4314. This trial showed that insulin 287 exposure was well 
distributed across the dosing interval, with a PK profile suitable for once weekly dosing (the 
geometric mean terminal t½ of insulin 287 was approximately 196 hours), and a peak around 16 
hours followed by a slow decline. 
For the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of s.c. insulin 287, evaluated by glucose clamp, the 
glucose infusion rate response was evenly distributed across the dosing interval. In addition, insulin 
287 was well tolerated in subjects with T2DM. No safety concerns were identified after multiple 
once weekly dosing in the dose range of 12−24 nmol/kg (2-4U/kg). No serious or severe adverse 
events (AEs) were reported. No hypersensitivity reactions were reported.  
For further information on previous trials, please refer to the Investigators Brochure.6
Insulin glargine U100
Insulin glargine U100, is a once daily long-acting insulin analogue, indicated for treatment of 
diabetes mellitus in combination with oral antidiabetic agents and as part of a basal-bolus insulin 
regimen. Insulin glargine U100 is widely used as basal insulin world-wide and has therefore been 
selected as comparator in the current trial. For further details, please refer to the EMA Summary of 
Product Characteristics for insulin glargine U100 (Lantus®),7 U.S. Label Information8 and 
manufactures label.
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Metformin
Together with life style interventions, metformin is considered a first-line antidiabetic therapy in 
subjects with T2DM.5 Metformin is a product from the biguanide compound group. Metformin 
lowers plasma glucose levels without increasing the circulating insulin concentrations through 
lowering of the hepatic glucose output and increased insulin sensitivity. For further details, please 
refer to the EMA Summary of Products Characteristics for Metformin9 or locally approved Product 
Information.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i)
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) can be used as second line OADs in combination with 
Metformin10. DPP4i prevent the hydrolysis of incretin hormones, thereby increasing plasma 
concentrations of the active forms of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent 
insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Incretin hormones are released by the intestine throughout the 
day, and levels are increased in response to a meal. The incretins are part of an endogenous system 
involved in the physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis. By enhancing active incretin levels, 
DPP4i increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels in a glucose-dependent manner. For 
further details, please refer to the EMA Summary of Products Characteristics for the relevant DPP4i 
or locally approved Product Information.
3.3
Benefit-risk assessment
3.3.1
Benefits
Insulin 287 is currently in development for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Insulin 287 has in first 
human dose (FHD) and multiple dose (MD) trials been shown to have a long and stable PK and PD 
profile, supporting a once weekly treatment. Currently available long-acting basal insulin products 
need to be administered once daily to provide 24-hour coverage. Research has shown that people 
with T2DM, put value in reducing the number of insulin injections.11 Therefore, the compliance and 
quality of life are expected to increase by introducing a once weekly basal insulin treatment.
The trial population will consist of insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM insufficiently controlled on 
metformin ±DPP4i. For all subjects participating in this 16 week trial, the anticipated benefits 
include improved glycaemic control. Titration algorithms A, B, C and D, specifying recommended 
adjustments of basal insulin dose at different plasma glucose levels, are used in order to ensure that 
subjects receive an optimal treatment. Subjects will receive intense medical care by means of 
weekly contacts with the clinical sites.
3.3.2
Risks
Identified risks for insulin 287 describe undesirable clinical outcomes, for which there is sufficient 
evidence that they are caused by insulin 287. Potential risks in this section describe undesirable 
clinical outcomes, for which there is scientific evidence to suspect the possibility of a causal 
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relationship with insulin 287, but where there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that this 
association is causal.12
Identified risks
!
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia is a common undesirable effect related to the pharmacological mechanism of 
insulin. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia in this trial, daily pre-breakfast plasma glucose 
measurements will be made throughout drug exposure, and will prevent worsening of 
hypoglycaemia by early detection and administration of carbohydrates and medical treatment, if 
necessary.
Potential risks
!
Injection site reactions
Injection site reactions may occur with all injectable drugs.  No injection site reactions were 
reported in trial NN1436-4314 with insulin 287. However, in this trial investigators and subjects 
will be asked to pay careful attention to injection site reactions at the place of injection; 
investigators should ensure careful monitoring and medical evaluation in case of injection site 
reaction occurrence. For further information on injection site reactions, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Hypersensitivity reactions
Severe systemic hypersensitivity reactions may potentially occur following injection of therapeutic 
proteins. No hypersensitivity reactions were reported in trial NN1436-4314 with insulin 287. 
During the treatment period in this trial, subjects will have weekly contacts with the site, either at 
visits to the site or phone contacts. Subjects and investigators will be instructed for signs and 
symptoms of allergic reactions and be instructed to contact the site immediately in case of signs of 
hypersensitivity. For further information on hypersensitivity reactions, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Antibody formation leading to change in clinical effect
An increase in anti-insulin 287 specific antibodies and anti-human insulin antibodies were 
observed, for some subjects in trial NN1436-4314 trial with insulin 287. No hypersensitivity 
reactions were observed in this trial. Moreover, in trial NN1436-4314 higher antibody levels 
seemed to be associated with a longer terminal half-life and reduced clearance for insulin 287. In 
case of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction, blood sampling for assessment of antibodies against 
insulin 287 will be conducted. For more information, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Increase in hepatic enzymes
Transient increases in hepatic enzymes, upon initiation of s.c. insulin are considered as potential 
risks due to the pharmacological mechanism of insulin. An increase in hepatic enzyme was 
observed in nonclinical studies in rats and dogs. No clinically significant changes in hepatic 
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biomarkers have been observed in humans, following the administration of insulin 287. In this trial, 
measurements of hepatic biomarkers will be performed at frequent intervals.
More detailed information about the known and expected benefits and risks and reasonably 
expected adverse events of insulin 287, may be found in the investigator’s brochure and any updates 
hereof.6
3.3.3
Conclusion on the benefit risk profile
Based on the nonclinical and clinical development programme, it has been concluded that insulin 
287, is similar to human insulin with respect to pharmacological action and nonclinical safety. 
Insulin 287 was generally well tolerated within the evaluated dose ranges in the first-in-human, 
single dose escalation trial, conducted in healthy subjects, in subjects with type 1 diabetes and in the 
multiple dose trial in subjects with T2DM. No safety concerns have been observed with insulin 287; 
neither elevation in hepatic enzymes nor clinical consequences following antibody formation have 
been reported. With insulin 287, no hypersensitivity reactions and injection site reactions were 
observed. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia in this trial, daily plasma glucose measurements 
will be made throughout drug exposure. Therefore, it can be concluded that the risk to the subjects 
in this trial is considered low. The risk is acceptable in view of the benefits, a basal insulin with a 
longer action profile than currently available would provide, to subjects with diabetes. The overall 
benefit-risk profile of insulin 287 is anticipated to be favourable.6
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4
Objectives and endpoints
4.1
Primary, secondary and exploratory objectives
4.1.1
Primary objective
To compare the effect on glycaemic control of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 different titration 
algorithms, versus once daily insulin glargine U100, both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i 
in insulin-naïve T2DM subjects.
4.1.2
Secondary objective
To compare the safety and tolerability of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 different titration 
algorithms versus once daily insulin glargine U100 both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i in 
insulin-naïve T2DM subjects.
Primary estimand
The primary estimand is defined as the mean difference in ‘time in target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L 
(70–180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16) between each of the 3 
different titration algorithms of once weekly insulin 287, and once daily insulin glargine U100 for 
all randomised subjects, if all subjects had adhered to the randomised insulin treatment and had 
70% of the planned CGM measurements recorded.
The following intercurrent events for the primary estimand will be handled by the hypothetical 
strategy: initiation of insulin treatment other than the randomised treatment, discontinuation of 
randomised insulin treatment, withdrawal from the trial, and recording of less than 70% of planned 
CGM measurements in the last two weeks of treatment. Other intercurrent events will be handled by 
the treatment policy strategy. This estimand aims to reflect the estimated treatment effect for 
subjects that had adhered to the planned insulin treatment during the planned treatment period.
4.2
Primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints
4.2.1
Primary endpoint
Endpoint title*
Time frame
Unit
Time in target range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70-
180 mg/dL) measured using CGM
During the last 2 weeks of treatment 
(week 15 and 16)
Percent
*The primary endpoint is based on data recorded by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, Dexcom G6®.
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4.2.2
Secondary endpoints
4.2.2.1
Confirmatory secondary endpoints
Not applicable for this trial.
4.2.2.2
Supportive secondary endpoints
Supportive secondary efficacy endpoints
Endpoint title 
Time frame
Unit
Change in HbA1c
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
%-point
Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
mmol/l 
Change in body weight
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Kg 
Weekly insulin dose**
During the last 2 weeks of treatment 
(week 15 and 16)
U
**Investigators will record administered insulin dose for both insulin glargine U100 and insulin 287 subjects. For 
insulin glargine U100, investigators will enter the daily administered doses in the CRF and for those on the insulin 287 
treatment, enter the weekly administered doses.
Supportive secondary safety endpoints
Endpoint title 
Time frame
Unit
Number of treatment emergent adverse 
events (TEAEs) 
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 21 
(V20)
Count of 
events
Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes 
(level 3)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Count of 
events
Number of clinically significant 
hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) (<3.0 
mmol/L (54 mg/dL), confirmed by BG meter) 
or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Count of 
events
Number of hypoglycaemic alert episodes 
(level 1) (≥3.0 and <3.9 mmol/L (≥54 and 
<70 mg/dL), confirmed by BG meter)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Count of 
events
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5
Trial design
5.1
Overall design
This is a 16-week, randomised, open label, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, 
multinational trial with 4 arms investigating the effect on glycaemic control and safety of treatment 
with insulin 287 once weekly, using 3 different titration algorithms (A, B and C) versus insulin 
glargine U100 (algorithm D) once daily, in insulin-naïve subjects, with T2DM inadequately 
controlled on metformin with or without DPP4i. The overall trial design and visit schedule are 
outlined in the trial diagram Figure 5-1 and trial flowchart (section 2) respectively.
Figure 5-1 Trial Diagram
Subjects will be randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner to receive once weekly insulin 287 using one of 
the 3 titration algorithms A, B or C, or once daily insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D). See titration 
guideline Appendix 9 for further information.
The total trial duration for the individual subject will be approximately 23 weeks and consists of a 
2-week screening period, 16-week randomised treatment period, and a 5-week follow up period.
The trial includes a screening visit (V1) to assess subject’s eligibility. From screening visit (after 
signed informed consent) until randomisation, all subjects will be required to measure daily pre-
breakfast SMPG and have 10 days baseline continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles
collected. 
After screening, all eligible subjects will be randomised (1:1:1:1) at V2. During the 16-week 
treatment period, the subjects will have weekly contact with the site either at site visits (9 visits) or 
by phone (6 phone contacts). To evaluate the effect on glycaemic control, subjects will have CGM 
profiles collected, during the 16 weeks treatment period. The CGM receiver will be blinded for 
patients and investigators. 
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After 16 weeks of treatment, the subjects will come in for their end of treatment visit (V18). The 
end of treatment visit will be one week after the last dose of once weekly insulin 287 and on the day 
of or the day after the last dose of insulin glargine U100. 
The end of treatment visit will be followed by 2 follow up visits (V19 and V20). The last follow up 
visit (V20) is scheduled to take place 6 weeks after the last dose of once weekly insulin 287, and 5 
weeks after the last dose of once daily insulin glargine U100. This allows for appropriate time for 
wash-out of trial drug, following at least 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
The dose and dosing frequency of metformin ± DPP4i should not be changed at any time during the 
trial, unless due to safety concerns.
Event adjudication will be performed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death and 
hypersensitivity reactions (see section 9.2.1.1 and Appendix 4).
5.2
Subject and trial completion
Approximately 285 subjects will be screened to achieve 200 subjects randomly assigned to trial 
product. Theestimated number of subjects to complete the trial (on trial product) is 190.
Trial period completion for a subject:
Trial period completion is defined as when the randomised subject has completed the final 
scheduled visit V20 ('end of trial' according to the flowchart, section 2).
'Date of trial completion' is the date the subject completed the final scheduled visit (V20). 
Treatment period completion for a subject: 
Treatment period completion is defined as when the randomised subject has received the 16 weeks 
of insulin treatment, and attended the 'end oftreatment' visit (V18) according to the flowchart (see 
section 2).
Treatment emergent period for a subject: 
The treatment emergent period,represents the period where subjects are considered exposed to trial 
product. It starts at the first date of exposure to the randomised treatment and ends at the last follow 
up visit (FU2, V20), thus includes a time period after last dose of randomised treatment 
corresponding to approximately 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
For subjects who discontinuetreatment, but do not attend the last follow up visit (V20): Last dosing 
day of randomised treatment + 5 weeks forinsulinglargineU100, and last dosing day of 
randomised treatment + 6 weeks for insulin 287.
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5.3
End of trial definition
The end of the trial is defined as, the date of the last visit of the last subject in the trial. 
5.4
Scientific rationale for trial design
The trial is designed to investigate the effect on glycaemic control and safety, of once weekly
insulin 287 using three different titration algorithms, with either ADA glycaemic target 4.4-7.2 
mmol/L (80-130 mg/dL) (algorithm A and B) or glycaemic target 3.9-6.0 mmol/L (70-108 mg/dL) 
(algorithm C) versus once daily insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D) during 16 weeks of treatment. 
Currently, basal insulins with the longest duration are dosed once daily. In order to compare to well-
established and widely used basal insulin, with once daily dosing, insulin glargine U100 has been 
chosen as comparator. The treatment arms will be open label, as it was not considered feasible to 
blind, the use of 3 different titration algorithms for insulin 287. Also the high number of injections 
required to make a double-blind, double dummy trial would be an increased burden to the subjects.
The treatment duration of 16 weeks, has been chosen as an adequate time to assess effect on 
glycaemic control, as well as safety and tolerability. This duration will also allow for up-titrating 
the basal insulin. The treat-to-target approach has been chosen in order to ensure optimal titration of 
insulin, based on self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) values with the aim of improving HbA1c in 
the period.
Subjects included in the trial will be insulin-naïve, ensuring trial population representative for the 
relevant patient group (see section 6 regarding the subject population). All will use first line 
treatment metformin. Use of DPP4i in addition to metformin is allowed, but not a requirement. To 
include a more homogenous study population, other oral antidiabetic drugs are not allowed.
Titration of insulin 287, and insulin glargine U100, are based on three pre-breakfast SMPG values 
measured on two days prior to titration, and on the day of the contact.
CGM values will be used to generate profiles, for evaluating the effect of insulin 287 on glycaemic 
control.
To safeguard subjects, the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in this trial will limit the trial 
population to subjects, not suffering from underlying diseases other than T2DM and related 
diseases, such as hypertension or dyslipidaemia. This is to avoid compromising the safety of the 
subjects participating in the trial and to strengthen conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of 
once weekly insulin 287.
During the treatment period, the subjects will have weekly contacts with the site either as site visits 
or phone contacts and the first 5 administrations of once weekly insulin 287 will be done at the site. 
After the injections at the site, the subjects should stay at least one hour for observation. The last 
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follow-up visit, is planned to be 6 weeks after last dose of insulin 287, allowing appropriate time for 
wash-out of trial drug, following at least 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
Ethical considerations 
All subjects must only be included after a thorough evaluation, with regards to defined in- and 
exclusion criteria, in order to ensure that subjects are eligible for trial treatment. Subjects will be 
treated with a treat-to-target insulin regimen, anticipated to improve glycaemic control compared to 
their pre-trial treatment. To participate in the trial, subjects will have to spend some extra time, as 
additional assessments and visits to the clinic are required. Three of the visits will also require that 
the subject is fasting for blood sampling. In case of lack of efficacy of trial product, the subject will 
be prematurely discontinued, see section 8.1 regarding discontinuation of trial treatment.
The trial products may be associated with adverse reactions, of which hypoglycaemia is the most 
common. For further information, please refer to the Investigator’s Brochure for insulin 2876 and 
local label for insulin glargine U100. Relevant precautions have been implemented in the design 
and planned conduct of the trial, in order to minimise the risks and inconveniences of participation.
These precautions include thorough information regarding the correct administration of the trial 
products and handling of the CGM device. The first 5 doses (V2-V6), along with handling and 
fitting of the CGM will be done by the subject at the site under close supervision of site staff to 
ensure appropriate training and correct handling. The insulin dose will be adjusted gradually and 
closely supervised. Furthermore, subjects will be informed about possible adverse reactions and 
inconveniences, and will be instructed to contact the investigator in case of any concerns regarding 
the trial participation.
5.5
Justification for dose
Insulin glargine U100 will be initiated at 10U once daily and insulin 287 will be initiated at 70U 
once weekly. One unit (U) of insulin 287 has similar glucose lowering effect as one U of a standard 
insulin analogue, such as insulin glargine U100, and therefore once weekly dosing corresponds to 7 
times the daily dose, of the once daily comparator. Insulin glargine U100 starting dose is based on 
the directions for use.7, 8
The starting dose is considered to be safe for insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM. The PK/PD 
properties of insulin 287 following 5 weeks, of once weekly dosing in subjects with T2DM in the 
clinical trial NN1436-4314 showed that insulin 287 exposure was well distributed across the dosing 
interval, with a PK profile suitable for once weekly dosing. Insulin 287 was well tolerated in 
subjects with T2DM and no safety concerns were identified after multiple once weekly dosing, in 
the dose range of 12−24 nmol/kg (2-4U/kg).
After randomisation at V2, subjects will start insulin 287 and insulin glargine U100 injections on 
the same day. This treatment will continue until 15 weeks after randomisation. At this time point the 
last weekly injection of insulin 287, must be taken while the daily insulin glargine U100 injections 
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are taken until 16 weeks after randomisation, where the subjects come in for the end of treatment 
visit (V18). This is due to the longer half-life of insulin 287. 
Further details on dose adjustment can be found in Appendix 9, titration guideline.
6
Trial population
Prospective approval of protocol deviations to recruitment and enrolment criteria, also known as 
protocol waivers or exemptions, is not permitted. 
6.1
Inclusion criteria
Subjects are eligible to be included in the trial only if all of the following criteria apply:
1. Informed consent obtained before any trial-related activities. Trial-related activities are any 
procedures that are carried out as part of the trial, including activities to determine suitability for 
the trial.
2. Male or female, aged 18-75 years (both inclusive) at the time of signing informed consent.
3. Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus ≥ 180 days prior to the day of screening.
4. HbA1c of 7.0-10.0% (53.0-85.8 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) as assessed by central laboratory.
5. Stable daily dose(s) for 90 days prior to the day of screening of any of the following anti-
diabetic drug(s) or combination regime(s):
a.
Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose (as 
documented in subjects medical records).
b. Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose 
with DPP4i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose, as documented in subjects medical records).
6. Insulin-naïve. However, short term insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the day 
of screening is allowed, as is prior insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
7. Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 40.0 kg/m2.
6.2
Exclusion criteria 
Subjects are excluded from the trial if any of the following criteria apply:
1. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to trial product(s) or related products. 
2. Previous participation in this trial. Participation is defined as signed informed consent. 
3. Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of child-bearing 
potential and not using an adequate contraceptive method.
4. Participation in any clinical trial, of an approved or non-approved investigational medicinal 
product within 90 days before screening.
5. Any disorder, except for conditions associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which in the 
investigator’s opinion might jeopardise subject’s safety or compliance with the protocol.
6. Any episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis within the past 90 days, prior to the day of screening and 
between screening and randomisation.
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7. Myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris or transient ischaemic
attack within 180 days prior to the day of screening and between screening and randomisation.
8. Presently classified as being in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV.
9. Planned coronary, carotid or peripheral artery revascularisation between screening and 
randomisation.
10. Renal impairment measured as estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) value of eGFR
<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 as defined by KDIGO 2012.13
11. Impaired liver function, defined as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 2.5 times or Bilirubin 
>1.5 times upper normal limit at screening.
12. Inadequately treated blood pressure, defined as Grade 3 hypertension or higher (Systolic ≥180 
mmHg or diastolic ≥110 mmHg) at screening.
13. Treatment with any medication for the indication of diabetes, or obesity other than stated in the 
inclusion criteria within the past 90 days, prior to the day of screening. However, short term 
insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the day of screening is allowed, as is prior 
insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
14. Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus 
examination performed within the past 90 days prior to screening or in the period between 
screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unless using a 
digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination.
15. Presence or history of malignant neoplasms within 5 years prior to the day of screening. Basal 
and squamous cell skin cancer and any carcinoma in-situ are allowed.
6.3
Lifestyle restrictions
Not applicable for this trial.
6.4
Fasting requirements
The subjects should be fasting when attending some of the visits, see flowchart, section 2. 
Fasting is defined as at least 8 hours without food and drink intake, except for water and other 
prescribed medication. Trial product and other glucose lowering agents should be withheld on the 
day of the fasting visit until blood sampling and body weight have been performed. Any other 
prescribed medication should be taken as usual. If the subject attends a fasting visit in a non-fasting 
state the blood sampling and body weight procedures should be re-scheduled to the next day.
6.5
Screen failures
Screen failures are defined as, subjects who consent to participate in the clinical trial but are not 
eligible for participation according to in/exclusion criteria. A minimal set of screen failure 
information is required to ensure transparent reporting of screen failure subjects to meet 
requirements from regulatory authorities. Minimal information includes demography, screen failure 
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details, eligibility criteria, and any serious adverse event (SAE). A screen failure session must be 
made in the interactive web response system (IWRS). 
Individuals, who do not meet the criteria for participation in this trial, may not be rescreened. Re-
sampling is not allowed, if the subject has failed one of the inclusion criteria or fulfilled one of the 
exclusion criteria, related to laboratory parameters. However, in case of technical issues (e.g. 
haemolysed or lost), re-sampling is allowed for the affected parameters. 
6.6
Randomisation criteria
To be randomised, the randomisation criteria must be answered "yes".
!
Subject able and willing to adhere to the protocol including daily SMPG measurements and 
wearing CGM sensor based on the Investigator’s judgment.
7
Treatments
7.1
Treatments administered
!
All investigational medicinal products (IMPs) are listed in Table 7-1.
!
Trial product must only be used, if it appears clear and colourless. 
!
The investigator must document that directions for use are given to the subject orally and in 
writing at the first dispensing visit (V2, as specified in the flowchart, section 2 ).  
Table 7-1
Trial products provided by Novo Nordisk A/S
Trial product name and 
strength:
NNC0148-0287 C, 
4200 nmol/mL (insulin 287)
(IMP, test product)
Insulin glargine 100 U/mL 
(IMP, reference therapy)
Dosage form & Route of 
administration:
Solution for s.c. injection.
Insulin 287 should be injected s.c. 
once weekly at the same day of the 
week, anytime during the day, 
preferably at the same time of the 
day throughout the trial. 
For further instructions on dosing, 
see the titrations guideline 
Appendix 9.
Solution for s.c. injection.
Insulin glargine U100 should be 
injected s.c. once daily at any
time of the day, but at the same 
time every day throughout the 
trial.
For further instructions on 
dosing, see the titrations 
guideline Appendix 9.
Site of injection:
Thigh
Thigh
Recommended initial dose:
70 U
10 U
Packaging:
3 ml pre-filled PDS290 pen-
injector with 7U increments.
3 mL SoloSTAR® pre-filled 
pen-injector with 1U 
increments.
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7.1.1
Background medication
After randomisation, subjects should continue their pre-trial oral anti-diabetic background 
medication, with metformin ± DPP4i throughout the trial. The background medication should be 
maintained at the stable, pre-trial dose and at the same frequency, during the entire treatment period,
unless due to safety concerns related to the background medication, any change should be recorded 
in the CRF. 
In addition, the background medication:
!
is considered to be non-investigational medicinal product
!
will not be provided by Novo Nordisk A/S unless required by local law and should be 
purchased or otherwise delivered to subjects in accordance with local health plans
!
should be used in accordance with standard of care or local label in the individual country.
7.1.2
Medical devices and auxiliaries
PDS290 Pen-injector
!
Insulin 287 will be provided in a PDS290 prefilled pen with 7U increments, each pen-
injector contains 3 ml insulin 287 corresponding to 2100 units, solution for injection.
!
The subjects must be trained according to the directions for use in how to handle the 
PDS290 pen-injector, when handed out the first time. 
!
Training must be repeated during the trial, at regular intervals, in order to ensure correct use 
of the PDS290 pen-injector.
!
Always use a new needle for each injection as this will prevent contamination and ensure 
correct dose.
!
Only needles provided and/or approved by Novo Nordisk must be used for administration of 
trial product. 
!
Remember to prime the pen-injector to ensure product flow. 
The PDS290 pen-injector, containing insulin 287 to be used in this trial has not been approved for 
marketing. The PDS290 pen-injector has been documented to be in compliance with the relevant 
essential requirements of Annex I, of the Council directive 93/42/EEC14, and compliance for the 
indication for use in adults with T2DM, has been verified by the notified body, 
In this trial, 
the PDS290 pen-injector will be used in accordance with the verified intended use and indication 
for use.
The PDS290 pen-injector is not under investigation in that there is no intent to use the results from 
this trial, to support a new marketing application or extension of an existing marketing approval.
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SoloSTAR® Pen 
!
Insulin glargine U100 will be provided as the marketed SoloSTAR® pen, containing 3 ml 
insulin glargine corresponding to 300U solution for injection. The pens will not be modified 
but labelled for clinical trial use.
!
The subjects must be trained according to the directions for use in how to handle the 
SoloSTAR® pen when handed out the first time. 
!
Training must be repeated during the trial, at regular intervals, in order to ensure correct use 
of the SoloSTAR® pen.
!
Always use a new needle for each injection as this will prevent contamination and ensure 
correct dose.
!
Only needles provided and/or approved by Novo Nordisk must be used for administration of 
trial product. 
!
Remember to prime the pen-injector to ensure product flow. 
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
For monitoring of continuous glucose during the first 18 weeks in the trial, Novo Nordisk will 
provide all subjects with a CGM device (sensor, transmitter, receiver and guide).
A PC with internet connection must be available at site (same PC as used for the CRF system can 
be utilised). For further instruction and requirements, please see the user manual and guides
provided.
Novo Nordisk will ensure that trial site staff receives appropriate training, with regards to the use of 
the CGM devices. Furthermore site staff should familiarise themselves with the CGM user manual 
and guides before using the CGM devices. Subjects must be instructed in handling of the CGM and 
sensor change according to Section 9.1.3 as indicated in the flowchart, section 2.
The CGM receiver should be collected at site at end of treatment visit (V18) and returned to Novo 
Nordisk after the trial.
Blood glucose (BG) meters
For self-measuring of blood glucose during the trial, Novo Nordisk will provide subjects with a BG 
meter at the randomisation visit (V1) including auxiliaries and instructions for use.
The subjects must be instructed in how to use the BG meter, as indicated in the flowchart. The BG 
meters use test strips calibrated to plasma values. Therefore, all measurements performed with 
capillary blood are automatically calibrated to plasma equivalent glucose values, which will be 
shown on the display.
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7.2
Dose modification
Doses are adjusted according to plasma glucose values as described in details in Titration guideline 
Appendix 9.
7.3
Method of treatment assignment
All subjects will be centrally randomised using an IWRS and assigned to the next available 
treatment, according to randomisation schedule. Trial product will be dispensed at the trial visits,
summarised in the flowchart section 2.
7.4
Blinding
This is an open-label trial 
7.5
Preparation/Handling/Storage/Accountability
Only subjects randomised in the trial may receive trial product and only authorised site staff may 
supply or administer trial product.
!
The investigator must document, that directions for use are given to the subject verbally and 
in writing, at the first dispensing visit (V2). Directions for use can be handed out as needed 
at subsequent visits.
!
Conditions for storage are specified on the label and in the trial materials manual.
!
Each trial site will be supplied with sufficient trial products for the trial on an on-going 
basis, controlled by the IWRS. Trial product will be distributed to the trial sites, according to
screening and randomisation.
!
The investigator is responsible for the confirmation of that appropriate temperature 
conditions have been maintained during transit, for all trial products received and any 
discrepancies are reported and resolved, before use of the trial products.
!
All trial products must be stored in a secure, access controlled, and temperature monitored 
(manual or automated) area in accordance with the labelled storage conditions, with access 
limited to the investigator and authorised site staff.
!
The investigator must inform Novo Nordisk immediately if any trial product has been stored 
outside specified conditions. Additional details regarding handling of temperature deviations 
can be found in the trial materials manual. 
!
Trial product that has been stored improperly must not be dispensed to any subject, before it 
has been evaluated and approved for further use by Novo Nordisk.
!
The investigator is responsible for drug accountability and record maintenance (i.e. receipt, 
accountability and final disposition records).
!
The subject should return all used, partly used and unused trial product including empty 
packaging materials, during the trial as instructed by the investigator.
!
Drug accountability should be performed on pen level and must be documented in the 
IWRS.
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!
Destruction of trial products can be performed on an ongoing basis according to local 
procedures, after accountability is finalised by the site and reconciled by the monitor. 
!
Destruction of trial products must be documented in the IWRS. 
!
All returned, expired or damaged trial products (for technical complaint samples see 
Appendix 6) must be stored separately from non-allocated trial products. No temperature 
monitoring is required.
!
Non-allocated trial products including expired or damaged products must be accounted as 
unused, at the latest at closure of the trial site. 
7.6
Treatment compliance
Throughout the trial, the investigator will remind the subjects to follow the trial procedures and 
requirements, to ensure subject compliance. The investigator should retrain subjects when needed 
and assess the compliance at each contact (visit or phone contact) by evaluating the glycaemic 
control, wearing of the CGM, adherence to the visit schedule and completion of the subject´s diary; 
including SMPG values, dose and hypoglycaemia reporting. If a subject is found to be non-
compliant, the investigator will remind the subject of the importance of following the instructions,
including taking the trial products as prescribed.
7.7
Concomitant medication
Any medication other than the trial products that the subject is receiving at the time of the first visit 
(V1) or receives during the trial (incl. follow up visits) must be recorded along with:
!
Trade name or generic name
!
Indication
!
Dates of administration including start and stop dates or continuation 
7.7.1
Concomitant medication (diabetes)
For metformin and DPP4i (if used), the following additional information must be recorded:
!
Start date of current dose and total daily dose. The dose should not be changed at any time 
during the trial, unless due to safety concerns
!
For new anti-diabetic medication prescribed in the follow up period, start date of current 
dose and total daily dose must also be recorded
Until end of treatment (V18) only randomised treatment (trial products and metformin with or 
without DPP4i) are allowed. If the investigator chooses to initiate other anti-diabetic medication, or 
change dose of metformin, or DPP4i prior to end of treatment (V18), this should be registered in the 
CRF as change in concomitant medication (diabetes). 
Changes in concomitant medication must be recorded at each visit. If a change is due to an adverse 
event (AE) or serious adverse event (SAE), then this must be reported according to Section 9.2. 
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7.8
Treatment after the end of the trial
When discontinuing trial products, either at the scheduled end of treatment visit (V18) or if trial 
product is discontinued prematurely, the subject should be transferred to a suitable marketed 
product, at the discretion of the investigator. If the switch to post-trial treatment includes a new 
insulin treatment, please refer to the titration guideline Appendix 9 for more information.
8
Discontinuation/Withdrawal criteria 
All efforts should be made to keep subjects on trial products.
The subject may be discontinued at any time during the trial, at the discretion of the investigator for 
safety, behavioural, compliance or administrative reasons. 
Efforts must be made to have the subjects, who discontinue trial product prematurely, attend the end 
of treatment visit (V18) and have the follow up visits V19 and V20 performed. Subjects should be 
asked to continue wearing CGM (changed weekly) throughout the remaining weeks, finalised by a 
last visit (V18A) 16 weeks after randomisation. To support the subjects with this, sites should stay 
in contact e.g. by phone calls or site visits to collect the required data for the analysis of the primary 
endpoint.
Only subjects who withdraw consent will be considered as withdrawn from the trial. Subjects must 
be educated about the continued scientific importance of their data, even if they discontinue trial 
product.
8.1
Discontinuation of trial treatment
The subject must be discontinued from trial product, if the following applies:
1. Safety concern related to trial product or unacceptable intolerability 
2. Pregnancy
3. Intention of becoming pregnant
4. Simultaneous participation in another clinical trial of an approved or non-approved 
investigational medicinal product.
5. Lack of efficacy, defined as fulfilment of all 4 criteria below:
a.
No reduction in HbA1c measured by central laboratory from randomisation (V2) to 
visit 6, visit 10, or to visit 14 AND
b. The pre-breakfast SMPG readings on 3 consecutive days higher than 240 mg/dL 
(13.3 mmol/L) within the last two weeks period despite appropriate dose adjustments 
AND 
c.
A confirmatory fasting plasma glucose (FPG) exceeding 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) 
measured by central laboratory. The subject should come in for an unscheduled visit 
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as soon as possible (within one week). The next scheduled visit should not be 
awaited AND 
d. No treatable intercurrent cause (e.g. non-compliance) for the hyperglycaemia at the 
investigator’s judgment
If a subject is discontinued, the investigator must ask the subject if he/she is willing, as soon as 
possible, to have assessment performed according to end of treatment visit (V18) and to come in for 
the follow up visits V19 and V20. Subjects should be asked to continue wearing CGM (changed 
weekly) throughout the remaining weeks finalised by a last visit (V18A) 16 weeks after 
randomisation. To support the subjects with this, sites should stay in contact e.g. by phone calls or 
site visits.
See the flowchart, section 2, for data to be collected at the time of treatment discontinuation and 
follow up visits V19, V20 and V18A.
The primary reason for discontinuation of trial product must be specified in the CRF, and final drug 
accountability must be performed. A treatment discontinuation session must be made in the IWRS.
A subject, who does not fulfil the eligibility (inclusion/exclusion/randomisation) criteria, must not 
be randomised. Randomisation in violation of any of the eligibility criteria is Good Clinical Practice 
(GCP) non-compliance, and must be reported to the sponsor without delay. This will be handled as 
an important protocol deviation, and the independent ethics committee/institutional review board 
(IEC/IRB) and regulatory authorities must be notified according to local requirements. If there is no 
safety concerns, trial treatment may be continued or resumed at the discretion of the investigator 
after agreement with the sponsor's global medical expert.
8.2
Withdrawal from the trial
A subject may withdraw consent at any time at his/her own request. If a subject withdraws consent, 
the investigator must ask the subject if he/she is willing, as soon as possible, to have assessment 
performed according to end of treatment visit V18 and to come in for the follow up visits V19 and
V20. See the flowchart in section 2 for data to be collected.
Final drug accountability must be performed, even if the subject is not able to come to the trial site. 
A treatment discontinuation session must be made in the IWRS. 
If a subject withdraws from the trial, he/she may request destruction of any samples taken and not 
tested, and the investigator must document this in the medical record.
If the subject withdraws consent, Novo Nordisk may retain and continue to use any data collected 
before such a withdrawal of consent.
Although a subject is not obliged to give his/her reasons for withdrawing, the investigator must 
make a reasonable effort to ascertain the reasons, while fully respecting the subject's rights. Where 
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the reasons are obtained, the primary reason for withdrawal must be specified in the end of trial 
form in the CRF.
8.2.1
Replacement of subjects
Subjects who discontinue trial product or withdraw from trial will not be replaced.
8.3
Lost to follow-up
A subject will be considered lost to follow-up if he or she repeatedly fails to return for scheduled 
visits and is unable to be contacted by the trial site. 
The following actions must be taken if a subject fails to return to the trial site for a required visit:
!
The site must attempt to contact the subject and reschedule the missed visit as soon as 
possible and counsel the subject on the importance of maintaining the assigned visit 
schedule, and ascertain whether or not the subject wishes to and/or should continue in the 
trial.
!
Before a subject is deemed lost to follow-up, the investigator must make every effort to 
regain contact with the subject (where possible, at least three telephone calls and, if 
necessary, a certified letter to the subject's last known mailing address or local equivalent 
methods). These contact attempts should be documented in the subject's source document.
!
Should the subject continue to be unreachable, he/she will be considered to have withdrawn 
from the trial with a primary reason of lost to follow-up.
9
Trial assessments and procedures
Trial procedures and their timing are summarised in the flowchart in section 2. Adherence to the 
trial design requirements, including those specified in the flowchart, is essential and required for 
trial conduct. 
!
Informed consent must be obtained before starting any trial related activity, see Appendix 3.
!
All screening evaluations must be completed and reviewed to confirm that potential subjects 
meet all eligibility criteria. 
!
The investigator will maintain a screening log to record details of all subjects screened and 
to confirm eligibility or record reason for screen failure, as applicable.
!
At screening, subjects will be provided with a card stating that they are participating in a 
clinical trial and giving contact details of relevant trial site staff. 
!
All protocol-required laboratory assessments, as defined in Appendix 2 must be conducted 
in accordance with the flowchart in section 2 and the laboratory manual.
!
Please refer to Appendix 2 for details on laboratory samples.
!
Review of completed diaries, electrocardiograms (ECGs), laboratory reports, eye- and 
physical examinations must be documented either on the documents (by signing and dating) 
or in the subject's source documents. 
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!
If clarification of entries or discrepancies in the diary is needed, the subject must be 
questioned and a conclusion made in the subject's source documents. Care must be taken not 
to bias the subject.
!
Source data of clinical assessments performed and recorded in the CRF must be available 
and will usually be in the subject’s medical records. Additional recording to be considered 
source data includes, but is not limited to; diary data, laboratory reports, BG meter, pictures 
and ECG recordings. 
9.1
Efficacy assessments 
Planned time points for all efficacy assessments are provided in the flowchart, section 2.
9.1.1
Insulin dose
During the trial, starting at the screening visit (V1), subjects must be instructed to report daily 
SMPG measurements in the diary. 
From V2 subjects should be instructed to record insulin glargine U100 doses taken the last two days 
prior to titration and on the day of the contact, in the diary, exception being week 15 and 16 where 
doses must be collected every day. All insulin 287 doses must be entered in the diary. 
At each visit or phone contact the Investigator will recommend to either titrate up or down or 
remain on the same dose based on the SMPG values measured on the two previous days and the day 
of the contact. The investigator must base the new recommended dose on the applicable titration 
algorithm A, B, C or D assigned to that subject as per randomisation, see titration guideline 
Appendix 9, for further information.
The Investigator must record the following in the CRF:
!
Date, actual dose and injection time of insulin 287 since the last contact or date, actual dose 
and injection time of insulin glargine U100 taken the last two days prior to titration and on 
the day of the contact. Exception being week 15 and 16 where all daily doses are collected 
and must be entered into the CRF.   
!
Prescribed doses of insulin 287 and insulin glargine U100; i.e. what the investigator tells the 
subject to take
!
Reason for deviating from the recommended dose as per titration algorithm, if needed
For dosing of anti-diabetic medication prescribed in the follow up period please see section 7.8.
9.1.2
Self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) 
Subjects will be provided with a BG meter including auxiliaries as well as instructions for use. The 
subjects will be instructed in how to use the device and the instruction will be repeated at regular 
intervals as indicated in the flowchart, section 2. 
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The BG meters use test strips calibrated to plasma values. Therefore, all measurements performed 
with capillary blood are automatically calibrated to plasma equivalent glucose values, which will be 
shown on the display. 
Only the BG meter provided by Novo Nordisk should be used for the measurements required in the 
trial. 
Subjects should be instructed in how to record the results of the pre-breakfast SMPGs and SMPG
measurements related to hypoglycaemic events in the diaries. The recorded SMPGs should include 
date, time and value. All data from the diary must be transcribed into the CRF during or following 
the contact. If obtained via phone and a discrepancy is later detected, the values in the CRF must be 
corrected.
Occasional review by the investigator of the BG meter values stored in the memory of the BG meter 
and correct reporting of these in the diary is advised in order to ensure adequacy of the data reported 
in the trial database. 
9.1.3
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
As indicated in the flowchart (see section 2), all subjects will wear CGM during screening and, 
throughout the 16 week treatment period from V1 to V18. 
The CGM system used in this trial will be the Dexcom G6® which consists of three parts:
!
the sensor, applied under the skin on the subject’s abdomen
!
the transmitter, which is placed on top of the sensor
!
the receiver, a hand held device used to store the data received from the transmitter
The sensor is pre-calibrated during manufacturing and requires no finger stick calibration during 
use. The sensor measurements performed in the interstitial fluid are automatically calibrated to 
plasma equivalent glucose values. The CGM readings will be blinded to both the subject and 
investigator and will not be used for any insulin dose titration or hypoglycaemic episode reporting. 
CGM fitting and training
The sensor must be applied under the skin on the subject’s abdomen, using the sensor applicator as 
described in the user guide. When applied, a thin, flexible, and sterile fibre is inserted just under the 
skin of the subject, allowing the measurement of glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid.
For this trial the subject will change their CGM sensor in connection to site visits and phone 
contacts (see flow chart section 2) during the first 18 weeks of the trial. The site staff will closely 
supervise and assist on fitting of the sensor and transmitter on the subject during the site visits. The 
site staff is responsible for providing appropriate training to the subject at V1-V6, enabling subjects 
to apply the sensor by themselves during the rest of the trial from P7 to P17. At V10, the site staff 
will assist in replacing the transmitter during sensor change. 
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When a new sensor is applied to the subject it is important to enter the new sensor code into the 
receiver and to check that date and time is correct on the receiver. This will ensure that the sensor is 
calibrated to the receiver.
For further information on fitting, and changing of the CGM parts, please refer to the user manual. 
If a subject withdraws consent during the trial, a site visit must be scheduled in order to remove the 
sensor and upload the data from the receiver. 
CGM sensor check
From P7 to P17, the site staff should ensure that the subject has fitted the sensor correctly and that 
the receiver is working . This will be done in person during the clinic visit and over the phone 
during phone contacts.
CGM upload
Data stored on the receiver must be uploaded at the site to the provided CGM software program, 
following the instructions from the user manual and guides provided to sites. 
The upload will be documented by the system directly.
The following information must be recorded and transferred into the CRF when sensor is changed:
!
Serial number of the CGM receiver
!
Sensor fitting date and time
!
Sensor removal date and time
9.1.4
Clinical efficacy laboratory assessments
All protocol-required laboratory assessments, as defined in Appendix 2, must be conducted in 
accordance with the flowchart, section 2, and the laboratory manual.
9.2
Adverse events
The definitions of AEs and SAEs can be found in Appendix 4.
The investigator is responsible for detecting, documenting, recording and following up on events 
that meet the definition of an AE or SAE.
9.2.1
Time period and frequency for collecting AE and SAE information
All AEs will be collected from the first trial-related activity after obtaining informed consent and 
until the second follow up visit (V20), at the time points specified in the flowchart, section 2. 
All SAEs will be recorded and reported to Novo Nordisk or designee within 24 hours, as indicated 
in Figure 9-1. The investigator must submit any updated SAE data to Novo Nordisk within 24 hours 
of it being available.
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Investigators are not obligated to actively seek for AE or SAE in former trial subjects. However, if 
the investigator learns of any SAE, including a death, at any time after a subject has been 
discontinued from/completed the trial, and the investigator considers the event to be 
possibly/probably related to the investigational trial product, or trial participation, the investigator 
must promptly notify Novo Nordisk.
The method of recording, evaluating and assessing causality of AE and SAE and the procedures for 
completing and transmitting SAE reports are provided in Appendix 4.
Timelines for reporting of AEs and events for adjudication are listed in Figure 9-1.
Some AEs require additional data collection via a specific event form. This includes medication 
errors and hypoglycaemic episodes, etc. observed during the trial. The relevant specific events are 
listed in Table 9-1 and the reporting timelines in Figure 9-1.
AE identified
Is the event to be 
adjudicated
AE form ≤  24 hours
SIF ≤5 calendar days
Sign off ≤ 7 calendar days
Is the AE serious or 
non-serious?
AE form*
Is the AE listed as 
requiring a Specific Event 
Form to be completed ?
Source data collection 
and upload to Event 
Adjudication System ≤4 
weeks
Non-serious
Serious
No
Yes
No additional action
No
Specific event form
For SAE:
≤14 calendar days
Yes
Timelines are from the awareness of an AE .
Queries and follow-up requests to be resolved ≤14 calendar days.
AE: Adverse Events, SAE: Serious Adverse Events, SIF: Safety Information Form
* Non-serious hypoglycaemic episodes should be reported on a dedicated 
hypoglycaemic form only.
No additional action
Figure 9-1
Decision tree for determining the event type and the respective forms to 
complete with associated timelines
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Table 9-1
AEs requiring additional data collection (via specific event form) and events for 
adjudication:
AE requiring additional data 
collection via event specific 
form 
(Appendix 4)
AE for adjudication requiring 
source document upload to Event 
Adjudication System (EAS)
(Section 9.2.1.1, Appendix 4 and 
Event Adjudication Site Manual )
Acute coronary syndrome 
X
Cerebrovascular event 
X
Heart failure
X
Death 
X
Hypersensitivity 
X
Injection site reactions
X
X
Medication error
X
Hypoglycaemic episodea,b
X
aRefer to Section 9.2.6 for reporting details
bNon-serious hypoglycaemic episodes should be reported on dedicated hypoglycaemic forms only
9.2.1.1
Events for adjudication
Event adjudication will be performed for adverse events in randomised subjects. The list of events 
for adjudication can be found in Table 9-1 and the reporting timelines in Appendix 4. These events 
are reviewed by an independent external event adjudication committee (EAC) in a blinded manner; 
refer to Appendix 3 for further details.
There are 3 ways to identify events relevant for adjudication as described below:
1. Investigator-reported events for adjudication: 
!
All AEs reported with a relevant AE category (Table 9-1) selected based on predefined 
criteria (Appendix 4).
!
All AEs reported with a fatal outcome.
2. Preferred term (PT) search (standardised screening): 
!
All AEs recorded in the CRF but not directly reported by the investigator as requiring 
adjudication, will undergo screening to identify potential events for adjudication.
3. Event Adjudication Committee (EAC)-identified events: 
!
During review of source documents provided for another event for adjudication, the EAC 
may identify additional events in scope for adjudication that were not initially reported by 
the investigator. In these instances, the investigator will be notified of the newly identified 
event and has the option to report the EAC-identified event. Regardless of whether the 
investigator decides to report the event, it will undergo adjudication. 
For all the scenarios listed above, investigator must collect copies of all relevant source documents 
specific to the event type as outlined in the Event Adjudication Site Manual. All source documents 
should be labelled with trial ID, subject number and AE number, anonymised of any treatment or
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personal identifiers and uploaded to the event adjudication system (EAS) as soon as possible and 
preferably within 4 weeks according to instructions in the Event Adjudication Site Manual. Specific
labelling and redaction requirements apply to digital pictures (see section 9.4.6 and the Event 
Adjudication Site Manual for details). All follow up regarding source documents will be handled in 
the EAS. If no, or insufficient source documents are provided to the adjudication supplier, the 
investigator can be asked to complete a clinical narrative to be uploaded to the EAS.
If new information related to a reported event where source documents have previously been 
provided becomes available, it is the responsibility of the investigator to ensure that the new 
information is reflected in both the CRF and uploaded to the EAS.
The assessments made by both the EAC and the investigator will be analysed and included in the 
clinical trial report.
9.2.2
Method of detecting AEs and SAEs
Care should be taken not to introduce bias when detecting AEs and/or SAEs. Open-ended and non 
leading verbal questioning of the subject is the preferred method to inquire about events.
9.2.3
Follow up on AEs and SAEs
After the initial AE/SAE report, the investigator is required to proactively follow each subject at 
subsequent visits/contacts. All SAEs, will be followed until resolution, stabilisation, or if the event 
is otherwise explained (e.g. chronic condition) or the subject is lost to follow up (as defined in 
Section 8.3). Further information on follow up procedures is given in Appendix 4.
9.2.4
Regulatory reporting requirements for SAEs
Prompt notification by the investigator to Novo Nordisk of a SAE is essential, so that legal 
obligations and ethical responsibilities towards the safety of subjects, and the safety of a trial 
product under clinical investigation, are met. 
Novo Nordisk has a legal responsibility to notify both the local regulatory authority and other 
regulatory agencies about the safety of a trial product under clinical investigation. Novo Nordisk 
will comply with country-specific regulatory requirements relating to safety reporting to the 
regulatory authority, IRB/IEC, and investigators.
Investigator safety reports must be prepared for suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions 
(SUSARs) according to local regulatory requirements and Novo Nordisk policy and forwarded to 
investigators as necessary.
An investigator who receives an investigator safety report describing a SAE or other specific safety 
information (e.g. summary or listing of SAEs), from Novo Nordisk will review and then file it 
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along with the investigator's brochure and will notify the IRB/IEC, if appropriate according to local 
requirements.
9.2.5
Cardiovascular and death events
Cardiovascular and death events will be handled and reported according to AE/SAEs description in 
Section 9.2.1.
9.2.6
Disease-related events and/or disease-related outcomes not qualifying for standard 
AE collection
The following Disease-Related Event is common in subjects with T2DM and can be serious/life 
threatening:
!
Hypoglycaemic episodes
Definitions, classification and reporting requirements are described in Appendix 8.
Hypoglycaemia
Non-serious hypoglycaemia must be reported on a hypoglycaemic episode form.
If the hypoglycaemic episode fulfils the criteria for an SAE, then in addition to the above, an AE 
form and a safety information form must also be f illed in. One AE form and safety information 
form can cover several hypoglycaemic episode forms, if the subject has not recovered between the 
episodes.
9.2.7
Pregnancies and associated adverse events
Details of pregnancies in female subjects will be collected after the first-trial-related activity after 
obtaining informed consent, and until the pregnancy outcome and the new born infant is one month 
of age.
If a pregnancy is reported in female subjects, the investigator should inform Novo Nordisk within 
14 calendar days of learning of the pregnancy and should follow the procedures outlined in
Figure 9-2 and Appendix 5. 
Pregnancy outcome should be documented in the subject's medical record. Abnormal pregnancy 
outcome (e.g. spontaneous abortion, foetal death, stillbirth, congenital anomalies and ectopic 
pregnancy) is considered an SAE.
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Maternal form 1b
≤14 calendar days after birth
Maternal form 1a
≤14 calendar days
After birth/
termination 
of pregnancy
No additional 
action
Normal outcome 
Maternal form 2 ≤14 calendar days
Paternal form*1 ≤14 calendar days
Abnormal outcome 
Pregnancy 
verified
*1 Further information collected on Paternal form for male partners of 
female subjects requires signing of specific informed consent.
AE/SAEs in connection with the pregnancy and in the foetus/newborn 
should follow the timelines in Figure 9.1.
Prior to 
birth or 
pregnancy 
termination 
For female subjects
Figure 9-2
Decision tree for determining the forms to complete with associated timelines 
for pregnancy
9.2.8
Medical device incidents (including malfunctions)
Section not applicable for this trial. Refer to technical complaints in Section 9.2.9 and Appendix 6.
9.2.9
Technical complaints 
Technical complaints will be collected for all trial products listed on the TC form in the CRF.
The investigator must assess whether a technical complaint is related to an AE.
The definitions and reporting process for technical complaints can be found in Appendix 6.
Timelines for reporting technical complaints are listed in Figure 9-3.
Technical Complaints related to the CGM devices or BG meters and associated auxiliaries must be 
reported directly to the supplier/manufacturer.
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Technical complaint form : ≤ 24 hours 
AE form: ≤ 24 hours 
SIF: ≤ 5 calendar days
Is it related  
to an SAE?
Technical complaint 
identified
Is it related
to an AE?
Yes
No
Technical complaint form
≤ 5 calendar days
Technical complaint form : 
≤ 5 calendar days
AE form: ≤ 5 calendar days
No
Yes
AE: Adverse Event, SAE: Serious Adverse Event,  SIF: Safety Information Form
Figure 9-3
Decision tree for determining the forms to complete with associated timelines 
for technical complaints. 
9.3
Treatment of overdose
Accidental overdose must be reported as a medication error. Intentional overdose is considered 
abuse or misuse of trial product and must be reported as an AE. Refer to section 9.2.1 and Table 9-1
for further details.
In the event of an overdose, the investigator should closely monitor the subject for overdose-related 
AE/SAE and laboratory abnormalities until the blood glucose is norma lised and (or) 
signs/symptoms have been relieved. 
The administration of insulin, including an overdose of insulin, may result in hypoglycaemia. 
Symptoms usually occur suddenly and may include cold sweat, nervousness or tremor, anxious 
feelings, unusual tiredness, confusion, difficulty in concentration, excessive hunger, temporary 
vision changes, headache, nausea and palpitation. Prolonged or severe hypoglycaemia can lead to a 
loss of self-control, spasms, and/or unconsciousness and, in extreme cases, death. As with all long-
acting insulin preparations, their prolonged effect may delay recovery from a hypoglycaemic 
episode.
A specific overdose for insulin 287 cannot be defined; however, hypoglycaemia may develop over 
sequential stages if the doses administered are too high relative to the subject’s requirements:
!
Mild hypoglycaemia can be treated by oral administration of glucose or sugary products.
!
Severe hypoglycaemia, where the subject is not able to treat him/herself, can be treated by 
glucagon (0.5 to 1 mg) given intramuscularly or s.c. by a trained person, or by glucose given 
intravenously by a medical professional. Glucose must also be given intravenously, if the 
subject does not respond to glucagon within 10-15 minutes. If the subject has been 
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unconscious, administration of oral carbohydrates is recommended for the subject upon 
regaining consciousness, in order to prevent a relapse.
Decisions regarding dose interruptions or modifications will be made by the investigator based on 
the clinical evaluation of the subject.
For more information on overdose, also consult the current version of the investigators brochure6 for 
insulin 287 and Summary of Product Characteristics for insulin glargine U1007. 
9.4
Safety assessments
Planned time points for all safety assessments and subject-related information are provided in the 
flowchart section 2.
A concomitant illness is any illness that is present at the start of the trial (i.e. at the first visit V1) or 
found as a result of a screening procedure or other trial procedures performed before exposure to 
trial product. 
Medical history is a medical event that the subject has experienced in the past. Only relevant 
concomitant illness and medical history as judged by the investigator should be reported. 
The information collected for concomitant illness and medical history should include diagnosis, 
date of onset and date of resolution or continuation, as applicable.
In case of an abnormal and clinically significant finding, the investigator must record the finding on 
the Medical History/Concomitant Illness form if it is present at screening. Any new finding 
fulfilling the AE definition (see Appendix 4) during the trial and any clinically significant 
worsening from baseline (V1) must be reported as an AE (see Section 9.2.1).
For handling of hypoglycaemic episodes; see Appendix 8.
9.4.1
Electrocardiograms (ECG)
!
A 12-lead ECG must be performed by the investigator or delegated staff as outlined in the 
flowchart, section 2 using an ECG machine that automatically calculates the heart rate and 
measures PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals. 
!
The ECG must be interpreted, signed and dated by the investigator to verify that the data has 
been reviewed. 
!
The ECG at screening must be done at the latest at V2 and the results interpreted by the 
investigator before randomisation in order to determine the eligibility of the subject. 
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9.4.2
Eye examination 
Subjects with uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy are not 
eligible as this indicates retinopathy that has recently progressed to a level that requires 
intervention, or is approaching intervention, but has yet to be brought under control. 
Results of an eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist or another suitably qualified health 
care provider (e.g. optometrist) must be available and evaluated by the investigator before 
randomisation to assess eligibility. The eye examination, should be performed as a fundus 
photography (e.g. 2-field 60 degree or better, colour or red-free) or by slit-lamp biomicroscopy 
examination (e.g. using a pre-corneal or corneal contact lens examination). Pharmacological pupil-
dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated 
examination.
If the subject had such an eye examination performed within 90 days prior to screening, the 
investigator may base his/her evaluation upon the results of that examination. The examination must 
be repeated before randomisation, if the subject has experienced worsening of visual function, since 
the last examination. If the applicable eye examination was performed before the subject signed the 
informed consent form, it must be documented that the reason for performing the examination was 
not related to this trial.
After randomisation an eye examination performed according to above must be performed, as per 
the flowchart in section 2. The investigator should indicate the outcome of each eye examination. 
Relevant findings prior to randomisation must be recorded as concomitant illness/medical history, 
while relevant findings occurring after randomisation should be reported as an AE, if applicable 
according to section 9.2.1.
9.4.3
Physical examinations
!
A physical examination will include assessments of:
o
Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck
o
Cardiovascular system
o
Respiratory system
o
Gastrointestinal system including mouth
o
Musculoskeletal system 
o
Central and peripheral nervous system
o
Skin 
!
Body measurements will also be measured and recorded as specified in the flowchart, 
section 2.
o
Body weight should be measured in kilogram (kg) or pounds (lb) without coat and 
shoes wearing only light clothing. Body weight will be recorded to one decimal.
o
Body weight should be assessed with the same equipment throughout the trial, if 
possible. 
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o
Height should be assessed without shoes. Height is measured in centimetres (cm) or 
inches (in) at screening visit (V1) and recorded to the nearest whole number
o
From the body weight and height the BMI will be calculated in the CRF.
Investigators should pay special attention to clinical signs related to previous serious illnesses.
9.4.4
Vital signs
!
Pulse rate as well as diastolic and systolic blood pressure will be assessed.
!
Blood pressure and pulse measurements should be preceded by at least 5 minutes of rest for 
the subject in a quiet setting, in the same position at each of the 4 visits, without distractions 
(e.g. television, cell phones).
!
Blood pressure at screening will consist of 3 diastolic and systolic blood pressure 
measurements with intervals of at least 1 minute. All three readings must be entered in the 
CRF and the average of the 3 blood pressure readings will be calculated in the CRF. At the 
subsequent visits, the blood pressure should only be measured once.
!
Blood pressure and pulse measurements will be assessed with a completely automated 
device. Manual techniques will be used only if an automated device is not available.
9.4.5
Clinical safety laboratory assessments
All protocol-required laboratory assessments, as defined in Appendix 2, must be conducted in 
accordance with the laboratory manual and the flowchart in section 2.
9.4.6
Assessments in case of suspicion of hypersensitivity reaction to trial product 
Subjects and investigators will be instructed to detect signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity 
reactions to trial product:
!
Local reactions, including injection site reactions and 
!
Systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis
In the event of a hypersensitivity reaction: 
!
The subject should contact the site for advice on further action as soon as possible.
!
Treatment should be provided by the investigator according to local clinical practice.
Digital pictures
!
The investigator or the subject should take digital pictures of the hypersensitivity reaction, at 
time of identification and thereafter as often, as judged necessary by the investigator. 
o
The pictures should include subject identification number, date and time, time after 
dosing and a ruler for scaling. All pictures should be stored as part of source 
documentation at site. 
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Additional blood samples
In the event of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction (defined in Appendix 4), as judged by the 
investigator, the subject should be called in as soon as possible to have additional blood samples 
taken to be sent to the central laboratory in order to analyse the following parameters: 
!
Tryptase (optimal 0.5 – 2 hours post reaction)
!
Total IgE
!
Anti-NNC0148-0287 IgE antibodies 
!
Anti-NNC0148-0287 binding antibodies
!
Histamine release (basophil) assay 
!
Anti-human insulin IgE antibodies
The blood sampling should be repeated 2 to 4 weeks following the systemic hypersensitivity 
reaction. The results will be provided from the central laboratory and should be included in the 
documentation provided for event adjudication on the systemic hypersensitivity reaction.
Refer to section Appendix 4 for further information about evaluation and reporting of 
hypersensitivity reactions. For information about sample retention; see Appendix 7.
9.5
Pharmacokinetics
Not applicable for this trial.
9.6
Pharmacodynamics
Not applicable for this trial.
9.7
Genetics
Not applicable for this trial.
9.8
Biomarkers
Not applicable for this trial.
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10 Statistical considerations 
10.1
Sample size determination 
The primary estimand is defined as the mean difference with respect to ‘time in target range 3.9-
10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16) for each of 
the 3 different titration algorithms (A, B and C) of once weekly insulin 287 and once daily insulin 
glargine U100 (algorithm D) for all randomised subjects, if all subjects had adhered to the 
randomised insulin treatment, and had 70% of the planned CGM measurements recorded during the 
last two weeks of the planned treatment period (week 15 and 16). Intercurrent events for the 
primary estimand are initiation of insulin treatment other than the randomised treatment (hereafter 
defined as rescue medication), discontinuation of randomised insulin treatment, recording of less 
than 70% of planned CGM measurements in the last tow weeks of treatment, and withdrawal from 
the trial. Measurements collected after intercurrent events are handled as missing data for the 
primary estimand. 
The sample size calculation is based on the width of the 95% confidence interval (CI). Data from 
insulin degludec treated subjects in trial NN9068-3697 showed a standard deviation (SD) of 2.5 
hour for a 24h period after 26 weeks of treatment and for time in range defined as 3.9-10.0 mmol/L 
(70–180 mg/dL). NN9068-3697 was conducted in insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM as the present 
trial but used older CGM devices (iPro1 and iPro2). A trial in type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects 
NN1250-3874 with insulin glargine U100 as comparator used the Dexcom SEVEN® PLUS CGM 
device, which is considered more representative for the present trial as there have been notable 
improvements in the CGM devices. In this trial a SD of 3.0 hour in the last maintenance period was 
observed for time in range defined as 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL). However, the titration 
periods were only four weeks in NN1250-3874. The SD for the current trial is assumed to be 3.0 
based on observations from these two trials Table 10-1 shows the 95% confidence interval for any 
pairwise comparison that can be obtained with 80% probability for a range of sample sizes and 
assumed values of SD.
Table 10-1 Width of the 95% CI for various SD and number of subjects per treatment arm
Number per treatment arm
SD
40
50
60
2.5
2.4
2.1
1.9
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.3
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.7
CI: confidence interval. SD: standard deviation.
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With 50 subjects randomised to each treatment arm in a 1:1:1:1 manner, the width of the 95% 
confidence interval for any pairwise comparison is 2.5 h/24h with a probability of 80%. Two-and-a-
half hour corresponds to approximately 10%-point for percent time in range.
Based on recent trials with NN9068 with a similar increased focus on retention, it is expected that 
approximately 5% will discontinue treatment or withdraw from trial.
10.2
Definition of analysis sets
The following analysis sets will be defined:
Full analysis set (FAS): includes all randomised subjects. Subjects in the FAS will contribute to 
evaluation “as randomised”.
Safety analysis set (SAS): includes all subjects exposed to at least one dose of trial product. 
Subjects in the SAS will contribute to the evaluation based on the trial product received for the 
majority of the period they were on treatment. This will be referred to as contributing to the 
evaluation “as treated”. 
The relevant observations periods are
In-trial: This observation period represents the time period after randomisation where subjects are 
considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue 
medication. The in-trial observation period starts at randomisation (as registered in IWRS) and ends 
at the date of: 
!
The last direct subject-site contact, which is scheduled to take place 6 weeks after planned 
last dose of once weekly trial product and 5 weeks after last dose of once daily trial product 
at a follow up visit
!
Withdrawal for subjects who withdraw their informed consent
!
The last subject-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for subjects who are lost 
to follow up
!
Death for subjects who die before any of the above
!
For subjects not randomised but exposed to trial product the in-trial period starts at the date 
of first dose of trial product.
On-treatment: This observation period represents the time period where subjects are considered 
exposed to trial product. The observation period is a sub-set of the in-trial observation period. It 
starts at the date of first dose of trial product, the observation period ends at the first date of any of 
the following:
!
The follow up visit (FU2)
!
The last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and +6 weeks for once weekly
insulin.
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!
The end-date for the in-trial observation period
On-treatment without rescue medication: This observation period is a sub-set of the on-treatment 
observation period, where subjects are considered treated with randomised insulin product, and has
not initiated a non-randomised insulin treatment. Specifically, the period starts at the date of first 
dose of trial product and ends at the first date of any of the following:
!
The last dose of trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and +6 weeks for once weekly 
insulin
!
Initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment
The ’on-treatment without rescue medication’ observation period will be the primary observation 
period for efficacy evaluations. Safety will be evaluated based on the in -trial and the on-treatment 
observation periods unless otherwise specified.
Data points collected outside an observation period will be treated as missing in the analysis. 
Baseline data will always be included in an observation period. Before data are locked for statistical 
analysis, a review of all data will take place. Any decision to exclude either a subject or single 
observations from the statistical analysis is the joint responsibility of the members of the Novo 
Nordisk study group.
Exclusion of data from analyses will be used restrictively and normally no data should be excluded 
from the FAS. The subjects or observations to be excluded, and the reasons for their exclusion will 
be documented and signed by those responsible before database lock. The subjects and observations 
excluded from analysis sets, and the reason for this, will be described in the clinical trial report.
10.3
Statistical analyses
All efficacy endpoints will be summarised using the full analysis set (FAS) and safety assessments
endpoints will be summarised using the safety analysis set (SAS).
All statistical analysis of efficacy and safety endpoints will be based on the FAS unless otherwise 
specified. Confirmatory analysis addressing the primary estimand will be based on on-treatment 
data without rescue medication.
In accordance with guidance endpoints will be assessed at frequent visits and also for subjects who 
prematurely discontinue treatment. The baseline value is defined as the value from the 
randomisation visit. If this value is missing the last recorded value before randomisation visit will 
be used.
Laboratory values below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) will be set to ½LLOQ.
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Presentation of results from a statistical analysis will include the estimated treatment means as well 
as estimated mean treatment difference (or ratio) together with the two-sided 95% confidence 
interval and corresponding two-sided p-value.
In the statistical models baseline value of the endpoint value will be included as a covariate and 
explanatory factors will be categorized as follows:
!
Treatment: titration algorithm A, titration algorithm B, titration algorithm C, insulin glargine 
U100 (titration algorithm D)
10.3.1
Primary endpoint
The primary endpoint is ‘time in target range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 
weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16).  The percentage of time spent in glycaemic target range will 
be calculated as 100 times the number of recorded measurements in glycaemic target range 3.9–
10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL), both inclusive divided by the total number of recorded 
measurements. 
Following international consensus criteria15 it will be required that at least 70% of the planned 
CGM measurements, during the last two weeks of treatment is available, for endpoint data to be 
included in the analysis. 
The primary estimand will be estimated based on the Full Analysis Set (FAS) using measurements 
obtained while subjects are adhering to randomised treatment without initiation of rescue 
medication. Measurements obtained after initiation of recue medication and endpoint data from 
which the required 70% of the planned CGM measurements during the last two weeks of treatment
are not available, will be regarded as missing. Missing endpoint data will be imputed from trial 
participants who are from the same randomised group, and who have completed and adhered to 
their randomised insulin treatment without initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment i.e., data 
will be imputed based on the assumption that, within treatment groups, subjects with missing 
endpoint data will behave like subjects completing randomised treatment. Specifically, the 
imputations and analyses will be carried out as follows: 
!
First, one thousand (1000) copies of the dataset will be generated for time in range.
!
Second, for each dataset copy, each assessment and each treatment group, an analysis of 
variance (ANOVA) model with baseline 'time in target range' as covariate will be fitted to 
the time in range values for subjects having completed their randomised treatment. The 
estimated mean, and variances, from the model will be used to impute missing values in the 
same treatment group.
!
For each of the complete data sets, the primary endpoint will be analysed using an ANOVA 
model with randomised treatment as fixed factor and baseline 'time in target range' as 
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covariate. The estimates and standard deviations for the 1000 data sets will be pooled to one 
estimate and associated standard deviation using Rubin’s rule.
!
Each pairwise treatment contrast with 95% CI will be presented.
Baseline ‘time in target range’ will be derived the same way as the primary endpoint.
Efficacy endpoints
The secondary efficacy endpoints will be addressed in terms of the frame work of the primary 
estimand.
The secondary efficacy endpoints addressing glycaemic control and body weight will be analysed 
using the same model as specified for the primary model with the exception that baseline value of 
the endpoint will be used as covariate. Missing data will be imputed similarly as for the primary 
endpoint, but using a sequential approach where available data from scheduled visits during the trial
are used to impute missing data for subsequent scheduled visits.
The insulin doses will be analysed log-transformed and without a covariate reflecting baseline dose 
but otherwise using the same statistical model as specified for the primary model. 
Safety endpoints
Adverse events
A treatment-emergent AE is an event that has onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-
treatment observation period. These will therefore be referred to as ‘on-treatment AEs’ hereafter. 
On-treatment AEs are summarised descriptively in terms of the number of subjects with at least one 
event (N), the percentage of subjects with at least one event (%), the number of events (E) and the 
event rate per 100 years (R). These summaries are replicated by outputs including all ‘in-trial’ AEs 
(i.e., AEs with onset date [or increase in severity] during the ‘in-trial’ observation period).
The most frequent AEs will be defined as preferred terms that are experienced by at least 5% of the 
subjects in any of the treatment arms. 
All AEs will be coded using the most recent version of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory 
Activities (MedDRA) coding.
Hypoglycaemic episodes
Hypoglycaemia endpoints will be summarized similarly to the treatment emergent AE's for on-
treatment observation periods based on the FAS.
10.4
Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic modelling
Not applicable for this trial.
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European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). 
Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatment or prevention of 
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UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with 
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Novo Nordisk A/S. Investigator's Brochure, NNC0148-0287 (Insulin 287), NN1436(T2D), 
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Food and Drug Administration. Lantus - U.S. Label information. 2015.
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Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, Bergenstal RM, Close KL, DeVries JH, et al. International 
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Hicks KA, Mahaffey KW, Mehran R, Nissen SE, Wiviott SD, Dunn B, et al. 2017 
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International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Glucose Concentrations of Less Than 3.0 
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26.
Jones TW, Group IHGW. Defining relevant hypoglycemia measures in children and 
adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017.
27.
Agiostratidou G, Anhalt H, Ball D, Blonde L, Gourgari E, Harriman KN, et al. 
Standardizing Clinically Meaningful Outcome Measures Beyond HbA1c for Type 1 
Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 
the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the 
Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable 
Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange. Diabetes Care. 
2017;40(12):1622-30.
28.
Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B, Cryer P, Dagogo-Jack S, Fish L, et al. Hypoglycemia 
and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the 
Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):1384-95.
29.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FaDA, ; Center for Drug Evaluation and 
Research (CDER),; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER),; Center for 
Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH),. Guidance for Industry. Patient -Reported 
Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. 
2009.
30.
Stull DE, Leidy NK, Parasuraman B, Chassany O. Optimal recall periods for patient-
reported outcomes: challenges and potential solutions. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(4):929-
42.
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12 Appendices
Abbreviations and Trademarks
Appendix 1
ADA
American Diabetes Association
AE
adverse event
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
PG
plasma glucose
CGM
continuous glucose monitoring
CI
confidence interval
CRF
case report form
DUN
dispensing unit number
DPP4i
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors 
EAC
Event adjudication committee
EAS
Event adjudication system
ECG
Electrocardiogram
FAS
full analysis set
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FPG
fasting plasma glucose
GCP
Good Clinical Practice
HbA1c
glycated haemoglobin
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
ICH
International Council for Harmonisation
IEC
independent ethics committee
IMP
investigational medicinal product
IRB
institutional review board
IWRS
interactive web response system
PD
pharmacodynamics
PK
pharmacokinetics
SAE
serious adverse event
SMPG
self-measured plasma glucose
T2DM
type 2 diabetes mellitus
WOCBP
woman of child bearing potential
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Clinical laboratory tests
Appendix 2
!
The tests detailed in Table 12-1 and Table 12-2 will be performed by the central laboratory, 
unless otherwise specified.
!
Additional tests may be performed at any time during the trial as determined necessary by 
the investigator or required by local regulations. Only laboratory samples specified in the 
protocol should be sent to the central laboratory for analysis; if addit ional laboratory 
sampling is needed, e.g. to follow up on AEs, this must be done at a local laboratory.
!
If a urine pregnancy test is positive, a serum sample should be taken and sent to the central 
laboratory for analysis.
!
The investigator must review all laboratory results for concomitant illnesses and AEs.
!
Laboratory samples will be destroyed on an ongoing basis and no later than at finalisation of 
the clinical trial report. 
!
Samples to assess systemic hypersensitivity reactions will be stored as described in 
Appendix 7.
!
The laboratory equipment may provide analyses not requested in the protocol but produced 
automatically in connection with the requested analyses according to specifications in the 
laboratory standard operating procedures. Such data will not be transferred to the trial 
database, but abnormal values will be reported to the investigator. 
!
Antibody samples taken in case of a suspected hypersensitivity reaction related to the trial 
product will be stored as described in Appendix 7.
Table 12-1
Protocol-required efficacy laboratory assessments
Laboratory assessments
Parameters
Glucose metabolism 
! FPG (Fasting plasma glucose)1
! HbA1c
Notes :
1 A FPG result < 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) in relation to planned fasting visits should not be reported as a hypoglycaemic 
episode but as an adverse event at the discretion of the investigator (Appendix 4).
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Table 12-2
Protocol-required safety laboratory assessments
Laboratory assessments
Parameters
Haematology
! Erythrocytes
! Haematocrit
! Haemoglobin
! Leucocytes
! Thrombocytes
! Differential count (eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) 
Biochemistry1
! Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 
! Albumin
! Alkaline phosphatase
! Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
! Creatinine
! Potassium
! Sodium
! Bilirubin
Lipids
! Cholesterol
! High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
! Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
! Triglycerides
! Free fatty acid
Pregnancy Testing
! Serum or urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pregnancy test (for women of
childbearing potential)
Other tests
! eGFR calculated by the central laboratory based on the creatinine value using the 
CKD-EPI equation
! Additional blood samples in case of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction: 
! Tryptase 
! Total IgE
! Anti-NNC0148-0287 IgE antibodies  
! Anti-NNC0148-0287 binding antibodies
! Histamine release (basophil) assay 
! Anti-human insulin IgE antibodies
Notes :
1Details of required actions for increased liver parameters are given in Appendix 4 (Hy’s Law)
Trial-required laboratory assessments will be performed by a central laboratory, with the exception 
of urine pregnancy tests, which are performed locally.
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Trial governance considerations
Appendix 3
1) Regulatory and ethical considerations
!
This trial will be conducted in accordance with the protocol and with the following:
!
Consensus ethical principles derived from international guidelines including the Declaration 
of Helsinki16, applicable International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical 
Practice (GCP) Guideline17 and ISO 14155 18
!
Applicable laws and regulations
!
The protocol, informed consent form, investigator’s brochure (as applicable) and other 
relevant documents (e.g. advertisements), must be submitted to an IRB/IEC and reviewed 
and approved by the IRB/IEC before the trial is initiated.
!
Regulatory authorities will receive the clinical trial application, protocol amendments, 
reports on SAEs, and the clinical trial report according to national requirements.
!
Any amendments to the protocol will require IRB/IEC approval before implementation of 
changes made to the trial design, except for changes necessary to eliminate an immediate 
safety hazard to trial subjects.
!
Before a trial site is allowed to start screening subjects, written notification from Novo 
Nordisk must be received.
!
The investigator will be responsible for:
o
providing written summaries of the status of the trial annually or more frequently in 
accordance with the requirements, policies, and procedures established by the 
IRB/IEC and/or regulatory authorities
o
notifying the IRB/IEC of SAEs or other significant safety findings as required by 
IRB/IEC procedures
o
providing oversight of the conduct of the trial at the site and adherence to 
requirements of  ICH guidelines, the IRB/IEC, and all other applicable local 
regulations
o
ensuring submission of the clinical trial report synopsis to the IRB/IEC.
2) Financial disclosure
Investigators and sub-investigators will provide Novo Nordisk with sufficient, accurate financial 
information as requested to allow Novo Nordisk to submit complete and accurate financial 
certification or disclosure statements to the appropriate regulatory authorities. Investigators are 
responsible for providing information on financial interests during the course of the trial and one 
year after completion of the trial.
For US trial sites: verification under disclosures per Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) of 
Financial Conflict of Interest.
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3) Informed consent process
!
The investigator or his/her representative will explain the nature of the trial to the subject 
and answer all questions regarding the trial.
!
The investigator must inform the subject about the long-term storage of additional blood 
samples e.g. for exploratory investigation of antibodies or further development of anti-
insulin antibody assays or to assess systemic hypersensitivity reactions. The subject must be 
informed that he/she is free to refuse to participate and may withdraw consent to the long 
term storage of the additional blood samples any time and for any reason during the storage 
period.
!
The investigator must ensure the subject ample time to come to a decision whether or not to 
participate in the trial. 
!
Subjects must be informed that their participation is voluntary.
!
Subjects will be required to sign and date a statement of informed consent that meets the 
requirements of local regulations, ICH guidelines17, Declaration of Helsinki16 and the 
IRB/IEC or trial site.
!
The medical record must include a statement that written informed consent was obtained 
before any trial related activity and the date when the written consent was obtained. The 
authorised person obtaining the informed consent must also sign and date the informed 
consent form before any trial related activity.
!
The responsibility of seeking informed consent must remain with the investigator, but the 
investigator may delegate the task of informing to a medically qualified person, in 
accordance with local requirements.
!
Subjects must be re-consented to the most current version of the informed consent form(s) 
during their participation in the trial.
!
A copy of the informed consent form(s) must be provided to the subject.
4) Information to subjects during trial
The site will be offered a communication package for the subject during the conduct of the trial. 
The package content is issued by Novo Nordisk. The communication package will contain written 
information intended for distribution to the subjects. The written information will be translated and 
adjusted to local requirements and distributed to and reviewed with the subject at the discretion of 
the investigator. The subject may receive a “welcome to the trial letter” and a “thank you for your 
participation letter” after completion of the trial. Further the subject may receive other written 
information during the trial. 
All written information to subjects must be sent to IRB/IEC for approval/favourable opinion and to 
regulatory authorities for approval or notification according to local regulations.
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5) Data protection
!
Subjects will be assigned a 6-digit unique identifier, a subject number, which will remain the 
same throughout the trial. Each site is assigned a 3-digit number and all subject numbers 
will start with the site number. Any subject records or datasets that are transferred to Novo 
Nordisk will contain the identifier only; subject names or any information, which would 
make the subject identifiable will not be transferred.
!
The subject and any biological material obtained from the subject will be identified by 
subject number, visit number and trial ID. Appropriate measures such as encryption or 
leaving out certain identifiers will be enforced to protect the identity of subjects as required 
by local, regional and national requirements.
!
The subject must be informed that his/her personal trial related data will be used by Novo 
Nordisk in accordance with local data protection law. The disclosure of the data must also 
be explained to the subject. 
!
The subject must be informed that his/her medical records may be examined by auditors or 
other authorised personnel appointed by Novo Nordisk, by appropriate IRB/IEC members, 
and by inspectors from regulatory authorities.
6) Committee structure
Novo Nordisk safety committee
Novo Nordisk will constitute an internal insulin 287 safety committee to perform ongoing safety 
surveillance. The insulin 287 safety committee may recommend unblinding of any data for further 
analysis, and in this case an independent ad hoc group will be established in order to maintain the 
blinding of the trial personnel.
Event adjudication committee
An independent external EAC is established to perform ongoing blinded adjudication of selected 
AEs and death (see 9.2.1.1 and Appendix 4). The EAC will evaluate events sent for adjudication 
using pre-defined definitions and guidelines in accordance with the EAC Charter. The evaluation is 
based on review of pre-defined clinical data collected by the investigational sites. 
The EAC is composed of permanent members covering all required medical specialities. EAC 
members must disclose any potential conflicts of interest and must be independent of Novo 
Nordisk. The EAC will have no authority to impact on trial conduct, trial protocol or amendments.
Hypersensitivity reactions were observed with a previous formulation (Formulation A), which was 
subsequently optimised to the current formulation (Formulation C). No hypersensitivity reactions 
have so far been observed with the current formulation. However, event adjudication for 
hypersensitivity reactions (local reactions, including injection site reactions and systemic reactions, 
including anaphylaxis) is introduced in the present trial to ensure standardised and objective 
assessment by an independent adjudication committee of experts within the specialty.
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For further information on insulin 287, please refer to the Investigators Brochure.6
The cardiovascular events will be adjudicated in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration requirements.19
The AEs for adjudication are listed in Table 9-1 and Appendix 4.
Global expert panel
A global expert panel will consist of investigators participating in the trial in different countries and 
of designated Novo Nordisk employees. The panel will discuss and advice on global and local 
operational issues related to trial conduct.
7) Publication policy
The information obtained during the conduct of this trial is considered confidential, and may be 
used by or on behalf of Novo Nordisk for regulatory purposes as well as for the general 
development of the trial product. All information supplied by Novo Nordisk in connection with this 
trial shall remain the sole property of Novo Nordisk and is to be considered confidential 
information.
No confidential information shall be disclosed to others without prior written consent from Novo 
Nordisk. Such information shall not be used except in the performance of this trial.
The information obtained during this trial may be made available to other investigators who are 
conducting other clinical trials with the trial product, if deemed necessary by Novo Nordisk. 
Provided that certain conditions are fulfilled, Novo Nordisk may grant access to information 
obtained during this trial to researchers who require access for research projects studying the same 
disease and/or trial product studied in this trial.
Novo Nordisk may publish on its clinical trials website a redacted clinical trial report for this trial.
One investigator will be appointed by Novo Nordisk to review and sign the clinical trial report 
(signatory investigator) on behalf of all participating investigators. The signatory investigator will 
be appointed based upon the criteria defined by the International Committee of Medical Journal 
Editors for research publications20.
Communication of results
Novo Nordisk commits to communicate and disclose results of trials regardless of outcome. 
Disclosure includes publication of a manuscript in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, abstract 
submission with a poster or oral presentation at a scientific meeting or disclosure by other means. 
The results of this trial will be subject to public disclosure on external web sites according to 
international and national regulations. Novo Nordisk reserves the right to d efer the release of data 
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until specified milestones are reached, for example when the clinical trial report is available. This 
includes the right not to release the results of interim analyses, because the release of such 
information may influence the results of the entire trial.
At the end of the trial, one or more scientific publications may be prepared collaboratively by the 
investigator(s) and Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk reserves the right to postpone publication and/or 
communication for up to 60 days to protect intellectual property.
In all cases the trial results will be reported in an objective, accurate, balanced and complete 
manner, with a discussion of the strengths and limitations. In the event of any disagreement on the 
content of any publication, both the investigators’ and Novo Nordisk opinions will be fairly and 
sufficiently represented in the publication.
Authorship
Novo Nordisk will work with one or more investigator(s) and other experts who have contributed to 
the trial concept or design, acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data to report the results in one 
or more publications.
Authorship of publications should be in accordance with the Recommendations for the Conduct, 
Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals by the International 
Committee of Medical Journal Editors21.
All authors will be provided with the relevant statistical tables, figures, and reports needed to 
evaluate the planned publication. 
Where required by the journal, the investigator from each trial site will be named in an 
acknowledgement or in the supplementary material, as specified by the journal. 
Site-specific publication(s) by investigator(s)
For a multicentre clinical trial, analyses based on single-site data usually have significant statistical 
limitations and frequently do not provide meaningful information for healthcare professionals or 
subjects, and therefore may not be supported by Novo Nordisk. Thus, Novo Nordisk may deny a 
request or ask for deferment of the publication of individual site results until the primary manuscript 
is accepted for publication. In line with Good Publication Practice, such individual reports should 
not precede the primary manuscript and should always reference the primary manuscript of the trial.
Investigator access to data and review of results
As owner of the trial database, Novo Nordisk has the discretion to determine who will have access 
to the database.
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Individual investigators will have their own research subjects' data, and will be provided with the 
randomisation code after results are available.
8) Dissemination of clinical trial data
Information of the trial will be disclosed at clinicaltrials.gov and novonordisk-trials.com. It will also 
be disclosed according to other applicable requirements such as those of the International 
Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)21, the Food and Drug Administration Amendment 
Act22, European Commission Requirements23, 24 and other relevant recommendations or regulations. 
If a subject requests to be included in the trial via the Novo Nordisk e-mail contact at these web 
sites, Novo Nordisk may disclose the investigator’s contact details to the subject. As a result of 
increasing requirements for transparency, some countries require public disclosure of investigator 
names and their affiliations.
The Primary Completion Date is the last assessment of the primary endpoint, and is for this trial 
Last Subject First Treatment (LSFT) + 16 weeks corresponding to Visit 18. If the last subject is 
withdrawn early, the primary completion date is considered the date when the last subject 
randomised in the trial would have completed end of treatment Visit 18. The primary completion 
date determines the deadline for results disclosure at clinicaltrials.gov according to Food and Drug 
Administration Amendment Act.
9) Data quality assurance
Case Report Forms (CRFs)
!
Novo Nordisk or designee is responsible for the data management of this trial including 
quality checking of the data.
!
All subject data relating to the trial will be recorded on electronic CRFs unless transmitted 
electronically to Novo Nordisk or designee (e.g. laboratory and CGM Dexcom G6® data). 
The investigator is responsible for verifying that data entries are accurate and correct by 
physically or electronically signing the CRF. 
!
The following will be provided as paper CRFs:
o
Pregnancy forms
!
The following will be provided as paper CRFs to be used when access to the CRF is revoked 
or the CRF is temporarily unavailable:
o
AE forms 
o
Safety information forms 
o
Technical complaint forms (also to be used to report complaints that are not subject 
related, e.g. discovered at trial site before allocation)
!
Corrections to the CRF data may be made by the investigator or the investigator’s delegated 
staff. An audit trail will be maintained in the CRF application containing as a minimum: the 
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old and the new data, identification of the person entering the data, date and time of the 
entry and reason for the correction. If corrections are made by the investigator’s delegated 
staff after the date when the investigator signed the CRF, the CRF must be signed and dated 
again by the investigator.
!
The investigator must ensure that data is recorded in the CRF as soon as possible, preferably 
within 5 working days after the visit. Once data has been entered, it will be available to 
Novo Nordisk for data verification and validation purposes.
Monitoring
!
The investigator must permit trial-related monitoring, audits, IRB/IEC review, and 
regulatory agency inspections and provide direct access to source data documents (original 
documents, data and records). Direct access includes permission to examine, analyse, verify 
and reproduce any record(s) and report(s) that are important to the evaluation of the trial. If 
the electronic medical record does not have a visible audit trail, the investigator must 
provide the monitor with signed and dated printouts. In addition the relevant trial site staff
should be available for discussions at monitoring visits and between monitoring visits (e.g. 
by telephone). 
!
Trial monitors will perform ongoing source data verification to confirm that data entered 
into the CRF by authorised site personnel are accurate, complete and verifiable from source 
documents; that the safety and rights of subjects are being protected, to monitor drug 
accountability and collect completed paper CRF pages, if applicable, and that the trial is 
being conducted in accordance with the currently approved protocol and any other trial 
agreements, ICH GCP, and all applicable regulatory requirements.
!
Monitoring will be conducted using a risk based approach including risk assessment, 
monitoring plans, centralised monitoring (remote assessment of data by Novo Nordisk) and 
visits to trial sites. 
!
Monitors will review the subject’s medical records and other source data e.g. the diaries to 
ensure consistency and/or identify omissions compared to the CRF. 
Protocol compliance
Deviations from the protocol should be avoided. If deviations do occur, the investigator must 
inform the monitor and the implications of the deviation must be reviewed and discussed.
Deviations must be documented and explained in a protocol deviation by stating the reason, date, 
and the action(s) taken. Some deviations, for which corrections are not possible, can be 
acknowledged and confirmed via edit checks in the CRF or via listings from the trial database. 
10) Source documents
All data entered in the CRF must be verifiable in source documentation other than the CRF.
!
The original of the completed diaries must not be removed from the trial site.
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!
Source documents provide evidence for the existence of the subject and substantiate the 
integrity of the data collected. Source documents are filed at the trial site.
!
Data reported on paper CRF or entered in the electronic CRF that are transcribed from 
source documents must be consistent with the source documents or the discrepancies must 
be explained. The investigator may need to request previous medical records or transfer 
records. Also, current medical records must be available. 
!
It must be possible to verify subject’s medical history in source documents such as subject’s 
medical record.
!
The investigator must document any attempt to obtain external medical information by 
noting the date(s) when information was requested and who was contacted.
!
Definition of what constitutes source data can be found in a source document agreement at 
each trial site. There will only be one source document defined at any time for any data 
element.
11) Retention of clinical trial documentation
!
Records and documents, including signed informed consent forms, pertaining to the conduct 
of this trial must be retained by the investigator for 15 years after end of trial unless local 
regulations or institutional policies require a longer retention perio d. No records may be 
destroyed during the retention period without the written approval of Novo Nordisk. No 
records may be transferred to another location or party without written notification to Novo 
Nordisk. 
!
The investigator must be able to access his/her trial documents without involving Novo 
Nordisk in any way. If applicable, electronic CRF and other subject data will be provided in 
an electronic readable format to the investigator before access is revoked to the systems 
and/or electronic devices supplied by Novo Nordisk. Site-specific CRFs and other subject 
data (in an electronic readable format or as paper copies or prints) must be retained by the 
trial site. If the provided electronic data (e.g. the CD-ROM) is not readable during the entire 
storage period, the investigator can request a new copy. A copy of all data will be stored by 
Novo Nordisk.
!
Subject’s medical records must be kept for the maximum period permitted by the hospital, 
institution or private practice.
12) Trial and site closure
Novo Nordisk reserves the right to close the trial site or terminate the trial at any time for any 
reason at the sole discretion of Novo Nordisk. If the trial is suspended or terminated, the 
investigator must inform the subjects promptly and ensure appropriate therapy and follow up. The 
investigator and/or Novo Nordisk must also promptly inform the regulatory authorities and 
IRBs/IECs and provide a detailed written explanation.
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Trial sites will be closed upon trial completion. A trial site is considered closed when all required 
documents and trial supplies have been collected and a trial site closure visit has been performed.
The investigator may initiate trial site closure at any time, provided there is reasonable cause and 
sufficient notice is given in advance of the intended termination.
Reasons for the early closure of a trial site by Novo Nordisk or investigator may include but are not 
limited to:
!
failure of the investigator to comply with the protocol, the requirements of the IRB/IEC or 
local health authorities, Novo Nordisk procedures or GCP guidelines
!
inadequate recruitment of subjects by the investigator
!
discontinuation of further trial product development.
13) Responsibilities
The investigator is accountable for the conduct of the trial at his/her site and must ensure adequate 
supervision of the conduct of the trial at the trial site. If any tasks are delegated, the investigator 
must maintain a log of appropriately qualified persons to whom he/she has delegated specified trial-
related duties. The investigator must ensure that there is adequate and documented training for all 
staff participating in the conduct of the trial. It is the investigator’s responsibility to supervise the 
conduct of the trial and to protect the rights, safety, and well-being of the subjects.
A qualified physician, who is an investigator or a sub-investigator for the trial, must be responsible 
for all trial-related medical decisions.
The investigator is responsible for filing essential documents (i.e. those documents, which 
individually and collectively permit evaluation of the conduct of a trial and the quality of the data 
produced) in the investigator trial master file. The documents, including the subject identification 
code list must be kept in a secure locked facility so that no unauthorized persons can get access to 
the data.
The investigator will take all necessary technical and organisational safety measures to prevent 
accidental or wrongful destruction, loss or deterioration of data. The investigator will prevent any 
unauthorised access to data or any other processing of data against applicable law. The investigator 
must be able to provide the necessary information or otherwise demonstrate to Novo Nordisk that 
such technical and organisational safety measures have been taken.
During any period of unavailability, the investigator must delegate responsibility for medical care of 
subjects to a specific qualified physician who will be readily available to subjects during that time.
If the investigator is no longer able to fulfil the role as investigator (e.g. if he/she moves or retires) a 
new investigator will be appointed in consultation with Novo Nordisk. 
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The investigator and other site personnel must have sufficient English skills according to their 
assigned task(s).
14) Indemnity statement 
Novo Nordisk carries product liability for its products, and liability as assumed under the special 
laws, acts and/or guidelines for conducting clinical trials in any country, unless others have shown 
negligence. 
Novo Nordisk assumes no liability in the event of negligence or any other liability of the sites or 
investigators conducting the trial or by persons for whom the said site or investigator are 
responsible. 
Novo Nordisk accepts liability in accordance with: 
!
The Civil Code and the Pharmaceutical Law dated 6 September 2001 (uniform version 
Journal of Laws of 2008 No.45 item 271 with amendments) for Poland, please see Appendix 
10 for details.
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Adverse events: definitions and procedures for
Appendix 4
recording, evaluation, follow up, and reporting
AE definition
! An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject administered or using a medicinal product,
whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or usage.
! An AE can be any unfavourable and unintended sign, including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease
(new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product.
! Note 1: This includes events related to the procedures involved (any procedure in the protocol).
! Note 2: For users or other persons this is restricted to events related to the investigational medical device.
Events meeting the AE definition
! Any abnormal laboratory test results or safety assessments, including those that worsen from baseline, considered
clinically significant in the medical and scientific judgment of the investigator.
! A clinical abnormal laboratory finding, which is clinically significant, i.e. an abnormality that suggests a disease
and/or organ toxicity and is of a severity that requires active management. Active management includes active
treatment or further investigations, for example change of medicine dose or more frequent follow up due to the
abnormality.
! Exacerbation of a chronic or intermittent pre-existing condition including either an increase in frequency and/or
intensity of the condition.
! Signs, symptoms or the clinical sequelae of a suspected drug-drug interaction.
! Signs, symptoms or the clinical sequelae of a suspected overdose of trial product regardless of intent.
! A "lack of efficacy" or "failure of expected pharmacological action" per se will not be reported as an AE or SAE.
Such instances will be captured in the efficacy assessments. However, the signs, symptoms and/or clinical sequelae
resulting from lack of efficacy will be reported as AE or SAE if they fulfil the definition.
! Abuse and misuse of trial product must be reported as an AE.
! Abuse is defined as: Persistent or sporadic, intentional excessive use of a medicinal product, which is accompanied
by harmful physical or psychological effects (e.g. overdose with the intention to cause harm)
! Misuse is defined as: Situations where the medicinal product is intentionally and inappropriately used not in
accordance with the protocol or the terms of the marketing authorisation.
Events NOT meeting the AE definition 
! Pre-existing conditions, anticipated day-to-day fluctuations of pre-existing conditions, including those identified
during screening or other trial procedures performed before exposure to trial product.
! Note: pre-existing conditions should be recorded as medical history/concomitant illness.
! Pre-planned procedures, unless the condition, for which the procedure was planned has worsened from the first trial
related activity after the subject has signed the informed consent.
Definition of an SAE
An SAE is an AE that fulfils at least one of the following criteria:
Results in death
Is life-threatening
! The term 'life-threatening' in the definition of 'serious' refers to an event, in which the subject was at risk of death at
the time of the event. It does not refer to an event, which hypothetically might have caused death, if it were more
severe.
Requires inpatient hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation
! Hospitalisation signifies that the subject has been detained at the hospital or emergency ward for observation and/or
treatment that would not have been appropriate in the physician’s office or outpatient setting. Complications that
occur during hospitalisation are AEs. If a complication prolongs hospitalisation or fulfils any other serious criteria,
the event is serious. When in doubt as to whether “hospitalisation” occurred or was necessary, the AE should be
considered serious.
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! Hospitalisation for elective treatment of a pre-existing condition that did not worsen from baseline is not considered 
an AE.
Note: Hospitalisations for administrative, trial related and social purposes do not constitute AEs and should therefore 
not be reported as AEs or SAEs.
! Hospital admissions for surgical procedures, planned before trial inclusion, are not considered AEs or SAEs. 
Results in persistent disability/incapacity:
! The term disability means a substantial disruption of a person’s ability to conduct normal life functions.
This definition is not intended to include experience of relatively minor medical significance such as uncomplicated 
headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, influenza, and accidental trauma (e.g. sprained ankle), which may interfere 
with or prevent everyday life functions but do not constitute a substantial disruption.
Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect
Important medical event:
! Medical or scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether SAE reporting is appropriate in other 
situations. This includes important medical events that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or 
hospitalisation, but may jeopardise the subject or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the 
other outcomes listed in the above definition. These events should usually be considered serious and reported as 
SAEs using the important medical event criterion.
The following adverse events must always be reported as SAEs using the important medical event criterion, if no 
other seriousness criteria are applicable:
! Suspicion of transmission of infectious agents via the trial product. 
! Risk of liver injury defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3 x UNL and 
total bilirubin >2 x UNL, where no alternative aetiology exists (Hy's law)
Description of AEs requiring additional data collection (via specific event form) and/or events for adjudication. 
AEs requiring additional data collection (via specific event form):
Medication error: A medication error is an unintended failure in the trial drug treatment process that leads to, or has 
the potential to lead to, harm to the subject, such as:
! Administration of wrong drug 
Note: Use of wrong dispensing unit number (DUN) is not considered a medication error unless it results in
administration of wrong drug. 
! Wrong route of administration, such as intramuscular instead of s.c.
! Accidental administration of a lower or higher dose than intended. The administered dose must deviate from the 
intended dose to an extent where clinical consequences for the trial subject were likely to happen as judged by the 
investigator, although they did not necessarily occur
Injection site reaction: If an event of injection site reaction is observed the following additional information must be 
obtained if available on the injection site reaction form:
! Symptoms associated with the event
! Treatment given for the reaction
! Association with the trial product(s)
! Relevant risk factors associated with the event
Additionally, the following information must be recorded on the injection site reaction form:
! Timing and duration of the injection site reaction
! Timing and dose of last injection prior to the onset of reaction
! Relieve of symptoms
! Information about the injection (incl. needle angle and site of reaction)
! Skin condition before injection site reaction
! Size of reaction
! Needle information
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Hypoglycaemic episode: See Appendix 8
Events for adjudication:
Event type
Description
Adjudication outcome
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute Coronary Syndrome 
conditions include all types of 
acute myocardial infarction and 
hospitalisation for unstable 
angina pectoris
! Acute myocardial infarction 
(including subgroup 
classifications)
! Hospitalisation for unstable 
angina pectoris
Cerebrovascular events
Episode of focal or global 
neurological dysfunction that 
could be caused by brain, spinal 
cord, or retinal vascular injury as 
a result of haemorrhage or 
infarction
! Ischaemic stroke
! Haemorrhagic stroke
! Undetermined stroke
Heart failure
Presentation of the subject for an 
urgent, unscheduled 
clinic/office/emergency 
department visit or hospital 
admission, with a primary 
diagnosis of heart failure (new
episode or worsening of existing 
heart failure)
! Heart failure hospitalisation
! Urgent heart failure visit
Death
All cause death
! Cardiovascular death 
(including undetermined 
cause of death)
! Non-Cardiovascular death
Hypersensitivity 
! Local reactions, including 
injection site reactions  
! Systemic reactions, including 
anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity is defined as 
episodes of objectively 
reproducible symptoms or signs 
initiated by exposure to a 
defined stimulus at a dose 
tolerated by normal persons
Anaphylaxis is defined as 
serious hypersensitivity 
reactions that is rapid in onset 
and may cause death
! Hypersensitivity reaction
AE and SAE recording
! The investigator will record all relevant AE/SAE information in the CRF.
! The investigator will attempt to establish a diagnosis of the event based on signs, symptoms, and/or other clinical 
information. In such cases, the diagnosis (not the individual signs/symptoms) will be documented as the AE/SAE.
! When an AE/SAE occurs, it is the responsibility of the investigator to review all documentation (e.g. hospital 
progress notes, laboratory and diagnostics reports) related to the event.
! For all non-serious AEs the applicable forms should be signed when the event is resolved or at the end of the trial at 
the latest. For sign-off of SAE related forms refer to “SAE reporting via paper CRF” later in this section.
! Novo Nordisk products used as concomitant medication if an AE is considered to have a causal relationship with a 
Novo Nordisk marketed product used as concomitant medication in the trial, it is important that the suspected 
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relationship is reported to Novo Nordisk, e.g. in the alternative aetiology section on the safety information form. 
Novo Nordisk may need to report this adverse event to relevant regulatory authorities.
Assessment of severity
The investigator will assess intensity for each event reported during the trial and assign it to one of the following 
categories: 
! Mild: An event that is easily tolerated by the subject, causing minimal discomfort and not interfering with everyday 
activities.
! Moderate: An event that causes sufficient discomfort and interferes with normal everyday activities.
! Severe: An event that prevents normal everyday activities.
Note: Severe is a category used for rating the intensity of an event; and both an AE and SAE can be assessed as 
severe. An event is defined as ‘serious’ when it meets at least one of the outcomes described in the definition of an 
SAE and not when it is rated as severe.
Assessment of causality
The investigator is obligated to assess the relationship between trial product and the occurrence of each AE/SAE.
Relationship between an AE/SAE and the relevant trial product(s) should be assessed as: 
! Probable - Good reason and sufficient documentation to assume a causal relationship.
! Possible - A causal relationship is conceivable and cannot be dismissed.
! Unlikely - The event is most likely related to aetiology other than the trial product.
Alternative aetiology, such as underlying disease(s), concomitant medication, and other risk factors, as well as the 
temporal relationship of the event to trial product administration will be considered and investigated.
The investigator should use the investigator’s brochure for insulin 287 and/or product information for marketed non-
Novo Nordisk's products, for the assessment. For each AE/SAE, the investigator must document in the medical records 
that he/she has reviewed the AE/SAE and has provided an assessment of causality.
There may be situations, in which an SAE has occurred and the investigator has minimal information to include in the 
initial report. However, it is important that the investigator always makes an assessment of causality for every 
event before the initial transmission of the SAE data.
The investigator may change his/her opinion of causality in light of follow up information and send a follow up report 
with the updated causality assessment.
The causality assessment is one of the criteria used when determining regulatory reporting requirements.
Final outcome
The investigator will select the most appropriate outcome:
! Recovered/resolved: The subject has fully recovered, or by medical or surgical treatment the condition has returned 
to the level observed at the first trial-related activity after the subject signed the informed consent.
! Recovering/resolving: The condition is improving and the subject is expected to recover from the event. This term 
is only applicable if the subject has completed the trial or has died from another AE.
! Recovered/resolved with sequelae: The subject has recovered from the condition, but with lasting effect due to a 
disease, injury, treatment or procedure. If a sequelae meets an SAE criterion, the AE must be reported as an SAE.
! Not recovered/not resolved: The condition of the subject has not improved and the symptoms are unchanged or the 
outcome is not known.
! Fatal: This term is only applicable if the subject died from a condition related to the reported AE. Outcomes of other 
reported AEs in a subject before he/she died should be assessed as “recovered/resolved”, “recovering/resolving”, 
“recovered/resolved with sequelae” or “not recovered/not resolved”. An AE with a fatal outcome must be reported as 
an SAE.
! Unknown: This term is only applicable if the subject is lost to follow up.
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Follow up of AE and SAE
The investigator is obligated to perform or arrange for the conduct of supplemental measurements and/or evaluations as 
medically indicated or as requested by Novo Nordisk to elucidate the nature and/or causality of the AE or SAE as fully 
as possible (e.g. severe hypersensitivity reactions). This may include additional laboratory tests (e.g. skin prick test) or 
investigations, histopathological examinations, or consultation with other health care professionals.
New or updated information will be recorded in the CRF.
! SAEs: All SAEs must be followed until the outcome of the event is “recovered/resolved”, “recovered/resolved with 
sequelae” or “fatal”, and until all queries have been resolved. Cases of chronic conditions, cancer or AEs ongoing at 
time of death (where death is due to another AE) may be closed with the outcome “recovering/resolving” or “not 
recovered/not resolved”. Cases can be closed with the outcome of “recovering/resolving” when the subject has 
completed the follow up period and is expected by the investigator to recover.
The SAE follow up information should only include new (e.g. corrections or additional) information and must be 
reported within 24 hours of the investigator’s first knowledge of the information. This is also the case for previously 
non-serious AEs, which subsequently become SAEs.
! Non-serious AEs: Non-serious AEs must be followed until the outcome of the event is “recovering/resolving”, 
“recovered/resolved” or “recovered/resolved with sequelae” or until the end of the follow up period stated in the 
protocol, whichever comes first, and until all queries related to these AEs have been resolved. Cases of chronic 
conditions, cancer or AEs ongoing at time of death (where death is due to another AE) may be closed with the 
outcome “recovering/resolving” or “not recovered/not resolved”. Cases can be closed with the outcome of 
“recovering/resolving” when the subject has completed the follow up period and is expected by the investigator to 
recover.
The investigator must ensure that the recording of the worst case severity and seriousness of an event is kept throughout 
the trial. A worsening of an unresolved AE must be reported as follow up with re-assessment of severity and/or 
seriousness of the event. All the queries and follow up-requests should be resolved within 14 calendar days. 
SAE reporting via electronic CRF
! Relevant forms (AE and safety information form) must be completed in the CRF. 
! For reporting and sign-off timelines, see box below. 
! If the CRF is unavailable for more than 24 hours, then the site will use the paper AE form and if the CRF is 
unavailable for more than 5 calendar days then the site will use the safety information form (see box below).
! The site will enter the SAE data into the CRF as soon as it becomes available, see 9.2.1.
! After the trial is completed at a given site, the CRF will be decommissioned to prevent the entry of new data or 
changes to existing data. If a site receives a report of a new SAE from a subject or receives updated data on a 
previously reported SAE after CRF decommission, then the site can report this information on a paper AE and safety 
information form (see box below) or to Novo Nordisk by telephone.
SAE reporting via paper CRF
! Relevant CRF forms (AE and safety information form) must be forwarded to Novo Nordisk either by secure fax,
encrypted e-mail or courier.
! Initial notification via telephone is acceptable, although it does not replace the need for the investigator to complete 
the AE and safety information form within the designated reporting time frames (as illustrated in Figure 9-1):
! AE form within 24 hours.
! Safety information form within 5 calendar days. 
! Both forms must be signed within 7 calendar days.
! Contact details for SAE reporting can be found in the investigator trial master file.
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Contraceptive guidance and collection of pregnancy 
Appendix 5
information
It must be recorded in the CRF whether female subjects are of childbearing potential. 
Definitions
Woman of Childbearing Potential (WOCBP)
A woman is considered fertile following menarche and until becoming postmenopausal unless 
permanently sterile. 
Women in the following categories are not considered WOCBP
1. Premenopausal female with one of the following:
!
Documented hysterectomy
!
Documented bilateral salpingectomy
!
Documented bilateral oophorectomy
Note: Documentation can come from the site personnel’s review of subject’s medical records, 
medical examination or medical history interview.
2. Postmenopausal female
!
A postmenopausal state is defined as no menses for 12 months without an alternative 
medical cause. A high Follicle Stimulating Hormone level in the postmenopausal range may 
be used to confirm a postmenopausal state in women not using hormonal contraception or 
Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT). However, in the absence of 12 months of 
amenorrhea, a single follicle stimulating hormone measurement is insufficient. 
!
Females on HRT and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the 
non-hormonal highly effective contraception methods if they wish to continue their HRT 
during the trial. Otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of 
postmenopausal status before trial enrolment.
Contraception guidance
Male subjects:
No contraception measures are required for male subjects as the risk of teratogenicity/fetotoxicity 
caused by transfer of insulin 287 or insulin glargine U100 in seminal fluid is unlikely.
Female subjects:
Female subjects of childbearing potential are eligible to participate if they agree to use methods of 
contraception consistently and correctly as described in table(s) below:
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Table 12-3
Highly effective contraceptive methods
Highly effective contraceptive methods that are user dependent a 
Failure rate of <1% per year when used consistently and correctly.
Combined (oestrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation
! oral 
! intravaginal 
! transdermal 
Progestogen only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation
! oral 
! injectable 
Highly effective methods that are user independent a
Implantable progestogen only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation 
! Intrauterine Device
! Intrauterine hormone-releasing System
! Bilateral tubal occlusion
Vasectomised partner 
A vasectomised partner is a highly effective contraception method provided that the partner is the sole male sexual 
partner of the WOCBP and the absence of sperm has been confirmed. If not, an additional highly effective method of 
contraception should be used. 
Sexual abstinence 
Sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse 
during the entire period of risk associated with the trial product. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be 
evaluated in relation to the duration of the trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject.
Notes: 
a Failure rates may differ from < 1% per year, if not used consistently and correctly. Use should be consistent with local 
regulations regarding the use of contraceptive methods for subjects participating in clinical trials. 
Pregnancy testing
!
WOCBP should only be included after a negative highly sensitive serum pregnancy test.
!
Urine Pregnancy testing should be performed whenever a menstrual cycle is missed or when 
pregnancy is otherwise suspected.
!
If a urine pregnancy test is positive, a serum sample should be taken and sent to the central 
laboratory for analysis
Collection of pregnancy information
Female subjects who become pregnant 
!
Investigator will collect pregnancy information on any female subject, who becomes 
pregnant while participating in this trial.
!
Information will be recorded on the appropriate form and submitted to Novo Nordisk via 
secure fax, encrypted e-mail or courier within 14 calendar days of learning of a subject's 
pregnancy.
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!
Subject will be followed to determine the outcome of the pregnancy. The investigator will 
collect follow up information on subject and neonate, which will be forwarded to Novo 
Nordisk. Generally, follow up will not be required for longer than 1 month beyond the 
delivery date.
!
Any termination of pregnancy will be reported, regardless of foetal status (presence or 
absence of anomalies) or indication for procedure.
!
While pregnancy itself is not considered to be an AE or SAE, any pregnancy complication 
or elective termination of a pregnancy will be reported as an AE or SAE. 
!
A spontaneous abortion is always considered to be an SAE and will be reported as such.
!
Any SAE occurring as a result of a post-trial pregnancy, which is considered 
possibly/probably related to the trial product by the investigator, will be reported to Novo 
Nordisk as described in Appendix 4. While the investigator is not obligated to actively seek 
this information in former subjects, he or she may learn of an SAE through spontaneous 
reporting. 
Any female subject who becomes pregnant while participating in the trial will discontinue trial 
product. 
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Technical complaints: Definition and procedures for 
Appendix 6
recording, evaluation, follow up and reporting
Technical complaint definition 
! A technical complaint is any written, electronic or oral communication that alleges product (medicine or device)
defects. The technical complaint may be associated with an AE, but does not concern the AE itself.
Examples of technical complaints:
!
Problems with the physical or chemical appearance of trial products (e.g. discoloration, particles or
contamination).
!
Problems with packaging material including labelling.
!
Problems related to medical devices (e.g. to the injection mechanism, dose setting mechanism, push
button or interface between the pen-injector and the needle).
Time period for detecting technical complaints 
! All technical complaints, which occur from the time of receipt of the product at trial site until the time of the last
usage of the product, must be collected for products predefined on the technical complaint form.
Reporting of technical complaints to Novo Nordisk
Contact details (fax, e-mail and address) for Customer Complaint Center –refer to Attachment I
Technical complaints must be reported on a separate technical complaint form:
1.
One technical complaint form must be completed for each affected DUN
2.
If DUN is not available, a technical complaint form for each batch, code or lot number must be completed
Timelines for reporting of technical complaints to Novo Nordisk
! The investigator must complete the technical complaint form in the CRF within the timelines specified in Figure 9-3.
If the CRF is unavailable or when reporting a technical complaint that is not subject related, the information must be
provided on a paper form by fax, e-mail or courier to Customer Complaint Center, Novo Nordisk, within the same
timelines as stated above. When the CRF becomes available again, the investigator must enter the information on the
technical complaint form in the CRF.
Follow up of technical complaints 
! The investigator is responsible for ensuring that new or updated information will be recorded on the originally
completed form.
Collection, storage and shipment of technical complaint samples
! The investigator must collect the technical complaint sample and all associated parts that were packed in the same
DUN and notify the monitor within 5 calendar days of obtaining the sample at trial site. The sample and all
associated parts must be sent as soon as possible to Customer Complaint Center, Novo Nordisk, together with a copy
of the completed technical complaint form. The technical complaint sample should contain the batch, code or lot
number and, if available, the DUN. If the technical complaint sample is unobtainable, the reason must be stated on
the technical complaint form. If several samples are shipped in one shipment, the sample and the corresponding
technical complaint form should be kept together.
! Storage of the technical complaint sample must be done in accordance with the conditions prescribed for the product.
Reporting of technical complaints for Novo Nordisk products not included in technical complaint form
! Technical complaints on Novo Nordisk products not included in the technical complaint form should be reported to
local Novo Nordisk affiliate with a reference to trial ID.
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Retention of human biosamples
Appendix 7
Samples to assess systemic hypersensitivity reactions will be stored at a central bio-repository after 
end of trial and until marketing authorisation approval or until the research project terminates, but 
no longer than 15 years from end of trial, after which they will be destroyed.
Such samples may be used for later analysis of allergic responses towards drug, if required by 
health authorities or for safety reasons, or for exploratory investigation of antibodies or further 
development of anti-insulin antibody assays.
The subject’s identity will remain confidential and the antibody samples will be identified only by 
subject number, visit number and trial identification number. No direct identification of the subject 
will be stored together with the samples.
Only Novo Nordisk staff and biorepository personnel will have access to the stored samples.
Subjects can contact the investigator if they wish to be informed about results derived from stored 
biosamples obtained from their own body.
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Hypoglycaemic episodes
Appendix 8
Classification of hypoglycaemia
Classification of hypoglycaemia
Level
Glycaemic criteria
Description
Hypoglycaemia alert value 
(level 1)
< 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and 
≥ 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)  
Sufficiently low for treatment with fast-acting 
carbohydrate and dose 
adjustment of glucose-lowering therapy
Clinically significant 
hypoglycaemia (level 2)
< 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)
Sufficiently low to indicate serious, clinically 
important hypoglycaemia
Severe hypoglycaemia 
(level 3)
No specific glucose threshold
Hypoglycaemia associated with severe cognitive 
impairment requiring
external assistance for recovery
Notes: Novo Nordisk terms adapted from IHSG25, ADA-20182, ISPAD26, Type 1 diabetes outcomes program27, 
ATTD15. Severe hypoglycaemia as defined by Seaquist28 .
Reporting of hypoglycaemic episodes:
Plasma glucose (PG) should always be measured by the study provided BG meter and recorded in 
the diary and CRF when a hypoglycaemic episode is suspected. 
PG values <3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) should be reported as a hypoglycaemic episode according to 
the instructions below. When a subject experiences a hypoglycaemic episode, subject/investigator 
should record the general information in relation to the hypoglycaemia (timing, PG measurements, 
symptoms etc.) as described in the diary/CRF, respectively. In case a subject is not able to fill in the 
diary (e.g. in case of hospitalisation), the investigator should report the hypoglycaemic episode in 
the hypoglycaemic episode CRF.
Upon onset of a hypoglycaemic episode the subject is recommended to measure PG every 15 
minutes until the SMPG value is ≥3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and in case of severe hypoglycaemia, 
that the condition have been resolved in accordance with current guidelines28. Furthermore, subjects 
should be encouraged to measure and follow their SMPG values 1-2 hours after the episode.
Repeated SMPG measurements and/or symptoms will by default be considered as one 
hypoglycaemic episode until a succeeding SMPG value is ≥ 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and/or 
symptoms have been resolved. The episode should be reported as only one hypoglycaemic episode 
on the hypoglycaemic episode CRF. In case of several low SMPG values within the hypoglycaemic 
episode, the lowest value is the one that will be reported as the SMPG value for the hypoglycaemic 
episode but the start time of the episode will remain as the time for the first low SMPG value and/or 
symptom. The remaining values will be kept as source data in the diary. 
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If the severity of a hypoglycaemic episode changes, only one hypoglycaemic episode should be 
reported, reflecting the most severe degree of hypoglycaemia.
Regarding the question: “To feel better, did you need help to get a sugary drink, food, or 
medicine?” the investigator must instruct subjects that the answer should be “Yes”, if the episode is 
an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or 
take other corrective actions. PG concentrations may not be available during an event, but 
neurological recovery following the return of PG to normal is considered sufficient evidence that 
the event was induced by a low PG concentration.28
Additional information (e.g. description of symptoms, alleviation of symptoms, seizure or coma) in 
relation to severe hypoglycaemic episodes must be recorded in the hypoglycaemic episode CRF.
Diary Review
At each visit or phone contact, the investigator should review all the daily pre-breakfast SMPG
values in the diary for low values not reported as hypoglycaemic episodes. The subject must be 
questioned whether any of the low values were severe, i.e. whether the subject could have handled 
the episode (by getting a sugary drink and/or food) him/herself. If the subject could not have 
handled the episode him/herself, it has to be reported as a hypoglycaemic episode in the 
hypoglycaemic episode CRF describing that the subject could not have handled the episode 
him/herself. 
For low SMPG values for hypoglycaemic episodes where the subject could handle the episode 
him/herself: 
!
If a hypoglycaemic episode form in the diary is not completed by the subject within 7 
calendar days of the SMPG measurement, the episode should be described in the source 
documents and reported by the investigator on a hypoglycaemic episode CRF with as much 
information as possible: Novo Nordisk will not query for additional data except for the start 
date and whether the subject could have handled the episode him/herself due to the 
decreased validity of such data.29, 30
Re-training of subjects
The subject must be re-trained in how to report hypoglycaemic episodes if the investigator identifies 
low SMPG values not reported as hypoglycaemic episodes. The training should be documented by 
the investigator in source documents.
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Titration guideline 
Appendix 9
Titration guidelines have been developed, providing recommended dose adjustments at different PG
levels to ensure that subjects receive an optimal treatment. However, it is recognised that insulin 
treatment should be individualised and the specific titration algorithms may not be applicable in 
certain clinical situations. Hence, it is important that other information, such as symptoms of 
hypo/hyperglycaemia, previous response to dose adjustments, other glucose measurements and 
other indicators of the subject’s level of glycaemic control, is taken into consideration when 
decisions on dosing are made. The investigator is responsible for the treatment of the subjects and 
can therefore overrule the guidelines to avoid safety hazards.
Initiation of trial products
At randomisation eligible subjects will be randomised to receive insulin 287 using either algorithm 
A, B or C, or to receive insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D).
Insulin 287 should be taken once weekly at the same day of the week. The starting dose will be 
70U. Insulin 287 should be injected s.c.
Insulin glargine U100 should be taken once daily at any time of the day, but at the same time every 
day. The starting dose will be 10U. Insulin glargine U100 should be injected s.c.
The treat-to-target approach will be applied to all four treatment arms to optimise glycaemic control 
throughout the trial. There are no maximum or minimum insulin doses.
Dose adjustment of trial products during the trial
After randomisation the trial products will be adjusted once weekly by the investigator in 
connection with the scheduled visits/phone contacts as described below. Titrated dose should be 
maintained until new titration or review is performed by the Investigator.
The dose adjustment will be based on the three pre-breakfast SMPG values measured on two days 
prior to titration and on the day of the contact. 
If one or more SMPG values are missing, the dose adjustment should be performed on the 
remaining SMPG value(s).
Titration of insulin 287 (algorithm A and algorithm B) and insulin glargine U100 (algorithm 
D)
Titration will be performed in accordance with Table 12-4. If at least one pre-breakfast SMPG value
is < 4.4 mmol/L (< 80 mg/dL), the insulin dose should be reduced. If all SMPG values ≥ 4.4 
mmol/L (≥ 80 mg/dL), the dose adjustment should be based on the mean pre-breakfast SMPG.
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Trial ID: NN1436-4465
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Table 12-4
Dose adjustment for insulin 287 (algorithm A and B) and insulin glargine U100
(algorithm D)
Pre-breakfast SMPG
Insulin 287 titration 
algorithm A
Insulin 287 titration 
algorithm B
Insulin glargine U100
algorithm D
mmol/L
mg/dL
U
U
U
< 4.4
< 80
-21
-28
-4
4.4-7.2
80-130
No adjustment
No adjustment
No adjustment
> 7.2
> 130
+21
+28
+4
Titration of insulin 287 (algorithm C)
Titration will be performed in accordance with Table 12-5. If at least one pre-breakfast SMPG value 
is < 3.9 mmol/L (< 70 mg/dL), the insulin dose should be reduced. If all SMPG values are ≥ 3.9 
mmol/L (≥ 70 mg/dL), the dose adjustment should be based on the mean pre-breakfast SMPG.
Table 12-5
Dose adjustment of insulin 287 (algorithm C)
Pre-breakfast SMPG
Dose adjustment
mmol/L
mg/dL
U
<3.9
<70
–28
3.9–6.0
70–108
No adjustment
>6.0
>108
+28
Missing and delayed dose guidance for insulin 287
The dosing window for insulin 287 is ±1 day.
If a dose is missed for ≤ 4 days after the planned dosing day, subjects should inject the planned full 
dose as soon as possible and perform control SMPG measurements. 
If the missing dose is observed from day 5 to day 7 (which is the next planned dosing day), subject 
should inject 50% of the missed dose rounded down to the nearest possible dose, which can be 
divided with 7, e.g. if a subject forgot to take the prescribed dose of 91U, then 50% of 91U is 45,5U 
and hence the dose should be rounded down to 42U. On day 7, the next scheduled full prescribed 
dose should still be taken. Additional SMPG measurements should be performed to control PG.
Dose recommendation from end of treatment (EOT) and during follow up for insulin 287
If it is decided that the individual subject should continue on insulin treatment after EOT it is 
recommended that the subject is switched from insulin 287 to any available basal insulin at the 
discretion of the investigator. The initial post-trial basal dose is estimated as follows:
!
Convert the latest weekly insulin 287 dose to a daily dose by dividing by 7 and reduce this 
dose by 50%.
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Trial ID: NN1436-4465
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!
Initiate the new daily basal insulin based on above calculated dose.
!
Consider titration of the basal insulin once or twice weekly according to the pre-breakfast 
SMPG values and the local label of the chosen insulin
Deviations from the algorithm
It is recommended that the algorithms are followed. However, it is also important that the decision 
to adjust insulin doses is based on all relevant information. A reason for deviating from the 
algorithm should be entered into the CRF by the investigator as applicable.
Data collection
The following data should be entered into the diary by the subject every day and reviewed by the 
investigator during the clinic visit:
!
Per protocol pre-breakfast SMPG values measured daily since last visit/telephone contact
!
Insulin glargine U100 doses taken the last two days prior to titration and on the day of the 
contact. Exception being week 15 and 16 where doses are collected every day. All insulin 
287 doses must be entered in the diary.
The following should be entered by investigator into the CRF within 24 hours after each contact:
!
Per protocol pre-breakfast SMPG values measured daily since last visit/telephone contact
!
Date, actual dose and injection time of insulin 287 since the last contact or date, actual dose 
and injection time of insulin glargine U100 taken the last two days prior to titration and on 
the day of the contact. Exception being week 15 and 16 where all daily doses are collected 
and must be entered into the CRF. 
!
Insulin glargine U100 or insulin 287 doses prescribed at this contact.
!
Reasons for deviation from the titration algorithms, if applicable
!
Hypoglycaemic episodes
Data surveillance
Surveillance of titration data will be performed centrally by Novo Nordisk in an unbiased or, if 
possible, a blinded manner. The data will be reviewed and significant changes from the titration 
algorithm will be followed up. 
It is important that data regarding titration is entered into the diary and into the CRF. If delays 
occur, action cannot be taken in due time before the subject’s next site visit/phone contact. The aim 
is to reduce the time periods, in which a subject may receive suboptimal treatment.
The titration data should be reviewed by Novo Nordisk within 24 hours (on workdays). The 
reviewer may contact the investigator by e-mail or phone to clarify reasons for deviation or to 
request entry of missing data. When the investigator receives an inquiry, a response should be 
received at Novo Nordisk within 24 hours (on workdays). In addition, Novo Nordisk will monitor 
changes in HbA1C. Novo Nordisk may visit or phone sites to discuss progress in glycaemic control 
and titration of individual subjects.
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Country-specific Requirements
Appendix 10
For Germany: Subject's full Date of Birth is not allowed to be collected and must be shortened to 
Year of Birth.
For Spain: Clinical trial documentation must be retained 25 years according to the new Spanish 
Royal Decree 1090/2015.
For US: Eye examinations: Funduscopy/fundusphotography will be performed by the Investi gator 
or a local Ophthalmologist/Optometrist according to local practice.
For Poland: Novo Nordisk carries liability for the trial exclusively in the scope defined by the 
applicable laws and in particular by the Civil Code and the Pharmaceutical Law dated 6 September 
2001 (uniform version Journal of Laws of 2008 No.45 item 271 with amendments). In order to 
support potential claims for liability attributable to the Trial, Novo Nordisk and investigator are 
covered by Insurance Policy issued according to applicable Polish law.
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Protocol
Protocol title: A trial comparing NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine U100, 
both in combination with metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors and with 
or without SGLT2 inhibitors, in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes 
mellitus
Substance number: NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287)
Universal Trial Number: U1111-1219-5474 
EUdraCT Number: 2018-003406-11 
Trial phase: 2a
In the following, Novo Nordisk A/S and its affiliates will be stated as “Novo Nordisk”.
This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be 
disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.
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This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be 
disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.

Protocol
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Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Version:
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Protocol amendment summary of changes table
DOCUMENT HISTORY
Document
Date
Version
Updated protocol including 
amendment 1
01 February 2019
2.0
Original protocol
29 November 2018
1.0
Protocol amendment no. 1, 01 February 2019 version 1.0
This amendment is considered to be substantial based on the criteria set forth in Article 10(a) of 
Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union1.
Overall rationale for amendment no. 1:
Allowing few OADs (metformin and DPP4i) in the target population was to aim for a pure and 
homogeneous population. Current clinical practice however has moved towards increasing the use 
of other OADs as SGLT2i prior to initiating insulin.2 We therefore update the protocol to align with 
clinical practice. With allowing metformin, DPP4i and SGLT2i the protocol will closer reflect the 
clinical practice while at the same time securing a relatively homogeneous population.
Section # and name
Description of change
Rationale
Front-page: Title
Addition of the wording ‘with or 
without SGLT2 inhibitors’.
#1: To align with clinical practise.
[6.1] Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria updated to allow 
subjects on SGLT2 inhibitors in 
addition to metformin ± DPP4 
inhibitors, to be included in the trial. 
#1: To align with clinical practise.
[1] Synopsis – [10]. Statistical
considerations
In connection to mentioning of 
background medication (metformin 
and DPP4i) SGLT2i was added. 
#1: To align with clinical practise.
[5] Trial design and [10] Statistical
considerations
Addition of stratification of subjects 
based on whether or not they are
entering the trial on SGLT2i or not.
#2: To ensure equal distribution of 
subjects in all treatment arms. 
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Table of Contents   
Page
Protocol amendment summary of changes table .......................................................................................2
Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................3
1
Synopsis................................................................................................................................................6
2
Flowchart .............................................................................................................................................9
3
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................12
3.1
Trial rationale..........................................................................................................................12
3.2
Background.............................................................................................................................12
3.3
Benefit-risk assessment ...........................................................................................................14
3.3.1
Benefits .................................................................................................................14
3.3.2
Risks......................................................................................................................15
3.3.3
Conclusion on the benefit risk profile.....................................................................16
4
Objectives and endpoints...................................................................................................................17
4.1
Primary, secondary and exploratory objectives ........................................................................17
4.1.1
Primary objective...................................................................................................17
4.1.2
Secondary objective...............................................................................................17
4.2
Primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints.........................................................................17
4.2.1
Primary endpoint ...................................................................................................17
4.2.2
Secondary endpoints ..............................................................................................18
4.2.2.1
Confirmatory secondary endpoints ...................................................18
4.2.2.2
Supportive secondary endpoints .......................................................18
5
Trial design ........................................................................................................................................19
5.1
Overall design.........................................................................................................................19
5.2
Subject and trial completion....................................................................................................20
5.3
End of trial definition ..............................................................................................................21
5.4
Scientific rationale for trial design...........................................................................................21
5.5
Justification for dose ...............................................................................................................22
6
Trial population .................................................................................................................................23
6.1
Inclusion criteria .....................................................................................................................23
6.2
Exclusion criteria ....................................................................................................................23
6.3
Lifestyle restrictions................................................................................................................24
6.4
Fasting requirements ...............................................................................................................24
6.5
Screen failures ........................................................................................................................25
6.6
Randomisation criteria ............................................................................................................25
7
Treatments .........................................................................................................................................25
7.1
Treatments administered .........................................................................................................25
7.1.1
Background medication .........................................................................................26
7.1.2
Medical devices and auxiliaries..............................................................................26
7.2
Dose modification...................................................................................................................28
7.3
Method of treatment assignment..............................................................................................28
7.4
Blinding..................................................................................................................................28
7.5
Preparation/Handling/Storage/Accountability..........................................................................28
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7.6
Treatment compliance.............................................................................................................29
7.7
Concomitant medication..........................................................................................................29
7.7.1
Concomitant medication (diabetes) ........................................................................29
7.8
Treatment after the end of the trial...........................................................................................30
8
Discontinuation/Withdrawal criteria ................................................................................................30
8.1
Discontinuation of trial treatment ............................................................................................30
8.2
Withdrawal from the trial ........................................................................................................31
8.2.1
Replacement of subjects.........................................................................................32
8.3
Lost to follow-up.....................................................................................................................32
9
Trial assessments and procedures .....................................................................................................33
9.1
Efficacy assessments...............................................................................................................33
9.1.1
Insulin dose ...........................................................................................................33
9.1.2
Self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG)..................................................................34
9.1.3
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)..................................................................34
9.1.4
Clinical efficacy laboratory assessments.................................................................36
9.2
Adverse events........................................................................................................................36
9.2.1
Time period and frequency for collecting AE and SAE information........................36
9.2.1.1
Events for adjudication.....................................................................38
9.2.2
Method of detecting AEs and SAEs .......................................................................39
9.2.3
Follow up on AEs and SAEs ..................................................................................39
9.2.4
Regulatory reporting requirements for SAEs ..........................................................39
9.2.5
Cardiovascular and death events.............................................................................39
9.2.6
Disease-related events and/or disease-related outcomes not qualifying for 
standard AE collection...........................................................................................39
9.2.7
Pregnancies and associated adverse events .............................................................40
9.2.8
Medical device incidents (including malfunctions).................................................40
9.2.9
Technical complaints .............................................................................................40
9.3
Treatment of overdose.............................................................................................................41
9.4
Safety assessments ..................................................................................................................42
9.4.1
Electrocardiograms (ECG).....................................................................................42
9.4.2
Eye examination ....................................................................................................43
9.4.3
Physical examinations............................................................................................43
9.4.4
Vital signs..............................................................................................................44
9.4.5
Clinical safety laboratory assessments....................................................................44
9.4.6
Assessments in case of suspicion of hypersensitivity reaction to trial product .........44
9.5
Pharmacokinetics ....................................................................................................................45
9.6
Pharmacodynamics .................................................................................................................45
9.7
Genetics..................................................................................................................................45
9.8
Biomarkers .............................................................................................................................45
10
Statistical considerations ...................................................................................................................46
10.1
Sample size determination.......................................................................................................46
10.2
Definition of analysis sets........................................................................................................47
10.3
Statistical analyses ..................................................................................................................48
10.3.1
Primary endpoint ...................................................................................................49
10.4
Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic modelling .............................................................50
11
References ..........................................................................................................................................51
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12
Appendices .........................................................................................................................................54
Abbreviations and Trademarks.......................................................................................54
Appendix 1
Clinical laboratory tests ...................................................................................................55
Appendix 2
Trial governance considerations......................................................................................57
Appendix 3
Adverse events: definitions and procedures for recording, evaluation, follow up, 
Appendix 4
and reporting .....................................................................................................................................67
Contraceptive guidance and collection of pregnancy information .................................72
Appendix 5
Technical complaints: Definition and procedures for recording, evaluation, follow 
Appendix 6
up and reporting ................................................................................................................................75
Retention of human biosamples.......................................................................................76
Appendix 7
Hypoglycaemic episodes...................................................................................................77
Appendix 8
Titration guideline............................................................................................................79
Appendix 9
Country-specific Requirements .......................................................................................82
Appendix 10
Protocol amendment history............................................................................................83
Appendix 11
Attachment I Global list of key staff and relevant departments and suppliers
Attachment II Country list of key staff and relevant departments
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1
Synopsis
Rationale:
NNC0148-0287 formulation C (referred to as insulin 287) is a novel long-acting insulin analogue
designed for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, with the aim to develop a once weekly injectable 
basal insulin treatment with the potential of becoming a more convenient choice, and to improve 
treatment adherence, and quality of life, for subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In the present trial, the effect on glycaemic control and safety of once weekly insulin 287, using 3 
different titration algorithms, with either the American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycaemic 
target 4.4-7.2 mmol/L (80-130 mg/dL) or glycaemic target 3.9-6.0 mmol/L (70-108 mg/dL) versus 
once daily insulin glargine U100, will be investigated during 16 weeks of treatment in insulin-naïve 
subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled, on metformin with or without 
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and with or without sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 
inhibitors (SGLT2i).
Objectives and endpoints
The objective of this trial is to compare the effect, safety and tolerability on glycaemic control of 
once weekly insulin 287, using 3 different titration algorithms, versus once daily insulin glargine 
U100, both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i ± SGLT2i in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 
diabetes mellitus.
The primary estimand, is defined as the mean difference in ‘time in target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L 
(70–180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16) between each of the 3 
different titration algorithms, of once weekly insulin 287 and once daily insulin glargine U100, for 
all randomised subjects, if all subjects had adhered to the randomised insulin treatment and had 
70% of the planned continuous glucose measurements recorded.
Overall design:
The total trial duration for the individual subject will be approximately 23 weeks, and consists of a 
2-week screening period, 16-week randomised treatment period, and a 5-week follow up period.
After signing informed consent and eligibility assessments has been performed, subjects will be
required to measure daily pre-breakfast self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) and have baseline
continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles collected during the screening period.
At visit 2, eligible subjects who are willing to adhere to the protocol including daily SMPG 
measurements and wearing CGM sensor, will be randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner, to receive either
once weekly insulin 287 using one of the 3 titration algorithms, or once daily insulin glargine U100. 
During the 16-week treatment period, the subjects will have weekly contact with the site. To 
evaluate the effect on glycaemic control, subjects will have assessments done; CGM profiles 
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collected, and will be asked to perform SMPG measurement during the 16 weeks treatment period. 
The CGM receiver will be blinded for patients and investigators. 
The last visit is scheduled to take place 6 weeks after the last dose of once weekly insulin 287, and 
5 weeks after the last dose of once daily insulin glargine U100, to allow for appropriate time for 
wash-out of trial drug, following at least 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
Subjects included will be;
!
Male or female, aged 18-75 years (both inclusive) at the time of signing informed consent.
!
Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus ≥ 180 days prior to the day of screening.
!
HbA1c of 7.0-10.0% (53.0-85.8 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) as assessed by central 
laboratory.
!
Stable daily dose(s) for 90 days prior to the day of screening of any of the following anti-
diabetic drug(s) or combination regime(s):
o
Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose (as 
documented in subject’s medical records)
o
Free or fixed combination therapy: Metformin as outlined above ± DPP4i ± SGLT2i 
is allowed:
•
DPP4i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose)
•
SGLT2i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose )
!
Insulin-naïve. However, short term insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the 
day of screening is allowed, as is prior insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
!
Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 40.0 kg/m2.
Number of subjects:
Approximately 285 subjects will be screened to achieve 200 subjects randomly assigned to trial 
product. The estimated number of subjects to complete the trial (on trial product) is 190.
Treatment groups and duration:
All subjects will be centrally randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner, and assigned to receive either insulin 
287, 700 U/mL or insulin glargine 100 U/mL throughout the 16-week treatment period. The trial 
products will be provided as prefilled pens containing 3 mL solution for s.c. injection once weekly 
(insulin 287) and once daily (insulin glargine U100) respectively.
The dose and dosing frequency of metformin ± DPP4i ± SGLT2i should not be changed at any time 
during the trial, unless due to safety concerns.
At the screening visit, Novo Nordisk will provide all subjects with a CGM device for continuous 
glucose monitoring and a BG meter for self-measuring of plasma glucose, during the first 18 weeks 
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in the trial. Subjects will be carefully trained in handling of the trial product and devices, and will 
be closely monitored and retrained during the trial.
When discontinuing trial products, either at the scheduled end of treatment visit (V18) or if trial 
product is discontinued prematurely, the subject should be transferred to a suitable marketed 
product at the discretion of the investigator. 
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2
Flowchart
Trial Periods
Screening
Randomisation
Treatment
End of treatment
Follow up
Discontinuation 
Follow up visit1
Visit (V)
Phone contact (P)
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5 V6 P7 V8 P9
V10
P11
V12
P13
V14
P15
V16
P17
V18
V19
FU1
V20
FU2
V18A
Time of visit (weeks)2
≤-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
21
16
Visit window (days)
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
+3
+3
±3
SUBJECT RELATED INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENTS
Informed consent
X
In/exclusion criteria
X
X
Randomisation criteria
X
Concomitantillness/medicalhistory3
X
Concomitant medication
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X4
X4
X4
Demography5
X
Diabetes history
X
Date of Diagnosis of Diabetes
X
Childbearing potential
X
Tobacco use6
X
Body measurements
Height
X
Body weight
X
X
X
X
1 If subjects discontinue trial product prematurely they will be asked to attend the end of treatment visit (V18) as soon as possible and have the follow up visits scheduled 
3 weeks (V19) and 6 weeks (V20) after the last day of dosing for insulin 287 and 2 weeks (V19) and 5 weeks (V20) after the last day of dosing for insulin glargine. 
Subjects will be asked to stay in site contact and continue wearing CGM (changed weekly) throughout the remaining weeks, finalised by a last visit (V18A) 16 weeks 
after randomisation. 
2 Time of visit is relative to randomisation (V2).
3 Diabetes complications should be reported under medical history case report form (CRF).
4 Only antidiabetic medication to be collected.
5 Demography consists of date of birth or year of birth and/or age, sex, ethnicity and race (according to local regulation).
6 Smoking is defined as smoking at least one cigarette or equivalent daily.

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Trial Periods
Screening
Randomisation
Treatment
End of treatment
Follow up
Discontinuation 
Follow up visit1
Visit (V)
Phone contact (P)
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5 V6 P7 V8 P9
V10
P11
V12
P13
V14
P15
V16
P17
V18
V19
FU1
V20
FU2
V18A
Time of visit (weeks)2
≤-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
21
16
Visit window (days)
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
+3
+3
±3
EFFICACY
Glucose metabolism
HbA1c
X
X
X 
X
X
X
X
Fasting plasma glucose
X
X
X
Self-measured plasmaglucose (SMPG)7
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
OTHER ASSESSMENTS
Continuous glucose monitoring, fitting and training8
X
X
X
X
X
X
Continuous glucose monitoring, sensor check9
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Continuous glucose monitoring, upload
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
SAFETY
Adverse events
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hypoglycaemic episodes
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Technical complaints
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ECG10
X
X
Eye Examination
  X11
   X12
Physical Examination
X
X
Vital signs
X
X
X
X
Biochemistry
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lipids
X
X
X
Haematology
X
X
X
X
7 Subjects will measure once daily pre-breakfast SMPG. 
8 CGM Sensors will be changed by subjects under close supervision by site staff at V1-V6. From P7 sensors will be changed in relation to phone contacts and site visits.  
9 At each phone contact or site visit from P7-P17, site staff should verify data connection to receiver.
10 ECG obtained within 2 weeks prior to V2 and V18 are acceptable if results are available for evaluation at the visits.
11 Eye examination obtained within 90 days prior to V2 as part of routine practise may replace the screening assessment if results are available for evaluation at V2. 
12 Eye examinations performed within 2 weeks prior to V18 are acceptable if results are available for evaluation at the visit.

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Trial Periods
Screening
Randomisation
Treatment
End of treatment
Follow up
Discontinuation 
Follow up visit1
Visit (V)
Phone contact (P)
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5 V6 P7 V8 P9
V10
P11
V12
P13
V14
P15
V16
P17
V18
V19
FU1
V20
FU2
V18A
Time of visit (weeks)2
≤-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
21
16
Visit window (days)
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
±1
+3
+3
±3
Pregnancytest13
X
X
X
TRIAL MATERIAL
Drug accountability
X
X
X
X
X
Dispensing visit
X
X
X
X
Doseoftrialinsulin14
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X15
X
REMINDERS
Handout ID card
X
Attend visit fasting
X
X
X
Hand out directionsfor use16
X
Training in trial product, pen handling
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hand out and instruct in BG meter 
X
IWRS session
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hand out and instruct in diary
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Collect, review and transcribe diaries
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
End treatment
X
End of trial
X
X
13 For females of childbearing potential a serum pregnancy test must be performed at V1 and V20. At V2 and if a menstrual period is missed, a urine pregnancy test will 
be taken. If a urine pregnancy test is positive a serum sample should be taken and sent for analysis by the central lab.
14 The first 5 doses of once weekly insulin 287 will be taken at the site by the subject under close supervision by site staff (V2 to V6). After the injections at the site, the 
subjects should stay at least one hour for observation.
15 The last dose of once weekly insulin 287 must be taken 15 weeks after randomisation, whereas the last dose of the once daily insulin glargine U100 must be taken  16 
weeks after randomisation where the subjects come in for the end of treatment visit (V18). This is due to the longer half-life of insulin 287.
16 Directions for use can be handed out as needed at subsequent visits.

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3
Introduction
3.1
Trial rationale
NNC0148-0287 formulation C (referred to as insulin 287) is a novel long-acting insulin analogue,
which is designed for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, with the aim to develop a once weekly 
injectable basal insulin treatment. Currently the basal insulin products with the longest duration are 
administered once daily.
Research has shown that people with diabetes would prefer fewer injections and increased 
flexibility, than provided by the current once daily treatment regimen.3 Development of sustained 
release formulations or compounds with prolonged action, has in several treatment areas been 
demonstrated to improve subject compliance and treatment outcomes. Hence, insulin 287 would be 
a convenient basal insulin, which could improve treatment adherence and quality of life for 
subjects, with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In the present trial, the effect on glycaemic control and safety of once weekly insulin 287 using 
3 different titration algorithms versus once daily insulin glargine U100, will be investigated during 
16 weeks of treatment in insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM insufficiently controlled on metformin, 
with or without dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and with or without sodium-glucose 
cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). The titration algorithms will use different dose adjustments 
and either the American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycaemic target 4.4-7.2 mmol/L (80-130 
mg/dL) or glycaemic target 3.9-6.0 mmol/L (70-108 mg/dL). The subject’s glycaemic control will 
be continuously monitored using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system throughout the trial 
to collect data on subject’s glycaemic profiles. The trial results will be used to evaluate the safety 
and efficacy of insulin 287, and furthermore to define the optimal titration algorithm of insulin 287, 
to be used for the further development of insulin 287.
3.2
Background
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterised by the presence of hyperglycaemia due to 
defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes mellitus 
is associated with significant long term sequelae, particularly damage, dysfunction and failure of 
various organs, especially the kidney, eye, nerves, heart and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder, which involves various degrees of 
decreased beta-cell function, peripheral insulin resistance and abnormal hepatic glucose 
metabolism. Glucose control in T2DM may deteriorate progressively over time. ADA recommend a 
pre-meal glucose target of 4.4–7.2 mmol/L (80–130 mg/dL) to achieve glycaemic control.4 On 
average, after failure of diet and exercise alone, subjects require a new intervention with glucose-
lowering agents every 3-4 years, in order to obtain/retain good glycaemic control.5 Despite 
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combination therapy and/or insulin treatment, a sizeable proportion of patients remain poorly 
controlled.5
Improvement in long-term glucose control, as obtained with intensified insulin therapy, was shown 
in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)6 to reduce the incidence of microvascular 
complications and delay the progression of existing complications in people with T2DM. For 
patients with T2DM, who are not achieving glycaemic goals with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), 
drug intensification, including insulin therapy, should not be delayed.7
Insulin 287
Insulin 287 is a novel long-acting basal insulin analogue, with a terminal elimination half-life of 
approximately 196 hours (trial NN1436-4314). The molecule consists of a peptide backbone and a 
side-chain (coupled by acylation). The peptide backbone is more resistant towards proteolytic 
degradation compared to human insulin and the side chain gives a strong binding to albumin. 
Insulin 287 has been formulated as a 4200 nmol/mL solution, equivalent to 700 units/mL, 
anticipating that the insulin 287 molecule is equipotent to once daily basal insulins. A first human 
dose trial, with single doses in healthy subjects and in subjects with type 1 diabetes and two 
multiple-dose trials in subjects with type 2 diabetes, have been completed. The pharmacokinetics 
(PK) properties of s.c. insulin 287 following 5 weeks of once weekly dosing in subjects with T2DM
were investigated in trial NN1436-4314. This trial showed that insulin 287 exposure was well 
distributed across the dosing interval, with a PK profile suitable for once weekly dosing (the 
geometric mean terminal t½ of insulin 287 was approximately 196 hours), and a peak around 
16 hours followed by a slow decline. 
For the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of s.c. insulin 287, evaluated by glucose clamp, the 
glucose infusion rate response was evenly distributed across the dosing interval. In addition, insulin
287 was well tolerated in subjects with T2DM. No safety concerns were identified after multiple 
once weekly dosing in the dose range of 12−24 nmol/kg (2-4U/kg). No serious or severe adverse 
events (AEs) were reported. No hypersensitivity reactions were reported.  
For further information on previous trials, please refer to the Investigators Brochure.8
Insulin glargine U100
Insulin glargine U100, is a once daily long-acting insulin analogue, indicated for treatment of 
diabetes mellitus in combination with oral antidiabetic agents and as part of a basal-bolus insulin 
regimen. Insulin glargine U100 is widely used as basal insulin world-wide and has therefore been 
selected as comparator in the current trial. For further details, please refer to the EMA Summary of 
Product Characteristics for insulin glargine U100 (Lantus®),9 U.S. Label Information10 and 
manufactures label.
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Metformin
Together with life style interventions, metformin is considered a first-line antidiabetic therapy in 
subjects with T2DM.7 Metformin is a product from the biguanide compound group. Metformin 
lowers plasma glucose levels without increasing the circulating insulin concentrations through 
lowering of the hepatic glucose output and increased insulin sensitivity. For further details, please 
refer to the EMA Summary of Products Characteristics for metformin11 or locally approved Product 
Information.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i)
DPP4i can be used as second line OADs in combination with metformin12. DPP4i prevent the 
hydrolysis of incretin hormones, thereby increasing plasma concentrations of the active forms of 
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Incretin 
hormones are released by the intestine throughout the day, and levels are increased in response to a 
meal. The incretins are part of an endogenous system involved in the physiologic regulation of 
glucose homeostasis. By enhancing active incretin levels, DPP4i increase insulin release and 
decrease glucagon levels in a glucose-dependent manner. For further details, please refer to the 
EMA Summary of Products Characteristics for the relevant DPP4i or locally approved Product 
Information.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) 
SGLT2i can be used as second line OADs in combination with metformin. SGLT2i provide insulin-
independent glucose lowering by blocking glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule by 
inhibiting SGLT212. For further details, please refer to the EMA Summary of Products 
Characteristics for the relevant SGLT2i or locally approved Product Information.
3.3
Benefit-risk assessment
3.3.1
Benefits
Insulin 287 is currently in development for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Insulin 287 has in first 
human dose (FHD) and multiple dose (MD) trials been shown to have a long and stable PK and PD 
profile, supporting a once weekly treatment. Currently available long-acting basal insulin products 
need to be administered once daily to provide 24-hour coverage. Research has shown that people 
with T2DM, put value in reducing the number of insulin injections.13 Therefore, the compliance and 
quality of life are expected to increase by introducing a once weekly basal insulin treatment.
The trial population will consist of insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM insufficiently controlled on 
metformin ±DPP4i ± SGLT2i. For all subjects participating in this 16 week trial, the anticipated 
benefits include improved glycaemic control. Titration algorithms A, B, C and D, specifying 
recommended adjustments of basal insulin dose at different plasma glucose levels, are used in order 
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to ensure that subjects receive an optimal treatment. Subjects will receive intense medical care by 
means of weekly contacts with the clinical sites.
3.3.2
Risks
Identified risks for insulin 287 describe undesirable clinical outcomes, for which there is sufficient 
evidence that they are caused by insulin 287. Potential risks in this section describe undesirable 
clinical outcomes, for which there is scientific evidence to suspect the possibility of a causal 
relationship with insulin 287, but where there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that this 
association is causal.14
Identified risks
!
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia is a common undesirable effect related to the pharmacological mechanism of 
insulin. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia in this trial, daily pre-breakfast plasma glucose 
measurements will be made throughout drug exposure, and will prevent worsening of 
hypoglycaemia by early detection and administration of carbohydrates and medical treatment, if 
necessary.
Potential risks
!
Injection site reactions
Injection site reactions may occur with all injectable drugs.  No injection site reactions were 
reported in trial NN1436-4314 with insulin 287. However, in this trial investigators and subjects 
will be asked to pay careful attention to injection site reactions at the place of injection; 
investigators should ensure careful monitoring and medical evaluation in case of injection site 
reaction occurrence. For further information on injection site reactions, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Hypersensitivity reactions
Severe systemic hypersensitivity reactions may potentially occur following injection of therapeutic 
proteins. No hypersensitivity reactions were reported in trial NN1436-4314 with insulin 287. 
During the treatment period in this trial, subjects will have weekly contacts with the site, either at 
visits to the site or phone contacts. Subjects and investigators will be instructed for signs and 
symptoms of allergic reactions and be instructed to contact the site immediately in case of signs of 
hypersensitivity. For further information on hypersensitivity reactions, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Antibody formation leading to change in clinical effect
An increase in anti-insulin 287 specific antibodies and anti-human insulin antibodies were 
observed, for some subjects in trial NN1436-4314 trial with insulin 287. No hypersensitivity 
reactions were observed in this trial. Moreover, in trial NN1436-4314 higher antibody levels 
seemed to be associated with a longer terminal half-life and reduced clearance for insulin 287. In 
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case of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction, blood sampling for assessment of antibodies against 
insulin 287 will be conducted. For more information, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Increase in hepatic enzymes
Transient increases in hepatic enzymes, upon initiation of s.c. insulin are considered as potential 
risks due to the pharmacological mechanism of insulin. An increase in hepatic enzyme was 
observed in nonclinical studies in rats and dogs. No clinically significant changes in hepatic 
biomarkers have been observed in humans, following the administration of insulin 287. In this trial, 
measurements of hepatic biomarkers will be performed at frequent intervals.
More detailed information about the known and expected benefits and risks and reasonably 
expected adverse events of insulin 287, may be found in the investigator’s brochure and any updates 
hereof.8
3.3.3
Conclusion on the benefit risk profile
Based on the nonclinical and clinical development programme, it has been concluded that insulin 
287, is similar to human insulin with respect to pharmacological action and nonclinical safety. 
Insulin 287 was generally well tolerated within the evaluated dose ranges in the first-in-human, 
single dose escalation trial, conducted in healthy subjects, in subjects with type 1 diabetes and in the 
multiple dose trial in subjects with T2DM. No safety concerns have been observed with insulin 287; 
neither elevation in hepatic enzymes nor clinical consequences following antibody formation have 
been reported. With insulin 287, no hypersensitivity reactions and injection site reactions were 
observed. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia in this trial, daily plasma glucose measurements 
will be made throughout drug exposure. Therefore, it can be concluded that the risk to the subjects 
in this trial is considered low. The risk is acceptable in view of the benefits, a basal insulin with a 
longer action profile than currently available would provide, to subjects with diabetes. The overall 
benefit-risk profile of insulin 287 is anticipated to be favourable.8
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4
Objectives and endpoints
4.1
Primary, secondary and exploratory objectives
4.1.1
Primary objective
To compare the effect on glycaemic control of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 different titration 
algorithms, versus once daily insulin glargine U100, both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i 
± SGLT2i in insulin-naïve T2DM subjects.
4.1.2
Secondary objective
To compare the safety and tolerability of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 different titration 
algorithms versus once daily insulin glargine U100 both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i ±
SGLT2i in insulin-naïve T2DM subjects.
Primary estimand
The primary estimand is defined as the mean difference in ‘time in target range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L 
(70–180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16) between each of the 3 
different titration algorithms of once weekly insulin 287, and once daily insulin glargine U100 for 
all randomised subjects, if all subjects had adhered to the randomised insulin treatment and had 
70% of the planned CGM measurements recorded.
The following intercurrent events for the primary estimand will be handled by the hypothetical 
strategy: initiation of insulin treatment other than the randomised treatment, discontinuation of 
randomised insulin treatment, withdrawal from the trial, and recording of less than 70% of planned 
CGM measurements in the last two weeks of treatment. Other intercurrent events will be handled by 
the treatment policy strategy. This estimand aims to reflect the estimated treatment effect for 
subjects that had adhered to the planned insulin treatment during the planned treatment period.
4.2
Primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints
4.2.1
Primary endpoint
Endpoint title*
Time frame
Unit
Time in target range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70-
180 mg/dL) measured using CGM
During the last 2 weeks of treatment 
(week 15 and 16)
Percent
*The primary endpoint is based on data recorded by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, Dexcom G6®.
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4.2.2
Secondary endpoints
4.2.2.1
Confirmatory secondary endpoints
Not applicable for this trial.
4.2.2.2
Supportive secondary endpoints
Supportive secondary efficacy endpoints
Endpoint title 
Time frame
Unit
Change in HbA1c
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
%-point
Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
mmol/l 
Change in body weight
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Kg 
Weekly insulin dose**
During the last 2 weeks of treatment 
(week 15 and 16)
U
**Investigators will record administered insulin dose for both insulin glargine U100 and insulin 287 subjects. For 
insulin glargine U100, investigators will enter the daily administered doses in the CRF and for those on the insulin 287 
treatment, enter the weekly administered doses.
Supportive secondary safety endpoints
Endpoint title 
Time frame
Unit
Number of treatment emergent adverse 
events (TEAEs) 
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 21 
(V20)
Count of 
events
Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes 
(level 3)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Count of 
events
Number of clinically significant 
hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) (<3.0 
mmol/L (54 mg/dL), confirmed by BG meter) 
or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Count of 
events
Number of hypoglycaemic alert episodes 
(level 1) (≥3.0 and <3.9 mmol/L (≥54 and 
<70 mg/dL), confirmed by BG meter)
From baseline week 0 (V2) to week 16 
(V18)
Count of 
events
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5
Trial design
5.1
Overall design
This is a 16-week, randomised, open label, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, 
multinational trial with 4 arms investigating the effect on glycaemic control and safety of treatment 
with insulin 287 once weekly, using 3 different titration algorithms (A, B and C) versus insulin 
glargine U100 (algorithm D) once daily, in insulin-naïve subjects, with T2DM inadequately 
controlled on metformin with or without DPP4i and with or without SGLT2i. The overall trial 
design and visit schedule are outlined in the trial diagram Figure 1 and trial flowchart (section 2) 
respectively.
Figure 1 Trial Diagram
Subjects will be randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner to receive once weekly insulin 287 using one of 
the 3 titration algorithms A, B or C, or once daily insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D). See titration 
guideline Appendix 9 for further information. Subjects will be stratified based on whether or not 
they are treated with SGLT2i.
The total trial duration for the individual subject will be approximately 23 weeks and consists of a 
2-week screening period, 16-week randomised treatment period, and a 5-week follow up period.
The trial includes a screening visit (V1) to assess subject’s eligibility. From screening visit (after 
signed informed consent) until randomisation, all subjects will be required to measure daily pre-
breakfast SMPG and have 10 days baseline continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles
collected. 
After screening, all eligible subjects will be randomised (1:1:1:1) at V2. During the 16-week 
treatment period, the subjects will have weekly contact with the site either at site visits (9 visits) or
by phone (6 phone contacts). To evaluate the effect on glycaemic control, subjects will have CGM 
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profiles collected, during the 16 weeks treatment period. The CGM receiver will be blinded for 
patients and investigators. 
After 16 weeks of treatment, the subjects will come in for their end of treatment visit (V18). The 
end of treatment visit will be one week after the last dose of once weekly insulin 287 and on the day 
of or the day after the last dose of insulin glargine U100. 
The end of treatment visit will be followed by 2 follow up visits (V19 and V20). The last follow up 
visit (V20) is scheduled to take place 6 weeks after the last dose of once weekly insulin 287, and 
5 weeks after the last dose of once daily insulin glargine U100. This allows for appropriate time for 
wash-out of trial drug, following at least 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
The dose and dosing frequency of metformin ± DPP4i ± SGLT2i should not be changed at any time 
during the trial, unless due to safety concerns.
Event adjudication will be performed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death and 
hypersensitivity reactions (see section 9.2.1.1 and Appendix 4).
5.2
Subject and trial completion
Approximately 285 subjects will be screened to achieve 200 subjects randomly assigned to trial 
product. Theestimated number of subjects to complete the trial (on trial product) is 190.
Trial period completion for a subject:
Trial period completion is defined as when the randomised subject hascompleted the final 
scheduled visit V20 ('end of trial' according to the flowchart, section 2).
'Date of trial completion' is the date the subject completed the final scheduled visit (V20). 
Treatment period completion for a subject: 
Treatment period completion is defined as when the randomised subject has received the 16 weeks 
of insulin treatment, and attended the 'end of treatment' visit (V18) according to the flowchart (see 
section 2).
Treatment emergent period for a subject: 
The treatment emergent period,represents the period where subjects are considered exposed to trial 
product. It starts at the first date of exposure to the randomised treatment and ends at the last follow 
up visit (FU2, V20), thus includes a time period after last dose of randomised treatment 
corresponding to approximately 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
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For subjects who discontinue treatment, but do not attend the last follow up visit (V20): Last dosing 
day of randomised treatment + 5 weeks for insulin glargine U100, and last dosing day of 
randomised treatment + 6 weeks for insulin 287.
5.3
End of trial definition
The end of the trial is defined as, the date of the last visit of the last subject in the trial. 
5.4
Scientific rationale for trial design
The trial is designed to investigate the effect on glycaemic control and safety, of once weekly
insulin 287 using three different titration algorithms, with either ADA glycaemic target 
4.4-7.2 mmol/L (80-130 mg/dL) (algorithm A and B) or glycaemic target 3.9-6.0 mmol/L 
(70-108 mg/dL) (algorithm C) versus once daily insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D) during 
16 weeks of treatment. Currently, basal insulins with the longest duration are dosed once daily. In 
order to compare to well-established and widely used basal insulin, with once daily dosing, insulin 
glargine U100 has been chosen as comparator. The treatment arms will be open label, as it was not 
considered feasible to blind, the use of 3 different titration algorithms for insulin 287. Also the high 
number of injections required to make a double-blind, double dummy trial would be an increased 
burden to the subjects.
The treatment duration of 16 weeks, has been chosen as an adequate time to assess effect on 
glycaemic control, as well as safety and tolerability. This duration will also allow for up-titrating 
the basal insulin. The treat-to-target approach has been chosen in order to ensure optimal titration of 
insulin, based on self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) values with the aim of improving HbA1c in 
the period.
Subjects included in the trial will be insulin-naïve, ensuring trial population representative for the 
relevant patient group (see section 6 regarding the subject population). All will use first line 
treatment metformin. Use of DPP4i and/or SGLT2i in addition to metformin is allowed, but not a 
requirement. To include a more homogenous study population, other oral antidiabetic drugs are not 
allowed.
Titration of insulin 287, and insulin glargine U100, are based on three pre-breakfast SMPG values 
measured on two days prior to titration, and on the day of the contact.
CGM values will be used to generate profiles, for evaluating the effect of insulin 287 on glycaemic 
control.
To safeguard subjects, the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in this trial will limit the trial 
population to subjects, not suffering from underlying diseases other than T2DM and related 
diseases, such as hypertension or dyslipidaemia. This is to avoid compromising the safety of the 
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subjects participating in the trial and to strengthen conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of 
once weekly insulin 287.
During the treatment period, the subjects will have weekly contacts with the site either as site visits 
or phone contacts and the first 5 administrations of once weekly insulin 287 will be done at the site. 
After the injections at the site, the subjects should stay at least one hour for observation. The last 
follow-up visit, is planned to be 6 weeks after last dose of insulin 287, allowing appropriate time for 
wash-out of trial drug, following at least 5 half-lives of insulin 287.
Ethical considerations 
All subjects must only be included after a thorough evaluation, with regards to defined in- and 
exclusion criteria, in order to ensure that subjects are eligible for trial treatment. Subjects will be
treated with a treat-to-target insulin regimen, anticipated to improve glycaemic control compared to 
their pre-trial treatment. To participate in the trial, subjects will have to spend some extra time, as 
additional assessments and visits to the clinic are required. Three of the visits will also require that 
the subject is fasting for blood sampling. In case of lack of efficacy of trial product, the subject will 
be prematurely discontinued, see section 8.1 regarding discontinuation of trial treatment.
The trial products may be associated with adverse reactions, of which hypoglycaemia is the most 
common. For further information, please refer to the Investigator’s Brochure for insulin 2878 and 
local label for insulin glargine U100. Relevant precautions have been implemented in the design 
and planned conduct of the trial, in order to minimise the risks and inconveniences of participation.
These precautions include thorough information regarding the correct administration of the trial 
products and handling of the CGM device. The first 5 doses (V2-V6), along with handling and 
fitting of the CGM will be done by the subject at the site under close supervision of site staff to 
ensure appropriate training and correct handling. The insulin dose will be adjusted gradually and 
closely supervised. Furthermore, subjects will be informed about possible adverse reactions and 
inconveniences, and will be instructed to contact the investigator in case of any concerns regarding 
the trial participation.
5.5
Justification for dose
Insulin glargine U100 will be initiated at 10U once daily and insulin 287 will be initiated at 70U 
once weekly. One unit (U) of insulin 287 has similar glucose lowering effect as one U of a standard 
insulin analogue, such as insulin glargine U100, and therefore once weekly dosing corresponds to 
7 times the daily dose, of the once daily comparator. Insulin glargine U100 starting dose is based on 
the directions for use.9, 10
The starting dose is considered to be safe for insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM. The PK/PD 
properties of insulin 287 following 5 weeks, of once weekly dosing in subjects with T2DM in the 
clinical trial NN1436-4314 showed that insulin 287 exposure was well distributed across the dosing 
interval, with a PK profile suitable for once weekly dosing. Insulin 287 was well tolerated in 
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subjects with T2DM and no safety concerns were identified after multiple once weekly dosing, in 
the dose range of 12−24 nmol/kg (2-4U/kg).
After randomisation at V2, subjects will start insulin 287 and insulin glargine U100 injections on 
the same day. This treatment will continue until 15 weeks after randomisation. At this time point the 
last weekly injection of insulin 287, must be taken while the daily insulin glargine U100 injections 
are taken until 16 weeks after randomisation, where the subjects come in for the end of treatment 
visit (V18). This is due to the longer half-life of insulin 287. 
Further details on dose adjustment can be found in Appendix 9, titration guideline.
6
Trial population
Prospective approval of protocol deviations to recruitment and enrolment criteria, also known as 
protocol waivers or exemptions, is not permitted. 
6.1
Inclusion criteria
Subjects are eligible to be included in the trial only if all of the following criteria apply:
1. Informed consent obtained before any trial-related activities. Trial-related activities are any 
procedures that are carried out as part of the trial, including activities to determine suitability for 
the trial.
2. Male or female, aged 18-75 years (both inclusive) at the time of signing informed consent.
3. Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus ≥ 180 days prior to the day of screening.
4. HbA1c of 7.0-10.0% (53.0-85.8 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) as assessed by central laboratory.
5. Stable daily dose(s) for 90 days prior to the day of screening of any of the following anti-
diabetic drug(s) or combination regime(s):
a.
Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose (as 
documented in subject’s medical records).
b. Free or fixed combination therapy: Metformin as outlined above ± DPP4i ± SGLT2i
is allowed:
i. DPP4i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose)
ii. SGLT2i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose)
6. Insulin-naïve. However, short term insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the day 
of screening is allowed, as is prior insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
7. Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 40.0 kg/m2.
6.2
Exclusion criteria 
Subjects are excluded from the trial if any of the following criteria apply:
1. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to trial product(s) or related products. 
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2. Previous participation in this trial. Participation is defined as signed informed consent. 
3. Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of child-bearing 
potential and not using an adequate contraceptive method.
4. Participation in any clinical trial, of an approved or non-approved investigational medicinal 
product within 90 days before screening.
5. Any disorder, except for conditions associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which in the 
investigator’s opinion might jeopardise subject’s safety or compliance with the protocol.
6. Any episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis within the past 90 days, prior to the day of screening and 
between screening and randomisation.
7. Myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris or transient ischaemic 
attack within 180 days prior to the day of screening and between screening and randomisation.
8. Presently classified as being in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV.
9. Planned coronary, carotid or peripheral artery revascularisation between screening and 
randomisation.
10. Renal impairment measured as estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) value of eGFR
<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 as defined by KDIGO 2012.15
11. Impaired liver function, defined as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 2.5 times or Bilirubin 
>1.5 times upper normal limit at screening.
12. Inadequately treated blood pressure, defined as Grade 3 hypertension or higher (Systolic 
≥180 mmHg or diastolic ≥110 mmHg) at screening.
13. Treatment with any medication for the indication of diabetes, or obesity other than stated in the 
inclusion criteria within the past 90 days, prior to the day of screening. However, short term 
insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the day of screening is allowed, as is prior 
insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
14. Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus 
examination performed within the past 90 days prior to screening or in the period between 
screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unless using a 
digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination.
15. Presence or history of malignant neoplasms within 5 years prior to the day of screening. Basal 
and squamous cell skin cancer and any carcinoma in-situ are allowed.
6.3
Lifestyle restrictions
Not applicable for this trial.
6.4
Fasting requirements
The subjects should be fasting when attending some of the visits, see flowchart, section 2. 
Fasting is defined as at least 8 hours without food and drink intake, except for water and other 
prescribed medication. Trial product and other glucose lowering agents should be withheld on the 
day of the fasting visit until blood sampling and body weight have been performed. Any other 
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prescribed medication should be taken as usual. If the subject attends a fasting visit in a non-fasting 
state the blood sampling and body weight procedures should be re-scheduled to the next day.
6.5
Screen failures
Screen failures are defined as, subjects who consent to participate in the clinical trial but are not 
eligible for participation according to in/exclusion criteria. A minimal set of screen failure 
information is required to ensure transparent reporting of screen failure subjects to meet 
requirements from regulatory authorities. Minimal information includes demography, screen failure 
details, eligibility criteria, and any serious adverse event (SAE). A screen failure session must be 
made in the interactive web response system (IWRS). 
Individuals, who do not meet the criteria for participation in this trial, may not be rescreened. Re-
sampling is not allowed, if the subject has failed one of the inclusion criteria or fulfilled one of the 
exclusion criteria, related to laboratory parameters. However, in case of technical issues (e.g. 
haemolysed or lost), re-sampling is allowed for the affected parameters. 
6.6
Randomisation criteria
To be randomised, the randomisation criteria must be answered "yes".
!
Subject able and willing to adhere to the protocol including daily SMPG measurements and 
wearing CGM sensor based on the Investigator’s judgment.
7
Treatments
7.1
Treatments administered
!
All investigational medicinal products (IMPs) are listed in Table 1.
!
Trial product must only be used, if it appears clear and colourless. 
!
The investigator must document that directions for use are given to the subject orally and in 
writing at the first dispensing visit (V2, as specified in the flowchart, section 2 ).  
Table 1
Trial products provided by Novo Nordisk A/S
Trial product name and 
strength:
NNC0148-0287 C, 
4200 nmol/mL (insulin 287)
(IMP, test product)
Insulin glargine 100 U/mL 
(IMP, reference therapy)
Dosage form & Route of 
administration:
Solution for s.c. injection.
Insulin 287 should be injected s.c. 
once weekly at the same day of the 
week, anytime during the day, 
preferably at the same time of the 
day throughout the trial. 
Solution for s.c. injection.
Insulin glargine U100 should be 
injected s.c. once daily at any
time of the day, but at the same 
time every day throughout the 
trial.
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Trial product name and 
strength:
NNC0148-0287 C, 
4200 nmol/mL (insulin 287)
(IMP, test product)
Insulin glargine 100 U/mL 
(IMP, reference therapy)
For further instructions on dosing, 
see the titrations guideline 
Appendix 9.
For further instructions on 
dosing, see the titrations 
guideline Appendix 9.
Site of injection:
Thigh
Thigh
Recommended initial dose:
70 U
10 U
Packaging:
3 ml pre-filled PDS290 pen-
injector with 7U increments.
3 mL SoloSTAR® pre-filled 
pen-injector with 1U 
increments.
7.1.1
Background medication
After randomisation, subjects should continue their pre-trial oral anti-diabetic background 
medication, with metformin ± DPP4i ± SGLT2i throughout the trial. The background medication 
should be maintained at the stable, pre-trial dose and at the same frequency, during the entire 
treatment period, unless due to safety concerns related to the background medication, any change 
should be recorded in the CRF. 
In addition, the background medication:
!
is considered to be non-investigational medicinal product
!
will not be provided by Novo Nordisk A/S unless required by local law and should be 
purchased or otherwise delivered to subjects in accordance with local health plans
!
should be used in accordance with standard of care or local label in the individual country.
7.1.2
Medical devices and auxiliaries
PDS290 Pen-injector
!
Insulin 287 will be provided in a PDS290 prefilled pen with 7U increments, each pen-
injector contains 3 ml insulin 287 corresponding to 2100 units, solution for injection.
!
The subjects must be trained according to the directions for use in how to handle the 
PDS290 pen-injector, when handed out the first time. 
!
Training must be repeated during the trial, at regular intervals, in order to ensure correct use 
of the PDS290 pen-injector.
!
Always use a new needle for each injection as this will prevent contamination and ensure 
correct dose.
!
Only needles provided and/or approved by Novo Nordisk must be used for administration of 
trial product. 
!
Remember to prime the pen-injector to ensure product flow. 
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The PDS290 pen-injector, containing insulin 287 to be used in this trial has not been approved for 
marketing. The PDS290 pen-injector has been documented to be in compliance with the relevant 
essential requirements of Annex I, of the Council directive 93/42/EEC16, and compliance for the 
indication for use in adults with T2DM, has been verified by the notified body, 
In this trial, 
the PDS290 pen-injector will be used in accordance with the verified intended use and indication 
for use.
The PDS290 pen-injector is not under investigation in that there is no intent to use the results from 
this trial, to support a new marketing application or extension of an existing marketing approval.
SoloSTAR® Pen 
!
Insulin glargine U100 will be provided as the marketed SoloSTAR® pen, containing 3 ml 
insulin glargine corresponding to 300U solution for injection. The pens will not be modified 
but labelled for clinical trial use.
!
The subjects must be trained according to the directions for use in how to handle the 
SoloSTAR® pen when handed out the first time. 
!
Training must be repeated during the trial, at regular intervals, in order to ensure correct use 
of the SoloSTAR® pen.
!
Always use a new needle for each injection as this will prevent contamination and ensure 
correct dose.
!
Only needles provided and/or approved by Novo Nordisk must be used for administration of 
trial product.
!
Remember to prime the pen-injector to ensure product flow. 
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
For monitoring of continuous glucose during the first 18 weeks in the trial, Novo Nordisk will 
provide all subjects with a CGM device (sensor, transmitter, receiver and guide).
A PC with internet connection must be available at site (same PC as used for the CRF system can 
be utilised). For further instruction and requirements, please see the user manual and guides
provided.
Novo Nordisk will ensure that trial site staff receives appropriate training, with regards to the use of 
the CGM devices. Furthermore site staff should familiarise themselves with the CGM user manual 
and guides before using the CGM devices. Subjects must be instructed in handling of the CGM and 
sensor change according to Section 9.1.3 as indicated in the flowchart, section 2.
The CGM receiver should be collected at site at end of treatment visit (V18) and returned to Novo 
Nordisk after the trial.
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Blood glucose (BG) meters
For self-measuring of blood glucose during the trial, Novo Nordisk will provide subjects with a BG 
meter at the randomisation visit (V1) including auxiliaries and instructions for use.
The subjects must be instructed in how to use the BG meter, as indicated in the flowchart. The BG 
meters use test strips calibrated to plasma values. Therefore, all measurements performed with 
capillary blood are automatically calibrated to plasma equivalent glucose values, which will be 
shown on the display.
7.2
Dose modification
Doses are adjusted according to plasma glucose values as described in details in Titration guideline 
Appendix 9.
7.3
Method of treatment assignment
All subjects will be centrally randomised using an IWRS and assigned to the next available 
treatment, according to randomisation schedule. Trial product will be dispensed at the trial visits,
summarised in the flowchart section 2.
7.4
Blinding
This is an open-label trial 
7.5
Preparation/Handling/Storage/Accountability
Only subjects randomised in the trial may receive trial product and only authorised site staff may 
supply or administer trial product.
!
The investigator must document, that directions for use are given to the subject verbally and 
in writing, at the first dispensing visit (V2). Directions for use can be handed out as needed 
at subsequent visits.
!
Conditions for storage are specified on the label and in the trial materials manual.
!
Each trial site will be supplied with sufficient trial products for the trial on an on-going 
basis, controlled by the IWRS. Trial product will be distributed to the trial sites, according to
screening and randomisation.
!
The investigator is responsible for the confirmation of that appropriate temperature 
conditions have been maintained during transit, for all trial products received and any 
discrepancies are reported and resolved, before use of the trial products.
!
All trial products must be stored in a secure, access controlled, and temperature monitored 
(manual or automated) area in accordance with the labelled storage conditions, with access 
limited to the investigator and authorised site staff.
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!
The investigator must inform Novo Nordisk immediately if any trial product has been stored 
outside specified conditions. Additional details regarding handling of temperature deviations 
can be found in the trial materials manual. 
!
Trial product that has been stored improperly must not be dispensed to any subject, before it 
has been evaluated and approved for further use by Novo Nordisk.
!
The investigator is responsible for drug accountability and record maintenance (i.e. receipt, 
accountability and final disposition records).
!
The subject should return all used, partly used and unused trial product including empty 
packaging materials, during the trial as instructed by the investigator.
!
Drug accountability should be performed on pen level and must be documented in the 
IWRS.
!
Destruction of trial products can be performed on an ongoing basis according to local 
procedures, after accountability is finalised by the site and reconciled by the monitor. 
!
Destruction of trial products must be documented in the IWRS. 
!
All returned, expired or damaged trial products (for technical complaint samples see 
Appendix 6) must be stored separately from non-allocated trial products. No temperature 
monitoring is required.
!
Non-allocated trial products including expired or damaged products must be accounted as 
unused, at the latest at closure of the trial site. 
7.6
Treatment compliance
Throughout the trial, the investigator will remind the subjects to follow the trial procedures and 
requirements, to ensure subject compliance. The investigator should retrain subjects when needed 
and assess the compliance at each contact (visit or phone contact) by evaluating the glycaemic 
control, wearing of the CGM, adherence to the visit schedule and completion of the subject´s diary; 
including SMPG values, dose and hypoglycaemia reporting. If a subject is found to be non-
compliant, the investigator will remind the subject of the importance of following the instructions,
including taking the trial products as prescribed.
7.7
Concomitant medication
Any medication other than the trial products that the subject is receiving at the time of the first visit 
(V1) or receives during the trial (incl. follow up visits) must be recorded along with:
!
Trade name or generic name
!
Indication
!
Dates of administration including start and stop dates or continuation 
7.7.1
Concomitant medication (diabetes)
For metformin and DPP4i (if used) and SGLT2i (if used), the following additional information must 
be recorded:
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!
Start date of current dose and total daily dose. The dose should not be changed at any time 
during the trial, unless due to safety concerns
!
For new anti-diabetic medication prescribed in the follow up period, start date of current 
dose and total daily dose must also be recorded
Until end of treatment (V18) only randomised treatment (trial products and metformin with or 
without DPP4i and with or without SGLT2i) are allowed. If the investigator chooses to initiate other 
anti-diabetic medication, or change dose of metformin or DPP4i or SGLT2i prior to end of 
treatment (V18), this should be registered in the CRF as change in concomitant medication 
(diabetes). 
Changes in concomitant medication must be recorded at each visit. If a change is due to an adverse 
event (AE) or serious adverse event (SAE), then this must be reported according to Section 9.2. 
7.8
Treatment after the end of the trial
When discontinuing trial products, either at the scheduled end of treatment visit (V18) or if trial 
product is discontinued prematurely, the subject should be transferred to a suitable marketed 
product, at the discretion of the investigator. If the switch to post-trial treatment includes a new 
insulin treatment, please refer to the titration guideline Appendix 9 for more information.
8
Discontinuation/Withdrawal criteria 
All efforts should be made to keep subjects on trial products.
The subject may be discontinued at any time during the trial, at the discretion of the investigator for 
safety, behavioural, compliance or administrative reasons. 
Efforts must be made to have the subjects, who discontinue trial product prematurely, attend the end 
of treatment visit (V18) and have the follow up visits V19 and V20 performed. Subjects should be 
asked to continue wearing CGM (changed weekly) throughout the remaining weeks, finalised by a 
last visit (V18A) 16 weeks after randomisation. To support the subjects with this, sites should stay 
in contact e.g. by phone calls or site visits to collect the required data for the analysis of the primary 
endpoint.
Only subjects who withdraw consent will be considered as withdrawn from the trial. Subjects must 
be educated about the continued scientific importance of their data, even if they discontinue trial 
product.
8.1
Discontinuation of trial treatment
The subject must be discontinued from trial product, if the following applies:
1. Safety concern related to trial product or unacceptable intolerability 
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2. Pregnancy
3. Intention of becoming pregnant
4. Simultaneous participation in another clinical trial of an approved or non-approved 
investigational medicinal product.
5. Lack of efficacy, defined as fulfilment of all 4 criteria below:
a.
No reduction in HbA1c measured by central laboratory from randomisation (V2) to 
visit 6, visit 10, or to visit 14 AND
b. The pre-breakfast SMPG readings on 3 consecutive days higher than 240 mg/dL 
(13.3 mmol/L) within the last two weeks period despite appropriate dose adjustments 
AND 
c.
A confirmatory fasting plasma glucose (FPG) exceeding 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) 
measured by central laboratory. The subject should come in for an unscheduled visit 
as soon as possible (within one week). The next scheduled visit should not be 
awaited AND 
d. No treatable intercurrent cause (e.g. non-compliance) for the hyperglycaemia at the 
investigator’s judgment
If a subject is discontinued, the investigator must ask the subject if he/she is willing, as soon as 
possible, to have assessment performed according to end of treatment visit (V18) and to come in for 
the follow up visits V19 and V20. Subjects should be asked to continue wearing CGM (changed 
weekly) throughout the remaining weeks finalised by a last visit (V18A) 16 weeks after 
randomisation. To support the subjects with this, sites should stay in contact e.g. by phone calls or 
site visits.
See the flowchart, section 2, for data to be collected at the time of treatment discontinuation and 
follow up visits V19, V20 and V18A.
The primary reason for discontinuation of trial product must be specified in the CRF, and final drug 
accountability must be performed. A treatment discontinuation session must be made in the IWRS.
A subject, who does not fulfil the eligibility (inclusion/exclusion/randomisation) criteria, must not 
be randomised. Randomisation in violation of any of the eligibility criteria is Good Clinical Practice 
(GCP) non-compliance, and must be reported to the sponsor without delay. This will be handled as 
an important protocol deviation, and the independent ethics committee/institutional review board 
(IEC/IRB) and regulatory authorities must be notified according to local requirements. If there is no 
safety concerns, trial treatment may be continued or resumed at the discretion of the investigator 
after agreement with the sponsor’s global medical expert.
8.2
Withdrawal from the trial
A subject may withdraw consent at any time at his/her own request. If a subject withdraws consent, 
the investigator must ask the subject if he/she is willing, as soon as possible, to have assessment 
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performed according to end of treatment visit V18 and to come in for the follow up visits V19 and
V20. See the flowchart in section 2 for data to be collected.
Final drug accountability must be performed, even if the subject is not able to come to the trial site. 
A treatment discontinuation session must be made in the IWRS. 
If a subject withdraws from the trial, he/she may request destruction of any samples taken and not 
tested, and the investigator must document this in the medical record.
If the subject withdraws consent, Novo Nordisk may retain and continue to use any data collected 
before such a withdrawal of consent.
Although a subject is not obliged to give his/her reasons for withdrawing, the investigator must 
make a reasonable effort to ascertain the reasons, while fully respecting the subject’s rights. Where 
the reasons are obtained, the primary reason for withdrawal must be specified in the end of trial 
form in the CRF.
8.2.1
Replacement of subjects
Subjects who discontinue trial product or withdraw from trial will not be replaced.
8.3
Lost to follow-up
A subject will be considered lost to follow-up if he or she repeatedly fails to return for scheduled 
visits and is unable to be contacted by the trial site. 
The following actions must be taken if a subject fails to return to the trial site for a required visit:
!
The site must attempt to contact the subject and reschedule the missed visit as soon as 
possible and counsel the subject on the importance of maintaining the assigned visit 
schedule, and ascertain whether or not the subject wishes to and/or should continue in the 
trial.
!
Before a subject is deemed lost to follow-up, the investigator must make every effort to 
regain contact with the subject (where possible, at least three telephone calls and, if 
necessary, a certified letter to the subject’s last known mailing address or local equivalent 
methods). These contact attempts should be documented in the subject’s source document.
!
Should the subject continue to be unreachable, he/she will be considered to have withdrawn 
from the trial with a primary reason of lost to follow-up.
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9
Trial assessments and procedures
Trial procedures and their timing are summarised in the flowchart in section 2. Adherence to the 
trial design requirements, including those specified in the flowchart, is essential and required for 
trial conduct. 
!
Informed consent must be obtained before starting any trial related activity, see Appendix 3.
!
All screening evaluations must be completed and reviewed to confirm that potential subjects 
meet all eligibility criteria. 
!
The investigator will maintain a screening log to record details of all subjects screened and 
to confirm eligibility or record reason for screen failure, as applicable.
!
At screening, subjects will be provided with a card stating that they are participating in a 
clinical trial and giving contact details of relevant trial site staff. 
!
All protocol-required laboratory assessments, as defined in Appendix 2 must be conducted 
in accordance with the flowchart in section 2 and the laboratory manual.
!
Please refer to Appendix 2 for details on laboratory samples.
!
Review of completed diaries, electrocardiograms (ECGs), laboratory reports, eye- and 
physical examinations must be documented either on the documents (by signing and dating) 
or in the subject’s source documents. 
!
If clarification of entries or discrepancies in the diary is needed, the subject must be 
questioned and a conclusion made in the subject’s source documents. Care must be taken 
not to bias the subject.
!
Source data of clinical assessments performed and recorded in the CRF must be available 
and will usually be in the subject’s medical records. Additional recording to be considered 
source data includes, but is not limited to; diary data, laboratory reports, BG meter, pictures 
and ECG recordings. 
9.1
Efficacy assessments 
Planned time points for all efficacy assessments are provided in the flowchart, section 2.
9.1.1
Insulin dose
During the trial, starting at the screening visit (V1), subjects must be instructed to report daily 
SMPG measurements in the diary. 
From V2 subjects should be instructed to record insulin glargine U100 doses taken the last two days 
prior to titration and on the day of the contact, in the diary, exception being week 15 and 16 where 
doses must be collected every day. All insulin 287 doses must be entered in the diary. 
At each visit or phone contact the Investigator will recommend to either titrate up or down or 
remain on the same dose based on the SMPG values measured on the two previous days and the day 
of the contact. The investigator must base the new recommended dose on the applicable titration 
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algorithm A, B, C or D assigned to that subject as per randomisation, see titration guideline 
Appendix 9, for further information.
The Investigator must record the following in the CRF:
!
Date, actual dose and injection time of insulin 287 since the last contact or date, actual dose 
and injection time of insulin glargine U100 taken the last two days prior to titration and on 
the day of the contact. Exception being week 15 and 16 where all daily doses are collected 
and must be entered into the CRF.   
!
Prescribed doses of insulin 287 and insulin glargine U100; i.e. what the investigator tells the 
subject to take
!
Reason for deviating from the recommended dose as per titration algorithm, if needed
For dosing of anti-diabetic medication prescribed in the follow up period please see section 7.8.
9.1.2
Self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) 
Subjects will be provided with a BG meter including auxiliaries as well as instructions for use. The 
subjects will be instructed in how to use the device and the instruction will be repeated at regular 
intervals as indicated in the flowchart, section 2. 
The BG meters use test strips calibrated to plasma values. Therefore, all measurements performed 
with capillary blood are automatically calibrated to plasma equivalent glucose values, which will be 
shown on the display. 
Only the BG meter provided by Novo Nordisk should be used for the measurements required in the 
trial. 
Subjects should be instructed in how to record the results of the pre-breakfast SMPGs and SMPG
measurements related to hypoglycaemic events in the diaries. The recorded SMPGs should include 
date, time and value. All data from the diary must be transcribed into the CRF during or following 
the contact. If obtained via phone and a discrepancy is later detected, the values in the CRF must be 
corrected.
Occasional review by the investigator of the BG meter values stored in the memory of the BG meter 
and correct reporting of these in the diary is advised in order to ensure adequacy of the data reported 
in the trial database. 
9.1.3
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
As indicated in the flowchart (see section 2), all subjects will wear CGM during screening and, 
throughout the 16 week treatment period from V1 to V18. 
The CGM system used in this trial will be the Dexcom G6® which consists of three parts:
!
the sensor, applied under the skin on the subject’s abdomen
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!
the transmitter, which is placed on top of the sensor
!
the receiver, a hand held device used to store the data received from the transmitter
The sensor is pre-calibrated during manufacturing and requires no finger stick calibration during 
use. The sensor measurements performed in the interstitial fluid are automatically calibrated to 
plasma equivalent glucose values. The CGM readings will be blinded to both the subject and 
investigator and will not be used for any insulin dose titration or hypoglycaemic episode reporting. 
CGM fitting and training
The sensor must be applied under the skin on the subject’s abdomen, using the sensor applicator as 
described in the user guide. When applied, a thin, flexible, and sterile fibre is inserted just under the 
skin of the subject, allowing the measurement of glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid.
For this trial the subject will change their CGM sensor in connection to site visits and phone 
contacts (see flow chart section 2) during the first 18 weeks of the trial. The site staff will closely 
supervise and assist on fitting of the sensor and transmitter on the subject during the site visits. The 
site staff is responsible for providing appropriate training to the subject at V1-V6, enabling subjects 
to apply the sensor by themselves during the rest of the trial from P7 to P17. At V10, the site staff 
will assist in replacing the transmitter during sensor change. 
When a new sensor is applied to the subject it is important to enter the new sensor code into the 
receiver and to check that date and time is correct on the receiver. This will ensure that the sensor is 
calibrated to the receiver.
For further information on fitting, and changing of the CGM parts, please refer to the user manual. 
If a subject withdraws consent during the trial, a site visit must be scheduled in order to remove the 
sensor and upload the data from the receiver. 
CGM sensor check
From P7 to P17, the site staff should ensure that the subject has fitted the sensor correctly and that 
the receiver is working . This will be done in person during the clinic visit and over the phone 
during phone contacts.
CGM upload
Data stored on the receiver must be uploaded at the site to the provided CGM software program, 
following the instructions from the user manual and guides provided to sites. 
The upload will be documented by the system directly.
The following information must be recorded and transferred into the CRF when sensor is changed:
!
Serial number of the CGM receiver
!
Sensor fitting date and time
!
Sensor removal date and time
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9.1.4
Clinical efficacy laboratory assessments
All protocol-required laboratory assessments, as defined in Appendix 2, must be conducted in 
accordance with the flowchart, section 2, and the laboratory manual.
9.2
Adverse events
The definitions of AEs and SAEs can be found in Appendix 4.
The investigator is responsible for detecting, documenting, recording and following up on events 
that meet the definition of an AE or SAE.
9.2.1
Time period and frequency for collecting AE and SAE information
All AEs will be collected from the first trial-related activity after obtaining informed consent and 
until the second follow up visit (V20), at the time points specified in the flowchart, section 2. 
All SAEs will be recorded and reported to Novo Nordisk or designee within 24 hours, as indicated 
in Figure 2. The investigator must submit any updated SAE data to Novo Nordisk within 24 hours 
of it being available.
Investigators are not obligated to actively seek for AE or SAE in former trial subjects. However, if 
the investigator learns of any SAE, including a death, at any time after a subject has been 
discontinued from/completed the trial, and the investigator considers the event to be 
possibly/probably related to the investigational trial product, or trial participation, the investigator 
must promptly notify Novo Nordisk.
The method of recording, evaluating and assessing causality of AE and SAE and the procedures for 
completing and transmitting SAE reports are provided in Appendix 4.
Timelines for reporting of AEs and events for adjudication are listed in Figure 2.
Some AEs require additional data collection via a specific event form. This includes medication 
errors and hypoglycaemic episodes, etc. observed during the trial. The relevant specific events are 
listed in Table 2 and the reporting timelines in Figure 2.
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AE identified
Is the event to be 
adjudicated
AE form ≤  24 hours
SIF ≤5 calendar days
Sign off ≤ 7 calendar days
Is the AE serious or 
non-serious?
AE form*
Is the AE listed as 
requiring a Specific Event 
Form to be completed ?
Source data collection 
and upload to Event 
Adjudication System ≤4 
weeks
Non-serious
Serious
No
Yes
No additional action
No
Specific event form
For SAE:
≤14 calendar days
Yes
Timelines are from the awareness of an AE .
Queries and follow-up requests to be resolved ≤14 calendar days.
AE: Adverse Events, SAE: Serious Adverse Events, SIF: Safety Information Form
* Non-serious hypoglycaemic episodes should be reported on a dedicated 
hypoglycaemic form only.
No additional action
Figure 2
Decision tree for determining the event type and the respective forms to 
complete with associated timelines
Table 2
AEs requiring additional data collection (via specific event form) and events for 
adjudication:
AE requiring additional data 
collection via event specific 
form 
(Appendix 4)
AE for adjudication requiring 
source document upload to Event 
Adjudication System (EAS)
(Section 9.2.1.1, Appendix 4 and 
Event Adjudication Site Manual )
Acute coronary syndrome 
X
Cerebrovascular event 
X
Heart failure
X
Death 
X
Hypersensitivity 
X
Injection site reactions
X
X
Medication error
X
Hypoglycaemic episodea,b
X
aRefer to Section 9.2.6 for reporting details
bNon-serious hypoglycaemic episodes should be reported on dedicated hypoglycaemic forms only
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9.2.1.1
Events for adjudication
Event adjudication will be performed for adverse events in randomised subjects. The list of events 
for adjudication can be found in Table 2 and the reporting timelines in Appendix 4. These events 
are reviewed by an independent external event adjudication committee (EAC) in a blinded manner; 
refer to Appendix 3 for further details.
There are 3 ways to identify events relevant for adjudication as described below:
1. Investigator-reported events for adjudication: 
!
All AEs reported with a relevant AE category (Table 2) selected based on predefined 
criteria (Appendix 4).
!
All AEs reported with a fatal outcome.
2. Preferred term (PT) search (standardised screening): 
!
All AEs recorded in the CRF but not directly reported by the investigator as requiring 
adjudication, will undergo screening to identify potential events for adjudication.
3. Event Adjudication Committee (EAC)-identified events: 
!
During review of source documents provided for another event for adjudication, the EAC 
may identify additional events in scope for adjudication that were not initially reported by 
the investigator. In these instances, the investigator will be notified of the newly identified 
event and has the option to report the EAC-identified event. Regardless of whether the 
investigator decides to report the event, it will undergo adjudication. 
For all the scenarios listed above, investigator must collect copies of all relevant source documents 
specific to the event type as outlined in the Event Adjudication Site Manual. All source documents 
should be labelled with trial ID, subject number and AE number, anonymised of any treatment or
personal identifiers and uploaded to the event adjudication system (EAS) as soon as possible and 
preferably within 4 weeks according to instructions in the Event Adjudication Site Manual. Specific 
labelling and redaction requirements apply to digital pictures (see section 9.4.6 and the Event 
Adjudication Site Manual for details). All follow up regarding source documents will be handled in 
the EAS. If no, or insufficient source documents are provided to the adjudication supplier, the 
investigator can be asked to complete a clinical narrative to be uploaded to the EAS.
If new information related to a reported event where source documents have previously been 
provided becomes available, it is the responsibility of the investigator to ensure that the new 
information is reflected in both the CRF and uploaded to the EAS.
The assessments made by both the EAC and the investigator will be analysed and included in the 
clinical trial report.
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9.2.2
Method of detecting AEs and SAEs
Care should be taken not to introduce bias when detecting AEs and/or SAEs. Open-ended and non 
leading verbal questioning of the subject is the preferred method to inquire about events.
9.2.3
Follow up on AEs and SAEs
After the initial AE/SAE report, the investigator is required to proactively follow each subject at 
subsequent visits/contacts. All SAEs, will be followed until resolution, stabilisation, or if the event 
is otherwise explained (e.g. chronic condition) or the subject is lost to follow up (as defined in 
Section 8.3). Further information on follow up procedures is given in Appendix 4.
9.2.4
Regulatory reporting requirements for SAEs
Prompt notification by the investigator to Novo Nordisk of a SAE is essential, so that legal 
obligations and ethical responsibilities towards the safety of subjects, and the safety of a trial 
product under clinical investigation, are met. 
Novo Nordisk has a legal responsibility to notify both the local regulatory authority and other 
regulatory agencies about the safety of a trial product under clinical investigation. Novo Nordisk 
will comply with country-specific regulatory requirements relating to safety reporting to the 
regulatory authority, IRB/IEC, and investigators.
Investigator safety reports must be prepared for suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions 
(SUSARs) according to local regulatory requirements and Novo Nordisk policy and forwarded to 
investigators as necessary.
An investigator who receives an investigator safety report describing a SAE or other specific safety 
information (e.g. summary or listing of SAEs), from Novo Nordisk will review and then file it 
along with the investigator’s brochure and will notify the IRB/IEC, if appropriate according to local 
requirements.
9.2.5
Cardiovascular and death events
Cardiovascular and death events will be handled and reported according to AE/SAEs description in 
Section 9.2.1.
9.2.6
Disease-related events and/or disease-related outcomes not qualifying for standard 
AE collection
The following Disease-Related Event is common in subjects with T2DM and can be serious/life 
threatening:
!
Hypoglycaemic episodes
Definitions, classification and reporting requirements are described in Appendix 8.
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Hypoglycaemia
Non-serious hypoglycaemia must be reported on a hypoglycaemic episode form.
If the hypoglycaemic episode fulfils the criteria for an SAE, then in addition to the above, an AE 
form and a safety information form must also be filled in. One AE form and safety information 
form can cover several hypoglycaemic episode forms, if the subject has not recovered between the 
episodes.
9.2.7
Pregnancies and associated adverse events
Details of pregnancies in female subjects will be collected after the first-trial-related activity after 
obtaining informed consent, and until the pregnancy outcome and the new born infant is one month 
of age.
If a pregnancy is reported in female subjects, the investigator should inform Novo Nordisk within 
14 calendar days of learning of the pregnancy and should follow the procedures outlined in Figure 3
and Appendix 5. 
Pregnancy outcome should be documented in the subject’s medical record. Abnormal pregnancy 
outcome (e.g. spontaneous abortion, foetal death, stillbirth, congenital anomalies and ectopic 
pregnancy) is considered an SAE.
Maternal form 1b
≤14 calendar days after birth
Maternal form 1a
≤14 calendar days
After birth/
termination 
of pregnancy
No additional 
action
Normal outcome 
Maternal form 2 ≤14 calendar days
Paternal form*1 ≤14 calendar days
Abnormal outcome 
Pregnancy 
verified
*1 Further information collected on Paternal form for male partners of 
female subjects requires signing of specific informed consent.
AE/SAEs in connection with the pregnancy and in the foetus/newborn 
should follow the timelines in Figure 9.1.
Prior to 
birth or 
pregnancy 
termination 
For female subjects
Figure 3
Decision tree for determining the forms to complete with associated timelines 
for pregnancy
9.2.8
Medical device incidents (including malfunctions)
Section not applicable for this trial. Refer to technical complaints in Section 9.2.9 and Appendix 6.
9.2.9
Technical complaints 
Technical complaints will be collected for all trial products listed on the TC form in the CRF.
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The investigator must assess whether a technical complaint is related to an AE.
The definitions and reporting process for technical complaints can be found in Appendix 6.
Timelines for reporting technical complaints are listed in Figure 4.
Technical Complaints related to the CGM devices or BG meters and associated auxiliaries must be 
reported directly to the supplier/manufacturer.
Technical complaint form : ≤ 24 hours 
AE form: ≤ 24 hours 
SIF: ≤ 5 calendar days
Is it related  
to an SAE?
Technical complaint 
identified
Is it related
to an AE?
Yes
No
Technical complaint form
≤ 5 calendar days
Technical complaint form : 
≤ 5 calendar days
AE form: ≤ 5 calendar days
No
Yes
AE: Adverse Event, SAE: Serious Adverse Event,  SIF: Safety Information Form
Figure 4
Decision tree for determining the forms to complete with associated timelines 
for technical complaints. 
9.3
Treatment of overdose
Accidental overdose must be reported as a medication error. Intentional overdose is considered 
abuse or misuse of trial product and must be reported as an AE. Refer to section 9.2.1 and Table 2
for further details.
In the event of an overdose, the investigator should closely monitor the subject for overdose-related 
AE/SAE and laboratory abnormalities until the blood glucose is normal ised and (or) 
signs/symptoms have been relieved. 
The administration of insulin, including an overdose of insulin, may result in hypoglycaemia. 
Symptoms usually occur suddenly and may include cold sweat, nervousness or tremor, anxious 
feelings, unusual tiredness, confusion, difficulty in concentration, excessive hunger, temporary 
vision changes, headache, nausea and palpitation. Prolonged or severe hypoglycaemia can lead to a 
loss of self-control, spasms, and/or unconsciousness and, in extreme cases, death. As with all long-
acting insulin preparations, their prolonged effect may delay recovery from a hypoglycaemic 
episode.
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A specific overdose for insulin 287 cannot be defined; however, hypoglycaemia may develop over 
sequential stages if the doses administered are too high relative to the subject’s requirements:
!
Mild hypoglycaemia can be treated by oral administration of glucose or sugary products.
!
Severe hypoglycaemia, where the subject is not able to treat him/herself, can be treated by 
glucagon (0.5 to 1 mg) given intramuscularly or s.c. by a trained person, or by glucose given 
intravenously by a medical professional. Glucose must also be given intravenously, if the 
subject does not respond to glucagon within 10-15 minutes. If the subject has been 
unconscious, administration of oral carbohydrates is recommended for the subject upon 
regaining consciousness, in order to prevent a relapse.
Decisions regarding dose interruptions or modifications will be made by the investigator based on 
the clinical evaluation of the subject.
For more information on overdose, also consult the current version of the investigators brochure8 for 
insulin 287 and Summary of Product Characteristics for insulin glargine U1009. 
9.4
Safety assessments
Planned time points for all safety assessments and subject-related information are provided in the 
flowchart section 2.
A concomitant illness is any illness that is present at the start of the trial (i.e. at the first visit V1) or 
found as a result of a screening procedure or other trial procedures performed before exposure to 
trial product. 
Medical history is a medical event that the subject has experienced in the past. Only relevant 
concomitant illness and medical history as judged by the investigator should be reported. 
The information collected for concomitant illness and medical history should include diagnosis, 
date of onset and date of resolution or continuation, as applicable.
In case of an abnormal and clinically significant finding, the investigator must record the finding on 
the Medical History/Concomitant Illness form if it is present at screening. Any new finding 
fulfilling the AE definition (see Appendix 4) during the trial and any clinically significant 
worsening from baseline (V1) must be reported as an AE (see Section 9.2.1).
For handling of hypoglycaemic episodes; see Appendix 8.
9.4.1
Electrocardiograms (ECG)
!
A 12-lead ECG must be performed by the investigator or delegated staff as outlined in the 
flowchart, section 2 using an ECG machine that automatically calculates the heart rate and 
measures PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals. 
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!
The ECG must be interpreted, signed and dated by the investigator to verify that the data has 
been reviewed. 
!
The ECG at screening must be done at the latest at V2 and the results interpreted by the 
investigator before randomisation in order to determine the eligibility of the subject. 
9.4.2
Eye examination 
Subjects with uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy are not 
eligible as this indicates retinopathy that has recently progressed to a level that requires 
intervention, or is approaching intervention, but has yet to be brought under control. 
Results of an eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist or another suitably qualified health 
care provider (e.g. optometrist) must be available and evaluated by the investigator before 
randomisation to assess eligibility. The eye examination, should be performed as a fundus 
photography (e.g. 2-field 60 degree or better, colour or red-free) or by slit-lamp biomicroscopy 
examination (e.g. using a pre-corneal or corneal contact lens examination). Pharmacological pupil-
dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated 
examination.
If the subject had such an eye examination performed within 90 days prior to screening, the 
investigator may base his/her evaluation upon the results of that examination. The examination must 
be repeated before randomisation, if the subject has experienced worsening of visual function, since 
the last examination. If the applicable eye examination was performed before the subject signed the 
informed consent form, it must be documented that the reason for performing the examination was 
not related to this trial.
After randomisation an eye examination performed according to above must be performed, as per 
the flowchart in section 2. The investigator should indicate the outcome of each eye examination. 
Relevant findings prior to randomisation must be recorded as concomitant illness/medical history, 
while relevant findings occurring after randomisation should be reported as an AE, if applicable 
according to section 9.2.1.
9.4.3
Physical examinations
!
A physical examination will include assessments of:
o
Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck
o
Cardiovascular system
o
Respiratory system
o
Gastrointestinal system including mouth
o
Musculoskeletal system 
o
Central and peripheral nervous system
o
Skin 
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!
Body measurements will also be measured and recorded as specified in the flowchart, 
section 2.
o
Body weight should be measured in kilogram (kg) or pounds (lb) without coat and 
shoes wearing only light clothing. Body weight will be recorded to one decimal.
o
Body weight should be assessed with the same equipment throughout the trial, if 
possible. 
o
Height should be assessed without shoes. Height is measured in centimetres (cm) or 
inches (in) at screening visit (V1) and recorded to the nearest whole number
o
From the body weight and height the BMI will be calculated in the CRF.
Investigators should pay special attention to clinical signs related to previous serious illnesses.
9.4.4
Vital signs
!
Pulse rate as well as diastolic and systolic blood pressure will be assessed.
!
Blood pressure and pulse measurements should be preceded by at least 5 minutes of rest for 
the subject in a quiet setting, in the same position at each of the 4 visits, without distractions 
(e.g. television, cell phones).
!
Blood pressure at screening will consist of 3 diastolic and systolic blood pressure 
measurements with intervals of at least 1 minute. All three readings must be entered in the 
CRF and the average of the 3 blood pressure readings will be calculated in the CRF. At the 
subsequent visits, the blood pressure should only be measured once.
!
Blood pressure and pulse measurements will be assessed with a completely automated 
device. Manual techniques will be used only if an automated device is not available.
9.4.5
Clinical safety laboratory assessments
All protocol-required laboratory assessments, as defined in Appendix 2, must be conducted in 
accordance with the laboratory manual and the flowchart in section 2.
9.4.6
Assessments in case of suspicion of hypersensitivity reaction to trial product 
Subjects and investigators will be instructed to detect signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity 
reactions to trial product:
!
Local reactions, including injection site reactions and 
!
Systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis
In the event of a hypersensitivity reaction: 
!
The subject should contact the site for advice on further action as soon as possible.
!
Treatment should be provided by the investigator according to local clinical practice.
Digital pictures
!
The investigator or the subject should take digital pictures of the hypersensitivity reaction, at 
time of identification and thereafter as often, as judged necessary by the investigator. 
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o
The pictures should include subject identification number, date and time, time after 
dosing and a ruler for scaling. All pictures should be stored as part of source 
documentation at site. 
Additional blood samples
In the event of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction (defined in Appendix 4), as judged by the 
investigator, the subject should be called in as soon as possible to have additional blood samples 
taken to be sent to the central laboratory in order to analyse the following parameters: 
!
Tryptase (optimal 0.5 – 2 hours post reaction)
!
Total IgE
!
Anti-NNC0148-0287 IgE antibodies 
!
Anti-NNC0148-0287 binding antibodies
!
Histamine release (basophil) assay 
!
Anti-human insulin IgE antibodies
The blood sampling should be repeated 2 to 4 weeks following the systemic hypersensitivity 
reaction. The results will be provided from the central laboratory and should be included in the 
documentation provided for event adjudication on the systemic hypersensitivity reaction.
Refer to section Appendix 4 for further information about evaluation and reporting of 
hypersensitivity reactions. For information about sample retention; see Appendix 7.
9.5
Pharmacokinetics
Not applicable for this trial.
9.6
Pharmacodynamics
Not applicable for this trial.
9.7
Genetics
Not applicable for this trial.
9.8
Biomarkers
Not applicable for this trial.
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10 Statistical considerations 
10.1
Sample size determination 
The primary estimand is defined as the mean difference with respect to ‘time in target range 
3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16) for each 
of the 3 different titration algorithms (A, B and C) of once weekly insulin 287 and once daily 
insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D) for all randomised subjects, if all subjects had adhered to the 
randomised insulin treatment, and had 70% of the planned CGM measurements recorded during the 
last two weeks of the planned treatment period (week 15 and 16). Intercurrent events for the 
primary estimand are initiation of insulin treatment other than the randomised treatment (hereafter 
defined as rescue medication), discontinuation of randomised insulin treatment, recording of less 
than 70% of planned CGM measurements in the last two weeks of treatment, and withdrawal from 
the trial. Measurements collected after intercurrent events are handled as missing data for the 
primary estimand. 
The sample size calculation is based on the width of the 95% confidence interval (CI). Data from 
insulin degludec treated subjects in trial NN9068-3697 showed a standard deviation (SD) of 
2.5 hour for a 24h period after 26 weeks of treatment and for time in range defined as 
3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL). NN9068-3697 was conducted in insulin-naïve subjects with 
T2DM as the present trial but used older CGM devices (iPro1 and iPro2). A trial in type 1 diabetes 
mellitus subjects NN1250-3874 with insulin glargine U100 as comparator used the Dexcom 
SEVEN® PLUS CGM device, which is considered more representative for the present trial as there 
have been notable improvements in the CGM devices. In this trial a SD of 3.0 hour in the last 
maintenance period was observed for time in range defined as 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL). 
However, the titration periods were only four weeks in NN1250-3874. The SD for the current trial 
is assumed to be 3.0 based on observations from these two trials Table 3 shows the 95% confidence 
interval for any pairwise comparison that can be obtained with 80% probability for a range of 
sample sizes and assumed values of SD.
Table 3 Width of the 95% CI for various SD and number of subjects per treatment arm
Number per treatment arm
SD
40
50
60
2.5
2.4
2.1
1.9
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.3
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.7
CI: confidence interval. SD: standard deviation.
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With 50 subjects randomised to each treatment arm in a 1:1:1:1 manner, the width of the 95% 
confidence interval for any pairwise comparison is 2.5 h/24h with a probability of 80%. Two-and-a-
half hour corresponds to approximately 10%-point for percent time in range.
Based on recent trials with NN9068 with a similar increased focus on retention, it is expected that 
approximately 5% will discontinue treatment or withdraw from trial.
10.2
Definition of analysis sets
The following analysis sets will be defined:
Full analysis set (FAS): includes all randomised subjects. Subjects in the FAS will contribute to 
evaluation “as randomised”.
Safety analysis set (SAS): includes all subjects exposed to at least one dose of trial product. 
Subjects in the SAS will contribute to the evaluation based on the trial product received for the 
majority of the period they were on treatment. This will be referred to as contributing to the 
evaluation “as treated”. 
The relevant observations periods are:
In-trial: This observation period represents the time period after randomisation where subjects are 
considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue 
medication. The in-trial observation period starts at randomisation (as registered in IWRS) and ends 
at the date of: 
!
The last direct subject-site contact, which is scheduled to take place 6 weeks after planned 
last dose of once weekly trial product and 5 weeks after last dose of once daily trial product 
at a follow up visit
!
Withdrawal for subjects who withdraw their informed consent
!
The last subject-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for subjects who are lost 
to follow up
!
Death for subjects who die before any of the above
!
For subjects not randomised but exposed to trial product the in-trial period starts at the date 
of first dose of trial product.
On-treatment: This observation period represents the time period where subjects are considered 
exposed to trial product. The observation period is a sub-set of the in-trial observation period. It 
starts at the date of first dose of trial product, the observation period ends at the first date of any of 
the following:
!
The follow up visit (FU2)
!
The last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and +6 weeks for once weekly
insulin.
!
The end-date for the in-trial observation period
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On-treatment without rescue medication: This observation period is a sub-set of the on-treatment 
observation period, where subjects are considered treated with randomised insulin product, and has
not initiated a non-randomised insulin treatment. Specifically, the period starts at the date of first 
dose of trial product and ends at the first date of any of the following:
!
The last dose of trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and +6 weeks for once weekly 
insulin
!
Initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment
The ’on-treatment without rescue medication’ observation period will be the primary observation 
period for efficacy evaluations. Safety will be evaluated based on the in -trial and the on-treatment 
observation periods unless otherwise specified.
Data points collected outside an observation period will be treated as missing in the analysis. 
Baseline data will always be included in an observation period. Before data are locked for statistical 
analysis, a review of all data will take place. Any decision to exclude either a subject or single 
observations from the statistical analysis is the joint responsibility of the members of the 
Novo Nordisk study group.
Exclusion of data from analyses will be used restrictively and normally no data should be excluded 
from the FAS. The subjects or observations to be excluded, and the reasons for their exclusion will 
be documented and signed by those responsible before database lock. The subjects and observations 
excluded from analysis sets, and the reason for this, will be described in the clinical trial report.
10.3
Statistical analyses
All efficacy endpoints will be summarised using the full analysis set (FAS) and safety assessments
endpoints will be summarised using the safety analysis set (SAS).
All statistical analysis of efficacy and safety endpoints will be based on the FAS unless otherwise 
specified. Confirmatory analysis addressing the primary estimand will be based on on-treatment 
data without rescue medication.
In accordance with guidance endpoints will be assessed at frequent visits and also for subjects who 
prematurely discontinue treatment. The baseline value is defined as the value from the 
randomisation visit. If this value is missing the last recorded value before randomisation visit will 
be used.
Laboratory values below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) will be set to ½LLOQ.
Presentation of results from a statistical analysis will include the estimated treatment means as well 
as estimated mean treatment difference (or ratio) together with the two-sided 95% confidence 
interval and corresponding two-sided p-value.
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In the statistical models baseline value of the endpoint value will be included as a covariate and 
explanatory factors will be categorized as follows:
!
Treatment: titration algorithm A, titration algorithm B, titration algorithm C, insulin glargine 
U100 (titration algorithm D)
!
SGLT2i has two levels (yes and no)
10.3.1
Primary endpoint
The primary endpoint is ‘time in target range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL)’ during the last 2 
weeks of treatment (week 15 and 16).  The percentage of time spent in glycaemic target range will 
be calculated as 100 times the number of recorded measurements in glycaemic target range 
3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL), both inclusive divided by the total number of recorded 
measurements. 
Following international consensus criteria17 it will be required that at least 70% of the planned 
CGM measurements, during the last two weeks of treatment is available, for endpoint data to be 
included in the analysis. 
The primary estimand will be estimated based on the Full Analysis Set (FAS) using measurements 
obtained while subjects are adhering to randomised treatment without initiation of rescue 
medication. Measurements obtained after initiation of recue medication and endpoint data from 
which the required 70% of the planned CGM measurements during the last two weeks of treatment
are not available, will be regarded as missing. Missing endpoint data will be imputed from trial 
participants who are from the same randomised group, and who have completed and adhered to 
their randomised insulin treatment without initiation of a non-randomised insulin treatment i.e., data 
will be imputed based on the assumption that, within treatment groups, subjects with missing 
endpoint data will behave like subjects completing randomised treatment. Specifically, the 
imputations and analyses will be carried out as follows: 
!
First, one thousand (1000) copies of the dataset will be generated for time in range.
!
Second, for each dataset copy, each assessment and each treatment group, an analysis of 
variance (ANOVA) model with baseline ‘time in target range’ as covariate will be fitted to 
the time in range values for subjects having completed their randomised treatment. The 
estimated mean, and variances, from the model will be used to impute missing values in the 
same treatment group.
!
For each of the complete data sets, the primary endpoint will be analysed using an ANOVA 
model with randomised treatment and use of SGLT2i (yes/no) as fixed factors and baseline 
‘time in target range’ as covariate. The estimates and standard deviations for the 1000 data 
sets will be pooled to one estimate and associated standard deviation using Rubin’s rule18.
!
Each pairwise treatment contrast with 95% CI will be presented.
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Baseline ‘time in target range’ will be derived the same way as the primary endpoint.
Efficacy endpoints
The secondary efficacy endpoints will be addressed in terms of the frame work of the primary 
estimand.
The secondary efficacy endpoints addressing glycaemic control and body weight will be analysed 
using the same model as specified for the primary model with the exception that baseline value of 
the endpoint will be used as covariate. Missing data will be imputed similarly as for the primary 
endpoint, but using a sequential approach where available data from scheduled visits during the trial
are used to impute missing data for subsequent scheduled visits.
The insulin doses will be analysed log-transformed and without a covariate reflecting baseline dose 
but otherwise using the same statistical model as specified for the primary model. 
Safety endpoints
Adverse events
A treatment-emergent AE is an event that has onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-
treatment observation period. These will therefore be referred to as ‘on-treatment AEs’ hereafter. 
On-treatment AEs are summarised descriptively in terms of the number of subjects with at least one 
event (N), the percentage of subjects with at least one event (%), the number of events (E) and the 
event rate per 100 years (R). These summaries are replicated by outputs including all ‘in-trial’ AEs 
(i.e., AEs with onset date [or increase in severity] during the ‘in-trial’ observation period).
The most frequent AEs will be defined as preferred terms that are experienced by at least 5% of the 
subjects in any of the treatment arms. 
All AEs will be coded using the most recent version of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory 
Activities (MedDRA) coding.
Hypoglycaemic episodes
Hypoglycaemia endpoints will be summarized similarly to the treatment emergent AE's for on-
treatment observation periods based on the FAS.
10.4
Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic modelling
Not applicable for this trial.
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11 References
1.
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Council. Directive 2001/20/EC 
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001 on the approximation of the 
laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the 
implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal 
products for human use, article 11. Official Journal of the European Communities. 01 May 
2001.
2.
Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, et al. 
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the 
American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of 
Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018.
3.
Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Bruhn D, Best JH. Patient perspectives on once-weekly 
medications for diabetes. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. 2011;13(2):144-9.
4.
American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in 
Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(Suppl 1):S55-S64.
5.
European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). 
Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatment or prevention of 
diabetes mellitus (CPMP/EWP/1080/00 Rev. 1). Adoption by CHMP. 14 May 2012.
6.
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with 
sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications 
in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-53, Erratum 
1999; 354: 602.
7.
American Diabetes Association. Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 
2018;36(1):14-37.
8.
Novo Nordisk A/S. Investigator's Brochure, NNC0148-0287 (Insulin 287), NN1436(T2D), 
(edition 5), or any updates hereof. 2018.
9.
Sanofi-Aventis Groupe. Lantus® (insulin glargine), EU Summary of Product Characteristics 
(SmPC). 13 Jul 2018.
10.
Food and Drug Administration. Lantus - U.S. Label information. 2015.
11.
Local SmPC for metformin, current version. 2008 2008.
12.
American Diabetes Association. 8. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: 
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(Suppl 1):S73-S85.
13.
Hauber AB, Johnson FR, Sauriol L, Lescrauwaet B. Risking health to avoid injections: 
preferences of Canadians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(9):2243-5.
14.
European Medicines Agency. Guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP). 
Module V – Risk management systems (Rev 1) (EMA/838713/2011 Rev 1). 15 Apr 2014.
15.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. 
Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3(1):1-150.
16.
The European Economic Community. Council Directive 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 
concerning medical devices. 1993.
17.
Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, Bergenstal RM, Close KL, DeVries JH, et al. International 
Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1631-40.
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18.
Little R, Rubin D. Statistical analysis with missing data. Sons. JW, editor. New York.: John 
Wiley & Sons. 1987.
19.
World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical 
Research Involving Human Subjects. Last amended by the 64th WMA General Assembly, 
Fortaleza, Brazil. 1 Oct 2013.
20.
ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R2), Step 4 
version. 09 Nov 2016.
21.
International Organization for Standardization. ISO 14155:2011, Clinical investigation of 
medical devices for human subjects - Good clinical practice. 01 Feb 2011.
22.
Hicks KA, Mahaffey KW, Mehran R, Nissen SE, Wiviott SD, Dunn B, et al. 2017 
Cardiovascular and Stroke Endpoint Definitions for Clinical Trials. Circulation. 
2018;137(9):961-72.
23.
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts 
submitted to Biomedical Journals. 2012 2012.
24.
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Recommendations for the Conduct, 
Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. December 
update 2016.
25.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 
2007 as amended by the Final Rule "Clinical Trials Registration and Results Information 
Submission". 21 September 2016.
26.
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Council. Regulation (EC) No 
726/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 laying down 
Community procedures for the authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for 
human and veterinary use and establishing a European Medicines Agency, article 57. 30 
April 2004.
27.
International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Glucose Concentrations of Less Than 3.0 
mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Should Be Reported in Clinical Trials: A Joint Position Statement of 
the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. 
Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):155-7.
28.
Jones TW, Group IHGW. Defining relevant hypoglycemia measures in children and 
adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017.
29.
Agiostratidou G, Anhalt H, Ball D, Blonde L, Gourgari E, Harriman KN, et al. 
Standardizing Clinically Meaningful Outcome Measures Beyond HbA1c for Type 1 
Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 
the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the 
Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable 
Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange. Diabetes Care. 
2017;40(12):1622-30.
30.
Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B, Cryer P, Dagogo-Jack S, Fish L, et al. Hypoglycemia 
and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the 
Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):1384-95.
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31.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FaDA, ; Center for Drug Evaluation and 
Research (CDER),; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER),; Center for 
Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH),. Guidance for Industry. Patient-Reported 
Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. 
2009.
32.
Stull DE, Leidy NK, Parasuraman B, Chassany O. Optimal recall periods for patient-
reported outcomes: challenges and potential solutions. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(4):929-
42.
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12 Appendices
Abbreviations and Trademarks
Appendix 1
ADA
American Diabetes Association
AE
adverse event
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
PG
plasma glucose
CGM
continuous glucose monitoring
CI
confidence interval
CRF
case report form
DUN
dispensing unit number
DPP4i
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors 
EAC
Event adjudication committee
EAS
Event adjudication system
ECG
Electrocardiogram
FAS
full analysis set
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FPG
fasting plasma glucose
GCP
Good Clinical Practice
HbA1c
glycated haemoglobin
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
ICH
International Council for Harmonisation
IEC
independent ethics committee
IMP
investigational medicinal product
IRB
institutional review board
IWRS
interactive web response system
PD
pharmacodynamics
PK
pharmacokinetics
SAE
serious adverse event
SGLT2i
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
SMPG
self-measured plasma glucose
T2DM
type 2 diabetes mellitus
WOCBP
woman of child bearing potential
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Clinical laboratory tests
Appendix 2
!
The tests detailed in Table 4 and Table 5 will be performed by the central laboratory, unless 
otherwise specified.
!
Additional tests may be performed at any time during the trial as determined necessary by 
the investigator or required by local regulations. Only laboratory samples specified in the 
protocol should be sent to the central laboratory for analysis; if additional laboratory 
sampling is needed, e.g. to follow up on AEs, this must be done at a local laboratory.
!
If a urine pregnancy test is positive, a serum sample should be taken and sent to the central 
laboratory for analysis.
!
The investigator must review all laboratory results for concomitant illnesses and AEs.
!
Laboratory samples will be destroyed on an ongoing basis and no later than at finalisation of 
the clinical trial report. 
!
Samples to assess systemic hypersensitivity reactions will be stored as described in 
Appendix 7.
!
The laboratory equipment may provide analyses not requested in the protocol but produced 
automatically in connection with the requested analyses according to specifications in the 
laboratory standard operating procedures. Such data will not be transferred to the trial 
database, but abnormal values will be reported to the investigator. 
!
Antibody samples taken in case of a suspected hypersensitivity reaction related to the trial 
product will be stored as described in Appendix 7.
Table 4
Protocol-required efficacy laboratory assessments
Laboratory assessments
Parameters
Glucose metabolism 
! FPG (Fasting plasma glucose)1
! HbA1c
Notes :
1 A FPG result < 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) in relation to planned fasting visits should not be reported as a hypoglycaemic 
episode but as an adverse event at the discretion of the investigator (Appendix 4).
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Table 5
Protocol-required safety laboratory assessments
Laboratory assessments
Parameters
Haematology
! Erythrocytes
! Haematocrit
! Haemoglobin
! Leucocytes
! Thrombocytes
! Differential count (eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) 
Biochemistry1
! Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 
! Albumin
! Alkaline phosphatase
! Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
! Creatinine
! Potassium
! Sodium
! Bilirubin
Lipids
! Cholesterol
! High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
! Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
! Triglycerides
! Free fatty acid
Pregnancy Testing
! Serum or urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pregnancy test (for women of 
childbearing potential)
Other tests
! eGFR calculated by the central laboratory based on the creatinine value using the 
CKD-EPI equation
! Additional blood samples in case of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction: 
! Tryptase 
! Total IgE
! Anti-NNC0148-0287 IgE antibodies  
! Anti-NNC0148-0287 binding antibodies
! Histamine release (basophil) assay 
! Anti-human insulin IgE antibodies
Notes :
1Details of required actions for increased liver parameters are given in Appendix 4 (Hy’s Law)
Trial-required laboratory assessments will be performed by a central laboratory, with the exception 
of urine pregnancy tests, which are performed locally.
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Trial governance considerations
Appendix 3
1) Regulatory and ethical considerations
!
This trial will be conducted in accordance with the protocol and with the following:
!
Consensus ethical principles derived from international guidelines including the Declaration 
of Helsinki19, applicable International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical 
Practice (GCP) Guideline20 and ISO 14155 21
!
Applicable laws and regulations
!
The protocol, informed consent form, investigator’s brochure (as applicable) and other 
relevant documents (e.g. advertisements), must be submitted to an IRB/IEC and reviewed 
and approved by the IRB/IEC before the trial is initiated.
!
Regulatory authorities will receive the clinical trial application, protocol amendments, 
reports on SAEs, and the clinical trial report according to national requirements.
!
Any amendments to the protocol will require IRB/IEC approval before implementation of 
changes made to the trial design, except for changes necessary to eliminate an immediate 
safety hazard to trial subjects.
!
Before a trial site is allowed to start screening subjects, written notification from Novo 
Nordisk must be received.
!
The investigator will be responsible for:
o
providing written summaries of the status of the trial annually or more frequently in 
accordance with the requirements, policies, and procedures established by the 
IRB/IEC and/or regulatory authorities
o
notifying the IRB/IEC of SAEs or other significant safety findings as required by 
IRB/IEC procedures
o
providing oversight of the conduct of the trial at the site and adherence to 
requirements of  ICH guidelines, the IRB/IEC, and all other applicable local 
regulations
o
ensuring submission of the clinical trial report synopsis to the IRB/IEC.
2) Financial disclosure
Investigators and sub-investigators will provide Novo Nordisk with sufficient, accurate financial 
information as requested to allow Novo Nordisk to submit complete and accurate financial 
certification or disclosure statements to the appropriate regulatory authorities. Investigators are 
responsible for providing information on financial interests during the course of the trial and one 
year after completion of the trial.
For US trial sites: verification under disclosures per Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) of 
Financial Conflict of Interest.
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3) Informed consent process
!
The investigator or his/her representative will explain the nature of the trial to the subject 
and answer all questions regarding the trial.
!
The investigator must inform the subject about the long-term storage of additional blood 
samples e.g. for exploratory investigation of antibodies or further development of anti-
insulin antibody assays or to assess systemic hypersensitivity reactions. The subject must be 
informed that he/she is free to refuse to participate and may withdraw consent to the long 
term storage of the additional blood samples any time and for any reason during the storage 
period.
!
The investigator must ensure the subject ample time to come to a decision whether or not to 
participate in the trial. 
!
Subjects must be informed that their participation is voluntary.
!
Subjects will be required to sign and date a statement of informed consent that meets the 
requirements of local regulations, ICH guidelines20, Declaration of Helsinki19 and the 
IRB/IEC or trial site.
!
The medical record must include a statement that written informed consent was obtained 
before any trial related activity and the date when the written consent was obtained. The 
authorised person obtaining the informed consent must also sign and date the informed 
consent form before any trial related activity.
!
The responsibility of seeking informed consent must remain with the investigator, but the 
investigator may delegate the task of informing to a medically qualified person, in 
accordance with local requirements.
!
Subjects must be re-consented to the most current version of the informed consent form(s) 
during their participation in the trial.
!
A copy of the informed consent form(s) must be provided to the subject.
4) Information to subjects during trial
The site will be offered a communication package for the subject during the conduct of the trial. 
The package content is issued by Novo Nordisk. The communication package will contain written 
information intended for distribution to the subjects. The written information will be translated and 
adjusted to local requirements and distributed to and reviewed with the subject at the discretion of 
the investigator. The subject may receive a “welcome to the trial letter” and a “thank you for your 
participation letter” after completion of the trial. Further the subject may receive other written 
information during the trial. 
All written information to subjects must be sent to IRB/IEC for approval/favourable opinion and to 
regulatory authorities for approval or notification according to local regulations.
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5) Data protection
!
Subjects will be assigned a 6-digit unique identifier, a subject number, which will remain the 
same throughout the trial. Each site is assigned a 3-digit number and all subject numbers 
will start with the site number. Any subject records or datasets that are transferred to Novo 
Nordisk will contain the identifier only; subject names or any information, which would 
make the subject identifiable will not be transferred.
!
The subject and any biological material obtained from the subject will be identified by 
subject number, visit number and trial ID. Appropriate measures such as encryption or 
leaving out certain identifiers will be enforced to protect the identity of subjects as required 
by local, regional and national requirements.
!
The subject must be informed that his/her personal trial related data will be used by Novo 
Nordisk in accordance with local data protection law. The disclosure of the data must also 
be explained to the subject. 
!
The subject must be informed that his/her medical records may be examined by auditors or 
other authorised personnel appointed by Novo Nordisk, by appropriate IRB/IEC members, 
and by inspectors from regulatory authorities.
6) Committee structure
Novo Nordisk safety committee
Novo Nordisk will constitute an internal insulin 287 safety committee to perform ongoing safety 
surveillance. The insulin 287 safety committee may recommend unblinding of any data for further 
analysis, and in this case an independent ad hoc group will be established in order to maintain the 
blinding of the trial personnel.
Event adjudication committee
An independent external EAC is established to perform ongoing blinded adjudication of selected 
AEs and death (see 9.2.1.1 and Appendix 4). The EAC will evaluate events sent for adjudication 
using pre-defined definitions and guidelines in accordance with the EAC Charter. The evaluation is 
based on review of pre-defined clinical data collected by the investigational sites. 
The EAC is composed of permanent members covering all required medical specialities. EAC 
members must disclose any potential conflicts of interest and must be independent of Novo 
Nordisk. The EAC will have no authority to impact on trial conduct, trial protocol or amendments.
Hypersensitivity reactions were observed with a previous formulation (Formulation A), which was 
subsequently optimised to the current formulation (Formulation C). No hypersensitivity reactions 
have so far been observed with the current formulation. However, event adjudication for 
hypersensitivity reactions (local reactions, including injection site reactions and systemic reactions, 
including anaphylaxis) is introduced in the present trial to ensure standardised and objective 
assessment by an independent adjudication committee of experts within the specialty.
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For further information on insulin 287, please refer to the Investigators Brochure.8
The cardiovascular events will be adjudicated in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration requirements.22
The AEs for adjudication are listed in Table 2 and Appendix 4.
Global expert panel
A global expert panel will consist of investigators participating in the trial in different countries and 
of designated Novo Nordisk employees. The panel will discuss and advice on global and local 
operational issues related to trial conduct.
7) Publication policy
The information obtained during the conduct of this trial is considered confidential, and may be 
used by or on behalf of Novo Nordisk for regulatory purposes as well as for the general 
development of the trial product. All information supplied by Novo Nordisk in connection with this 
trial shall remain the sole property of Novo Nordisk and is to be considered confidential 
information.
No confidential information shall be disclosed to others without prior written consent from Novo 
Nordisk. Such information shall not be used except in the performance of this trial.
The information obtained during this trial may be made available to other investigators who are 
conducting other clinical trials with the trial product, if deemed necessary by Novo Nordisk. 
Provided that certain conditions are fulfilled, Novo Nordisk may grant access to information 
obtained during this trial to researchers who require access for research projects studying the same 
disease and/or trial product studied in this trial.
Novo Nordisk may publish on its clinical trials website a redacted clinical trial report for this trial.
One investigator will be appointed by Novo Nordisk to review and sign the clinical trial report 
(signatory investigator) on behalf of all participating investigators. The signatory investigator will 
be appointed based upon the criteria defined by the International Committee of Medical Journal 
Editors for research publications23.
Communication of results
Novo Nordisk commits to communicate and disclose results of trials regardless of outcome. 
Disclosure includes publication of a manuscript in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, abstract 
submission with a poster or oral presentation at a scientific meeting or disclosure by other means. 
The results of this trial will be subject to public disclosure on external web sites according to 
international and national regulations. Novo Nordisk reserves the right to defer the release of data 
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until specified milestones are reached, for example when the clinical trial report is available. This 
includes the right not to release the results of interim analyses, because the release of such 
information may influence the results of the entire trial.
At the end of the trial, one or more scientific publications may be prepared collaboratively by the 
investigator(s) and Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk reserves the right to postpone publication and/or 
communication for up to 60 days to protect intellectual property.
In all cases the trial results will be reported in an objective, accurate, balanced and complete 
manner, with a discussion of the strengths and limitations. In the event of any disagreement on the 
content of any publication, both the investigators’ and Novo Nordisk opinions will be fairly and 
sufficiently represented in the publication.
Authorship
Novo Nordisk will work with one or more investigator(s) and other experts who have contributed to 
the trial concept or design, acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data to report the results in one 
or more publications.
Authorship of publications should be in accordance with the Recommendations for the Conduct, 
Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals by the International 
Committee of Medical Journal Editors24.
All authors will be provided with the relevant statistical tables, figures, and reports needed to 
evaluate the planned publication. 
Where required by the journal, the investigator from each trial site will be named in an 
acknowledgement or in the supplementary material, as specified by the journal. 
Site-specific publication(s) by investigator(s)
For a multicentre clinical trial, analyses based on single-site data usually have significant statistical 
limitations and frequently do not provide meaningful information for healthcare professionals or 
subjects, and therefore may not be supported by Novo Nordisk. Thus, Novo Nordisk may deny a 
request or ask for deferment of the publication of individual site results until the primary manuscript 
is accepted for publication. In line with Good Publication Practice, such individual reports should 
not precede the primary manuscript and should always reference the primary manuscript of the trial.
Investigator access to data and review of results
As owner of the trial database, Novo Nordisk has the discretion to determine who will have access 
to the database.
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Individual investigators will have their own research subjects' data, and will be provided with the 
randomisation code after results are available.
8) Dissemination of clinical trial data
Information of the trial will be disclosed at clinicaltrials.gov and novonordisk-trials.com. It will also 
be disclosed according to other applicable requirements such as those of the International 
Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)24, the Food and Drug Administration Amendment 
Act25, European Commission Requirements1, 26 and other relevant recommendations or regulations. 
If a subject requests to be included in the trial via the Novo Nordisk e-mail contact at these web 
sites, Novo Nordisk may disclose the investigator’s contact details to the subject. As a result of 
increasing requirements for transparency, some countries require public disclosure of investigator 
names and their affiliations.
The Primary Completion Date is the last assessment of the primary endpoint, and is for this trial 
Last Subject First Treatment (LSFT) + 16 weeks corresponding to Visit 18. If the last subject is 
withdrawn early, the primary completion date is considered the date when the last subject 
randomised in the trial would have completed end of treatment Visit 18. The primary completion 
date determines the deadline for results disclosure at clinicaltrials.gov according to Food and Drug 
Administration Amendment Act.
9) Data quality assurance
Case Report Forms (CRFs)
!
Novo Nordisk or designee is responsible for the data management of this trial including 
quality checking of the data.
!
All subject data relating to the trial will be recorded on electronic CRFs unless transmitted 
electronically to Novo Nordisk or designee (e.g. laboratory and CGM Dexcom G6® data). 
The investigator is responsible for verifying that data entries are accurate and correct by 
physically or electronically signing the CRF. 
!
The following will be provided as paper CRFs:
o
Pregnancy forms
!
The following will be provided as paper CRFs to be used when access to the CRF is revoked 
or the CRF is temporarily unavailable:
o
AE forms 
o
Safety information forms 
o
Technical complaint forms (also to be used to report complaints that are not subject 
related, e.g. discovered at trial site before allocation)
!
Corrections to the CRF data may be made by the investigator or the investigator’s delegated 
staff. An audit trail will be maintained in the CRF application containing as a minimum: the 
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old and the new data, identification of the person entering the data, date and time of the 
entry and reason for the correction. If corrections are made by the investigator’s delegated 
staff after the date when the investigator signed the CRF, the CRF must be signed and dated 
again by the investigator.
!
The investigator must ensure that data is recorded in the CRF as soon as possible, preferably 
within 5 working days after the visit. Once data has been entered, it will be available to 
Novo Nordisk for data verification and validation purposes.
Monitoring
!
The investigator must permit trial-related monitoring, audits, IRB/IEC review, and 
regulatory agency inspections and provide direct access to source data documents (original 
documents, data and records). Direct access includes permission to examine, analyse, verify 
and reproduce any record(s) and report(s) that are important to the evaluation of the trial. If 
the electronic medical record does not have a visible audit trail, the investigator must 
provide the monitor with signed and dated printouts. In addition the relevant trial site staff 
should be available for discussions at monitoring visits and between monitoring visits (e.g. 
by telephone). 
!
Trial monitors will perform ongoing source data verification to confirm that data entered 
into the CRF by authorised site personnel are accurate, complete and verifiable from source 
documents; that the safety and rights of subjects are being protected, to monitor drug 
accountability and collect completed paper CRF pages, if applicable, and that the trial is 
being conducted in accordance with the currently approved protocol and any other trial 
agreements, ICH GCP, and all applicable regulatory requirements.
!
Monitoring will be conducted using a risk based approach including risk assessment, 
monitoring plans, centralised monitoring (remote assessment of data by Novo Nordisk) and 
visits to trial sites. 
!
Monitors will review the subject’s medical records and other source data e.g. the diaries to 
ensure consistency and/or identify omissions compared to the CRF. 
Protocol compliance
Deviations from the protocol should be avoided. If deviations do occur, the inve stigator must 
inform the monitor and the implications of the deviation must be reviewed and discussed.
Deviations must be documented and explained in a protocol deviation by stating the reason, date, 
and the action(s) taken. Some deviations, for which corrections are not possible, can be 
acknowledged and confirmed via edit checks in the CRF or via listings from the trial database. 
10) Source documents
All data entered in the CRF must be verifiable in source documentation other than the CRF.
!
The original of the completed diaries must not be removed from the trial site.
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!
Source documents provide evidence for the existence of the subject and substantiate the 
integrity of the data collected. Source documents are filed at the trial site.
!
Data reported on paper CRF or entered in the electronic CRF that are transcribed from 
source documents must be consistent with the source documents or the discrepancies must 
be explained. The investigator may need to request previous medical records or transfer 
records. Also, current medical records must be available. 
!
It must be possible to verify subject’s medical history in source documents such as subject’s 
medical record.
!
The investigator must document any attempt to obtain external medical information by 
noting the date(s) when information was requested and who was contacted.
!
Definition of what constitutes source data can be found in a source document agreement at 
each trial site. There will only be one source document defined at any time for any data 
element.
11) Retention of clinical trial documentation
!
Records and documents, including signed informed consent forms, pertaining to the conduct 
of this trial must be retained by the investigator for 15 years after end of trial unless local 
regulations or institutional policies require a longer retention perio d. No records may be 
destroyed during the retention period without the written approval of Novo Nordisk. No 
records may be transferred to another location or party without written notification to Novo 
Nordisk. 
!
The investigator must be able to access his/her trial documents without involving Novo 
Nordisk in any way. If applicable, electronic CRF and other subject data will be provided in 
an electronic readable format to the investigator before access is revoked to the systems 
and/or electronic devices supplied by Novo Nordisk. Site-specific CRFs and other subject 
data (in an electronic readable format or as paper copies or prints) must be retained by the 
trial site. If the provided electronic data (e.g. the CD-ROM) is not readable during the entire 
storage period, the investigator can request a new copy. A copy of all data will be stored by 
Novo Nordisk.
!
Subject’s medical records must be kept for the maximum period permitted by the hospital, 
institution or private practice.
12) Trial and site closure
Novo Nordisk reserves the right to close the trial site or terminate the trial at any time for any 
reason at the sole discretion of Novo Nordisk. If the trial is suspended or terminated, the 
investigator must inform the subjects promptly and ensure appropriate therapy and follow up. The 
investigator and/or Novo Nordisk must also promptly inform the regulatory authorities and 
IRBs/IECs and provide a detailed written explanation.
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Trial sites will be closed upon trial completion. A trial site is considered closed when all required 
documents and trial supplies have been collected and a trial site closure visit has been performed.
The investigator may initiate trial site closure at any time, provided there is reasonable cause and 
sufficient notice is given in advance of the intended termination.
Reasons for the early closure of a trial site by Novo Nordisk or investigator may include but are not 
limited to:
!
failure of the investigator to comply with the protocol, the requirements of the IRB/IEC or 
local health authorities, Novo Nordisk procedures or GCP guidelines
!
inadequate recruitment of subjects by the investigator
!
discontinuation of further trial product development.
13) Responsibilities
The investigator is accountable for the conduct of the trial at his/her site and must ensure adequate 
supervision of the conduct of the trial at the trial site. If any tasks are delegated, the investigator 
must maintain a log of appropriately qualified persons to whom he/she has delegated specified trial-
related duties. The investigator must ensure that there is adequate and documented training for all 
staff participating in the conduct of the trial. It is the investigator’s responsibility to supervise the 
conduct of the trial and to protect the rights, safety, and well-being of the subjects.
A qualified physician, who is an investigator or a sub-investigator for the trial, must be responsible 
for all trial-related medical decisions.
The investigator is responsible for filing essential documents (i.e. those documents, which 
individually and collectively permit evaluation of the conduct of a trial and the quality of the data 
produced) in the investigator trial master file. The documents, including the subject identification 
code list must be kept in a secure locked facility so that no unauthorized persons can get access to 
the data.
The investigator will take all necessary technical and organisational safety measures to prevent 
accidental or wrongful destruction, loss or deterioration of data. The investigator will prevent any 
unauthorised access to data or any other processing of data against applicable law. The investigator 
must be able to provide the necessary information or otherwise demonstrate to Novo Nordisk that 
such technical and organisational safety measures have been taken.
During any period of unavailability, the investigator must delegate responsibility for medical care of 
subjects to a specific qualified physician who will be readily available to subjects during that time.
If the investigator is no longer able to fulfil the role as investigator (e.g. if he/she moves or retires) a 
new investigator will be appointed in consultation with Novo Nordisk. 
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The investigator and other site personnel must have sufficient English skills according to their 
assigned task(s).
14) Indemnity statement
Novo Nordisk carries product liability for its products, and liability as assumed under the special 
laws, acts and/or guidelines for conducting clinical trials in any country, unless others have shown 
negligence. 
Novo Nordisk assumes no liability in the event of negligence or any other liability of the sites or 
investigators conducting the trial or by persons for whom the said site or investigator are 
responsible. 
Novo Nordisk accepts liability in accordance with: 
!
The Civil Code and the Pharmaceutical Law dated 6 September 2001 (uniform version
Journal of Laws of 2008 No.45 item 271 with amendments) for Poland, please see Appendix
10 for details.
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Adverse events: definitions and procedures for
Appendix 4
recording, evaluation, follow up, and reporting
AE definition
! An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject administered or using a medicinal product, 
whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or usage. 
! An AE can be any unfavourable and unintended sign, including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease 
(new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. 
! Note 1: This includes events related to the procedures involved (any procedure in the protocol).
! Note 2: For users or other persons this is restricted to events related to the investigational medical device.
Events meeting the AE definition
! Any abnormal laboratory test results or safety assessments, including those that worsen from baseline, considered 
clinically significant in the medical and scientific judgment of the investigator.
! A clinical abnormal laboratory finding, which is clinically significant, i.e. an abnormality that suggests a disease 
and/or organ toxicity and is of a severity that requires active management. Active management includes active 
treatment or further investigations, for example change of medicine dose or more frequent follow up due to the 
abnormality.
! Exacerbation of a chronic or intermittent pre-existing condition including either an increase in frequency and/or
intensity of the condition.
! Signs, symptoms or the clinical sequelae of a suspected drug-drug interaction.
! Signs, symptoms or the clinical sequelae of a suspected overdose of trial product regardless of intent.
! A "lack of efficacy" or "failure of expected pharmacological action" per se will not be reported as an AE or SAE. 
Such instances will be captured in the efficacy assessments. However, the signs, symptoms and/or clinical sequelae 
resulting from lack of efficacy will be reported as AE or SAE if they fulfil the definition.
! Abuse and misuse of trial product must be reported as an AE.
! Abuse is defined as: Persistent or sporadic, intentional excessive use of a medicinal product, which is accompanied 
by harmful physical or psychological effects (e.g. overdose with the intention to cause harm)
! Misuse is defined as: Situations where the medicinal product is intentionally and inappropriately used not in 
accordance with the protocol or the terms of the marketing authorisation. 
Events NOT meeting the AE definition 
! Pre-existing conditions, anticipated day-to-day fluctuations of pre-existing conditions, including those identified 
during screening or other trial procedures performed before exposure to trial product. 
! Note: pre-existing conditions should be recorded as medical history/concomitant illness.
! Pre-planned procedures, unless the condition, for which the procedure was planned has worsened from the first trial 
related activity after the subject has signed the informed consent.
Definition of an SAE
An SAE is an AE that fulfils at least one of the following criteria:
Results in death
Is life-threatening
! The term 'life-threatening' in the definition of 'serious' refers to an event, in which the subject was at risk of death at 
the time of the event. It does not refer to an event, which hypothetically might have caused death, if it were more 
severe.
Requires inpatient hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation
! Hospitalisation signifies that the subject has been detained at the hospital or emergency ward for observation and/or 
treatment that would not have been appropriate in the physician’s office or outpatient setting. Complications that 
occur during hospitalisation are AEs. If a complication prolongs hospitalisation or fulfils any other serious criteria, 
the event is serious. When in doubt as to whether “hospitalisation” occurred or was necessary, the AE should be 
considered serious.
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! Hospitalisation for elective treatment of a pre-existing condition that did not worsen from baseline is not considered 
an AE.
Note: Hospitalisations for administrative, trial related and social purposes do not constitute AEs and should therefore 
not be reported as AEs or SAEs.
! Hospital admissions for surgical procedures, planned before trial inclusion, are not considered AEs or SAEs. 
Results in persistent disability/incapacity:
! The term disability means a substantial disruption of a person’s ability to conduct normal life functions.
This definition is not intended to include experience of relatively minor medical significance such as uncomplicated 
headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, influenza, and accidental trauma (e.g. sprained ankle), which may interfere 
with or prevent everyday life functions but do not constitute a substantial disruption.
Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect
Important medical event:
! Medical or scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether SAE reporting is appropriate in other 
situations. This includes important medical events that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or 
hospitalisation, but may jeopardise the subject or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the 
other outcomes listed in the above definition. These events should usually be considered serious and reported as 
SAEs using the important medical event criterion.
The following adverse events must always be reported as SAEs using the important medical event criterion, if no 
other seriousness criteria are applicable:
! Suspicion of transmission of infectious agents via the trial product. 
! Risk of liver injury defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3 x UNL and 
total bilirubin >2 x UNL, where no alternative aetiology exists (Hy's law)
Description of AEs requiring additional data collection (via specific event form) and/or events for adjudication. 
AEs requiring additional data collection (via specific event form):
Medication error: A medication error is an unintended failure in the trial drug treatment process that leads to, or has 
the potential to lead to, harm to the subject, such as:
! Administration of wrong drug 
Note: Use of wrong dispensing unit number (DUN) is not considered a medication error unless it results in
administration of wrong drug. 
! Wrong route of administration, such as intramuscular instead of s.c.
! Accidental administration of a lower or higher dose than intended. The administered dose must deviate from the 
intended dose to an extent where clinical consequences for the trial subject were likely to happen as judged by the 
investigator, although they did not necessarily occur
Injection site reaction: If an event of injection site reaction is observed the following additional information must be 
obtained if available on the injection site reaction form:
! Symptoms associated with the event
! Treatment given for the reaction
! Association with the trial product(s)
! Relevant risk factors associated with the event
Additionally, the following information must be recorded on the injection site reaction form:
! Timing and duration of the injection site reaction
! Timing and dose of last injection prior to the onset of reaction
! Relieve of symptoms
! Information about the injection (incl. needle angle and site of reaction)
! Skin condition before injection site reaction
! Size of reaction
! Needle information
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Hypoglycaemic episode: See Appendix 8
Events for adjudication:
Event type
Description
Adjudication outcome
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute Coronary Syndrome 
conditions include all types of 
acute myocardial infarction and 
hospitalisation for unstable 
angina pectoris
! Acute myocardial infarction 
(including subgroup 
classifications)
! Hospitalisation for unstable 
angina pectoris
Cerebrovascular events
Episode of focal or global 
neurological dysfunction that 
could be caused by brain, spinal 
cord, or retinal vascular injury as 
a result of haemorrhage or 
infarction
! Ischaemic stroke
! Haemorrhagic stroke
! Undetermined stroke
Heart failure
Presentation of the subject for an 
urgent, unscheduled 
clinic/office/emergency 
department visit or hospital 
admission, with a primary 
diagnosis of heart failure (new
episode or worsening of existing 
heart failure)
! Heart failure hospitalisation
! Urgent heart failure visit
Death
All cause death
! Cardiovascular death 
(including undetermined 
cause of death)
! Non-Cardiovascular death
Hypersensitivity 
! Local reactions, including 
injection site reactions  
! Systemic reactions, including 
anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity is defined as 
episodes of objectively 
reproducible symptoms or signs 
initiated by exposure to a 
defined stimulus at a dose 
tolerated by normal persons
Anaphylaxis is defined as 
serious hypersensitivity 
reactions that is rapid in onset 
and may cause death
! Hypersensitivity reaction
AE and SAE recording
! The investigator will record all relevant AE/SAE information in the CRF.
! The investigator will attempt to establish a diagnosis of the event based on signs, symptoms, and/or other clinical 
information. In such cases, the diagnosis (not the individual signs/symptoms) will be documented as the AE/SAE.
! When an AE/SAE occurs, it is the responsibility of the investigator to review all documentation (e.g. hospital 
progress notes, laboratory and diagnostics reports) related to the event.
! For all non-serious AEs the applicable forms should be signed when the event is resolved or at the end of the trial at 
the latest. For sign-off of SAE related forms refer to “SAE reporting via paper CRF” later in this section.
! Novo Nordisk products used as concomitant medication if an AE is considered to have a causal relationship with a 
Novo Nordisk marketed product used as concomitant medication in the trial, it is important that the suspected 
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relationship is reported to Novo Nordisk, e.g. in the alternative aetiology section on the safety information form. 
Novo Nordisk may need to report this adverse event to relevant regulatory authorities.
Assessment of severity
The investigator will assess intensity for each event reported during the trial and assign it to one of the following 
categories: 
! Mild: An event that is easily tolerated by the subject, causing minimal discomfort and not interfering with everyday 
activities.
! Moderate: An event that causes sufficient discomfort and interferes with normal everyday activities.
! Severe: An event that prevents normal everyday activities.
Note: Severe is a category used for rating the intensity of an event; and both an AE and SAE can be assessed as 
severe. An event is defined as ‘serious’ when it meets at least one of the outcomes described in the definition of an 
SAE and not when it is rated as severe.
Assessment of causality
The investigator is obligated to assess the relationship between trial product and the occurrence of each AE/SAE.
Relationship between an AE/SAE and the relevant trial product(s) should be assessed as: 
! Probable - Good reason and sufficient documentation to assume a causal relationship.
! Possible - A causal relationship is conceivable and cannot be dismissed.
! Unlikely - The event is most likely related to aetiology other than the trial product.
Alternative aetiology, such as underlying disease(s), concomitant medication, and other risk factors, as well as the 
temporal relationship of the event to trial product administration will be considered and investigated.
The investigator should use the investigator’s brochure for insulin 287 and/or product information for marketed non-
Novo Nordisk's products, for the assessment. For each AE/SAE, the investigator must document in the medical records 
that he/she has reviewed the AE/SAE and has provided an assessment of causality.
There may be situations, in which an SAE has occurred and the investigator has minimal information to include in the 
initial report. However, it is important that the investigator always makes an assessment of causality for every 
event before the initial transmission of the SAE data.
The investigator may change his/her opinion of causality in light of follow up information and send a follow up report 
with the updated causality assessment.
The causality assessment is one of the criteria used when determining regulatory reporting requirements.
Final outcome
The investigator will select the most appropriate outcome:
! Recovered/resolved: The subject has fully recovered, or by medical or surgical treatment the condition has returned 
to the level observed at the first trial-related activity after the subject signed the informed consent.
! Recovering/resolving: The condition is improving and the subject is expected to recover from the event. This term 
is only applicable if the subject has completed the trial or has died from another AE.
! Recovered/resolved with sequelae: The subject has recovered from the condition, but with lasting effect due to a 
disease, injury, treatment or procedure. If a sequelae meets an SAE criterion, the AE must be reported as an SAE.
! Not recovered/not resolved: The condition of the subject has not improved and the symptoms are unchanged or the 
outcome is not known.
! Fatal: This term is only applicable if the subject died from a condition related to the reported AE. Outcomes of other 
reported AEs in a subject before he/she died should be assessed as “recovered/resolved”, “recovering/resolving”, 
“recovered/resolved with sequelae” or “not recovered/not resolved”. An AE with a fatal outcome must be reported as 
an SAE.
! Unknown: This term is only applicable if the subject is lost to follow up.
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Follow up of AE and SAE
The investigator is obligated to perform or arrange for the conduct of supplemental measurements and/or evaluations as 
medically indicated or as requested by Novo Nordisk to elucidate the nature and/or causality of the AE or SAE as fully 
as possible (e.g. severe hypersensitivity reactions). This may include additional laboratory tests (e.g. skin prick test) or 
investigations, histopathological examinations, or consultation with other health care professionals.
New or updated information will be recorded in the CRF.
! SAEs: All SAEs must be followed until the outcome of the event is “recovered/resolved”, “recovered/resolved with 
sequelae” or “fatal”, and until all queries have been resolved. Cases of chronic conditions, cancer or AEs ongoing at 
time of death (where death is due to another AE) may be closed with the outcome “recovering/resolving” or “not 
recovered/not resolved”. Cases can be closed with the outcome of “recovering/resolving” when the subject has 
completed the follow up period and is expected by the investigator to recover.
The SAE follow up information should only include new (e.g. corrections or additional) information and must be 
reported within 24 hours of the investigator’s first knowledge of the information. This is also the case for previously 
non-serious AEs, which subsequently become SAEs.
! Non-serious AEs: Non-serious AEs must be followed until the outcome of the event is “recovering/resolving”, 
“recovered/resolved” or “recovered/resolved with sequelae” or until the end of the follow up period stated in the 
protocol, whichever comes first, and until all queries related to these AEs have been resolved. Cases of chronic 
conditions, cancer or AEs ongoing at time of death (where death is due to another AE) may be closed with the 
outcome “recovering/resolving” or “not recovered/not resolved”. Cases can be closed with the outcome of 
“recovering/resolving” when the subject has completed the follow up period and is expected by the investigator to 
recover.
The investigator must ensure that the recording of the worst case severity and seriousness of an event is kept throughout 
the trial. A worsening of an unresolved AE must be reported as follow up with re-assessment of severity and/or 
seriousness of the event. All the queries and follow up-requests should be resolved within 14 calendar days. 
SAE reporting via electronic CRF
! Relevant forms (AE and safety information form) must be completed in the CRF. 
! For reporting and sign-off timelines, see box below. 
! If the CRF is unavailable for more than 24 hours, then the site will use the paper AE form and if the CRF is 
unavailable for more than 5 calendar days then the site will use the safety information form (see box below).
! The site will enter the SAE data into the CRF as soon as it becomes available, see 9.2.1.
! After the trial is completed at a given site, the CRF will be decommissioned to prevent the entry of new data or 
changes to existing data. If a site receives a report of a new SAE from a subject or receives updated data on a 
previously reported SAE after CRF decommission, then the site can report this information on a paper AE and safety 
information form (see box below) or to Novo Nordisk by telephone.
SAE reporting via paper CRF
! Relevant CRF forms (AE and safety information form) must be forwarded to Novo Nordisk either by secure fax,
encrypted e-mail or courier.
! Initial notification via telephone is acceptable, although it does not replace the need for the investigator to complete 
the AE and safety information form within the designated reporting time frames (as illustrated in Figure 2):
! AE form within 24 hours.
! Safety information form within 5 calendar days. 
! Both forms must be signed within 7 calendar days.
! Contact details for SAE reporting can be found in the investigator trial master file.
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Contraceptive guidance and collection of pregnancy 
Appendix 5
information
It must be recorded in the CRF whether female subjects are of childbearing potential. 
Definitions
Woman of Childbearing Potential (WOCBP)
A woman is considered fertile following menarche and until becoming postmenopausal unless 
permanently sterile. 
Women in the following categories are not considered WOCBP
1. Premenopausal female with one of the following:
!
Documented hysterectomy
!
Documented bilateral salpingectomy
!
Documented bilateral oophorectomy
Note: Documentation can come from the site personnel’s review of subject’s medical records, 
medical examination or medical history interview.
2. Postmenopausal female
!
A postmenopausal state is defined as no menses for 12 months without an alternative 
medical cause. A high Follicle Stimulating Hormone level in the postmenopausal range may 
be used to confirm a postmenopausal state in women not using hormonal contraception or 
Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT). However, in the absence of 12 months of 
amenorrhea, a single follicle stimulating hormone measurement is insufficient. 
!
Females on HRT and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the 
non-hormonal highly effective contraception methods if they wish to continue their HRT 
during the trial. Otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of 
postmenopausal status before trial enrolment.
Contraception guidance
Male subjects:
No contraception measures are required for male subjects as the risk of teratogenicity/fetotoxicity 
caused by transfer of insulin 287 or insulin glargine U100 in seminal fluid is unlikely.
Female subjects:
Female subjects of childbearing potential are eligible to participate if they agree to use methods of 
contraception consistently and correctly as described in table(s) below:
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Table 6
Highly effective contraceptive methods
Highly effective contraceptive methods that are user dependent a 
Failure rate of <1% per year when used consistently and correctly.
Combined (oestrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation
! oral 
! intravaginal 
! transdermal 
Progestogen only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation
! oral 
! injectable 
Highly effective methods that are user independent a
Implantable progestogen only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation 
! Intrauterine Device
! Intrauterine hormone-releasing System
! Bilateral tubal occlusion
Vasectomised partner 
A vasectomised partner is a highly effective contraception method provided that the partner is the sole male sexual 
partner of the WOCBP and the absence of sperm has been confirmed. If not, an additional highly effective method of 
contraception should be used. 
Sexual abstinence 
Sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse 
during the entire period of risk associated with the trial product. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be 
evaluated in relation to the duration of the trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject.
Notes: 
a Failure rates may differ from < 1% per year, if not used consistently and correctly. Use should be consistent with local 
regulations regarding the use of contraceptive methods for subjects participating in clinical trials. 
Pregnancy testing
!
WOCBP should only be included after a negative highly sensitive serum pregnancy test.
!
Urine Pregnancy testing should be performed whenever a menstrual cycle is missed or when 
pregnancy is otherwise suspected.
!
If a urine pregnancy test is positive, a serum sample should be taken and sent to the central 
laboratory for analysis
Collection of pregnancy information
Female subjects who become pregnant 
!
Investigator will collect pregnancy information on any female subject, who becomes 
pregnant while participating in this trial.
!
Information will be recorded on the appropriate form and submitted to Novo Nordisk via 
secure fax, encrypted e-mail or courier within 14 calendar days of learning of a subject's 
pregnancy.
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!
Subject will be followed to determine the outcome of the pregnancy. The investigator will 
collect follow up information on subject and neonate, which will be forwarded to Novo 
Nordisk. Generally, follow up will not be required for longer than 1 month beyond the 
delivery date.
!
Any termination of pregnancy will be reported, regardless of foetal status (presence or 
absence of anomalies) or indication for procedure.
!
While pregnancy itself is not considered to be an AE or SAE, any pregnancy complication 
or elective termination of a pregnancy will be reported as an AE or SAE. 
!
A spontaneous abortion is always considered to be an SAE and will be reported as such.
!
Any SAE occurring as a result of a post-trial pregnancy, which is considered 
possibly/probably related to the trial product by the investigator, will be reported to Novo 
Nordisk as described in Appendix 4. While the investigator is not obligated to actively seek 
this information in former subjects, he or she may learn of an SAE through spontaneous 
reporting. 
Any female subject who becomes pregnant while participating in the trial will discontinue trial 
product. 
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Technical complaints: Definition and procedures for 
Appendix 6
recording, evaluation, follow up and reporting
Technical complaint definition 
! A technical complaint is any written, electronic or oral communication that alleges product (medicine or device)
defects. The technical complaint may be associated with an AE, but does not concern the AE itself.
Examples of technical complaints:
!
Problems with the physical or chemical appearance of trial products (e.g. discoloration, particles or
contamination).
!
Problems with packaging material including labelling.
!
Problems related to medical devices (e.g. to the injection mechanism, dose setting mechanism, push
button or interface between the pen-injector and the needle).
Time period for detecting technical complaints 
! All technical complaints, which occur from the time of receipt of the product at trial site until the time of the last
usage of the product, must be collected for products predefined on the technical complaint form.
Reporting of technical complaints to Novo Nordisk
Contact details (fax, e-mail and address) for Customer Complaint Center –refer to Attachment I
Technical complaints must be reported on a separate technical complaint form:
1.
One technical complaint form must be completed for each affected DUN
2.
If DUN is not available, a technical complaint form for each batch, code or lot number must be completed
Timelines for reporting of technical complaints to Novo Nordisk
! The investigator must complete the technical complaint form in the CRF within the timelines specified in Figure 4. If
the CRF is unavailable or when reporting a technical complaint that is not subject related, the information must be
provided on a paper form by fax, e-mail or courier to Customer Complaint Center, Novo Nordisk, within the same
timelines as stated above. When the CRF becomes available again, the investigator must enter the information on the
technical complaint form in the CRF.
Follow up of technical complaints 
! The investigator is responsible for ensuring that new or updated information will be recorded on the originally
completed form.
Collection, storage and shipment of technical complaint samples
! The investigator must collect the technical complaint sample and all associated parts that were packed in the same
DUN and notify the monitor within 5 calendar days of obtaining the sample at trial site. The sample and all
associated parts must be sent as soon as possible to Customer Complaint Center, Novo Nordisk, together with a copy
of the completed technical complaint form. The technical complaint sample should contain the batch, code or lot
number and, if available, the DUN. If the technical complaint sample is unobtainable, the reason must be stated on
the technical complaint form. If several samples are shipped in one shipment, the sample and the corresponding
technical complaint form should be kept together.
! Storage of the technical complaint sample must be done in accordance with the conditions prescribed for the product.
Reporting of technical complaints for Novo Nordisk products not included in technical complaint form
! Technical complaints on Novo Nordisk products not included in the technical complaint form should be reported to
local Novo Nordisk affiliate with a reference to trial ID.
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Retention of human biosamples
Appendix 7
Samples to assess systemic hypersensitivity reactions will be stored at a central bio-repository after 
end of trial and until marketing authorisation approval or until the research project terminates, but 
no longer than 15 years from end of trial, after which they will be destroyed.
Such samples may be used for later analysis of allergic responses towards drug, if required by 
health authorities or for safety reasons, or for exploratory investigation of antibodies or further 
development of anti-insulin antibody assays.
The subject’s identity will remain confidential and the antibody samples will be identified only by 
subject number, visit number and trial identification number. No direct identification of the subject 
will be stored together with the samples.
Only Novo Nordisk staff and biorepository personnel will have access to the stored samples.
Subjects can contact the investigator if they wish to be informed about results derived from stored 
biosamples obtained from their own body.
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Hypoglycaemic episodes
Appendix 8
Classification of hypoglycaemia
Classification of hypoglycaemia
Level
Glycaemic criteria
Description
Hypoglycaemia alert value 
(level 1)
< 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and 
≥ 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)  
Sufficiently low for treatment with fast-acting 
carbohydrate and dose 
adjustment of glucose-lowering therapy
Clinically significant 
hypoglycaemia (level 2)
< 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)
Sufficiently low to indicate serious, clinically 
important hypoglycaemia
Severe hypoglycaemia 
(level 3)
No specific glucose threshold
Hypoglycaemia associated with severe cognitive 
impairment requiring
external assistance for recovery
Notes: Novo Nordisk terms adapted from IHSG27, ADA-20184, ISPAD28, Type 1 diabetes outcomes program29, 
ATTD17. Severe hypoglycaemia as defined by Seaquist30 .
Reporting of hypoglycaemic episodes:
Plasma glucose (PG) should always be measured by the study provided BG meter and recorded in 
the diary and CRF when a hypoglycaemic episode is suspected. 
PG values <3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) should be reported as a hypoglycaemic episode according to 
the instructions below. When a subject experiences a hypoglycaemic episode, subject/investigator 
should record the general information in relation to the hypoglycaemia (timing, PG measurements, 
symptoms etc.) as described in the diary/CRF, respectively. In case a subject is not able to fill in the 
diary (e.g. in case of hospitalisation), the investigator should report the hypoglycaemic episode in 
the hypoglycaemic episode CRF.
Upon onset of a hypoglycaemic episode the subject is recommended to measure PG every 15 
minutes until the SMPG value is ≥3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and in case of severe hypoglycaemia, 
that the condition have been resolved in accordance with current guidelines30. Furthermore, subjects 
should be encouraged to measure and follow their SMPG values 1-2 hours after the episode.
Repeated SMPG measurements and/or symptoms will by default be considered as one 
hypoglycaemic episode until a succeeding SMPG value is ≥ 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and/or 
symptoms have been resolved. The episode should be reported as only one hypoglycaemic episode 
on the hypoglycaemic episode CRF. In case of several low SMPG values within the hypoglycaemic 
episode, the lowest value is the one that will be reported as the SMPG value for the hypoglycaemic 
episode but the start time of the episode will remain as the time for the first low SMPG value and/or 
symptom. The remaining values will be kept as source data in the diary. 
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If the severity of a hypoglycaemic episode changes, only one hypoglycaemic episode should be 
reported, reflecting the most severe degree of hypoglycaemia.
Regarding the question: “To feel better, did you need help to get a sugary drink, food, or 
medicine?” the investigator must instruct subjects that the answer should be “Yes”, if the episode is 
an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or 
take other corrective actions. PG concentrations may not be available during an event, but 
neurological recovery follo wing the return of PG to normal is considered sufficient evidence that 
the event was induced by a low PG concentration.30
Additional information (e.g. description of symptoms, alleviation of symptoms, seizure or coma) in 
relation to severe hypoglycaemic episodes must be recorded in the hypoglycaemic episode CRF.
Diary Review
At each visit or phone contact, the investigator should review all the daily pre-breakfast SMPG
values in the diary for low values not reported as hypoglycaemic episodes. The subject must be 
questioned whether any of the low values were severe, i.e. whether the subject could have handled 
the episode (by getting a sugary drink and/or food) him/herself. If the subject could not have 
handled the episode him/herself, it has to be reported as a hypoglycaemic episode in the 
hypoglycaemic episode CRF describing that the subject could not have handled the episode 
him/herself. 
For low SMPG values for hypoglycaemic episodes where the subject could handle the episode 
him/herself: 
!
If a hypoglycaemic episode form in the diary is not completed by the subject within 7 
calendar days of the SMPG measurement, the episode should be described in the source 
documents and reported by the investigator on a hypoglycaemic episode CRF with as much 
information as possible: Novo Nordisk will not query for additional data except for the start 
date and whether the subject could have handled the episode him/herself due to the 
decreased validity of such data.31, 32
Re-training of subjects
The subject must be re-trained in how to report hypoglycaemic episodes if the investigator identifies 
low SMPG values not reported as hypoglycaemic episodes. The training should be documented by 
the investigator in source documents.
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Titration guideline 
Appendix 9
Titration guidelines have been developed, providing recommended dose adjustments at different PG
levels to ensure that subjects receive an optimal treatment. However, it is recognised that insulin 
treatment should be individualised and the specific titration algorithms may not be applicable in 
certain clinical situations. Hence, it is important that other information, such as symptoms of 
hypo/hyperglycaemia, previous response to dose adjustments, other glucose measurements and 
other indicators of the subject’s level of glycaemic control, is taken into consideration when 
decisions on dosing are made. The investigator is responsible for the treatment of the subjects and 
can therefore overrule the guidelines to avoid safety hazards.
Initiation of trial products
At randomisation eligible subjects will be randomised to receive insulin 287 using either algorithm 
A, B or C, or to receive insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D).
Insulin 287 should be taken once weekly at the same day of the week. The starting dose will be 
70U. Insulin 287 should be injected s.c.
Insulin glargine U100 should be taken once daily at any time of the day, but at the same time every 
day. The starting dose will be 10U. Insulin glargine U100 should be injected s.c.
The treat-to-target approach will be applied to all four treatment arms to optimise glycaemic control 
throughout the trial. There are no maximum or minimum insulin doses.
Dose adjustment of trial products during the trial
After randomisation the trial products will be adjusted once weekly by the investigator in 
connection with the scheduled visits/phone contacts as described below. Titrated dose should be 
maintained until new titration or review is performed by the Investigator.
The dose adjustment will be based on the three pre-breakfast SMPG values measured on two days 
prior to titration and on the day of the contact. 
If one or more SMPG values are missing, the dose adjustment should be performed on the 
remaining SMPG value(s).
Titration of insulin 287 (algorithm A and algorithm B) and insulin glargine U100 (algorithm 
D)
Titration will be performed in accordance with Table 7. If at least one pre-breakfast SMPG value is 
< 4.4 mmol/L (< 80 mg/dL), the insulin dose should be reduced. If all SMPG values ≥ 4.4 mmol/L 
(≥ 80 mg/dL), the dose adjustment should be based on the mean pre-breakfast SMPG.
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Table 7
Dose adjustment for insulin 287 (algorithm A and B) and insulin glargine U100
(algorithm D)
Pre-breakfast SMPG
Insulin 287 titration 
algorithm A
Insulin 287 titration 
algorithm B
Insulin glargine U100
algorithm D
mmol/L
mg/dL
U
U
U
< 4.4
< 80
-21
-28
-4
4.4-7.2
80-130
No adjustment
No adjustment
No adjustment
> 7.2
> 130
+21
+28
+4
Titration of insulin 287 (algorithm C)
Titration will be performed in accordance with Table 8. If at least one pre-breakfast SMPG value is 
< 3.9 mmol/L (< 70 mg/dL), the insulin dose should be reduced. If all SMPG values are ≥ 3.9 
mmol/L (≥ 70 mg/dL), the dose adjustment should be based on the mean pre-breakfast SMPG.
Table 8
Dose adjustment of insulin 287 (algorithm C)
Pre-breakfast SMPG
Dose adjustment
mmol/L
mg/dL
U
<3.9
<70
–28
3.9–6.0
70–108
No adjustment
>6.0
>108
+28
Missing and delayed dose guidance for insulin 287
The dosing window for insulin 287 is ±1 day.
If a dose is missed for ≤ 4 days after the planned dosing day, subjects should inject the planned full 
dose as soon as possible and perform control SMPG measurements. 
If the missing dose is observed from day 5 to day 7 (which is the next planned dosing day), subject 
should inject 50% of the missed dose rounded down to the nearest possible dose, which can be 
divided with 7, e.g. if a subject forgot to take the prescribed dose of 91U, then 50% of 91U is 45,5U 
and hence the dose should be rounded down to 42U. On day 7, the next scheduled full prescribed 
dose should still be taken. Additional SMPG measurements should be performed to control PG.
Dose recommendation from end of treatment (EOT) and during follow up for insulin 287
If it is decided that the individual subject should continue on insulin treatment after EOT it is 
recommended that the subject is switched from insulin 287 to any available basal insulin at the 
discretion of the investigator. The initial post-trial basal dose is estimated as follows:
!
Convert the latest weekly insulin 287 dose to a daily dose by dividing by 7 and reduce this 
dose by 50%.
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!
Initiate the new daily basal insulin based on above calculated dose.
!
Consider titration of the basal insulin once or twice weekly according to the pre-breakfast 
SMPG values and the local label of the chosen insulin
Deviations from the algorithm
It is recommended that the algorithms are followed. However, it is also important that the decision 
to adjust insulin doses is based on all relevant information. A reason for deviating from the 
algorithm should be entered into the CRF by the investigator as applicable.
Data collection
The following data should be entered into the diary by the subject every day and reviewed by the 
investigator during the clinic visit:
!
Per protocol pre-breakfast SMPG values measured daily since last visit/telephone contact
!
Insulin glargine U100 doses taken the last two days prior to titration and on the day of the 
contact. Exception being week 15 and 16 where doses are collected every day. All insulin 
287 doses must be entered in the diary.
The following should be entered by investigator into the CRF within 24 hours after each contact:
!
Per protocol pre-breakfast SMPG values measured daily since last visit/telephone contact
!
Date, actual dose and injection time of insulin 287 since the last contact or date, actual dose 
and injection time of insulin glargine U100 taken the last two days prior to titration and on 
the day of the contact. Exception being week 15 and 16 where all daily doses are collected 
and must be entered into the CRF. 
!
Insulin glargine U100 or insulin 287 doses prescribed at this contact.
!
Reasons for deviation from the titration algorithms, if applicable
!
Hypoglycaemic episodes
Data surveillance
Surveillance of titration data will be performed centrally by Novo Nordisk in an unbiased or, if 
possible, a blinded manner. The data will be reviewed and significant changes from the titration 
algorithm will be followed up. 
It is important that data regarding titration is entered into the diary and into the CRF. If delays 
occur, action cannot be taken in due time before the subject’s next site visit/phone contact. The aim 
is to reduce the time periods, in which a subject may receive suboptimal treatment.
The titration data should be reviewed by Novo Nordisk within 24 hours (on workdays). The 
reviewer may contact the investigator by e-mail or phone to clarify reasons for deviation or to 
request entry of missing data. When the investigator receives an inquiry, a response should be 
received at Novo Nordisk within 24 hours (on workdays). In addition, Novo Nordisk will monitor 
changes in HbA1C. Novo Nordisk may visit or phone sites to discuss progress in glycaemic control 
and titration of individual subjects.
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Country-specific Requirements
Appendix 10
For Germany: Subject's full Date of Birth is not allowed to be collected and must be shortened to 
Year of Birth.
For Spain: Clinical trial documentation must be retained 25 years according to the new Spanish 
Royal Decree 1090/2015.
For US: Eye examinations: Funduscopy/fundusphotography will be performed by the Investigator 
or a local Ophthalmologist/Optometrist according to local practice.
For Poland: Novo Nordisk carries liability for the trial exclusively in the scope defined by the 
applicable laws and in particular by the Civil Code and the Pharmaceutical Law dated 6 September 
2001 (uniform version Journal of Laws of 2008 No.45 item 271 with amendments). In order to 
support potential claims for liability attributable to the Trial, Novo Nordisk and investigator are 
covered by Insurance Policy issued according to applicable Polish law.
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Protocol amendment history
Appendix 11
The protocol amendment summary of changes table for the current updated protocol is located 
directly before the Table of Contents.
Updated protocol including amendment 1 (01 February 2019)
This amendment is considered to be substantial based on the criteria set forth in Article 10(a) of 
Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union1.
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Global and country key Novo Nordisk staff
Attachments I and II (if applicable) to the protocol are located in the Trial Master File.
Content: Global key staff and Country key staff
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Clinical Trial Report
Appendix 16.1.1
14 April 2020
1.0
Final
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Protocol Amendment no 1
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Protocol Amendment
no 1
to Protocol, version 2.0
dated 01 of February 2019
Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Protocol title: A trial comparing NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine U100, 
both in combination with metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors and with or without 
SGLT2 inhibitors, in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Trial phase: 2a
Applicable to all countries 
This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be 
disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.
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disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.

Protocol Amendment no 1
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Table of Contents 
1
Introduction including rationale for the protocol amendment...........................................................3
2
Changes ................................................................................................................................................3
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1
Introduction including rationale for the protocol amendment
Allowing few OADs (metformin and DPP4i) in the target population was to aim for a pure and 
homogeneous population. Current clinical practice however has moved towards increasing the use 
of other OADs as SGLT2i prior to initiating insulin. We therefore update the protocol to align with 
clinical practice. With allowing metformin, DPP4i and SGLT2i the protocol will closer reflect the 
clinical practice while at the same time securing a relatively homogeneous population.
2
Changes
In this protocol amendment:
!
Any new text is written in italics.
!
Any text deleted from the protocol is written using strike through.
Title, frontpage: 
A trial comparing NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine U100, both in 
combination with metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors and with or without SGLT2 
inhibitors, in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Introduction, Background [3.2]:
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) 
SGLT2i can be used as second line OADs in combination with Metformin. SGLT2i provide insulin-
independent glucose lowering by blocking glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule by 
inhibiting SGLT2. For further details, please refer to the EMA Summary of Products 
Characteristics for the relevant SGLT2i or locally approved Product Information.
Inclusion criteria [6]:
5.
Stable daily dose(s) for 90 days prior to the day of screening of any of the following anti-
diabetic drug(s) or combination regime(s):
o
Any metformin formulations ≥ 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose (as 
documented in subjects medical records).
o
Free or fixed combination therapy:  Metformin as outlined above  ± DPP4i ± 
SGLT2i is allowed:

DPP4i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or
maximum tolerated or effective dose)

SGLT2i (≥ half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or 
maximum tolerated or effective dose 
Objectives and endpoints, Primary objective [4.1.1.]:
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To compare the effect on glycaemic control of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 different titration 
algorithms, versus once daily insulin glargine U100, both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i 
± SGLT2i in insulin-naïve T2DM subjects.
Objectives and endpoints, Secondary objective [4.1.2]:
To compare the safety and tolerability of once weekly insulin 287 using 3 different titration 
algorithms versus once daily insulin glargine U100 both in combination with metformin ± DPP4i
± SGLT2i in insulin-naïve T2DM subjects.
Trial design, overall design [5.1]
Subjects will be randomised in a 1:1:1:1 manner to receive once weekly insulin 287 using one of 
the 3 titration algorithms A, B or C, or once daily insulin glargine U100 (algorithm D). See titration 
guideline Appendix 9 for further information. Subjects will be stratified based on whether or not 
they are treated with SGLT2i.
Statistical considerations, statistical analyses [10.3]
!
Treatment: titration algorithm A, titration algorithm B, titration algorithm C, insulin 
glargine U100 (titration algorithm D) 
!
SGLT2i has two levels (yes and no)
Statistical considerations, primary endpoint [10.3]
!
For each of the complete data sets, the primary endpoint will be analysed using an 
ANOVA model with randomised treatment and use of SGLT2i (yes/no) as fixed factors 
and baseline '‘time in target range'’ as covariate. The estimates and standard deviations 
for the 1000 data sets will be pooled to one estimate and associated standard deviation 
using Rubin’s rule.
Throughout protocol section 1-10: when mentioning background medication ± SGLT2i has been 
added.
END OF AMENDMENT 1
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Protocol Amendment no 2
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Protocol Amendment
no 2
to Protocol, version 1
dated 29 November 2018
Trial ID: NN1436-4465
A trial comparing NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine U100,
both in combination with metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors, in
insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Trial phase: 2a
Applicable to Germany
This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be 
disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.
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disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant 
parties.

Protocol Amendment no 2
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Table of Contents   
1
Introduction including rationale for the protocol amendment...........................................................3
2
Changes ................................................................................................................................................3
2.1
Section 3.3.2 Risks....................................................................................................................3
2.2
Section 3.3.3 Conclusion on the benefit risk profile...................................................................5
2.3
Section 5.5 Justification for dose...............................................................................................5
2.4
Section 11 References ...............................................................................................................6
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1
Introduction including rationale for the protocol amendment
This protocol amendment is to update protocol version 1.0 from 29-Nov-2018 to implement the 
objections received from the German Health Authority BfArM. 
This protocol is amended for the following reasons:
!
Inclusion of further clarification on the observation of hypersensitivity reactions in trial 
NN1436-4057. Explanation regarding different formulations of insulin 287 used in 
NN1436-4057 (formulation A) and NN1436-4314 (formulation C). Confirmation that no 
hypersensitivity reactions have been observed with the current formulation C in trial 
NN1436-4314.
!
Additional information on introduction of event adjudication by an independent adjudication 
committee of experts for hypersensitivity reactions to ensure standardised and objective 
assessment.
!
Further explanation that the potency of one unit (U) of insulin 287 is comparable to one unit 
(U) of insulin glargine U100, considering the different dosing schemes.
In this protocol amendment:
!
Any new text is written in italics.
!
Any text deleted from the protocol is written using strike through.
2
Changes
2.1
Section 3.3.2 Risks
Identified risks for insulin 287 describe undesirable clinical outcomes, for which there is sufficient 
evidence that they are caused by insulin 287. Potential risks in this section describe undesirable 
clinical outcomes, for which there is scientific evidence to suspect the possibility of a causal 
relationship with insulin 287, but where there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that this 
association is causal.12
Identified risks
!
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia is a common undesirable effect related to the pharmacological mechanism of 
insulin. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia in this trial, daily pre-breakfast plasma glucose 
measurements will be made throughout drug exposure, and will prevent worsening of 
hypoglycaemia by early detection and administration of carbohydrates and medical treatment, if 
necessary.
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Potential risks
!
Injection site reactions
Injection site reactions may occur with all injectable drugs. No injection site reactions were reported 
in trial NN1436-4314 with insulin 287. However, in this trial investigators and subjects will be 
asked to pay careful attention to injection site reactions at the place of injection; investigators 
should ensure careful monitoring and medical evaluation in case of injection site reaction 
occurrence. For further information on injection site reactions, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Hypersensitivity reactions
Severe systemic hypersensitivity reactions may potentially occur following injection of therapeutic 
proteins. Multiple doses of once-weekly insulin 287 (previous formulation A) in the dose range of 
9–27 nmol/kg were generally well-tolerated by subjects with T2DM in trial NN1436-4057. 
However, the trial was put on hold due to 3 subjects experiencing hypersensitivity reactions. 
Trial NN1436-4314 was very similar to trial NN1436-4057, but with an optimised formulation of 
insulin 287 (formulation C) in subjects with T2DM. No hypersensitivity reactions were reported in 
trial NN1436-4314 with insulin 287. During the treatment period in this trial, subjects will have 
weekly contacts with the site, either at visits to the site or phone contacts. Subjects and investigators 
will be instructed for signs and symptoms of allergic reactions. and Subjects will be instructed to 
contact the site immediately in case of signs of hypersensitivity. For further information on 
hypersensitivity reactions, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Antibody formation leading to change in clinical effect
An increase in anti-insulin 287 specific antibodies and anti-human insulin antibodies were 
observed, for some subjects in trial NN1436-4314 trial with insulin 287. No hypersensitivity 
reactions were observed in this trial. Moreover, in trial NN1436-4314 higher antibody levels 
seemed to be associated with a longer terminal half-life and reduced clearance for insulin 287. In 
case of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction, blood sampling for assessment of antibodies against 
insulin 287 will be conducted. For more information, please refer to section 9.4.6.
!
Increase in hepatic enzymes
Transient increases in hepatic enzymes, upon initiation of s.c. insulin are considered as potential 
risks due to the pharmacological mechanism of insulin. An increase in hepatic enzyme was 
observed in nonclinical studies in rats and dogs. No clinically significant changes in hepatic 
biomarkers have been observed in humans, following the administration of insulin 287. In this trial, 
measurements of hepatic biomarkers will be performed at frequent intervals. 
More detailed information about the known and expected benefits and risks and reasonably 
expected adverse events of insulin 287, may be found in the investigator’s brochure and any updates 
hereof.6
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Protocol Amendment no 2
CONFIDENTIAL
Date:
21 March 2019
Novo Nordisk
Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Version:
1.0
Status:
Final
Page:
5 of 6
2.2
Section 3.3.3 Conclusion on the benefit risk profile
Based on the nonclinical and clinical development programme, it has been concluded that 
insulin 287, is similar to human insulin with respect to pharmacological action and nonclinical 
safety.
Hypersensitivity reactions were observed with a previous formulation A (see 
Investigator’s Brochure for insulin 2876), which was subsequently optimised to the current 
formulation C. No hypersensitivity reactions have been observed with the current formulation C in 
the concluded trial NN1436-4314.
Event adjudication for hypersensitivity reactions (local reactions, including injection site reactions 
and systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis) is introduced in the present trial to ensure 
standardised and objective assessment by an independent adjudication committee of experts within 
the specialty.
Insulin 287 was generally well tolerated within the evaluated dose ranges in the first-in-human, 
single dose escalation trial (NN1436-3955, previous formulation A), conducted in healthy subjects 
and in subjects with type 1 diabetes and as well as in the multiple dose trial in subjects with T2DM 
using formulation C (NN1436-4314).
No safety concerns have been observed with insulin 287; Neither elevation in hepatic enzymes nor 
clinical consequences following antibody formation have been reported with insulin 287. With 
insulin 287 formulation C, no hypersensitivity reactions and injection site reactions were observed
in the completed trial. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia in this trial, daily plasma glucose 
measurements will be made throughout drug exposure. Therefore, it can be concluded that the risk 
to the subjects in this trial is considered low. The risk is acceptable in view of the benefits, a basal 
insulin with a longer action profile than currently available would provide, to subjects with diabetes. 
The overall benefit-risk profile of insulin 287 is anticipated to be favourable.6
2.3
Section 5.5 Justification for dose
Insulin glargine U100 will be initiated at 10U once daily and insulin 287 will be initiated at 70U 
once weekly. One unit (U) of insulin 287 has similar glucose lowering effect as one U of a standard 
insulin analogue, such as insulin glargine U100, and therefore once weekly dosing corresponds to 
7 times the daily dose, of the once daily comparator. The assumption of equipotency is supported by 
results from trial NN1436-4314: in the period 24–48 hours after dosing, i.e. around the time for 
maximum glucose-lowering effect, the relative bio-efficacy of insulin 287 compared to OD 
insulin degludec was 109% [81; 146], and in the last 24 hours of the weekly dosing interval it was 
93% [63; 136]. The potency of insulin degludec and insulin glargine (U100) has previously shown 
to be comparable.31 Insulin glargine U100 starting dose is based on the directions for use.7,8
CONFIDENTIAL

Protocol Amendment no 2
CONFIDENTIAL
Date:
21 March 2019
Novo Nordisk
Trial ID: NN1436-4465
Version:
1.0
Status:
Final
Page:
6 of 6
The starting dose is considered to be safe for insulin-naïve subjects with T2DM. The PK/PD 
properties of insulin 287 following 5 weeks, of once weekly dosing in subjects with T2DM in the 
clinical trial NN1436-4314 showed that insulin 287 exposure was well distributed across the dosing 
interval, with a PK profile suitable for once weekly dosing. Insulin 287 was well tolerated in 
subjects with T2DM and no safety concerns were identified after multiple once weekly dosing, in 
the dose range of 12−24 nmol/kg (2-4U/kg).
After randomisation at V2, subjects will start insulin 287 and insulin glargine U100 injections on 
the same day. This treatment will continue until 15 weeks after randomisation. At this time point the 
last weekly injection of insulin 287, must be taken while the daily insulin glargine U100 injections 
are taken until 16 weeks after randomisation, where the subjects come in for the end of treatment 
visit (V18). This is due to the longer half-life of insulin 287.
Further details on dose adjustment can be found in Appendix 9, titration guideline.
2.4
Section 11 References
6.
Novo Nordisk A/S. Investigator's Brochure, NNC0148-0287 (Insulin 287), NN1436(T2D), 
(edition 5), or any updates hereof. 2018.
7. 
Sanofi-Aventis Groupe. Lantus® (insulin glargine), EU Summary of Product 
Characteristics (SmPC). 13 Jul 2018.
8.
Food and Drug Administration. Lantus - U.S. Label information. 2015.
12. 
European Medicines Agency. Guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP). 
Module V – Risk management systems (Rev 1) (EMA/838713/2011 Rev 1). 15 Apr 2014.
31. 
Novo Nordisk A/S. Tresiba ® (insulin degludec), EU Summary of Product characteristics 
(SmPC). Feb 2018.
CONFIDENTIAL

From:
To:
NN1436-4465 ISG
Memo
27-FEB-2019
Novo Nordisk A/S
Telephone:
E-mail:
Internet:
www.novonordisk.com
CVR Number:
Page 1 of ϭ   
Vandtårnsvej 114
DK-2860 Søborg
Denmark
NN1436-4465: Notification of error in document for Amendment 1, version 1.0 
to Protocol 1.0
Please note the following document incorrectly identifies the protocol version corrected 
during Amendment 1 to Protocol Version 1.0 for NN1436-4465. 
Document Name
NovoDocs 
Document ID
NovoDocs Object ID
Dated
4465-protocol-
amendment-1-global 
01-FEBRUARY-2019
In the above document, the title page (page 1) in error references ‘Protocol 
Amendment no 1 to Protocol, version 2.0 dated 01 February 2019’. This is incorrect 
and should state ‘‘Protocol Amendment no 1 to Protocol, version 1.0 dated 29 
November 2018’ because Amendment no 1 was performed on Protocol version 1.0.
Also, the protocol title listed on the title page is currently referring to protocol version 
2.0 named “A trial comparing NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine 
U100, both in combination with metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors and with 
or without SGLT2 inhibitors, in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus”. 
The title should refer to the title of protocol version 1.0 named “A trial comparing 
NNC0148-0287 C (insulin 287) versus insulin glargine U100, both in combination with 
metformin, with or without DPP4 inhibitors, in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 
diabetes mellitus”. 
Please file this memo locally and notify relevant local authorities and ethics committees 
according to local procedures. 
Thank you,
NN1436-4465
CONFIDENTIAL