A Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of the Antiviral Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus Placebo in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Chronic Hepatitis B
Sponsor: Gilead Sciences



Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 2 
22 July 2011 
7$%/(2)&217(176
1.
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................15
1.1.
Background.....................................................................................................................................15
1.2.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Tenofovir DF).............................................................................18
1.2.1.
General Information......................................................................................................18
1.2.2.
Pre-Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology .................................................................18
1.2.3.
Clinical Trials of Tenofovir DF.....................................................................................21
1.3.
Rationale for the Current Study and Dose Selection.......................................................................29
1.3.1.
Rationale for Dose Selection.........................................................................................30
1.3.2.
Rationale for Bone Mineral Density Evaluations..........................................................31
2.
OBJECTIVES..............................................................................................................................................32
3.
STUDY DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................33
4.
SUBJECT POPULATION...........................................................................................................................36
4.1.
Number of Subjects and Subject Selection .....................................................................................36
4.2.
Inclusion Criteria ............................................................................................................................36
4.3.
Exclusion Criteria ...........................................................................................................................37
5.
STUDY DRUGS..........................................................................................................................................40
5.1.
Randomization, Blinding and Unblinding ......................................................................................40
5.2.
Description and Handling of Study Drugs – Tenofovir DF Tablet/Oral Powder and 
Matching Placebos..........................................................................................................................41
5.2.1.
Formulation...................................................................................................................41
5.2.2.
Packaging and Labeling ................................................................................................42
5.2.3.
Storage and Handling....................................................................................................43
5.3.
Dosage and Administration of Study Drugs ...................................................................................43
5.3.1.
Dosing Recommendation – Tenofovir DF or Matching Placebo 
Tablet ............................................................................................................................44
5.3.2.
Dosing Recommendation - Oral Powder.......................................................................45
5.4.
Prior and Concomitant Medications................................................................................................46
5.4.1.
Prior to Study Entry ......................................................................................................46
5.4.2.
During the Study ...........................................................................................................46
5.5.
Study Drug Accountability .............................................................................................................47
5.6.
Study Drug Return or Disposal.......................................................................................................47
6.
STUDY PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................................48
6.1.
Subject Enrollment and Treatment Assignment..............................................................................48
6.1.1.
Screening Visit..............................................................................................................48
6.1.2.
Baseline Assessments....................................................................................................50
6.2.
Treatment Assessments...................................................................................................................51
6.2.1.
Week 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 56, 64 Assessments .............................................................51
6.2.2.
Week 48 Assessments...................................................................................................53
6.2.3.
Week 72 Assessments – End of Blinded Randomized Treatment ................................54
6.2.4.
Assessments for Weeks 80, 88, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 ........................55
6.2.5.
Week 192 Assessments.................................................................................................57
6.3.
Post-Treatment/Treatment-Free Follow-up Assessments ...............................................................58
6.3.1.
Six-Month Post-Treatment Follow-Up Assessments ....................................................58
6.3.2.
Assessments for Premature Discontinuation from the Study (Early 
Study Drug Discontinuation Visit)................................................................................59
6.4.
Bone Mineral Density .....................................................................................................................59
6.5.
Bone Biochemical Markers.............................................................................................................60

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 3 
22 July 2011 
6.6.
Pharmacokinetic Assessment..........................................................................................................60
6.7.
Serum and Plasma for Storage ........................................................................................................61
6.8.
Resistance Surveillance...................................................................................................................61
6.9.
Criteria for Discontinuation of Study Treatment ............................................................................61
7.
ADVERSE EVENTS AND TOXICITY MANAGEMENT........................................................................62
7.1.
Adverse Events ...............................................................................................................................62
7.2.
Assessment of Adverse Events .......................................................................................................63
7.3.
Serious Adverse Events ..................................................................................................................63
7.3.1.
Overdose .......................................................................................................................65
7.4.
Serious Adverse Event Reporting Requirements ............................................................................65
7.4.1.
All Serious Adverse Events...........................................................................................65
7.4.2.
Investigator and Sponsor Reporting Requirements for SAEs .......................................66
7.4.3.
Post-Study Reporting Requirements .............................................................................67
7.5.
Clinical Laboratory Abnormalities and Other Abnormal Assessments as Adverse Events 
or Serious Adverse Events ..............................................................................................................67
7.6.
Toxicity Management .....................................................................................................................67
7.6.1.
Grades 1 and 2 Laboratory Abnormality or Clinical Event...........................................68
7.6.2.
Grade 3 Laboratory Abnormality or Clinical Event......................................................68
7.6.3.
Grade 4 Laboratory Abnormality or Clinical Event......................................................68
7.6.4.
Management of Elevated Serum Creatinine and Decreased Creatinine 
Clearance.......................................................................................................................69
7.6.5.
Special Considerations During Blinded Treatment – Grade 4 ALT 
Management..................................................................................................................70
7.6.6.
On-Treatment ALT Flare and Post-Treatment Exacerbation of 
Hepatitis Management ..................................................................................................70
7.7.
Risks for Women of Childbearing Potential or During Pregnancy.................................................73
7.7.1.
Definition of Childbearing Potential .............................................................................73
7.7.2.
Contraceptive Requirements .........................................................................................73
7.7.3.
Procedures to be Followed in the Event of Pregnancy..................................................74
8.
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS.........................................................................................................76
8.1.
Analysis Objectives.........................................................................................................................76
8.2.
Primary Endpoint............................................................................................................................76
8.3.
Secondary Endpoints.......................................................................................................................76
8.4.
Other Endpoints of Interest.............................................................................................................77
8.5.
Methods of Analysis .......................................................................................................................77
8.5.1.
Analysis Sets.................................................................................................................78
8.5.2.
Data Handling Conventions ..........................................................................................78
8.5.3.
Interim Analysis............................................................................................................78
8.6.
Demographic Data and Baseline Characteristics ............................................................................79
8.7.
Efficacy Analysis............................................................................................................................79
8.7.1.
Primary Analysis...........................................................................................................79
8.7.2.
Secondary Analyses ......................................................................................................79
8.8.
Safety Analysis ...............................................................................................................................79
8.8.1.
Extent of Exposure........................................................................................................80
8.8.2.
Adverse Events..............................................................................................................80
8.8.3.
Laboratory Evaluations .................................................................................................81
8.8.4.
Analyses of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Biochemical Markers............................81
8.9.
Sample Size.....................................................................................................................................81
8.10.
Data Monitoring Committee ...........................................................................................................82
9.
RESPONSIBILITIES ..................................................................................................................................83
9.1.
Investigator Responsibilities ...........................................................................................................83

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 4 
22 July 2011 
9.1.1.
Good Clinical Practice ..................................................................................................83
9.1.2.
Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee Approval .........................83
9.1.3.
Informed Consent/Assent..............................................................................................84
9.1.4.
Confidentiality ..............................................................................................................84
9.1.5.
Study Files and Retention of Records...........................................................................84
9.1.6.
Case Report Forms........................................................................................................85
9.1.7.
Drug Accountability......................................................................................................85
9.1.8.
Inspections ....................................................................................................................86
9.1.9.
Protocol Compliance.....................................................................................................86
9.2.
Sponsor Responsibilities.................................................................................................................86
9.2.1.
Protocol Modifications..................................................................................................86
9.2.2.
Study Report and Publications ......................................................................................86
9.3.
Joint Investigator/Sponsor Responsibilities ....................................................................................87
9.3.1.
Access to Information for Monitoring...........................................................................87
9.3.2.
Access to Information for Auditing or Inspections .......................................................87
9.3.3.
Study Discontinuation...................................................................................................87
10.
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................88
11.
APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................................98

Appendix 1.
Investigator Signature Page...........................................................................................99
Appendix 2.
Study Procedures Table...............................................................................................100
Appendix 3.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments ................................................................................103
Appendix 4.
GSI Grading Scale for Severity of Adverse Events and 
Laboratory Abnormalities ...........................................................................................105
Appendix 5.
Management of Clinical and Laboratory Adverse Events...........................................125
Appendix 6.
Lactic Acidosis Guidelines..........................................................................................126
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Table 5-1.
Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric Patients t2 Years of Age 
and Weighing t17 kg Using VIREAD Tablets.............................................................44
Table 5-2.
Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric Patients t2 Years of Age 
Using VIREAD Oral Powder........................................................................................45
Table 7-1.
Protocol-Recommended Contraceptive Methods..........................................................74


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Figure 3-1.
Study Schema................................................................................................................35


Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 5 
22 July 2011 
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A Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of the Antiviral Efficacy, 
Safety, and Tolerability of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus 
Placebo in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection 
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2007-003704-35
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Approximately 35 centers in North America, Europe, and Asia 
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The primary objective of this study is: 
x To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of tenofovir DF versus 
placebo in pediatric patients (aged 2 to < 12 years, at the time 
of enrollment) with chronic hepatitis B infection 
Secondary objectives are: 
x To characterize the safety and tolerability profile of tenofovir 
DF in pediatric patients (aged 2 to < 12 years, at the time of 
enrollment) with chronic hepatitis B infection 
x To evaluate the biochemical and serological responses to 
tenofovir DF versus placebo 
x To evaluate the incidence of potential resistance mutations to 
tenofovir DF in the hepatitis B virus polymerase 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 6 
22 July 2011 
6WXG\'HVLJQ
This is a Phase 3, randomized, prospective, double-blind study 
comparing the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 
tenofovir DF to placebo in pediatric patients with chronic HBV 
infection. One hundred (100) tenofovir DF-naïve pediatric patients 
aged 2 to < 12 years, at the time of enrollment, with chronic HBV 
infection(either HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative), HBV 
DNA t 105 copies/mL AND either ALT t 2 × ULN at screening 
OR any history of ALT t 2 × ULN over the past d 24 months will 
be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment arm A or B: 
x Treatment A (n = 50): tenofovir DF PO once daily for 
72 weeks 
x Treatment B (n = 50): matching placebo PO once daily for 
72 weeks 
After 72 weeks of blinded randomized treatment, each subject will 
switch to open-label tenofovir DF treatment for an additional 
120 weeks. 
Randomization will be stratified by age (2 to < 6 and 6 to < 12, at 
the time of enrollment), geographical location of study site (North 
America/Europe and Asia) and, treatment naïve and treatment 
experience. 
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Tenofovir DF tablets or oral powder, and their corresponding 
matching placebos will be provided by the Sponsor. During either 
the blinded randomized treatment or the open-label tenofovir DF 
treatment period, subjects whose body weight increases to t 17 kg 
may be switched from the oral powder to the tenofovir DF tablet 
(or matching placebo tablet, if applicable).
Subjects must be naive to tenofovir DF, but could have received 
interferon-alfa and/or other oral anti-HBV nucleoside/nucleotide 
therapy. Subjects experienced on oral anti-HBV 
nucleoside/nucleotide therapy must have discontinued therapy 
t 16 weeks prior to screening. Subjects must have discontinued 
interferon-alfa  t 6 months prior to screening. 
Subjects who experience a Grade 4 ALT elevation while on 
blinded study medication will be evaluated weekly with serum 
chemistry and liver function test monitoring. In the event that any 
subject has a sustained Grade 4 ALT for t 16 weeks (i.e., failure to 
resolve ALT to grade d 3 or baseline), the serial HBV DNA values 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 7 
22 July 2011 
6WXG\'HVLJQFRQW
on study will be provided to the investigator, and the subject can be 
offered open-label tenofovir DF after discussion with the Gilead 
Medical Monitor. Such events should be recorded as an adverse 
event (AE) leading to study drug discontinuation. 
All subjects will take a multivitamin containing vitamin D 600 IU 
(to be provided by the study) once daily during the study. 
The primary analysis will be conducted at the completion of 
double-blinded treatment, after the last randomized subject reaches 
Week 72. Subsequently, ongoing efficacy and safety analyses of all 
subjects continuing on open-label tenofovir DF will be performed 
after the last randomized subject reaches Weeks 144 and 192, 
respectively. 
During the blinded portion of the study, HBV DNA results will not 
be distributed to investigators, subjects, or clinical research 
personnel involved with the clinical conduct of the study. The only 
exception, as mentioned earlier, will be in the event of a subject 
having Grade 4 ALT values that persist for 16 weeks and in the 
case of an ALT flare, both of which are considered situations of 
medical need, such that the patient’s serial HBV DNA values from 
the Screening visit through the time of the event will be made 
available to the investigator. 
An external independent multidisciplinary Data Monitoring 
Committee (DMC) will review the progress and safety of this 
study approximately every 24 weeks following the time of 
randomization of the first subject. At each meeting, the DMC will 
review routine safety and DEXA data and will make 
recommendations regarding modification of study treatment. 
Number of Subjects 
Planned:
One hundred (100) subjects, randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 
treatment with tenofovir DF or placebo 
Target Population: 
Pediatric subjects, aged 2 to < 12, at the time of enrollment, with 
chronic HBV infection 
Duration of 
Treatment: 
Subjects will be treated with blinded randomized therapy for 
72 weeks (1.5 years), followed by an additional 120 weeks 
(2.5 years) of open-label tenofovir DF therapy. The duration for a 
given subject is at least 4 years (each subject will receive a total of 
192 weeks of study drug treatment). 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 8 
22 July 2011 
Diagnosis and Main 
Eligibility Criteria: 
At screening, pediatric subjects (2 to < 12 years of age, at the time 
of enrollment) with chronic HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative 
HBV infection (HBsAg-positive for at least 6 months;with HBV 
DNA t 105 copies/mL AND either ALT t 2 × ULN at screening 
OR any history of ALT t 2 × ULN over the past d 24 months, and 
creatinine clearance t 80 mL/min/1.73 m2 will be eligible for the 
study. Subjects must be naive to tenofovir DF, but could have 
received interferon-alfa and/or other oral anti-HBV 
nucleoside/nucleotide therapies. Subjects experienced on oral anti-
HBV nucleoside/nucleotide therapy must have discontinued 
therapy t 16 weeks prior to screening. Subjects must have 
discontinued interferon-alfa t 6 months prior to screening. 
Subjects must be without serological evidence of co-infection with 
HIV, HCV or HDV. Subjects with a history of significant renal 
disease, bone disease, decompensated liver disease, evidence of 
hepatocellular carcinoma (i.e., Į-fetoprotein ! 50 ng/mL) will not 
be eligible for the study. 
Study Procedures/ 
Frequency: 
Plasma HBV DNA levels, laboratory analyses (serum chemistry, 
liver tests, hematology, and urinalysis), pregnancy test 
(post-menarchal females only), vital signs, adverse events and 
concomitant medications will be measured or assessed at 
screening, baseline, Weeks 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 
88, 96, then every 12 weeks thereafter until the end of the study 
(and at Early Discontinuation, if applicable).  
HBV serology (HBsAg, HBeAg, and reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if 
Ag negative) will be conducted at Screening, Baseline, Weeks 16, 
32, 48, 64, 72, 80, and 96, then every 12 weeks through the end of 
study (and at Early Discontinuation, if applicable).  
DEXA scans of the spine and whole body will be performed at 
Baseline, and Weeks 24, 48, 72, and 96, then annually until 
completion of the study (and at Early Discontinuation if 
applicable). Bone biochemical markers will be measured at 
Screening, Baseline, every 24 weeks through Week 96, then 
annually until the end of study (and at Early Discontinuation, if 
applicable). DEXA and bone biochemical markers will also be 
required at time of switching from placebo to tenofovir DF, if the 
last measurement was performed > 12 weeks prior to switch.  
Complete physical examinations (including Tanner Staging 
starting at Baseline) will be performed at Screening, Baseline, 
Week 24 and then every 24 weeks through the end of study (and at 
Early Discontinuation, if applicable).  

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 9 
22 July 2011 
Determination of HBV viral genotype (A-H) will be performed at 
baseline for all subjects.  
Resistance surveillance will be conducted at Baseline for all 
subjects, and attempted for all viremic subjects (HBV DNA 
t 400 copies/mL) at Weeks 72, 144, and 192 (and at Early 
Discontinuation, if applicable).
Plasma and serum for storage will be collected at every visit for 
possible pharmacokinetic and/or virological analyses (including 
resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and adherence 
assessment).
For subjects in whom a separate consent is provided, a blood 
sample for biomarker (including pharmacogenomic analysis) will 
be collected for the exploration of appropriate markers that may be 
predictive of virologic response and/or the tolerability of HBV 
therapies. 
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Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate oral tablet 
x subjects  17 kg: one tablet once daily (150, 200, 250 or 
300 mg tablets based on body weight)  
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate oral powder 
x subjects < 17 kg and subjects  17 kg who are unable to 
swallow a tablet: once daily in a dose of 8 mg/kg up to a 
maximum daily dose of 300 mg 
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Matching placebo oral tablet  
x subjects  17 kg: one tablet once daily (matching of physical 
appearance as the corresponding active tablet) 
Matching oral placebo powder  
x subjects < 17 kg and subjects  17 kg who are unable to 
swallow a tablet: once daily with matching dose  

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 10 
22 July 2011 
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Efficacy:
The primary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of patients with 
serum HBV DNA  400 copies/mL at Week 72 in each arm. 
At Week 72, the secondary endpoints are: 
x proportion of subjects with normal ALT and normalization of 
ALT 
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA 
 400 copies/mL and normal ALT 
x proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  169 copies/mL 
x proportions of subjects with HBsAg loss and seroconversion 
x proportions of subjects with HBeAg loss and seroconversion 
(HBeAg positive patients only) 
x genotypic changes from baseline within the HBV polymerase 
for subjects who were viremic (HBV DNAt 400 copies/mL) 
at Weeks 72, 144, 192 or Early Discontinuation; with 
confirmed virologic breakthrough 
Similar efficacy endpoints will also be explored at Weeks 144 and 
192.
For the primary endpoint and categorical secondary efficacy 
endpoints, missing data will be handled using a long-term 
evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm. 
Safety: 
Adverse events and clinical laboratory tests will be collected and 
characterized at every visit throughout the study. 
At Week 72, the safety endpoints are: 
x cumulative incidence of at least a 4% decrease from baseline in 
bone mineral density of lumbar spine 
x percent change from baseline in bone mineral density of 
lumbar spine 
PK:
Following 4 weeks of dosing with tenofovir DF a PK substudy will 
be performed on a subset of subjects to evaluate the PK of 
tenofovir DF. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 11 
22 July 2011 
6WDWLVWLFDO0HWKRGV
The primary efficacy analysis will be conducted at the end of 
double-blind treatment, after the last randomized subject reaches 
Week 72. The analysis will evaluate the difference in the 
proportion of subjects achieving the primary efficacy endpoint 
between the tenofovir DF and placebo treatment groups using a 
two-sided Fisher’s exact test with missing data handled using a 
long-term evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm. 
Efficacy analyses of all subjects continuing on open-label tenofovir 
DF will be performed after the last randomized subject reaches 
Weeks 144 and 192. 
Subgroup analyses of efficacy endpoints may include analyses by 
randomization stratification group (age [2 to < 6 and 6 to < 12] and 
geographical location of study site [North America/Europe, and 
Asia]), and also by presence or absence of prior oral anti-HBV 
treatment. 
The proportion of subjects in each treatment arm with an adverse 
event or an abnormal laboratory test will be summarized at 
Week 72 and also at Weeks 144 and 192. 
All continuous endpoints will be summarized using n, mean, 
standard deviation, median, Q1, Q3, minimum and maximum by 
treatment group. All categorical secondary endpoints will be 
summarized by number and percentage of subjects who meet the 
endpoint.
A sample size of 100 subjects (50 tenofovir DF, 50 placebo) would 
provide at least 85% power to detect a 20% treatment difference 
between tenofovir DF and placebo in the primary efficacy 
endpoint.  This calculation is based on a two-sided Fisher’s exact 
test with a significance level of 0.05, assuming a response rate of 
1% in the placebo group. A similar placebo-response rate was 
observed in study GS-US-174-0115. 
The following plasma pharmacokinetic parameters will be 
calculated for the substudy population: Cmax, Tmax, Clast, Tlast, Ctau, 
Oz, T½, AUC0-lastAUCtau.
This study will be conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Good Clinical Practices 
(GCPs) including archiving of essential documents. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 12 
22 July 2011 
*/266$5<2)$%%5(9,$7,216$1''(),1,7,212)7(506
qC
degrees Celsius 
qF
degrees Fahrenheit 
ACTG 
AIDS Clinical Trials Group 
ADV 
adefovir dipivoxil, Hepsera
AE 
adverse event 
ALT 
alanine aminotransferase 
ANC 
absolute neutrophil count 
AST 
aspartate aminotransferase 
E-HCG 
beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 
BMD 
bone mineral density 
BUN
blood urea nitrogen 
CBC 
complete blood count 
CHB 
Chronic hepatitis B 
CC50
median concentration curve 
Cl/F 
apparent oral clearance following administration of the drug 
CPK 
creatine phosphokinase 
CPMP 
Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products 
CRF 
Case Report Form(s) 
CRO 
Contract Research Organization 
d4T 
stavudine, Zerit
dATP 
deoxyadenosine triphosphate 
DAVG48
time-weighted average change from baseline through Week 48 
DEXA 
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry 
DHBV 
duck hepatitis B virus 
dL 
deciliter 
DMC
Data Monitoring Committee 
DNA 
deoxyribonucleic acid 
DSPH 
Drug Safety and Public Health 
EC50
median effective concentration 
ECG 
electrocardiogram 
EEG 
electroencephalogram 
EFV 
efavirenz 
EMEA 
European Medicines Evaluation Agency 
ETV 
entecavir 
EU 
European Union 
EudraCT 
European clinical trials database 
FDA 
(U.S.) Food and Drug Administration 
FTC 
emtricitabine, Emtriva

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 13 
22 July 2011 
*/266$5<2)$%%5(9,$7,216$1''(),1,7,212)7(506&217,18('
g 
gram(s) 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice (Guidelines) 
GFR 
glomerular filtration rate 
GGT 
gamma-glutamyl transferase 
HAART 
highly-active antiretroviral therapy 
HAV 
hepatitis A virus 
HBeAb 
hepatitis B early antibody 
HBeAg 
hepatitis B early antigen 
HBsAb 
hepatitis B surface antibody 
HBsAg 
hepatitis B surface antigen 
HBV 
hepatitis B virus 
HCC 
hepatocellular carcinoma 
HCV 
hepatitis C virus 
HDPE 
high-density polyethylene 
HDV 
hepatitis D virus 
HLGT 
high level group term 
HLT 
high level term 
HIV 
human immunodeficiency virus 
IC50
median inhibitory concentration 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonization 
ID 
identification 
IEC 
Independent Ethics Committee 
IL-2 
interleukin-2 
IND 
Investigational New Drug (Application) 
INR 
international normalized ratio 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
IV 
intravenous 
kg 
kilogram(s) 
Ki 
inhibition constant 
L 
liter 
LAM 
lamivudine, Epivir, Zeffix, 3TC 
LAMR 
lamivudine resistant 
LDH 
lactate dehydrogenase 
LFT 
liver function test 
LLN 
lower limit of normal 
LLOQ 
lower limit of quantification 
LLT 
lower level term 
LOD 
limit of detection 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 14 
22 July 2011 
*/266$5<2)$%%5(9,$7,216$1''(),1,7,212)7(506&217,18('
m2 
square meter(s) 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
mEq 
milliequivalent(s) 
mg 
milligram(s) 
min 
minute(s) 
mL 
milliliter(s) 
mm3 
cubic millimeter(s) 
mmol 
millimole(s) 
ng 
nanogram(s) 
NRTI 
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 
OBR 
optimized background (antiretroviral) regimen 
OLT 
orthotopic liver transplant 
PBMC 
peripheral blood mononuclear cell(s) 
PCR 
polymerase chain reaction 
PK 
pharmacokinetic 
PO
by mouth/oral (per os) 
PT 
prothrombin time 
PTH 
parathyroid hormone 
RAT 
randomized and treated 
RBC 
red blood cell 
RDA 
recommended daily allowance 
RNA 
ribonucleic acid 
SAE 
serious adverse event 
SCr 
serum creatinine 
SOC 
system organ class 
TDF 
tenofovir DF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Viread
TFV-DP 
tenofovir diphosphate 
μg 
microgram 
μM 
micromolar 
ULN 
upper limit of the normal range 
WBC 
white blood cell 
WHV 
woodchuck hepatitis virus 

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Chronic hepatitis B is a serious global health care problem and a major cause of chronic liver 
disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Worldwide, approximately 350 to 
400 million people have developed chronic hepatitis B, including approximately 1.2 million 
in the United States {10952}. Globally, approximately 1 million people die annually of 
complications of chronic hepatitis B {2331},{10952}. In the United States, an 
estimated 5,000 people die each year of complications of HBV infection {3092}.
Despite the availability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine programs in many countries, new 
hepatitis B infections are still common, even in areas of low endemnicity. For example, 
approximately 70,000 people in the United States (US) become acutely infected each year, 
according to estimates from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention {10690}.
Following acute hepatitis B infection, approximately 5% of adults and up to 90% of children 
fail to produce an immune response adequate to clear the infection; these individuals become 
chronic carriers of the virus {3273},{10665}.
Chronic hepatitis B has a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic, slowly 
progressive illness to severe, more rapidly progressive liver disease. Chronic hepatitis B may 
remain quiescent for many years. However, 15% to 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis B 
will ultimately develop serious liver disease and complications, such as cirrhosis, hepatic 
decompensation, and HCC {10952}. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the annual 
probability of developing cirrhosis varies from 0.1% to 1.0%, depending on the duration of 
active HBV replication, the severity of disease, and the presence of concomitant risk factors 
{2820}. Patients with chronic viral replication are at increased risk of complications and poor 
outcomes {10684}. Effective suppression of viral replication alters the course of the disease 
and decreases morbidity. However, the clinical benefit is lost if viral replication resumes as a 
result of emerging resistance mutations. 
Following acute hepatitis B infection, up to 90% of children become chronic carriers of the 
virus. Hepatitis B virus infection in children is usually asymptomatic, with a low rate of 
disease progression during the first 2 decades of life. There are four characteristic 
immunologic phases to this disease. In the first phase, the immune tolerant phase, patients 
have high HBV DNA levels and have detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 
hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg). The hallmark of this phase is a normal ALT. The second 
phase that follows, known as the immune active stage, is characterized by persistently 
elevated ALT levels, an indicator of liver damage, even though children may shown no signs 
or symptoms of disease. The third phase, the inactive HBsAg carrier stage, is characterized 
by undetectable or low levels of HBV DNA and the presence of anti-HBe antibodies. This 
third stage can evolve into a fourth stage, reactivation, in which ALT levels are abnormal and 
HBV DNA levels are increased. 

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The management of chronic hepatitis B in children and adolescents is still evolving {17786}.
Current consensus is that no treatment is indicated in the immune tolerant (stage 1) or the 
inactive carrier state (stage 3). For children and adolescents in stages 2 or 4, however, 
treatment may be warranted to in order to suppress viral replication and to prevent the 
emergence of complications, such as cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, and HCC. 
Although histological abnormalities are usually less severe in children than in adults, 
HBV-infected infants and children are at higher risk for the eventual development of 
cirrhosis and primary HCC. In hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, treatment 
can lead to HBeAg loss and, more rarely, anti-HBe seroconversion, with the goal of 
subsequent hepatitis HBsAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBs. Achieving durable viral 
suppression in chronic HBV infection usually requires long-term therapy, preferably utilizing 
potent regimens that limit the development of resistance. 
The optimal treatment for children and adolescents with chronic HBV infection is not well 
established. Over the past decade, interferon-alfa has been shown to be relatively effective in 
this patient population, resulting in viral suppression or HBeAg seroconversion in 20% to 
58% of treated patients, compared with 8% to 17% of untreated controls {3689},{10644}.
Interferon-alfa is administered for a treatment duration of 24 weeks in patients t 2 years of 
age, and higher response rates have been reported in western countries. Some experts 
consider interferon to be the treatment of choice, and suggest that alternative, oral agents be 
limited to clinical trials. This is in large part due to concerns over the development of drug 
resistance {17786}. Unfortunately, interferon-alfa treatment has significant limitations, 
including undesirable side effects, such as growth impairment, flu-like symptoms, 
neutropenia, and mood disturbances; inconvenient injectable dosage form; and a low rate of
efficacy in patients with higher serum HBV DNA levels or only minimally elevated ALT 
levels {3689},{10678}.
The oral nucleoside analog lamivudine is approved for the treatment of pediatric chronic 
HBV infection (ages 2 to 17 years of age) in the United States, Switzerland, and Australia. 
Lamivudine has been shown to induce a virologic response, defined by the clearance of 
HBeAg and serum HBV DNA, in 23% of treated pediatric patients after 52 weeks (compared 
to 13% of controls, p = 0.04) {3653}, with maintained HBeAg seroconversion {10644}.
Lamivudine therapy is usually administered for 1 year and continued for 6 months after 
seroconversion. In contrast to interferon alfa, lamuvidine is available in a patient-friendly 
oral dosage form, and is well tolerated, with no growth development changes observed after 
3 years of treatment {10644}. However, the long-term efficacy of lamivudine is limited by the 
development of viral resistance. As in adults, the development of the rtL180M and/or 
rtM204V/I mutations in the HBV DNA polymerase have been detected in children and 
adolescents treated with lamivudine for chronic HBV infection. In the lamivudine HBV 
pediatric pivotal trial, resistance mutations were detected in 19%, 49% and 64% of subjects 
after 1, 2, and 3 years of treatment, respectively {3653},{10954}. Hepatitis B viral resistance 
may be associated with a recurrence or acute exacerbation of hepatitis. 
The oral nucleotide analog adefovir dipivoxil is approved for the treatment of chronic HBV 
infection in adults and children t 12 years of age in the United States. Adefovir has activity 

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against both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV {14352}, {4093}, {7980}. Adefovir 
dipivoxil was evaluated in a large (n = 173 subjects) placebo-controlled, international trial in 
pediatric patients (ages 2 to 17) (Study GS-US-103-0518) {12336}. After 48 weeks of 
treatment, adefovir dipivoxil showed modest benefits over placebo in older children and 
adolescents. At 48 weeks, more adefovir dipivoxiltreated subjects in the 12 to 17 years age 
group achieved the primary efficacy endpoint (serum HBV DNA  1000 copies/mL and 
normal ALT at the end of blinded treatment), compared with placebo-treated subjects 
(23% vs. 0%, p = 0.007). In children aged 2 to 11 years, the efficacy difference between 
adefovir-treated and placebo-treated patients at the end of blinded treatment was not 
significantly significant, despite achievement of plasma adefovir concentrations in younger 
children that were comparable to those measured in older children. Adefovir dipivoxil 
treatment was well tolerated, and no subjects developed the rtA181V or rtN236T mutations 
associated with ADV resistance by Week 48. 
Entecavir and telbivudine, both oral nucleoside analogs, are approved for the treatment of 
chronic HBV infection in patients t 16 years of age in the United States and other countries. 
Cross-resistance exists between entecavir and lamivudine, requiring a higher dose of 
entecavir in patients with lamivudine-refractory HBV infection. Safety and efficacy of 
entecavir and telbivudine have not been established in pediatric and adolescent patients  16 
years of age. 
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), an oral, once-daily nucleotide analog, has antiviral 
activity against both HBV and HIV.  DF is approved for use in the treatment of chronic HBV 
infection in adults in the United States, Canada, and Europe. TDF in combination with other 
antiretroviral agents is also approved for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and in 
pediatric patients > 12 years of age in the United States and Canada. The anti-HBV activity 
of TDF is equipotent to that of adefovir dipivoxil in vitro; however, the safety profile of TDF 
allows the administration of higher doses {10665}. In two ongoing phase 3 international 
comparative trials in adults, TDF was shown to be superior to adefovir dipivoxil for the 
treatment of HBeAg-negative (GS-US-174-0102) and HBeAg-positive (GS-US-174-0103) 
patients with chronic HBV infection {11363}{11362}.
Tenofovir DF is currently being evaluated in study GS-US-174-0115, a large (n = 106 
subjects) placebo-controlled, international trial in adolescent patients (12 to 17 years). After 
72 weeks of treatment, tenofovir showed significant virologic response benefits over placebo 
(Data on file, Gilead Sciences, 2011). At 72 weeks, more tenofovir DFtreated subjects 
achieved the primary efficacy endpoint (serum HBV DNA  400 copies/mL at the end of 
blinded treatment), compared with placebo-treated subjects (88.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). 
Tenofovir DF treatment was well tolerated.and no patients met the primary safety endpoint of 
a 6% decrease in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). As expected for an adolescent 
population, both arms experienced an overall increase in mean lumbar spine BMD. Both 
populations also experienced an overall increase in mean whole body BMD; however, the 
percent increase in whole body BMD in tenofovir-treated subjects was less than the percent 
increase in whole body BMD attained by placebo-treated subjects (2.8% [TDF] vs. 5.4% 
[Placebo],   p = 0.013). 

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With the possibility that antiviral and biochemical response in adolescents might be 
attainable in pediatric chronic HBV infected patients, a study in pediatric patients between 
2 to11 years is proposed.  Because the spontaneous clearance rate is significant but somewhat 
variable in this age group and serious complications of chronic HBV often require years to 
develop, and with no consensus regarding optimal timing of treatment in pediatric patients, a 
placebo-controlled study allows clearer conclusions regarding efficacy without putting 
patients at undue risk. In order to better define the safety profile of TDF, a more thorough 
analysis of the bone effects of TDF on adolescent subjects (12 to 17 years) with chronic HBV 
will be completed before proceeding in patients with chronic HBV age 2 to < 12. 
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Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF; 9-[(R)-2-[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl) 
oxy]methoxy]phosphi-nyl] methoxy]propyl] adenine fumarate (1:1); GS4331-05) is an oral 
prodrug (bisPOC-PMPA) of tenofovir (PMPA), an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 
(nucleotide) analogue of adenosine 5’-monophosphate. Tenofovir DF has activity against 
HBV and HIV and is indicated for use in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the 
treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. 
Tenofovir DF (300 mg once daily) was approved by the US FDA in October 2001, the 
European Commission in February 2002, and other markets worldwide for use in 
combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Cumulative 
patient exposure to tenofovir DF since first marketing approval in the US on 26 October 
2001 to 31 July 2007 is estimated to be more than 3 million patient-years of treatment. 
Tenofovir DF is approved for the treatment of CHB in adults in the United States, Canada, 
the EU, Turkey, Australia/New Zealand, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore; marketing 
applications are also under review in other regions. 
Further information is available in the Investigator’s Brochure for tenofovir DF and the 
Package Insert for Viread.{16282}

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1.2.2.1.
Mechanism of Action 
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is an oral prodrug of tenofovir (PMPA), an acyclic 
nucleotide (nucleoside monophosphate) analogue. Tenofovir DF is converted to tenofovir by 
serum esterases. Intracellularly, tenofovir is then converted through two phosphorylation 
reactions to its active phosphorylated anabolite, tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP), an obligate 
chain terminator {1574}. Tenofovir is efficiently anabolized to TFV-DP in human hepatic 
cells, and has a half-life of 95 hours in primary human hepatocytes {9266}. TFV-DP inhibits 
recombinant HBV polymerase with a Ki of 0.18 PM {9266}. TFV-DP inhibits viral 
polymerases by direct binding competition with the natural deoxyribonucleotide substrate 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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(deoxyadenosine triphosphate - dATP) and, after incorporation into DNA, by DNA chain 
termination {1131}. TFV-DP is a very weak inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases Į, ȕ,
and mitochondrial DNA polymerase Ȗ {2516},{1131}.
1.2.2.2.
Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity 
Tenofovir is a potent and selective inhibitor of HBV in vitro. The in vitro antiviral activity of 
tenofovir against an HBV laboratory strain was assessed in the HepG2 2.2.15 cell line. The 
EC50 values (50% effective concentration) for tenofovir were in the range of 0.14 to 1.5 PM,
with CC50 (50% cytotoxicity concentration) values ! 100 PM. In a parallel analysis, tenofovir 
inhibited various wild-type HBV clinical isolates with a comparable activity (Report No. 
PC-174-2005). It also inhibited replication of duck HBV (DHBV) in primary duck 
hepatocytes with an EC50 of 0.11 PM {10}. As observed with anti-HIV-1 activity, the 
prodrug tenofovir DF had a 55-fold increased in vitro potency against HBV in comparison 
with tenofovir {9266}.
Tenofovir demonstrated anti-HBV activity similar to adefovir in the same cell lines. TFV-DP 
and adefovir diphosphate also showed comparable inhibition constants for HBV polymerase 
in enzyme assays. The EC50 values of lamivudine for HBV are approximately 10-fold lower 
than that of tenofovir in same cell lines. However, the inhibition constants of TFV-DP and 
lamivudine triphosphate for HBV polymerase were similar, suggesting that the intrinsic 
anti-HBV potency of tenofovir is similar to that of lamivudine. The higher EC50 values of 
tenofovir versus lamivudine in cell culture may be attributed to the lower cell permeability of 
the negatively-charged molecule of tenofovir. 
Using HBV-expressing cell lines (Report Nos. PC-174-2006, PC-164-2004) {6870},
tenofovir demonstrated additive to slightly synergistic anti-HBV activity when tested in 
combination with nucleoside anti-HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Specifically, 
tenofovir in combination with lamivudine, telbivudine, entecavir and adefovir, each produced 
additive anti-HBV activity (Report Nos. PC-174-2006, PC-164-2004) {6870}. The 
combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine demonstrated additive to slightly synergistic anti-
HBV activity (Report No. PC-174-2006). 
The anti-viral activity of tenofovir was also evaluated in woodchucks chronically infected 
with WHV in short-term (4 weeks) {8176} and long-term (48 weeks) antiviral efficacy 
studies (Report No. PC-174-2004). Oral administration of tenofovir DF at 0.5, 1.5, and 
5.0 mg/kg of body weight/day for 4 weeks reduced serum viral load significantly, at 
0.2 (p  0.01), 1.1 (p  0.01), and 1.5 log10 (p  0.05) from the pretreatment levels {8176}.
Oral administration of tenofovir DF at 15 mg/kg for 48 weeks resulted in a mean serum viral 
load reduction of 2.9 log10 copies/mL of WHV DNA. Administration of tenofovir DF in 
combination with lamivudine or emtricitabine for 48 weeks resulted in a mean serum viral 
load reduction of 5.8 and 6.1 log10, respectively. Over the 48-week dosing period, there was 
no evidence of toxicity in woodchucks treated with tenofovir DF, either alone or in 
combination (Report No. PC-174-2004). 

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1.2.2.3.
Resistance 
Hepatitis B virus resistance to tenofovir is yet to be identified. An rtA194T mutation was 
reported to emerge in two patients receiving antiretroviral treatments including tenofovir DF, 
and an in vitro susceptibility assay indicated reduced susceptibility to tenofovir {8380}. The 
patients developed this mutation in the background of the rtL180MrtM204V lamivudine-
associated mutations, and its development was not clearly associated with HBV viral load 
rebound. To further characterize the rtA194T mutation, viruses containing the rtA194T 
mutation alone or in combination with the rtL180MrtM204V lamivudine resistance 
mutations were created and their in vitro tenofovir susceptibilities were tested in parallel with 
the parent wild-type and lamivudine-resistant strains. The data showed that rtA194T 
mutation alone had no significant effect on tenofovir susceptibility (1.5-fold increase in 
tenofovir EC50). The rtA194T mutation in combination with the rtL180MrtM204V
mutations led to a 2.4-fold increase in tenofovir EC50, which was not significantly different 
than the 2.1-fold increase observed against virus containing the rtL180M+rtM204V 
mutations alone (Report No. PC-104-2012) {9266}. Various clinical studies have shown 
potent inhibition of lamivudine-resistant HBV by tenofovir DF, suggesting that a 2- to 3- fold 
change in in vitro susceptibility to tenofovir is not clinically relevant. Other mutations have 
not been reported to date. 
Four major patterns of lamivudine resistance mutations, rtL180M/rtM204V, 
rtV173L/rtL180M/rtM204V, rtL180M/rtM204I, and rtM204I have been identified in patients 
who failed lamivudine therapy {6868}. In cell-based assays, HBV laboratory strains {6868},
{8381}, {8016}, {9266}, as well as those identified in clinical isolates {10916}, {10426},
{7060} expressing the rtV173L, rtL180M, and rtM204I/V mutations, showed a susceptibility 
to tenofovir ranging from 0.7 to 3.4-fold that of wild-type virus. 
Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil is associated with development of the rtA181V/T and/or 
rtN236T mutations in the HBV reverse transcriptase. These mutations resulted in a 2.9- to 
4.5-fold, respectively, reduced sensitivity to tenofovir in vitro {10926}, {9266}, {8016},
{7788}. The effects on susceptibility to tenofovir by other adefovir resistance associated 
mutations or combinations of mutations (rtA181T, rtA181V/rtN236T and rtA181T/rtN236T) 
were also evaluated using stably transfected cell lines. The results demonstrated a reduction 
in susceptibility to tenofovir of 1.5-, 10.0- and 3.0-fold each, respectively {10926}. The 
clinical significance of these in vitro results is currently unknown. 
The mutations conferring resistance to entecavir have been identified as changes at rtI169T, 
rtT184G, rtS202I/G and/or rtM250V in combination with the pre-existing lamivudine 
resistance mutations UW/0UW09, {8683}, {10466}, {10804}. In vitro phenotypic 
analysis showed that the tested entecavir resistance mutations resulted in increased EC50
values for tenofovir ranging from 0.6- to 6.9-fold (Report No. PC-174-2003), {10946},
{10916}.
Virus harboring combinations of mutations resulting in resistance to both lamivudine and 
adefovir (rtV173L/rtL180M/rtA181V/rtN236T) were observed to emerge in a patient 

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receiving combination therapy with these drugs. Virus obtained from this patient remained 
susceptible to inhibition by tenofovir in vitro {10425}, {10916}. Virus containing the 
rtL180M+rtM204V+rtN236T mutations created in a laboratory strain of HBV had greatly 
impaired replication capacity. These mutations resulted in a 4.4-fold increase in the tenofovir 
EC50 in vitro {8016}.
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1.2.3.1.
Gilead Sciences Sponsored Clinical Trials of Tenofovir DF in HBV Mono-
infected Subjects 
There are 6 completed and 3 ongoing Gilead Sciences sponsored clinical trials that are 
designed to study the safety and antiviral activity of tenofovir DF as monotherapy or in 
combination with emtricitabine in subjects mono-infected with HBV. 
1.2.3.1.1.
Study GS-US-174-0102: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled 
Evaluation of Tenofovir DF versus Adefovir Dipivoxil for the Treatment of 
Presumed Pre-core Mutant Chronic Hepatitis B 
Study GS-US-174-0103: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled 
Evaluation of Tenofovir DF versus Adefovir Dipivoxil for the Treatment of 
HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B 
Approval of TDF for treatment of CHB was based primarily on results from these two 
Phase 3 studies. In the initial 48 weeks of the trials, the studies evaluated safety and antiviral 
activity of TDF versus adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in 641 HBeAg- (375) and HBeAg+ (266) 
patients with compensated liver function. In Study 102 at Baseline, patients had a mean 
Knodell necroinflammatory score of 7.8, a mean HBV DNA of 6.9 log10 copies/mL, and a 
mean ALT of 140 U/L. In Study 103 at Baseline, patients had a mean Knodell 
necroinflammatory score of 8.4, a mean HBV DNA of 8.7 log10 copies/mL, and a mean ALT 
of 147 U/L. The studies are currently ongoing with all remaining subjects in their 5th year in 
the study treatment. 
In both studies at 48 weeks, TDF was superior than ADV by the comparison of subjects 
achieving complete response (HBV DNA < 400 copies/mL and histologic improvement 
characterized by  2 point reduction in the Knodell necroinflammatory score without 
increase in fibrosis) in the 2 treatment arms (102: 71% vs. 49%; 103: 66% vs. 12%). TDF 
treatment also produced superior viral suppression (HBV DNA < 400 copies/mL) compared 
to the ADV treatment (102: 93% vs. 63%; 103: 76% vs. 13%).  In Studies 102 and 103, both 
drugs produced similar results with regard to histologic improvement at Week 48. 
Normalization of ALT at the end of blinded treatment was similar in both arms of Study 102; 
however, in Study 103, the TDF treated group had a greater proportion of subjects with 
normalized ALT at Week 48.  In Study 103, a significantly greater proportion of TDF-treated 
subjects than adefovir dipivoxil-treated subjects had achieved HBsAg loss at Week 48 
(3.2% vs. 0%) {13280}.

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At the end of the Week 48 double-blind periods, all eligible subjects from both ADV and 
TDF arms in Studies 102 and 103 were switched to open-label TDF (ADV-TDF and 
TDF-TDF, respectively). The studies have been extended to 8 years. Beginning at Week 72, 
subjects with a confirmed HBV DNA  400 copies/mL were eligible to receive emtricitabine 
plus TDF combination therapy. The following describes year-4 (Week 192) data from this 
ongoing trial {16441}, {16437}.
In Study 102, 315 HBeAg- subjects completed W192 (84% retention). In an ITT analysis 
(ITT), 86% of subjects had HBV DNA <400 copies/mL (85% TDF-TDF; 87% ADV-TDF). 
In an on-treatment analysis 99% of subjects treated with TDF for 4 years had HBV DNA 
< 400 copies/mL at W192. 100% of ADV treated subjects (regardless of their prior response 
to ADV treatment, i.e., viremic or suppressed on ADV therapy at W48) responded favorably 
to TDF treatment with HBV DNA <400 copies/mL at W192. Four subjects (3 on TDF 
monotherapy) had HBV DNA 400 copies/mL at W192 or time of discontinuation. Three of 
the four subjects from Study 102 that qualified for resistance testing during Year 4 were 
confirmed to be nonadherent to study medication {6909}, {1709}, and {6852}. Resistance 
analyses showed no amino acid substitutions that could be associated with TDF resistance in 
subjects with detectable HBV DNA at W192, at discontinuation, or when FTC was added. Of 
the 12 subjects who were eligible to add FTC between W72 and W192 for confirmed HBV 
DNA 400 copies/mL, 4 subjects added FTC and 8 subjects remained on TDF monotherapy. 
Of the subjects who remained on TDF monotherapy, 6 had HBV DNA <400 copies/mL at 
W192. Overall mean ALT at W192 was 33 U/L or less than the upper limit of the normal 
laboratory range. TDF was well tolerated during both treatment periods with a safety profile 
consistent with the known safety profile of TDF. Of the 13 subjects who discontinued 
treatment during year 4, two had an AE that led to discontinuation (considered unrelated to 
TDF). Cumulatively, 4 cases (1%) of hepatocellular carcinoma were reported during 
open-label TDF treatment. Mean creatinine values showed minimal change through year 4. 
Two subjects experienced a confirmed 0.5 mg/dL increase in creatinine, one associated with 
advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the other improved with QOD dosing. In summary, 
TDF was well tolerated and produced potent, continuous viral suppression through 4 years of 
TDF treatment with no detectable resistance mutations found to arise in association with 
TDF in this HBeAg- patient population. No subject in either treatment group had confirmed 
HBsAg loss or seroconverted to anti-HBs by Week 192. One subject in the ADVíTDF group 
was HBsAgí at Week 156; however, this subject was HBsAg+ at subsequent visits. 
In Study 103, 198 HBeAg+ subjects completed W192 (74% retention). In an ITT analysis 
77% of subjects had HBV DNA <400 copies/mL (74% TDF-TDF; 84% ADV-TDF). In an 
on-treatment analysis 96% (TDF-TDF) and 99% (ADV-TDF) had HBV DNA <400 
copies/mL at W192. 100% of patients virally suppressed on ADV and 98% of suboptimal 
responders on ADV, responded favorably to a switch to TDF with HBV DNA <400 
copies/mL at W192. Overall 7 subjects (2 on TDF monotherapy and 5 on FTC/TDF) had 
HBV DNA 400 copies/mL at W192 or after discontinuing between W144 and W192. 
Resistance analyses showed no amino acid substitutions that could be associated with TDF 
resistance in subjects with detectable HBV DNA at W192, at discontinuation or when FTC 
was added. 34 subjects added FTC to TDF W192, 83% achieved HBV DNA <400 

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copies/mL. 9 subjects were eligible to add FTC, but did not, and of the 6 subjects on 
treatment at W192, 100% had HBV DNA <400 copies/mL. At W192 the mean ALT was 
35.2 U/L and HBeAg loss/seroconversion were observed in 41%/31% of subjects (on-
treatment analysis). Cumulatively, 10% of subjects lost HBsAg and 7.5% seroconverted to 
anti-HBs (Kaplan-Meier Estimate). TDF was well tolerated during both treatment periods 
with a safety profile consistent with the known safety profile of TDF. Mean creatinine levels 
remained stable through Year 4. One subject who remains on study experienced a confirmed 
0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine during Year 4. In summary, TDF was well tolerated 
and produced potent, continuous viral suppression with increasing HBeAg and HBsAg loss, 
with no detectable resistance mutations found to arise in association with TDF in this 
HBeAg+ patient population. 
Among 641 total subjects enrolled in both studies, 189 (29%) were Asian (94 HBeAg- CHB; 
95 HBeAg+ CHB). Mean age at entry for Asians was 40 years and 68% were male. Mean 
Baseline HBV DNA levels were 7.66 log10 copies/mL for both Asians and non-Asians. As 
expected, most Asian subjects had HBV genotype B or C (n=166). 163 Asians entered the 
open-label phase and 145 completed W192. Overall at W192, HBV DNA was <400 
copies/mL in 79% of all Asians (74% HBeAg+, 84% HBeAg-) and 83% of all non-Asians 
(79% HBeAg+, 86% HBeAg-) (ITT analysis) (p0.2 for all comparisons). 97% of Asians 
and 99% of non-Asians had HBV DNA <400 copies/mL by on-treatment analysis. 7 Asian 
subjects (3.7%) started FTC+TDF (none in year 4), 1 discontinued, and 4 of 6 remaining on 
study had HBV DNA <400 copies/mL. Among Asian subjects on treatment 86% had ALT 
within normal range: mean value of 31 U/L (vs. 79% of non-Asian subjects, p=0.100). Of 
65 HBeAg+ Asian subjects with W192 serology results 35%/26% had HBeAg loss/HBeAg 
seroconversion (none had HBsAg loss). During open-label TDF treatment the safety profile 
was similar for both groups: serious adverse events (AEs) developed in 6%/14%, Grade 3/4 
AEs in 10%/12%, and Grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities in 15%/16% of Asian/non-Asian 
subjects, respectively. There was 1 Asian subject with confirmed phosphorus <2 mg/dL 
(normal at W192), and 1 had a confirmed creatinine 0.5 mg/dL greater than Baseline and 
remains on study; none had creatinine clearance <50 mL/min.Antiviral efficacy and safety of 
TDF were similar in Asians and non-Asians over 192 weeks of treatment with good 
tolerability congruent with the results of the overall studies. 
1.2.3.1.2.
Study GS-US-174-0106: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind Study 
Exploring the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Tenofovir Disoproxil 
Fumarate (DF) Monotherapy Versus Emtricitabine plus Tenofovir DF 
Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy in Subjects Currently Being Treated with 
Adefovir Dipivoxil for Chronic Hepatitis B and having Persistent Viral 
Replication 
Study GS-US-174-0106 was fully enrolled and has been completed. This 168-week study 
was conducted to compare treatments of TDF versus emtricitabine (FTC) plus TDF 
Fixed-Dose Combination for CHB patients who had an incomplete response to ADV. The 
48-week data show that TDF monotherapy and the combination of FTC and TDF had similar 
efficacy in the patients with suboptimal viral suppression after therapy with ADV. Response 

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to the treatment was not influenced by the presence of baseline LAM- or ADV-associated 
mutations. Initial monotherapy followed by combination therapy was as effective as early 
combination therapy {16432}.
1.2.3.1.3.
Study GS-US-174-0108: A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Multi-center, Randomized 
Study Comparing Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Emtricitabine Plus 
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, and Entecavir in the Treatment of Chronic 
Hepatitis B Subjects with Decompensated Liver Disease and in the Prevention 
of Hepatitis B Recurrence Post-Transplantation 
Study GS-US-174-0108 is a Phase 2, double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the safety 
and efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumerate, the fixed-dose combination 
emtricitabine/tenofovir DF, and entecavir in the treatment of CHB with decompenstated liver 
disease in the prevention of HB recurrence post-transplantation. The study was fully enrolled 
(N = ) by -DQ. 81 subjects completed the study and 31 were early terminated. 
Reasons for early termination (n = 31) were investigators discretion (8 patients), patient 
withdrew consent(8 patients), lost to follow up (1 patient), and 14 patient deaths occurreddue 
to various reasons. :HHNGDWDIRUWKLVVWXG\ZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ+HSDWRORJ\/LDZHWDOThis
study is now complete, and database lock is in progress. Safety and efficacy analysis will be 
performed in September 2012. 
1.2.3.1.4.
Study GS-US-174-0115: A Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of the 
Antiviral Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of TDF versus Placebo in 
Adolescents with CHB Infection 
Study GS-US-174-0115 was a large (n = 106 subjects) placebo-controlled, international trial 
in adolescent patients (12 to 17 years). Preliminary analysis of the data suggest the following: 
after 72 weeks of treatment, tenofovir showed significant virologic response benefits over 
placebo. At 72 weeks, more tenofovir DFtreated subjects achieved the primary efficacy 
endpoint (serum HBV DNA  400 copies/mL at the end of blinded treatment), compared 
with placebo-treated subjects (88.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Tenofovir DF treatment was well 
tolerated.and no patients met the primary safety endpoint of a 6% decrease in lumbar spine 
bone mineral density (BMD). As expected for an adolescent population, both arms 
experienced an overall increase in mean lumbar spine BMD. Both populations also 
experienced an overall increase in mean whole body BMD; however, the percent increase in 
whole body BMD in tenofovir-treated subjects was less than the percent increase in whole 
body BMD attained by placebo-treated subjects (2.8% [TDF] vs. 5.4% [Placebo], p = 0.013). 
1.2.3.1.5.
Study GS-US-174-0121: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy 
Study Evaluating the Antiviral Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of TDF 
Monotherapy versus FTC plus TDF Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy in 
Subjects with CHB who are Resistant to Lamivudine 
Study GS-US-174-0121 is fully enrolled (N = 280). As of January, 2011, 266 (95%) enrolled 
patients remain on study.  Reasons for early termination (n = 14) are investigator’s discretion 

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(3 patients), protocol violation (3 patients), safety or tolerability reasons (3 patients), lost to 
follow-up (2 patients), withdrew consent (2 patients), and failure to meet entrance criteria (1 
patient). This is a 5-year study; once all subjects complete the 96 week study visit a 96-week 
analysis will be performed in the first quarter of 2012. 
1.2.3.1.6.
Study GS-US-174-0123: A Phase 4, open-label, single-arm 48-week study 
evaluating the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of TDF in HBV 
mono-infected Asian-American adults 
Study GS-US-174-0123 was fully enrolled and has been completed. Safety, efficacy and 
tolerability of TDF were evaluated in Asian-American adult patients with CHB. Ninety 
patients (HBeAg- or HBeAg+) treated by community physicians were enrolled and treated 
with once daily open-label 300 mg TDF for 48 week. As previously demonstrated in wider 
populations of HBV-infected patients, this study confirms that TDF is safe and potent in 
Asian-American CHB patients with greater than 80% achieving HBV-DNA < 400 copies/mL 
by Week 48 and improved FibroTest fibrosis scores 
1.2.3.1.7.
Study GS-US-203-0101: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study Evaluating 
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (DF) Monotherapy Versus the Combination of 
Emtricitabine and Tenofovir DF for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B 
Study GS-US-203-0101 is a double-blind, multi-center, randomized study to compare the 
safety and antiviral activity of tenofovir DF versus emtricitabine/tenofovir DF in the 
treatment of chronic HBV in subjects with high viral load (HBV DNA t 108 copies/mL) and 
normal ALT values. One hundred and twenty-six subjects were randomized 1:1 to tenofovir 
DF or emtricitabine/tenofovir DF. Key eligibility criteria for study entry include HBV 
DNA t 108 copies/mL; serum ALT d ULN; and seronegative for HIV, HCV, and HDV. The 
study is 192 weeks in duration. The study is currently ongoing. 
1.2.3.1.8.
Study GS-US-203-0107: A Phase 2, Open-Label Randomized Study to 
Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Combination Product, 
Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in the Presence or Absence of 
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) in Preventing Recurrence of Chronic 
Hepatitis B (CHB) Post-Orthotopic Liver Transplant (OLT) 
Study GS-US-203-0107 is a Phase 2, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and 
efficacy of the fixed-dose combination emtricitabine/tenofovir DF in the presence or absence 
of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing recurrence of CHB after orthotopic liver 
transplantation. The study was fully enrolled (N = 40) by May 2009. Thirty-four subjects 
completed the study and 6 were early terminated. Reasons for early termination (n = 6) were 
investigators discretion (2 patients), patient withdrew consent (2 patients), lost to follow up 
(1 patient), and 1 patient expired due to stroke. Study is now complete, database lock is in 
progress. Safety and efficacy analysis will be performed in October 2011. 

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1.2.3.1.9.
Clinical Trials of Tenofovir DF in HIV-1-Infected Pediatric and Adolescent 
Subjects
Two open-label, single-arm, single-center clinical studies have been performed to evaluate 
the safety and pharmacokinetics of tenofovir DF in a small number of HIV-1-infected 
children. Studies 926 and 927 were 96-week open-label pharmacokinetic and safety studies, 
which enrolled treatment-experienced children with advanced HIV disease. All subjects 
received open-label tenofovir DF as a component of a new antiretroviral regimen. 
Study 926 was a Phase 1, open-label study in which subjects received six days of tenofovir 
DF monotherapy followed by the addition of individualized antiretroviral regimens. 
Monitoring for bone toxicity included measurement of lumbar spine bone mineral density by 
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Study 926 was conducted at the National Cancer 
Institute, National Institutes of Health. Eighteen subjects with a median (range) age of 
11.9 years (6.216.2 years) were studied. Subjects received tenofovir DF at a dose 
of ~ 175 mg/m2 (administered in multiples of 75 mg tablets) once daily. Single-dose 
pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were evaluated with the first dose during the 7-day 
tenofovir DF monotherapy period and again at Week 4 when tenofovir DF was administered 
with an optimized background regimen (OBR) based on genotypic testing. Subjects had 
extensive treatment experience: median (range) duration of prior antiretroviral therapy was 
9.7 years (4.813.5). Baseline resistance testing showed a median (range) of 7 (28) major 
NRTI mutations and 8 (110) major protease mutations. 
At Week 48, median (range) decrease in log10 HIV RNA was 1.52 (4.0 to 0.52). HIV RNA 
was  50 copies/mL in 4 children ( 400 copies/mL in 6 children). Results from Study 926 
demonstrated that tenofovir DF-containing HAART regimens were effective and well 
tolerated in heavily treatment-experienced, HIV-infected children. However, five of 
15 subjects evaluated at 48 weeks of treatment developed a ! 6% decrease from baseline in 
bone mineral density. Of these subjects, two required discontinuation of tenofovir DF, but 
decreases in BMD had partially or completed resolved by week 96. One additional subject 
developed a ! 6% decrease from baseline in bone mineral density by Week 96. None of the 
six subjects experienced a bone fracture {8548},{9505}.
Study 927 was designed to assess safety and single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics 
(PK) of tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected, treatment-experienced children. Seven subjects were 
enrolled, including three children who were naive to tenofovir DF and four patients who 
were tenofovir DF experienced. Subjects received tenofovir DF once daily at a dose of 
approximately 5 mg/kg (administered in multiples of 75 mg tablets). In the three children 
who were naive to tenofovir DF, single dose PK studies were assessed over 48 hours after the 
first dose. In the four tenofovir DF-experienced children, steady-state PK studies were 
assessed over 10 hours on Day 7, when tenofovir DF was administered with an optimized 
background antiretroviral regimen. 

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The primary efficacy endpoint was virologic response, measured as a change from baseline 
in log10 HIV-1 RNA. Limited data available from these patients showed that, overall, 
treatment with tenofovir DF resulted in a decline in mean plasma HIV-1 RNA of 0.95 log10
copies/mL from baseline to Week 72, and a decline in median plasma HIV-1 RNA of 
0.39 log10 copies/mL from baseline at Week 108. These overall declines were seen despite 
high prior exposure and virological failure/intolerance to multiple antiretrovirals in all 
patients. Steady state PK parameters of tenofovir DF in children and adolescents treated with 
tenofovir DF-containing regimens were similar to those seen in HIV-infected adults treated 
with 300 mg once daily. Tenofovir DF was safe and well tolerated when given for a mean 
duration of 100 weeks in combination with other antiretrovirals. A renal tubular disorder and 
increase in urinary beta-2 microglobulin were the only events to occur that were considered 
possibly/probably related to tenofovir DF. These events, in a subject who had a history of 
probable tubulopathy while receiving tenofovir DF before the study, resolved after 
withdrawal of tenofovir DF. The limited available bone mineral density data in this study do 
not suggest a decline in BMD with increased exposure to tenofovir DF. No bone fractures 
occurred during the study. 
In a third study, 28 HIV-infected pediatric subjects (ages 5–17.9 years) receiving HAART 
therapy consisting of lamivudine, stavudine and a protease inhibitor (PI) with stable 
undetectable viral loads were randomized to switch the PI to efavirenz and stavudine to 
tenofovir at baseline (Group 1) or at Week 24 (Group 2). At 96 weeks, virological 
suppression and unchanged CD4 counts were maintained in all subjects {11526}. Tenofovir 
DF therapy was well tolerated. Through 96 weeks, no child experienced a Grade 1 or higher 
increase in serum creatinine or phosphate, and mean serum creatinine, phosphate and 
bicarbonate values were unchanged {11445}. The authors concluded that no evidence of 
impaired glomerular filtration or tubular renal function was observed in HIV-infected 
children treated with tenofovir DF for 96 weeks. The authors also evaluated bone mineral 
content (lumbar spine and whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral 
density (BMD) via DEXA scan in 16 subjects in this study through 12 months of tenofovir 
DF treatment {10417}. DEXA scans were obtained 12 months prior to therapy switch, at 
baseline, and 12 months after switch to tenofovir DF. The authors calculated expected 
changes in bone measurements from data obtained from 166 healthy children. The BMC and 
BMD increments observed before and after switching to tenofovir DF did not differ 
significantly from those calculated in healthy controls. Although the sample size is small, 
results from this study suggest that 12 months of tenofovir DF treatment does not impair 
bone mineral accrual in HIV-infected children. 
Two clinical trials of tenofovir DF in pediatric and/or adolescent HIV-1-infected subjects are 
currently ongoing. Study GS-US-104-0352 is evaluating 100 HIV-infected children and 
adolescents (2 to  16 years of age) who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA 
 400 copies/mL) on their current antiretroviral regimen containing either stavudine or 
zidovudine. Subjects are randomized 1:1 to continue on the same stavudine- or 
zidovudine-containing regimen, or to replace stavudine or zidovudine with tenofovir DF 
while continuing their other background antiretroviral agents. The study will assess the 

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efficacy, safety (including BMD) and tolerability of switching to tenofovir DF, compared to 
continuing stavudine or zidovudine therapy. 
The 48-week results of Study GS-US-104-0352 showed tenofovir DF did not meet the 
criteria for treatment noninferiority at Week 48 (missing = failure; ITT analysis set). 
However, it did meet treatment noninferiority from baseline through Week 24. The lack of 
noninferiority by this analysis was driven by the higher number of discontinuations as well as 
transient low-level increases in viral load at Week 48 in the tenofovir DF group. In post hoc 
analyses to explore the effect of subjects who had discontinued from the study early, 
tenofovir DF met the criteria for treatment noninferiority at Week 48 and all timepoints from 
baseline to Week 48 (missing = excluded; ITT analysis set). 
The development of virologic resistance in these antiretroviral-experienced children was 
consistent with current therapy or archived mutations from previous therapies. Tenofovir 
pharmacokinetics following administration of the oral powder formulation of tenofovir DF at 
a dose of 8mg/kg daily in HIV-1 infected children (2 to < 12 years of age) is similar to that 
achieved following administration of tenofovir DF 300mg tablets in HIV-1 infected adults, 
confirming the appropriateness of this dose in this age range. 
Tenofovir DF was generally safe and well tolerated in this study and was consistent with the 
known safety profile in adult. There were no clinically relevant differences in renal function 
between tenofovir DF and stavudine or zidovudine groups in the randomized treatment 
period.  At the Week 96 analysis, 4 subjects discontinued due to renal AEs (3 subjects with 
hypophosphatemia and 1 subject with glycosuria and chronic renal failure) that were 
clinically consistent with proximal renal tubulopathy, a renal disorder identified in 
postmarketing surveillance of tenofovir DF in adults; no additional discontinuations due to 
renal AEs occurred in the Week 144 analysis.  No clinically relevant differences were seen 
between the tenofovir DF and stavudine or zidovudine groups in spine BMD. Percentage 
increases from baseline in total body BMD were smaller in the tenofovir DF group than in 
the stavudine or zidovudine group and there was a modest reduction in total body BMD Z-
score in the tenofovir DF group compared to no change in the stavudine or zidovudine group. 
The long-term clinical relevance of these observations is unknown. Biochemical markers of 
both bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phophatase) and bone 
resorption (N- and C-telopeptides)demonstrated greater and significant changes in the 
tenofovir DF group compared with the stavudine or zidovudine group; however, there was no 
evidence of imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. The clinical relevance 
of these changes in bone biochemical markers appears to be minimal given the lack of 
clinically relevant changes in BMD and the absence of bone fractures reported in the study. 
Study GS-US-104-0321 enrolled antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected 
adolescents that were treated with tenofovir DF or placebo in addition to a reconfigured and 
optimized background regimen (OBR) for 48 weeks. The Week 48 results of this study 
showed that adolescents in both treatment groups demonstrated a virologic response to 
treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between tenofovir DF and 
placebo groups for any of the efficacy endpoints for the ITT analysis set. Treatment response 

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was demonstrated by reductions in viral load and increases in CD4 cell count in both 
treatment groups. Analyses of the primary efficacy endpoint using the subgroup of subjects 
with a maximum of 1 active drug in their OBR (ANRS scoring system) and confirmation 
using post hoc analyses (Stanford database scoring system; 3- and 5-point scales) provide 
evidence for the antiretroviral activity of tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected adolescents. 
The development of virological resistance in these antiretroviral-experienced adolescents 
with extensive resistance in their HIV at screening was comparable to that observed in 
heavily treatment-experienced adults. Mutation K65R developed in one subject in the 
tenofovir DF group. 
Tenofovir DF was generally safe and well tolerated when given in combination with an OBR 
in this study. The safety profile in adolescent subjects with HIV-1 infection was consistent 
with the known safety profile in adults; the most marked differences between tenofovir DF 
and placebo groups in reported AEs were for mild to moderate gastrointestinal disorders 
(vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea). No deaths or SAEs considered related to study drug were 
reported, and only 1 subject discontinued due to an AE (vomiting). There was no evidence of 
compromised renal function due to tenofovir DF. 
In Study 321, bone effects were similar to adult subjects. Under normal circumstances BMD 
increases rapidly in this age group. In this study, the mean rate of bone gain was less in the 
tenofovir DF-treated group compared to the placebo group. Six tenofovir DF treated subjects 
and one placebo treated subject had significant (> 4%) lumbar spine BMD loss in 48 weeks. 
Among 28 subjects receiving 96 weeks of tenofovir DF, Z-scores declined by -0.341 for 
lumbar spine and -0.458 for total body. Skeletal growth (height) appeared to be unaffected. 
Markers of bone turnover in tenofovir DF-treated pediatric subjects 12 years of age and older 
suggest increased bone turnover, consistent with the effects observed in adults.

5DWLRQDOHIRUWKH&XUUHQW6WXG\DQG'RVH6HOHFWLRQ
The aim of treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection is to maintain suppression of viral 
replication to prevent the development of complications. Achieving this goal requires potent, 
durable, well-tolerated, patient-friendly antiviral regimens. Clinical data in adults and 
adolescents with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe-positive chronic HBV 
infection demonstrate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF for the treatment of chronic 
HBV disease. Tenofovir DF is a promising agent for use in adolescent subjects with chronic 
HBV because of its favorable efficacy, safety and tolerability profiles as indicated from 
preliminary data from Study GS-US-174-0115. The pharmacokinetic profile of tenofovir DF 
allows convenient, once-daily dosing, which can facilitate adherence in this patient 
population. With the completion of clinical studies of tenofovir DF in adolescents with 
chromic HBV 
The optimal treatment for pediatric patients with chronic HBV infection is currently 
unknown. As summarized in Section 1.1, treatment with interferon alfa, lamivudine, and 
adefovir in pediatric populations has been shown to be less than optimal. Further, the safety 

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and efficacy of entecavir and telbivudine have not been established in patients  16 years of 
age. Risk-benefit evaluation supports use of a blinded study design using placebo for 
72 weeks as an appropriate comparator. After 72 weeks of blinded treatment, all subjects will 
switch to open-label tenofovir DF, provided that no safety concerns are identified by the 
independent Data Monitoring Committee monitoring the study. Use of the placebo 
comparator allows a more robust evaluation of tenofovir DF safety and tolerability 
(e.g., bone metabolism, renal safety), and does not expose subjects randomized to the placebo 
arm to risk of development of resistance during the blinded portion of the study. 
A study evaluating tenofovir DF in pediatric patients (ages 2 to < 12, at the time of 
enrollment) is needed to assess the safety and efficacy of this agent in the treatment of 
chronic hepatitis B in this patient population. In addition, the study will help to further 
elucidate the pharmacokinetic and resistance profiles of tenofovir DF. Through their 
participation, study subjects will help generate critical new information to help guide the 
most optimal treatment of chronic HBV infection in pediatric patients. 

5DWLRQDOHIRU'RVH6HOHFWLRQ
1.3.1.1.
Tenofovir DF 
The selection of the 300 mg dose for tenofovir DF for use in adults is based upon the 
following rationale: (1) The 300 mg dose has been demonstrated to be the optimal dose of 
tenofovir DF for the treatment of HIV-1 infection; the Ki of tenofovir against HIV-1 reverse 
transcriptase (0.02-1.6 PM) is similar to the Ki against HBV polymerase (0.18 PM); (2) The 
safety profile of tenofovir DF 300 mg once daily has been well characterized in patients with 
HIV infection, and tenofovir DF 300 mg once daily has been shown to be safe in that patient 
population; (3) Reducing the dose of tenofovir DF may lead to an increased risk of the 
emergence of resistance as documented with other antivirals; (4) In the dose-ranging study 
GS-98-902, the safety profile of tenofovir DF 300 mg once daily was not different from the 
safety profiles of lower doses of tenofovir DF (75 mg and 150 mg); and (5) The safety of the 
300 mg dose is similar in HIV-infected patients with or without co-infection with chronic 
hepatitis B, as supported by study GS-99-910. Further, in the GS-US-174-0102 and 
GS-US-174-0103 studies, the 300 mg dose of tenofovir DF was shown to be an effective 
dose for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection in adults with 
HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe-positive disease and HBeAg-positive disease, respectively. 
Studies in HIV-infected children (Studies GS-01-926, GS-01-927 and GS-02-983) indicate 
that an 8 mg/kg dose in a pediatric population will result in a tenofovir DF systemic exposure 
similar to that in HIV-infected adults receiving the commercially available tenofovir DF 
300 mg tablet. The recommended oral dose of tenofovir DF in children is 8 mg/kg of actual 
body weight, to a maximum of 300 mg/day (t 35 kg). All pediatric subjects in this study who 
weigh t 17 kg and are able to swallow tablets will receive tenofovir DF as a 150, 200, 250, 
or 300 mg tablet (or matching placebo tablets), administered once daily with or without 
regard to food. Subjects weighing < 17 kg and subjects  17 kg who are unable to swallow a 

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tablet, will be given tenofovir DF oral powder (or matching placebo). Tenofovir 
pharmacokinetics will be assessed in this study in pediatric patients ages 2 to < 12 years old. 

5DWLRQDOHIRU%RQH0LQHUDO'HQVLW\(YDOXDWLRQV
Osteopenia and osteoporosis have been reported in both children and adults with HIV-1 
infection. The pathophysiology associated with these findings is unclear and may be related 
to HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, and/or associated co-morbidities. Preclinical data 
showed that high doses of tenofovir DF in animals are associated with significant effects in 
bone metabolism. As seen in Study 926, some HIV-1-infected children receiving salvage 
therapy with tenofovir DF experienced decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) 
{8548},{9505}. Many of the children in that study had abnormal BMD results at baseline, 
suggesting that other factors were related to the decrease in BMD. As seen in a preliminary 
analysis of Study 115, in which adolescents age 12 to 17 with chronic HBV were treated with 
tenofovir or placebo and followed with DEXA scans at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 weeks, 
tenofovir was associated with a statististically significant difference in the mean percent 
increase in whole body BMD (2.8% [TDF] vs. 5.4% [Placebo], p = 0.013). Using whole 
body BMD Z-scores to account for age specific changes, and when comparing average 
values, it appears that this difference is unlikely to be of clinical relevance. Individual 
adolescent subjects who experienced the largest decreases in Z-scores were in the tenofovir 
arm; however, the largest changes in Z-scores in the study did not reach a change of -1.0. 
The current study was designed to evaluate, in a controlled fashion, changes from baseline in 
BMD in a pediatric population following 48 and 72 weeks of study drug treatment. Changes 
from baseline in BMD will be evaluated every 24 weeks through Week 96, then annually 
until each subject reaches Week 192 (4 years on study), or at the Early Study Drug 
Discontinuation Visit (if applicable). 

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
2%-(&7,9(6
The primary objective of this study is: 
x To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of tenofovir DF versus placebo in pediatric patients 
(aged 2 to < 12 years, at the time of enrollment) with chronic hepatitis B infection 
Secondary objectives are: 
x To characterize the safety and tolerability profile of tenofovir DF in pediatric patients 
(aged 2 to < 12 years, at the time of enrollment) with chronic hepatitis B infection 
x To evaluate the biochemical and serological responses to tenofovir DF versus placebo 
x To evaluate the incidence of potential resistance mutations to tenofovir DF in the 
hepatitis B virus polymerase 

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
678'<'(6,*1
This is a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the antiviral efficacy, safety 
and tolerability of tenofovir DF versus placebo in pediatric subjects with chronic HBV 
infection. One hundred (100) tenofovir DF-naïve subjects with HBV DNA t 105 copies/mL 
AND either ALT t 2 × ULN at screening OR any history of ALT t 2 × ULN over the past 
d 24 months will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment arm A or B: 
x Treatment A (n = 50): tenofovir DF PO once daily for 72 weeks 
x Treatment B (n = 50): matching placebo PO once daily for 72 weeks 
After 72 weeks of blinded randomized treatment, each subject will switch to open-label 
tenofovir DF treatment for additional 120 weeks (see study schema at end of Section 3.).
Randomization will be stratified by age (2 to < 6 and 6 to < 12) and geographical location of 
study site (North America/Europe, and Asia). 
5DQGRPL]DWLRQFDQQRWRFFXUXQWLODIWHUWKH%DVHOLQHSUHWUHDWPHQW'(;$VFDQKDV
EHHQSHUIRUPHG
Subjects who experience Grade 4 ALT while on blinded study medication will be evaluated 
weekly with serum chemistry and liver function test monitoring. In the event that any subject 
has sustained Grade 4 ALT for t 16 weeks (i.e., failure to resolve ALT to grade d 3 or 
baseline), the serial HBV DNA values on study will be provided to the investigator, and the 
subject can be offered open-label tenofovir DF, after discussion with  the Gilead Medical 
Monitor. Such events should be recroded as an adverse event leading to study drug 
discontinuation.
Subjects will take a daily multivitamin containing vitamin D 600 IU (to be provided by the 
study). 
The primary efficacy and safety analysis will be conducted at the end of double-blind 
treatment, after the last randomized subject reaches Week 72. Subsequently, efficacy and 
safety analyses of all subjects continuing on open-label tenofovir DF will be performed after 
the last randomized subject reaches Weeks 96, 144, and 192. 
An external independent multidisciplinary Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) will review 
the progress and safety of this study approximately every 24 weeks after the first subject is 
randomized. At each meeting, the DMC will review routine safety and DEXA data and will 
make recommendations regarding modification of study treatment. 
Subjects with the following characteristics will be eligible for enrollment: 2 to < 12 years of 
age with chronic HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative HBV infection (HBsAg-positive for at 
least 6 months; HBV DNA levels t 105 copies/mL AND either ALT t 2 × ULN at screening 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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OR any history of ALT t  2 × ULN over the past d 24 months, and creatinine clearance 
t 80 L/min/1.73 m2. Subjects must be without serological evidence of co-infection with 
HCV, HIV, or HDV. Subjects with decompensated liver disease, significant renal disease, 
significant bone disease, evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (i.e., D-fetoprotein ! 50 
ng/mL), as well as pregnant or breast-feeding females, will be excluded from the study. 
Subjects must be naïve to tenofovir DF, but could have received prior treatment with other 
anti-HBV nucleoside/nucleotide therapy or interferon. Previous treatment with interferon 
must have ended t 6 months prior to the Screening Visit. Subjects experienced on other oral 
anti-HBV nucleoside/nucleotide therapy must have discontinued therapy t 16 weeks prior to 
screening to avoid flare if randomized to the placebo arm. 
Plasma HBV DNA levels, laboratory analyses (serum chemistry, liver tests, hematology, and 
urinalysis), pregnancy test (post-menarchal females only), vital signs, adverse events and 
concomitant medications will be measured or assessed at screening, baseline, Weeks 4, 8, 16, 
24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, then every 12 weeks thereafter until the end of the study 
(and at Early Discontinuation, if applicable). HBV serology (HBsAg, HBeAg, and reflex 
HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) will be conducted at Screening, Baseline, Weeks 16, 32, 
48, 64, 72, 80, and 96, then every 12 weeks through the end of study (and at Early 
Discontinuation, if applicable). DEXA scans of the spine and whole body will be performed 
at Baseline, and Weeks 24, 48, 72, and 96, then annually until completion of the study (and at 
Early Discontinuation if applicable). Bone biochemical markers will be measured at 
Screening, Baseline, every 24 weeks through Week 96, then annually until the end of study 
(and at Early Discontinuation, if applicable). DEXA and bone biochemical markers will also 
be required at time of switching from placebo to tenofovir DF, if the last measurement was 
performed > 12 weeks prior to switch. Complete physical examinations (including Tanner 
Staging starting at Baseline) will be performed at Screening, Baseline, Week 24 and then 
every 24 weeks through the end of study (and at Early Discontinuation, if applicable). 
Determination of HBV viral genotype (A-H) will be performed at baseline for all subjects. 
Resistance surveillance will be conducted at Baseline for all subjects, and attempted for all 
viremic subjects (HBV DNA t 400 copies/mL) at Weeks 72, 144, and 192 (and at Early 
Discontinuation, if applicable).
Plasma and serum for storage will be collected at every visit for possible pharmacokinetic 
and/or virological analyses (including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and 
adherence assessment). 
For subjects for whom a separate consent is provided, an appropriate blood sample for 
biomarker (including pharmacogenomic) analysis will be collected for the exploration of 
markers that may be predictive of virologic response and/or the tolerability of HBV therapies 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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Subjects who permanently discontinue study drug will be asked to return for an end of 
treatment visit within 72 hours of the last dose of study drug. Subjects who permanently 
discontinue study drug will be followed for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of 
active treatment, whichever occurs first. For subjects off treatment, post-treatment follow-up 
evaluations, i.e., serum chemistry, liver function tests and plasma HBV DNA, will be 
performed every 4 weeks. 
)LJXUH
6WXG\6FKHPD

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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22 July 2011 

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A total of 100 tenofovir DF-naïve pediatric subjects with chronic HBV will be randomized 
1:1 to receive blinded tenofovir DF PO once daily (Treatment A, n = 50) or blinded matching 
placebo PO once daily (Treatment B, n = 50). 

,QFOXVLRQ&ULWHULD
Subjects must meet DOO of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for participation in 
this study. 
x Male or female 
x 2 years to < 12 years of age (consent of parent or legal guardian required) 
x Documented chronic HBV infection, defined as positive serum HBsAg t 6 months 
x HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative  
x HBV DNA t 105 copies/mL (PCR method) 
x ALT t 2 × ULN at screening, OR any history of ALT t 2 × ULN over the past d 24 
months
x Estimated glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance) t 80 mL/min/1.73m2
Estimated creatinine clearance using Schwartz Formula  
(mL/min/1.73m2) = k u L/Scr 
[(k is a proportionality constant: pediatric males/females t 2 years to < 12 years 
k = 0.55; for adolescent females t 12 years old, k = 0.55, and for adolescent males 
t 12 years, k = 0.70); L is height in centimeters (cm); and Scr is serum creatinine 
(mg/dL)] 
x Adequate hematologic function (absolute neutrophil count t 1,500/mm3; hemoglobin 
t 10.0 g/dL) 
x Negative serum E-HCG pregnancy test (for post-menarchal females only) 
x Female subjects of childbearing potential must agree to utilize highly effective 
contraception methods while on study treatment or agree to abstain from heterosexual 
intercourse for 30 days following the last does of study drugs; highly effective methods 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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normally utilize two separate forms of contraception, one of which must be an effective 
barrier contraceptive method. 
x Parent or guardian able to provide written informed consent prior to any screening 
evaluations and willing to comply with study requirements 
x Subject able to provide written assent if they have the ability to read and write 
x No prior tenofovir DF therapy (subjects may have received prior interferon-alfa and/or 
other oral anti-HBV nucleoside/nucleotide therapy; subjects must have discontinued 
interferon-alfa therapy t 6 months prior to screening; subjects experienced on other anti-
HBV nucleoside/nucleotide therapy must have discontinued therapy t 16 weeks prior to 
screening to avoid flare if randomized to the placebo arm) 

([FOXVLRQ&ULWHULD
Subjects who meet DQ\ of the following exclusion criteria are not to be enrolled in this study. 
x Pregnant or lactating subjects. 
x Sexually-active females of childbearing potential who are not willing to use an effective 
method of contraception during the study. (see Section 7.7. for further details).  
x Decompensated liver disease defined as direct (conjugated) bilirubin ! 1.2 u ULN, 
PT ! 1.2 u ULN, platelets  150,000/mm3, serum albumin  3.5 g/dL, or prior history of 
clinical hepatic decompensation (e.g., ascites, jaundice, encephalopathy, variceal 
hemorrhage). 
x Receipt of interferon (pegylated or not) therapy within 6 months of the Screening Visit 
x Receipt of anti-HBV nucleoside/nucleotide therapy within 16 weeks of the Screening 
Visit
x D-fetoprotein ! 50 ng/mL 
x Evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 
x Co-infection with HIV, HCV, or HDV 
x History of significant renal disease (e.g., nephrotic syndrome, renal dysgenesis, 
polycystic kidney disease, congenital nephrosis, acute tubular necrosis, other renal 
disease) 
x History of significant bone disease (e.g., osteomalacia, chronic osteomyelitis, 
osteogenesis imperfecta, osteochrondroses, multiple bone fractures) 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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x Significant cardiovascular, pulmonary or neurological disease 
x Evidence of a gastrointestinal malabsorption syndrome that may interfere with absorption 
of orally administered medications 
x History of solid organ or bone marrow transplantation 
x Ongoing therapy with any of the following: 
x Nephrotoxic agents 
x Parenteral aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) 
x Cidofovir
x Cisplatin 
x Foscarnet 
x IV amphotericin B 
x IV pentamidine 
x Oral or IV ganciclovir 
x Cyclosporine 
x Tacrolimus 
x IV vancomycin 
x Chronic daily non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy 
 Competitors of renal excretion (e.g., probenecid) 
 Systemic chemotherapeutic agents 
 Systemic corticosteroids 
 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and other immunomodulating agents 
 Investigational agents (except with the expressed approval of the Sponsor) 
 Administration of any of the above medications must be discontinued at least 30 days 
prior to the Baseline Visit and for the duration of the study period. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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x Known hypersensitivity to the study drugs, the metabolites or formulation excipients 
x Any other condition (including alcohol or substance abuse) or prior therapy that, in the 
opinion of the Investigator, would make the subject unsuitable for the study or unable to 
comply with dosing requirements 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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22 July 2011 

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5DQGRPL]DWLRQ%OLQGLQJDQG8QEOLQGLQJ
Approximately 100 tenofovir DF-naïve subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 
blinded tenofovir DF PO once daily (Treatment A, N = 50), or blinded matching placebo PO 
once daily (Treatment B, N = 50). Randomization will be stratified by age (2 to < 6, 6 to < 
12) and geographical location of study site (North America/Europe and Asia). Subjects will 
be assigned a screening number at the time of consent/assent. Once eligibility has been 
confirmed, subjects will be assigned a subject number and treatment arm at the time of 
randomization. A centralized randomization procedure will be used, whereby numbered 
bottles of tenofovir DF or placebo are assigned to subjects via an interactive voice response 
system (IVRS) according to the randomization code. For the first 72 weeks of the study 
(blinded phase), study drugs will be dispensed to the subject in a blinded fashion in 
numbered bottles from supplies stored at the study site. After Week 72 (open-label portion of 
the study), open-label tenofovir DF tablet or tenofovir DF oral powder will be provided to the 
study site in numbered bottles. 
5DQGRPL]DWLRQFDQQRWRFFXUXQWLODIWHUWKH%DVHOLQHSUHWUHDWPHQW'(;$VFDQKDV
EHHQSHUIRUPHG$OO%DVHOLQHWHVWVDQGSURFHGXUHVPXVWEHFRPSOHWHGSULRUWRWKH
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIWKHILUVWGRVHRIVWXG\GUXJV,QLWLDWLRQRIWUHDWPHQWZLWKVWXG\GUXJV
VKRXOGWDNHSODFHZLWKLQKRXUVRIWKH%DVHOLQH9LVLW
For the double-blind treatment period, tenofovir DF tablet or tenofovir DF oral powder and 
matching placebo (tablet or powder) will be supplied by Gilead. For the open-label treatment 
period, tenofovir DF tablet or tenofovir DF oral powder will be supplied by Gilead. 
Throughout the entire study period (blinded and open-label), daily multivitamin containing 
vitamin D 600 IU will be supplied by the study. 
During the blinded portion of the study, HBV DNA results will not be distributed to 
investigators, subjects, or clinical research personnel involved in the clinical conduct of the 
study. The only exception will be in the event where Grade 4 ALT is maintained for 
16 weeks and in the case of ALT flare, both considered situations of medical need, when 
serial HBV DNA values from Screening through time of event will be made available to the 
investigator.  Additionally, Gilead Drug Safety and Public Health will be provided with 
unblinding information upon request for expedited reporting of Suspected Unexpected 
Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSARs). 
In the event of a medical emergency whereby an investigator finds it necessary to unblind a 
patient’s treatment assignment, the investigator must contact the Medical Monitor at Gilead 
Sciences. Following discussion between the investigator and the Gilead Medical Monitor, the 
breaking of the blind will only be sanctioned by Gilead where knowledge of the study 
medication treatment would affect subject management. In order to break the blind for a 
subject, the investigator must call the IVRS and provide the subject number Once the 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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treatment has been revealed to the investigator, the subject is automatically discontinued 
from the blinded phase of the study. &RQVXOWDWLRQZLWKWKH0HGLFDO0RQLWRULVPDQGDWRU\
UHJDUGLQJDQ\VXEVHTXHQWRSWLRQIRURSHQODEHOWHQRIRYLU')WUHDWPHQW
An external independent multidisciplinary Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) will review 
the progress and safety of this study approximately every 24 weeks after the first subject is 
randomized. At each meeting, the DMC will review routine safety and DEXA data and will 
make recommendations regarding continuing or initiating study treatment. 

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3RZGHUDQG0DWFKLQJ3ODFHERV
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5.2.1.1.
5.2.1.1. Tenofovir DF Tablets 
For pediatric patients weighing 17 kg (37 lb) who can swallow an intact tablet, one 
Tenofovir DF tablet, 150, 200, 250 or 300 mg based on body weight, can be taken orally 
once daily. 
Tenofovir DF tablets 300 mg are light blue, almond-shaped, plain-faced, film-coated tablets 
containing 300 mg of tenofovir DF. Each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: 
microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose 
sodium, and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains lactose monohydrate, 
hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), glycerol triacetate, titanium dioxide, and 
indigo carmine aluminum lake. 
Tenofovir DF tablets 250 mg contain 250 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, which is 
equivalent to 204 mg of tenofovir disoproxil. The tablets are capsule-shaped, white, debossed 
and film-coated. 
Tenofovir DF tablets 200 mg contain 200 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, which is 
equivalent to 163 mg of tenofovir disoproxil. The tablets are round-shaped, white, debossed, 
and film-coated. 
Tenofovir DF tablets 150 mg contain 150 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, which is 
equivalent to 123 mg of tenofovir disoproxil. The tablets are triangle-shaped, white, 
debossed, and film-coated. 
In addition to the active ingredient, the tenofovir DF tablets 150, 200, and 250 mg contain the 
following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, 
pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The film-coating 
contains: hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), lactose monohydrate, titanium 
dioxide, and JO\FHUROWULDFHWDWH.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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5.2.1.2.
Tenofovir DF Power 
Tenofovir DF oral powder formulation consists of polymer coated particles containing 40 mg 
of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate per 1 gram (1 scoop) of powder. In addition to the active 
ingredient, the oral powder contains the following inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl 
cellulose, mannitol, ethylcellulose, and silicon dioxide. 
5.2.1.3.
Placebo Tablets 
Placebo tablets to match tenofovir DF 300 mg are light blue, almond shaped, plain faced, 
film-coated tablets. Each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: denatonium 
benzoate, lactose monohydrate, pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose sodium, and 
magnesium stearate. The film coating contains the following inactive ingredients: lactose 
monohydrate, hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), glycerol triacetate, titanium 
dioxide, and indigo carmine aluminum lake.  
Placebo tablets to match tenofovir DF 150 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg are white and of 
identical dimensions as the corresponding active tablet. Each tablet contains the following 
inactive ingredients: denatonium benzoate, lactose monohydrate, pregelatinized starch, 
croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains the following 
inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), 
glycerol triacetate, and titanium dioxide.  
5.2.1.4.
Placebo Powder 
Placebo powder to match tenofovir DF oral powder formulation is a white to off white 
powder. The placebo to match tenofovir DF oral powder contains the following inactive 
ingredients: hydroxypropyl cellulose, mannitol, ethylcellulose, denatonium benzoate, and 
silicon dioxide. 
5.2.1.5.
Multivitamin Supplement  
All subjects will take a daily multivitamin containing vitamin D 600 IU. The multivitamin is 
to be provided by the study. 

3DFNDJLQJDQG/DEHOLQJ
The tenofovir DF tablets and matching placebo tablets are packaged in white, high-density 
polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with one gram of desiccant and fiber packing present in each 
bottle. Each bottle is enclosed with a white, continous thread, child-reststant polypropylene 
screw cap with an induction-sealed, aluminium-faced liner. 
The tenofovir DF oral powder formulation and matching placebo powder formulation are 
packaged in white, high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. Each bottle is capped with a 
white, continuous thread, child-resistant polypropylene screw cap with an induction-sealed, 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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aluminum-faced liner.  One or more polypropylene dosing scoops will be provided with each 
bottle. 
During Weeks 1–96, subjects will be provided with sufficient supplies for 4 to 8 weeks of 
dosing. Thereafter, subjects will be provided with sufficient supplies for 12 weeks of dosing.  
At a minimum, each drug bottle will be labeled with a lot number, the protocol number, 
administration instructions, storage instructions, expiration date, Sponsor name and address. 
Additional information will be included according to the requirements of the protocol and 
local law. 

6WRUDJHDQG+DQGOLQJ
Tenofovir DF tablets and matching placebo should be stored at 25qC (77qF); excursions are 
permitted to 15q–30qC (59q–86qF). 
Tenofovir DF oral powder formulation and matching placebo powder formulation should be 
stored at 25qC (77qF); excursions permitted to 15qC30qC (59qF86qF). 
To ensure product stability, study drugs should not be dispensed in a container other than the 
one supplied. 

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Subjects will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive one of the following treatments in a 
blinded fashion: 

7UHDWPHQW$
x for subjects  17 kg - blinded tenofovir DF oral tablet (150, 200, 250, or 300 mg 
based on  body weight) once daily for 72 weeks (oral powder may be 
administered to subjects if unable to swallow a tablet) 
x for subjects < 17 kg - blinded tenofovir DF oral powder administered in a dose of 
8 mg/kg PO once daily up to a maximum dose of 300 mg (ie, subjects weighing 
more than 35 kg will continue to receive only 300 mg) for 72 weeks  

7UHDWPHQW%
x for subjects  17 kg – matching blinded placebo oral tablet once daily for 72 
weeks (oral placebo powder may be administered to subjects if unable to swallow 
a tablet) 
x for subjects < 17 kg - matching oral placebo powder formulation of tenofovir DF 
PO once daily up to a maximum corresponding dose of 300 mg for 72 weeks. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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After 72 weeks of blinded randomized treatment, each subject will switch to open-label 
tenofovir DF treatment for an additional 120 weeks. 
Subjects who weigh  17 kg may be switched from the oral power formulation to tenofovir 
DF oral tablet once daily. For subjects < 17 kg, tenofovir DF oral powder will be 
administered through 192 weeks or switch to tenofovir DF tablets when subjects weigh more 
than 17 kg. 
Subjects will also be instructed to take a daily multivitamin containing vitamin D 600 IU 
throughout the study. 
5.3.1.
Dosing Recommendation – Tenofovir DF or Matching Placebo Tablet 
One tenofovir DF tablet or its matching placebo (as the comparator treatment) will be 
administered once daily to subjects who weigh  17 kg. Administration of study drug will be 
followed by 240 mL (8 fluid ounces) of water and will be dosed with or without food. 
7DEOH
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DQG:HLJKLQJtNJ8VLQJ9,5($'7DEOHWV
%RG\:HLJKW
.LORJUDPNJ
3RXQGOEV
7DEOHWV2QFH'DLO\
17 to <22 
37 to <49 
150 mg 
22 to <28 
49 to <62 
200 mg 
28 to <35 
62 to <77 
250 mg 
t35
t77
300 mg 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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22 July 2011 
5.3.2.
Dosing Recommendation - Oral Powder 
The tenofovir DF oral powder containing 4% weight/weight tenofovir DF can be 
administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg once daily to subjects who are d 35 kg, in the following 
manner:
Spoon 24 ounces of applesauce or an equivalent food (defined as food that does not require 
chewing) into a plastic cup or bowl without grooves. Determine the appropriate number of 
level scoops (see below) of tenofovir DF oral powder that should be removed from the 
labeled high density polyethylene HDPE bottle. Note that each scoop of powder covers a 
5 kg body weight increment. The appropriate number of scoops of powder should be 
sprinkled onto the applesauce or equivalent food (defined as food that does not require 
chewing). Fold over the applesauce or food with a spoon several times until thoroughly 
mixed. The patient should consume the entire content of the food. Pour 120 mL of water 
(4 fluid ounces) into the food cup or bowl and swirl to suspend all residual food and powder. 
Instruct patients to drink the water-food mixture followed by additional 120 mL of water 
(total of 240 mL or 8 fluid ounces). 
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8VLQJ9,5($'2UDO3RZGHU
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2UDO3RZGHU2QFH'DLO\
.LORJUDPNJ
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6FRRSVRI3RZGHU
10 to <12
22 to <26 
2.0
12 to <14
26 to <31 
2.5
14 to <17
31 to <37 
3.0
17 to <19
37 to <42 
3.5
19 to <22
42 to <49 
4.0
22 to <24
49 to <53 
4.5
24 to <27
53 to <60 
5.0
27 to <29
60 to <64 
5.5
29 to <32
64 to <71 
6.0
32 to <34
71 to <75 
6.5
34 to <35
75 to <77 
7.0
t35a
t77
7.5
a 
Subjects ! 35 kg who are unable to swallow tablet may dose with oral powder at 7.5 level scoops 
once daily. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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
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
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Refer to Exclusion Criteria in Section 4.3. Subjects must not have received therapy with 
interferon within six months prior to screening for this study. Subjects must not have 
received therapy with anti-HBV nucleotide/nucleoside within 16 weeks prior to screening for 
this study. 

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Use of the following medications is prohibited while subjects are on study drug: 
x Antiviral agents with anti-HBV activity, including lamivudine, emtricitabine, entecavir, 
adefovir, telbivudine, clevudine, or others 
x Interferon-alfa and pegylated interferon-alfa 
x Nephrotoxic agents such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, cidofovir, cisplain, foscarnet, IV 
amphotericin B, IV pentamidine, ganciclovir, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, chronic daily 
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or other agents with significant nephrotoxic 
potential 
x Hepatotoxic agents such as anabolic steroids, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, 
lovastatin, rifabutin, rifampin, simvastatin, and other agents with significant hepatotoxic 
potential 
x Competitors of renal excretion, such as probenecid 
x Systemic chemotherapeutic agents 
x Interleukin-2 [IL-2]) and other immunomodulating agents 
x Systemic corticosteroids 
x Investigational agents, except with written approval of the Sponsor 
Should subjects need to start treatment with any excluded concomitant medication, the 
Sponsor must be consulted prior to initiation of the new medication. In instances where an 
excluded medication is initiated prior to discussion with the Sponsor, the Investigator must 
notify the Sponsor as soon as s/he is aware of the use of the excluded medication. 
All concomitant medications, including vitamin supplements, herbal remedies and hormonal 
contraception, must be recorded in the appropriate section of the Case Report Forms. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
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CONFIDENTIAL 
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
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The investigator or designee (e.g., pharmacist) is responsible for ensuring adequate 
accountability of all used and unused study drug. This includes acknowledgement of receipt 
of each shipment of study drug (quantity and condition). All used and unused study drug 
dispensed to subjects must be returned to the site. 
Investigational Drug Accountability records will be provided to each study site to: 
x Record the date received and quantity of study drug. 
x Record the date, subject number, subject initials, the study drug dispensed. 
x Record the date, quantity of used and unused study drug returned. Dispensing records 
will include the initials of the person dispensing the study drug or supplies. 

6WXG\'UXJ5HWXUQRU'LVSRVDO
At the start of the study, the study monitor will evaluate each study center’s study drug 
disposal procedures and provide appropriate instruction for return or destruction of unused 
study drug supplies. If the site has an appropriate Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for 
drug destruction, the site may destroy used and unused study drug supplies performed in 
accordance with the site’s (hospital/pharmacy) SOP. If the site does not have acceptable 
procedures in place for drug destruction, arrangements will be made between the site and 
Gilead Sciences (or Gilead Sciences’ representative) for return of unused study drug 
supplies. A copy of the site’s SOP will be obtained for central files. Where possible, study 
drug will be destroyed at the site. Upon study completion, a copy of the drug accountability 
records must be filed at the site. Another copy will be returned to Gilead Sciences. If drug is 
destroyed on site, the investigator must maintain accurate records for all study drug 
destroyed. Records must show the identification and quantity of each unit destroyed, the 
method of destruction, and person who disposed of the drug. All study drug records must be 
maintained at the site and copies must be submitted to Gilead Sciences at the end of the study 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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Study procedures to be conducted for each subject enrolled in the study are presented in 
tabular form in Appendix 2 and in the text that follows. Additional information on the study 
procedures will be provided in written materials by the Contract Research Organization 
(CRO). 
Any deviation from protocol procedures should be noted in the Case Report Forms (CRFs), 
and the Sponsor or CRO should be notified. 
All protocol-specified laboratory tests on blood and urine samples must be performed at the 
selected central laboratory. Refer to the appropriate central laboratory instruction manuals for 
information on sample collection and shipment of all required study samples. 
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Each study candidate must sign an Assent Form if they have the ability to read and write, and 
each candidate’s parent or legal guardian must sign an Informed Consent Form prior to the 
conduct of any screening procedures, in accordance with regulatory and local Ethics 
Committee requirements. Screening evaluations will be used to determine the eligibility of 
each candidate for study enrollment. Candidates who fail to meet eligibility criteria by 
screening evaluations may be re-screened once t 30 days after the initial screen if there is a 
reasonable expectation that the candidate will be eligible after repeat screening.
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The following assessments and procedures will be performed and recorded on CRFs at the 
initial Screening Visit: 
x Written informed consent from parent or legal guardian and assent from subject, if 
applicable (see above) 
x Medical history, including hepatitis B history and treatment history 
x Complete physical examination (excluding breast, anorectal, and urogenital exams), vital 
signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate) 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 
 Hematology (complete blood count [CBC] with differential and platelet count) 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 

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! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t 1.5 u ULN) 
 Prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) 
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 HIV, HCV and HDV serology 
 Serum E-HCG pregnancy test (post-menarchal females only) 
 Į-fetoprotein (AFP) 
 Serum and plasma storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and adherence assessment) 
 Serum bone biochemical markers, including serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-
specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy), 1,25 
(dihydroxyvitamin) D levels, and fasting creatinine and fasting phosphate  
x Urine samples for:
 Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
 Urine bone biochemical markers, including urine bicarbonate, urine n-telopeptide, 
and spot urine creatinine and phosphate 
x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
x Review of all inclusion and exclusion criteria 
x Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan of spine and whole body (DEXA scan 
may be performed between Screening and Baseline Visits, but must be performed no later 
than the Baseline Visit, and prior to receipt of study drugs). 
Subjects meeting all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will return to 
the clinic within 30 days of the initial Screening Visit for entry into the study. All candidates 
who meet screening requirements will be randomized and enrolled into the study until the 
planned enrollment of 100 subjects has been met. 

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Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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The Baseline Visit should occur within 30 days of the initial Screening Visit. Once eligibility 
has been confirmed, subjects will be assigned a subject number and treatment arm at the time 
of randomization. All baseline tests and procedures must be completed prior to the receipt of 
the first dose of study drugs. Subjects will be dispensed study medication at the Baseline 
Visit. Study medication should be initiated within 24 hours of the Baseline Visit. 
The following assessments and procedures will be performed and recorded on CRFs at the 
Baseline Visit: 
x Review of medical history, hepatitis B history and hepatitis B treatment history on any 
changes since Screening Visit  
x Complete physical examination including Tanner Staging (excluding breast, anorectal, 
and urogenital exams), vital signs 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 
 Hematology (CBC with differential and platelet count) 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t1.5 u ULN) 
 Prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) 
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Serum bone biochemical markers, including serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-
specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy), 1,25 
(dihydroxyvitamin) D levels, and fasting creatinine and fasting phosphate
 Serum E-HCG pregnancy test (post-menarchal females only) 
 Serum for HBV viral genotyping (A–H) and resistance surveillance (sequence 
analysis of the HBV polymerase for resistance mutations) 

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 Plasma for determination of tenofovir DF concentration 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
 For subjects for whom a separate consent is provided, an appropriate blood sample 
for biomarker (including pharmacogenomic) analysis will be collected at Baseline (or 
at the subsequent visits if necessary) 
x Urine samples for:
x Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
x Urine bone biochemical markers, including urine bicarbonate, urine n-telopeptide, and 
spot urine creatinine and phosphate 
x DEXA scan of spine and whole body (DEXA scan may be performed between Screening 
and Baseline Visits, but must be performed no later than the Baseline Visit), and prior to 
receipt of study drugs. 
x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
x Study drug dispensing (including multivitamin) and instructions on appropriate dosing 
and administration 
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The following evaluations will be performed at Weeks 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 56 and 64, unless 
otherwise specified. Study visits are to be completed r 3 days of the protocol-specified visit 
date, based on the Baseline Visit. Week 48 assessments are outlined in the following section 
(Section 6.2.2).
The following assessments and procedures will be performed and recorded on CRFs: 
x Symptom-directed physical examination, including vital signs (complete physical 
examination including Tanner Staging, excluding breast, anorectal and urogenital exams, 
on Week 24 only) 
x Body weight and height  
x Blood samples for: 
 Hematology (CBC with differential and platelet count) 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t1.5 u ULN) 
 At Week 24 only: bone biochemical markers (refer to Section 6.5. for details)
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative; 
Weeks 16, 32 and 64 only) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Plasma for determination of tenofovir DF concentration 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
x Urine samples for: 
 Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
 Urine pregnancy test (for post-menarchal females only; positive urine pregnancy test 
will be immediately confirmed with a serum pregnancy test) 
x At Week 24 only: dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan of spine and whole 
body (Week 24 only; DEXA scan must be performed r 1 week from Week 24 visit) 
x Review of AEs and changes in concomitant medications 
x Retrieval of study medication and assessment of medication adherence 
x Study drug dispensing (including multivitamin) and instructions on appropriate dosing 
and administration 
Subjects who experience Grade 4 ALT while on blinded study medication will be evaluated 
weekly with serum chemistry and liver function test monitoring. In the event that any subject 
has sustained Grade 4 ALT for t 16 weeks (i.e., failure to resolve ALT to grade d 3 or 
baseline), the serial HBV DNA values on study will be provided to the investigator, and the 
subject can be offered open-label tenofovir DF, after discussion with  the Gilead Medical 
Monitor. 

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Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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Study Visit for Week 48 should be completed r 3 days of the protocol-specified visit date, 
based on the Baseline Visit. The following assessments and procedures will be performed 
and recorded on CRFs: 
x Complete physical examination including Tanner Staging (excluding breast, anorectal, 
urogenital exams), vital signs 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 
 Hematology (CBC with differential and platelet count) 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t1.5 u ULN) 
 Serum bone biochemical markers, including serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-
specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy), 1,25 
(dihydroxyvitamin) D levels, and fasting creatinine and fasting phosphate
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Serum E-HCG pregnancy test (for post-menarchal females only) 
 Plasma for determination of tenofovir DF concentration 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
x Urine samples for:
x Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
x Urine bone biochemical markers, including urine bicarbonate, urine n-telopeptide, and 
spot urine creatinine and phosphate 
x DEXA scan of spine and whole body (DEXA scans may be performed r 1 week from the 
Week 48 visit). 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
x Retrieval of study medication and assessment of medication adherence 
x Study drug dispensing (including multivitamin) and instructions on appropriate dosing 
and administration 
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Study Visit for Week 72 should be completed r 3 days of the protocol-specified visit date, 
based on the Baseline Visit.The following assessments and procedures will be performed and 
recorded on CRFs: 
x Complete physical examination including Tanner Staging (excluding breast, anorectal 
and urogenital exams), vital signs 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 
 Hematology (CBC with differential and platelet count) 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
> 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t1.5 u ULN) 
 Serum bone biochemical markers, including serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-
specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy), 1,25 
(dihydroxyvitamin) D levels, and fasting creatinine and fasting phosphate
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Serum E-HCG pregnancy test (for post-menarchal females only) 
 Resistance surveillance 
 Plasma for determination of tenofovir DF concentration 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
x Urine samples for:

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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x Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
x Urine bone biochemical markers, including urine bicarbonate, urine n-telopeptide, and 
spot urine creatinine and phosphate 
x DEXA scan of spine and whole body (DEXA scans may be performed r 1 week from the 
Week 72 visit). 
x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
x Retrieval of study medication and assessment of medication adherence 
x Study drug dispensing (including multivitamin) and instructions on appropriate dosing 
and administration 
After 72 weeks of blinded randomized treatment, each subject will switch to open-label 
tenofovir DF treatment for 2.5 additional years. An external independent multidisciplinary 
Data Monitoring Committee will review the progress and safety of this study every 24 weeks 
after the first subject is randomized. At each meeting, the DMC will review routine safety 
and DEXA data and will make recommendations regarding continuing or initiating study 
treatment. 
Subjects who discontinue the study prior to the Week 72 Visit will complete all Week 72 
assessments and procedures at an Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit, to be completed 
within 72 hours of last dose of study drug. Subsequent off-study therapy, if any, is at the 
discretion of the subject/physician and will not be provided by Gilead Sciences. Subjects who 
have received at least one dose of study drug and permanently discontinue study drug will be 
followed for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of active treatment, whichever occurs 
first. 
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After Week 72 through the end of the study (each subject completes Week 192), subjects will 
return for visits every 12 weeks (Weeks 80, 88, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180). Each 
study visit will occur r 3 days from the protocol-specified visit date. 
The following assessments and procedures will be performed during these visits and recorded 
on CRFs: 
x Symptom-directed physical examination, including vital signs (complete physical 
examination including Tanner Staging, excluding breast, anorectal, and urogenital exams, 
at Weeks 96, 120, 144, 168) 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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 Hematology (CBC with differential and platelet count) 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t 1.5 u ULN) 
 At Weeks 96 and 144: Serum bone biochemical markers, including serum 
c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, vitamin D 
levels (25-hydroxy), 1,25 (dihydroxyvitamin) D levels, and fasting creatinine and 
fasting phosphate
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
(Weeks 80, 96, and then every 12 weeks until the end of the study) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Plasma for determination of tenofovir DF concentration 
 Resistance surveillance (Week 144 only) 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
x Urine samples for: 
 Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
 Urine pregnancy test (for post-menarchal females only; positive urine pregnancy test 
will be immediately confirmed with a serum pregnancy test) 
 At Weeks 96 and 144: Urine bone biochemical markers, including urine bicarbonate, 
urine n-telopeptide, and spot urine creatinine and phosphate 
x Weeks 96 and 144 only: DEXA scan of spine and whole body (DEXA scan must be 
performed r 1 week from scheduled study visit) 
x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
x Retrieval of study medication and assessment of medication adherence 
x Study drug dispensing (including multivitamin) and instructions on appropriate dosing 
and administration 

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Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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
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Study Visit for Week 192 should be completed r 3 days of the protocol-specified visit date, 
based on the Baseline Visit.The following assessments and procedures will be performed and 
recorded on CRFs: 
x Complete physical examination including Tanner Staging (excluding breast, anorectal, 
and urogenital exams), vital signs 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 
 Hematology (CBC with differential and platelet count) 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 
creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t1.5 u ULN) 
 Serum bone biochemical markers, including serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-
specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy), 1,25 
(dihydroxyvitamin) D levels, and fasting creatinine and fasting phosphate
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Serum E-HCG pregnancy test (for post-menarchal females only) 
 Resistance surveillance 
 Plasma for determination of tenofovir DF concentration 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
x Urine samples for:
 Urinalysis (protein, glucose, blood) 
 Urine bone biochemical markers, including urine bicarbonate, urine n-telopeptide, 
and spot urine creatinine and phosphate 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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x DEXA scan of spine and whole body (DEXA scans may be performed r 1 week from the 
Week 192 visit). 
x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
x Retrieval of study medication and assessment of medication adherence 
Subjects who discontinue the study prior to the Week 192 Visit will complete all Week 192 
assessments and procedures at an Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit, to be completed 
within 72 hours of last dose of study drug. Subsequent off-study therapy, if any, is at the 
discretion of the subject/physician and will not be provided by Gilead Sciences. Subjects who 
have received at least one dose of study drug and permanently discontinue study drug will be 
followed for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of active treatment, whichever occurs 
first. 
The study treatment will end after the each subject reaches Week 192. At Week 192, all 
active subjects will be offered tenofovir DF through a roll-over protocol until it becomes 
commercially available for the indication and age group studied in this protocol.
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)RUVXEMHFWVZLWKNQRZQEULGJLQJILEURVLVRUFLUUKRVLVVWXG\GUXJGLVFRQWLQXDWLRQZLWK
WUHDWPHQWIUHHIROORZXSLVFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGGXHWRWKHSRWHQWLDOULVNRIH[DFHUEDWLRQRI
KHSDWLWLVLQWKHVHWWLQJRIORZKHSDWLFUHVHUYHZKLFKFRXOGOHDGWRGHFRPSHQVDWLRQ
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Subjects who have received at least one dose of study drug and permanently discontinue 
study drug will be followed for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of active treatment, 
whichever occurs first. 
For those subjects who remain off treatment, the following evaluations are to be completed 
every 4 weeks through the Week 24 Follow-Up Visit (Follow-Up Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 
24):
x Symptom-directed physical examination, including vital signs 
x Body weight and height 
x Blood samples for: 
 Serum chemistry and liver function tests, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 
AST, ALT, total bilirubin (reflex to direct [conjugated] bilirubin if total bilirubin 
! 1.5 u ULN), bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, CPK, creatinine (and calculated 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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creatinine clearance), glucose, LDH, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, 
uric acid, and amylase (reflex lipase testing if total amylase is t1.5 u ULN) 
 Hepatitis B serology (HBeAg and HBsAg; reflex HBeAb and HBsAb if Ag negative) 
(Follow-Up Week 24 only) 
 Plasma HBV DNA (PCR method) 
 Serum and plasma for storage (for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays, 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment) 
 Prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) (reflex test in case of 
post-treatment exacerbation of hepatitis) 
x Review of AEs and concomitant medications 
Subjects experiencing post-treatment exacerbation of hepatitis during the 24-week 
post-treatment period should be followed weekly until their ALT levels return to Grade 2 or 
baseline, as described in the Toxicity Management section of the protocol (Section 7.6.)
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Subjects who permanently discontinue study drug prior to the end of the study will be asked 
to return to the clinic within 72 hours of stopping study drug for an Early Study Drug 
Discontinuation Visit. Subjects who discontinue the study prior to the Week 192 Visit will 
complete all Week 192 assessments and procedures (see Section 6.2.5 above). DEXA scans 
(spine and whole body) and bone biochemical markers will not be required at the Early 
Discontinuation Visit if the last measurement was performed d 12 weeks earlier. Subjects 
who have received at least one dose of study drug and permanently discontinue study drug 
will be followed with visits every 4 weeks for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of 
active treatment, whichever occurs first. Subsequent off-study therapy, if any, is at the 
discretion of the subject/physician and will not be provided by Gilead Sciences. 
Subjects experiencing post-treatment exacerbation of hepatitis during the 24-week 
post-treatment period should be followed weekly until their ALT levels return to Grade 2 or 
baseline, as described in the Toxicity Management section of the protocol (Section 7.6).

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Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans will be performed between the Screening 
and the Baseline Visits, at Weeks 24, 48, 72, 96, and then every 48 weeks through the end of 
study, and the Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit, if applicable, using pediatric software 
approved by the DEXA vendor selected by Gilead Sciences. 5DQGRPL]DWLRQPD\QRWRFFXU
XQWLODIWHUWKH%DVHOLQHSUHWUHDWPHQW'(;$VFDQKDVEHHQSHUIRUPHGIn addition, a 
DEXA scan will be performed at the time of switch in subjects switching from placebo to 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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tenofovir DF. DEXA scan will not be required at the Early Discontinuation Visit or at the 
time of switch if the last DEXA scan was performed d 12 weeks earlier. Scans will be made 
of the spine and whole body to measure changes in bone mineral density and bone mineral 
content. All DEXA scan results (spine bone mineral density, whole body bone mineral 
density) will be provided to the study sites. 
A complete description of the procedures to be performed for the DEXA scans will be 
provided by the DEXA vendor in a DEXA procedure manual. 
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Laboratory samples will be taken at screening, baseline and at Weeks 24, 48, 72, 96 and then 
every 48 weeks through the end of study, and the Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit, if 
applicable, for measuring bone biochemical markers. In addition, bone biochemical markers 
will be measured at the time of switch in subjects switching from placebo to tenofovir DF. 
Bone biochemical marker measurements will not be required at the Early Discontinuation 
Visit or at the time of switch if the last measurement was performed d 12 weeks earlier. 
Analyses will include measurements of urine bicarbonate and n-telopeptide; measurements of 
serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and vitamin D 
levels (25-hydroxy) and1,25 (dihydroxyvitamin) D levels; and fasting serum creatinine/ 
phosphate and urine creatinine (spot)/phosphate for measurement of renal excretion of 
calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium through calculation of the renal phosphate threshold 
(TmP/GFR). 
The mean of the Screening and Baseline Visit values will constitute the study baseline value 
to which all subsequent values will be compared. Bone biochemical markers can be affected 
by the time of day (diurnal variation) and food. Therefore, subjects will be asked to report for 
each of these visits in the morning in a fasted state or, if fasting is not feasible, at the same 
time (r 2 hours from the Baseline Visit draw time) at each subsequent visit. All samples will 
be sent to a central laboratory in accordance with the laboratory procedure manual. Bone 
biochemical marker results will not be provided to the study sites. 
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An intensive PK substudy will be performed on a subset of subjects following 4 weeks of 
dosing to evaluate the PK of tenofovir DF. PK sampling will occur over a period of 12 hours. 
Specimens will be drawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after tenofovir DF has been dosed. For 
the purpose of scheduling, the PK visit does not have to occur on the same day as the Week 4 
Visit, but should occur within 2 weeks of the scheduled visit date. All specimens will be sent 
to an external lab for analysis. Details of the substudy procedures and specimen management 
will be documented in the PK manual. 

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Additional blood (plasma and serum) samples will be collected at each visit for long-term 
storage and possible future testing for potential pharmacokinetic and/or virologic assays ( 
including resistance surveillance, HBsAg quantification and compliance assessment). No 
human genetic testing will be performed. At the conclusion of this study, these samples may 
be retained in storage for a period of up to 15 years.  

5HVLVWDQFH6XUYHLOODQFH
The objectives of the resistance surveillance are: (1) to identify mutations in the HBV 
polymerase gene from HBV subject isolates that are potentially associated with virological 
resistance to tenofovir DF, (2) to determine the correlation of the effects of these mutations to 
the clinical response to tenofovir DF therapy, (3) to determine whether these mutations alter 
antiviral susceptibility to tenofovir DF using in vitro HBV replication assays, and (4) to 
evaluate the cross resistance profile of these mutations. 
Genotypic sequence analysis of the HBV polymerase for resistance mutations will be 
conducted at Baseline for all subjects, and attempted for all viremic subjects (HBV 
DNA t 400 copies/mL) at Weeks 72, 144, and 192, as well as at the Early Discontinuation 
Visit, if applicable. Serum for storage will be collected at every visit for possible virologic 
analyses (see Section 6.7).

&ULWHULDIRU'LVFRQWLQXDWLRQRI6WXG\7UHDWPHQW
Study medication may be discontinued in the following instances: 
x Intercurrent illness that would, in the judgment of the investigator, affect assessments of 
clinical status to a significant degree 
x Unacceptable toxicity, as defined in the toxicity management section of the protocol, or 
toxicity that, in the judgment of the investigator, compromises the ability to continue 
study-specific procedures or is considered to not be in the subject’s best interest 
x Subject or legal guardian requests to discontinue for any reason 
x Subject noncompliance 
x Pregnancy during the study 
x Discontinuation of the study at the request of Gilead Sciences, regulatory agency or an 
IRB/IEC 

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
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An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subject 
administered a medicinal product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship 
with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, 
or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not 
considered related to the medicinal product. 
x
AEs also include the following:  
x
Pre-or post-treatment complications that occur as a result of protocol mandated 
procedures (e.g., invasive procedures such as venipuncture, biopsy) during or after 
screening (before the administration of study drug). 
x
Any pre-existing condition that increases in severity, or changes in nature during or as 
a consequence of the study drug phase of a human clinical trial, will also be considered 
an AE. 
x
Complications and terminations of pregnancy (see Section 7.7 for additional 
information) 
All AEs that occur after the subject consents to participate in the study and throughout the 
duration of the study, including the follow-up off-study medication period should be 
recorded as an AE. 
An AE does not include the following: 
x Medical or surgical procedures (e.g., surgery, endoscopy, tooth extraction, transfusion) 
performed; the condition that leads to the procedure is an adverse event 
x Pre-existing diseases or conditions or laboratory abnormalities present or detected before 
the screening visit that do not worsen 
x Situations where an untoward medical occurrence has not occurred (e.g., hospitalization 
for elective surgery, social and/or convenience admissions) 
x Overdose without clinical sequelae (see Section 7.3.1., 2YHUGRVH
x Any medical condition or clinically significant laboratory abnormality with an onset date 
before the consent form is signed and not related to a protocol-associated procedure is not 
an AE. It is considered to be pre-existing and should be documented on the medical 
history eCRF. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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x Uncomplicated pregnancy 
x An induced elective abortion to terminate a pregnancy without medical reason. 

$VVHVVPHQWRI$GYHUVH(YHQWV
All AEs will be assessed by the investigator and recorded on the AE CRF page. The AE 
entry should indicate whether or not the AE was serious, the start date (AE onset), the stop 
date (date of AE resolution), whether or not the AE was related to study drug or to a study 
procedure, the action taken with study drug due to the AE, and the severity of the AE. 
The relationship to study drug therapy should be assessed using clinical judgment and the 
following definitions: 
x 1R: Evidence exists that the adverse event has an etiology other than the study drug. For 
SAEs, an alternative causality must be provided (e.g., pre-existing condition, underlying 
disease, intercurrent illness, or concomitant medication).  
x <HV: A temporal relationship exists between the AE onset and administration of the study 
drug that cannot be readily explained by the subject’s clinical state or concomitant 
therapies. Furthermore, the AE appears with some degree of certainty to be related, based 
on the known therapeutic and pharmacologic actions or adverse event profile of the study 
drug. In case of cessation or reduction of the dose, the AE abates or resolves and 
reappears upon rechallenge.  
It should be emphasized that ineffective treatment should not be considered as causally 
related in the context of adverse event reporting. 
The relationship to study procedures (e.g., invasive procedures such as venipuncture or 
biopsy) should be assessed using the following definitions: 
x 1REvidence exists that the adverse event has an etiology other than the study procedure. 
x <HV The adverse event occurred as a result of protocol-mandated procedures such as 
venipuncture, biopsy or diagnostic tests. 

6HULRXV$GYHUVH(YHQWV
A VHULRXVDGYHUVHHYHQW (SAE) is defined as follows: 
Any adverse drug experience occurring at any dose that results in any of the following 
outcomes:
x Death 
x Life-threatening situation (subject is at LPPHGLDWHrisk of death) 

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x In-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization (excluding those for 
study therapy or placement of an indwelling catheter, unless associated with other SAEs) 
x Persistent or significant disability/incapacity 
x Congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a subject who received study drug 
x Other: medically significant events that may not be immediately life-threatening or result 
in death or hospitalization, but based upon appropriate medical and scientific judgment, 
may jeopardize the subject or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one 
of the outcomes listed above 
x Examples of such events are as follows: 
 Intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home for allergic bronchospasm 
 Blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do not result in hospitalization 
 Development of drug dependency or drug abuse 
)RUWKHSXUSRVHVRIWKLVVWXG\ in addition to the above criteria, the following must be 
reported as SAE’s: 
x Serum ALT ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN, with or without associated symptoms. 
x Confirmed ALT elevation (defined as 1-grade shift or 2 u previous value) associated with 
confirmed changes outside of the normal range in other laboratory parameters suggestive 
of worsening hepatic function (total bilirubin t 2 mg/dL above baseline, abnormal 
PT t 2 seconds or INR t 0.5 over baseline, abnormal serum albumin t 1 g/dL below 
baseline or elevated serum lactate levels (if available), defined as 2 u ULN per the Adult 
AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) guidelines). 
x Any clinical manifestations of hepatic decompensation (variceal bleeding, hepatic 
encephalopathy, or worsening of ascites requiring diuretics or paracentesis). 
&ODULILFDWLRQRI6HULRXV$GYHUVH(YHQWV
x Death is an outcome of an AE, and not an adverse event in itself.  
x The subject may not have been on study drug at the occurrence of the event. Dosing may 
have been given as treatment cycles or interrupted temporarily before the onset of the 
SAE, but may have contributed to the event. 
x “Life-threatening” means that the subject was at immediate risk of death from the event 
as it occurred. This does not include an event that might have led to death if it had 
occurred with greater severity. 

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x Complications that occur during hospitalizations are AEs. If a complication prolongs the 
hospitalization, it is a SAE. 
x “In-patient hospitalization” means the subject has been formally admitted to a hospital for 
medical reasons, for any length of time. This may or may not be overnight. It does not 
include presentation and care within an emergency department. 
x The investigator should attempt to establish a diagnosis of the event on the basis of signs, 
symptoms and/or other clinical information. In such cases, the diagnosis should be 
documented as the AE and/or SAE and not the individual signs/symptoms. 
x A distinction should be drawn between seriousness and severity of AEs. An AE that is 
assessed as Grade 4 (potentially life-threatening) should not be confused with an SAE. 
Severity is a category utilized for rating the intensity of an event; and both AEs and SAEs 
can be assessed as Grade 4. An event is defined as “serious” when it meets one of the 
predefined outcomes described above in Section 7.3.

2YHUGRVH
A dose known to have been taken (accidentally or intentionally) exceeding the dose as 
prescribed by the protocol, misuse or abuse of blinded study medication or Gilead study 
drug, as well as any Gilead product taken as a concomitant medication, whether suspected or 
confirmed, and whether or not associated with an adverse experience, must be reported using 
the Gilead Drug Safety & Public Health (DSPH) Clinical Overdose form. The completed 
form must be forwarded within 24 hours to the Gilead Drug Safety & Public Health, or if 
applicable, the CRO. 
Overdose will be considered an SAE only if any of the seriousness criteria are met. Any 
clinical sequelae in association with the overdose should be reported as an AE (as outlined in 
Section 7.1.) or SAE (as outlined in Section 7.3.). Details of signs or symptoms, clinical 
management and outcome should be reported, if available. 

6HULRXV$GYHUVH(YHQW5HSRUWLQJ5HTXLUHPHQWV

$OO6HULRXV$GYHUVH(YHQWV
Gilead is required to expedite to worldwide regulatory authorities reports of Serious Adverse 
Events, Serious Adverse Drug Reactions or Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse 
Reactions (SUSARs) in line with relevant legislation, including the European Commission 
Clinical Trials Directive (2001/20/EC); therefore, Gilead (or the CRO on the behalf of 
Gilead) must be notified immediately regarding the occurrence of any SAE or SADR that 
occurs after the subject consents to participate in the study, including SAEs/SADRs resulting 
from protocol-associated procedures as defined in relevant legislation including 2001/20/EC, 
performed from screening onwards. The procedures for reporting all SAEs, regardless of 
causal relationship, are as follows: 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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
3RVW6WXG\5HSRUWLQJ5HTXLUHPHQWV
All AEs and SAEs including deaths, regardless of cause or relationship, must be reported for 
subjects on study through the protocol-required post-treatment follow-up.
Any SAEs and deaths that occur after the post-treatment follow-up visit but within 30 days of 
the last dose of investigational medicinal product, regardless of causality, should also be 
reported.
Investigators are not obligated to actively seek out SAEs beyond the follow-up period for 
subjects. However, if the investigator learns of an AE or SAE occurring after the 
completion/termination visit and the event is deemed by the investigator to be probably or 
possibly related to the use of study drugs, he/she should promptly document and report the 
event to Gilead Sciences. 

&OLQLFDO/DERUDWRU\$EQRUPDOLWLHVDQG2WKHU$EQRUPDO$VVHVVPHQWVDV
$GYHUVH(YHQWVRU6HULRXV$GYHUVH(YHQWV
Laboratory abnormalities are usually not recorded as AEs or SAEs. However, laboratory 
abnormalities (e.g. clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis) independent of the underlying 
medical condition that require medical or surgical intervention or lead to study drug 
interruption or discontinuation must be recorded as an AE, as well as an SAE, if applicable. 
In addition, laboratory or other abnormal assessments (e.g., electrocardiogram, X-rays, vital 
signs) that are associated with signs and/or symptoms must be recorded as an AE or SAE if 
they meet the definition of an AE (or SAE) as described in Sections 7.1 and 7.3. If the 
laboratory abnormality is part of a syndrome, record the syndrome or diagnosis. 
Severity should be recorded and graded according to the GSI Grading Scale for Severity of 
Adverse Events and Laboratory Abnormalities (Appendix 4).
For adverse events associated with laboratory abnormalities, the event should be graded on 
the basis of the clinical severity in the context of the underlying conditions; this may or may 
not be in agreement with the grading of the laboratory abnormality. 

7R[LFLW\0DQDJHPHQW
All clinical toxicities and/or abnormal laboratory findings should be investigated for etiology 
and graded according to the uniform guidelines detailed in Appendix 4 The Gilead Sciences 
Medical Monitor is available for consultation on all medical and toxicity-related issues. 
All clinical and clinically significant laboratory toxicities will be managed according to 
uniform guidelines detailed in Appendix 4.
Grade 3 and 4 clinically significant laboratory abnormalities should be confirmed by repeat 
testing within 3 calendar days of receipt of results and before study drug discontinuation, 
unless such a delay is not consistent with good medical practice. 

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Clinical events and clinically significant laboratory abnormalities will be graded according to 
the GSI Grading Scale for Severity of Adverse Events and Laboratory Abnormalities 
(Appendix 4).
When restarting study drug following resolution of the adverse event, the study drug should 
be restarted at full dose or modified dose dependent upon discussion with the Gilead 
Sciences Medical Monitor. 
Any recurrence of the study drug-related Grade 3 or 4 clinical or clinically significant 
laboratory adverse event following dose interruption mandates permanent discontinuation of 
study drug. 
Any questions regarding toxicity management should be directed to the Gilead Sciences 
Medical Monitor. 

*UDGHVDQG/DERUDWRU\$EQRUPDOLW\RU&OLQLFDO(YHQW
Continue study drug at the discretion of the investigator. 

*UDGH/DERUDWRU\$EQRUPDOLW\RU&OLQLFDO(YHQW
For Grade 3 clinically significant laboratory abnormality or clinical event, study drug may be 
continued if the event is considered to be unrelated to study drug. 
For a Grade 3 clinical event, or clinically significant laboratory abnormality confirmed by 
repeat testing, that is considered to be related to study drug, study drug should be withheld 
until the toxicity returns to d Grade 2. 
If a laboratory abnormality recurs to t Grade 3 following rechallenge with study drug and is 
considered related to study drug, then study drug should be permanently discontinued and the 
subject managed according to local practice. Recurrence of laboratory abnormalities 
considered unrelated to study drug may not require permanent discontinuation. 

*UDGH/DERUDWRU\$EQRUPDOLW\RU&OLQLFDO(YHQW
For a Grade 4 clinical event or clinically significant Grade 4 laboratory abnormality 
confirmed by repeat testing that is considered related to study drug, study drug should be 
permanently discontinued and the subject managed according to local practice. The subject 
should be followed as clinically indicated until the laboratory abnormality returns to baseline 
or is otherwise explained, whichever occurs first. A clinically significant Grade 4 laboratory 
abnormality that is not confirmed by repeat testing should be managed according to the 
algorithm for the new toxicity grade. 
Study drug may be continued without dose interruption for a clinically non-significant 
Grade 4 laboratory abnormality (e.g., Grade 4 CPK after strenuous exercise, or triglyceride 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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elevation that is nonfasting or that can be medically managed) or a clinical event considered 
unrelated to study drug. 

0DQDJHPHQWRI(OHYDWHG6HUXP&UHDWLQLQHDQG'HFUHDVHG&UHDWLQLQH
&OHDUDQFH
x Glomerular filtration rate (estimated creatinine clearance) will be calculated at each visit 
using the Schwartz Formula for subjects ages 2 to <12 as follows: 
Schwartz Formula (mL/min/1.73 m2) = k u L/Scr 
[(k is a proportionality constant: pediatric males/females t 2 years to < 12 years k = 0.55; 
for adolescent females t 12 years old, k = 0.55, and for adolescent males t 12 years, 
k = 0.70); L is height in centimeters (cm); and Scr is serum creatinine (mg/dL)] 
x If creatinine clearance decreases to  50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (confirmed) at any time during 
the study, study drug should be permanently discontinued, followed by 24 weeks of 
monthly monitoring in treatment-free follow up if alternative HBV therapy is not 
initiated. 
x Subjects with estimated creatinine clearance  70 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum creatinine 
increased t 0.5 mg/dL above baseline should have the serum creatinine and creatinine 
clearance confirmed by repeating testing within three calendar days of receipt of results 
and before study drug discontinuation, unless such a delay is not consistent with good 
medical practice. 
x Subjects with confirmed estimated creatinine clearance  70 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum 
creatinine increased t 0.5 mg/dL above baseline should have study medication 
discontinued, and the subject should be followed weekly for two weeks. After two weeks, 
if the estimated creatinine clearance is t 70 mL/min/1.73/m2, study medication may be 
resumed, with monitoring as described below. If the estimated estimated creatinine 
clearance remains  70 mL/min/1.73 m2, study drug should be permanently discontinued, 
followed by 24 weeks of monthly monitoring in treatment-free follow up if alternative 
HBV therapy is not initiated. 
x The serum creatinine and estimated creatinine clearance should be rechecked within two 
weeks after restarting treatment to ensure that the subject has stabilized. Once this has 
been determined, the subject should be evaluated at regularly scheduled study visits. 
x If creatinine clearance decreases to  70 mL/min/1.73 m2 (confirmed) following 
rechallenge with study drug, study drug should be permanently discontinued, followed by 
24 weeks of monthly monitoring in treatment-free follow up if alternative HBV therapy 
is not initiated. 

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
6SHFLDO&RQVLGHUDWLRQV'XULQJ%OLQGHG7UHDWPHQW±*UDGH$/7
0DQDJHPHQW
Subjects who experience Grade 4 ALT while on blinded study medication will be evaluated 
weekly with serum chemistry and liver function test monitoring. In the event that any subject 
has sustained Grade 4 ALT for t 16 weeks (i.e., failure to resolve ALT to grade d 3 or 
baseline), the serial HBV DNA values on study will be provided to the investigator, and the 
subject can be offered open-label tenofovir DF, after discussion with  the Gilead Medical 
Monitor.  

2Q7UHDWPHQW$/7)ODUHDQG3RVW7UHDWPHQW([DFHUEDWLRQRI+HSDWLWLV
0DQDJHPHQW
)RUVXEMHFWVZLWKEULGJLQJILEURVLVRUFLUUKRVLVVWXG\GUXJGLVFRQWLQXDWLRQZLWK
WUHDWPHQWIUHHIROORZXSLVFRQWUDLQGLFDWHGGXHWRWKHSRWHQWLDOULVNRIH[DFHUEDWLRQRI
KHSDWLWLVLQWKHVHWWLQJRIORZKHSDWLFUHVHUYHZKLFKFRXOGOHDGWRGHFRPSHQVDWLRQ
6XEMHFWVZLWKEULGJLQJILEURVLVRUFLUUKRVLVVKRXOGEHSODFHGRQFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOH
+%9WKHUDS\IROORZLQJVWXG\GUXJGLVFRQWLQXDWLRQ
On-Treatment ALT Flare and Post-Treatment Exacerbation of Hepatitis are defined as: 
x Serum ALT ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN, with or without associated symptoms OR 
x Confirmed ALT elevation (defined as 1-grade shift or 2 u previous value) associated with 
confirmed changes outside of the normal range in other laboratory parameters suggestive 
of worsening hepatic function (total bilirubin t 2 mg/dL above baseline, abnormal 
PT t 2 seconds or INR t 0.5 over baseline, abnormal serum albumin t 1 g/dL below 
baseline or elevated serum lactate levels (if available), defined as 2 u ULN per the Adult 
AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) guidelines). 
7.6.6.1.
Management of ALT Flare in Subjects Receiving Study Medication 
If laboratory results indicate (1) elevation of ALT ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN OR 
(2) abnormal laboratory parameters suggestive of worsening hepatic function (abnormal 
bilirubin t 2mg/dL above baseline, abnormal PT t 2 sec above baseline, INR t 0.5 above 
baseline, abnormal albumin t 1 g/dL decrease from baseline or elevated serum lactate 
levels ! 2 u ULN along with any ALT elevation (i.e., grade shift or 2 u previous value), the 
following is recommended: 
x Schedule the subject to return to the clinic as soon as possible and ideally no later than 
one week after the initial labs were drawn. During the visit, perform a clinical assessment 
of the subject. The assessment should include a physical examination and evaluation of 
the subject’s mental status.  

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x Draw blood samples, request lactate testing and send for confirmation of elevated serum 
transaminases (ALT/AST), total bilirubin and PT/INR, and albumin. [Note: If, in the 
investigator’s judgment, the central laboratory cannot provide adequate turn around time, 
the confirmation test may also be performed at a local laboratory. However, the central 
laboratory results are considered definitive]. 
If the elevations are confirmed, request the central clinical laboratory to conduct reflex 
testing for serum HBV DNA, HBV serology (HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBsAg), HDV, HAV 
IgM, and HCV serology.  
Based on the results of the confirmatory tests, the following treatment modifications are 
recommended:
(OHYDWHG/LYHU(Q]\PHV1RUPDO%LOLUXELQ1RUPDO37,151RUPDO$OEXPLQ1RUPDO
/DFWDWH
If ALT and/or AST levels are elevated (i.e., ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN) but total 
bilirubin and PT/INR, albumin and lactate are normal, the subject may remain on study 
medication and should be monitored every week until ALT/AST return to normal or baseline 
levels. During monitoring: 
x If ALT/AST levels decline within 4 weeks, the subject should remain on study and return 
to the clinic per protocol. 
x If after 4 weeks of monitoring, ALT/AST values remain elevated (e.g., ! 2 u baseline 
and ! 10 u ULN) or have worsened, with bilirubin d 2.5 × ULN, PT d 1.5 u ULN, or 
abnormal albumin or lactate levels, the investigator should consult with the Gilead 
Medical Monitor. 
x If ALT remains ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN and the bilirubin or PT values are 
confirmed at ! 2.5 u ULN or ! 1.5 u ULN, respectively, the investigator should consider 
discontinuing study medication and initiating alternative HBV therapy (see below). 
However, prior to initiating alternative therapy, medical management of the subject 
should be discussed with the Gilead Medical Monitor. (Note: Once a subject has started 
alternative therapy, s/he must be discontinued from the study.) 
(OHYDWHG/LYHU(Q]\PHV(OHYDWHG%LOLUXELQDQG37,15!*UDGH6\PSWRPDWLF
(OHYDWHG/DFWDWH!u8/1RU$V\PSWRPDWLF(OHYDWHG/DFWDWH!u8/1
If ALT/AST values are elevated (i.e., ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN) and bilirubin or PT 
values are confirmed at ! 2.5 u ULN or ! 1.5 u ULN , respectively, or lactate levels are 
increased (symptomatic and ! 2 u ULN or asymptomatic and ! 4 u ULN) the investigator 
should consider discontinuing study medication and initiating alternative HBV treatment. 
The subject must be monitored weekly for as long as enzyme levels and bilirubin and 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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PT/INR remain elevated or above baseline values. Refer to Appendix 6 for specific 
guidelines for the management of symptomatic and asymptomatic hyperlactatemia. 
x If the ALT/AST levels return to the baseline level and/or Grade 2 or lower during the first 
8 weeks of monitoring, study medication may be resumed. 
x If the ALT/AST levels, bilirubin, PT/INR or lactate levels remain elevated up through 
Week 8 or deteriorate at any point, the investigator should consult with the Gilead 
Medical Monitor. 
7.6.6.2.
Management of Exacerbation of Hepatitis in Subjects Who Have 
Discontinued Study Medication 
If laboratory results indicate (1) an ALT elevation ! 2 u baseline and ! 10 u ULN OR 
(2) abnormal laboratory parameters suggestive of worsening hepatic function 
(bilirubin t 2 mg/dL above baseline, abnormal PT t 2 secs above baseline, abnormal 
albumin t 1 g/dL below baseline or elevated lactate levels ! 2 u ULN) along with any ALT 
elevation (i.e., 1 grade shift or 2 u previous value) and the subject is on no post-study therapy 
for HBV, the following is recommended: 
x Schedule the subject to return to the clinic as soon as possible and ideally no later 
than 1 week after the initial labs were drawn. During the visit, perform a clinical 
assessment of the subject. The assessment should include a physical examination and 
evaluation of the subject’s mental status. 
x Draw blood samples and request lactate testing and confirmation of elevated serum 
transaminases (ALT/AST), bilirubin, PT/INR, and albumin. [Note: If, in the 
investigator’s judgment, the central lab cannot provide adequate turn around time, the 
confirmation test may also be performed at a local lab. However, the central lab results 
are considered definitive]. 
x If the elevations are confirmed (e.g., ALT ! 2 u baseline and > 10 u ULN) 
OR (2) abnormal laboratory parameters suggestive of worsening hepatic function 
(abnormal bilirubin t 2 mg/dL above baseline, abnormal PT t 2 secs above baseline, 
abnormal albumin t 1 g/dL below baseline, or elevated lactate levels ! 2 u ULN) along 
with any ALT elevation (i.e., 1 grade shift or 2 u previous value), request the clinical 
laboratory to conduct reflex testing for serum HBV DNA, HBV serology 
(HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBsAg), HDV, HAV IgM and HCV. If serum HBV DNA is 
increasing, the investigator should consider immediate initiation of approved therapy. 
x The subject should be followed until the abnormal ALT/AST values, bilirubin, PT/INR, 
albumin or lactate laboratory parameters return to normal or baseline up to a maximum of 
6 months after the initial occurrence of the event. Refer to Appendix 6 for specific 
guidelines for the management of symptomatic and asymptomatic hyperlactatemia. 

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
5LVNVIRU:RPHQRI&KLOGEHDULQJ3RWHQWLDORU'XULQJ3UHJQDQF\
The risks of treatment with tenofovir DFduring pregnancy have not been evaluated in 
pregnant women. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects of TDF 
with respect to pregnancy. Tenofovir DF is known to be excreted in human breast milk, so 
lactating females must discontinue nursing prior to study drug administration. Please refer to 
the latest version of the Investigator’s Brochure for additional information. 

'HILQLWLRQRI&KLOGEHDULQJ3RWHQWLDO
For the purposes of this study, a female subject of childbearing potential is a pubertal female 
regardless of whether or not she has had a menses (premenarchal, Tanner Stage 3). This also 
includes a woman who has not had a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or medically 
documented ovarian failure.  

&RQWUDFHSWLYH5HTXLUHPHQWV
Female study subjects of childbearing potential who are not heterosexually active should 
have periodic confirmation of continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse and 
regular pregnancy testing while taking tenofovir DF. Female study subjects of childbearing 
potential should be counseled appropriately on the protocol-recommended method(s) for 
avoiding pregnancy in case the subject chooses to engage in heterosexual intercourse. 
Female subjects of childbearing potential who engage in heterosexual intercourse must either 
agree to use protocol-recommended method(s) of contraception or agree to abstain from 
heterosexual intercourse from the Screening/Enrollment Visit throughout the study period 
and for 30 days following the last dose of tenofovir DF. The investigator should counsel 
subjects on the protocol-recommended method(s) for avoiding pregnancy during the trial. 
These methods are recommended due to the low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year). See 
Table 7-1 for the protocol-recommended methods.  
Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at 
Screening and Baseline (Day 1) prior to receiving the first dose of study drug. Lactating 
females must discontinue nursing before investigational medicinal product administration. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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Injection plus barrier 
7ZR%DUULHU0HWKRGV
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Female barrier/spermicide plus condom  
Female subjects who utilize hormonal contraceptives as one of their birth control methods 
must have used the same method for at least 3 months before study dosing. 
Other contraceptive methods may be acceptable after discussion with the Medical Monitor. 

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The investigator must report all pregnancies to Gilead Sciences DSPH within 24 hours of 
becoming aware of the pregnancy. Any pregnancies that occur within 30 days of last 
investigational medicinal product dose should also be reported.  The subject must be 
instructed to discontinue all investigational medicinal products and inform the investigator 
LPPHGLDWHO\ if she becomes pregnant or suspects that she is pregnant during the study. 
The investigator should counsel the subject regarding the possible effects of prior 
investigational medicinal product exposure on the fetus and the need to inform the study site 
of the outcome of the pregnancy. 
The pregnancy itself is not considered an AE nor is an induced elective abortion to terminate 
a pregnancy without medical reasons. 
However, an induced therapeutic abortion to terminate any pregnancy due to complications 
or other medical reasons will be recorded as an AE or an SAE. The underlying medical 
reason for this procedure should be recorded as the adverse event term. 
A spontaneous abortion is always considered to be an SAE and will be reported as described 
in the Adverse and Serious Adverse Events section. Furthermore, any SAE occurring as an 
adverse pregnancy outcome post-study must be reported to Gilead Sciences DSPH or the 
CRO. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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All pregnancies of female study subjects that occur during the study should be reported using 
the Pregnancy Report CRF page and the Gilead DSPH Pregnancy form and Pregnancy 
Outcome form. Monitoring of the subject should continue until the conclusion of the 
pregnancy. If the end of the pregnancy occurs after the study has been completed, the 
outcome should be reported directly to Gilead Sciences DSPH, fax number +1 650 522-5477 
or email safety_fc@gilead.com. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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
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The primary objective of this study is: 
x To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of tenofovir DF versus placebo in pediatric patients 
(aged 2 to <12 years, at the time of enrollment) with chronic hepatitis B infection 
Secondary objectives are: 
x To characterize the safety and tolerability profile of tenofovir DF in pediatric patients 
(aged 2 to <12 years, at the time of enrollment) with chronic hepatitis B infection 
x To evaluate the biochemical and serological responses to tenofovir DF versus placebo  
x To evaluate the incidence of potential resistance mutations to tenofovir DF in the 
hepatitis B virus polymerase 

3ULPDU\(QGSRLQW
The primary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of subjects with serum HBV DNA 
 400 copies/mL at Week 72. A long-term evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm 
will be employed for handling missing data; the details of this algorithm will be included in a 
separate statistical analysis plan. 

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For Week 72, secondary endpoints to be evaluated in all subjects include: 
x proportion of subjects with normal ALT and normalization of ALT 
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  400 copies/mL and 
normal ALT 
x proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  169 copies/mL 
x proportions of subjects with HBsAg loss and seroconversion 
x genotypic changes from baseline within the HBV polymerase for subjects who were 
viremic (HBV DNAt 400 copies/mL) at Weeks 72, 144, 192 or Early Discontinuation; 
with confirmed virologic breakthrough 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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x cumulative incidence of at least a 4% decrease from baseline in bone mineral density of 
lumbar spine  
x percent change from baseline in bone mineral density of lumbar spine 

2WKHU(QGSRLQWVRI,QWHUHVW
For Week 72, secondary endpoints to be evaluated in HBeAg-positive subjects include: 
x proportions of subjects with HBeAg loss and seroconversion 
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  400 copies/mL, normal 
ALT and HBeAg loss 
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  400 copies/mL, normal 
ALT, and HBeAg seroconversion. 
For Week 72, secondary endpoints to be evaluated in subjects with abnormal ALT at baseline 
include: 
x proportion of subjects with normalized ALT 
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  400 copies/mL and 
normalized ALT 
For Week 72, secondary endpoints to be evaluated in HBeAg-positive subjects with 
abnormal ALT at baseline include:  
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  400 copies/mL, 
normalized ALT and HBeAg loss  
x composite endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA  400 copies/mL, 
normalized ALT, and HBeAg seroconversion. 
For all categorical secondary endpoints, missing data will be handled using a long-term 
evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm, as noted in Section 8.2.
All endpoints at Week 72 will also be analyzed at Weeks 144 and 192. 

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All summary tables for efficacy endpoints will present data by randomization stratification 
groups (age [2 to < 6 or 6 to < 12], geographical location [North America/Europe, and Asia]), 
treatment naïve and treatment experience and overall. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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
$QDO\VLV6HWV
8.5.1.1.
Efficacy 
The primary analysis set for efficacy analyses will be defined as all randomized subjects who 
received at least one dose of study drug (referred to hereafter as the full analysis set [FAS]). 
Subjects who withdraw after randomization prior to receiving study drug will be excluded 
from the FAS. Subjects discontinuing randomized therapy prior to Week 72 will be handled 
using a long-term evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm, as noted in Section 8.2,
for the purpose of the primary efficacy analysis. Subjects will be analyzed according to the 
randomized treatment assignment. 
8.5.1.2.
Safety 
The primary analysis set for safety analyses will include all randomized subjects who 
received at least one dose of study drug. All data collected during the course of the study (on 
treatment and during treatment-free follow up) will be included in the safety summaries. 
Subjects will be analyzed according to the treatment actually received. 
8.5.1.3.
Pharmacokinetics
The PK analysis set will include all subjects who have evaluable pharmacokinetic data.

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Missing data can have an impact upon the interpretation of the trial data. In general, values 
for missing data will not be imputed. 
For the primary endpoint and categorical secondary efficacy endpoints, missing data will be 
handled using a long-term evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm, as noted in 
Section 8.2; the details of this algorithm will be included in a separate statistical analysis 
plan.
Sensitivity analyses will be performed if warranted. 
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An external independent multidisciplinary Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) will review 
the progress and safety of this study approximately every 24 weeks after the first subject is 
randomized. See Section 8.10 for discussion of Data Monitoring Committee interim analyses.
No efficacy analyses are planned prior to the primary efficacy analysis, which will be 
conducted at the end of double-blind treatment, after the last randomized subject reaches 
Week 72. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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
'HPRJUDSKLF'DWDDQG%DVHOLQH&KDUDFWHULVWLFV
Demographic and baseline measurements will be summarized using standard descriptive 
methods by treatment group, and overall. 
Demographic summaries will include gender, ethnic origin (with Asian-Chinese, 
Asian-Indian, Asian-Other all combined to Asian), racial minority, age, and geographical 
location of study site [North America, Europe]). 
Baseline data will include a summary of body weight, height, body mass index, log10 (HBV 
DNA) level, HBV serology, ALT/AST values, previous nucleoside and interferon exposure, 
genotype, bone mineral density (via DEXA scan), and serum bone biochemical markers. 

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The primary efficacy analysis will be conducted at the end of double-blind treatment, after 
the last randomized subject reaches Week 72. The analysis will evaluate the difference 
between treatment groups in the proportion of subjects achieving the primary endpoint, using 
a two-sided Fisher’s exact test.  Missing data will be handled using a long-term evaluation of 
efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm, as noted in Section 8.2.

6HFRQGDU\$QDO\VHV
Continuous secondary efficacy endpoints will be summarized using conventional descriptive 
statistics (n, mean, standard deviation, median, Q1, Q3, minimum and maximum) by 
treatment group, and a Wilcoxon rank sum test may be used to compare treatment groups. 
Categorical secondary efficacy endpoints will be summarized by number and percentage of 
subjects that meet the endpoint, and a two-sided Fisher’s exact test may be used to compare 
treatment groups. For analyses of categorical secondary efficacy endpoints, missing data will 
be handled using a long-term evaluation of efficacy intention-to-treat algorithm, as noted in 
Section 8.2.
Subgroup analyses of efficacy endpoints may include analyses by geographical location of 
study site (North America, Europe, and Asia), and also by presence/absence of prior oral 
anti-HBV treatment. 
Efficacy analyses of all subjects continuing on open-label tenofovir DF will also be 
performed after the last randomized subject reaches Weeks 144 and 192. 

6DIHW\$QDO\VLV
All safety data collected on or after the date that study drug was first dispensed will be 
summarized by randomized treatment group. Data for the pretreatment and treatment-free 
follow-up periods will be included in listings. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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The proportion of subjects in each treatment group with an AE leading to permanent 
discontinuation of study drug through Week 72 (also at Weeks 144 and 192) will be 
summarized. 
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A subject’s extent of exposure to study drug data will be generated from the study drug 
administration page of the CRF. Exposure data will be summarized by treatment group. 

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Clinical and laboratory adverse events will be coded using the Medical Dictionary for 
Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). System Organ Class (SOC), High Level Group Term 
(HLGT), High Level Term (HLT), Preferred Term, and Lower Level Term (LLT) will be 
attached to the clinical database. Severity of adverse events will be graded using the grading 
scale defined in Appendix 4.
Summaries (number and percentage of subjects) of treatment-emergent adverse events (by 
SOC, HLT and Preferred Term) will be provided by treatment group as follows: 
x all treatment-emergent adverse events, 
x all related treatment-emergent adverse events, 
x combined Grade 2, 3, and 4 treatment-emergent adverse events, 
x combined Grade 3 and 4 treatment-emergent adverse events, 
x combined Grade 2, 3, and 4 related treatment-emergent adverse events, 
x combined Grade 3 and 4 related treatment-emergent adverse events, 
x all adverse events that caused permanent discontinuation from study drug, 
x all adverse events that caused permanent discontinuation from study, 
x all adverse events that caused change in dose or temporary interruption of study drug, 
x all serious adverse events, and 
x all serious related adverse events. 
Events will be summarized based on the date of onset for the event. A treatment-emergent 
adverse event will be defined as any adverse event that begins on or after the date of first 
dose of study drug. Events that occur prior to the first dose of study drug or after the last dose 
of study drug will be included in data listings. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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A Fisher’s exact test comparing treatment groups may be conducted for each HLT or 
preferred term that occurs with at least 5% incidence in either treatment group. 

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Selected laboratory data (using conventional units) will be summarized by the observed data 
and by the change from baseline across time. 
Graded laboratory abnormalities will be defined using the grading scheme defined in 
Appendix 4.
Incidence of treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities, defined as values that increase at 
least one toxicity grade from baseline at any time post baseline, will be summarized by 
treatment group. If baseline data are missing, then any graded abnormality (i.e., at least a 
Grade 1) will be considered treatment-emergent. 
Laboratory abnormalities that occur before the first dose of study drug or after the last dose 
of study drug will be included in a data listing. 

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Cumulative incidence of at least a 4% decrease from baseline in bone mineral density of 
lumbar spine will be summarized and compared between treatment groups using 95% 
confidence intervals for the difference in proportions. 
The percent change from baseline in bone mineral density of lumbar spine will be 
summarized over time and compared between treatment groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum 
test. 
Bone mineral density (via DEXA scan) and serum bone biochemical markers will be 
summarized over time. Changes from study baseline in bone biochemical markers will be 
summarized by treatment group, where study baseline will be defined as the mean of the 
Screening and Baseline Visit values.  
Correlations between renal parameters and measurements of bone minerals density will be 
explored including exploration of the potential relationship between renal phosphate 
threshold (TmP/GFR) and measurements of bone mineral density.  

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With respect to the primary efficacy endpoint, a sample size of 100 subjects (50 in TDF and 
50 in placebo) would provide at least 85% power to detect a difference of 20% between the 
groups, based on a two-sided Fisher’s exact test with a significance level of 0.05, assuming a 
placebo response rate of 1%. A placebo response rate of 0% was observed in 
Study GS-US-174-0115 evaluating 54 adolescent patients aged 12- 17 years, treated with 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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placebo and in Study GS-US-103-0158 evaluating 58 pediatric patients aged 2-17 years. For 
the purpose of this sample size calculation, we assume a placebo response rate of 1%. 

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An external independent multidisciplinary Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) will review 
the progress of the study and perform interim reviews of the safety data approximately every 
24 weeks after the first subject is randomized, in order to protect subject welfare and preserve 
study integrity. Specifically, the DMC will review bone mineral density data, in addition to 
other laboratory (particularly renal) safety data and adverse events. At each meeting, the 
DMC will review routine safety and DEXA data and will make recommendations regarding 
modification of study treatment.The DMC will also provide recommendations as needed 
regarding study design, modification and conduct. 
While the Data Monitoring Committee is being asked to advise Gilead regarding future 
conduct of the study, including possible early study termination, Gilead retains final 
decision-making authority on all aspects of the study. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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
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The investigator will ensure that this study is conducted in accordance with the principles of 
the “Declaration of Helsinki” (as amended in Edinburgh, Tokyo, Venice, Hong Kong, and 
South Africa), International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, or with the laws 
and regulations of the country in which the research is conducted, whichever affords the 
greater protection to the study subject. For studies conducted under a United States 
Investigational New Drug Application (IND), the investigator will ensure that the basic 
principles of “Good Clinical Practice,” as outlined in 21 CFR 312, subpart D, 
“Responsibilities of Sponsors and Investigators,” 21 CFR, part 50, 1998, and 21 CFR, part 
56, 1998, are adhered to. 
Since this is a “covered” clinical trial, the investigator will ensure that 21 CFR, Part 54, 1998, 
is adhered to; a “covered” clinical trial is any “study of a drug or device in humans submitted 
in a marketing application or reclassification petition subject to this part that the applicant or 
FDA relies on to establish that the product is effective (including studies that show 
equivalence to an effective product) or that make a significant contribution to the 
demonstration of safety.” This requires that investigators and all sub-investigators must 
provide documentation of their financial interest or arrangements with Gilead, or proprietary 
interests in the drug being studied. This documentation must be provided before participation 
of the investigator and any subinvestigator. The investigator and sub-investigator agree to 
notify Gilead of any change reportable interests during the study and for one year following 
completion of the study. Study completion is defined as the date that the last subject has 
completed the protocol defined activities. 
This study is also subject to and will be conducted in accordance with 21 CFR, part 320, 
1993, “Retention of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Testing Samples.” 

,QVWLWXWLRQDO5HYLHZ%RDUG,QGHSHQGHQW(WKLFV&RPPLWWHH$SSURYDO
This protocol and any accompanying material to be provided to the subject (such as 
advertisements, subject information sheets, or descriptions of the study used to obtain 
informed consent/assent) will be submitted by the investigator to an IRB (for studies 
conducted in the United States) or IEC (for studies conducted outside of the United States). 
Approval from the IRB or IEC must be obtained EHIRUH starting the study and should be 
documented in a letter to the investigator specifying the protocol number, protocol version, 
protocol date, documents reviewed, and date on which the committee met and granted the 
approval.
Any modifications made to the protocol after receipt of IRB or IEC approval must also be 
submitted to the IRB or IEC for approval before implementation. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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
,QIRUPHG&RQVHQW$VVHQW
The investigator is responsible for obtaining written informed consent/assent from each 
individual participating in this study after adequate explanation of the aims, methods, 
objectives, and potential hazards of the study and before undertaking any study-related 
procedures. The investigator must utilize an IRB- or IEC-approved consent/assent form for 
documenting written informed consent. Each informed consent/assent will be appropriately 
signed and dated by the subject or the subject’s legally authorized representative and the 
person obtaining consent/assent. 

&RQILGHQWLDOLW\
The investigator must assure that subjects’ anonymity will be strictly maintained and that 
their identities are protected from unauthorized parties. Only subject initials, date of birth and 
an identification code (i.e., not names) should be recorded on any form or biological sample 
submitted to the sponsor, IRB or IEC, or laboratory. The investigator must keep a screening 
log showing codes, names, and addresses for all subjects screened and for all subjects 
enrolled in the trial. 
The investigator agrees that all information received from Gilead, including but not limited to 
the Investigator’s Brochure, this protocol, CRFs, the investigational new drug, and any other 
study information, remain the sole and exclusive property of Gilead during the conduct of the 
study and thereafter. This information is not to be disclosed to any third party (except 
employees or agents directly involved in the conduct of the study or as required by law) 
without prior written consent from Gilead. The investigator further agrees to take all 
reasonable precautions to prevent the disclosure by any employee or agent of the study site to 
any third party or otherwise into the public domain. 

6WXG\)LOHVDQG5HWHQWLRQRI5HFRUGV
The investigator must maintain adequate and accurate records to enable the conduct of the 
study to be fully documented and the study data to be subsequently verified. These 
documents should be classified into at least the following two categories: (1) investigator’s 
study file, and (2) subject clinical source documents. 
The investigator’s study file will contain the protocol/amendments, CRF and query forms, 
IRB or IEC and governmental approval with correspondence, informed consent, drug 
records, staff curriculum vitae and authorization forms, and other appropriate documents and 
correspondence. 
Subject clinical source documents (usually defined by the project in advance to record key 
activity/safety parameters independent of the CRFs) would include (although not be limited 
to) the following: subject hospital/clinic records, physician’s and nurse’s notes, appointment 
book, original laboratory reports, ECG, electroencephalogram, X-ray, pathology and special 
assessment reports, consultant letters, screening and enrollment log, etc. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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All clinical study documents must be retained by the investigator until at least 2 years after 
the last approval of a marketing application in an ICH region (i.e., United States, Europe, or 
Japan) and until there are no pending or contemplated marketing applications in an ICH 
region; or, if no application is filed or if the application is not approved for such indication, 
until 2 years after the investigation is discontinued and regulatory authorities have been 
notified. Investigators may be required to retain documents longer if required by applicable 
regulatory requirements or an agreement with Gilead. The investigator must notify Gilead 
before destroying any clinical study records. 
Should the investigator wish to assign the study records to another party or move them to 
another location, Gilead must be notified in advance. 
If the investigator cannot guarantee this archiving requirement at the study site for any or all 
of the documents, special arrangements must be made between the investigator and Gilead to 
store these in sealed containers outside of the site so that they can be returned sealed to the 
investigator in case of a regulatory audit. When source documents are required for the 
continued care of the subject, appropriate copies should be made for storage outside of the 
site. 
Biological samples at the conclusion of this study may be retained in storage by the Sponsor 
for a period up to 15 years for purposes of this study. 

&DVH5HSRUW)RUPV
For each subject enrolled, a CRF must be completed and signed by the principal investigator 
or subinvestigator within a reasonable time period after data collection. This also applies to 
records for those subjects who fail to complete the study (even during a prerandomization 
screening period if a CRF was initiated). If a subject withdraws from the study, the reason 
must be noted on the CRF. If a subject is withdrawn from the study because of a 
treatment-limiting adverse event, thorough efforts should be made to clearly document the 
outcome.

'UXJ$FFRXQWDELOLW\
The investigator or designee (i.e., pharmacist) is responsible for ensuring adequate 
accountability of all used and unused study drug. This includes acknowledgment of receipt of 
each shipment of study product (quantity and condition) and subject dispensing records and 
returned or destroyed study product. Dispensing records will document quantities received 
from Gilead and quantities dispensed to subjects, including lot number, date dispensed, 
subject identifier number, subject initials, and the initials of the person dispensing the 
medication.
At study initiation, the monitor will evaluate the site’s standard operating procedure for study 
drug disposal/destruction in order to ensure that it complies with Gilead requirements. Drug 
may be returned or destroyed on an ongoing basis during the study if appropriate. At the end 
of the study, following final drug inventory reconciliation by the monitor, the study site will 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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dispose of and/or destroy all unused study drug supplies, including empty containers, 
according these procedures. If the site cannot meet Gilead’s requirements for disposal, 
arrangements will be made between the site and Gilead or its representative for destruction or 
return of unused study drug supplies. 
All drug supplies and associated documentation will be periodically reviewed and verified by 
the study monitor over the course of the study.

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The investigator should understand that source documents for this trial should be made 
available to appropriately qualified personnel from Gilead or its representatives, to IRBs or 
IECs, or to regulatory authority or health authority inspectors. 

3URWRFRO&RPSOLDQFH
The investigator is responsible for ensuring the study is conducted in accordance with the 
procedures and evaluations described in this protocol. 

6SRQVRU5HVSRQVLELOLWLHV

3URWRFRO0RGLILFDWLRQV
Protocol modifications, except those intended to reduce immediate risk to study subjects, 
may be made only by Gilead. All protocol modifications must be submitted to the IRB or 
IEC in accordance with local requirements. Approval must be obtained before changes can 
be implemented. 

6WXG\5HSRUWDQG3XEOLFDWLRQV
A clinical study report will be prepared and provided to the regulatory agency(ies). Gilead 
will ensure that the report meets the standards set out in the ICH Guideline for Structure and 
Content of Clinical Study Reports (ICH E3). Note that an abbreviated report may be prepared 
in certain cases. 
After conclusion of the study and without prior written approval from Gilead, investigators in 
this study may communicate, orally present, or publish in scientific journals or other 
scholarly media RQO\DIWHUWKHIROORZLQJFRQGLWLRQVKDYHEHHQPHW
x the results of the study in their entirety have been publicly disclosed by or with the 
consent of Gilead in an abstract, manuscript, or presentation form; or 
x the study has been completed at all study sites for at least 2 years. 
No such communication, presentation, or publication will include Gilead’s confidential 
information (see Section 9.1.4).

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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The investigator will submit any proposed publication or presentation along with the 
respective scientific journal or presentation forum at least 30 days before submission of the 
publication or presentation. The investigator will comply with Gilead’s request to delete 
references to its confidential information (other than the study results) in any paper or 
presentation and agrees to withhold publication or presentation for an additional 60 days in 
order to obtain patent protection if deemed necessary. 

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
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In accordance with ICH Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP) guidelines, the study monitor 
must have direct access to the investigator’s source documentation in order to verify the data 
recorded in the CRFs for consistency. 
The monitor is responsible for routine review of the CRFs at regular intervals throughout the 
study to verify adherence to the protocol and the completeness, consistency, and accuracy of 
the data being entered on them. The monitor should have access to any subject records 
needed to verify the entries on the CRFs. The investigator agrees to cooperate with the 
monitor to ensure that any problems detected in the course of these monitoring visits are 
resolved. 

$FFHVVWR,QIRUPDWLRQIRU$XGLWLQJRU,QVSHFWLRQV
Representatives of regulatory authorities or of Gilead may conduct inspections or audits of 
the clinical study. If the investigator is notified of an inspection by a regulatory authority the 
investigator agrees to notify the Gilead Medical Monitor immediately. The investigator 
agrees to provide to representatives of a regulatory agency or Gilead access to records, 
facilities, and personnel for the effective conduct of any inspection or audit. 

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Both the sponsor and the investigator reserve the right to terminate the study at any time. 
Should this be necessary, both parties will arrange discontinuation procedures and notify the 
appropriate regulatory authority(ies), IRBs, and IECs. In terminating the study, Gilead and 
the investigator will assure that adequate consideration is given to the protection of the 
subjects’ interests. 

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Gafni RI, Hazra R, Reynolds JC, Maldarelli F, Tullio AN, DeCarlo E, et al. 
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Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 97 
22 July 2011 
 
van Bommel F, de Man RA, Erhardt A, Huppe D, Stein K, Buggisch P, et al. First 
multicenter evaluation of the efficacy of Tenofovir in nucleos(t)ide analog 
experienced patients with HBV monoinfection [oral presentation]. 58th Annual 
Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD); 
2007 November 2-6; Boston, MA. 
 
Jonas MM, Kelly D, Pollack H, Mizerski J, Sorbel J, Frederick D, et al. Safety, 
efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil in children and adolescents 
(age 2 to <18 years) with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2008;47 (6):1863-71. 
 
Marcellin P, Heathcote EJ, Buti M, Gane E, de Man RA, Krastev Z, et al. 
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N 
Engl J Med 2008;359 (23):2442-55. 
 
Hepsera® (adefovir dipivoxil) Tablets. US Prescribing Information. Gilead 
Sciences, Inc. Foster City, CA. October 2009. 
 
VIREAD® (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) tablets. US Prescribing Information. 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. Foster City, CA. Revised October 2010. 
 
Berg T, Marcellin P, Zoulim F, Moller B, Trinh H, Chan S, et al. Tenofovir is 
effective alone or with emtricitabine in adefovir-treated patients with chronic-
hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 2010;139 (4):1207-17. 
 
Heathcote EJ, Gane EJ, deMan RA, Chao S, George J, Tsai NC. Long Term (4 
Year) Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) Treatment in 
HBEAG-Positive Patients (HBEAG+) with Chronic Hepatitis B (Study 103): 
Prelininary Analysis [Abstract 477]. Hepatology 2010;52 (4 (Suppl)):556A. 
 
Marcellin P, Buti M, Kraslev Z, Guerel S, DiBisceglie AM. Continued Efficacy 
and Safety Through 4 Years of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) Treatment in 
HBEAG-Negative Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (Study 102): Preliminary 
Anslysis. Hepatology 2010;52 (4 (Suppl)):555A-6A. 
 
Jonas MM, Block JM, Haber BA, Karpen SJ, London WT, Murray KF, et al. 
Treatment of children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 
patient selection and therapeutic options Hepatology 2010;52 (6):2192-205. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 98 
22 July 2011 

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Appendix 1.
Investigator Signature Page
Appendix 2.
Study Procedures Table
Appendix 3.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments
Appendix 4.
GSI Grading Scale for Severity of Adverse Events and 
Laboratory Abnormalities
Appendix 5.
Management of Clinical and Laboratory Adverse Events
Appendix 6.
Lactic Acidosis Guidelines

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 100 
22 July 2011 
$SSHQGL[
6WXG\3URFHGXUHV7DEOH
6WXG\:HHN
6WXG\3URFHGXUHV
6FUHHQLQJD
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


Written Informed Consent, Subject Assent 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medical History 
X 
Xe
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Complete Physical Examination (including 
Tanner Staging starting at Baseline) 
X
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
Symptom-Directed Physical Examination 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
Vitals Signs, Height, Weightf 
X
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
HIV-1, HCV, HDV, Į-fetoprotein 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HBV DNA Levels (PCR-Based Assay) 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
HBV Serologyg
X 
X 
 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
HBV Genotyping, Resistance Surveillanceh 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
Hematology Profile 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Serum Chemistry and Liver Testsi
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Prothrombin Time/INRj
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urinalysis 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Pregnancy Testk
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Plasma for Tenofovir DF Concentration 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Serum and Plasma for Storagel
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
DEXA Scan – Spine and Whole-Bodym 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
Bone Biochemical Markersn
X 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
Blood sample storage for genomic testings o 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concomitant Medications 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Adverse Events 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
;
;
;
Study Drug Dispensing/Returnp
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Drug Accountability/Adherence Assessment
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 101 
22 July 2011 
$SSHQGL[
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
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Complete Physical Examination 
 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
Symptom-Directed Physical Examination 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
X 
Vital Signs, Height, Weightf
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
HBV DNA Levels (PCR-Based Assay) 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
HBV Serologyg
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Xq
Hematology Profile 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
HBV Resistance Surveillanceh
 
 
X 
  
  
 
X 
  
  
 
X 
X 
 
Serum Chemistry and Liver Testsi 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Prothrombin Time/INRj
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xj
Urinalysis 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Pregnancy Testk
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Plasma for Tenofovir DF Concentration 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Serum and Plasma for Storagel
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
DEXA Scan – Spine and Whole-Bodym 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
Xr
Bone Biochemical Markersn
X
 
X
 
X 
Xr
Concomitant Medications 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Adverse Events 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Study Drug Dispensing/Returno
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
;
X
Drug Accountability/Adherence Assessment 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
a 
Evaluations to be completed within 30 days prior to Baseline Visit. 
b 
After Week 96, subjects will return for study visits every 12 weeks until each subject reaches Week 192.
c 
The Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit should be completed within 72 hours of last dose of study drug; subjects who discontinue study drug will be followed every 4 
weeks for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of active treatment, whichever comes first. 
d 
Subjects who receive at least one dose of study drug will be followed every 4 weeks for 24 weeks off treatment or up to initiation of active treatment, whichever occurs first. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 102 
22 July 2011 
e 
Review of medical history and any changes since Screening Visit, including changes in concomitant medications. 
f 
Vital signs = temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate. 
g 
HBeAg and HBsAg and, if negative, reflex HBeAb and HBsAb, respectively. 
h 
Determination of HBV viral genotype (A–H) will be performed at the Baseline Visit for all subjects. Resistance surveillance will be conducted at Baseline for all subjects, 
and attempted for all viremic subjects (HBV DNA t 400 copies/mL) at Weeks 72, 144, and 192, as well as at the Early Discontinuation Visit, if applicable. 
i 
Including estimated creatinine clearance, by the Schwartz Formula (2 to <12 years old). 
j 
PT/INR will be performed at the Screening and Baseline Visits, then as a reflex test in subjects experiencing exacerbation of hepatitis thereafter. 
k 
For post-menarchal females only; a serum ȕ-HCG pregnancy test will be performed at Screening, Baseline, Weeks 48, 72, 192 and Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit 
(if applicable). Urine pregnancy testing will be performed at all other study visits through the end of the study. A positive urine pregnancy test must be confirmed 
immediately with a serum pregnancy test. 
l 
Blood (serum and plasma) collected for longterm storage and possible future testing (e.g., pharmacokinetic and/or virologic analysis). 
m 
DEXA scan will  be performed between the Screening and Baseline Visits, and must be performed prior to randomization and receipt of study drugs. All other DEXA scans 
must be performed within r 1 week of the scheduled study visits. DEXA scan will be performed at the time of switch for subjects switching from placebo to tenofovir DF, 
unless the most recent DEXA scan was performed within 12 weeks earlier.  
n 
Specimens for bone biochemical markers must be collected in the morning in a fasted state, or, if fasting is not feasible, within two hours of the time of day that the Baseline 
Visit specimen was collected. For example, if the bone biochemical markers were drawn at 7:00 AM for the Baseline Visit, they must be drawn no earlier than 5:00 AM and 
no later than 9:00 AM for Week 24, 48, 72, 96, and subsequent specified visits. Bone biochemical markers will also be collected at the time of switch for subjects switching 
from placebo to tenofovir DF if not done within 12 weeks prior to switch. Bone biochemical markers will also be collected at the Screening Visit; the mean of the Screening 
and Baseline Visit values will constitute the study baseline, to which subsequent values will be compared. 
o 
For subjects in whom a separate consent is provided, an appropriate blood sample will be collected for biomarker (including pharmacogenomic) analysis that may be 
predictive of virologic response and/or the tolerability of HBV therapies. This sample may be obtained after the Baseline visit, if necessary. 
p 
Initiation of study drugs (including multivitamin) must occur within 24 hours after the Baseline Visit. At every study visit, subjects will return unused study medication, and 
new study medication will be dispensed. After each subject has reached Week 192 (or at the Early Study Drug Discontinuation Visit), study medication will not be 
dispensed. Subjects who have received at least one dose of study drug and permanently discontinue study drug will be followed every 4 weeks for 24 weeks off treatment or 
up to initiation of active treatment, whichever occurs first. 
q 
During the 24-week follow-up period, HBV serology testing will only be performed at the Follow-Up Week 24 Visit. 
r 
DEXA scan is required at Early Discontinuation Visit if most recent DEXA scan was ! 12 weeks prior to the date of the Early Discontinuation Visit. Bone biochemical 
markers are required at Early Discontinuation Visit if most recent measurement was ! 12 weeks prior.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 103 
22 July 2011 
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Erythrocytes 
Hemoglobin  
Hematocrit 
Platelets 
Total leukocytes and differential (neutrophils, 
lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils) 
/LYHU7HVWV
Total bilirubin (reflex direct [conjugated] 
bilirubin) 
AST 
ALT 
Alkaline phosphatase 
Prothrombin time, INR 
&KHPLVWU\
Creatine phosphokinase 
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 
Creatinine and calculated creatinine clearance 
Albumin 
Glucose 
Serum amylase 
Lipase (if serum amylase is  1.5 u ULN) 
Į-fetoprotein (Screening Visit) 
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
Uric acid 
8ULQDO\VLV


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Protein 
Blood 
Glucose 
Post-menarchal females only (reflex serum ȕ-
HCG if positive) 
(OHFWURO\WHV
Sodium 
Potassium 
Bicarbonate 
Phosphorus+ 
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Chloride 
+%96HURORJ\
HBsAg, HBeAg (reflex HBsAb and HBeAb). 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 104 
22 July 2011 
9LURORJ\
Plasma and serum for HBV DNA and serology 
HIV, HDV and HCV (Screening Visit) 
Viral genotyping (A–H), resistance surveillance 
%RQH%LRFKHPLFDO
0DUNHUV
x
urine bicarbonate and n-telopeptide;  
x
serum c-telopeptides, osteocalcin, bone-specific 
alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and vitamin D levels 
(25-hydroxy) and1,25 (dihydroxyvitamin) D levels;  
x
fasting serum creatinine/ phosphate and urine 
creatinine (spot)/phosphate for measurement of renal 
excretion of calcium, phosphorous and magnesium 
through calculation of the renal phosphate threshold 
(TmP/GFR) 
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Plasma concentration 
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Post-menarchal females only; 
at Screening, Baseline, Weeks 48, 72, 192, or Early Study 
Discontinuation Visits; reflex if urine test positive at all 
other study visits 
6WRUDJH
Plasma and serum for storage 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 105 
22 July 2011 
$SSHQGL[.
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
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*UDGH
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Hemoglobin 
10.0 to 10.9 g/dL 
100 to 109 g/L 
OR
Any decrease from baseline 
2.5 to  3.5 g/dL 
25 to  35 g/L 
9.0 to  10.0 g/dL 
90 to  100 g/L 
OR
Any decrease from baseline 
3.5 to  4.5 g/dL 
35 to  45 g/L 
7.0 to  9.0 g/dL 
70 to  90 g/L 
OR
Any decrease from baseline 
t 4.5 g/dL 
t 45 g/L 
 7.0 g/dL 
 70 g/L 
Absolute Neutrophil Count 
(ANC) 
1000 to 1300/mm3
1.00 to 1.30 GI/L 
750 to  1000/mm3
0.75 to  1.00 GI/L 
500 to  750/mm3
0.50 to  0.75 GI/L 
 500/mm3
 0.50 GI/L 
Platelets  
100,000 to  125,000/mm3
100.0 to  125.0 GI/L 
50,000 to  100,000/mm3
50.0 to  100.0 GI/L 
25,000 to  50,000/mm3
25.0 to  50.0 GI/L 
 25,000/mm3
 25.0 GI/L 
2000/mm3 to 2500/mm3
1,500 to  2,000/mm3
1000 to  1,500/mm3
 1000/mm3
WBCs  
2.0 GI/L to 2.5 GI/L 
1.5 to  2.0 GI/L 
1.0 to  1.5 GI/L 
 1.0 GI/L 
100 to  LLN mg/dL 
75 to  100 mg/dL 
50 to  75 mg/dL 
 50 mg/dL 
Hypofibrinogenemia 
1.00 to  LLN g/L 
0.75 to  1.00 g/L 
0.50 to  0.75 g/L 
 0.50 g/L 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 106 
22 July 2011 

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
*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
! ULN to 600 mg/dL 
! 600 mg/dL 
— 
— 
Hyperfibrinogenemia 
! ULN to 6.0 g/L 
! 6.0 g/L 
20 to 40 microg/mL 
! 40 to 50 microg/mL 
! 50 to 60 microg/mL 
! 60 microg/mL 
Fibrin Split Product  
20 to 40 mg/L 
! 40 to 50 mg/L 
! 50 to 60 mg/L 
! 60 mg/L 
Prothrombin Time (PT) 
! 1.00 to 1.25 u ULN 
! 1.25 to 1.50 u ULN  
! 1.50 to 3.00 u ULN  
! 3.00 u ULN  
! 1.00 to 1.66 u ULN 
! 1.66 to 2.33 u ULN 
! 2.33 to 3.00 u ULN 
! 3.00 u ULN 
Activated Partial 
Thromboplastin (APPT) 
 
 
 
 
Methemoglobin  
5.0 to 10.0%  
! 10.0 to 15.0% 
! 15.0 to 20.0% 
! 20.0%  

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 107 
22 July 2011 
&+(0,675<

*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
130 mEq/L to  LLN 
125 to  130 mEq/L 
121 to  125 mEq/L 
 121 mEq/L 
Hyponatremia  
130 mmol/L to  LLN 
125 to  130 mmol/L 
121 to  125 mmol/L 
 121 mmol/L 
! ULN to 150 mEq/L 
! 150 to 154 mEq/L 
! 154 to 159 mEq/L 
! 159 mEq/L 
Hypernatremia  
! ULN to 150 mmol/L 
! 150 to 154 mmol/L 
! 154 to 159 mmol/L 
! 159 mmol/L 
3.0 mEq/L to  LLN 
2.5 to  3.0 mEq/L 
2.0 to  2.5 mEq/L 
 2.0 mEq/ 
Hypokalemia  
3.0 mmol/L to  LLN 
2.5 to  3.0 mmol/L 
2.0 to  2.5 mmol/L 
 2.0 mmol/L 
5.6 to 6.0 mEq/L 
! 6.0 to 6.5 mEq/L 
! 6.5 to 7.0 mEq/L 
! 7.0 mEq/L 
Hyperkalemia  
5.6 to 6.0 mmol/L 
! 6.0 to 6.5 mmol/L 
! 6.5 to 7.0 mmol/L 
! 7.0 mmol/L 
55 to 64 mg/dL 
40 to  55 mg/dL 
30 to  40 mg/dL 
 30 mg/dL 
Hypoglycemia 
3.1 to 3.5 mmol/L 
2.2 to  3.1 mmol/L 
1.7 to  2.2 mmol/L 
 1.7 mmol/L 
! ULN to 160 mg/dL 
! 160 to 250 mg/dL 
! 250 to 500 mg/dL 
! 500 mg/dL 
Hyperglycemia, Nonfasting 
and no prior diabetes 
! ULN to 8.9 mmol/L 
! 8.9 to 13.9 mmol/L 
! 13.9 to 27.7 mmol/L 
! 27.7 mmol/L 
7.8 mg/dL to  LLN 
7.0 to  7.8 mg/dL 
6.1 to  7.0 mg/dL 
 6.1 mg/dL 
Hypocalcemia  
(corrected for albumin) 
1.94 mmol/L to  LLN 
1.74 to  1.94 mmol/L 
1.51 to  1.74 mmol/L 
 1.51 mmol/L 
! ULN to 11.5 mg/dL 
! 11.5 to 12.5 mg/dL 
! 12.5 to 13.5 mg/dL 
! 13.5 mg/dL 
Hypercalcemia 
(corrected for albumin) 
! ULN to 2.88 mmol/L 
! 2.88 to 3.13 mmol/L 
! 3.13 to 3.38 mmol/L 
! 3.38 mmol/L 
3.0 mg/dL to  LLN 
2.5 to  3.0 mg/dL 
2.0 to  2.5 mg/dL 
 2.0 mg/dL 
Hypocalcemia  (ionized) 
0.74 mmol/L to  LLN 
0.62 to  0.74 mmol/L 
0.49 to  0.62 mmol/L 
 0.49 mmol/L 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 108 
22 July 2011 
&+(0,675<

*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
! ULN to 6.0 mg/dL 
! 6.0 to 6.5 mg/dL 
!  6.5 to 7.0 mg/dL 
! 7.0 mg/dL 
Hypercalcemia  (ionized) 
! ULN to 1.50 mmol/L 
! 1.50 to 1.63 mmol/L 
! 1.63 to 1.75 mmol/L 
! 1.75 mmol/L 
1.45 mg/dL to  LLN 
1.09 to  1.45 mg/dL 
0.72 to  1.09 mg/dL 
 0.72 mg/dL 
Hypomagnesemia 
0.60 mmol/L to  LLN 
0.45 to  0.60 mmol/L 
0.30 to  0.45 mmol/L 
 0.30 mmol/L 
2.0 mg/dL to  LLN 
1.5 to  2.0 mg/dL 
1.0 to  1.5 mg/dL 
 1.0 mg/dL 
Hypophosphatemia 
!\HDUV
0.63 mmol/L to  LLN 
0.47 to  0.63 mmol/L 
0.31 to  0.47 mmol/L 
 0.31 mmol/L 
3HGLDWULF\HDU±\HDUV
3.0 to 3.5 mg/dL 
0.96 to 1.14 mmol/L 
2.5 to  3.0 mg/dL 
0.80 to  0.96 mmol/L 
1.5 to  2.5 mg/dL 
0.47 to  0.80 mmol/L 
 1.5 mg/dL 
 0.47 mmol/L 
Hyperbilirubinemia  
! 1.0 to 1.5 u ULN  
! 1.5 to 2.5 u ULN 
! 2.5 to 5.0 u ULN  
! 5.0 u ULN  
Blood Urea Nitrogen 
1.25 to 2.50 u ULN  
! 2.50 to 5.00 u ULN  
! 5.00 to 10.00 u ULN  
! 10.00 u ULN 
! ULN to 10.0 mg/dL  
! 10.0 to 12.0 mg/dL  
! 12.0 to 15.0 mg/dL  
! 15.0 mg/dL 
Hyperuricemia 
! ULN to 597 micromol/L 
! 597 to 716 micromol/L 
! 716 to 895 micromol/L 
! 895 micromol/L 
1.5 mg/dL to  LLN 
1.0 to  1.5 mg/dL 
0.5 to  1.0 mg/dL 
 0.5 mg/dL 
Hypouricemia 
90 micromol/L to  LLN 
60 to  90 micromol/L 
30 to  60 micromol/L 
 30 micromol/L 
! 1.5 to 2.0 mg/dL 
! 2.0 to 3.0 mg/dL 
! 3.0 to 6.0 mg/dL  
! 6.0 mg/dL 
Creatinine  
! 137 to 181 micromol/L 
! 181 to 269 micromol/L 
! 269 to 535 micromol/L 
! 535 micromol/L 
16.0 mEq/L to  LLN  
11.0 to  16.0 mEq/L 
8.0 to  11.0 mEq/L 
 8.0 mEq/L 
Bicarbonate 
16.0 mmol/L to  LLN 
11.0 to  16.0 mmol/L 
8.0 to  11.0 mmol/L 
 8.0 mmol/L 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 109 
22 July 2011 
&+(0,675<

*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
*UDGH
— 
500 to 750 mg/dL 
! 750 to 1200 mg/dL 
! 1200 mg/dL 
Triglycerides 
(Fasting) 
5.64 – 8.47 mmol/L 
! 8.47 – 13.55 mmol/L 
! 13.55 mmol/L 
200 to 239 mg/dL 
! 239 to 300 mg/dL 
! 300 mg/dL 
—
Hypercholesterolemia 
(Fasting) 
5.16 to 6.19 mmol/L 
! 6.19 to 7.77 mmol/L 
! 7.77 mmol/L 
3HGLDWULF\HDUV
170 to 199 mg/dL 
4.39 to 5.15 mmol/L 
! 199 to 300 mg/dL 
! 5.15 to 7.77 mmol/L 
! 300 mg/dL 
! 7.77 mmol/L 
NA 
Creatine Kinase 
3.0 to  6.0 u ULN 
6.0 to  10.0 u ULN 
10.0 to  20.0 u ULN 
t 20.0 u ULN 
Lactate 
ULN to  2.0 u ULN without 
acidosis 
t 2.0 u ULN without acidosis 
Increased lactate with pH  7.3 
without life-threatening 
consequences 
Increased lactate with pH  7.3 
with life-threatening 
consequences 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 110 
22 July 2011 
(1=<0(6

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AST (SGOT)  
1.25 to 2.50 u ULN 
! 2.50 to 5.00 u ULN 
! 5.00 to 10.00 u ULN 
! 10.00 u ULN 
ALT (SGPT)  
1.25 to 2.50 u ULN 
! 2.50 to 5.00 u ULN 
! 5.00 to 10.00 u ULN 
! 10.00 u ULN 
GGT 
1.25 to 2.50 u ULN 
! 2.50 to 5.00 u ULN 
! 5.00 to 10.00 u ULN 
! 10.00 u ULN 
Alkaline Phosphatase  
1.25 to 2.50 u ULN 
! 2.50 to 5.00 u ULN 
! 5.00 to 10.00 u ULN 
! 10.00 u ULN 
Total Amylase 
! 1.0 to 1.5 u ULN 
! 1.5 to 2.0 u ULN 
! 2.0 to 5.0 u ULN 
! 5.0 u ULN 
Pancreatic Amylase 
! 1.0 to 1.5 u ULN 
! 1.5 to 2.0 u ULN 
! 2.0 to 5.0 u ULN 
! 5.0 u ULN 
Lipase  
! 1.0 to 1.5 u ULN 
! 1.5 to 3.0 u ULN 
! 3.0 to 5.0 u ULN 
! 5.0 u ULN 
3.0 g/dL to  LLN 
2.0 to  3.0 g/dL 
 2.0 G/DL 
—
Albumin 
30 g/L to  LLN 
20 to  30 g/L 
 20 G/L 
85,1$/<6,6

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Hematuria (Dipstick)  
1 
2
3+ 
NA 
Hematuria (Quantitative)  
6–10 RBC/HPF 
! 10 RBC/HPF 
Gross, with or without clots OR 
with RBC casts 
Transfusion indicated 
Proteinuria (Dipstick) 
1 
2–3 
4
NA 
Proteinuria, 24 hour collection 
200 to 999 mg/24 h 
! 999 to 1999 mg/24 h 
! 1999 to 3500 mg/24 h 
! 3500 mg/24 h 
Glycosuria (Dipstick) 
1 
2 
3 
4

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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
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Cardiac arrhythmia (general) 
(By ECG or physical exam) 
Asymptomatic AND No 
intervention indicated 
Asymptomatic AND Non-urgent 
medical intervention indicated 
Symptomatic, non-life-
threatening AND Non-urgent 
medical intervention indicated  
Life-threatening arrhythmia OR 
Urgent intervention indicated 
Cardiac-ischemia/infarction 
NA 
NA 
Symptomatic ischemia (stable 
angina) OR Testing consistent 
with ischemia  
Unstable angina OR Acute 
myocardial infarction 
Hemorrhage (significant acute 
blood loss) 
NA 
Symptomatic AND No 
transfusion indicated 
Symptomatic AND Transfusion 
of d 2 units packed RBCs (for 
children d 10 cc/kg) indicated  
Life-threatening hypotension OR 
Transfusion of ! 2 units packed 
RBCs indicated (for children d 10 
cc/kg) indicated 
Hypertension (with repeat testing 
at same visit) 
! 140–159 mmHg systolic  
OR
! 90–99 mmHg diastolic 
! 159–179 mmHg systolic  
OR
! 99–109 mmHg diastolic 
! 179 mmHg systolic  
OR
! 109 mmHg diastolic 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., malignant hypertension) OR 
Hospitalization (other than ER 
visit) indicated 
3HGLDWULFd\HDUV(with repeat 
testing at same visit) 
NA 
91st –94th percentile adjusted for 
age, height, and gender (systolic 
and/or diastolic) 
t 95th percentile adjusted for 
age, height, and gender 
(systolic and/or diastolic) 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., malignant hypertension) OR 
Hospitalization indicated (other 
than emergency room visit) 
Hypotension 
NA 
Symptomatic, corrected with 
oral fluid replacement 
Symptomatic, IV fluids 
indicated 
Shock requiring use of 
vasopressors or mechanical 
assistance to maintain blood 
pressure 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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Original 
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Pericardial effusion 
Asymptomatic, small effusion 
requiring no intervention 
Asymptomatic, moderate or 
larger effusion requiring no 
intervention 
Effusion with non-life-
threatening physiologic 
consequences OR Effusion 
with nonurgent intervention 
indicated 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., tamponade) OR Urgent 
intervention indicated 
Prolonged PR Interval 
PR interval  
0.21 to 0.25 sec 
PR interval 
! 0.25 sec 
Type II 2nd degree AV block 
OR Ventricular pause ! 3.0 sec 
Complete AV block  
3HGLDWULFd\HDUV
1st degree AV block 
(PR ! normal for age and rate) 
Type I 2nd degree AV block  
Type II 2nd degree AV block  
Complete AV block 
Prolonged QTc 
Asymptomatic, QTc interval 
0.45 to 0.47 sec OR Increase 
interval  0.03 sec above 
baseline 
Asymptomatic, QTc interval 
0.48 to 0.49 sec OR Increase in 
interval 0.03 to 0.05 sec above 
baseline 
Asymptomatic, QTc interval t
0.50 sec OR Increase in 
interval t 0.06 sec above 
baseline 
Life-threatening consequences, 
e.g., Torsade de pointes or other 
associated serious ventricular 
dysrhythmia 
3HGLDWULFd\HDUV
Asymptomatic, QTc interval 
0.450 to 0.464 sec  
Asymptomatic, QTc interval 
0.465 to 0.479 sec  
Asymptomatic, QTc interval t
0.480 sec  
Life-threatening consequences, 
e.g.,  Torsade de pointes  or other 
associated serious ventricular 
dysrhythmia 
Thrombosis/embolism 
NA 
Deep vein thrombosis AND No 
intervention indicated (e.g., 
anticoagulation, lysis filter, 
invasive procedure)  
Deep vein thrombosis AND 
Intervention indicated (e.g., 
anticoagulation, lysis filter, 
invasive procedure)  
Embolic event (e.g., pulmonary 
embolism, life-threatening 
thrombus)  
Vasovagal episode (associated 
with a procedure of any kind) 
Present without loss of 
consciousness  
Present with transient loss of 
consciousness 
NA  
NA 
Ventricular dysfunction 
(congestive heart failure, CHF) 
NA 
Asymptomatic diagnostic 
finding AND intervention 
indicated 
New onset with symptoms OR 
Worsening symptomatic CHF 
Life-threatening CHF 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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22 July 2011 
5(63,5$725<

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Bronchospasm (acute) 
FEV1 or peak flow reduced to 
70% to 80% 
FEV1 or peak flow 50% to 69% 
FEV1 or peak flow 25% to 
49%  
Cyanosis OR FEV1 or peak flow 
 25% OR Intubation 
Dyspnea or respiratory 
distress 
Dyspnea on exertion with no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities  
Dyspnea on exertion causing greater 
than minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities  
Dyspnea at rest causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities  
Respiratory failure with ventilatory 
support indicated 
3HGLDWULFd\HDUV
Wheezing OR minimal increase 
in respiratory rate for age 
Nasal flaring OR Intercostal 
retractions OR Pulse oximetry 90% 
to 95% 
Dyspnea at rest causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities OR 
Pulse oximetry  90% 
Respiratory failure with ventilatory 
support indicated 
2&8/$59,68$/

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Uveitis 
Asymptomatic but detectable on 
exam 
Symptomatic anterior uveitis OR 
Medical intervention indicated 
Posterior or pan-uveitis OR 
Operative intervention 
indicated 
Disabling visual loss in affected 
eye(s)  
Visual changes (from 
baseline) 
Visual changes causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Visual changes causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Visual changes causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities 
Disabling visual loss in affected 
eye(s) 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 114 
22 July 2011 
6.,1
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Alopecia 
Thinning detectable by study 
participant or  caregiver (for 
disabled adults) 
Thinning or patchy hair loss 
detectable by health care 
provider 
Complete hair loss 
NA 
Cutaneous reaction – rash 
Localized macular rash  
Diffuse macular, maculopapular, 
or morbilliform rash OR Target 
lesions  
Diffuse macular, maculopapular, or 
morbilliform rash with vesicles or 
limited number of bullae OR 
Superficial ulcerations of mucous 
membrane limited to one site 
Extensive or generalized 
bullous lesions OR Stevens-
Johnson syndrome OR 
Ulceration of mucous 
membrane involving two or 
more distinct mucosal sites 
OR Toxic epidermal 
necrolysis (TEN) 
Hyperpigmentation 
Slight or localized 
Marked or generalized 
NA 
NA 
Hypopigmentation 
Slight or localized  
Marked or generalized 
NA 
NA 
Pruritis (itching – no skin lesions)  
(See also Injection Site Reactions: 
Pruritis associated with injection) 
Itching causing no or minimal 
interference with usual social 
& functional activities 
Itching causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Itching causing inability to perform 
usual social & functional activities  
NA 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 115 
22 July 2011 
*$6752,17(67,1$/

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Anorexia 
Loss of appetite without 
decreased oral intake 
Loss of appetite associated with 
decreased oral intake without 
significant weight loss  
Loss of appetite associated with 
significant weight loss  
Life-threatening consequences 
OR Aggressive intervention 
indicated [e.g., tube feeding or 
total parenteral nutrition] 
Ascites 
Asymptomatic 
Symptomatic AND Intervention 
indicated (e.g., diuretics or 
therapeutic paracentesis) 
Symptomatic despite intervention 
Life-threatening consequences 
Cholecystitis 
NA 
Symptomatic AND Medical 
intervention indicated 
Radiologic, endoscopic, or 
operative intervention indicated 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., sepsis or perforation)  
Constipation  
NA 
Persistent constipation requiring 
regular use of dietary modifications, 
laxatives, or enemas  
Obstipation with manual 
evacuation indicated 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., obstruction) 
Diarrhea  
Transient or intermittent 
episodes of unformed stools 
OR Increase of d 3 stools over 
baseline/24 hr 
Persistent episodes of unformed to 
watery stools OR Increase of 4–6 
stools over baseline per 24hrs.  
Bloody diarrhea OR Increase of t
7 stools per 24-hour period OR IV 
fluid replacement indicated 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., hypotensive shock) 
Dysphagia-Odynophagia  
Symptomatic but able to eat 
usual diet 
Symptoms causing altered dietary 
intake without medical intervention 
indicated 
Symptoms causing severely 
altered dietary intake with 
medical intervention indicated 
Life-threatening reduction in oral 
intake 
Mucositis/stomatitis  
(clinical exam) 
See also Proctitis, 
Dysphagia-Odynophagia,  
Erythema of the mucosa 
Patchy pseudomembranes or 
ulcerations  
Confluent pseudomembranes or 
ulcerations OR Mucosal bleeding 
with minor trauma 
Tissue necrosis OR Diffuse 
spontaneous mucosal bleeding 
OR Life-threatening 
consequences (e.g., aspiration, 
choking) 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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Nausea  
Transient ( 24 hours) or 
intermittent nausea with no or 
minimal interference with oral 
intake 
Persistent nausea resulting in 
decreased oral intake for 24–48 
hours 
Persistent nausea resulting in 
minimal oral intake for ! 48 hours 
OR Aggressive rehydration 
indicated (e.g., IV fluids) 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., hypotensive shock) 
Pancreatitis 
NA 
Symptomatic AND Hospitalization 
not indicated (other than ER visit) 
Symptomatic AND 
Hospitalization indicated (other 
than ER visit) 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., sepsis, circulatory failure, 
hemorrhage 
Proctitis (functional- 
symptomatic) 
Also see Mucositis/ 
stomatitis for clinical exam 
Rectal discomfort AND No 
intervention indicated 
Symptoms causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities OR 
Medical intervention indicated  
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform usual social/functional 
activities OR Operative 
intervention indicated  
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., perforation) 
Vomiting 
Transient or intermittent 
vomiting with no or minimal 
interference with oral intake 
Frequent episodes of vomiting with 
no or mild dehydration 
Persistent vomiting resulting in 
orthostatic hypotension OR 
Aggressive rehydration indicated 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., hypotensive shock) 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 117 
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1(852/2*,&$/
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Alteration in personality-
behavior or in mood (e.g., 
agitation, anxiety, depression, 
mania, psychosis) 
Alteration causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities  
Alteration causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities  
Alteration causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities  
Behavior potentially harmful to 
self or others (e.g., 
suicidal/homicidal ideation or 
attempt, acute psychosis) OR 
Causing inability to perform basic 
self-care functions  
Altered Mental Status  
For Dementia, see Cognitive 
and behavioral/attentional 
disturbance (including 
dementia and ADD) 
Changes causing no or minimal 
interference with usual social & 
functional activities 
Mild lethargy or somnolence 
causing greater than minimal 
interference with usual social & 
functional activities 
Confusion, memory impairment, 
lethargy, or somnolence causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities 
Delirium OR obtundation, OR 
coma 
Ataxia  
Asymptomatic ataxia 
detectable on exam OR 
Minimal ataxia causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Symptomatic ataxia causing 
greater than minimal interference 
with usual social & functional 
activities 
Symptomatic ataxia causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities  
Disabling ataxia causing inability 
to perform basic self-care 
functions 
Cognitive and 
behavioral/attentional 
disturbance (including 
dementia and Attention Deficit 
Disorder)  
Disability causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
OR Specialized resources not 
indicated 
Disability causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities OR 
Specialized resources on part-time 
basis indicated 
Disability causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities OR Specialized 
resources on a full-time basis 
indicated 
Disability causing inability to 
perform basic self-care functions 
OR Institutionalization indicated 
CNS ischemia 
(acute) 
NA 
NA 
Transient ischemic attack 
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA, 
stroke) with neurological deficit  
Developmental delay – 
3HGLDWULFd\HDUV
Mild developmental delay, 
either motor or cognitive, as 
determined by comparison with 
a developmental screening tool 
appropriate for the setting  
Moderate developmental delay,  
either motor or cognitive, as 
determined by comparison with a 
developmental screening tool 
appropriate for the setting  
Severe developmental delay, 
either motor or cognitive, as 
determined by comparison with a 
developmental screening tool 
appropriate for the setting  
Developmental regression, either 
motor or cognitive, as determined 
by comparison with a 
developmental screening tool 
appropriate for the setting 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 118 
22 July 2011 
1(852/2*,&$/
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Headache  
Symptoms causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Symptoms causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities 
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform basic self-care functions 
OR Hospitalization indicated 
(other than ER visit) OR 
Headache with significant 
impairment of alertness or other 
neurologic function  
Insomnia 
NA 
Difficulty sleeping causing 
greater than minimal interference 
with usual social/functional 
activities 
Difficulty sleeping causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities 
Disabling insomnia causing 
inability to perform basic self-
care functions 
Neuromuscular weakness  
(including myopathy & 
neuropathy)  
Asymptomatic with decreased 
strength on exam OR Minimal 
muscle weakness causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Muscle weakness causing greater 
than minimal interference with 
usual social & functional 
activities 
Muscle weakness causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities  
Disabling muscle weakness 
causing inability to perform basic 
self-care functions OR 
Respiratory muscle weakness 
impairing ventilation 
Neurosensory alteration 
(including paresthesia and 
painful neuropathy) 
Asymptomatic with sensory 
alteration on exam or minimal 
paresthesia causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities  
Sensory alteration or paresthesia 
causing greater than minimal 
interference with usual social & 
functional activities  
Sensory alteration or paresthesia 
causing inability to perform usual 
social & functional activities 
Disabling sensory alteration or 
paresthesia causing inability to 
perform basic self-care functions 
Seizure: (new onset)  
NA 
1 seizure  
2–4 seizures  
Seizures of any kind that are 
prolonged, repetitive (e.g., status 
epilepticus), or difficult to control 
(e.g., refractory epilepsy) 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
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CONFIDENTIAL 
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Seizure: (pre-existing)  
For worsening of existing 
epilepsy the grades should be 
based on an increase from 
previous level of control to any 
of these levels. 
NA 
Increased frequency of pre-
existing seizures (non-repetitive) 
without change in seizure 
character OR infrequent 
breakthrough seizures while on 
stable meds in a previously 
controlled seizure disorder 
Change in seizure character from 
baseline either in duration or 
quality (e.g., severity or focality)  
Seizures of any kind that are 
prolonged, repetitive (e.g., status 
epilepticus), or difficult to control 
(e.g., refractory epilepsy) 
Seizure  
±3HGLDWULF\HDUV
Seizure, generalized onset with 
or without secondary 
generalization, lasting  5 
minutes with  24 hours post 
ictal state 
Seizure, generalized onset with or 
without secondary generalization, 
lasting 5–20 minutes with  
 24 hours post ictal state 
Seizure, generalized onset with or 
without secondary generalization, 
lasting  
! 20 minutes  
Seizure, generalized onset with or 
without secondary generalization, 
requiring intubation and sedation 
Syncope (not associated with a 
procedure) 
NA 
Present 
NA 
NA 
Vertigo 
Vertigo causing no or minimal 
interference with usual social & 
functional activities 
Vertigo causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities  
Vertigo causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities 
Disabling vertigo causing 
inability to perform basic self-
care functions 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 120 
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086&8/26.(/(7$/
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Arthralgia 
See also Arthritis 
Joint pain causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Joint pain causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual social 
& functional activities 
Joint pain causing inability to 
perform usual social & 
functional activities 
Disabling joint pain causing 
inability to perform basic self-
care functions 
Arthritis 
See also Arthralgia 
Stiffness or joint swelling 
causing no or minimal 
interference with usual social & 
functional activities 
Stiffness or joint swelling causing 
greater than minimal interference with 
usual social & functional activities 
Stiffness or joint swelling 
causing inability to perform 
usual social & functional 
activities 
Disabling joint stiffness or 
swelling causing inability to 
perform basic self-care functions  
Bone Mineral Loss 
BMD t-score or z-score 
–2.5 to –1.0  
BMD t-score or z-score  –2.5 
Pathological fracture (including 
loss of vertebral height) 
Pathologic fracture causing life-
threatening consequences  
3HGLDWULF \HDUV
BMD z-score  
–2.5 to –1.0 
BMD z-score  –2.5 
Pathological fracture (including 
loss of vertebral height) 
Pathologic fracture causing life-
threatening consequences  
Myalgia 
(non-injection site) 
Muscle pain causing no or 
minimal interference with usual 
social & functional activities 
Muscle pain causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual social 
& functional activities 
Muscle pain causing inability 
to perform usual social & 
functional activities 
Disabling muscle pain causing 
inability to perform basic self-
care functions 
Osteonecrosis 
NA 
Asymptomatic with radiographic 
findings AND No operative 
intervention indicated 
Symptomatic bone pain with 
radiographic findings OR 
Operative intervention 
indicated 
Disabling bone pain with 
radiographic findings causing 
inability to perform basic self-
care functions 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 121 
22 July 2011 
6<67(0,&
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Acute systemic allergic 
reaction  
Localized urticaria (wheals) 
with no medical intervention 
indicated 
Localized urticaria with medical 
intervention indicated OR Mild 
angioedema with no medical 
intervention indicated 
Generalized urticaria OR 
Angioedema with  medical 
intervention indicated OR 
Symptomatic mild bronchospasm 
Acute anaphylaxis OR Life-
threatening bronchospasm OR 
laryngeal edema 
Chills
Symptoms causing no or 
minimal interference with 
usual social & functional 
activities 
Symptoms causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual social 
& functional activities  
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities 
NA 
Fatigue 
Malaise 
Symptoms causing no or 
minimal interference with 
usual social & functional 
activities 
Symptoms causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual social 
& functional activities 
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities 
Incapacitating fatigue/ malaise 
symptoms causing inability to 
perform basic self-care functions 
Fever (nonaxillary) 
37.7qC to 38.6qC
99.8qF to 101.5qF
38.7qC to 39.3qC
101.6qF to 102.8qF
39.4qC to 40.5qC
102.9qF to 104.9qF
! 40.5qC
! 104.9qF
Pain- indicate body site 
See also Injection site pain, 
Headache, Arthralgia, and 
Myalgia 
Pain causing no or minimal 
interference with usual social 
& functional activities 
Pain causing greater than minimal 
interference with usual social & 
functional activities 
Pain causing inability to perform 
usual social & functional 
activities 
Disabling pain causing inability to 
perform basic self-care functions 
OR Hospitalization (other than 
ER visit) indicated 
Unintentional weight loss 
NA 
5% to 9% loss in body weight from 
baseline 
10% to 19% loss in body weight 
from baseline 
t 20% loss in body weight from 
baseline OR  Aggressive 
intervention indicated [e.g., tube 
feeding or total parenteral 
nutrition] 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
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CONFIDENTIAL 
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,1-(&7,216,7(5($&7,21

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Injection site pain (pain without 
touching) 
Or Tenderness (pain when area 
is touched)  
Pain/tenderness causing no or 
minimal limitation of use of 
limb 
Pain/tenderness limiting use of 
limb OR Pain/tenderness causing 
greater than minimal interference 
with usual social & functional 
activities 
Pain/tenderness causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities 
Pain/tenderness causing inability to 
perform basic self-care function OR 
Hospitalization (other than ER visit) 
indicated for management of 
pain/tenderness 
Injection Site Reaction 
(Localized), ! 15 years 
Erythema OR Induration 
of 5 × 5 cm to 9x9 cm (or 
25-81cm2)
Erythema OR Induration OR 
Edema ! 9 cm any diameter (or !
81 cm2)
Ulceration OR Secondary 
infection OR Phlebitis OR 
Sterile abscess OR Drainage 
Necrosis (involving dermis and 
deeper tissue) 
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Pruritis associated with 
injection  
See also Skin: Pruritis 
(itching—no skin lesions) 
Itching localized to injection 
site AND Relieved 
spontaneously or with  48 h 
treatment  
Itching beyond the injection site 
but not generalized OR Itching 
localized to injection site 
requiring t 48 h treatment  
Generalized itching causing 
inability to perform usual social 
& functional activities 
NA 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 123 
22 July 2011 
(1'2&5,1(0(7$%2/,&
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Lipodystrophy (e.g., back of 
neck, breasts, abdomen) 
Detectable by study 
participant or caregiver (for 
young children and disabled 
adults) 
Detectable on physical exam by health 
care provider 
Disfiguring OR Obvious changes 
on casual visual inspection 
NA 
Diabetes mellitus 
NA 
New onset without need to initiate 
medication OR Modification of current 
meds to regain glucose control 
New onset with initiation of 
indicated med OR Diabetes 
uncontrolled despite treatment 
modification 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar 
non-ketotic coma)  
Gynecomastia 
Detectable by study 
participant or caregiver (for 
young children and disabled 
adults) 
Detectable on physical exam by health 
care provider 
Disfiguring OR Obvious on 
casual visual inspection 
NA 
Hyperthyroidism  
Asymptomatic 
Symptomatic causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual social 
& functional activities OR Thyroid 
suppression therapy indicated 
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities OR Uncontrolled 
despite treatment modification  
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., thyroid storm) 
Hypothyroidism 
Asymptomatic 
Symptomatic causing greater than 
minimal interference with usual social 
& functional activities OR Thyroid 
replacement therapy indicated 
Symptoms causing inability to 
perform usual social & functional 
activities OR Uncontrolled 
despite treatment modification  
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., myxedema coma) 
Lipoatrophy (e.g., fat loss 
from the face, extremities, 
buttocks) 
Detectable by study 
participant or caregiver (for 
young children and disabled 
adults) 
Detectable on physical exam by health 
care provider 
Disfiguring OR Obvious on 
casual visual inspection 
NA 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 124 
22 July 2011 
*(1,7285,1$5<
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Intermenstrual bleeding 
(IMB)
Spotting observed by participant OR 
Minimal blood observed during 
clinical or colposcopic exam 
Intermenstrual bleeding not 
greater in duration or amount than 
usual menstrual cycle 
Intermenstrual bleeding greater in 
duration or amount than usual 
menstrual cycle 
Hemorrhage with life-
threatening hypotension OR 
Operative intervention 
indicated 
Urinary tract obstruction 
(e.g., stone) 
NA 
Signs or symptoms of urinary 
tract obstruction without 
hydronephrosis or renal 
dysfunction 
Signs or symptoms of urinary tract 
obstruction with hydronephrosis or 
renal dysfunction 
Obstruction causing life-
threatening consequences 
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Infection (any other than 
HIV infection) 
Localized, no systemic antimicrobial 
treatment indicated AND Symptoms 
causing no or minimal interference 
with usual social & functional 
activities 
Systemic antimicrobial treatment 
indicated OR Symptoms causing 
greater than minimal interference 
with usual social & functional 
activities 
Systemic antimicrobial treatment 
indicated AND Symptoms causing 
inability to perform usual social & 
functional activities OR Operative 
intervention (other than simple 
incision and drainage) indicated 
Life-threatening consequences 
(e.g., septic shock) 
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Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 125 
22 July 2011 
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Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 126 
22 July 2011 
$SSHQGL[
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Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been 
reported with the use of nucleoside analogues alone or in combination with other 
antiretrovirals.A majority of these cases have been in women. Obesity and prolonged 
nucleoside exposure may be risk factors; however, cases have also been reported in subjects 
with no known risk factors. 
Guidelines for management of symptomatic hyperlactatemia and asymptomatic 
hyperlactatemia are outlined in Section A and B below and are derived from the AIDS 
Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Lactic Acidosis Guidelines. Section C outlines venous lactate 
collection techniques. 
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Symptomatic hyperlactatemia is defined as a clinical suspicion of hyperlactatemia 
characterized by new, otherwise unexplained and persistent (t 2 weeks) occurrence of 1 or 
more of the following symptoms: 
 Nausea and vomiting 
 Abdominal pain or gastric discomfort 
 Abdominal distention 
 Increased LFTs 
 Unexplained fatigue 
 Dyspnea 
AND
Venous lactate level greater than twice the upper normal limit (ULN) confirmed by repeat 
venous lactate analysis within 1 week and, if persistently elevated, arterial lactate with blood 
gas analysis. 
If the repeat venous lactate is elevated confirmation with an arterial lactate specimen and 
arterial blood gas (pH, PO2, PCO2, bicarbonate, oxygen saturation) should be performed 
within 48 hours. If the arterial specimen contains lactate at a level more than two times the 
upper limit of normal, the patient should be discontinued from the study and alternative 
therapy instituted. Subjects should be monitored weekly until signs and symptoms resolve. 
Hyperlactatemia should be followed until levels return to below two times the ULN and the 
patient.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 127 
22 July 2011 
An elevated anion gap in a patient with metabolic acidosis suggests the diagnosis of lactic 
acidosis. It can be suspected when the sum of cations minus the sum of 
anions [(Na+ + K+)  (Cl- + HCO3
-)] exceeds 18 mEq/L (18 mmol/L) in the absence of other 
causes of increased anion gap such as renal failure, salicylate ingestion or other poisoning, or 
significant ketonemia (e.g, diabetic ketoacidosis, alcohol). 
Management of symptomatic subjects with lactate levels of 1 to 2 times the ULN is left to the 
discretion of the Investigator. As some of the symptoms are sufficiently vague (e.g, fatigue) 
to be present in everyone, serial repeat testing is encouraged with plans to modify the 
regimen if the lactate level rises to greater than two times the ULN as outlined above. 
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In ASYMPTOMATIC subjects, lactic acidosis will be defined as hyperlactatemia greater 
than four times the ULN. Any patient with a lactate level more than two times the ULN but 
less than or equal to four times the ULN, should be questioned closely for symptoms 
(described above) and have a repeat venous sample obtained in 1 week, and, if confirmed, 
subsequently at monthly intervals. 
If the patient fulfills the definition for ASYMPTOMATIC hyperlactatemia, repeat venous 
lactate should be obtained within a week with confirmation of a more than 4-fold venous 
elevation in lactate by arterial lactate measurement and arterial blood gas (pH, PO2, PCO2,
bicarbonate, oxygen saturation) within 48 hours. If confirmed, the patient should be 
discontinued from the study and alternative therapy instituted. Hyperlactatemia should be 
followed until levels return to below two times the ULN. 
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Venous lactate levels are highly dependent on collection techniques. It is therefore 
recommended that the instructions below be followed closely. High lactate levels should be 
repeated for verification. If carefully collected, venous lactate level is equivalent to an 
arterial collection in most clinical situations. If it is not possible to collect the specimen 
without hand clenching or prolonged tourniquet time, an arterial lactate should be considered, 
as this will help exclude falsely elevated lactate levels. 
1. Have subject sit, relaxed for 5 minutes prior to venipuncture. 
2. Instruct subject to not clench the fist before or during the procedure and to relax the hand 
as much as possible. 
3. If possible, do not use a tourniquet. If a tourniquet is necessary, then apply tourniquet 
lightly and draw lactate first before the other samples with the tourniquet still in place. 
4. Collect the blood in a chilled gray-top (sodium fluoride-potassium oxalate) tube. 

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 
Protocol GS-US-174-0144 
Gilead Sciences, Inc. 
Original 
CONFIDENTIAL 
Page 128 
22 July 2011 
5. Place the specimen immediately on ice and send to the laboratory for immediate 
processing, preferably within 30 minutes of collection. 
6. If random lactate is elevated, then repeat as above with the following additional patient 
instructions: no alcohol within 24 hours, no exercise within 8 hours, and no food or drink 
except water within 4 hours of the draw.