Smartphone Screen Time Reduction Improves Mental Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Phase: NA
Conditions: Health Behavior
Sponsor: Danube University Krems

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
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© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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Trial Title:  Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized clinical trial 
Internal Reference Number / Short title: Digital Detox Study (DDS) 
Ethics Ref: EK GZ 67/2021-2024 
(submitted August 20, 2023, approved October 23, 2023) 
Original Trial Protocol in German  
 
Trial Registration Ref: https://osf.io/a9k76  
(Trial registration November 8, 2023) 
Original trial registration in English 
 
Chief Investigator: 
Prof. Dr. Christoph Pieh, Danube University Krems, Faculty of Medicine 
and Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 
Tel.: +43/2732-853/2530; Christoph.pieh@donau-uni.ac.at  
Investigators:  
Prof. Elke Humer;  
Katja Haider, Bsc, MSc 
Julia Schwab 
Dr. Andreas Hönigl 
Mag. Doris Mayerhofer 
Rachel Dale, PhD 
Prof. Dr. Christoph Pieh 
 
Sponsor/Funding:  
The study was financed by the department itself (no additional funding). 
The wearables were sponsored by the participating universities as well 
as from the state lower Austria. 
Funder:  
No funding.  
Chief Investigator Signature:  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 
1. 
KEY TRIAL CONTACTS ............................................................................................................................ 3 
2. 
LAY SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 3 
3. 
SYNOPSIS .............................................................................................................................................. 4 
5. 
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ........................................................................................................... 5 
6. 
OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME MEASURES .............................................................................................. 6 
7. 
TRIAL DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................ 8 
8. 
PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................................................. 8 
8.1. 
Trial Participants ........................................................................................................................... 8 
8.2. 
Inclusion Criteria ........................................................................................................................... 8 
8.3. 
Exclusion Criteria .......................................................................................................................... 8 
9. 
TRIAL PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................................. 8 
9.1. 
Recruitment .................................................................................................................................. 8 
9.2. 
Screening and Eligibility Assessment ............................................................................................ 8 
9.3. 
Informed Consent ......................................................................................................................... 9 
9.4. 
Randomisation .............................................................................................................................. 9 
9.5. 
Blinding and code-breaking .......................................................................................................... 9 
9.6. 
Baseline Assessments ................................................................................................................... 9 
9.9. 
Early Discontinuation/Withdrawal of Participants ..................................................................... 10 
9.10. 
Definition of End of Trial ......................................................................................................... 10 
10. 
TRIAL INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................................................... 10 
11. 
SAFETY REPORTING ......................................................................................................................... 10 
12. 
STATISTICS ...................................................................................................................................... 10 
12.3. 
Sample Size Determination ..................................................................................................... 11 
12.4. 
Analysis Populations ............................................................................................................... 11 
13. 
DATA MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 11 
14. 
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES ............................................................................................... 11 
17. 
ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................. 11 
17.1. 
Declaration of Helsinki ............................................................................................................ 11 
17.2. 
Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice ...................................................................................... 12 
17.7. 
Expenses and Benefits ............................................................................................................ 12 
18. 
FINANCE AND INSURANCE .............................................................................................................. 12 
18.1. 
Funding ................................................................................................................................... 12 
 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
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© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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1. KEY TRIAL CONTACTS 
 
Chief Investigator 
Prof. Dr. Christoph Pieh, MD 
Head of Department and Full Professor for Psychosomatic Medicine 
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy 
University Krems  
Dr. Dorrek Straße 30 
+432732893/2530 
 
Sponsor 
University will sponsor the fitness tracker.  
Funder(s) 
N.a. 
 
Clinical Trials Unit 
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy  
University Krems 
 
Statistician 
Prof. Elke Humer 
Elke.humer@donau-uni.ac.at 
 
Committees 
Prof. Dr. Christoph Pieh, MD 
Head of the Department and Full Professor  
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy 
University Krems  
Dr. Dorrek Straße 30 
+432732893/2530 
 
 
2. LAY SUMMARY  

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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The aim of this RCT is to evaluate the impact of digital detox on mental health in 18-29 yo students from 
Austria. Screen time (less than 2 hours per day ) as well as social media use (less than 1 hour per day) 
should be reduced for a period of 3 weeks and the effects should be compared to a controlled group .  
A sample of N > 96 should be recruited through newsletter, notices and advertising on social media. The 
inclusion criteria are more than 3 hours of screen time per day, primarily on social media, and no 
psychiatric illness for which they are being treated.  
After informing and signed the consent form, the particpants have to download an App (ESMira®),  which 
processes the whole study. The first step is to fill out sociodemographic data,smartphone usage and 
mental health questionnaires. After controlling for inclusion and exclusion criteria, ESMira will randomize 
into intervention (A) and controlled group (B).  
The participants in the intervention group (A) should continue their social media use and smartphone 
screen time unchanged for the first 10 days (Baseline= t1.)  After that, the participants should limit their 
use of social media, such as Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, Facebook, or similar sites to one hour per day 
and the complete screen time under two hours per day. To comply with that, participants should use the 
limiter function of there smartphone or download an additional app. Screen time of the smartphone and 
the social media use will be tracked automatically or via uploading a screenshot. At the end of the 
intervention (t2), the mental health questionnaires will be collected again. Afterwards there are no further 
tasks for the participants in the intervention group (A), social media use is possible again without 
restrictions, screen time and social media use will be tracked until 3 month follow up (t3). During the study 
period participants will be asked to additionally wear a fitness tracker to measure daily movement as well 
as sleep behavior.  
The controls group (B) will be asked to continue their social media use and screen time unchanged for 3 
month, after that the will be asked to fill out the mental health questionnaires again.  
Hypotheses 
The primary hypothesis of the study is that mental health, particularly stress, depressive symptoms, and 
sleep quality will improve after the intervention (t2) compared to the control group as well as compared 
to baseline.  
3. SYNOPSIS 
 
Trial Title 
Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A 
randomized clinical trial 
Internal ref. no. (or 
short title) 
EK GZ 67/2021-2024 
Trial registration 
https://osf.io/a9k76 
Sponsor  
N.a. 
Funder  
N.a.   
Clinical Phase  
 
Trial Design 
Two group, not blinded, randomized controlled trial with a follow up.  

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
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Trial Participants 
Healthy adults could participate if thes were 1) between 18 - 29 yo, 2) 
owning a smartphone and using it at least 3 h/d, and 3) no diagnosed or 
treated 
mental 
disorder, 
no 
ongoing 
psychotherapy 
or 
psychopharmaceutic therapy (self-report). Moderately elevated levels in 
mental health screening questionnaires were no exclusion criteria. 
Sample Size 
With a small to medium effect size (Cohens d= 0.45; power .8, 
significance level < .05, icc = .05), significant results can be expected with 
a completed data set of minimum 40 people per group. Considering a 
drop-out rate of 20%, at least 50 people per group were recruited. 
Planned Trial Period  
The total study period will be 12 weeks: Screening for eligibility, 10 days 
baseline phase, 3 weeks intervention, 6 weeks post intervention  to  
follow-up 
Planned Recruitment 
period  
Study protocol submission: August 20, 2023; Approval by Ethical 
committee October 23, 2023; Information on Social Media and notices 
at University; Registration November 8, 2023; Screening for Eligibility 
November 8-10, 2023 
 
Objectives 
Outcome Measures 
Timepoint(s)  
Primary 
 
 
• 
Depressive 
Symptoms 
• 
Well-being 
• 
Stress 
• 
Sleep Quality 
 
• 
Patient 
Health 
Questionnaire 
(PHQ-9) 
• 
World 
Health 
Organization well-
being 
questionnaire 
(WHO-5) 
• 
Perceived 
Stress 
Questionnaire 
(PSQ-20) 
• 
Insomnia Severity 
Index (ISI) 
 
T0, T1, T2 
Secondary 
 
 
• 
Problematic 
Smartphone Use 
• 
Disordered Eating 
• 
Body Appreciation 
• 
Anxiety 
• 
Smartphone 
Addiction 
Scale 
(SAS-SV) 
• 
SCOFF 
• 
BAS-2 
• 
GAD-7 
 
 
T0, T1, T2 
Intervention(s) 
 
• 
  
 
The intervention is reducing smartphone screen time <2/h for 3 weeks.   
Smartphone screen time will be assessed weekly in both groups using 
the smartphones’ built-in screen time measurements. Weekly, 
participants will be asked to upload a screenshot from their screen time 
from the previous week.  
 
 
4. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE  
 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
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© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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The mental health of young people has significantly deteriorated in recent years. For example, in Austria 
in 2022, 73% of girls and 45% of boys suffered from moderate depressive symptoms (Haider et al., 2023). 
Other psychological symptoms were also very common, such as anxiety symptoms (57% in girls and 35% 
in boys) or sleep problems (34% in girls, 21% in boys) (Haider et al., 2023). 
Although the causes of this trend are undoubtedly multifactorial and vary individually, daily smartphone 
use appears to have a particularly large impact (Humer et al., 2022). This is relevant because many 
countries, including Austria, are experiencing a rapid increase in daily smartphone use: According to the 
HBSC study, the average time spent on smartphones in 2022 was 5 hours per day, almost double what it 
was in 2018 (HBSC Study, 2022, HBSC Study, 2018). Additionally, there is at least a correlational 
relationship between screen time and mental health: a study of over 7000 young people showed that the 
likelihood of depressive symptoms increased up to 7 times with increasing smartphone use duration 
(Humer et al., 2022). Anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbances, disordered eating behavior, or stress also 
increased with increasing screen time, while life satisfaction and well-being decreased (Humer et al., 2022, 
Pieh et al., 2021). This demonstrates a stair-step effect: with each additional hour of daily screen time, the 
frequency of mental symptoms increases and well-being decreases (Humer et al., 2022). 
A significant portion of daily screen time is due to the use of social media. These platforms are now an 
integral part of our daily lives, and their usage is increasing exponentially (Huang et al., 2018; Y. Sun et al., 
2021). With the emergence of social media, the first scientific investigations into why we use social media 
were published (including Nadkarni et al., 2012). Excessive use of social media is associated with a variety 
of negative effects, such as decreased work performance (Kuss et al., 2014, Xanidis and Brignell, 2016), 
less healthy social relationships (Fox and Moreland, 2015, Müller et al., 2016), sleep problems (Koc & 
Gulyagci, 2013, Wolniczak et al., 2013), or lower life satisfaction (Blachnio et al., 2016, Hawi and Samaha, 
2016). 
More and more studies are highlighting the high addictive potential of social media (Sun et al., 2021). This 
seems to be present with most social media platforms, with TikTok (and presumably other short video 
formats) appearing to have particularly high addictive potential (Marengo et al., 2022). 
This is consistent with earlier findings that reported a significant increase in boredom or craving (a term 
from addiction medicine describing intense desire for the addictive substance during withdrawal) when 
completely abstaining from social media for a week (Stieger et al., 2018). This study also showed that after 
just one week, there was no lasting change in usage behavior. After the intervention, participants resumed 
using social media as frequently as before (Stieger et al., 2018). 
The reasons and causes for the intensive use of social media are certainly not fully understood. Activation 
of the brain's reward system through likes and positive interactions or the fear of missing out ("Fear of 
Missing Out" or FOMO) may repeatedly lead us to reach for our smartphones. But self-presentation, 
recognition, or "social comparison" can also play a role. 
While social media can have advantages for entertainment, distraction, or contact with others, excessive 
use can lead to a range of negative consequences. In response, the term "Digital Detox" has emerged to 
emphasize the need for a conscious reduction in digital use. 
5. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME MEASURES 
Objective, Research Question, Procedure, and Design 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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The aim of the planned study is to reduce the screen time of healthy students in Austria over a period of 
3 weeks and to investigate its impact on mental health.  
Mental health indicators were evaluated in both groups at baseline, post-intervention, and at follow-up 
(t2). Participants will be informed weekly via App.  
1. Main outcomes 
Well-being (WHO-5): The validated German version of the World Health Organization well-being 
questionnaire (WHO-5) will be used. 
Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9):Depressive symptoms will be assessed using the Patient Health 
Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the validated German version.  
Stress (PSQ-20): Stress will be assessed using the German version of the 20-item short-form of the 
Perceived Stress Questionnaire. 
Sleep quality (ISI): Sleep quality will be assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).  
 
2. Additional outcomes 
Problematic smartphone use (Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV)), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), 
disordered eating (SCOFF), and Body Appreciation (BAS-2) will further be assessed.  
 
Physical activity will be measured using a fitness tracker, as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and resting 
heart rate. 
 
Objectives 
Outcome Measures  
Timepoint(s) 
of 
evaluation of this 
outcome measure 
(if applicable) 
 
Depressive Symptoms (PHQ-9) 
Well-Being (WHO-5) 
Stress (PSQ 20) 
Sleep quality (ISI) 
• 
Patient 
Health 
Questionnaire 
(PHQ-9) 
• 
World Health Organization well-
being questionnaire (WHO-5) 
• 
Perceived Stress Questionnaire 
(PSQ-20) 
• 
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) 
At Baseline, post-
intervention and at 
Follow-up.  
 
• 
Problematic 
Smartphone 
Use 
• 
Smartphone Addiction Scale 
• 
SCOFF 
• 
BAS-2 
• 
GAD-7 
At Baseline, post-
intervention and at 
Follow-up. 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
Page 8 of 12 
• 
Disordered Eating 
• 
Body Appreciation 
• 
Anxiety 
 
 
6. TRIAL DESIGN 
This study is a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) with a follow-up. There is no blinding and a two parallel 
group design. In order to keep drop outs in the control group low, participants in the control group will be 
offered intervention after follow-up (cross over).  
 
7. PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION 
7.1. Trial Participants 
Inclusion Criteria 
• 
Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial. 
• 
Male or Female, aged 18 years or above (up to 29 yo). 
• 
Health volunteer trial: be in good health (no diagnosed mental disorder, no ongoing medication 
or psychotherapy).  
 
7.2. Exclusion Criteria 
The participant may not enter the trial if ANY of the following apply: 
• 
Diagnosed mental disorder 
• 
Ongoing psychotherapy.  
• 
Psychotropic drugs.  
• 
Screen time daily less than 3 hours.  
 
8. TRIAL PROCEDURES 
8.1. Recruitment 
Via social media, newsletter and notices at university.  
8.2. Screening and Eligibility Assessment 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
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The screening and eligibility assessment included sociodemographic data (age, gender), physical activity 
per week, statement about mental health disorders or therapy, as well as mental health indicators.   
8.3. Informed Consent 
Written and verbal versions of the Participant Information and Informed Consent will be presented to the 
participants. Participants have to sign must personally sign and date the Informed Consent form before 
participation 
Written Informed Consent will then be obtained by means of participant dated signature and dated 
signature of the person who presented and obtained the Informed Consent. The person who obtained the 
consent must be suitably qualified and experienced, and have been authorised to do so by the 
Chief/Principal Investigator. The original signed form will be retained at the trial site. 
8.4. Randomisation 
Randomization will be processes through the ESMira® App. This App allows automatically randomization 
to one or the other group. After signing an informed consent form, participants joined the study in the 
ESMira18 app via QR-code. Randomization of ESMira is impervious to external influences.    
8.5. Blinding and code-breaking 
No blinding 
8.6. Baseline Assessments 
Main Outcomes: 
• 
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) 
• 
World Health Organization well-being questionnaire (WHO-5) 
• 
Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-20) 
• 
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) 
Additional outcomes: 
• 
Smartphone Addiction Scale 
• 
SCOFF 
• 
BAS-2 
• 
GAD-7 
• 
Physical activity (Fitness tracker).  
 
 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
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8.7. Early Discontinuation/Withdrawal of Participants  
Withdraw is possible at any time and without giving a reason. In case of withdrawal prior randomization, 
data won´t be replaced. In case of withdrawel after randomization, missing data will be estimated by 
maximum likelihood estimation.  
8.8. Definition of End of Trial 
The end of trial is the follow-up measurement.   
9. TRIAL INTERVENTIONS  
Screen time (less than 2 hours per day ) as well as social media use (less than 1 hour per day) should be 
reduced for a period of 3 weeks and the effects should be compared to a controlled group. A sample of N 
> 96 should be recruited through newsletter, notices and advertising on social media. The inclusion criteria 
are more than 3 hours of screen time per day, and no psychiatric illness for which they are being treated. 
After informing and signed the consent form, the participants have to download an App (ESMira®), which 
processes the whole study. The first step is to fill out sociodemographic data,smartphone usage and 
mental health questionnaires. After controlling for inclusion and exclusion criteria, ESMira will randomize 
into intervention (A) and controlled group (B). The participants in the intervention group (A) should 
continue their social media use and smartphone screen time unchanged for the first 10 days (Baseline.) 
After that (t1), the participants should limit their use of social media, such as Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, 
Facebook, or similar sites to one hour per day and the complete screen time under two hours per day. To 
comply with that, participants should use the limiter function of there smartphone or download an 
additional app. Screen time of the smartphone and the social media use will be tracked automatically or 
via uploading a screenshot. At the end of the intervention (t2), the mental health questionnaires will be 
collected again. Afterwards there are no further tasks for the participants in the intervention group (A), 
screen time and social media use is possible again without restrictions. Screen time and social media use 
will be tracked until 3 month follow up (t3). During the study period participants will be asked to 
additionally wear a fitness tracker to measure daily movement as well as sleep behavior. The controls 
group (B) will be asked to continue their social media use and screen time unchanged to follow-up, after 
that the will be asked to fill out the mental health questionnaires again. After follow up, control group (B) 
will be offered to participate at intervention to keep drop outs and missing values low. 
10. SAFETY REPORTING 
Particpants will be informed that discomfort, burdensome, withdrawal symptoms, or unrest might be 
possible during 3-week intervention period. They will receive an emergency phone number for a 
psychological support if the symptoms were too stressful.  
11. STATISTIC ANALYSIS PLAN 
 
We will use the statistic software IBM SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to analyze the 
data. χ2-Test and independent samples tests will be used to examine differences at baseline (t0) 
regarding age, gender, smartphone screen time, physical activity per week, and mental health 
indicators between the control and the intervention group. 

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
Clinical Trial Protocol Template version 14.0  
 
 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
© Copyright: The University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2018 
 
 
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To examine the effect of reduced smartphone screen time on the mental health indicators, 
repeated measurements ANOVAs (rm-ANOVA) will be applied. The primary hypotheses focuses 
on the difference between t0 (baseline) and t1 (post-intervention) between control group and 
intervention group (between group effect). In a secondary analysis, the follow-up time point (t2) 
will also be included. 
Group allocation (control vs. intervention) will be the between-group factor, time will be the 
within-group factor (t0, t1, t2). Furthermore, a sub-group analysis (rm-ANOVA) will be applied of 
those, who strictly adhered to the 2h smartphone screen time limit during all three weeks. 
In case of baseline group-differences in the mental health indicators, these variables will be added 
as a covariate in the rm-ANOVA. If the sphericity assumption will be violated, the Greenhouse-
Geisser correction will be applied. In the post hoc tests, Bonferroni correction will be applied to 
adjust for multiple comparisons.  
Missing values will be estimated with via maximum likelihood estimation. 
 
11.1. 
Sample Size Determination 
 
According to the power analysis 40 per group should finish the study per group, in case of 20% drop 
outs, a minimum of 96 participants should be included.   
12. DATA MANAGEMENT 
The whole data collection procedure will be carried out through the ESMira App. ESMira is a tool for 
running longitudinal studies (ESM, AA, EMA, ...) with completely anonymized communication with 
participants and data collection. The following validated and frequently used mental health 
questionnaire will be used: Wellbeing (WHO-5), Depressive Symptoms (PHQ-9), Anxiety (GAD-7), Stress 
(PSS-10), Sleep quality (ISI), Eating disorder (EAT-8; SCOFF), and body awareness (BAD-2). These 
questionnaires will be collected at baseline, after intervention and at follow up. During the study, a 
weekly measurement of well being (WHO-5), body awareness (BAD-2), and stress (PSS-10) will be 
performed. What is ESMira? It works without a steady internet connection. All functionality of studies 
are saved locally in the app and saved data are cached and will be uploaded as soon as there is an 
internet connection. Personal Feedback: Researcher can set up complex charts that will be automatically 
calculated out of participants' data. These statistics can be either personalised to the participants or 
calculated out of all participants' data. Completely anonymous: Each participant gets a random 
participant id under which all data is collected. ESMira does not collect any personal data at any time. 
Anonymous Chat: Participants can communicate with the researcher from within the app and stay 
completely anonymous while doing so. Additionally, researchers can send important messages to all 
participants of a study. Free and open source: ESMira is developed as a project at Karl Landsteiner 
University to be used for our own studies and published for the community to use completely free of 
charge. Find out more at: https://github.com/KL-Psychological-Methodology/ESMira  
13. ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 
13.1. 
Declaration of Helsinki 
The Investigator will ensure that this trial is conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration 
of Helsinki.  

Study protocol: Smartphone Screentime Reduction improves mental health: A randomized controlled trial 
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13.2. 
Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice 
The Investigator will ensure that this trial is conducted in accordance with relevant regulations and with 
Good Clinical Practice. 
13.3. 
Incentives  
Participants can keep the fitness tracker after completing the study as an incentive. 
14. FINANCE AND INSURANCE 
14.1. 
Funding 
No funding, however, the fitness tracker will be sponsored by University.