Comparing Oral Versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Trial
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Endovascular Infection, Bone and Joint Infection, Skin and Soft Tissue Infection, Pulmonary Infection, Gastrointestinal Infection, Genitourinary Infection
Sponsor: West Virginia University

 
 
 
 
Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Trial 
NCT05977868 
 
IRB Protocol 
May 2, 2025 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
Protocol Number & Study Protocol Title 
Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Trial 
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
Table of Contents 
Section I:    Team and Research Summary 
  Study Team Composition 
 Research Summary 
Section II:   Design 
 Background & Significance 
 Objectives 
 Study Design & Methodology  
Target Population & Recruitment Methods 
Risk & Benefit 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
Safety Monitoring & Unanticipated Event Reporting 
Study Duration & Timeline 
Section III:  Informed Consent Process 
Protected Health Information (PHI) 
Informed Consent Process 
Confidentiality & Privacy 
Section IV: Other Considerations 
Conflict of Interest 
Publications & Presentations 
References 
Abbreviations List 
COPAT: Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (Trial) 
COpAT: complex outpatient oral antimicrobial therapy (program) 
ID:          Infectious Diseases 
IV:          intravenous 
OPAT:   outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (program) 
PO:        oral 
WVU:    West Virginia University 
Section I: Team and Research Summary 
Study Team Composition 
Principal Investigators: 
Joy J. Juskowich, MD 
Assistant Professor and COpAT Medical Director, Section of ID, WVU Department of Medicine 
Years of experience conducting research: 4 
P.O. Box 9163, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-1968; email: jjuskowi@hsc.wvu.edu 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
Medical Director, WVU Positive Health Clinic 
Professor, Section of ID, WVU Department of Medicine 
Associate Dean, Clinical Affairs, WVU School of Medicine 
Years of experience conducting research: 30+ 
P.O. Box 9163, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-1945; email: asarwari@hsc.wvu.edu 
Co-Investigators: 
Jesse Thompson, PhD 
Research Assistant Professor, WVU Department of Medicine 
P.O. Box 9160, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-5610; email: jthompson8@hsc.wvu.edu 
John Guilfoose, MD 
Associate Professor, Section of ID, WVU Department of Medicine 
P.O. Box 9163, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-3306; email: jguilfoose@hsc.wvu.edu 
Allison Lastinger, MD 
Associate Professor, Section of ID, WVU Department of Medicine 
P.O. Box 9163, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-3306; email: alastinger@hsc.wvu.edu 
Jonathan Stanley, DO (United Hospital Center) 
ID Physician, United Hospital Center, WVU Medicine 
527 Medical Park Dr, STE 302, Bridgeport, WV 26330; phone: 681-342-3870; email: jonathan.stanley1@wvumedicine.org 
Connie Smith, MD, FAAP (Berkeley Medical Center) 
Assistant Professor, Section of ID-Eastern Campus, WVU Department of Medicine 
2010 Doctor Oates Drive, STE 103, Martinsburg, WV 25401; phone: 304-596-5142; email: cls0030@hsc.wvu.edu 
Victor Arcega, MD (Wheeling Hospital) 
Assistant Professor, Section of ID-Wheeling, WVU Department of Medicine 
P.O. Box 9163, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-3306l email: victor.arcega@hsc.wvu.edu 
Seyoum Bage, MD (Camden Clark Medical Center) 
ID Physician, Camden Clark Medical Center, WVU Medicine 
800 Grand Central Mall, STE 10, Vienna, WV 26105; phone: 304-916-1288; email: daffosb@yahoo.com 
Study Personnel: 
Manoj Nepal, PhD, CCRC 
Clinical Research Coordinator, WVU Department of Medicine 
P.O. Box 9163, Morgantown, WV 26506; phone: 304-293-5610; email: mn00023@hsc.wvu.edu 
Research Summary 
Study Population: N=135 patients (Experimental: 90 patients; Control: 45 patients); as the hypothesis is that adverse 
events will be significantly reduced in the experimental group with no significant difference in efficacy between 
groups, 135 patients (randomized 2:1) are needed to have power greater than 80%. 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
Inclusion (must meet all of the following): 

The patient is an adult (≥18 years) and English speaking

The patient is hospitalized at J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, United Hospital Center, Berkeley Medical Center, 
Wheeling Hospital, or Camden Clark Medical Center

The patient has been diagnosed with ≥1 of the following: endovascular, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue,
pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary infection

The patient is being transitioned to 2-8 weeks of IV antibacterial therapy on hospital discharge

The patient has capacity to participate in routine OPAT/COpAT follow-up (telephone check-ins, laboratory
monitoring, and in-person or telemedicine ID Clinic follow-up)
Exclusion (may not meet any of the following): 

The patient is not appropriate for OPAT (active injection drug use, lack of infusion resources, and/or unstable
outpatient environment)

The patient is not appropriate for COpAT (unable to receive PO medication or lack of an effective PO
antimicrobial option based on susceptibility testing)

The patient is unable to give informed consent 

The patient is a prisoner, pregnant, and/or mentally handicapped

The patient is determined unsafe for enrollment at the primary team’s discretion
As noted above, children, prisoners, pregnant women, and/or mentally handicapped individuals will not be included.  
WVU/UHA/WVUH employees or WVU students may enroll in the study if inclusion/exclusion criteria are met. 
Study Design: Investigator initiated multisite pragmatic randomized controlled trial 
All patients referred for OPAT will be evaluated by the research team with respect to inclusion/exclusion criteria.  If 
determined eligible for enrollment, patients will be approached by a study investigator who will present the COPAT 
Trial.  If interested in participating in the study, patients will then complete informed consent with a member of the 
research team (study investigator or research coordinator).  Once informed consent is obtained, patients will be 
randomized 2:1 using computer software into experimental or control (standard of care) group, respectively: 
Experimental: COpAT only on hospital discharge; Control: Conventional OPAT, OPAT transitioned to COpAT later in 
outpatient setting, or long-acting parenteral lipoglycopeptides.  For patients randomized into the experimental group, 
≥2 ID physicians (principal investigators for all patients and, if at a participating hospital other than J.W. Ruby 
Memorial Hospital, also the site co-investigator) on the research team will collaborate to determine COpAT regimens.  
Both groups will be followed by an ID physician on the research team with in-person or telemedicine ID Clinic 
standard of care visits at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after hospital discharge.  At the 6-week ID Clinic follow-up, patients will 
be asked to complete a patient satisfaction survey (separate attachment).  At the 12-week ID Clinic follow-up, all 
patients who attend will receive compensation.  Data will be collected from enrollment through completion of ID 
Clinic follow-ups directly from patients as well as through patient satisfaction surveys and review of electronic medical 
records in Epic.  The study process will be identical for all participating hospitals.  As early IV to PO antimicrobial 
transition for serious infections including endocarditis and bone and joint infections is well supported by evidence 
from published clinical trials and patients will not undergo testing/procedures beyond standard of care, risk to 
patients will be minimized.  Since patients enrolled in the study will have at least one serious infection and participate 
in a randomization process with the experimental study arm evidence based but not yet as widely incorporated in 
clinical practice, more than minimal risk will be involved. 
Study Duration: 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
Enrollment is expected to take up to 4 months to achieve the proposed sample size.  Subjects will be followed for 3 
months after hospital discharge.  Data collection will occur in real-time throughout the study, and final data analysis 
will be performed at conclusion of the study. 
Section II: Design 
Objectives 
Purpose: To demonstrate improved safety and equivalent effectiveness of early transition from IV antimicrobial 
therapy to COpAT across various infectious diseases (endovascular, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue, pulmonary, 
gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections) 
Primary Outcomes: Cure at 3 months using clinical (resolution of infection) and laboratory (improvement in 
inflammatory markers) parameters during ID Clinic follow-up as adjudicated by a 2-person evaluation team of ID 
faculty on the research team blinded to study arm and adverse events related to antimicrobial therapy/vascular 
access complication or readmission at 3 months.   
Secondary Outcome: Patient satisfaction using a patient satisfaction survey (separate attachment) administered at 6-
week ID Clinic follow-up.  
Rationale: Key focuses of this study are safety, effectiveness, and implementation science. 

Safety: This study will evaluate safety superiority with early transition from IV antimicrobial therapy to COpAT
versus standard of care antimicrobial therapy across various infectious diseases.

Effectiveness: This study will evaluate effectiveness equivalence between early transition from IV
antimicrobial therapy to COpAT and standard of care antimicrobial therapy across various infectious diseases.
Background & Significance 
Early IV to PO antimicrobial transition for serious infections including endocarditis and bone and joint infections is 
noninferior to prolonged IV antimicrobial therapy; this is supported by landmark studies published in the New England 
Journal of Medicine.1, 2, 3  As compared to inpatient IV antimicrobial therapy, OPAT has a similar adverse event rate but 
results in substantial cost savings.4  Challenges with IV antimicrobial therapy include vascular access requirement and 
risk of associated complications (i.e. bacteremia/fungemia and deep venous thrombosis) and social circumstance 
limitations.5  COpAT uses PO antimicrobials with high bioavailability in place of IV antimicrobials.5,6 According to 
retrospective data, early IV to PO antimicrobial transition compared to prolonged IV antimicrobial therapy for 
endocarditis has similar outcomes with fewer adverse events. 7  Our early experience at WVUH suggests COpAT is not 
only clinically effective and safer but also results in significant additional cost savings.6 However, unlike OPAT, COpAT 
programs are not yet widely incorporated into clinical practice.  In addition, clinical trials evaluating safety superiority 
with equivalent effectiveness of early IV to PO antimicrobial transition across various infectious diseases are lacking.  
The COPAT Trial is designed to demonstrate equivalent effectiveness with improved safety of early transition from IV 
antimicrobial therapy to COpAT across various infectious diseases (endovascular, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue, 
pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections); we hypothesize that adverse events will be significantly 
reduced in patients discharged from the hospital with COpAT versus standard of care with no significant difference in 
efficacy between groups.  Should results of the COpAT Trial support the hypothesis, the evidence may promote more 
widespread incorporation of COpAT programs into clinical practice, improving patient care and resulting in lower cost 
of care. 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 

Implementation Science: Conducting this study will promote development of COpAT programs at additional
WVU Medicine institutions.  Should this study prove our hypothesis, COpAT programs will be more widely
incorporated into clinical practice.
Study Design & Methodology 
This is an investigator initiated multisite pragmatic randomized controlled trial designed to demonstrate equivalent 
effectiveness with improved safety of early transition from IV antimicrobial therapy to COpAT across various 
infectious diseases (endovascular, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary 
infections).  Primary and secondary outcome data will be collected prospectively. 
All patients referred for OPAT will be evaluated by the research team with respect to inclusion/exclusion criteria.  If 
determined eligible for enrollment, patients will be approached by a study investigator who will present the COPAT 
Trial.  If interested in participating in the study, patients will then complete informed consent with a member of the 
research team (study investigator or research coordinator after collaborating with a study investigator).  Once 
informed consent is obtained, patients will be randomized 2:1 using computer software into experimental or control 
(standard of care) group, respectively: Experimental: COpAT only on hospital discharge; Control: Conventional OPAT, 
OPAT transitioned to COpAT later in outpatient setting, or long-acting parenteral lipoglycopeptides.  For patients 
randomized into the experimental group, ≥2 ID physicians (principal investigators for all patients and, if at a 
participating hospital other than J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, also the site co-investigator) on the research team will 
collaborate to determine COpAT regimens.  Both groups will be followed by an ID physician on the research team with 
in-person or telemedicine ID Clinic standard of care visits at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after hospital discharge.  At the 6-
week ID Clinic follow-up, patients will be asked to complete a patient satisfaction survey (separate attachment).  At 
the 12-week ID Clinic follow-up, all patients who attend will receive compensation.  
The following primary outcomes will be assessed: cure at 3 months using clinical and laboratory parameters during ID 
Clinic follow-up as adjudicated by a 2-person evaluation team of ID faculty blinded to study arm and adverse events 
related to antimicrobial therapy/vascular access complication (defined as any adverse event requiring intervention) or 
readmission at 3 months.  The following secondary outcome will be assessed: Patient satisfaction using a patient 
satisfaction survey administered at 6-week ID Clinic follow-up (separate attachment).  Data will be collected from 
patients directly as well as through patient satisfaction surveys and review of electronic medical records in Epic. 
Early IV to PO antimicrobial transition, as will be performed in the experimental group, has been proven clinically 
effective for serious infections including endocarditis and bone and joint infections.  According to retrospective data, 
early IV to PO transition compared to prolonged IV antimicrobial therapy for endocarditis has been shown to have 
similar outcomes with fewer adverse events.  In addition, retrospective chart review of the first 100 patients who 
completed the WVUH COpAT program, showed low failure and side effect/adverse events rates.  The experimental 
group is being compared to standard of care in current clinical practice.  As this is a pragmatic clinical trial, patients 
will not undergo additional invasive testing or procedures.  The probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort 
anticipated in this study are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life while 
undergoing treatment for serious infection(s).  Therefore, risk to patients will be minimized.  Since patients enrolled in 
the study will have at least one serious infection and participate in a randomization process with the experimental 
study arm evidence based but not yet as widely incorporated in clinical practice, more than minimal risk will be 
involved. 
There may be no direct benefit to study participants with the exception that patients randomized to the experimental 
group may be discharged from the hospital sooner and have improved safety.  This research will make a significant 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
contribution to the field of ID as more prospective data supporting early IV to PO antimicrobial transition for serious 
infections is needed to change practice. 
Target Population & Recruitment Methods 
Sample Size: As the hypothesis is that adverse events will be significantly reduced in the experimental group with no 
significant difference in efficacy between groups, 135 patients (Experimental: 90 patients; Control: 45 patients) are 
needed to have power greater than 80%. 
Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria: 
Inclusion (must meet all of the following): 

The patient is an adult (≥18 years) and English speaking

The patient is hospitalized at J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, United Hospital Center, Berkley Medical Center,
Wheeling Hospital, or Camden Clark Medical Center

The patient has been diagnosed with ≥1 of the following: endovascular, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue,
pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary infection

The patient is being transitioned to 2-8 weeks of IV antimicrobial therapy on hospital discharge

The patient has capacity to participate in routine OPAT/COpAT follow-up (telephone check-ins, laboratory
monitoring, and in-person or telemedicine ID Clinic follow-up)
Exclusion (may not meet any of the following): 

The patient is not appropriate for OPAT (active injection drug use, lack of infusion resources, and/or unstable
outpatient environment)

The patient is not appropriate for COpAT (unable to receive PO medication or lack of an effective PO
antimicrobial option based on susceptibility testing)

The patient is unable to give informed consent 

The patient is a prisoner, pregnant, and/or mentally handicapped

The patient is determined unsafe for enrollment at primary team’s discretion
Vulnerable Populations: 

As noted in the above inclusion/exclusion criteria, children, prisoners, pregnant women, and/or mentally
handicapped individuals will not be included in this study.

WVU/UHA/WVUH employees or WVU students may enroll in the study if inclusion/exclusion criteria are met.
Recruitment: All patients referred for OPAT will be evaluated by the research team with respect to 
inclusion/exclusion criteria.  If determined eligible for enrollment, patients will be approached by a study investigator 
who will present the COPAT Trial.  If interested in participating in the study, patients will then complete informed 
consent with a member of the research team (study investigator or research coordinator after collaborating with a 
study investigator). 
Risk & Benefit 
Risk: Patients may experience standard of care adverse events related to antimicrobial therapy and/or vascular access 
device, lack of infection resolution, or infection recurrence.  No study-related adverse events expected.  There is 
always the risk of uncommon or previously unknown side effect(s) or adverse event(s).  Other possible risks and 
discomforts include experiences associated with IV antibiotic use such as need for IV access, more time required to 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
take each dose, and number of doses per day.  Similarly, possible risks and discomforts associated with oral antibiotic 
use may include experiences associated with pill size and number of doses per day.  IV and oral antibiotics have 
similar side effects. 
If an infection is not improving or a patient is having major side effects, treatment may be changed to IV antibiotics (if 
a patient is receiving oral) or oral antibiotics (if a patient is receiving IV). 
Benefit: Patients may be discharged from the hospital sooner and have a reduced risk of adverse events related to 
vascular access device if randomized to the experimental group. 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
Sample Size: As the hypothesis is that adverse events will be significantly reduced in the experimental group with no 
significant difference in efficacy between groups, 135 patients (Experimental: 90 patients; Control: 45 patients) are 
needed to have power greater than 80%.  Calculations were performed through consultation with a biostatistician 
using failure and adverse event rates for COpAT/PO antimicrobial therapy taken from data presented and published 
on 100 patients who completed the WVUH COpAT Program and for conventional/intravenous antimicrobial therapy 
taken from clinical trial data published on serious infections including endocarditis and bone and joint infections. 
Sample Size Allocation: As the study will be conducted across 5 WVU Medicine hospitals, the number of subjects each 
site expects to enroll is as follows: J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital 90 patients, United Hospital Center 18 patients, 
Berkeley Medical Center 12 patients, Wheeling Hospital 9 patients, Camden Clark Medical Center 6 patients. 
Data Safety Monitoring: A Data and Safety Monitoring Plan will be implemented to facilitate ongoing review of the 
study, actions, data collection, and analysis throughout the entirety of the project.  It will include details regarding 
handling serious adverse events (SAEs)/adverse events (AEs).  A Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been 
formed to oversee subject safety including one member not on the research team who is an expert in the field of ID: 
Michael Stevens, MD, MPH, FSHEA, FIDSA, FACP, WVU Health System’s System Healthcare Epidemiologist and 
Associate Chief Quality Officer for Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship and WVU Professor of Internal 
Medicine and Public Health, accepted his nomination to serve this role.  The DSMB will review data and provide 
monitoring at 3 points in the study: after 45 patients are enrolled, after 90 patients are enrolled, and after 135 
patients are enrolled. 
Early Stopping and Selection: Bayesian statistical model will be used to assess efficacy outcomes and adverse events 
in the interim analysis.  In particular, the predictive probability (for the final sample size) of primary outcomes will be 
estimated, given the current data.  Denoting the posterior probabilities of adverse event outcome p1 (Control Arm) 
and p2 (Experimental Arm), respectively; the posterior probabilities of efficacy outcome by q1 (Control Arm) and q2 
(Experimental Arm), respectively.  
If Prob {p1>p2 | data} >0.90 and Prob{ |q1 – q2| < 0.10 |data} > 0.90, 
then the trial will be stopped early, and the experimental arm will be selected as superior arm.  
Safety Monitoring & Unanticipated Event Reporting 
In addition to the DSMB, the principal investigators will be responsible for data quality management and safety 
monitoring.  At hospitals other than J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, site co-investigators will provide enrollment reports 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
to the principal investigators weekly and report any serious events to the principal investigators immediately.  The 
principal investigators will then report any adverse or unanticipated events to the IRB in conjunction with 
requirements outlined by the IRB.  The principal investigators will chair a monthly meeting including collaborating site 
co-investigators to ensure all data entry for current subjects is complete and up to date, review safety data including 
all serious events, and discuss all protocol deviations. 
Study Duration & Timeline 
Study Duration: 
Enrollment is expected to take 4 months to achieve our proposed sample size.  Subjects will be followed for 3 months 
after hospital discharge.  Data collection will occur in real-time throughout the study, and final data analysis will be 
performed at conclusion of the study. 
Section III: Informed Consent Process 
Protected Health Information (PHI) 
Our study will require dealing with PHI, including names, medical record numbers, dates, and phone numbers.  PHI 
will not be used for data analysis or reported/published.  All PHI will be kept confidential. 
Informed Consent Process 
All patients referred for OPAT will be evaluated by the research team with respect to inclusion/exclusion criteria.  If 
determined eligible for enrollment, patients will be approached by a study investigator who will present the COPAT 
Trial.  If interested in participating in the study, patients will then complete informed consent with a member of the 
research team (study investigator or research coordinator after collaborating with a study investigator). 
Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study, all patients will be adults (≥18 years) and able to give informed 
consent.  Therefore, only patients themselves will grant consent to participate.  Informed consent will require a 
written signature from patients with the exception of patients unable to write due to a physical condition including 
but not limited to infection involving the dominant hand in which case verbal consent may be accepted and 
documented on the consent form with a witness present. 
Confidentiality & Privacy 
Confidentiality: All data will be kept for 3 years after the conclusion of the research project.  Any physical copies of 
data collected will be kept in a locked drawer or file cabinet within a locked room or office.  Digital data will be 
encrypted on a password protected database/drive.  All patient identifiers will be stored separately from data 
collected. 
Privacy: Conversations with patients while hospitalized will be conducted in the privacy of their own hospital rooms.  
Telephone check-ins with patients for OPAT/COpAT monitoring (standard of care) will be conducted from a private 
office with the door closed.  ID Clinic follow-ups will be conducted in private clinical exam rooms.  Data will be kept 
safe and secure according to the process explained in the above section. 
Section IV: Other Considerations 

    Investigator Initiated Protocol
Investigator Resources
WVU+kc Protocol #: 2304754420 
PIs: Joy J. Juskowich, MD, and Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA 
Conflict of Interest 
The research team does not have any conflicts of interest to report. 
Publications & Presentations 
The research team plans for results of this research to be presented at IDWeek 2024 and submitted for publication in 
either Clinical Infectious Diseases or the New England Journal of Medicine. 
References 
1.
Iverson K, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, et al. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N
Engl J Med. 2019;380(5):415-424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808312
2.
Li HK, Rombach I, Zambellas R, et al. Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. N Engl J
Med. 2019;380(5):425-436. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1710926
3.
Rosenvinge F, Helweg-Larsen, J, Fosbol, EL, et al. Five-Year Outcomes of the Partial Oral Treatment of
Endocarditis (POET) Trial. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(6):601-602. doi: 10.1 
4.
Staples JA, Ho M, Ferris D, et al. Outpatient versus Inpatient Intravenous Antimicrobial Therapy: A Population-
Based Observational Cohort Study of Adverse Events and Costs. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(11):1921-1929. doi:
10.1093/cid/ciac298
5.
Rivera CG, Mehta M, Ryan KL, et al. Role of infectious diseases pharmacists in outpatient intravenous and
complex oral antimicrobial therapy: Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists insights. J Am Coll Clin Pharm.
2021;4:1161-1169. doi: 10.1002/jac5.1473
6.
Juskowich JJ, Ward A, Spigelmyer A, et al. Complex Outpatient Oral Antimicrobial Therapy (COpAT) Program at 
a Rural Academic Medical Center: Evaluation of First 100 Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022; 9(2): S418-
S419. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.843
7.
Freling S, Wald-Dickler N, Banerjee J, et al. Real-world Application of Oral Therapy for Infective Endocarditis: A
Multicenter Retrospective, Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023; ciad119. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad119.