Prospective, Randomized, Multi-center Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult
Sponsor: Michael A. Matthay

Clinical Study Protocol 
 
Protocol Title: A Phase 1 / 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-
controlled, Multi-center Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Bone 
Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the 
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 
Investigational 
Drug: 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
Protocol 
Number: 
UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
IND Number: 
15331 
Sponsor-
Investigator: 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
University of California, San Francisco 
 
 
Signature: 
_________________________________________ 
 
 
Original Date: 
 
 
 
 
17 February 2015 
 
 
Confidentiality Statement 
 
This document is confidential and is to be distributed for review only to investigators, potential 
investigators, consultants, study staff, and applicable independent ethics committees or 
institutional review boards. The consents of this document shall not be disclosed to others without 
written authorization from NHLBI, unless it is necessary to obtain informed consent from 
potential study participants. 
 
 
PROTOCOL Approval 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page ii 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Protocol:  
 
UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-04 
 
Version/Date: 
 
February 17, 2015 
IND: [number] 
 
15331 
Protocol Chair: 
 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
 
Short Title:  Mesenchymal Stem Cells For Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 
 
 
 
I have read protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06, and I approve it. As the principal 
investigator, I agree to conduct this protocol according to good clinical practices, which are 
delineated in the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements 
for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use “Guidance for Industry: E6 Good Clinical 
Practice Consolidated Guidance” (May 1996), and according to the criteria specified in this 
protocol. 
 
Print Name of Principal Investigator [or Protocol Chair]: 
 
______________________________________________________ 
 
Signature:______________________________________________    
 
Date:__________________________________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page iii 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Protocol Synopsis 
Name of Sponsor – 
Investigator 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
University of California, San Francisco 
Investigational Product 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
Protocol Number: 
UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
Title: 
A Phase 1/ 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-
controlled, Multi-center Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Bone 
Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the 
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 
Short Title 
Mesenchymal Stem Cells For Acute Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome 
Clinical Phase 
Phase 1 and Phase 2 
Methodology 
Dose escalation for Phase 1 
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled for Phase 2 
Study duration 
3 years 
IND Sponsor-Investigator 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
Funding Sponsor 
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute  
Study Product 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
IND Number 
15331 
Participating Sites 
Multi-center Intensive Care Unit study sites 
Study Objective 
To assess the safety and efficacy of hMSCs in critically ill 
patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
Accrual Objective 
Phase 1: 9 patients receiving hMSCs (3 patients per dose) 
Phase 2: 60 patients (40 patients receiving hMSCs and 20 
patients receiving placebo)  
Study Design 
Phase 1: Open label, dose escalation, multi-center 
Phase 2: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 
multi-center  
Subjects with ARDS will receive a single infusion of hMSCs 
or placebo. 
Study Product, Dose, Route, 
Regimen 
 
The cellular product is cryopreserved for long-term storage. 
The cryopreserved hMSCs are formulated DMSO (10%), 
human serum albumin (5%) and Plasma-Lyte A (30%).  
Immediately prior to administration, the product is thawed, 
washed, and resuspended in Plasma-Lyte A, a clinical-grade 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page iv 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Name of Sponsor – 
Investigator 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
University of California, San Francisco 
Investigational Product 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
infusible solution for intravenous administration.  
Placebo: Plasma-Lyte A 
 
For both Phase 1 and Phase 2, each dose of the hMSCs or 
placebo will be administered intravenously over 
approximately 60-80 minutes. All patients will receive one 
dose.  
Phase 1: Dose Escalation 
1 x 106 cells/kg (n=3), 5 x 106 cells/kg (n=3) and  
10 x 106 cells/kg (n=3) 
Phase 2: 
10 x 106 cells/kg (n=40); placebo (n=20) 
Primary Phase 1 and 2 
Endpoint:  
Safety: Tolerability of the hMSCs, defined based on the 
incidence of pre-specified infusion associated events and of 
unexpected severe adverse events in ARDS patients treated 
with hMSCs.  
Secondary Phase 2 
Endpoints:  
Efficacy: 
Respiratory endpoints: Oxygenation index, PaO2/FiO2 ratio 
and  acute lung injury score  
Systemic endpoints: Brussels organ failure-free days, mean 
daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, 
vasopressor-free, ventilator-free, intensive care unit (ICU) 
free days, as well as 60 day all-cause mortality 
Biomarkers: Change in levels of plasma biomarkers of lung 
epithelial injury (Receptor for Advanced Glycation 
Endproducts, RAGE), pro- and anti-inflammatory markers 
(interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 and interleukin-
1Ra), endothelial injury (plasma von Willebrand factor 
[vWF], angiopoietin-2 [Ang-2]), markers of change in other 
organ function (creatinine) and markers that reflect the 
paracrine activity of the administered hMSCs (angiopoietin-
1 [Ang-1] and keratinocyte growth factor [KGF]) as well as 
lung protein permeability (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] 
protein) at day 2. 
Inclusion Criteria 
Patients will be eligible for inclusion if they meet all of the 
below criteria. Criteria 1-3 must all be present within a 24-
hour time period and at the time of enrollment: 
Acute onset (defined below) of: 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
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University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Name of Sponsor – 
Investigator 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
University of California, San Francisco 
Investigational Product 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
1. A need for positive pressure ventilation by an 
endotracheal or tracheal tube with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 
200 with at least 8 cm H2O positive end-expiratory 
airway pressure (PEEP). A patient may be included if the 
PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200 with < 8 cm H2O PEEP if there is 
a contraindication to increased PEEP: evidence of 
barotrauma.  
2. Bilateral infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema on 
frontal chest radiograph 
3. No clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension for 
bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. 
 
• Acute onset is defined as follows: The duration of the 
hypoxemia criterion (#1) and the chest radiograph 
criterion (#2) must be < 28 days at the time of 
randomization  
• Infiltrates considered “consistent with pulmonary edema” 
include any infiltrates not fully explained by mass, 
atelectasis, or effusion or opacities known to be chronic 
(greater than 28 days). Vascular redistribution, indistinct 
vessels, and indistinct heart borders alone are not 
considered “consistent with pulmonary edema” and thus 
would not count as qualifying opacities for this study. 
• If a patient meets the first two inclusion criteria but has a 
PAOP (Pulmonary Arterial Occlusion Pressure, also 
known as the Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure) 
greater than 18 mm Hg, then the first two criteria must 
persist for more than 12 hours after the PAOP has 
declined to ≤ 18 mm Hg, and still be within the 96-hour 
enrollment window. 
 
In addition to meeting inclusion criteria, enrollment must 
occur within 96-hours of first meeting ARDS criteria per the 
Berlin definition of ARDS. 
 
Exclusion Criteria 
1. Age less than 18 years 
2. Greater than 96 hours since first meeting ARDS criteria 
per the Berlin definition of ARDS 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page vi 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Name of Sponsor – 
Investigator 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
University of California, San Francisco 
Investigational Product 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
3. Pregnant or breast-feeding  
4. Prisoner 
5. Presence of any active malignancy (other than non-
melanoma skin cancer) that required treatment within the 
last 2 years  
6. Any other irreversible disease or condition for which 6-
month mortality is estimated to be greater than 50%  
7. Moderate to severe liver failure (Childs-Pugh Score > 
12)  
8. Severe chronic respiratory disease with a PaCO2 > 50 
mm Hg or the use of home oxygen 
9. Patient, surrogate, or physician not committed to full 
support (exception: a patient will not be excluded if 
he/she would receive all supportive care except for 
attempts at resuscitation from cardiac arrest) 
10. Major trauma in the prior 5 days 
11. Lung transplant patient 
12. No consent/inability to obtain consent 
13. Moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours 
14. WHO Class III or IV pulmonary hypertension 
15. Documented deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary 
embolism within past 3 months 
16. No arterial line/no intent to place an arterial line 
17. No intent/unwillingness to follow lung protective 
ventilation strategy or fluid management protocol 
18. Currently receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS) 
or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) 
 
Statistical Consideration 
The primary safety analysis will be descriptive and will 
focus, as described above, on the incidence of pre-specified 
infusion associated events and of unexpected severe adverse 
events in ARDS patients treated with hMSCs.  
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 1 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Table of Contents 
 
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS ............................................................................................................................. III 
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 1 
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. 4 
1 
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 5 
1.1 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 5 
1.2 SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE ....................................................................................................................... 5 
1.2.1 
Significance of this work to Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ........... 5 
1.3 BACKGROUND RELEVANT TO MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN ALI/ARDS ..... 6 
1.3.1 
Engraftment and Trans-differentiation ..................................................................................... 6 
1.3.2 
Immunomodulatory & Anti-inflammatory Effects ..................................................................... 6 
1.3.3 
Anti-Microbial Effects ............................................................................................................... 7 
1.3.4 
Secretion of Paracrine Soluble Factors that Enhance Alveolar Fluid Clearance and the 
Resolution of Alveolar Edema .............................................................................................................. 8 
1.3.5 
Secretion of Paracrine Soluble Factors that Improve Lung Endothelial and Epithelial 
Permeability .......................................................................................................................................... 9 
1.4 NONCLINICAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY STUDIES .................................................................................. 10 
1.5 DESCRIPTION OF INVESTIGATIONAL CELLULAR PRODUCT AND DOSE SELECTION ................................. 11 
1.6 CLINICAL EXPERIENCE ...................................................................................................................... 12 
1.7 POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS TO HUMAN PARTICIPANTS ............................................................... 14 
1.7.1 
Potential Benefits .................................................................................................................. 14 
1.7.2 
Potential Risks ....................................................................................................................... 15 
1.8 STUDY RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................... 16 
2 
STUDY OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 16 
2.1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................ 16 
2.2 SECONDARY OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................... 16 
3 
STUDY DESIGN ................................................................................................................................. 17 
3.1 PHASE 1 STUDY DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 17 
3.2 PHASE 2 STUDY DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 17 
4 
ENDPOINTS ....................................................................................................................................... 18 
4.1 PRIMARY STUDY ENDPOINT: PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2........................................................................... 18 
4.2 SECONDARY ENDPOINTS: PHASE 2 ................................................................................................... 19 
5 
STUDY POPULATION AND ENROLLMENT .................................................................................... 20 
5.1 NUMBER/SOURCE/SCREENING .......................................................................................................... 20 
5.2 INCLUSION CRITERIA ......................................................................................................................... 21 
5.3 EXCLUSION CRITERIA ....................................................................................................................... 21 
5.4 
STUDY INITIATION TIME WINDOW ....................................................................................................... 23 
5.5 SUBJECT RECRUITMENT AND INFORMED CONSENT ............................................................................ 23 
5.6 RANDOMIZATION ............................................................................................................................... 23 
5.7 EARLY WITHDRAWAL OF SUBJECTS ................................................................................................... 24 
5.7.1 
When and How to Withdraw Subjects ................................................................................... 24 
5.7.2 
Data Collection and Follow-up for Withdrawn Subjects ........................................................ 24 
6 
STUDY DRUG .................................................................................................................................... 24 
6.1 DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................... 24 
6.2 TREATMENT REGIMEN ...................................................................................................................... 24 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
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University of California, San Francisco  
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6.3 PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF CELLULAR PRODUCT ............................................................ 25 
6.3.1 
Cellular Product Preparation ................................................................................................. 25 
6.3.2 
Placebo Product Preparation ................................................................................................ 25 
6.4 SUBJECT COMPLIANCE MONITORING ................................................................................................. 25 
6.5 PRIOR AND CONCOMITANT THERAPY ................................................................................................. 25 
6.6 BLINDING OF CELLULAR PRODUCT .................................................................................................... 25 
6.7 RECEIVING, STORAGE, DISPENSING AND RETURN .............................................................................. 26 
6.7.1 
Receipt of Cellular Product .................................................................................................... 26 
6.7.2 
Storage .................................................................................................................................. 26 
6.7.3 
Dispensing of Cellular Product .............................................................................................. 26 
6.7.4 
Return or Destruction of Cellular Product ............................................................................. 26 
7 
STUDY PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................................... 26 
7.1 PRE-SCREENING .............................................................................................................................. 26 
7.2 INFORMED CONSENT AND RANDOMIZATION ........................................................................................ 26 
7.3 BASELINE STUDY PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................ 27 
7.4 
HMSC ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................................... 27 
7.5 VENTILATOR MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................... 28 
7.6 CONCOMITANT THERAPY .................................................................................................................. 29 
7.7 BIOSPECIMENS FOR BIOLOGICAL ENDPOINT MEASUREMENTS ............................................................. 29 
7.8 DAY 3 MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................................... 29 
7.9 DAY 7 MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................................... 30 
7.10 DAY 14 MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 30 
7.11 DAY 28 MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 30 
7.12 POST-HOSPITALIZATION FOLLOW-UP ................................................................................................. 30 
8 
DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................................... 31 
8.1 MEDICAL HISTORY ............................................................................................................................ 31 
8.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENTS .................................................................................................................. 31 
8.2.1 
To Be Collected From Patient Charts.................................................................................... 31 
8.3 ASSESSMENT AFTER ENROLLMENT: DETERMINATION OF STABLE BASELINE FOR HMSCS 
ADMINISTRATION, MONITORING DURING AND AFTER INFUSION PROTOCOL ................................................... 32 
8.4 ASSESSMENT AFTER ENROLLMENT: REFERENCE MEASUREMENTS ...................................................... 32 
8.4.1 
Reference Measurements (to be collected from patient charts) ........................................... 32 
8.4.2 
Specimen Collection .............................................................................................................. 33 
8.5 ENDPOINT DETERMINATIONS ............................................................................................................. 33 
8.6 ASSESSMENTS AFTER HOSPITALIZATION ........................................................................................... 33 
9 
STATISTICAL PLAN ......................................................................................................................... 34 
9.1 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION .......................................................................................................... 34 
9.2 STATISTICAL METHODS ..................................................................................................................... 34 
9.3 SUBJECT POPULATION(S) FOR ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 35 
10 
SAFETY AND ADVERSE EVENTS ................................................................................................... 36 
10.1 DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................................................... 36 
10.2 RECORDING OF ADVERSE EVENTS .................................................................................................... 37 
10.3 REPORTING OF SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS AND UNANTICIPATED PROBLEMS ..................................... 38 
10.3.1 
Investigators’ Reporting Requirements to the Sponsor .................................................... 38 
10.3.2 
Sponsor Reporting: Notifying the FDA .............................................................................. 38 
10.3.3 
Sponsor Reporting:  Notifying the DSMB ......................................................................... 39 
10.4 UNBLINDING PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 .......................................................................................... 39 
10.5 STOPPING RULES ............................................................................................................................. 40 
10.6 MEDICAL MONITORING ...................................................................................................................... 41 
10.6.1 
Independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board ............................................................... 41 
11 
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING ................................................................................... 42 
Date: February 17, 2015 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
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University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
11.1 CONFIDENTIALITY ............................................................................................................................. 42 
11.2 SOURCE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 42 
11.3 CASE REPORT FORMS ...................................................................................................................... 42 
11.4 RECORDS RETENTION ...................................................................................................................... 43 
12 
STUDY MONITORING, AUDITING, AND INSPECTING .................................................................. 43 
12.1 STUDY MONITORING PLAN ................................................................................................................ 43 
12.2 AUDITING AND INSPECTING ............................................................................................................... 43 
13 
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 44 
14 
STUDY FINANCES ............................................................................................................................ 44 
14.1 FUNDING SOURCE ............................................................................................................................ 44 
14.2 CONFLICT OF INTEREST .................................................................................................................... 44 
15 
PUBLICATION PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 44 
16 
LIST OF REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 44 
17 
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................... 50 
APPENDIX A: TIME-EVENTS SCHEDULE ...................................................................................................... 51 
APPENDIX B: LUNG INJURY SCORE ............................................................................................................ 52 
APPENDIX C: DE-IDENTIFIED DATA ELEMENTS FOR SCREENED, NON-ENROLLED SUBJECTS .......................... 53 
APPENDIX D: ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IDENTIFICATION TEST (AUDIT) ....................................................... 54 
 
54 
APPENDIX E: VENTILATOR MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 55 
APPENDIX F: CLINICAL CELL WASH PROTOCOL .......................................................................................... 59 
APPENDIX G: HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL INFUSION PROCEDURE .................................................... 64 
APPENDIX H: GUIDELINES FOR SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT DURING HMSCS INFUSION .................................... 69 
APPENDIX I.  MINI-BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE PROCEDURE ..................................................................... 71 
APPENDIX J. START PHASE 2 INVESTIGATIONAL PRODUCT INFUSION PROTOCOL ........................................ 72 
APPENDIX K. BAROTRAUMA ....................................................................................................................... 77 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 4 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Glossary of Abbreviations 
 
Abbreviation 
Full Term 
AE 
Adverse event 
ALI 
Acute Lung Injury 
ARDS 
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 
BAL 
Bronchalveolar Lavage 
CFR 
Code of Federal Regulations 
CRF 
Case report form 
DSMB 
Data and Safety Monitoring Board 
ECLS 
Extracorporeal Life Support 
FDA 
Food and Drug Administration 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
HFOV 
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation 
hMSCs 
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 
IB 
Investigator Brochure 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonisation 
IEC 
Institutional Ethics Committee 
IND 
Investigational New Drug 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
IV 
Intravenous(ly) 
LOCF 
Last Observation Carried Forward 
MSCs 
Mesenchymal Stem Cells 
PAOP 
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure 
PEEP 
Positive end-expiratory pressure 
SAE 
Serious adverse event 
SOE 
Schedule of events 
SRC 
Scientific Review Committee  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 5 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
1 BACKGROUND 
1.1 Summary 
We hypothesize that Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 
(referred to hereafter as hMSCs) administered to patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome (ARDS) will be safe and effective. A combined Phase 1 and Phase 2 trial with this 
cell-based therapy will be used to test the safety and efficacy based on potential treatment of the 
major abnormalities that underlie ARDS, including altered lung endothelial and epithelial 
permeability and dysregulated inflammation and infection.  
1.2 Scientific Rationale 
1.2.1 Significance of this work to Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome 
Morbidity and mortality have declined only modestly in patients with clinical acute lung injury 
(ALI) and its more severe form, ARDS, in the last decade, despite extensive research into its 
pathophysiology (1-3). Current treatment remains primarily supportive with lung-protective 
ventilation and a fluid conservative strategy (4, 5). Pharmacologic therapies that reduce the 
severity of lung injury in vivo and in vitro have not yet been translated to effective clinical 
treatment options. At present, the mortality rate of severe ARDS remains unacceptably high, in 
the range of 30-40% (6, 7). Therefore, innovative therapies are needed.  
 
Cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of ALI/ARDS is attractive as 
a potential new therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent and have the ability to 
secrete multiple paracrine factors such as growth factors that can enhance tissue repair, anti-
inflammatory cytokines and also antimicrobial peptides. All of these paracrine factors can 
potentially treat the major abnormalities that underlie ALI, including impaired alveolar fluid 
clearance, altered lung endothelial and epithelial permeability, dysregulated inflammation and 
ongoing infection.  
 
MSCs, also called marrow stromal stem cells, were first discovered in 1968 by Friedenstein (8) 
who found bone marrow stromal cells that were adherent, clonogenic, and fibroblastic in 
appearance. Adult mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from a variety of human tissues, 
including bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, tendons, synovial membrane, amniotic fluid, 
placenta, umbilical cord blood, and teeth. MSCs are presumed to reside near the sinusoids and 
function as support cells for hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Although MSCs comprise less than 
0.1% of all bone marrow cells, they can be isolated from whole bone marrow aspirates by their 
ability to adhere to plastic and form colonies. Currently, there are no cell surface markers 
specific to MSCs. Consequently, in 2006, the International Society of Cellular Therapy defined 
MSCs by three criteria:  
(1) MSCs must be adherent to plastic under standard tissue culture conditions 
(2) MSCs must express certain cell surface markers such as CD105, CD90, and CD73, but 
must not express other markers including CD45, CD34, CD14, or CD11b; and  
(3) MSCs must have the capacity to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages including 
osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chrondoblasts under in vitro conditions (9).  
Date: February 17, 2015 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
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University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Use of these cells for therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases has attracted considerable 
attention due to their low immunogenicity, their immunomodulatory effects, and their ability to 
secrete endothelial and epithelial growth factors.  
1.3 Background Relevant to Mechanism of Action of Mesenchymal Stem 
Cells in ALI/ARDS 
Several mechanisms of action have been established in the literature for the therapeutic effect of 
MSCs in lung injury models.  
1.3.1 Engraftment and Trans-differentiation 
Much of the initial interest in MSCs therapy stemmed from the multi-potent properties of the 
cells. Krause et al (10) found that a single bone marrow-derived cell could give rise to cells of 
multiple different organs including the lung. They reported up to 20% engraftment of bone 
marrow-derived cells in the lung, including epithelial cells, from a single hematopoietic 
precursor. Kotton et al (11) reported that plate-adherent cultured bone marrow cells, when given 
intravenously in wild-type mice following bleomycin-induced lung injury, engrafted into the 
recipient lung parenchyma with a morphological and molecular phenotype of alveolar type I 
pneumocytes. This report gave rise to intensive investigation into the possibility that MSCs may 
be able to regenerate the lung epithelium and/or endothelium (10-14). However, these results 
were questioned by multiple groups, who observed only engraftment of leukocyte lineages (15), 
or low engraftment rates in lung injury models with observed rates of < 1% (16-19). Despite 
initial interest in their multi-potent properties, engraftment in the lung does not appear to play a 
major beneficial role. The beneficial effect of MSCs appears to derive more from their capacity 
to secrete paracrine soluble factors that modulate immune responses as well as alter the 
responses of endothelium or epithelium to injury through the release of growth factors (20-27). 
There may also be important cell-contact dependent effects that may include the transfer of 
microvesicles and mitochondria to injured recipient host cells resulting in restoration of more 
normal function (28). 
1.3.2 Immunomodulatory & Anti-inflammatory Effects 
A major characteristic of MSCs has been the immunomodulatory properties of the cells. Multiple 
studies have demonstrated that MSCs possess potent immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting 
the activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells (22, 23, 29, 30). This immunosuppression 
has been shown to be mediated by cell contact-dependent and -independent mechanisms through 
the release of soluble factors. The list of candidate mediators released or induced by MSCs 
includes TGF-β, PGE2, IDO, TSG, IL-10 and IL-1ra among others. In a model of sepsis 
following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice, Nemeth et al. (20) found that MSCs, 
activated by LPS or TNF-α, secreted prostaglandin E2, which reprogrammed alveolar 
macrophages to secrete IL-10. The beneficial effect of MSCs on mortality and improved organ 
function following sepsis (CLP) was eliminated by macrophage depletion or pretreatment with 
antibodies to IL-10 or the IL-10 receptor, suggesting a beneficial role for IL-10 in these 
experiments; IL-10 is a cytokine secreted predominantly by monocytes that down-regulates the 
expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on 
macrophages. IL-10 has also been reported to inhibit the rolling, adhesion and transepithelial 
migration of neutrophils (31). In co-culture experiments, cell contact between MSCs and 
Date: February 17, 2015 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
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University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
macrophages was required to stimulate IL-10 production following LPS stimulation; MSCs 
separated by a Transwell plate or MSCs conditioned medium could not induce IL-10 production 
(20). In a model of ALI following intratracheal E. coli endotoxin in mice, we (32) found that 
intra-pulmonary MSCs improved survival and lung injury in association with a decrease in MIP-
2 and TNF-α levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and elevated levels of IL-10 in 
both the plasma and BAL fluids. In bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice, Ortiz et 
al (33) found that MSCs decreased subsequent lung collagen accumulation, fibrosis and levels of 
matrix metalloproteinases in part by IL-1ra secretion; IL-1ra is a cytokine that competitively 
competes with IL-1β for IL-1 receptor binding. IL-1β is one of the major inflammatory 
cytokines in pulmonary edema fluid in patients with ALI/ARDS (34). These results confirmed 
the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs in multiple lung injury experiments in mice (16, 17, 35-
37). 
 
Despite the well documented immunosuppressive effects of MSCs, recent literature described a 
dual role for MSCs as an immunostimulatory cell as well (38). As explained above, some studies 
have reported that MSCs can upregulate expression of MHC II when exposed to low levels of 
inflammation and function as antigen presenting cells stimulating the adaptive immune system 
(39, 40). Recent evidence has also shown that MSCs can secrete IL-6 and induce production of 
IgG by B lymphocytes in an in vitro setting (41). In addition, MSCs can prevent neutrophil 
apoptosis and degranulation in culture without inhibiting their phagocytic or chemotactic 
capabilities (42). Thus, these studies have demonstrated that MSCs have more complex effects 
on the immune system than their classical role as immune suppressor cells. Understanding the 
mechanisms responsible for these apparently paradoxical roles that MSCs play in the immune 
response is important in developing cell-based therapy for clinical use.  
1.3.3 Anti-Microbial Effects  
Bacterial pneumonia and sepsis from a non-pulmonary cause are two of the most common 
etiologies of ARDS (1). Given the preponderance of literature that describes the 
immunosuppressive effect of MSCs, there might be concern that this effect may impede the 
host’s ability to clear an infection. However, new work describes a dual role for MSCs in 
regulating the immune system and their immunostimulatory effects. Further, a recent report has 
demonstrated a protective effect of systemically administered MSCs in a mouse model of 
bacterial sepsis (20) as well as data from our own group at UCSF that MSCs are associated with 
a reduction in the number of live bacteria in E. coli pneumonia in mice. The anti-microbial effect 
with mouse MSCs depended in part on the release of lipocalin-2, a well known anti-microbial 
peptide, from both the MSCs themselves and alveolar macrophages (43). Also, we have found 
that the release of LL-37 by human MSCs reduces the number of bacteria in E. coli pneumonia 
in mice (44). In recent work with gram negative peritoneal sepsis in mice, our group has also 
found that intravenous hMSCs improve survival and reduce the number of bacteria in the blood 
when given after the peritoneal sepsis was established (45). Another study reported better 
survival following treatment with MSCs in a cecal-ligation model of peritonitis in mice (46). 
Thus, based on preclinical evidence, treatment with MSCs has been associated with a reduction 
in the number of bacteria in mouse models of peritoneal sepsis and pneumonia.  
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1.3.4 Secretion of Paracrine Soluble Factors that Enhance Alveolar Fluid Clearance and 
the Resolution of Alveolar Edema 
Impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC, i.e., delayed resolution of pulmonary edema) is 
common in patients with ALI/ARDS. The level of AFC impairment has significant 
prognostic value in determining morbidity and mortality (47, 48). Several experimental 
studies have investigated the mechanisms that reduce AFC in ALI, and several pathways 
have been implicated (49, 50). In the alveolar environment, basal AFC is determined 
predominately by amiloride-sensitive and insensitive sodium channels and the activity of the 
Na-K ATPase (49, 51-54). Several stimuli can upregulate AFC including beta-adrenergic 
agonists via cAMP-dependent mechanisms (49, 50). In the mouse and human lung, cAMP-
dependent alveolar epithelial fluid transport is dependent on CFTR activity, especially in 
mediating β-adrenergic receptor-driven alveolar epithelial fluid transport (55-57). 
 
We and other investigators have reported that pulmonary edema fluid contained high levels 
of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and TGF-β1 (58-60). 
Several of these pro-inflammatory cytokines have been studied in experimental fluid 
transport experiments. For example, TNF-α decreased the expression of ENaC (α-, β-, γ-
subunits) mRNAs and protein levels, as well as the amiloride-sensitive current and ouabain-
sensitive Rb+ uptake in rat alveolar epithelial cells (61). Similarly, IL-1β decreased 
dexamethasone-induced αENaC mRNA and protein levels, and the amiloride-sensitive 
fraction of the transepithelial current and sodium transport across rat type II cell monolayers 
(62). More recently, we reported that TGF-β1 decreased the amiloride-sensitive fraction of 
Na+ uptake and fluid transport across monolayers of rat and human type II cells as well as 
αENaC mRNA and protein expression (63). In chronic inflammation associated with nasal 
polyposis, TGF-β1 down-regulated CFTR mRNA and protein expression as well as the 
cAMP-dependent current in human nasal epithelial cells (64).  
 
MSCs are known to produce several epithelial specific growth factors, specifically keratinocyte 
growth factor (KGF), the seventh member of the fibroblast growth factor family. We have been 
particularly interested in KGF because of work from our group, as well as from other 
investigators who have reported that KGF can reduce lung injury in small animal models of 
pulmonary edema and lung injury. Recombinant KGF pretreatment reduced mortality following 
intra-tracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid (65, 66), bleomycin (67, 68), hyperoxia (69, 70) 
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71). In rat lungs, KGF improved alveolar fluid transport in part by 
up-regulating αENaC gene expression (72) and Na-KATPase activity (73).  
 
In the ex vivo perfused human lung, the intra-bronchial instillation of hMSCs one hour following 
endotoxin-induced lung injury restored AFC in part by the secretion of KGF (74). Several 
properties of KGF could explain the therapeutic effect of hMSCs on restoring AFC, including 
alveolar epithelial type II cell hyperplasia and differentiation, surfactant production (75), anti-
apoptotic effects (76) and increased transcription and/or translation of the major sodium and 
chloride transport proteins (72, 73). Because the effect of MSCs in E. coli endotoxin-induced 
lung injury in the ex vivo perfused human lung model occurred over a 3-hour time period, the 
therapeutic benefit of KGF in these experiments is less likely explained by type II cell 
hyperplasia or transcriptional effects. Alternatively, an increase in vectorial fluid transport across 
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the alveolar epithelium can be mediated by an increase in trafficking of sodium transport proteins 
to the cell surface (77, 78).  
 
We have an established collaboration with the NIH sponsored Production Assistance for Cellular 
Therapy (PACT) Group in the University of Minnesota (Principal Investigator: David McKenna, 
MD) for the production of cGMP clinical grade, cryopreserved hMSCs. In additional 
experiments in the ex vivo perfused human lung, we have found that these hMSCs were effective 
in both endotoxin and live E. coli lung injury models in restoring the rate of AFC over 6 hours 
whether given intravenously or intratracheally (Lee, JW et al, Manuscript submitted).  
 
We also have recently completed experiments with hMSCs in sheep with ALI over 24 hours and 
found evidence of safety and efficacy. We have also completed IND-enabling safety studies in 
rats with ALI. 
1.3.5 Secretion of Paracrine Soluble Factors that Improve Lung Endothelial and 
Epithelial Permeability 
MSCs may be potentially beneficial by therapeutic effects on the injured lung endothelium. The 
integrity of the lung microvascular endothelium is essential to prevent the influx of protein-rich 
fluid from the plasma as well as inflammatory cells which may further aggravate the ability of 
the lung epithelium to reduce alveolar edema. Several paracrine soluble factors, such as 
angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and KGF, are potentially important in predicating these effects. Ang-1, a 
ligand for the endothelial Tie2 receptor, is a known endothelial survival (79) and vascular 
stabilization factor that reduces endothelial permeability and inhibits leukocyte-endothelium 
interactions by modifying endothelial cell adhesion molecules and cell junctions (80-83). 
Regular MSCs or MSCs (used as a vehicle for gene delivery) transfected with the human Ang-1 
gene, reduced both pulmonary vascular endothelial injury and the recruitment of inflammatory 
cells into the lungs of mice injured by LPS-induced lung injury (35, 37, 84). In a study by Mei et 
al. (35), the transfection of Ang-1 further reduced lung inflammation and nearly completely 
reversed the LPS-induced increase in lung permeability. We recently found that MSCs secrete a 
significant quantity of Ang-1. In addition, using siRNA technology, the secretion of Ang-1 
produced a therapeutic effect on lung epithelial protein permeability in primary cultures of 
human alveolar epithelial type II cells injured by an inflammatory insult (85). 
 
KGF is one of several epithelial-specific growth factors produced by MSCs. In models of acute 
permeability edema such as α-naphthylthiourea (86), P. aeruginosa (71) or ventilator-induced 
lung injury (87), KGF reduced lung edema and bronchoalveolar lavage protein levels. Cultured 
allogeneic hMSCs produced substantial quantities of KGF. The role of KGF is intriguing given 
the previous studies of ALI in animal models. A recent study by Murakami et al. reported that 
fibroblast growth factors (FGF), FGF2, FGF4 and FGF8 are specific for both FGF receptors 
1IIIc and 3IIIc and are responsible for the maintenance of endothelial barrier homeostasis (88). 
Another epithelial-specific growth factor secreted by MSCs is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). 
Previously, HGF was found to stabilize the integrity of pulmonary endothelial cells by inhibition 
of Rho GTPase and the prevention of actin stress fiber formation and paracellular gaps among 
pulmonary endothelial cells injured by thrombin (89, 90). MSCs have also been reported to 
produce an inflammatory factor called TSG-6, which reduces the size of acute myocardial 
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infarction in mouse studies and also reduces the severity of acid-induced lung injury in mice 
(91). 
1.4 
Nonclinical Safety and Efficacy Studies 
In anticipation of a clinical trial, we established a collaboration with NIH sponsored Production 
Assistance for Cellular Therapy (PACT) Group in the University of Minnesota (Principal 
Investigator: David McKenna, MD) for the production of cGMP clinical grade, cryopreserved 
hMSCs. In additional experiments in the ex vivo perfused human lung, these clinical grade 
hMSCs were effective in both endotoxin and live E. coli lung injury models in restoring the rate 
of AFC over 6 h whether given intra-venous or intra-tracheal.  
 
We also completed safety studies in rats with ALI. Rats were injured with a standard non-
infectious model of lung injury (hydrochloric acid instillation) and then randomized to placebo 
and three different doses of intravenous hMSCs from the University of Minnesota. The studies 
were carried out over 6 h. There were no respiratory or hemodynamic adverse effects in the rats 
treated with intravenous hMSCs (doses of 1, 5, and 10 x 106 cells/kg). 
 
We also have completed a study with hMSCs in sheep with ALI over 24 hours (Sheep Study 1). 
The sheep were injured with inhalation of hot cottonwood smoke and instillation of live  
P. aeruginosa bacteria in both lungs. Sheep were treated with intravenous hMSCs (either 5 or 10 
x 106 cells/kg) that had been washed to remove all of the DMSO and reconstituted in Plasma-
Lyte A or they were treated with Plasma-Lyte A in the control sheep. The treatment was given 1 
hour after the injury. There was a significant improvement in oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 mm Hg) 
at 24 hours in the sheep treated with hMSCs compared to the control sheep. Also the post-
mortem extravascular lung water was lower in the sheep treated with the higher dose (10 x 106 
cells/kg) compared to controls. The hMSCs were well tolerated with no infusion related changes 
in pulmonary or systemic hemodynamics or oxygenation in Sheep Study 1.  
 
We completed a second sheep study (Sheep Study 2 in 2012, n=12) in which ALI was again 
induced with inhaled cottonwood smoke and instillation of live P. aeruginosa bacteria in both 
lungs to test the safety of giving two doses of hMSCs (1 hour and 18 hours after the injury). 
Also, in contrast to Sheep Study 1, in this second sheep study, the hMSCs were administered 
with 2.5% DMSO (i.e., cells not washed to remove the DMSO) and the sheep were pre-treated 
with diphenhydramine and low dose hydrocortisone.  
 
In these 2012 sheep, the results of the first six sheep experiments (each one paired with a control) 
indicated that the severity of sepsis was greater in these sheep than in the prior group 1 sheep 
(2011), as reflected by higher levels of lactate, lower systemic blood pressure, and lower urine 
output. Five of these 6 sheep died before 24 hours, 2 sheep even before 18 hours. There was a 
protocol of euthanasia guided by a low level of systemic blood pressure and low oxygenation.  
 
In addition to the above observations regarding mortality, there was no evidence of improvement 
in the oxygenation (P/F ratio) in the first 12 hours after the first dose of MSCs in the first six 
treated sheep. This raised some concern that perhaps administering the MSCs with DMSO 
decreased the efficacy of the MSC therapy. 
 
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Consultation was then obtained with the FDA after the results of the first 6 sheep. It was 
mutually agreed upon that we should carry out the next 6 sheep experiments with a systematic 
approach to determine the tolerability of the MSCs, the possible contribution of DMSO to the 
reduced efficacy, and trying to reduce the bacterial injury so that it resembled the first group 1 
(2011) sheep more closely.  
 
Thus, in the next two sheep (MSC-treated and Plasmalyte control-treated), the dose of bacteria 
was reduced from 2.5 to 1.8 x 1011 Pseudomonas aeruginosa for instillation into the lungs. The 
result was a pattern of acute lung injury and sepsis that more closely resembled the sheep studies 
from 2011. These experiments were still carried out with the same protocol of DMSO treatment 
and two doses of MSCs at one and eighteen hours after onset of acute lung injury. Even with the 
lower dose of bacteria, the MSC-treated sheep died at ≥ 20 h, suggesting again that the second 
dose of MSCs at this time interval after lung injury was not tolerated in terms of systemic 
hypotension. Also, there was no evidence of efficacy after the first dose of MSCs, as we had 
observed consistently in the 2011 group 1 sheep.  
 
Thus, for the last four sheep, we continued to use this more moderate dose of bacteria, but 
returned to the original approach of administration of the MSCs after washing them to remove all 
the DMSO and without any pre-treatment with Benadryl or hydrocortisone. In the final four 
sheep (MSC-treated and control-treated pairs), there was evidence of efficacy of improved 
oxygenation (P/F ratio) as in the prior group 1 experiments from 2011. However, there was still 
evidence that the second dose of MSCs given at eighteen hours was not tolerated, because one of 
the MSC-treated sheep died prior to 24 hours.  
 
We concluded from these studies that (1) DMSO should not be used in our clinical trial and (2) 
that we could not demonstrate preclinical safety for a second dose of hMSCs in this severe model 
of ALI when the hMSCs were given only 18 hours after the lung injury after an initial dose of 
hMSCs at 1 hour following the injury. 
1.5 Description of Investigational Cellular Product and Dose Selection 
The investigational cellular product is Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs). The investigational product is manufactured at University of Minnesota’s 
Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics (MCT) Facility.  
 
The hMSCs are formulated in phosphate buffer saline (50%), DMSO (10%), human serum 
albumin (10%) and Plasma-Lyte A (30%), and cryopreserved and stored in bags suspended in 
liquid nitrogen. 
 
Immediately prior to administration, the product is thawed, washed, and re-suspended in Plasma-
Lyte A, a clinical-grade infusible solution for intravenous administration. The product is not 
further cultured or propagated prior to administration. 
 
The placebo group will be treated with an equivalent volume of Plasma-Lyte A. 
 
Pre-clinical safety data has been generated from the ex vivo perfused human lung as well as small 
animals (mouse and rat) and large animal (sheep) safety studies.  In the sheep safety studies, 
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animals have been treated with intravenous hMSCs at doses of either 5 x 106 cells/kg or  
10 x 106 cells/kg. 
 
The initial proposed Phase 1 clinical study will evaluate single dose treatments of  1 x 106 
cells/kg, 5 x 106 cells/kg and 10 x 106 cells/kg.  The placebo-controlled Phase 2 study will 
evaluate the single-dose treatment of 10 x 106 cells/kg, or the maximum tolerated cell dose from 
the Phase 1 study.  
1.6 Clinical Experience  
There are currently 252 clinical trials listed in clinicaltrials.gov using other preparations of 
human mesenchymal stem cells for therapy for a wide variety of indications, including graft 
versus host disease, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, diabetes, transplant 
allograft rejection, lower extremity ischemia and, more recently, lung disease. Among the most 
significant trials to date that are relevant for this application are:  
Studies Focused on Lung Disease 
1) A Phase 2 trial evaluating Prochymal for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic 
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, Osiris Therapeutics) involving 62 patients in a 
randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial (NCT00683722). The six-month 
interim data analyses demonstrated that Prochymal significantly decreased the level of C-
reactive protein in patients compared to placebo but did not improve pulmonary function. 
The primary endpoint was safety, and secondary endpoints include changes in pulmonary 
function tests, exercise capability and quality of life. Subjects received 100 x 106 
cells/infusion and received 4 weekly infusions (D. Weiss, personal communication). No 
safety concerns were identified between the placebo and treated groups. 
 
2) Two Phase 1 trials involving the use of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem 
cells for the treatment of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates up to 6 months 
or 14 days respectively, one randomized and the other open-labeled, single-center 
(NCT01207869 and NCT01297205). Both trials will involve the intra-tracheal 
administration of hMSCs (3 x 106/kg for NCT01207869 and 10 or 20 x 106/kg for 
NCT01297205). The primary outcomes measured will include the number and severity of 
adverse reactions and/or the relationship between the cytokine concentrations in the BAL 
fluid and pulmonary artery pressure.  
 
3) A Phase 1 trial evaluating the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with 
human placental derived mesenchymal stem cells (NCT01385644). This is an open-label, 
single center, non-randomized dose-escalation evaluation of the safety and feasibility of 
mesenchymal stem cell treatment for subjects diagnosed with IPF. A total of up to eight 
subjects will be enrolled in the study. The first 4 patients will receive a dose of 1 x 106 
placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg. The Data Safety Management Board 
(DSMB) will carry out an interim safety analysis when these first 4 patients have all 
undergone their 3-month study visit. Should no serious adverse events be documented 
due to the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells, a subsequent 4 patients will receive IV 
infusions of 2 x 106 placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg.  
 
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4) A Phase 1 trial to test the safety and feasibility of intravenous administration of 
autologous human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells after one-sided lung 
volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and prior to a second LVRS procedure for patients 
with severe pulmonary emphysema (NCT01306513). The study design is an open label, 
non-randomized, non-blinded, prospective clinical trial. Subjects will undergo two 
operations, initially on one lung without pre-surgical infusion of bone marrow derived 
hMSCs, followed by a second surgical procedure on the contralateral lung, which is 
preceded by two intravenous infusions of hMSCs one week apart, 4 and 3 weeks prior to 
the second lung surgery. The dose is not specified in the published protocol. The primary 
endpoint is the safety and feasibility of the intravenous infusion of the two doses of 
hMSCs with 1 wk interval after the first LVRS and prior to a second LVRS. Toxicity 
criteria will be evaluated by grade according to WHO. 
 
Studies Using hMSCs for Therapy for Graft versus Host Disease, Crohn’s, Acute 
Myocardial Infarction, Acute Kidney Injury and Diabetes 
5) Two Phase 3 trials using Prochymal (Adult allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, Osiris 
Therapeutics) in severe refractory graft vs. host disease (GvHD): one that was not steroid 
responsive and another that received hMSCs as part of first line therapy (NCT00366145 
and NCT00562497). Both trials were placebo controlled and did not meet their endpoints. 
However, in the steroid refractory trial, there was a statistically significant improvement 
over placebo in patients with gastrointestinal and liver GvHD. The dosing regimen for the 
hMSCs was 2 x 106 cells/kg intravenously twice a week for 4 weeks. These trials were 
inspired by positive Phase 2 results (92), which showed an overall response rate of 94% 
and complete remission rate of 77% among 32 patients who received hMSCs for acute 
GvHD. 
 
6) A Phase 3 trial using Prochymal (Osiris Therapeutics) for the induction of remission in 
subjects 
experiencing 
treatment-refractory 
moderate-to-severe 
Crohn's 
disease 
(NCT00482092). The primary outcome measured will be disease remission (Crohn’s 
Disease Activity Index at or below 150) within a 28-day timeframe. A low dose (600 x 
106 cells total over four intravenous infusions in two weeks) and a high dose (1200 x 106 
cells delivered intravenously in four infusions over two weeks) will be tested. 
 
7) A Phase 2 trial using Prochymal (Osiris Therapeutics) in patients following an acute 
myocardial infarction (NCT00877903). The study is currently enrolling patients (220 
patients, randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled). The primary endpoint is left 
ventricular systolic volume; secondary endpoints are measurements of left ventricular 
ejection fraction, infarct size and major adverse cardiovascular events. Subjects receive a 
single intravenous infusion within 7 days following an acute myocardial infarction. Note 
that this group completed a double blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging (0.5, 1.6, and 
5 million cells/kg) study of 53 patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved by 
echocardiography, as did the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in patients treated with 
hMSCs vs. placebo. There were similar rates of adverse events (5.3/patients post hMSCs 
vs. 7/patient in placebo, n = 53 total) (93). 
 
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8) A Phase 1/2 trial studying the efficacy of intramyocardial injections of autologous human 
mesenchymal stem cells in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (Prometheus, NHLBI 
Sponsored, NCT00587990). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study 
is currently enrolling patients (planned enrollment 45 patients). Primary outcomes are 
incidence of serious adverse events at 6 months including the incidence of sustained 
ventricular arrhythmias, ectopic tissue formation or sudden unexpected death. Dosage 
used will be 10 to 20 intramyocardial injections of 2 to 20 million hMSCs for a total of  
2 x 107 to 2 x 108 cells total. 
 
9) A randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of AC607 (hMSCs) 
for the treatment of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery subjects (AlloCure Inc, 
NCT01602328). Dosage is a single injection of 2 x 106 hMSCs/kg. The primary endpoint 
is time to kidney recovery, defined as a post-operative serum creatinine return to pre-
operative baseline values within 30 days of dosing.  
 
10) There are >10 clinical trials underway for the treatment of Diabetes type 1 and 2 with 
mesenchymal stem cells. One relevant  trial is a Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, 
double-blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prochymal 
(Osiris Therapeutics) for the treatment of recently diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 
(NCT00690066). The dosage is not specified. The primary endpoint will be the 
measurement of C-peptide AUC response (mixed meal tolerance test). Secondary 
outcomes will be the measurements of peak C-peptide response, basal C-peptide response, 
total daily insulin dose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), number of severe and 
documented hypoglycemic events and changes in levels of GAD or IA-2 autoantibodies. 
 
Currently, there are no clinical trials underway studying the safety or efficacy of hMSCs in 
ALI/ARDS. The safety record for hMSCs prepared by conventional methods has been favorable 
in clinical trials to date, according to published literature and information available on clinical 
trials.gov. Serious infusion-related or delayed toxicities have not been associated with either 
autologous or allogeneic hMSCs in adult and pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic 
transplantation, the patient population most studied to date (94). Osiris Therapeutics has 
sponsored clinical trials of Prochymal (allogeneic unrelated donor hMSCs) that have included 
over 2000 patients to date. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation safety study of 
Prochymal in patients with acute myocardial infarction, adverse events were comparable for the 
hMSC- and placebo-treated groups, and no adverse events were attributable to hMSCs 
administration (93). Up to 5 x 106 cells/kg were administered in this study. 
1.7 Potential Benefits and Risks to Human Participants 
1.7.1 Potential Benefits 
The benefits from hMSCs in the treatment of ARDS remain unknown. The benefit of 
participation in this study is the knowledge gained for the benefit of future patients. The 
mortality rate of moderate-to-severe ARDS (the target population for this trial) is approximately 
30-40%. Administration of hMSCs may have a benefit on mortality in this patient population. 
Study subjects may have a direct benefit from administration of hMSCs. Furthermore, if hMSCs 
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have benefit in patients with ARDS, this will have a major benefit to society given the high 
mortality rate associated with this condition. 
1.7.2 Potential Risks 
1.7.2.1 Overview 
The main potential risks of participation in this study are those associated with administration of 
the investigational agent. There are additional minor risks associated with study-related 
procedures as detailed below. 
1.7.2.2 Cardiovascular and Respiratory 
Transient occlusion of the pulmonary microcirculation with intravenously administered hMSCs 
could be associated with a fall in systemic blood pressure, rising vasopressor dose, a rise in heart 
rate, an increase in arterial carbon dioxide concentration, or a fall in oxygenation. As detailed 
below, patients will be monitored continuously during the infusion for these signs/symptoms and 
the infusion will be terminated if certain clinical criteria or met or there is concern for worsening 
hemodynamics or oxygenation on the part of the study investigators. 
1.7.2.3 Risks of Transfusion Reaction 
Known potential side effects of blood product transfusion include transient fever or chills. As per 
established regulatory requirements, bone marrow donors are prescreened for infection, reducing 
the risk of infection with HIV or hepatitis B or C from the hMSCs cell product. Patients may 
experience more severe or life-threatening transfusion reactions, but these are exceedingly rare. 
Patients will be monitored during the infusion for signs of a transfusion reaction (urticaria or 
rash, bronchospasm) and medications will be readily available to treat a life-threatening 
transfusion reaction, should such a reaction occur.  
1.7.2.4 Risks of blood draws 
All patients will have blood drawn for research purposes. Most blood will be drawn through in-
dwelling catheters. Risks of drawing blood percutaneously are minor and include bleeding, 
bruising and infection. 
1.7.2.5 Reproductive risks 
There may be an unexpected risk to an unborn or nursing child. Pregnant and breastfeeding 
women will be excluded from participation in the study.  
1.7.2.6 Mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (Mini-BAL) 
In the Phase 2 clinical trial, we will obtain mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) on day 2 
after the infusion of hMSCs. The known potential risk of mini-BAL includes transient 
deterioration of oxygenation or respiratory compliance, requiring an increase in ventilator 
settings. The exclusion of study subjects who require high levels of ventilatory support from this 
procedure will minimize the risk of this complication. We will also exclude patients at risk for 
complications of the mini-BAL procedure including patients with significant bleeding disorders 
or elevated intracranial pressure using clear, predetermined criteria that are used in clinical 
practice. We will not perform a mini-BAL in the Phase 1 dose escalation trial or prior to hMSCs 
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or placebo infusion in the Phase 2 trial since the focus of our Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies is 
safety, and since one of our pre-specified infusion associated adverse events is deterioration of 
oxygenation, which is also a known risk of the mini-BAL procedure. However, the mini-BAL at 
day 2 will allow us to test the efficacy of hMSCs within the airspaces, which is a primary 
proposed biological site of action. 
1.8 Study Rationale  
Pre-clinical data from the ex vivo perfused human lung as well as small animal (mouse and rat) 
and large animal (sheep) studies has been generated demonstrating the potential efficacy and 
safety of hMSCs administration for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. Based on these studies, we 
propose a Phase 1 dose escalation trial followed by a Phase 2 randomized, double blind, placebo 
controlled clinical trial of hMSCs for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ARDS, a condition 
that remains associated with mortality rates in the range of 30-40%. 
 
2 Study Objectives 
2.1 Primary Objective 
The primary objective of this study is to assess the safety of intravenous infusion of hMSCs in 
patients with ARDS.  
2.2 Secondary Objective 
The secondary objectives of this study are to assess the potential efficacy of intravenous infusion 
of hMSCs in patients with ARDS and to acquire mechanistic data regarding the activity of 
hMSCs in patients with ARDS.  
 
 
 
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3 Study Design 
This clinical study design starts with an open label dose escalation Phase 1 study that rolls into a 
randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled Phase 2 study. 
3.1 Phase 1 Study Design 
Phase 1 is an open label dose escalation pilot study in which cohorts of subjects with ARDS will 
receive increasing doses of a single infusion of hMSCs. There are 3 cohorts with 3 
subjects/cohort who will receive doses of 1 x 106 cells/kg, 5 x 106 cells/kg, and 10 x 106 cells/kg.  
The first subject in each cohort will receive an infusion and will be observed for 7 days prior to 
enrollment of the remaining subjects in that cohort. The scientific review committee (SRC) 
made-up of two investigators and the study medical monitor, will review a 7 day report of 
clinical data and adverse events from the first subject in the cohort by teleconference.  
• If there are any concerns on the part of the SRC or if the first subject has met the stopping 
rule criteria (pre-specified infusion associated event or serious adverse event including 
death within 7 days), enrollment will be suspended pending review by the independent 
Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB).  
• If stopping rule criteria are not met, and there are no concerns by the SRC, the next two 
subjects in that cohort may be treated.  
The second and third subjects in the cohort may be enrolled concurrently; however if the second 
subject experiences a pre-specified clinically important event or unexpected serious adverse 
event including death prior to enrollment/dosing of the third study subject, enrollment/dosing 
will be suspended pending review by the DSMB. 
 
After completion of enrollment of each study cohort and 7 days of follow-up for all 3 individuals 
in the cohort, an aggregate 7 day report of clinical data and all adverse events will be reviewed 
by the SRC and DSMB by teleconference for each cohort prior to proceeding to the next dosing 
cohort.  
 
After completion of the Phase 1 study (28 days of follow-up for all nine study subjects), the SRC 
will review the data and propose a cell product dose for the Phase 2 study. This recommendation 
will be submitted to the DSMB for approval prior to initiating the Phase 2 study. For planning 
purposes, Phase 2 has been designed using the higher dose of 10 x 106 cells/kg, assuming it will 
be the maximal tolerated dose. 
 
Importantly, there is the possibility that patients may be enrolled in the study but not receive 
hMSCs due to clinical instability prior to the cell infusion (see Section 7.4); since this is a safety 
study, three subjects must be treated with hMSCs at each dose prior to any consideration of dose 
escalation by the SRC and DSMB. Therefore, additional subjects may be enrolled to complete 
the three subjects per dose. 
3.2 Phase 2 Study Design 
Phase 2 is a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study using the 10 x 106 cell/kg dose 
of hMSCs or the maximal tolerable dose as determined by the DSMB. Subjects will be 
randomized in a 2:1 randomization scheme to receive hMSCs or Plasma-Lyte A placebo; the 
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study will enroll 60 patients who achieve a stable clinical baseline and receive study product 
(either hMSCs or the Plasma-Lyte A placebo) as described in Section 7.4.  
 
The DSMB will review 28 day post infusion safety data after 20 and 40 subjects have been 
enrolled and received study product; enrollment will continue during DSMB review. During 
Phase 2, all pre-specified clinically important events and unexpected serious adverse events 
including death will be reported to the DSMB on an ongoing basis; the study will be stopped for 
a safety evaluation by the DSMB if they have any concerns or if three subjects have pre-
specified clinically important events or unexpected serious adverse events EXCEPT death since 
death will be common in this critically ill population due the nature of the underlying illness 
(e.g., ARDS).  
 
4 Endpoints  
Analysis of the primary and secondary endpoints will be conducted on an as-treated basis since, 
as described in detail in Section 7.4, there is the potential for subjects to be consented for study 
participation but to not receive treatment because of clinical instability due to the severity of 
their underlying medical conditions. 
4.1 Primary Study Endpoint: Phase 1 and Phase 2 
The primary study endpoint for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 will focus on the safety and tolerability 
of the hMSCs product. This analysis will be largely descriptive in nature for Phase 1, but will 
also examine the incidence of pre-specified infusion associated events and (2) unexpected severe 
adverse events in ARDS patients treated with hMSCs.  
 
Because the infusion of hMSCs could theoretically, as described above, cause transient occlusion 
of the pulmonary microcirculation which could be associated with a fall in systemic blood 
pressure, rising vasopressor dose, a rise in heart rate, an increase in arterial carbon dioxide 
concentration, or a fall in oxygenation, patients will be monitored closely during the study 
infusion for changes in these parameters. These events will be considered pre-specified infusion 
associated events if they occur within 6 hours of the hMSCs infusion. 
 
Pre-specified infusion associated events will be defined as: 
 
Within 6 hours of the hMSCs infusion: 
 
1. An increase in vasopressor dose greater than or equal to the following: 
o Norepinephrine: 10 mcg/min 
o Phenylephine: 100 mcg/min 
o Dopamine: 10 mcg/kg/min 
o Epinephrine: 0.1 mcg/kg/min 
o Addition of a third vasopressor 
2. New ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or asystole 
3. New cardiac arrhythmia requiring cardioversion 
4. Hypoxemia requiring an increase in FiO2 of 0.2 or more and an increase in PEEP 
of 5 or more to maintain Sp02 in the target range of 88-95%  
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5. Clinical scenario consistent with transfusion incompatibility or transfusion-related 
infection (e.g. urticaria, new bronchospasm) 
 
Within 24 hours of the hMSCs infusion: 
1. Any cardiac arrest or death 
 
We will also systemically collect and review the incidence and nature of serious adverse events 
that are different from what is expected in the clinical course of a critically ill patient with ARDS 
for the duration of the clinical trial.   
 
Expected events for ARDS are untoward clinical occurrences that are perceived by the 
investigator to occur with reasonable frequency in the day to day care of patients with ARDS 
treated in an intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation. Examples of adverse events that are 
expected in the course of ARDS include transient hypoxemia, agitation, delirium, nosocomial 
infections, skin breakdown, and gastrointestinal bleeding.  Such events, which are often the focus 
of prevention efforts as part of usual ICU care, will not be considered reportable adverse events 
unless the event is considered by the investigator to be associated with the study drug or 
procedures, or unexpectedly severe or frequent for an individual patient with ARDS.  Examples 
of unexpectedly frequent adverse events would be repeated episodes of unexplained hypoxemia.  
This would be in contrast to an isolated episode of transient hypoxemia (e.g. Sp02 ~85%), related 
to positioning or suctioning.  This latter event would not be considered unexpected by nature, 
severity or frequency.   
 
For the Phase 2 study, the primary endpoint will be the incidence of pre-specified infusion 
associated events occurring within 6 hours of hMSCs administration and any cardiac arrest or 
death occurring within 24 hours of hMSCs administration and unexpected severe adverse events 
in ARDS patients treated with hMSCs compared to patients treated with placebo.  
 
4.2 Secondary Endpoints: Phase 2 
We will test three categories of efficacy endpoints in the Phase 2 trial: respiratory, systemic and 
biologic.  
 
1. Respiratory: Respiratory efficacy endpoints will include: 
• The ALI score [Lung Injury Score (LIS)] (Appendix B) at day 3, since improvement in 
the LIS has been shown to be associated with other clinical outcomes (5, 95, 96), 
including an increased number of ventilator free days and improved survival. The LIS is 
a composite scoring system including the PaO2/FiO2, the level of positive end-expiratory 
pressure, the extent of infiltrates on the chest radiograph, and static respiratory 
compliance.  
• The other respiratory efficacy endpoints will be the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and oxygenation 
index (OI) at day 3, which incorporates mean airway pressure and the PaO2/FiO2. OI is 
independently predictive of mortality in patients with ALI (97, 98).  
 
2. Systemic: Efficacy endpoints will include: 
• Mean SOFA score (99) at day 3 as well as 
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• Ventilator-free, ICU-free, vasopressor-free, and organ failure free days and  
• 60 day all-cause mortality, although this initial clinical trial of 60 patients will be 
underpowered for these endpoints.  
 
Ventilator Free Days (VFDs) to day 28 are defined as the number of days from the time of 
initiating unassisted breathing to day 28 after randomization, assuming survival for at least 
two consecutive calendar days after initiating unassisted breathing and continued unassisted 
breathing to day 28. If a patient returns to assisted breathing and subsequently achieves 
unassisted breathing to day 28, VFDs will be counted from the end of the last period of 
assisted breathing to day 28. A period of assisted breathing lasting less than 24 hours and for 
the purpose of a surgical procedure will not count against the calculation of VFDs. If a 
patient was receiving assisted breathing at day 27 or dies prior to day 28, VFDs will be zero. 
Patients transferred to another hospital or other health care facility will be followed to day 28 
to assess this endpoint. 
 
To assess organ failure, we will measure serum creatinine (renal function), bilirubin (hepatic 
function), and platelet count (hematology) at day 0, 3, 7 and 14.  
 
We will also calculate Organ failure days defined according to the most abnormal vital sign 
or clinically available lab value for each calendar day (with LOCF for missing values), 
according to the Brussels Organ Failure methodology using the clinically significant organ 
failure thresholds for cardiovascular, renal, coagulation and hepatic failure (100). Patients 
will be followed for development or resolution of organ failures to death, hospital discharge 
or study day 14, whichever comes first. Each day a patient is alive and free of an organ 
failure will be scored as an organ failure-free day. Any day that a patient is alive and free of 
all 4 organ failures will represent days alive and free of all organ failure. 
 
3. Biologic: Biological endpoints will include: 
• A plasma biomarker of lung epithelial injury (RAGE), measured at baseline at day 3 
• Plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 
and interleukin-1Ra), measured at baseline and day 3 
• Plasma biomarkers of endothelial injury (vWF, Ang-2), measured at baseline and day 3 
• Plasma markers of change in other organ function (creatinine), measured at baseline, day 
3 and day 7 
• Plasma biomarkers that may reflect the paracrine activity of the administered hMSCs 
(Ang-1 and KGF), measured at baseline and day 3 
• A marker of lung epithelial permeability (total protein concentration in a mini-BAL 
obtained 48 hours after product infusion) as well as the total and differential cell count in 
the mini-BAL specimen in the Phase 2 study. 
5 Study Population and Enrollment 
5.1 Number/Source/Screening 
The Phase 1 trial will enroll 9 patients over 6-9 months and the Phase 2 trial will enroll 60 
patients over a 1-2 year interval. Patients with ARDS will be recruited from ICUs at multiple 
study centers. 
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Study coordinators will screen ICUs daily to identify potential candidates for enrollment. 
Permission to approach patients and/or their families will be requested from the attending 
physicians. All patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be entered into a screening log. If the 
patient is not enrolled, the screening log will include information explaining why enrollment did 
not occur (exclusion criteria, attending physician denial, patient refusal, etc; see Appendix C for 
a listing of the de-identified data to be collected on screened, non-enrolled subjects). 
5.2 Inclusion criteria 
Patients will be eligible for inclusion if they meet all of the below criteria. Criteria 1-3 must all 
be present within a 24-hour time period and at the time of enrollment. 
 
Acute onset (defined below) of: 
1. A need for positive pressure ventilation by an endotracheal or tracheal tube with a PaO2/FiO2 
ratio < 200 with at least 8 cm H2O positive end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP). A patient 
may be included if the PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200 with < 8 cm H2O PEEP if there is a 
contraindication to increased PEEP: evidence of barotrauma (see Appendix K). 
2. Bilateral infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema on frontal chest radiograph, and 
3. No clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension, or if measured, a Pulmonary Arterial 
Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) less than or equal to 18 mm Hg.  
 
• “Acute onset” is defined as follows: the duration of the hypoxemia criterion (#1) and the 
chest radiograph criterion (#2) must be ≤28 days at the time of randomization.  
• Infiltrates considered “consistent with pulmonary edema” include any patchy or diffuse 
opacities not fully explained by mass, atelectasis, or effusion or opacities known to be 
chronic (> 28 days). The findings of vascular redistribution, indistinct vessels, and indistinct 
cardiac borders are not considered “consistent with pulmonary edema”. 
• If a patient meets the first two inclusion criteria but has a PAOP (Pulmonary Arterial 
Occlusion Pressure, also known as the Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure) that is initially 
greater than 18 mm Hg, then the inclusion criteria must persist for more than 12 hours after 
the PAOP has declined to ≤ 18 mm Hg, and the patient must still be within the 96-hour 
enrollment window. 
 
5.3 Exclusion Criteria 
1. Age younger than 18 years. 
2. Greater than 96 hours since first meeting ARDS criteria per the Berlin definition of ARDS 
3. Pregnant or breast-feeding  
4. Prisoner 
5. Presence of any active malignancy (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) that required 
treatment within the last 2 years 
6. Any other irreversible disease or condition for which 6-month mortality is estimated to be 
greater than 50%  
7. Moderate to severe liver failure (Childs-Pugh Score > 12)  
 
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Measure 
1 point 
2 points 
3 points 
Units 
Bilirubin (total) <34 
(<2) 
34-50 (2-3) 
>50 (>3) 
μmol/l 
(mg/dl) 
Serum Albumin >35 
28-35 
<28 
g/l 
INR  
<1.7 
1.71-2.20 
> 2.20 
no unit 
Ascites 
None 
Suppressed with 
medication 
Refractory no unit 
Hepatic 
Encephalopathy  None 
Grade I-II (or 
suppressed with 
medication) 
Grade III-
IV (or 
refractory) 
no unit 
 
 
8. Severe chronic respiratory disease with a PaCO2 > 50 mm Hg or the use of home oxygen 
9. Patient, surrogate, or physician not committed to full support (Exception: a patient will not be 
excluded if he/she would receive all supportive care except for attempts at resuscitation from 
cardiac arrest). 
10. Major trauma in the prior 5 days 
11. Lung transplant patient 
12. No consent/inability to obtain consent 
13. Moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours  
14. WHO Class III or IV pulmonary hypertension 
15. Documented deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within past 3 months 
16. No arterial line/no intent to place an arterial line 
17. No intent/unwillingness to follow lung protective ventilation strategy or fluid management 
protocol 
18. Currently receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS) or high-frequency oscillatory 
ventilation (HFOV) 
 
Rationale for Exclusions 
Criteria 1: Patients less than 18 years old are excluded because of limited clinical trial data with 
hMSCs in subjects younger than 18 years. 
Criteria 2: Greater than 96 hours would diminish the likelihood of efficacy 
Criteria 3 and 4: Standard exclusion of vulnerable patient populations 
Criteria 5 and 6: Those with active malignancies within the past 2 years or other irreversible 
disease or condition for which 6-month mortality is estimated to be greater than 50% will be 
excluded because these individuals are at an increased risk of death 
Criteria 7, 8, 9 and 13: Intended to exclude patients unlikely to survive to the day 28 primary 
study endpoint or whose underlying condition or ventilation management complicates 
assessment of the secondary endpoint of VFDs. 
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Criteria 10 and 11: The pathogenesis of trauma-associated ARDS and ARDS post-lung 
transplant may be different than that of other forms of ARDS, and the intent is to focus on a 
group of severely ill patients with similar pathogenetic mechanisms to reduce heterogeneity 
Criteria 14 and 15: Intended to exclude patients at increased risk if pulmonary arterial pressures 
increase after administration of MSCs. 
Criteria 16: Given Phase 1/2 nature of study, continuous blood pressure monitoring is a 
mandatory component of the protocol. 
Criteria 17 and 18: Intended to exclude patients in which the ECLS circuit or the use of 
alternative ventilation or fluid management strategies would complicate assessment of primary 
and secondary endpoints. Those on ECLS are also excluded because the effect of the ECLS 
circuit on MSC half-life is unknown. 
5.4 
Study Initiation Time Window 
In addition to meeting inclusion criteria, patients must be enrolled within 96 hours of first onset 
of ARDS, as per the Berlin Definition of ARDS: 
• Bilateral opacities not full explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules; 
PaO2/FIO2 < 300 mm Hg with PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cm H2O not fully explained by cardiac 
failure or fluid overload; within 1 week of known clinical insult or new/worsening 
respiratory symptoms.   
 
All ARDS criteria must occur within the same 24-hour period. The onset of ARDS is when the 
last criterion is met. Subjects who meet inclusion criteria must be enrolled within 96 hours of 
first meeting criteria for ARDS, and the MSC infusion must be initiated within 120 hours of first 
meeting criteria for ARDS.  
 
Information for determining when these time window criteria were met may come from either 
the recruitment hospital or reports from a referring hospital. Following randomization, the low 
tidal volume protocol for mechanical ventilation and the fluid management strategy must be 
initiated within one and four hours respectively (if not already being utilized). The fluid 
management strategy will be held for the four hours prior and the six hours after the MSC 
infusion.  
5.5 Subject Recruitment and Informed Consent 
Study subjects will be recruited in the ICU by a study investigator. Because these study subjects 
may be unable to consent for themselves, written informed consent will be obtained from a 
surrogate where appropriate. Written informed consent will be obtained by one of the study 
investigators before enrollment in the trial. No study procedures will be conducted before 
obtaining informed consent. If consent is obtained from a surrogate, the study participant will be 
asked to re-consent to study participation when they regain the ability to consent for themselves.  
5.6 Randomization 
For the Phase 2 trial, after informed consent is given, an assignment will be made by computer-
generated randomization to administer either hMSCs therapy or placebo with a 2:1 allocation to 
the hMSCs:placebo arms. Randomization will occur at the start of the 2 hour planned baseline 
stability period and must occur in time to allow the study team to initiate the study infusion 
within 120 hours. The study participant must have an arterial blood gas with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 
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200 with PEEP ≥ 8 cm H20 within 6 hours of randomization. (The PEEP may be < 8 cm H2O if 
there is a contraindication to higher PEEP as described in Appendix K.) 
 
5.7 Early Withdrawal of Subjects 
5.7.1 When and How to Withdraw Subjects 
Since the study treatment is a single infusion of hMSCs, a subject is unlikely to be withdrawn by 
investigators due to safety concerns because there is only a single treatment to be administered. 
However, a surrogate or subject may withdraw consent for study participation either before or 
after hMSCs administration. As described below, if a subject or surrogate withdraws consent for 
study participation after hMSCs administration, we will work with them to allow collection of 
follow-up data to ensure safety. 
5.7.2 Data Collection and Follow-up for Withdrawn Subjects 
If a subject or surrogate withdraws consent for the study, we will discuss with the subject or 
surrogate the importance of complete data follow-up for the purposes of our safety analyses and 
determine if they are at least willing to participate in a follow up telephone call to ascertain 
survival. 
 
6 Study Drug  
6.1 Description 
The investigational cellular product is Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal 
Stem Cells (hMSCs). The investigational product is manufactured at University of Minnesota’s 
Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics (MCT) Facility. 
 
The hMSCs are formulated in DMSO (10%), human serum albumin (5%) and Plasma-Lyte A 
(30%), and cryopreserved and stored in bags suspended in liquid nitrogen. 
 
Immediately prior to administration, the product is thawed, washed, and re-suspended in Plasma-
Lyte A, a clinical-grade infusible solution for intravenous administration. The product is not 
further cultured or propagated prior to administration. 
 
The placebo group will be treated with an equivalent volume of Plasma-Lyte A. 
6.2 Treatment Regimen 
For this trial, a single dose of the hMSCs product or placebo Plasma-Lyte A will be administered 
intravenously over approximately 60-80 minutes.  All patients will receive one dose. 
 
The infusion will be administered using a standard clinical infusion pump using a standardized 
procedure (see Appendix G).  
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6.3 Preparation and Administration of Cellular Product  
Allogeneic, unrelated donor hMSCs will be manufactured by: 
University of Minnesota Medical Center (UMMC) 
Clinical Cell Therapy Laboratory (AABB-accredited, FACT-accredited, CAP #18060-01, 
CLIA #24D0688128)  
Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics (MCT)  
1900 Fitch Avenue 
Saint Paul, MN 55108 
 
Cells will be shipped frozen to the clinical site. 
6.3.1 Cellular Product Preparation 
Just prior to use, the cellular product will be thawed, washed and prepared for intravenous 
administration in the clinical site’s clinical bone marrow transplant (BMT) facility  
(or equivalent) by facility technicians.  See Appendix F for cellular product preparation 
instructions. 
6.3.2 Placebo Product Preparation 
The placebo for the Phase 2 trial will be the same volume of Plasma-Lyte A (100 mL).  See 
Appendix F for cellular product preparation instructions. 
6.4 Subject Compliance Monitoring 
The hMSCs will be administered as a single intravenous dose over 60-80 minutes on the date of 
the study enrollment. Study personnel will be on site for safety and compliance monitoring for 
the baseline stability period, and for 6 full hours starting from the time the hMSC infusion is 
initiated. 
6.5 Prior and Concomitant Therapy 
Rescue therapies for severe ARDS, including prone ventilation, corticosteroids, inhaled 
vasodilators, and neuromuscular blockade will be permitted. We will record whether these 
therapies were administered prior to or concomitantly with hMSCs. Patients on ECLS or HFOV 
will be excluded from this trial. Patients will not be permitted to be enrolled in other 
experimental therapy trials while participating in this study.  
6.6 Blinding of Cellular Product 
As in prior studies of hMSCs (93), the infusion bag will be covered with aluminum foil at the 
time of product preparation in the clinical site’s bone marrow transplant laboratory so that the 
product is not visible to the investigators or to the clinicians who are administering the product. 
Personnel in the bone marrow transplant laboratory who will be preparing the study infusion will 
not be blinded to treatment allocation. 
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6.7 Receiving, Storage, Dispensing and Return 
6.7.1 Receipt of Cellular Product 
The hMSCs will be shipped using temperature monitored shippers to the clinical site’s clinical 
bone marrow transplant laboratory (or equivalent) from UMMC. Upon receipt of the of the study 
cellular product, an inventory must be performed and a receipt log filled out and signed by the 
person accepting the shipment. Any damaged or unusable study product in a given shipment will 
be documented in the study files. The investigator must notify the study sponsor of any damaged 
or unusable study treatments that were supplied to the investigator’s site.  
6.7.2 Storage 
The hMSCs will be stored under controlled conditions in liquid nitrogen tanks in the clinical 
bone marrow transplant laboratory.  
6.7.3 Dispensing of Cellular Product 
The hMSCs will be administered as a single dose following randomization; the clinical bone 
marrow transplant laboratory will be responsible for preparing the cellular product or placebo 
and for dispensing the product to study investigators for administration (Appendix F).  
 
The study log for each patient will include treatment assignment, assigned dose of hMSCs, lot 
and bag number for each frozen bag of cellular product used. 
6.7.4 Return or Destruction of Cellular Product 
At the completion of the study, there will be a final reconciliation of cellular product shipped, 
cellular product consumed, and cellular product remaining. This reconciliation will be logged on 
the cellular product log, signed and dated. Any discrepancies noted will be investigated, 
resolved, and documented prior to return or destruction of unused study cell product. Cellular 
product destroyed on site will be documented in the study files. 
7 Study Procedures 
See Appendix A for the Time-Events Schedule. 
7.1 Pre-Screening 
All patients in the Intensive Care Unit will be screened for potential study eligibility by trained 
study personnel under a waiver of consent for screening purposes approved by the Institutional 
Review Board. When eligible study subjects are identified, the attending physician caring for the 
patient will be approached and asked if we have permission to approach the patient and their 
surrogate for potential study participation. 
7.2 Informed Consent and Randomization  
Informed consent will be obtained from each patient or surrogate before enrollment in the trial. 
No study procedures will be conducted before obtaining informed consent. For the Phase 2 
study, randomization will occur after informed consent as described in Sections 5.5 and 5.6. An 
arterial blood gas must be obtained to confirm a PaO2/FiO2 < 200 on PEEP ≥ 8 cm H20 within 6 
hours of randomization. (The PEEP may be < 8 cm H2O if there is a contraindication to higher 
PEEP as described in Appendix K.) 
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If a pregnancy test is not available before informed consent, a blood or urine pregnancy tests will 
be obtained in women of childbearing age after informed consent but before randomization to 
ensure eligibility. Patients excluded on the basis of tests obtained in this manner will not be 
included in the as-treated population.  
7.3 Baseline Study Procedures  
If not obtained within the past 24 hours as part of clinical care, patients will have a serum 
creatinine, platelet count, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measured before the 
infusion of the study product for safety monitoring. Blood and urine samples for biomarker 
measurements will be obtained before the infusion of study product as well. 
 
If the patient does not have an arterial line, an arterial line will be placed prior to administration 
of the hMSCs. 
7.4 hMSC Administration  
The hMSCs will be administered intravenously according to the following dose schedule. The 
hMSCs will be administered intravenously over approximately 60-80 minutes. 
In the Phase 1 trial, we will enroll 9 patients in a 3-dose escalation phase (1 x 106 cells/kg, 5 x 
106 cells/kg and 10 x 106 cells/kg).  
 
A. In Phase 1, we will use a standard dose escalation model, with a plan for safety 
assessments as detailed in Section 3.1.  
 
B. The initial dose will be 1 x 106 cells/kg given intravenously to 3 patients. After approval 
from the DSMB, we will progress to the next dose. The second dose delivered will be 5.0 
x 106 cells/kg given intravenously to 3 patients. The third dose level will be 10.0 x 106 
cells/kg given intravenously to 3 patients. 
 
In the Phase 2 trial, we will enroll 60 patients in a 2:1 blinded randomized placebo-controlled 
design with the dose of 10 x 106 cells/kg (40 patients treated with hMSCs and 20 controls). 
Safety analyses will be conducted by the independent DSMB, and the sponsor and investigators 
will remain blinded. The safety reviews will be conducted after treatment of 20 and 40 patients, 
and the trial will continue during these analyses.  
Critically ill patients often experience minute-to-minute changes in vital signs. 
Investigators will begin the infusion of hMSCs after a stable baseline for 2 hours has been 
observed.  
 
A. Stable baseline will be defined as: 
 
a. Transcutaneous oxygen saturation in the target range of 88-95% without any 
increase in ventilator settings AND 
b. Stable vasopressor use if the patient requires vasopressors for blood pressure 
support. The dose of vasopressor may be able to be increased a small amount 
during this 2-hour period, predefined as no more than a 5 mcg/min increase in 
norepinephrine dose; no more than a 50 mcg/min increase in phenylephrine dose; 
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no more than a 5 mcg/kg/min increase in dopamine dose; and no more than a 0.05 
mcg/kg/min increase in epinephrine. If the patient is on vasopressin, investigators 
will be instructed not to titrate the vasopressin dose during this 2-hour period.  
 
B. The following patients will be considered clinically unstable and will NOT receive 
hMSCs: 
 
a. Patients requiring  an FiO2 of > 0.8 or a PEEP of > 20 cm H2O, in order to 
maintain transcutaneous oxygen saturation in the target range of 88-95% 
OR 
b. Patients who require 3 vasopressors for blood pressure support and/or the use of > 
0.1 mcg/kg/min epinephrine for blood pressure support 
OR 
c. Patients who do not meet stability criteria in the supine position, as baseline 
stability period and infusion must occur in the supine position 
 
C. Patients who are clinically unstable will be monitored closely; if they achieve a stable 
baseline within 120 hours of meeting the entry criteria for the study and at the time of the 
stable baseline still meet criteria for ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 with bilateral infiltrates and 
no evidence of left atrial hypertension) with a PEEP of ≥ 8 (or lower PEEP if there is 
evidence of barotrauma), they can receive the cell product. Thus, patients may be 
enrolled within 96 hours of first meeting criteria for ARDS and then there is a 24-hour 
window during which hMSC therapy can be administered after the enrollment window if 
the patient achieves a stable baseline.  
D. An arterial blood gas will be required prior to the hMSC infusion, during the last 30 
minutes of the baseline stability period. Patients will not receive the MSC infusion if the 
PaO2/FiO2 ratio is greater than 300 mmHg on this pre-infusion arterial blood gas.  
Arterial blood gases will also be obtained at the end of MSC infusion (~1 hour) and 4 
hours thereafter. 
 
E. During infusion of hMSCs, patients will have continuous monitoring of arterial blood 
pressure, heart rate, rhythm as well as oxygen saturation. Study personnel will be 
available for the duration of the infusion to monitor the patient. Body temperature will be 
monitored at a minimum at the start, midway through, and at the end of the infusion. 
Patients will be monitored closely for other signs of transfusion reaction, e.g., rash, 
urticaria or wheezing. If there are any signs of a transfusion reaction, the infusion of 
hMSCs will be stopped immediately. Similarly, if a patient has a pre-specified infusion 
associated event, the infusion will be stopped. The infusion can also be stopped at the 
discretion of the study investigator if there is any concern about the patient’s status. 
 
7.5 Ventilator Management  
Ventilator management, including weaning, will follow the modified ARDS Network lower tidal 
volume (6 ml/kg PBW) protocol (Appendix E). Using this ventilator management protocol will 
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standardize the application of PEEP, which is a component of one of the respiratory efficacy 
endpointss, the LIS, thus reducing the potential for bias. If not already being used, this low tidal 
volume protocol for mechanical ventilation must be initiated within one hour of informed 
consent for the Phase 1 clinical trial and within one hour of randomization for the Phase 2 
clinical trial.  Because recent evidence-based consensus recommendations have identified a best 
practice for weaning, weaning strategy will also be controlled by protocol rules in accordance 
with these evidence-based recommendations. This will assure similar weaning methods and 
provide potential benefit to both study groups. This newer weaning strategy is a simplified 
version of the weaning strategy protocol used in ARDS Network studies (see Appendix E). 
7.6 Concomitant Therapy 
Patients will be managed with a conservative fluid management protocol. The fluid management 
strategy will be held for the four hours prior and the six hours after the MSC infusion to reduce 
the likelihood that the fluid management strategy impacts hemodynamic stability around the time 
of the MSC infusion. We will record the use of other pharmacologic agents that are sometimes 
used by clinicians in the treatment of ARDS, including glucocorticoids and inhaled vasodilators. 
We will also record if patients are turned into a prone position or receive alternative non-
pharmacologic strategies such as high frequency ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane 
oxygenation. 
7.7 Biospecimens for Biological Endpoint Measurements 
Blood and urine samples will be obtained before the infusion of study product, then 6 hours and 
1, 2, 3, and 7 days (+/- 2 days for last sample only) after the initiation of the study product 
infusion for biomarker measurements, which include measurements of epithelial injury, 
inflammation and of hMSC administration. Plasma obtained from two 10 ml EDTA anti-
coagulated blood samples will be divided immediately after centrifugation into 0.5 mL and 1 mL 
aliquots and frozen at –70°C. Urine obtained from the patients will be collected in a 40 ml sterile 
cup; 30 mL will be frozen immediately, and 8 mL will be centrifuged prior to dividing into 4 
equal aliquots and freezing at –70°C.  Finally, the blood cell pellet from the baseline blood 
specimen will be collected for DNA banking.  
 
A mini-BAL will be performed 2 days (48 hours) after the initiation of the study product infusion 
in patients in the Phase 2 clinical trial (See Appendix A, Time-Events Schedule) for total protein 
measurement, a marker of lung epithelial permeability. 
7.8 Day 3 Measurements 
If not obtained as part of clinical care, patients will have platelets, serum creatinine, total 
bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measured on day 3 (+/- 1 day).  In addition, 
patients will have an arterial blood gas and chest x-ray on day 3 (after administration of the study 
cellular product) since these are secondary endpoints of the Phase 2 trial. In the unusual 
circumstance that a patient does not have an arterial line for ABG monitoring on day 3, the ABG 
will not be obtained for study purposes alone. 
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7.9 Day 7 Measurements 
If not obtained within the past 24 hours as part of clinical care, patients will have platelets, serum 
creatinine, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measured on day 7 (+/- 1 day) 
after administration of the study product for safety monitoring if they are still hospitalized. 
7.10 Day 14 Measurements 
If not obtained within the past 24 hours as part of clinical care, patients will have platelets, serum 
creatinine, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measured on day 14 (+/- 1 day) 
after administration of the study product for safety monitoring if they are still hospitalized. 
7.11 Day 28 Measurements 
Patients will be followed daily for adverse events through day 28, death or hospital discharge, 
whichever occurs first. If a subject is discharged before day 28, investigators will follow-up by 
phone with the study subject on day 28 to ensure that no adverse events have occurred. Decisions 
about hospital discharge will not be made by study personnel; rather such decisions will be made 
by clinicians caring for the study subject and for the underlying condition that led to the 
hospitalization. 
7.12 Post-hospitalization Follow-up  
Vital status as well as the need for dialysis will be collected at 6 and 12 months after study 
enrollment. This data will be collected at 6 months via a structured telephone interview and at 12 
months via an in-person follow up visit with a limited history and physical examination. 
 
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8 Data Collection  
8.1 Medical History  
To be collected from patient charts and patient/surrogate, where applicable. 
1. Demographic and admission data 
2. Pertinent medical history and physical examination 
3. Height; gender, measured body weight; calculated predicted body weight 
4. Time on ventilator prior to enrollment 
5. Type of Admission 
a. Medical 
b. Surgical scheduled 
c. Surgical unscheduled 
d. Trauma 
6. Acute or chronic renal failure and use of dialysis 
7. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) tool (Appendix D, to be 
answered by patient/surrogate) 
8. Survey of smoking history including (if need be, will ask patient/surrogate for 
answers): 
• Ever smoker (> 100 cigarettes in lifetime)? 
• If yes, current smoker? 
• Estimate of pack years (# packs per day) x (# years smoked) 
• If former smoker, when did the subject quit smoking? 
8.2 Baseline Assessments  
The following information will be recorded during the 24-hour interval preceding randomization. 
If more than one value is available for this 24-hour period, the value closest to the time of 
randomization will be recorded. If no values are available from the 24 hours prior to 
randomization, then values will be measured post randomization but prior to initiation of study 
drug. 
8.2.1 To Be Collected From Patient Charts 
1. APACHE III Score  
2. Vital signs: Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, 
mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure (if available). 
3. Ventilator mode (including non-invasive ventilation), tidal volume, FiO2 and 
PEEP, inspiratory plateau pressure, and mean airway pressures. If on a pressure-
cycling mode, peak pressure during inspiration will be assumed to be the plateau 
pressure. 
4. Arterial PaO2, PaCO2, pH and transcutaneous oxygen saturation 
5. Date and time of all creatinine determinations in the 96 hours prior to enrollment. 
6. Frontal chest radiograph – radiographic lung injury score (# of quadrants) 
7. Vasopressors 
or 
inotropes 
(epinephrine, 
norepinephrine, 
phenylephrine, 
vasopressin, dopamine > 5 μg/kg/min, dobutamine, phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 
8. Suspected or known site of infection 
9. Baseline platelet count and kidney / liver function tests: creatinine, total bilirubin, 
alanine aminotransferase. Make laboratory measurements as specified in Study 
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Procedures Section 7.3 if not available from testing obtained as part of clinical 
care.   
8.3 Assessment after Enrollment: Determination of Stable Baseline for 
hMSCs Administration, Monitoring During and After Infusion Protocol 
 
The following parameters will be measured and recorded every 15 minutes for the two hour 
period used to establish the stable baseline prior to the hMSC infusion: 
 
1. Respiratory: FiO2, PEEP, transcutaneous oxygen saturation; arterial blood gas pH, PaO2 
and PaCO2 and additional ventilator parameters will be recorded if clinically available 
2. Cardiovascular: Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vasopressor doses 
 
The same clinical parameters will be recorded every 15 minutes for the duration of the infusion 
and every hour for the next 5 hours.  
 
An arterial blood gas will be obtained in the last 30 minutes of the baseline stability period, at the 
end of the hMSC infusion (~1 hour), and 4 hours after the initiation of MSC infusion; additional 
blood gases will be recorded if obtained as part of clinical care as above. 
8.4 Assessment after Enrollment: Reference Measurements 
 
The following data will provide the basis for assessing protocol compliance and safety as well as 
between-group differences in several efficacy variables. Data for each of the variables will be 
recorded on the days shown in the Time-Events Schedule (Appendix A) or until death, discharge 
from the ICU, or unassisted ventilation for 48 hours. 
8.4.1 Reference Measurements (to be collected from patient charts) 
 
The following parameters will be measured and recorded at the time of Randomization as well as 
on subsequent dates using values closest in time to 8:00 A.M. on the days specified in the Time-
Events Schedule (Appendix A). The following conditions will be ensured prior to measurements: 
no endobronchial suctioning for 10 minutes; no invasive procedures or ventilator changes for 30 
minutes. All vascular pressures will be zero-referenced to the mid-axillary line with the patient 
supine. 
 
1. If receiving assisted ventilation record daily up to day 7: 
a. Tidal volume, FiO2, PEEP, inspiratory plateau pressure, and mean airway 
pressures 
b. Pressure during inspiration if on a pressure targeted mode (PSV, PCV, etc). 
c. Arterial PaO2, PaCO2, pH and transcutaneous oxygen saturation 
2. Fluid intake and output 
3. Vital signs: Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, CVP 
4. Modified Brussels Score data days 0-14 
5. Vasopressor use (Y/N), worst systolic BP, creatinine, bilirubin, and platelet count for the 
day. The date and value of the highest creatinine between days 15-28 
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6. Safety laboratory studies; all creatinine and bilirubin measurements will be recorded as 
above. Creatinine, bilirubin and ALT will be measured and recorded as a safety labs on 
day 7 if not obtained as part of clinical care  
7. Frontal chest radiograph – Lung Injury Score 
8. Suspected or known infection 
8.4.2 Specimen Collection 
1. Date and time of specimen collection 
2. Time of specimen processing and storage 
8.5 Endpoint Determinations 
3. Vital status at 28 days or until discharged home on unassisted breathing. 
4. Brussels Organ dysfunction failures at days 0-14 
5. SOFA scores at 3, 7 and 14 days 
6. Time of initiation of unassisted breathing (assuming a patient achieves 48 consecutive 
hours of unassisted breathing) 
7. Need for re-instituting assisted or mechanical ventilation after achieving 48 consecutive 
hours of unassisted breathing 
8. Need for, timing, and duration of dialysis; change in renal function as measured by 
creatinine 
9. Status 48 hours after initiation of unassisted breathing 
10. ICU length of stay in calendar days including ICU days after readmission to ICU. 
11. Hospital length of stay in calendar days and discharge disposition (home, other facility, 
with or without assisted ventilation) 
8.6 Assessments After Hospitalization 
Vital status as well as the need for dialysis will be collected at 6 and 12 months after study 
enrollment. We will collect this data through telephone interviews with patients at 6 months and 
an in-person follow up visit with a limited history and physical examination at 12 months. 
 
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9 Statistical Plan  
9.1 Sample Size Determination 
The sample size for the Phase 1 study will be 9 patients, 3 cohorts of 3 patients with escalating 
doses of hMSCs. The sample size for this portion of the study was determined based on the 
number of escalating doses of hMSCs that we planned to study and a reasonable number of 
patients in each cohort to detect a safety signal. The sample size for the Phase 2 portion of the 
trial will be 40 patients in the hMSCs arm and 20 patients in the placebo arm, for a total of 60 
patients. This sample size was determined on the basis of feasibility and in order to generate 
enough clinical and biological data to aid in sample size projections for subsequent Phase 2b/3 
clinical trials.  
9.2 Statistical Methods 
The primary focus of both the Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials is safety. Therefore, the primary 
statistical analyses will be largely descriptive. In Phase 1, we will describe the baseline 
characteristics of treated subjects using standard statistical tests, including the Pearson’s chi-
square test for categorical variables, analysis of variance and Student’s t-test for continuous 
variables, and Kruskal-Wallis or other non-parametric tests for non-normally distributed 
variables. We will describe the incidence of serious adverse events, including death, as well as 
the incidence of pre-specified infusion associated events and non-serious adverse events felt to 
be related to the study infusion. Since up to 3 cohorts of subjects will receive escalating doses of 
hMSCs, as detailed in the full Statistical Analysis Plan, we will compare the incidence of adverse 
events by treatment cohort using the Pearson’s chi-square test or the Student’s t-test to compare 
the mean number of adverse events by treatment cohort, depending on the number of AEs 
observed.  
 
For the Phase 2 study, the group treated with hMSCs will be compared to the placebo control 
group using a variety of baseline patient characteristics, including socio-demographic 
characteristics (age, gender, race), smoking history, acute illness severity (APACHE III scores, 
non-pulmonary organ failures), and severity of ALI (oxygenation, respiratory compliance, 
airway pressures, the 4-point lung injury score). Here, we will describe the incidence of serious 
adverse events, including death, as well as the incidence of pre-specified infusion associated 
events and non-serious adverse events felt to be related to the study infusion in the hMSC-treated 
versus placebo arms. Analysis of the primary safety endpoint will be focused on characterizing 
the AE proportion in each treatment arm, whereas the secondary efficacy endpoints will be used 
for the design of larger efficacy studies. We will again compare the incidence of adverse events 
by treatment cohort using the Pearson’s chi-square test or the Student’s t-test. The per-treatment 
arm sample sizes were generated based on an assumption of a 28-day AE proportion of 30%. In 
this setting, the 95% confidence interval (CI) length for a binomial proportion is 24% ranging 
from 19% to 43%.  
 
The Phase 2 part of this trial is not adequately powered for clinical efficacy endpoints such as 
mortality and ventilator free days and has limited power for physiological endpoints since the 
primary focus of the Phase 2 study is safety. If hMSCs are safe, a larger Phase 2b study will be 
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needed to better define the potential treatment effect size of administration of hMSCs on clinical 
efficacy endpoints to inform a Phase 3 clinical trial.  
 
Therefore, the focus of the statistical analysis of secondary endpoints for the Phase 2 trial will be 
to test the effect of hMSCs on respiratory, systemic and biological endpoints that will reflect the 
effect of hMSCs on the severity of lung injury. This analysis will be based on an approach using 
standardized effect sizes (the difference in mean values between treatment and control divided 
by the standard deviation). This approach allows us to evaluate the efficacy of hMSCs in a small 
sample size by comparing the effect size observed in our small Phase 2 trial to effects observed 
in larger trials of therapies known to be efficacious. In the case of ARDS, the comparison trials 
would be those of lower tidal volume ventilation (4) and fluid conservative therapy (5). We will 
use the incidence of adverse events along with an overall assessment of the potential efficacy of 
hMSCs using the pre-specified respiratory, clinical and biological endpoints to make a 
determination as to whether or not a larger Phase 2b study is safe and warranted. 
9.3 Subject Population(s) for Analysis 
The subject population for all study analyses will be the all-treated population, that is, any 
subject randomized into the study who at least starts to receive hMSCs or placebo, regardless of 
whether or not the infusion is completed. This population has been selected instead of an all-
randomized population because study subjects must achieve a clinically stable baseline prior to 
study drug infusion. It is possible that some enrolled subjects may never meet these criteria for 
clinical stability and thus would never be treated. Therefore, the all-treated population analysis 
will most accurately reflect the effects of the study infusion and allow us to analyze sufficient 
subjects who receive the study drug to detect a safety concern, if one exists. 
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10 Safety and Adverse Events  
10.1 Definitions 
Investigators will determine daily if any clinical adverse experiences occur during the period 
from enrollment through study day 28. The investigator will evaluate any changes in laboratory 
values and physical signs and will determine if the change is clinically important and different 
from what is expected in the course of treatment of patients with ARDS. 
 
For this trial, a reportable adverse event is defined as: 
 Any clinically important untoward medical occurrence in a patient receiving study product 
which is different from what is expected in the clinical course of a patient with ARDS, or:  
1. Any clinically important, untoward medical occurrence that is thought to be associated the 
study product, regardless of the “expectedness” of the event for a patient with ALI.  
or: 
2. The following pre-specified infusion associated events that occur within 6 hours from the 
start of study product will always be reported as adverse events: 
• If on a vasopressor, an increase in vasopressor dose greater than or equal to the 
following: 
o Norepinephrine: 10 mcg/min 
o Phenylephine: 100 mcg/min 
o Dopamine: 10 mcg/kg/min 
o Epinephrine: 0.1 mcg/kg/min 
o Addition of a third vasopressor 
• New cardiac arrhythmia requiring cardioversion or ventricular tachycardia, 
ventricular fibrillation or asystole 
• Hypoxemia requiring an increase in FiO2 of 0.2 or more and an increase in PEEP 
of 5 or more to maintain Sp02 in the target range of 88-95%  
• Clinical scenario consistent with transfusion incompatibility or transfusion-related 
infection (e.g., urticaria, new bronchospasm) 
3. Any cardiac arrest or death occurs within 24 hours from the start of study product will be 
reported as a pre-specified infusion-associated significant event. Any cardiac arrest or death 
occurs during the study period will be a reportable event that will be reviewed in detail. 
 
A serious adverse event is any event that is fatal or immediately life threatening, is permanently 
disabling, or severely incapacitating, or requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization. Important 
medical events that may not result in death, be life threatening, or require hospitalization may be 
considered serious adverse events when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may 
jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one 
of the outcomes listed above. 
1. ‘Life-threatening’ means that the patient was, in the view of the investigator, at 
immediate risk of death from the reaction as it occurred. This definition does not include 
a reaction that, had it occurred in a more serious form, might have caused death. 
Assessment of the cause of the event has no bearing on the assessment of the event’s 
severity. 
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2. Adverse events will be considered to be study-related if the event follows a reasonable 
temporal sequence from a study procedure and could readily have been produced by the 
study procedure. 
All adverse events that do not meet any of the criteria for serious should be regarded as non-
serious adverse events.  
 
An unanticipated problem (UP) is any incident, experience, or outcome that meets all of the 
following criteria (101): 
• 
Unexpected, in terms of nature, severity, or frequency, given the research procedures that 
are described in the protocol-related documents, such as the IRB-approved research 
protocol and informed consent document; and the characteristics of the subject 
population being studied;  
• 
Related or possibly related to participation in the research, in this guidance document, 
possibly related means there is a reasonable possibility that the incident, experience, or 
outcome may have been caused by the procedures involved in the research;  
• 
Suggests that the research places subjects or others at a greater risk of harm (including 
physical, psychological, economic, or social harm) than was previously known or 
recognized. 
 
Adverse Event Reporting Period 
Reportable adverse events that occur during the 28 days following study product administration 
must be reported to the Investigator-Sponsor. Patients who are discharged home prior to study 
day 28 will be contacted after day 28 to determine vital status and for the occurrence of adverse 
events.  
 
Prolonged Hospitalization or Surgery 
All study subjects will be hospitalized at the time of study enrollment, by virtue of the disease 
being studied. Any adverse event that results in prolonged hospitalization should be documented 
and reported as a serious adverse event unless specifically instructed otherwise in this protocol.  
10.2 Recording of Adverse Events 
Assuring patient safety is an essential component of this protocol. Each participating investigator 
has primary responsibility for the safety of the individual participants under his or her care. The 
Principal Investigator at each study site will evaluate all clinically important adverse events. The 
Study Coordinator must view patient records for possible clinically important adverse events 
throughout the study period.  
 
Expected events for ARDS are untoward clinical occurrences that are perceived by the 
investigator to occur with reasonable frequency in the day to day care of patients with ARDS 
treated in an ICU with mechanical ventilation. Examples of adverse events that are expected in 
the course of ARDS include transient hypoxemia, agitation, delirium, nosocomial infections, 
skin breakdown, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Such events, which are often the focus of 
prevention efforts as part of usual ICU care, will not be considered reportable adverse events 
unless the event is considered by the investigator to be associated with the study cell product or 
procedures, or unexpectedly severe or frequent for an individual patient with ARDS. Examples 
of unexpectedly frequent adverse events would be repeated episodes of unexplained hypoxemia. 
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This would be in contrast to an isolated episode of transient hypoxemia (e.g., Sp02 ~85%), 
related to positioning or suctioning. This latter event would not be considered unexpected by 
nature, severity or frequency.  
 
Organ failures related to ARDS or the patient’s underlying condition that are systematically 
captured by the protocol should not be reported as adverse events unless they are considered to 
be study related.  
 
All adverse events occurring during the study period must be reported in the patient’s case report 
forms. The clinical course of each event should be followed until resolution, stabilization, or 
until it has been determined that the study treatment or participation is not the cause. Serious 
adverse events that are still ongoing at the end of the study period must be followed up to 
determine the final outcome. Any serious adverse event that occurs after the study period and is 
considered to be possibly related to the study treatment or study participation should be recorded 
and reported immediately to the study sponsor (see Section 10.3). 
10.3 Reporting of Serious Adverse Events and Unanticipated Problems 
10.3.1 Investigators’ Reporting Requirements to the Sponsor 
Investigators will report all serious AND unexpected, AND study-related adverse events to the 
study sponsor (who will run the Clinical Coordinating Center for this study) within 24 hours by 
fax, phone or email.  
 
Investigators must also report Unanticipated Problems, regardless of severity, associated with the 
study drug or study procedures within 24 hours.  
 
The local IRB must also be notified in a timely manner, as per the IRB’s requirement. The 
investigator will then submit a detailed written report to the study sponsor and the local IRB (as 
required) no later than 5 calendar days after the investigator discovers the event.  
 
The minimum necessary information to be provided at the time of the initial written report 
includes: 
• Study identifier 
• Study Center 
• Subject number 
• A description of the event 
• Date of onset 
• Current status 
• Whether study treatment was discontinued 
• The reason why the event is classified as 
serious 
• Investigator assessment of the association 
between the event and study treatment 
 
10.3.2 Sponsor Reporting: Notifying the FDA 
The study sponsor is required to report certain study events in an expedited fashion to the FDA. 
These written notifications of adverse events are referred to as IND safety reports. The following 
describes the safety reporting requirements by timeline for reporting and associated type of 
event: 
• Within 7 calendar days 
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Any study event that is: 
– associated with the use of the study drug and 
– unexpected, and 
– fatal or life-threatening  
 
• Within 15 calendar days 
Any study event that is: 
– associated with the use of the study drug, and 
– unexpected, and 
– serious, but not fatal or life-threatening 
-or- 
– a previous adverse event that was not initially deemed reportable but is later found to 
fit the criteria for reporting (reporting within 15 calendar days from when event was 
deemed reportable). 
Any finding from tests in laboratory animals that:  
– suggest a significant risk for human subjects including reports of mutagenicity, 
teratogenicity, or carcinogenicity. 
 
Additional IND Reporting Requirements: 
Sponsors are also required to identify in IND safety reports all previous reports concerning 
similar adverse events and to analyze the significance of the current event in light of the previous 
reports. 
10.3.3 Sponsor Reporting:  Notifying the DSMB 
The study sponsor will report all serious, unexpected, and study-related adverse events to the 
DSMB, by email, or telephone, within 7 calendar days of the study sponsor being notified of the 
event. A written report will be sent to the DSMB within 15 calendar days, and these reports will 
be sent to investigators for submission to their respective IRBs, as required. The DSMB will also 
review all adverse events during scheduled interim analyses. Sponsor Reporting: Notifying All 
Participating Investigators. 
 
It is the responsibility of the study sponsor to notify all participating investigators, in a written 
IND safety report, of any adverse event associated with the use of the drug that is both serious 
and unexpected. Additionally, sponsors are also required to identify in IND safety reports all 
previous reports concerning similar adverse events and to analyze the significance of the current 
event in light of the previous reports. IND safety reports will be sent to the participating 
investigators immediately after submission to the IND. 
 
The study sponsor will distribute the written summary of the DSMB’s periodic review of adverse 
events to investigators for submission to their respective IRBs in accordance with NIH 
guidelines. 
 
10.4 Unblinding Procedures for Phase 2 
The study will have an external Medical Monitor separate from the Investigator/Sponsor and 
who will not be affiliated with any of the study sites or participate in any study procedures (e.g., 
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screening of subjects, consenting of subjects or surrogates, administration of hMSCs or study 
follow-up). If unblinding the study therapy is necessary to ensure a subject’s safety, this will be 
done by the external medical monitor after review of the clinical events. If this is done in 
conjunction with the site Principal Investigator, the study sponsor must be informed within 24 
hours by phone, fax or email of the unblinding event, followed by a detailed written narrative 
within 48 hours of the event by the Principal Investigator at the study site.  
 
In other circumstances, the medical monitor may choose to unblind him/herself if there is 
concern based on the safety data that a type of adverse event may be associated with hMSCs 
treatment; in this case, the medical monitor will inform the study sponsor that he/she has 
unblended him/herself, but not of the treatment assignments. 
10.5 Stopping Rules  
Phase 1 is an open label dose escalation pilot study in which cohorts of subjects with ARDS will 
receive increasing doses of a single infusion of hMSCs. We plan 3 cohorts with 3 subjects/cohort 
who will receive doses of 1 x 106 cells/kg, 5 x 106 cells/kg, and 10 x 106 cells/kg. The first 
subject in each cohort will receive an infusion and will be observed for 7 days prior to 
enrollment of the remaining subjects in that cohort. A Scientific Review Committee (SRC) made 
up of two investigators and the study medical monitor, will review a report of clinical data and 
adverse events from the first subject in the cohort by teleconference.  
• If no pre-specified infusion associated event or unexpected serious adverse event 
including death is observed and if review of the case report forms does not show any 
concerning events or trends, the SRC may recommend that the next two subjects in that 
cohort may be treated.  
• The SRC will document in writing the rationale for continuing the dosing within that 
cohort. The second and third subjects in the cohort may be enrolled concurrently.  
• If there are any concerns on the part of the SRC or if the first subject has a protocol-
specified infusion-related adverse event or any serious adverse event including death, 
enrollment will be suspended pending review by the DSMB.  
• If the second subject experiences a pre-specified infusion associated event or unexpected 
serious adverse event including death prior to enrollment of the third study subject, 
enrollment will be suspended pending review by the DSMB.  
• If a subject experiences a pre-specified infusion associated event or unexpected serious 
adverse event including death at a given dose of hMSC, the DSMB will have the 
discretion to add another subject to the cohort at the same dose or to determine that the 
maximum tolerable dose has been achieved.  
• If another subject is added to the cohort, that subject must have 7 days of follow-up 
without a pre-specified infusion associated event or unexpected serious adverse event 
prior to enrollment of the next subject in the cohort.  
• Finally, dose escalation cannot proceed unless 3 subjects are successfully enrolled at a 
given dose without a pre-specified infusion associated event or unexpected serious 
adverse event including death prior to day 7. 
 
After completion of enrollment of each study cohort, an aggregate report of clinical data and all 
adverse events will be reviewed by the SRC and DSMB by teleconference prior to dose 
escalation to the next cohort  
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After completion of the Phase 1 study, the SRC will review all of the data and along with the 
principal investigator propose a cell product dose for the Phase 2 study. The maximum tolerable 
dose will be defined as the dose that was tolerated by three subjects as defined above. This 
recommendation will be reported to the DSMB for approval prior to the Phase 2 study. 
 
For the Phase 2 study, the DSMB will review 28 day post infusion safety data after 20 and 40 
subjects have been enrolled and received study product; however, enrollment will not be 
suspended pending DSMB review. During Phase 2, all pre-specified clinically important events 
and unexpected serious adverse events, including death, will be reported to the DSMB on an 
ongoing basis; the study will be stopped for a safety evaluation by the DSMB if they have any 
concerns or if three subjects have pre-specified clinically important events or unexpected serious 
adverse events EXCEPT death since death will be common in this critically ill population due 
the nature of the underlying illness (e.g., ARDS).  
 
The Phase 2 study will end when 60 patients have been recruited and received the study product 
and when all 60 subjects have completed 28-day follow-up, after which data analysis will 
commence. The Phase 2 study will stop prior to completion if mandated by the NHBLI-
appointed DSMB or the FDA due to safety concerns.  
10.6 Medical Monitoring 
It is the responsibility of the Principal Investigator to oversee the safety of the study at his/her 
site. This safety monitoring will include careful assessment and appropriate reporting of adverse 
events as noted above, as well as the construction and implementation of a site data and safety-
monitoring plan. Medical monitoring will include a regular assessment of the number and type of 
serious adverse events. The study will have an external medical monitor who will be available to 
investigators to independently evaluate adverse events and to assist with unblinding, if this 
becomes necessary. 
10.6.1 Independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board 
Both the Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies will be monitored by an independent DSMB. The DSMB 
will contain at least 3 members, 2 intensivists familiar with the care of patients with ARDS and a 
biostatistician. A DSMB Charter will define the DSMB’s responsibilities as described below. 
 
The DSMB will meet by teleconference prior to the start of the Phase 1 trial, after each cohort of 
3 patients is completed (and earlier if needed) during Phase 1,  and at the planned interim safety 
analyses (20 and 40 patients) for the Phase 2 trial. At these meetings, the DSMB will review all 
safety data in aggregate; individual adverse event narratives will also be available to the DSMB 
for review. At the end of the Phase 1 trial, the DSMB will also review in data the hemodynamic 
and oxygenation data from Phase 1 subjects around the time of the hMSCs infusion. During the 
Phase 2 trial, the DSMB will review the safety data in an unblinded fashion. 
 
As described in detail in the prior section, the dosing in a given cohort be stopped for DSMB 
review if a subject has a pre-specified infusion associated event or unexpected serious adverse 
event (including death) during the Phase 1 component of the study; the DSMB will also receive 
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reports of serious, unexpected, and study-related adverse events and unanticipated problems on 
an ongoing basis. 
 
The external medical monitor will serve as the liaison between the DSMB and the study sponsor 
and Principal Investigator. The actual analyses will be conducted by the Clinical Coordinating 
Center Biostatistician; who will ensure that the unblinded analyses are not available to study 
investigators.  
 
• The DSMB chair will be responsible for recording the summary of its various meetings 
and for reporting findings and/or recommendations to the study sponsor and to the funding 
agency, the NHLBI. 
 
11 Data Handling and Record Keeping 
11.1 Confidentiality 
Information about study subjects will be kept confidential and managed according to the 
requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). 
Those regulations require a signed subject authorization informing the subject of the following:  
• What protected health information (PHI) will be collected from subjects in this study 
• Who will have access to that information and why 
• Who will use or disclose that information 
• The rights of a research subject to revoke their authorization for use of their PHI.  
 
In the event that a subject revokes authorization to collect or use PHI, the investigator, by 
regulation, retains the ability to use all information collected prior to the revocation of subject 
authorization. For subjects that have revoked authorization to collect or use PHI, attempts should 
be made to obtain permission to collect at least vital status (i.e., that the subject is alive) at the 
end of their scheduled study period. 
11.2 Source Documents 
Source data is all information, original records of clinical findings, observations, or other 
activities in a clinical trial necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the trial. Source 
data are contained in source documents. Examples of these original documents, and data records 
include: hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, subjects’ 
diaries or evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from automated 
instruments, copies or transcriptions certified after verification as being accurate and complete, 
microfiches, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, x-rays, subject files, and 
records kept at the pharmacy, at the laboratories, and at medico-technical departments involved 
in the clinical trial. 
11.3 Case Report Forms 
The study case report forms (CRFs) are the primary data collection instruments for the study. All 
data requested on the CRFs must be recorded. All missing data must be explained. If a space on 
the CRF is left blank because the procedure was not done or the question was not asked, write 
“N/D”. If the item is not applicable to the individual case, write “N/A”. All entries should be 
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printed legibly in black ink. If any entry error has been made, to correct such an error, draw a 
single straight line through the incorrect entry and enter the correct data above it. All such 
changes must be initialed and dated. DO NOT ERASE OR WHITE OUT ERRORS. For 
clarification of illegible or uncertain entries, print the clarification above the item, then initial and 
date it. 
11.4 Records Retention 
It is the investigator’s responsibility to retain study essential documents for at least 2 years after 
the completion and publication of the clinical trial. These documents should be retained for a 
longer period if required by an agreement with the sponsor. In such an instance, it is the 
responsibility of the sponsor to inform the investigator/institution as to when these documents no 
longer need to be retained.  
 
12 Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting 
12.1 Study Monitoring Plan 
The data safety and monitoring plan for this Phase 1/2 trial will include a formal DSMB that will 
be approved by the IRB at the University of California, San Francisco. Our data safety 
monitoring board will include a critical care physician, a cell products specialist with expertise in 
Phase 1/2 clinical trials, and an ethicist. None of the DSMB members will be affiliated with this 
study or have a conflict of interest. Members will be from both the UCSF faculty and at least one 
outside institution. The DSMB will meet before the clinical trial begins and subsequently at least 
once every six months to review the design, comment, and monitoring of the trial with special 
reference to safety issues. The DSMB will be available to review adverse events, which will also 
be reviewed by the Principal Investigators. Adverse events will be promptly report to the DSMB, 
the UCSF IRB, the NHLBI and the FDA. Since this is a Phase 1 clinical trial focused on safety 
and since the patient population is critically ill and at high risk for complications related to their 
underlying severity of illness, we will also have a designated external medical monitor. The 
person will assist the PI with adjudication of severe adverse events on a case-by-case basis 
without potential conflict of interest.  
 
A separate monitoring plan will be written to specify how the participating clinical sites will be 
monitored by the sponsor. 
12.2 Auditing and Inspecting 
The investigator will permit study-related monitoring, audits, and inspections by the IRB, the 
sponsor, government regulatory bodies, and University compliance and quality assurance groups 
of all study related documents (e.g., source documents, regulatory documents, data collection 
instruments, study data etc.). The investigator will ensure the capability for inspections of 
applicable study-related facilities (e.g., pharmacy, diagnostic laboratory, etc.). 
 
Participation as an investigator in this study implies acceptance of potential inspection by 
government regulatory authorities and applicable University compliance and quality assurance 
offices. 
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13 Ethical Considerations 
This study is to be conducted according to US and international standards of Good Clinical 
Practice (FDA Title 21 part 312 and International Conference on Harmonization guidelines), 
applicable government regulations and Institutional research policies and procedures. 
 
This protocol and any amendments will be submitted to a properly constituted independent IRB, 
in agreement with local legal prescriptions, for formal approval of the study conduct. The 
decision of the IRB concerning the conduct of the study will be made in writing to the 
investigator and a copy of this decision will be provided to the sponsor before commencement of 
this study. The investigator should provide a list of IRB members and their affiliate to the 
sponsor. 
 
All subjects for this study will be provided a consent form describing this study and providing 
sufficient information for subjects to make an informed decision about their participation in this 
study. The consent form will be submitted with the protocol for review and approval by the IRB 
for the study. The formal consent of a subject, using the IRB-approved consent form, must be 
obtained before that subject undergoes any study procedure. The consent form must be signed by 
the subject or legally acceptable surrogate, and the investigator-designated research professional 
obtaining the consent.  
 
14 Study Finances 
14.1 Funding Source 
This study is financed through a grant from the National Institutes of Health National Heart 
Lung, and Blood Institute. 
14.2 Conflict of Interest 
Any investigator who has a conflict of interest with this study (patent ownership, royalties, or 
financial gain greater than the minimum allowable by their institution, etc.) must have the 
conflict reviewed by a properly constituted Conflict of Interest Committee with a Committee-
sanctioned conflict management plan that has been reviewed and approved by the study sponsor 
prior to participation in this study. All University of California investigators will follow the 
University conflict of interest policy. 
15 Publication Plan 
Neither the complete nor any part of the results of the study carried out under this protocol, nor 
any of the information provided by the sponsor for the purposes of performing the study, will be 
published or passed on to any third party without the consent of the study sponsor. Any 
investigator involved with this study is obligated to provide the sponsor with complete test 
results and all data derived from the study. 
 
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2. Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell E, Peabody E, Weaver J, Martin DP, Neff M, et al. Incidence and 
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84. McCarter SD, Mei SH, Lai PF, Zhang QW, Parker CH, Suen RS, et al. Cell-based angiopoietin-1 
gene therapy for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(10):1014-26. 
85. Fang X, Neyrinck AP, Matthay MA, Lee JW. Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells restore 
epithelial protein permeability in cultured human alveolar type II cells by secretion of angiopoietin-
1. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(34):26211-22. 
86. Mason CM, Guery BP, Summer WR, Nelson S. Keratinocyte growth factor attenuates lung leak 
induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea in rats. Crit Care Med. 1996;24(6):925-31. 
87. Welsh DA, Summer WR, Dobard EP, Nelson S, Mason CM. Keratinocyte growth factor prevents 
ventilator-induced lung injury in an ex vivo rat model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(3 Pt 
1):1081-6. 
88. Murakami M, Nguyen LT, Zhang ZW, Moodie KL, Carmeliet P, Stan RV, et al. The FGF system 
has a key role in regulating vascular integrity. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(10):3355-66. 
89. Birukova AA, Alekseeva E, Mikaelyan A, Birukov KG. HGF attenuates thrombin-induced 
endothelial permeability by Tiam1-mediated activation of the Rac pathway and by Tiam1/Rac-
dependent inhibition of the Rho pathway. FASEB J. 2007;21(11):2776-86. 
90. Singleton PA, Salgia R, Moreno-Vinasco L, Moitra J, Sammani S, Mirzapoiazova T, et al. CD44 
regulates hepatocyte growth factor-mediated vascular integrity. Role of c-Met, Tiam1/Rac1, 
dynamin 2, and cortactin. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(42):30643-57. 
91. Prockop DJ, Olson SD. Clinical trials with adult stem/progenitor cells for tissue repair: let's not 
overlook some essential precautions. Blood. 2007;109(8):3147-51. 
92. Le Blanc K, Frassoni F, Ball L, Locatelli F, Roelofs H, Lewis I, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells for 
treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study. Lancet. 
2008;371(9624):1579-86. 
93. Hare JM, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Dib N, Strumpf RK, Schulman SP, et al. A randomized, double-
blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem 
cells (prochymal) after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(24):2277-86. 
94. Battiwalla M, Hematti P. Mesenchymal stem cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 
Cytotherapy. 2009;11(5):503-15. 
95. Meduri GU, Chinn A. Fibroproliferation in late adult respiratory distress syndrome. 
Pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory manifestations, and response to corticosteroid rescue 
treatment. Chest. 1994;105(3 Suppl):127S-9S. 
96. Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB, Hough CL, Lanken PN, Hyzy R, et al. Efficacy and 
safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 
2006;354(16):1671-84. 
97. Seeley E, McAuley DF, Eisner M, Miletin M, Matthay MA, Kallet RH. Predictors of mortality in 
acute lung injury during the era of lung protective ventilation. Thorax. 2008;63(11):994-8. PMCID: 
2771451. 
98. Fort P, Farmer C, Westerman J, Johannigman J, Beninati W, Dolan S, et al. High-frequency 
oscillatory ventilation for adult respiratory distress syndrome--a pilot study. Crit Care Med. 
1997;25(6):937-47. 
99. Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonca A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA 
(Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf 
of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care 
Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22(7):707-10. 
100. 
Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Arons MM, Morris PE, Paz HL, Russell JA, et al. A trial of 
antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS. The Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group. 
Chest. 1997;112(1):164-72. 
101. 
Office for Human Research Protections. Guidance on Reviewing and Reporting 
Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or Others and Adverse Events. Department 
of Health and Human Services;  [January 15, 2007; cited 2008]; Available from: 
http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/policy/AdvEvntGuid.htm. 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 50 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
17 Appendices 
A. Time-Events Schedule 
B. Lung Injury Score 
C. De-identified Data Elements for Screened, Non-enrolled Subjects  
D. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) 
E. Ventilator Management 
F. Clinical Cell Wash Protocol  
G. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion Procedure  
H. Guidelines for Symptom Management During hMSCs Infusion 
I. Mini-Bronchoalveolar Lavage Procedure 
J. Investigational Product Infusion Protocol for Phase 2 
K. Barotrauma 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
     
 
 
Page 51 
University of California, San Francisco  
                                                           Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
                                                                                     Appendix A:  Time-Events Schedule 
 
Appendix A: Time-Events Schedule 
 
Measurement/Event 
Day 0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
28 
6m 
12m 
Prior to 
randomization 
Prior to MSC 
infusion& 
During and 
after  
MSC infusion 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demographics, History & Physical, Height, Weight 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Etiology of ARDS, site of sepsis if septic etiology 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HCG (in females of childbearing age) 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
APACHE III Score C 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vital Signs (HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, Temp oC) *$ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
Central Venous Pressure * 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
 
 
 
Fluids (In and Out) * 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modified Brussels Score and Brussels Organ Dysfunction FailureB ~ 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
Sequential Organ Failure Score 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
Ventilator Parameters (including FiO2) *#$ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arterial Blood Gases (PaO2, PaCO2, pH) and SpO2
D 
X 
X 
X 
A 
A 
X 
A 
A 
A 
A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CreatinineE 
X 
 
 
A 
A 
X 
A 
A 
A 
X 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
X 
A 
 
 
Chest X-ray (# quadrants for lung injury score) 
X 
 
 
A 
A 
X 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Record vasopressors or inotropes * (Y/N)$ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
Suspected or known site of infection 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
Total bilirubin, ALT, plateletsF 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
Blood and urine for cytokines, mediators and markers of inflammationG  
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blood cell pellet for DNA banking (if consent obtained) 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mini-BAL (Phase 2 only) 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vital Status § 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
Need for, timing and duration of dialysis 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X=Required;   A=When available;   C=Labs not available in the 24 hours before randomization must be obtained;   *= Data gathered at times indicated or until 48 hours UAB, whichever occurs first 
B=Record clinically available creatinine, platelets, bilirubin, SBP and vasopressor use;  ~=Data gathered on days 0-28 or until d/c from study hospital;  #=Measure during reference period (0600-1000); other values may be obtained closest 
to 0800 on the specified calendar date;  §=Measure at 28 days, 6 months and 12 months; the 12 month follow up visit will be an inperson visit with a focused history and physical examination 
D= ABG mandatory at the following timepoints: within 6 hours of randomization, prior to the start of the infusion (during the final 30 minutes of the baseline stability period); within 15 minutes of the end of MSC infusion (~1 hour) and 4 hours 
after the initiation of the infusion;  E=Record clinically available creatinine in the 96 hours prior to  randomization, the worst creatinine of the day from day 1-14, the date and value of the highest creatinine between days 15-28 and the lowest 
value during the entire hospitalization obtained off dialysis; F=Data required prior to  randomization,  day 3 (+/-1 day), day 7 (+/-1 day) and day 14 (+/-1 day); $=Data recorded every 15 minutes for at least two hours during “stable baseline” 
period and until the initiation of study drug infusion,  every 15 minutes for the duration of the infusion and every hour  until 6 hours from the initiation of study drug infusion;  G= Blood and urine specimens are required before the hMSC infusion, 
at 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, 7 days (+/- 2 day) after the initiation of the study product infusion. 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 52 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix B: Lung Injury Score 
 
Appendix B: Lung Injury Score 
 
The Lung Injury Score (Murray JF et al., 1988) is a validated 4-point score based on chest 
radiograph findings, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, PEEP and compliance. Scoring is performed for each 
individual component, and the score is the average of the 4 components. 
 
Lung Injury Scoring 
Value 
Score 
CXR (# of quadrants with infiltrates) 
 
 
 
 
 
PaO2/FiO2 
 
 
 
 
 
PEEP 
 
 
 
 
 
Compliance 
 
 
 
 
 
Total score 
 
 
Actual score (total points/4) 
 
 
 
 
Scoring: 
 
1 points 
2 points 
3 points 
4 points 
CXR (# of quadrants with 
infiltrates) 
 
2 quadrants 
3 quadrants 
4 quadrants 
PaO2/FiO2 
225-299 
175-224 
100- 174 
< 100 
PEEP 
6-8 
9-11 
12-14 
≥ 15 
Compliance 
60-79 
40-59 
20-39 
≤ 19 
 
Static compliance can be calculated as: Tidal volume/(Plateau pressure – PEEP) 
 
 
 
 
Reference: Murray JF, Matthay MA, Luce JM, et al. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory 
distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:720–3; erratum 1989;139:1065.
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 53 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix C: De-identified Data Elements 
 
Appendix C: De-identified Data Elements for Screened, Non-enrolled Subjects 
 
1. Was onset of ARDS acute? 
2. Did frontal CXR show bilateral infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema? 
3. Number of quadrants with opacities? 
4. Is patient intubated? 
5. PaO2 
6. FiO2 
7. Was there evidence of left atrial hypertension? 
8. Month of the year that patient met screening criteria 
9. Gender 
10. Ethnicity 
11. Age (if age >89, 89 will be entered for age) 
12. Patient location (e.g. MICU, SICU, etc.) and if regularly screened 
13. Reason(s) patient excluded from study 
14. If not excluded, not enrolled, why? 
15. Lung injury category (e.g. sepsis, pneumonia) 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 54 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 Appendix D: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test 
 
Appendix D: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) 
 
The Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire is important to administer because there is a common 
association between alcohol abuse and ARDS (Moss M et al., 1996).  It will be important to have 
this information for a subgroup analysis. 
 
 
 
Reference: Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, et al. The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of 
acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. JAMA 1996; 275:50-54 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 55 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix E: Ventilator Management 
 
Appendix E: Ventilator Management 
 
1.  Ventilator Management 
A modified, simplified version of the ARDS Network lung protective lower tidal volume 
strategy will be used in this trial.  This strategy, which was associated with low mortality rates in 
three previous ARDS Network trials (ARMA, ALVEOLI, and FACTT), will ensure that study 
subjects receive the beneficial effects of lung protection while participating in this trial (The 
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network , and Brower et al., 2004).  ARDS Network 
personnel have substantial experience in the application of this protocol from the three 
completed trials noted above. 
 
1. Any mode of ventilation capable of delivering the prescribed tidal volume (VT, 6ml/kg 
predicted body weight, +/- 2ml/kg) may be used, provided the VT target is monitored and 
adjusted appropriately.  If airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is used, tidal 
volume is defined as the sum of the volume that results from the ventilator pressure-
release and an estimation of the average spontaneous VT.   
2. VT Goal:  6 ml / kg predicted body weight.  
3. Predicted body weight (PBW) is calculated from age, gender, and height (heel to crown) 
according to the following equations: 
a. Males: PBW (kg) = 50 + 2.3 [height (inches) – 60] 
b. Females:  PBW (kg) = 45.5 + 2.3 [height (inches) – 60] 
4. Measure and record inspiratory plateau pressure (Pplat) according to ICU routine (at least 
every four hours and after changes in VT and PEEP recommended) 
5. If Pplat > 30 cm H2O, reduce VT to 5 ml / kg and then to 4 ml / kg PBW if necessary to 
decrease Pplat to ≤ 30 cm H2O. 
6. If VT < 6 ml/kg PBW and Pplat < 25 cm H2O, raise VT by 1 ml / kg PBW to a maximum 
of 6 ml/kg. 
7. If “severe dyspnea" (more than 3 double breaths per minute or airway pressure remains at 
or below PEEP level during inspiration), then raise VT to 7 or 8 ml/kg PBW if Pplat 
remains below 30 cm H2O.  If Pplat exceeds 30 cm H2O with VT of 7 or 8 ml/kg PBW, 
then revert to lower VT and consider more sedation. 
8. If pH < 7.15, VT may be raised and Pplat limit suspended (not required). 
9. Oxygenation target: 55 mm Hg < PaO2 < 80 mm Hg or 88% < SpO2 < 95%.  When both 
PaO2 and SpO2 are available simultaneously, the PaO2 criterion will take precedence.   
10. Minimum PEEP = 5 cm H2O 
11. Adjust FIO2 or PEEP upward within 5 minutes if there are consistent measurements 
below the oxygenation target range 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 56 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix E: Ventilator Management 
 
12. Adjust FIO2 or PEEP downward within 30 minutes if there are consistent measurements 
above the oxygenation target range.   
13. There are no requirements for maintaining a specific PEEP to FIO2 ratio.  The lower 
PEEP/higher FIO2 table represents a consensus approach developed by ARDS Network 
investigators in 1995.  The higher PEEP/lower FIO2 table (ALVEOLI) yielded equivalent 
results in a randomized trial (Brower et al., 2004)  and would be acceptable and perhaps 
preferable in patients who appear to respond with a substantial increase in arterial 
oxygenation in the transition from lower to higher PEEP. 
 
 
Lower PEEP/Higher FIO2 Treatment Group 
 
 
Higher PEEP/Lower FIO2 Study Group 
 
Note: Levels of PEEP in these FIO2/ PEEP tables represent levels set on the ventilator, not 
levels of total-PEEP, auto-PEEP, or intrinsic-PEEP. 
 
14. No specific rules for respiratory rate. It is recommended that the respiratory rate be 
increased in increments to a maximum set rate of 35 if pH < 7.30. 
15. No specific rules about I:E.  It is recommended that duration of Inspiration be ≤ duration 
of Expiration. 
16. Bicarbonate is allowed (neither encouraged nor discouraged) if pH < 7.30. 
17. Changes in more than one ventilator setting driven by measurements of PaO2, pH, and 
Pplat may be performed simultaneously, if necessary. 
 
 
References: 
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as 
compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory 
distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. 2000; 342:1301-
1308. 
 
Brower RG, Lanken PN, MacIntyre N, et al. Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory 
pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2004; 
351:327-336. 
FIO2 
.30 .40 .40 
.50 
.50 
.60 
.70 
.70 
.70 
.80  .90 
.90 
.90 
1.0 
PEEP 
5 
 5 
  8 
  8 
 10 
10 
10 
12 
14 
14 
14 
16 
18 
18-24 
FIO2 
.30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .40 .40 .50 
.50 
.50 – .80 .80 .90 
1.0 
1.0 
PEEP 
5 
8 
10 
12 
14 
14 
16 
16 
18 
20 
22 
22 
22 
24 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 57 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix E: Ventilator Management 
 
2.  Weaning 
Commencement of Weaning (applicable to patients ventilated invasively or non-invasively): 
Patients will be assessed for the following weaning readiness criteria each day between 0600 and 
1000.  If a patient procedure, test, or other extenuating circumstance prevents assessment for 
these criteria between 0600 and 1000, then the assessment and initiation of subsequent weaning 
procedures may be delayed for up to six hours. 
 
1. At least 12 hours since enrollment in the trial 
2. FIO2 ≤ 0.40 and PEEP ≤ 8 cm H2O or FIO2 ≤ 0.50 and PEEP = 5 cm H2O 
3. Values of both PEEP and FIO2 ≤ values from previous day (comparing Reference 
Measurement values, section 6.3) 
4. Not receiving neuromuscular blocking agents and without neuromuscular blockade 
5. Patient exhibiting inspiratory efforts. If no efforts are evident at baseline, ventilator set 
rate will be decreased to 50% of baseline level for up to 5 minutes to detect inspiratory 
efforts. 
6. Systolic arterial pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg without vasopressor support (≤ 5 mcg/kg/min 
dopamine or dobutamine will not be considered a vasopressor) 
 
Spontaneous Breathing Trial Procedure and Assessment for Unassisted Breathing: 
If criteria 1-6 above are met, then initiate a trial of up to 120 minutes of spontaneous 
breathing with FIO2 < 0.5 using any of the following approaches: 
1. Pressure support (PS) < 5 cm H2O, PEEP < 5 cm H2O  
2. CPAP < 5 cm H2O  
3. T-piece  
4. Tracheostomy mask  
 
The clinical team may decide to change mode during spontaneous breathing (PS = 5, CPAP, 
tracheostomy mask, or T-piece) at any time during the spontaneous breathing trial. 
 
Monitor for tolerance using the following: 
1. SpO2 ≥ 90% and / or PaO2 ≥ 60 mm Hg 
2. Mean spontaneous tidal volume ≥ 4 ml/kg PBW (if measured) 
3. Respiratory Rate ≤ 35 / min 
4. pH ≥ 7.30 (if measured) 
5. No respiratory distress (defined as 2 or more of the following): 
a. Heart rate ≥ 120% of the 0600 rate ( ≤ 5 min at > 120% may be tolerated) 
b. Marked use of accessory muscles 
c. Abdominal paradox 
d. Diaphoresis 
e. Marked subjective dyspnea 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 58 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix E: Ventilator Management 
 
If any of the goals a-e are not met, revert to previous ventilator settings or to PS greater than 
or equal to 10 cm H2O with Positive End-expiratory Pressure and FIO2 = previous settings 
and reassess for weaning the next morning.  The patient will be reassessed for weaning 
(Section E2) the following day. 
 
Decision to remove ventilatory support: 
If tolerance criteria for spontaneous breathing trial (a-e above) are met for at least 30 
minutes, the clinical team may decide to discontinue mechanical ventilation. However, the 
spontaneous breathing trial can continue for up to120 minutes if tolerance remains in 
question.  
 
3.  Definition of Unassisted Breathing  
1. Spontaneously breathing with face mask, nasal prong oxygen, or room air, OR 
2. T-tube breathing, OR 
3. Tracheostomy mask breathing, OR 
4. CPAP ≤ 5 without PS or IMV assistance 
5. Use of CPAP or BIPAP solely for sleep apnea management  
 
4.  Definition of Extubation 
1. Removal of an oral or nasotracheal tube 
2. If a patient receives a tracheostomy, the time of extubation is defined as the time when 
the patient achieves unassisted breathing as defined in Section 3. 
 
5.  Completion of Ventilator Procedures 
Patients will be considered to have completed the study ventilator procedures if any of the 
following conditions occur: 
1. Death 
2. Hospital discharge 
3. Alive 28 days after enrollment 
 
If a patient requires positive pressure ventilation after a period of unassisted breathing, the 
study ventilator procedures will resume unless the patient was discharged from the hospital 
or > 28 days elapsed since enrollment. 
 
6.  Removal from the Ventilator Management Protocol 
Patients may be removed from the 6 ml/kg PBW tidal volume ventilation requirement if they 
develop neurologic conditions where hypercapnia would be contraindicated (e.g., intracranial 
bleeding, GCS < 8, cerebral edema, mass effect [midline shift on CT scan], papilledema, 
intracranial pressure monitoring, fixed pupils). 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 59 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix F: Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
Appendix F: Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) 
Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
 
Document Date: 
21 January 2014 
 
To be used in support of 
Protocol Title: 
A Phase 1/2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, 
Multi-center Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived 
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Acute 
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 
Protocol 
Number: 
UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
Sponsor-
Investigator: 
Michael A. Matthay, MD 
University of California, San Francisco 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 60 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix F: Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
1.Background 
Allogeneic, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) will be received 
frozen from: 
University of Minnesota Medical Center (UMMC)  
Clinical Cell Therapy Laboratory  
Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics (MCT)  
1900 Fitch Avenue 
Saint Paul, MN 55108 
The cellular product is cryopreserved for long-term storage. The cryopreserved hMSCs are 
formulated in DMSO (10%), human serum albumin (5%) and Plasma-Lyte A (30%).  
Once received at the clinical site, the hMSCs will be stored under controlled conditions in liquid 
nitrogen tanks in the Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility (or equivalent).  
Just prior to use, the cellular product will be thawed, washed and prepared for intravenous 
administration in the Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility (or equivalent) by trained facility 
technicians. 
→ The hMSCs administration must be completed within 4 hours of the start of the thaw 
procedure. The hMSCs will be administered over 60-80 minutes.   
 
→ Each Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility (or equivalent) will develop their own site-
specific Standard Operating Procedure in support of this protocol. The laboratory-specific 
standard operating procedure at each site will be reviewed by the Coordinating Center including 
the affiliated Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility prior to initiating the clinical trial at that 
site. To assist with this process, the Coordinating Center will share the SOP developed by the 
UCSF Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility. 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 61 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix F: Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
2 Reagents, Supplies and Equipment 
 
Each Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory supporting this clinical trial will develop 
their own check list of reagent, supply and equipment checklist as part of the laboratory-specific 
standard operating procedure. These will include but are not limited to: 
 
Reagents:  
Plasma-Lyte A (Baxter) for cell wash and resuspension 
Trypan blue for cell counts 
Supplies: 
 
Sterile cell transfer pack, 300 mL 
 
Blood culture bottles for sterility testing 
 
Equipment: 
 
 
Balance 
 
 
Centrifuge 
 
 
Heat sealer 
 
 
Hemostat 
 
 
Hematocytometer 
 
 
Laminar Flow Hood 
 
 
Microscope 
 
 
Plasma Expressor 
 
 
Water Bath 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 62 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix F: Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
3 Procedure 
3.1 Equipment Preparation 
3.1.1 Confirm that the water bath is ready and fill with sterile water according to local 
practices.  The water bath should be maintained according to local practices to avoid 
microbiological contamination. This protocol will be reviewed by the Sponsor prior to 
enrollment of the first patient. 
3.1.2 Bring water bath to 37°C. 
3.1.3 Turn on and clean biocontainment hood before use. 
3.1.4 Turn on centrifuge. Set to refrigerated temperature of 2-5°C and spin for 15 minutes at 
400g. Verify temperature and rpms during initial use. 
3.1.5 All calculations will be done on a hMSC Calculation Worksheet, which will be retained 
by the Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility as a source document. 
 
3.2 
Thawing of hMSCs  
3.2.1  Locate appropriate bags of hMSCs (stored in liquid nitrogen in the Clinical Bone Marrow 
Transplant Facility).  
NOTE:  Prior to thawing, laboratory staff must calculate the number of cells 
needed for the study subject based on predicted body weight, and they must 
determine the number of cell bags they will need to thaw to have this dose of 
cells available. No more than 1 x 109 cells (100 kg x 10 x 106 cells/kg) will be 
administered to any subject. 
At the same time, the Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility will calculate the 
amount of endotoxin present in the original hMSC product based on the lot 
release information supplied by the University of Minnesota. The acceptance limit 
is <5.0 EU/Kg.  
 
3.2.2 Cells should not be thawed until the laboratory has staff available to start the wash 
procedure immediately after the thaw procedure is complete. Thaw time, time wash was 
completed, and infusion start/stop times will be recorded. 
3.2.3 Remove bag from cassette and place into sealable plastic bag. 
3.2.4 If either the product bag or sealable outer bag has leaks or cracks, do not use it and 
replace with new bag. 
3.2.5 Immerse the sealed zip bag containing the frozen hMSCs in the water bath, gently 
rocking the bag to mix the suspension during the thawing. 
3.2.6 Aseptically transfer the thawed bag into the hood. 
 
 
3.3 
General Washing Instructions for hMSCs 
3.3.1 The cells should be washed according to the standard protocol of the local Clinical Bone 
Marrow Transplant Facility (or equivalent). This protocol will be reviewed by the 
Sponsor prior to enrollment of the first patient.  
3.3.2 The general principles of the wash procedure are as follows: 
(1) 
Cells should be transferred from the original bag to a 300 mL transfer pack for 
centrifugation under sterile conditions, along with the appropriate volume of Plasma-
Date: February 17, 2015 
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Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 63 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix F: Clinical Cell Wash Protocol 
 
Lyte A for the wash. If multiple bags of cells are thawed, pool cells prior to the wash 
procedure. 
(2) 
Cells should be placed in the centrifuge and centrifuged 400g for 15 minutes at 2-5˚C.    
(3) 
Supernatant should be removed aseptically using a plasma expressor. The laboratory 
should determine ahead of time what the maximum volume of supernatant that will 
be removed is and this should be part of the standard operating procedure developed 
by the laboratory. 
(4) 
Cells should be resuspended in Plasma-Lyte A to a product of 100 mL 
(5) 
Remove a 5.0 mL sample of POST-Wash/Reconstituted Cells to use for the 
following tests: 
• 0.5 mL for total cell count; cells should be counted undiluted, 1:5 and 1:10 
• 0.5 mL for viability testing by Trypan Blue 
• 2 mLs for sterility cultures 
3.3.3 The final product will have a volume of 100 mL. Plasma-Lyte A will be added to the 
volume of cells required from the POST-Wash/Reconstituted Cells to a final volume of 
100 mL. 
3.3.4 Clinical Bone Marrow Transplant Facility staff should complete the “BMT Lab” section 
of the Infusion Form. This will include product thaw date/time, expiration date/time, and 
product identification number. 
4 
The hMSCs administration must be completed within 4 hours of the start of the thaw 
procedure. The hMSCs will be administered over 60-80 minutes.   
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 64 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix G: hMSCs Infusion Procedure 
 
Appendix G: Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion Procedure 
 
BACKGROUND:  Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are being administered here as a 
novel therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several factors are essential to the safe 
administration of hMSCs. They include accurate identification of the donor, the recipient; the 
product; and the cell dose. Therapies that can damage hMSCs include hemodialysis. In addition, 
recognition and management of the potential side effects associated with hMSC infusion are also 
important. Toxicity from DMSO used to protect hMSCs during cryo-preservation is not a major 
concern since the hMSCs will be washed after the thaw and prior to infusion; renal toxicity from 
red blood cell disruption during the freeze/thaw procedure is also not a concern since these cells 
are cultured prior to cryopreservation. 
 
Each study site will develop their own site-specific Standard Operating Procedure in support of 
this protocol. The site-specific standard operating procedure will be reviewed by the 
Coordinating Center prior to initiating the clinical trial at that site. 
 
1.  OBJECTIVE: 
1.1 To ensure the safe and effective infusion of clinical grade allogeneic bone marrow-
derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).  
1.2 To ensure the administration of the total prescribed hMSC dose  
 
2. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT  
2.1 Standard blood filter tubing Y set (170-260 micron filter): At UCSF Medical Center, 
this is Baxter 4C6772 
2.2 Gloves 
2.3 Normal saline bag 
2.4 One 3-way luer stopcock 
2.5 Large luer lock syringe (10 mL or greater) 
 
3. POLICIES 
3.1 A study physician from the study must initiate and be present for the entire duration of 
the hMSC infusion (or placebo in Phase 2). 
3.2 A study physician must write an order to administer hMSCs. 
3.3 The hMSC infusion must be completed within 4 hours of the start of the cell thaw 
protocol, which will be documented on the cellular product by the BMT laboratory 
staff. Cells will be picked up from the laboratory by a study investigator or transported 
to the ICU by BMT laboratory staff. Time of completion of the thaw and wash 
procedure and the start and end of the infusion will be documented on the hMSC 
Infusion Record.   
3.4 Never discard hMSCs. In the event of an adverse reaction terminating the infusion, 
return any un-transfused hMSCs to the BMT laboratory immediately. 
3.5 No prophylactic pre-medications (e.g. acetaminophen or diphenhydramine) will be 
administered prior to the hMSCs.  If such medications are ordered by the clinical team 
and given prior to or during the hMSC infusion, however, their use does not preclude 
proceeding with the infusion. 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 65 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix G: hMSCs Infusion Procedure 
 
3.6 The following medications should be immediately available at the patient’s bedside 
during the infusion and the post-infusion monitoring period: epinephrine 1 mg for 
intravenous administration, hydrocortisone 100 mg for intravenous administration, and 
diphenhydramine 50 mg for intravenous administration. 
3.7 hMSCs can be infused via peripheral or central venous access.  If peripheral, the IV 
should preferably be 18 gauge, but no smaller than 20 gauge. 
3.8 Ideally a separate port or line should be used for the hMSC infusion. The hMSC 
infusion should not be “piggy backed” into a medication line. If absolutely necessary, a 
stopcock can be used at the lumen connection to create a separate, dedicated line for the 
hMSC infusion. Avoid administration with dextrose containing solutions; Normal 
saline, Plasmalyte, and Lactated Ringers are acceptable. 
3.9 Dialysis Patients:  Patients receiving intermittent dialysis may be dialyzed prior to 
hMSC infusion, but should not be dialyzed until 24 hours or more after the hMSC 
infusion if possible. Continuous renal replacement therapy will be allowed to continue 
during the hMSC or placebo infusion. 
3.10 Prone positioning: Patients must be in the supine position for the pre-infusion baseline 
stability period, and must remain in the supine position for the duration of the infusion.  
The patient should also remain supine for at least 1 hour after the completion of the 
infusion and preferably for the full 5 hours of additional bedside observation that 
follows the infusion.  If after 1 hour post-infusion there is evidence of respiratory 
deterioration, however, the study MD and primary clinical team at bedside may elect to 
return the patient to the prone position. 
3.11 Apply standard precautions and aseptic technique at all times. 
3.12 Verify patient’s identity per National Patient Safety Goals (two identifiers). (At UCSF 
Medical Center, the Department of Nursing Blood and Blood Components 
Administration Procedure should be followed). 
3.13 Monitor the patient for reaction to the hMSC infusion during administration (see 
attached potential side effects). 
 
4. PROCEDURE 
4.1 Study Physician to write order for cell infusion. This order also confirms the date, and 
time of the hMSC infusion. No hMSCs are to be thawed, processed, or released from 
the BMT laboratory without this order. (At UCSF Medical Center: Fax infusion order 
to BMT Lab, fax #353-1227.  Confirm infusion time with BMT laboratory at 353-
1789). 
4.2 Set up IV tubing as follows: normal saline bag, “Y-set” standard blood filter tubing (170 - 
260 micron filter tubing, for example Baxter 4C6772) with one 3-way luer-lock 
stopcock at the end. Saline prime the blood filter tubing setup. Do NOT use bifuse 
tubing. DO NOT INFUSE THROUGH A NEEDLELESS CAP. 
4.3 hMSCs will be administered as 100 mL in a 300 mL transfer bag; in Phase 2 this bag 
will be covered with aluminum foil to blind investigators to the content. In addition, in 
phase 2, the BMT laboratory will label both the transfer bag and the aluminum foil 
cover with the patient identifiers. 
4.4 The Study Physician will: 
• Confirm that the patient has met criteria to receive the hMSC infusion: the 2 hour 
stable baseline period has been achieved, and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio on a blood gas 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 66 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix G: hMSCs Infusion Procedure 
 
obtained during the last 30 minutes of the stable baseline prior to infusion does not 
exceed 300. If the PaO2/FiO2 ratio is greater than 300, the patient is no longer 
eligible to receive hMSCs. 
• Follow National Patient Safety Goals to identify the patient (two identifiers).  (At 
UCSF Medical Center: Verify patient identification per Department of Nursing 
Blood and Blood Components Administration Procedure). 
• Verify that the signed consent is in the patient’s medical record. 
• Review the infusion order. 
• Double-check the information on the hMSC bag with the bedside RN for the 
following:   
• Recipient  name/ID#  
• Recipient date of birth  
• Product Unique Identifier (DIN) 
• Product Proper Name 
One person should read the information on the product and a second person should 
compare it with the information on the paperwork and patient identification band. One 
of these two individuals should be a study investigator.  
• Prior to infusion, the study physician should ensure that the following medications 
are available at the patient’s bedside: 
• Epinephrine: 1 mg 
• Hydrocortisone: 100 mg 
• Benadryl: 50 mg 
4.5 The study physician will be present for and will directly oversee the entire infusion 
procedure: 
• Spike the hMSC bag and attach to the saline primed filter tubing 
• The cells can be spiked onto the filter tubing and the infusion started immediately 
after the cells arrive at the bedside from the BMT laboratory and all patient checks 
have been completed. There is no need to wait for the cells to come to room 
temperature. 
• Attach the primed filter tubing with the three-way stopcock to the intravenous line 
through which the hMSCs are to be infused 
• Confirm that all IV connections are secure and that the infusion lines from the MSC 
to the patient are visible.  
• Document the start date and time of the hMSC infusion on the hMSC Infusion 
Record. 
4.6 Start the infusion: 
• At each center, the priming volume of the filter set must be measured prior to 
enrollment of the first study patient:  
o For example, for Baxter 4C6772, the priming volume ranges from 80-100 mL, 
depending on the drip chamber prime volume 
o The drip chamber should not be primed to “full” since the infusion rate will be 
set based on the number of drops/minute that are used 
• Run HALF of the estimated priming volume in over 10-15 minutes, checking the 
drop rate at the start of the infusion and approximately 5 minutes later. The drop 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 67 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix G: hMSCs Infusion Procedure 
 
rate should be checked by counting the number of drops over 30 seconds and 
calculating the number of drops/minute. 
• Run the remain HALF of the estimated priming volume and the cells in over 50-60 
minutes, checking the drop rate at the start of the infusion, approximately 5 minutes 
after the start, and periodically throughout the infusion 
• For the Baxter 4C6772 filter set: 
o Infuse 40 mL over 10-15 minutes, calculating the drop rate/minute 
 
 The # drops/mL for this priming set per the manufacturer is 
approximately 15 
 Therefore 40 mL = 40 mL * 15 drop/mL = 600 drops 
 600 drops/10 minutes = 60 drops/minute = 30 drops/30 seconds 
 600 drops/15 minutes = 40 drops/minute = 20 drops/30 seconds 
 Therefore the target infusion rate is 25-30 drops/30 seconds for 
the first 10 minutes of the infusion 
o For the second half of the prime volume and 100 mL of cells, 
 (40 mL prime + 100 mL cell volume) * 15 drops/mL = 2100 drops 
 2100 drops/50 minutes = 42 drops/minute = 21 drops/30 seconds  
 2100 drops/60 minutes = 35 drops/minute = 17.5 drops/30 seconds  
 Therefore the target infusion rate is 18-20 drops/30 seconds for 
the next 50-60 minutes 
4.7 Do not run normal saline concurrently with the cells. 
4.8 When the cell bag is empty, proceed to the RINSE AND FLUSH PROCEDURES 
(4.12) to rinse the bag and flush the line.  
4.9 If the cells do not infuse easily by gravity, attach the luer-lock syringe to the three-way 
stop-cock and push hMSCs through line slowly (2-5 mL/min) via a syringe. 
4.10 Observe the infusion line for clumping and change the filter set if clumping is observed. 
Save original filter set for the bone marrow transplant laboratory. Document if 
clumping is observed on the case report forms. 
4.11 Monitoring:  
• Blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation will be continuously monitored for 
the duration of the infusion and documented every 15 minutes during the infusion. 
• An arterial blood gas will be obtained within the 30 minutes prior to the start of the 
infusion (DURING the baseline stability period) and within 15 minutes of the end 
of the infusion. If the paO2/FiO2 ratio on the blood gas obtained during the baseline 
stability period is greater than 300, the patient should NOT receive hMSCs. 
• See Appendix H for potential side effects of transfusion. Monitor periodically 
during the infusion for these side effects.  If the patient experiences significant side 
effects, consider pausing or stopping infusion. 
4.12 RINSE AND FLUSH PROCEDURE: Approximately 100 mL of saline total should 
be used to rinse the cell bag and flush the line, ensuring that the cells have been 
rinsed from the bag and infused through the priming setup. The target infusion rate 
during the rinse and flush procedure is increased, as the patient has already 
received a large portion of the infusion, and the rinse is expected to be more dilute.  
• At the end of the infusion, rinse the hMSC bag with normal saline using this 
protocol. To do this: (1) Clamp the hMSC line to the patient (2) Unclamp the saline 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 68 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix G: hMSCs Infusion Procedure 
 
line and lower the hMSC bag to allow for saline to enter the hMSC bag; (3) After a 
small amount of saline (approximately 20 mL) has entered the hMSC bag, reclamp 
the saline line; (4) Swirl the saline in the hMSC bag until the sides of the bag are 
clear of cells (in Phase 2 this should be done by the bedside RN and not the study 
investigator, who must remain blinded to treatment); (5) Re-hang the hMSC bag, 
then open the line and infuse the saline rinse from the hMSC bag into the patient 
until the bag is empty; (6) Finally, allow 80 mL (priming volume) of saline to run 
through the filter to flush the remaining rinse volume into the patient.  The rinse 
and flush volume should be infused over approximately 20 minutes: 
 (20 mL rinse + 80 mL flush) * 15 drops/mL = 1500 drops 
 1500 drops/20 minutes = 75 drops/minute = 32.5 drops/30 seconds  
 Therefore the target infusion rate for the rinse and flush is 
approximately 30 drops/30 seconds for 20 minutes  
• If cell clumps are still seen in the filter, clamp the hMSC line and unclamp the saline 
line. Attach a large syringe to the stopcock nearest the patient. Flip the stopcock to 
allow for saline to be drawn through the filter and tubing into the syringe. Aspirate 
saline into the syringe to flush the filter (the aspiration of saline through the filter 
serves as a filter flush). When the syringe is full, turn the stopcock (open to the 
patient’s IV) to allow for the contents of the syringe to be injected into the patient. 
Empty the syringe slowly (2-5mL/min). Repeat this process until the filter is clear of 
cells.  
4.13 hMSC bags and tubing should be returned to the BMT laboratory 
4.14 Obtain and document vital signs at completion of infusion. 
 
 
5. Documentation: 
5.1 Complete the hMSC Infusion Record. The Study Physician must perform patient 
assessment for any adverse events.  A copy of this infusion record should be placed in 
the patient’s paper medical record or scanned into the electronic medical record; a hard 
copy must also be sent to the local BMT lab and to the University of Minnesota. 
5.2 The study investigator will inform the bedside RN of the total volume (hMSC and saline 
wash) used during the infusion procedure so this can be documented in the patient’s 
medical record.  
5.3 Study MD writes an event note documenting the procedure in the electronic medical 
record, including any confirmation of the appropriate product, MSC dose infused, and 
any complications or adverse reactions.
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 69 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 Appendix H: Symptom Management During Infusion Guidelines 
 
Appendix H: Guidelines for Symptom Management During hMSCs Infusion 
 
Adverse Reactions 
Signs and Symptoms 
Management 
Hypersensitivity 
 
Hypersensitivity to allogeneic 
plasma proteins. 
• 
dyspnea 
• 
hypotension 
• 
fever 
• 
urticaria 
• 
tachycardia 
• 
hypoxemia 
• 
Pause MSC infusion 
• 
Check vital signs and O2 saturation 
• 
Hydrocortisone 1mg/kg IV 
• 
If still symptomatic after hydrocortisone, then 
diphenhydramine 25-50 mg IV 
• 
Increase supplemental O2 if O2 saturation is 
<93% and/or dyspnea 
• 
Resume MSC infusion after reasonable 
resolution of signs and symptoms. 
Leukoagglutination 
 
Because some leukocytes 
may be present in the MSC 
preparation (although MSC 
purity will typically be >95%), 
leukoagglutination symptoms 
may occur. 
• 
cough 
• 
“tickle in throat” 
• 
dyspnea 
• 
hypoxemia 
• 
chest pressure 
• 
Pause MSC infusion. 
• 
Check vital signs and O2 saturation 
• 
Increase supplemental O2 if O2 saturation is 
<93% and/or dyspnea. 
• 
Resume MSC infusion after reasonable 
resolution of signs and symptoms. 
Volume Overload 
 
Although the volume of the 
MSC will be set at 100 ml 
total, pulmonary edema may 
occur in this population. This 
can occur with or without 
concurrent cardiac 
dysfunction. 
 
 
• 
dyspnea 
• 
hypoxemia 
• 
frothy, clear or 
pink sputum 
• 
tachycardia 
• 
lack of fever 
• 
distended neck 
veins 
• 
Pause MSC infusion. 
• 
Check vital signs and O2 saturation. 
• 
Increase supplemental O2 if O2 saturation is 
<93% and/or patient is dyspneic. 
• 
Furosemide (≥ 10 mg IV) 
• 
Resume MSC infusion after reasonable 
reduction of signs and symptoms. 
Transfusion Incompatibility 
 
The infusion of allogeneic 
MSC can be incompatible 
based on the presence of 
allo-antibodies in the donor 
and/or recipient serum. 
Transfusion incompatibility 
reactions are usually 
symptomatic and occasionally 
life-threatening. 
 
• 
fever 
• 
hypotension 
• 
dyspnea 
• 
low back pain 
• 
dark urine 
• 
drop in blood 
hemoglobin 
• 
disseminated-
intravascular 
coagulation 
• 
Stop MSC infusion. 
• 
Check vital signs and O2 saturation. 
• 
IV fluid resuscitation immediately if 
hypotensive. 
• 
Forced diuresis and urinary alkalinization 
with IV D5W + 2 amps/l sodium bicarbonate. 
• 
Send recipient blood for a “transfusion 
reaction analysis” to the blood bank. 
• 
Consider mannitol 25 gm IV if suspicion of a 
transfusion ABO incompatibility reaction is 
high. 
• 
Consider blood cultures (and culture of the 
MSC product) followed by broad spectrum 
anti-bacterial antibiotics. 
• 
The attending BMT physician will be 
informed of the episode and will decide 
whether to restart the MSC infusion or abort 
the MSC infusion. 
• 
If the MSC infusion is aborted, the balance of 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 70 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 Appendix H: Symptom Management During Infusion Guidelines 
 
Adverse Reactions 
Signs and Symptoms 
Management 
the MSC product will be quarantined in the 
BMT laboratory refrigerator for possible 
additional analysis. 
Reactions to 
Cryopreservatives (e.g. 
DMSO) 
 
DMSO is added to all MSC 
products being cryopreserved 
to protect the MSC from 
hypothermal damage.  The 
cell product will be washed to 
minimize the infusion of 
DMSO, but the infusion of 
DMSO has side effects and 
consequences that study 
personnel need to be aware 
of 
• 
metallic/garlic 
taste 
• 
nausea/emesis 
• 
flushing of face 
• 
intestinal cramps 
• 
acute 
hypertension 
• 
bradycardia (first, 
second, or third 
degree 
atrioventricular 
block on 
electrocardiogram) 
• 
Pause MSC infusion. 
• 
Check vital signs and O2 saturation. 
• 
Administer additional anti-emetics if 
appropriate. 
• 
If bradycardia, perform an electrocardiogram. 
If patient is asymptomatic with first or second 
degree atrio-ventricular block on EKG, 
resume MSC infusion.  If symptomatic, stop 
infusion and administer atropine 0.5 -1mg.  
• 
If bradycardia is present and 
electrocardiogram shows third degree atrio-
ventricular block, consider placement of a 
temporary pacemaker.  Consult Cardiology. 
• 
Infuse remainder of previously non-thawed 
MSC after reasonable resolution of the signs 
and symptoms of an acute DMSO reaction 
and acquisition of hemodynamic stability. 
Infection/Endotoxemia 
 
The infusion of infected MSC 
products is usually fatal.  A 
rapid response to the acute 
adverse signs/symptoms of 
the infusion of the infected 
MSC may be life-saving. 
• 
hypotension 
• 
fever 
• 
oliguria/anuria 
• 
tachycardia 
• 
dyspnea/ 
hypoxemia 
• 
disseminated 
intravascular 
coagulation 
• 
signs/symptoms 
within “minutes” of 
MSC infusion 
• 
Stop the MSC infusion 
• 
Culture the recipient’s blood and the MSC 
product. 
• 
Immediately start broad spectrum antibiotics. 
The usual default should be vancomycin, 
meropenem or imipenim, and tobramycin. 
• 
Use hemodynamic support as appropriate 
(IV fluids +/- vasopressors). 
• 
Notify the BMT laboratory clinical scientists 
of the suspicion of an infected MSC product. 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 71 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix I: Mini-Bronchoalveolar Lavage Procedure 
 
Appendix I.  Mini-Bronchoalveolar Lavage Procedure 
 
The mini-BAL procedure involves blind specimen sampling from distal airspaces. Specimens are 
obtained with the CombicathTM (Plastimed) catheter that is commonly used for the diagnosis 
of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The catheter is introduced from its protective sheath into the 
endotracheal tube through a standard bronchoscopy adapter, and then gently advanced into the 
lungs until it becomes wedged in a distal airway. The catheter then is withdrawn approximately 3 
cm to allow room for the inner catheter to be advanced into the distal airway. This is 
accomplished by removing the white protective spacer and gently advancing the inner catheter to 
its full length and securing it to the outside catheter by slightly twisting it into the outside 
catheter. Then, two 30-mL syringes containing 20 mL normal saline and a 5mL air bolus are 
injected rapidly into the lungs. Once the air bolus clears the second syringe, gentle aspiration is 
applied to the syringe for approximately 10 seconds to retrieve as much of the instilled fluid as 
possible (usually 5-10 ml). When completed, the catheter is removed from the endotracheal tube. 
The recovered aspirated samples are then emptied into a standard screw-top specimen container 
used for BAL samples. If the clinical condition warrants it, 1 ml can be deposited into a sterile 
container to be sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture. 
 
Note: The mini- BAL procedure can be done with either one or two clinicians but it is easier to 
do (and typically more effective) when two clinicians are involved: one to advance, wedge, and 
manipulate the Combicath and the other to instill and aspirate the lavage. The patient should be 
pre-oxygenated on an FiO2 of 1.0 for 10 minutes prior to the procedure and routine endotracheal 
suctioning should be done first to remove sputum from the airways.  
 
After the mini- BAL, routine suction should be repeated to remove any excess BAL fluid that 
may be present in the airways. Assess patient’s oxygenation and ventilatory status and return 
patient to their baseline FiO2 when clinically indicated, usually within 5-10 minutes. The 
ventilator circuit should be returned to its original configuration by replacing the bronchoscopy 
swivel adapter with a clean adapter that was originally present in the circuit. 
 
The mini-BAL should NOT be performed under the following circumstances: 
1. FiO2 greater than 0.70 AND PEEP greater than 14 cm H2O 
2. Hemodynamic instability (despite fluid resuscitation/pressor support) 
3. Open external ventricular device or intracranial pressure greater than 15mmHg or unstable 
4. Most recent INR greater than 2.0 or PTT > 40 
5. Most recent Platelets less than 50x103/mm3 (within 36 hours of BAL) 
 
Since this is a study procedure, any associated adverse event should be reported as a study 
related event. Transient hypoxemia is considered an expected event for ARDS, but prolonged or 
severe hypoxemia following mini-BAL should be reported as an adverse event.
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 72 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Appendix J: Phase 2 Investigational Product Infusion Protocol 
 
Appendix J. START Phase 2 Investigational Product Infusion Protocol 
 
BACKGROUND:  Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are being tested in a placebo-
controlled trial as a novel therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several factors are 
essential to the safe administration of hMSCs. They include accurate identification of the donor, 
the recipient; the product; and the cell dose. Therapies that can damage hMSCs include 
hemodialysis. In addition, recognition and management of the potential side effects associated 
with hMSC infusion are also important. Toxicity from DMSO used to protect hMSCs during 
cryopreservation is not a major concern since the hMSCs will be washed after the thaw and prior 
to infusion; renal toxicity from red blood cell disruption during the freeze/thaw procedure is also 
not a concern since these cells are cultured prior to cryopreservation. 
 
Each study site will develop its own site-specific Standard Operating Procedure in support of this 
protocol. The site-specific standard operating procedure will be reviewed by the Coordinating 
Center prior to initiating the clinical trial at that site. 
 
 
1.  OBJECTIVES 
1.1 To ensure the safe and effective infusion of either clinical grade allogeneic bone marrow-
derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) or Plasmalyte A placebo. 
1.2 To ensure the administration of the full hMSC dose (10 million cells/kg predicted body 
weight).  
1.3 To blind investigators to the product being infused (hMSCs or placebo). 
 
 
2. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT  
2.1 250mL Normal Saline bag (delivered by BMT lab) 
2.2 Standard blood filter tubing Y set (170-260 micron filter): At UCSF Medical Center, this is 
Baxter 4C6772 (delivered by BMT lab) 
2.3 Opaque bag to blind investigational product bag (delivered by BMT lab) 
2.4 Semi-opaque tubing sleeve to cover tubing (delivered by BMT lab) 
2.5 Gloves (in ICU) 
2.6 One 3-way luer stopcock (in ICU) 
2.7 10mL luer-lock syringe (in ICU) 
 
 
3. POLICIES 
3.1 A study physician from the study must initiate and be present for the entire duration of the 
investigational product infusion. 
3.2 A study physician must write an order to administer the investigational product. 
3.3 For subjects randomized to receive hMSCs, the investigational product infusion must be 
completed within 4 hours of the start of the cell thaw protocol. To keep study investigators 
blinded, the investigational product expiration time will be documented on the 
investigational product bag by the bone marrow transplant (BMT) laboratory staff. This 
time will be 4 hours to the minute after the start of the cell thaw protocol. Placebo products 
will be assigned a product expiration time by the BMT lab to maintain blinding. Infusion 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 73 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Appendix J: Phase 2 Investigational Product Infusion Protocol 
 
supplies will be picked up from the laboratory by a study investigator or transported to the 
ICU by BMT laboratory staff. Product expiration time will be documented by the BMT lab 
on the START Infusion Record and will be reviewed with study personnel. The start and 
end of the infusion will be documented on the START Infusion Record.   
3.4 Never discard investigational product. In the event of an adverse reaction terminating the 
infusion, return any un-transfused product to the BMT laboratory immediately. 
3.5 No prophylactic pre-medications (e.g. acetaminophen or diphenhydramine) will be 
administered prior to the investigational product infusion.  If such medications are ordered 
by the clinical team and given prior to or during the infusion, however, their use does not 
preclude proceeding with the infusion. 
3.6 The following medications should be immediately available at the patient’s bedside during 
the infusion and the post-infusion monitoring period: epinephrine 1 mg for intravenous 
administration, 
hydrocortisone 
100 
mg 
for 
intravenous 
administration, 
and 
diphenhydramine 50 mg for intravenous administration. 
3.7 The investigational product can be infused via peripheral or central venous access.  If 
peripheral, the IV should preferably be 18 gauge, but no smaller than 20 gauge. 
3.8 Ideally a separate port or line should be used for the investigational product infusion. The 
infusion should not be “piggy backed” into a medication line. If absolutely necessary, a 
stopcock can be used at the lumen connection to create a separate, dedicated line for the 
investigational product infusion. Avoid administration with dextrose containing solutions; 
Normal saline, Plasmalyte, and Lactated Ringers are acceptable. 
3.9 Dialysis Patients:  Patients receiving intermittent dialysis may be dialyzed prior to the 
investigational product infusion, but should not be dialyzed until 24 hours or more after 
receiving the infusion if possible. Continuous renal replacement therapy will be allowed to 
continue during the hMSC or placebo infusion. 
3.10 Prone positioning: Patients must remain in the supine position for the duration of the 
infusion and the post-infusion observation period. 
3.11 Apply standard precautions and aseptic technique at all times. 
3.12 Verify patient’s identity per National Patient Safety Goals (two identifiers). (At UCSF 
Medical Center, the Department of Nursing Blood and Blood Components Administration 
Procedure should be followed). 
3.13 Monitor the patient for reaction to the investigational product infusion during 
administration (see Appendix H for potential side effects and symptom management 
guidelines). 
 
 
4. PROCEDURE 
4.1 Study Physician to write order for investigational product infusion. This order also 
confirms the date, and time of the investigational product infusion. No investigational 
product will be thawed, processed, or released from the BMT laboratory without this order. 
(At UCSF Medical Center: Fax infusion order to BMT Lab, fax #353-1227.  Confirm 
infusion time with BMT laboratory at 353-1789). 
4.2 Personnel from the BMT lab will set up IV tubing as follows: 250mL normal saline bag 
spiked on to one limb of “Y-set” standard blood filter tubing (170 - 260 micron filter 
tubing, for example Baxter 4C6772). The BMT lab will saline prime the blood filter tubing 
setup. The IV tubing will be covered with the blinding sleeve. 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 74 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Appendix J: Phase 2 Investigational Product Infusion Protocol 
 
4.3 The investigational product will be administered as 100 mL in a 300 mL transfer bag; this 
bag will be covered with an opaque bag to blind investigators to the content. The BMT 
laboratory will label both the transfer bag and the blinding bag with the patient identifiers, 
then spike the investigational product bag onto the saline-primed IV tubing. 
4.4 The Study Physician will: 
• 
Confirm that the patient has met criteria to receive the investigational product 
infusion: in addition to meeting inclusion criteria and having no exclusion criteria, the 
2 hour stable baseline period must have been achieved, and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio on a 
blood gas obtained during the last 30 minutes of the stable baseline prior to infusion 
cannot exceed 300. If the PaO2/FiO2 ratio is greater than 300, the patient is no longer 
eligible to receive the investigational product. 
• 
Follow National Patient Safety Goals to identify the patient (two identifiers).  (At 
UCSF Medical Center: Verify patient identification per Department of Nursing Blood 
and Blood Components Administration Procedure). 
• 
Verify that the signed consent is in the patient’s medical record. 
• 
Review the infusion order. 
• 
BMT lab personnel will review the information on the investigational product bag 
with the bedside RN or study physician for the following:   
• 
Recipient name/ID#  
• 
Recipient date of birth  
• 
Product expiration date/time 
One person should read the information on the product and a second person should compare it 
with the information on the paperwork and patient identification band. One of these two 
individuals should be a study investigator.  
• 
Prior to infusion, the study physician should ensure that the following medications are 
available at the patient’s bedside: 
• 
Epinephrine: 1 mg 
• 
Hydrocortisone: 100 mg 
• 
Benadryl: 50 mg 
4.5 The study physician will be present for the entire infusion procedure: 
• 
The investigational product bag will arrive from the BMT lab already spiked and attached 
to the saline-primed tubing, and covered with the semi-opaque sleeve. 
o 
The investigational product can be infused immediately after the product arrives at the 
bedside from the BMT laboratory and all patient checks have been completed. There is 
no need to wait for the bag to come to room temperature. 
• 
The study physician will attach the primed filter tubing to a three-way stopcock and the 
intravenous line through which the investigational product is to be infused. 
o 
Do NOT use bifuse tubing. DO NOT INFUSE THROUGH A NEEDLELESS CAP. 
• 
The study physician will confirm that all IV connections are secure and that the infusion 
lines from the investigational product bag to the patient are visible but covered with the 
semi-opaque sleeve. 
• 
Document the start date and time of the investigational product infusion on the START 
Infusion Record. 
• 
If there is accidental unblinding, contact CCC and the investigator on-call to discuss how to 
proceed. 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 75 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Appendix J: Phase 2 Investigational Product Infusion Protocol 
 
4.6 Start the infusion: 
• 
At each center, the priming volume of the filter set must be measured prior to enrollment of 
the first study patient:  
o 
For example, for Baxter 4C6772, the priming volume ranges from 80-100 mL, 
depending on the drip chamber prime volume 
o 
The drip chamber should not be primed to “full” since the infusion rate will be set 
based on the number of drops/minute that are used 
o 
The clamps CAN be opened and closed through the blinding tubing. If you are having 
difficulty opening and closing the clamps, however, you can cut a small vertical hole 
in the sleeve to allow direct access to the clamp. 
• 
Run HALF of the estimated priming volume in over 10-15 minutes, checking the drop rate 
at the start of the infusion and approximately 5 minutes later. These can be visualized 
through the semi-opaque tubing sleeve. The drop rate should be checked by counting the 
number of drops over 30 seconds and calculating the number of drops/minute. 
• 
Run the remain HALF of the estimated priming volume and the investigational product in 
over 50-60 minutes, checking the drop rate at the start of the infusion, approximately 5 
minutes after the start, and periodically throughout the infusion 
• 
For the Baxter 4C6772 filter set: 
o 
Infuse 40 mL over 10-15 minutes, calculating the drop rate/minute 
 
 
The # drops/mL for this priming set per the manufacturer is approximately 15 
 
Therefore 40 mL = 40 mL * 15 drop/mL = 600 drops 
 
600 drops/10 minutes = 60 drops/minute = 30 drops/30 seconds 
 
600 drops/15 minutes = 40 drops/minute = 20 drops/30 seconds 
 
Therefore the target infusion rate is 25-30 drops/30 seconds for the first 10 
minutes of the infusion 
o 
For the second half of the prime volume and 100 mL of product, 
 
(40 mL prime + 100 mL product) * 15 drops/mL = 2100 drops 
 
2100 drops/50 minutes = 42 drops/minute = 21 drops/30 seconds  
 
2100 drops/60 minutes = 35 drops/minute = 17.5 drops/30 seconds  
 
Therefore the target infusion rate is 18-20 drops/30 seconds for the next 60 
minutes 
4.7 Do not run normal saline concurrently with the investigational product. 
4.8 When the investigational product bag is empty, proceed to the RINSE AND FLUSH 
PROCEDURES (4.12) to rinse the bag and flush the line.  
4.9 If the investigational product does not infuse easily by gravity, you may attempt to attach 
the luer-lock syringe to the three-way stopcock and push the investigational product 
through line slowly (2-5 mL/min) via a syringe. 
4.10 We do not anticipate that clumping should be an issue since it was not an issue for Phase 1. 
However, save original filter set for the bone marrow transplant laboratory; they should 
visually examine the filter set for clumping prior to disposal. If clumping is significant and 
leads to unblinding of the bedside investigator or is noted by the BMT laboratory, contact 
the CCC and the investigator on call immediately. 
4.11 Monitoring:  
• 
Blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation will be continuously monitored for the 
duration of the infusion and documented every 15 minutes during the infusion. 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 76 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
Appendix J: Phase 2 Investigational Product Infusion Protocol 
 
• 
An arterial blood gas will be obtained within the 30 minutes prior to the start of the 
infusion (DURING the baseline stability period) and within 15 minutes of the end of the 
infusion. If the paO2/FiO2 ratio on the blood gas obtained during the baseline stability 
period is greater than 300, the patient should NOT receive the investigational product. 
• 
See Appendix H for potential side effects of the infusion. Monitor periodically during the 
infusion for these side effects.  If the patient experiences significant side effects, consider 
pausing or stopping infusion. 
4.12 RINSE AND FLUSH PROCEDURE: Approximately 100 mL of saline total should be 
used to rinse the investigational product bag and flush the line, ensuring that the 
investigational product has been rinsed from the bag and infused through the priming setup. 
The target infusion rate during the rinse and flush procedure is increased, as the 
patient has already received a large portion of the infusion, and the rinse is expected 
to be more dilute.  
• 
At the end of the infusion, rinse the investigational product bag with normal saline using 
this protocol. To do this: (1) Clamp the investigational product line to the patient (2) 
Unclamp the saline line and lower the investigational product bag to allow for saline to 
enter the investigational product bag; (3) After a small amount of saline (approximately 20 
mL) has entered the investigational product bag, reclamp the saline line; (4) Swirl the 
saline in the investigational product bag; (5) Re-hang the investigational product bag, then 
open the line and infuse the saline rinse from the investigational product bag into the 
patient until the bag is empty; (6) Finally, allow 80 mL (priming volume) of saline to run 
through the filter to flush the remaining rinse volume into the patient.  The rinse and flush 
volume should be infused over 20 minutes: 
 
(20 mL rinse + 80 mL flush) * 15 drops/mL = 1500 drops 
 
1500 drops/20 minutes = 75 drops/minute = 32.5 drops/30 seconds  
 
Therefore the target infusion rate for the rinse and flush is approximately 30 drops/30 
seconds for 20 minutes  
4.13 Investigational product bags and tubing should be returned to the BMT laboratory 
4.14 Obtain and document vital signs at completion of infusion. 
 
5. 
Documentation: 
5.1 Complete the Infusion Record. The Study Physician must perform patient assessment for 
any adverse events.  A copy of this infusion record should be placed in the patient’s paper 
medical record or scanned into the electronic medical record; a hard copy must also be sent 
to the local BMT lab and to the University of Minnesota. 
5.2 The study investigator will confirm with the bedside RN the total volume (investigational 
product and saline wash) used during the infusion procedure so this can be documented in 
the patient’s medical record.  
5.3 Study MD writes an event note documenting the procedure in the electronic medical 
record, including confirmation of the appropriate product and any complications or adverse 
reactions. 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential 
 
 

Michael A Matthay, MD 
 
Page 77 
University of California, San Francisco  
 Clinical Study Protocol UCSF-hMSC-ARDS-P1P2-06 
 
 
Appendix K: Barotrauma 
 
Appendix K. Barotrauma 
 
Evidence of barotrauma includes the following: 
• Pneumothorax 
• Bronchopleural fistula 
• Tracheobronchial fistula 
• Pneumomediastinum 
• Subcutaneous emphysema 
• Pneumoatocoele 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: February 17, 2015 
Confidential