The Interactive Effect of Social Norm and Self (vs. Others) Benefit Nudges on Downloads of COVID-19 Exposure Notification Smartphone Apps: A Randomized Trial
Phase: NA
Conditions: COVID-19
Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania

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Impact of Nudges on Downloads of COVID-19 Exposure Notification Smartphone Apps: A Randomized Trial 
NCT05080179 
Approved 11/23/2020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Basic Info 
Confirmation Number: 
dchebgci 
Protocol Number: 
844564 
Created By: 
DIXON, ERICA L 
Principal Investigator: 
VOLPP, KEVIN G 
Protocol Title: 
Message Testing for COVID Alert PA Exposure Notification App 
Short Title: 
Message Testing for COVID Alert PA 
Protocol Description:     The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health has released an exposure notification 
app - COVID Alert PA - statewide to aid in the COVID-19 fight. In order to increase uptake of the 
app, we will be conducting message testing in a variety of populations in order to measure what 
message has the most success in leading to uptake. Populations include patients within health 
systems, college students, and employees across the state. 
Submission Type: 
Social and Biological Sciences 
Application Type: 
EXPEDITED Category 7 
Name: 
Dept / School / Div: 
Campus Address 
Mail Code 
Address: 
VOLPP, KEVIN G 
10599 - ME-Division of Health Policy 
6021 
City State Zip: 
Phone: 
Fax: 
Pager: 
Email: 
HS Training Completed: 
Training Expiration Date: 
Name of course completed : 
GCP Training Completed: 
Training Expiration Date: 
Name of course completed : 
BLOCKLEY HALL 
423 GUARDIAN DR 
PHILADELPHIA PA 19104-6021 
215-573-0270 
- 
volpp70@wharton.upenn.edu 
Yes 
 
CME Credit for POR Expedited Review - SOM 
No 
Protocol Details 
 
 
Resubmission* 
No 
 
Hospital Sites 
Will any research activities and/or services be conducted at a Penn Medicine affiliated hospital site? 
No 
 
 
 
Study Personnel 
Principal Investigator 

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Name: 
Dept / School / Div: 
Campus Address 
Mail Code 
Address: 
DIXON, ERICA L 
10599 - ME-Division of Health Policy 
6021 
City State Zip: 
Phone: 
Fax: 
Pager: 
Email: 
HS Training Completed: 
Training Expiration Date: 
Name of course completed : 
GCP Training Completed: 
Training Expiration Date: 
Name of course completed : 
BLOCKLEY HALL 
423 GUARDIAN DR 
PHILADELPHIA PA 19104-6021 
6021 
 
erica.dixon@pennmedicine.upenn.edu 
Yes 
 
CITI Protection of Human Subjects Research Training - ORA 
No 
Name: 
Dept / School / Div: 
Campus Address 
Mail Code 
Address: 
City State Zip: 
Phone: 
Fax: 
Pager: 
Email: 
HS Training Completed: 
Training Expiration Date: 
Name of course completed : 
GCP Training Completed: 
Training Expiration Date: 
Name of course completed : 
SHARIF, MARISSA A 
707 - Marketing 
masharif@wharton.upenn.edu 
Yes 
 
CITI Protection of Human Subjects Research Training - ORA 
No 
Study Contacts 
 
Other Investigator 
 
Responsible Org (Department/School/Division): 
 
10599 - ME-Division of Health Policy 
 
Key Study Personnel 
None 
 
Disclosure of Significant Financial Interests* 
Does any person who is responsible for the design, conduct, or reporting of this research protocol have 
a FINANCIAL INTEREST? 

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No 
 
Penn Intellectual Property* 
To the best of the Principal Investigator's knowledge, does this protocol involve the testing, 
development or evaluation of a drug, device, product, or other type of intellectual property (IP) that is 
owned by or assigned to the University of Pennsylvania? 
No 
 
Certification 
I have reviewed the Financial Disclosure and Presumptively Prohibited Conflicts for Faculty 
Participating in Clinical Trials and the Financial Disclosure Policy for Research and Sponsored 
Projects with all persons who are responsible for the design, conduct, or reporting of this research; and 
all required Disclosures have been attached to this application. 
Yes 
 
 
 
Social and Biological Sciences 
Study Instruments 
Discuss the particulars of the research instruments, questionnaires and other evaluation instruments in 
detail. Provide validation documentation and or procedures to be used to validate instruments. For well 
know and generally accepted test instruments the detail here can be brief. More detail may be required 
for a novel or new instrument. For ethnographic studies identify any study instruments to be used (i.e. 
for deception studies) and describe in detail where, when and how the study will be conducted and who 
or what are the subjects of study. Note: For more information on how to conduct ethical and valid 
ethnographic research, follow the link For oral histories or interviews provide the general framework 
for questioning and means of data collection. If interviews or groups settings are to be audio taped or 
video taped describe in detail the conditions under which it will take place. Include a copy of any novel 
or new test instruments with the IRB submission. 
Study instruments will be e-mails sent to patients, employees, and/or students through the institution 
that is contacting individuals about the app. E-mails will always contain basic information about 
COVID Alert PA and a link to download - they will also include message variations based on what the 
institution wants to test, including messages emphasizing data privacy and security, social norming, 
individual vs. community protection, and more. See attached file for a sample draft message and 
variation. 
 
Group Modifications 
Describe necessary changes that will or have been made to the study instruments for different groups. 
Groups will all receive the basic e-mail with background information on COVID Alert PA and a 
download link. Messages will vary between groups with message variations including emphasizing data 
privacy and security, social norming, individual vs. community protection, and more. 
 
Method for Assigning Subjects to Groups 
Describe how subjects will be randomized to groups. 
Institutions will be responsible for selecting the group of subjects within their institution to send e-mails 
to, and will randomize from that group to 1 of 2 conditions. We will assist with randomization 
recommendations as needed. 
 
Administration of Surveys and/or Process 
Describe the approximate time and frequency for administering surveys and/or evaluations. For surveys, 
questionnaires and evaluations presented to groups and in settings such as high schools, focus group 
sessions or community treatment centers explain how the process will be administered and who will 
oversee the process. For instance, discuss the potential issues of having teachers and other school 
personnel administer instruments to minors who are students especially if the content is sensitive in 
nature. Describe the procedure for audio and videotaping individual interviews and/or focus groups and 
the storage of the tapes. For instance, if audio tape recording is to be used in a classroom setting, 
describe how this will be managed if individuals in the class are not participating in the study. Explain 
if the research involves the review of records (including public databases or registries) with identifiable 

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private information. If so, describe the type of information gathered from the records and if identifiers 
will be collected and retained with the data after it is retrieved. Describe the kinds of identifiers to be 
obtained, (i.e. names, social security numbers) and how long the identifiers will be retained and 
justification for use. 
E-mails will be sent through the institutions directly. 
 
Data Management 
Describe how and who manages confidential data, including how and where it will be stored and 
analyzed. For instance, describe if paper or electronic report forms will be used, how corrections to the 
report form will be made, how data will be entered into any database, and the person(s) responsible for 
creating and maintaining the research database. Describe the use of pseudonyms, code numbers and 
how listing of such identifiers will be kept separate from the research data. 
Data reported back to the research team will include open rate of e-mails, click through rate of e-mails, 
and any deidentified demographic information associated with these rates that is available from the 
institution. No confidential or identifiable information will be shared with our research team. All 
information and data received back from institutions will be stored on Penn Box. 
 
Radiation Exposure* 
Are research subjects receiving any radiation exposure (e.g. X-rays, CT, Fluoroscopy, DEXA, pQCT, 
FDG, Tc-99m, etc.) that they would not receive if they were not enrolled in this protocol? 
No 
 
Human Source Material* 
Does this research include collection or use of human source material (i.e., human blood, blood 
products, tissues or body fluids)? 
No 
 
CACTIS and CT Studies* 
Does the research involve Center for Advanced Computed Tomography Imaging Services (CACTIS) 
and CT studies that research subjects would not receive if they were not part of this protocol? 
No 
 
CAMRIS and MRI Studies* 
Does the research involve Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy 
(CAMRIS) and MRI studies that research subjects would not receive if they were not part of this 
protocol? 
No 
 
Cancer Related research not being conducted by an NCI cooperative group* 
Does this protocol involve cancer-related studies in any of the following categories? 
No 
 
Medical Information Disclosure* 
Does the research proposal involve the use and disclosure of research subject's medical information for 
research purposes? 
No 
 
CTRC Resources* 
Does the research involve CTRC resources? 
No 
 
If the answer is YES, indicate which items is is provided with this submission: 
 
 
Use of UPHS services* 
Does your study require the use of University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) services, tests or 
procedures*, whether considered routine care or strictly for research purposes? 
No 
 
Primary Focus* 
Sociobehavioral (i.e. observational or interventional) 

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Sociobehavioral (i.e. cognitive or behavioral therapy) 
Drug 
Device - therapeutic 
Device - diagnostic (assessing a device for sensitivity or specificity in disease diagnosis) 
Surgical 
Diagnostic test/procedure (research-related diagnostic test or procedure) 
Obtaining human tissue for basic research or biospecimen bank 
Survey instrument 
x None of the above 
Name: 
Dept / School / Div: 
Phone: 
Fax: 
Pager: 
Email: 
KENNEDY-SMITH, NANCY 
10599 - ME-Division of Health Policy 
215-573-2769 
215-573-8778 
KENNEDYN@pennmedicine.upenn.edu 
Name: 
Type: 
PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 
UPENN Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 
Protocol Interventions 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
 
Sponsors 
Business Administrator 
 
Department budget code 
 
400 - 400 - 4 - 580184 - 5xxx - 2446 - 2398 
 
Funding Sponsors 
 
Funding sponsors billing address 
If you have selected a commercial or industry sponsor, please provide the appropriate address and 
contact information for the Sponsor for the purposes of billing for IRB review fees (initial review, 
continuing review and convened modification fees apply here). If the Sponsor is not industry/ 
commercial, this information is not necessary to provide with your application. 
 
Funding sponsors gift 
Is this research being funded by a philanthropic gift? 
No 
 
Regulatory Sponsor 
IND Sponsor 
 
none 

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400 - 400 - 4 - 580184 - 5xxx - 2446 - 2398 
 
Industry Sponsor 
 
None 
 
Project Funding* 
Is this project funded by or associated with a grant or contract? 
Yes 
 
Selected Proposals 
Proposal No 
Title 
10079300 
Rapid Validation and Behavioral Economics to Increase Enrollment and Engagement with Digital Con 
 
Sponsor Funding 
Is this study funded by an industry sponsor? 
No 
 
Status of contract 
 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
 
Multi-Center Research 
Penn as lead 
1. Is this a multi-center study where Penn is serving as the Lead Site or the Penn PI is serving as the 
Lead Investigator? 
No 
Management of Information for Multi-Center Research 
Penn irb of record 
2. Is this a multi-center study where the Penn IRB will be asked to serve as the IRB of Record for other 
external study sites? 
No 
 
Other Sites 
No other sites 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Protocol 
Abstract 
PA DOH rolled out a digital contact tracing/exposure notification app statewide in September called 
COVID Alert PA. Digital contact tracing apps such as COVID Alert PA can help to quickly notify 
people who may have been in contact with a person testing positive for COVID-19. We will deploy 
message testing via e-mail to better understand what motivates people to download the app, at 
institutions ranging from health systems, to colleges and universities, to employers in the state of PA. 
The results of the research will be used to aid in the uptake of COVID Alert PA across the 

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Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
Objectives 
Overall objectives 
To understand what message strategies work best to increase downloads of COVID Alert PA by a 
variety of groups, including patients, students, and employees of PA state employers. 
 
Primary outcome variable(s) 
The primary outcome variable is click through rate to the download link embedded in e-mails. 
 
Secondary outcome variable(s) 
Open rate of e-mails. 
 
Background 
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania released a digital contact tracing/exposure notification app 
(COVID Alert PA) statewide in early September to aid in the COVID-19 fight. Contact tracing is used 
by public health authorities to contact and give guidance to anyone who has been near someone with 
COVID-19, but is hindered both by compliance issues and situations where a person does not know the 
names of people they may have been in contact with. Digital contact tracing apps such as COVID Alert 
PA can help to quickly notify people who may have been in contact with a person testing positive for 
COVID-19. The app uses Bluetooth to sense when phones with the app installed are in close proximity 
with each, and exchange digital handshakes containing random IDs between the phones. The app does 
not collect name, location, or movements and the data is collected and stored only on the phone itself 
until the person choose to release it. Through IRB# 843861 - Understanding Enrollment and 
Engagement with a Digital Contact Tracing App in the State of Pennsylvania we have been deploying 
surveys to measure why people may or may not download the app. The results of the survey are being 
used to aid in the development of strategies to increase the uptake of the application in the state of 
Pennsylvania. In order to test which messages may increase rates of download, we will help institutions 
such as health systems, colleges and universities, and businesses and employers with message testing to 
see what strategies work best to increase uptake. 
 
Study Design 
Phase* 
Not applicable 
 
Design 
Participants will be randomized as to what message they receive in their e-mail; as all communication 
will be done via e-mail, this is considered internet research. 
 
Study duration 
This study will be ongoing for the duration of the COVID Alert PA app deployment, currently estimated 
to run through 06/30/2021. A subject's participation depends on the amount of time it take for them to 
read the e-mail and click through to download, if they choose; estimated at 3-5 minutes. We propose to 
start this on November 30th, 2020. 
 
Resources necessary for human research protection 
Describe research staff and justify that the staff are adequate in number and qualifications to conduct 
the research. Describe how you will ensure that all staff assisting with the research are adequately 
informed about the protocol and their research related duties. Please allow adequate time for the 
researchers to conduct and complete the research. Please confirm that there are adequate facilities for 
the research. 
PI: Kevin Volpp Co-I's: Marissa Sharif, Laura Gibson Design Strategist: Carolina Garzon-Mrad Project 
Manager: Erica Dixon Data Analyst: Elizabeth Bair All research staff are currently working on IRB# 
843861 - Understanding Enrollment and Engagement with a Digital Contact Tracing App in the State of 
Pennsylvania, which is an exempt survey project researching motivations for downloading, or not 
downloading, COVID Alert PA, and thus are adequately aware of the application, the protocol, and their 
research related duties. As this is internet based research, there are no facilities required for this 
research beyond current work environments. 

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Children Form 
Pregnant women (if the study procedures may affect the condition of the pregnant woman or 
fetus) Form 
Fetuses and/or Neonates Form 
Prisoners Form 
Other 
x None of the above populations are included in the research study 
Characteristics of the Study Population 
Target population 
Adult residents of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 
 
Subjects enrolled by Penn Researchers 
10000 
 
Subjects enrolled by Collaborating Researchers 
50000 
 
Accrual 
Populations will be identified by institutions who are interested in message testing and outreach for 
COVID Alert PA. Based on an institution's predicted open rate of e-mails, we will create estimates for # 
of subjects needed for sample size to make comparisons between groups (ideally n=250 as the 
minimum per condition, though in a smaller institution, this may not be possible). 
 
Key inclusion criteria 
18 and over Resident of PA 
 
Key exclusion criteria 
Under age 18 Not a resident of PA 
 
Vulnerable Populations 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
Populations vulnerable to undue influence or coercion 
N/A 
 
Subject recruitment 
Identification and recruitment is done by the institution interested in doing message testing - we will 
provide the messages, and they will send out to their target audiences. We will provide guidance as 
necessary in terms of numbers for testing messages. 
 
 
Will the recruitment plan propose to use any Penn media services (communications, marketing, etc.) for 
outreach via social media avenues (examples include: Facebook, Twitter, blogging, texting, etc.) or does 
the study team plan to directly use social media to recruit for the research? 
Yes 
 
 
Please identify which method(s) of social media you will utilize, the content of the text to be used, and 
the method(s) for posting this information (i.e., using Penn supported communication services). When 
proposing the text to utilize, please be aware of any social media limitations (i.e., number of characters 
allowed in a tweet) and any appropriate confidentiality practices necessary to be compliant with posting 

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research recruitment text.* 
Message testing is likely to include subjects in a variety of roles at Penn such as Penn Medicine 
patients, undergraduate students, employees of Penn Vet, and any other department or org that is 
interested in message testing. Therefore, Penn communications or marketing may be involved in 
sending the e-mails out to subjects, however, there is no recruitment to the study in a traditional sense, 
as we are simply measuring link clicks in e-mails. 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
Subject compensation* 
Will subjects be financially compensated for their participation? 
No 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
If there is subject compensation, provide the schedule for compensation per study visit or session 
and total amount for entire participation, either as text or separate document 
 
 
 
 
Study Procedures 
Suicidal Ideation and Behavior 
Does this research qualify as a clinical investigation that will utilize a test article (ie- drug or biological) 
which may carry a potential for central nervous system (CNS) effect(s)? 
No 
 
Procedures 
1. Institution will identify population of interest for receiving e-mails about COVID Alert PA 2. 
Research team will provide messages to test, and recommendations for # of subjects per message 3. 
Institution will randomize to group and send e-mails to population of interest, tracking open rate and 
click through rate 4. Institution will return data to research team regarding # of e-mails sent, open rate 
and click through rate by message, and any de-identified demographic information of interest to 
institution and research team 5. The only potential follow-up for participants would be receiving 
additional e-mails from the institution about COVID Alert PA 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
Deception 
Does your project use deception? 
No 
 
International Research 
Are you conducting research outside of the United States? 
No 
 
Analysis Plan 
Descriptive statistics, two-sample t-tests for percent download between message groups 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 

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Paper-based records will be kept in a secure location and only be accessible to personnel involved 
in the study. 
x Computer-based files will only be made available to personnel involved in the study through the 
use of access privileges and passwords. 
Prior to access to any study-related information, personnel will be required to sign statements 
agreeing to protect the security and confidentiality of identifiable information. 
x Wherever feasible, identifiers will be removed from study-related information. 
A Certificate of Confidentiality will be obtained, because the research could place the subject at 
risk of criminal or civil liability or cause damage to the subject's financial standing, 
employability, or liability. 
x A waiver of documentation of consent is being requested, because the only link between the 
subject and the study would be the consent document and the primary risk is a breach of 
confidentiality. (This is not an option for FDA-regulated research.) 
Precautions are in place to ensure the data is secure by using passwords and encryption, because 
the research involves web-based surveys. 
Audio and/or video recordings will be transcribed and then destroyed to eliminate audible 
identification of subjects. 
Data confidentiality 
 
Subject Confidentiality 
Researchers will only receive de-identified data from institutions, there is no risk to subject 
confidentiality 
 
Sensitive Research Information* 
Does this research involve collection of sensitive information about the subjects that should be excluded 
from the electronic medical record? 
No 
 
Subject Privacy 
Privacy refers to the person's desire to control access of others to themselves. Privacy concerns people, 
whereas confidentiality concerns data. Describe the strategies to protect privacy giving consideration to 
the following: The degree to which privacy can be expected in the proposed research and the safeguards 
that will be put into place to respect those boundaries. The methods used to identify and contact 
potential participants. The settings in which an individual will be interacting with an investigator. The 
privacy guidelines developed by relevant professions, professional associations and scholarly 
disciplines (e.g., psychiatry, genetic counseling, oral history, anthropology, psychology). 
Subjects will not interact with researchers, only with their own institutions 
 
Data Disclosure 
Will the data be disclosed to anyone who is not listed under Personnel? 
Only de-identified and aggregate data will be disclosed in reporting to the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania. 

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Name 
Street address, city, county, precinct, zip code, and equivalent geocodes 
All elements of dates (except year) for dates directly related to an individual and all ages over 89 
Telephone and fax number 
Electronic mail addresses 
Social security numbers 
Medical record numbers 
Health plan ID numbers 
Account numbers 
Certificate/license numbers 
Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers, including license plate numbers 
Device identifiers/serial numbers 
Web addresses (URLs) 
Internet IP addresses 
Biometric identifiers, incl. finger and voice prints 
Full face photographic images and any comparable images 
Any other unique identifying number, characteristic, or code 
x None 
Data Protection* 
 
 
Does your research request both a waiver of HIPAA authorization for collection of patient information 
and involve providing Protected Health Information ("PHI") that is classified as a "limited data set" 
(city/town/state/zip code, dates except year, ages less than 90 or aggregate report for over 90) to a 
recipient outside of the University of Pennsylvania covered entity? 
No 
 
Tissue Specimens Obtained as Part of Research* 
Are Tissue Specimens being obtained for research? 
No 
 
Tissue Specimens - Collected during regular care* 
Will tissue specimens be collected during regulator clinical care (for treatment or diagnosis)? 
No 
 
Tissue Specimens - otherwise discarded* 
Would specimens otherwise be discarded? 
No 
 
Tissue Specimens - publicly available* 
Will tissue specimens be publicly available? 
No 
 
Tissue Specimens - Collected as part of research protocol* 
Will tissue specimens be collected as part of the research protocol? 
No 
 
Tissue Specimens - Banking of blood, tissue etc. for future use* 
Does research involve banking of blood, tissue, etc. for future use? 
No 
 
Genetic testing 
If genetic testing is involved, describe the nature of the tests, including if the testing is predicative or 
exploratory in nature. If predictive, please describe plan for disclosing results to subjects and provision 

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of genetic counseling. Describe how subject confidentiality will be protected Note: If no genetic testing 
is to be obtained, write: "Not applicable." 
Not applicable. 
 
 
 
Consent 
1. Consent Process 
Overview 
Requesting waiver of informed consent 
 
Children and Adolescents 
N/A 
 
Adult Subjects Not Competent to Give Consent 
N/A 
 
2. Waiver of Consent 
Waiver or Alteration of Informed Consent* 
Waiver or alteration of required elements of consent 
 
Minimal Risk* 
The research involves no more than minimal risk - participants will be sent e-mails from their 
institution recommending COVID Alert PA, including a link to download. 
 
Impact on Subject Rights and Welfare* 
Subjects are not required to open the e-mail, read the e-mail, or click on the link in the e-mail, similar to 
any other e-mail campaign they may receive from their institution. Link clicks are commonly tracked 
by organizations, and do not require written consent outside of the research context. 
 
Waiver Essential to Research* 
In our prior study - IRB# 843861 - Understanding Enrollment and Engagement with a Digital Contact 
Tracing App in the State of Pennsylvania - we have asked people what they may do, or are likely to do, 
if presented with the opportunity to download COVID Alert PA. In this context, we want to measure 
what people would actually do when provided the opportunity to download as suggested by their 
institution via e-mail. Without a waiver of consent, subjects may be influenced in their response via the 
process of being informed about the research and going through the consent process. 
 
Additional Information to Subjects 
Institutions may chose to send additional information about COVID Alert PA to recipients of e-mails. 
 
Written Statement of Research* 
No 
 
If no written statement will be provided, please provide justificiation 
 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
 
Risk / Benefit 
Potential Study Risks 
N/A - no potential risks are associated with the research, other than any that would be associated with 
typical behaviors of opening e-mail or clicking a link 

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Potential Study Benefits 
Individuals may benefit if they chose to download the COVID Alert PA app, but other than that there is 
no direct benefit to subjects. Benefits may accrue to society in general if messaging strategies to 
increase app downloads aid in uptake of the app which has benefit in slowing the spread of COVID-19. 
 
Alternatives to Participation (optional) 
Subjects may simply not open the e-mail or not click on the link in the e-mail. Subjects may also 
download COVID Alert PA at any time - this study does not provide preferential access. 
 
Data and Safety Monitoring 
Principal Investigator (Kevin Volpp) and Project Manager (Erica Dixon) will monitor data and safety, 
ensuring that no personally identifiable information is sent along with deidentified data. 
 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
 
There are no documents attached for this item. 
 
Risk / Benefit Assessment 
Minimal risk, no more than those ordinarily encountered in daily life. Potential benefits will be to 
society at large if the findings help frame appropriate public education efforts around COVID-19 digital 
contact tracing apps. 
 
 
 
General Attachments 
The following documents are currently attached to this item: 
Cover Letter (irbcoverletterforpadohcovidalertpa11.192020.docx) 
Additional forms (examplee-mail-privacyvariation.docx)