A Second Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Cytisinicline in Adult Smokers
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Smoking Cessation
Sponsor: Achieve Life Sciences

Protocol ACH-CYT-04 (ORCA-3 Trial) 
A Second Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized,  
Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy 
and Safety of Cytisinicline in Adult Smokers  
 
November 15, 2021 
 
Version 2.0 
 
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
 
 
 
   
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SYNOPSIS . 
Protocol Number:  ACH-CYT-04 (ORCA-3 Trial) 
Sponsor: Achieve Life Sciences 
Title of Study: A Second Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase 
3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Cytisinicline in Adult Smokers 
Clinical Phase: Phase 3 
Study Population: Male or female subjects ≥18 years who are daily cigarette smokers 
intending to make a quit attempt during the study. 
Rationale: (-)-Cytisine is a naturally occurring plant-based alkaloid that is believed to 
reduce the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms by targeting nicotinic acetylcholine 
receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. Cytisine administered using a 1.5 mg dose in a downward 
titration schedule over 25 days has been used as a smoking cessation drug since the 1980’s 
in Central and Eastern European countries, where initial clinical studies were conducted. 
Previous studies dating from decades ago and more current Phase 3 studies (published in 
2011, 2014, and 2021) have shown that cytisine can be more effective than placebo or 
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and as effective as varenicline in helping smokers to 
stop smoking. In 2018, the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council adopted 
"cytisinicline" as the nonproprietary, or generic, name for cytisine. 
In the 2011 published Phase 3 study that evaluated cytisine versus placebo in 740 primarily 
moderate-to-heavy smokers treated for 25 days in Poland, the RR (relative risk) for 
sustained 6-month abstinence was 2.9 (10.0% cytisine arm compared to 3.5% placebo arm; 
P<0.001).1 In the 2014 published Phase 3 study that evaluated cytisine for 25 days versus 
NRT for 8 weeks in 1,310 adult daily smokers in New Zealand, the RR for continuous six-
month abstinence was 1.4 for cytisine (22% cytisine arm compared to 15% in the NRT arm; 
P=0.002).2 In the 2021 published Phase 3 study that evaluated cytisine for 25 days with a 
low maintenance dose versus varenicline for 12 weeks in 679 adult indigenous Māori 
smokers in New Zealand, the RR for 6 months abstinence was 1.55 for cytisine (12.1% 
cytisine arm compared to 7.9% in the varenicline arm).3 
Data from the international EAGLES trial (N=8,120) were used to assess predictors for 
continuous smoking abstinence outcomes from Weeks 9-24.4 These analyses provided clear 
evidence that US origin was associated with lower success rates of stopping, regardless of 
treatment (varenicline, bupropion, or NRT). The continuous abstinence rates from 
9-24 weeks in the US were 16.1%, 11.4% and 10.6% for varenicline, bupropion, or NRT 
respectively, compared to 6.7% placebo treatment. The odds ratios (OR) for these 
treatments in the US were 2.66, 1.78, and 1.64 respectively. The lower success rate in US 
smokers supports the view that smokers in the US may have reached a point in the tobacco 
epidemic such that those who continue to smoke, despite strong cultural pressures not to 
smoke, have particular characteristics that make it more difficult for them to stop smoking. 
This highlights the need for more effective treatments for treating smokers in the US. 

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Studies have been conducted by Achieve Life Sciences evaluating cytisinicline at 1.5 mg 
and 3 mg dose levels in the downward 25-day titration schedule as well as in a simplified 
three times daily (TID) schedule. The 3 mg TID schedule for cytisinicline in the 
ACH-CYT-09 Phase 2b (ORCA-1) trial showed the highest level of prolonged abstinence 
starting from the End-of-Treatment (Week 4) through Week 8 (abstinence rate of 30% 
compared to 8% for placebo [p=0.005]). The 3 mg TID schedule also showed a well-
tolerated safety profile and treatment compliance was high at 97.6%. Since the 3 mg TID 
schedule is a more simplified schedule and showed significantly higher abstinence at 30%, 
longer treatment could possibly increase the abstinence rate. The Phase 3 program for 
cytisinicline includes two separate Phase 3 trials that are evaluating 3 mg cytisinicline TID 
as a slightly longer treatment duration of 42 days/6 weeks (instead of 25 days) as well as 
repeating that duration for a total of 84 days/12 weeks treatment (similar to the duration of 
varenicline treatment). The first Phase 3 (ORCA-2) trial has completed enrollment but is 
ongoing in study evaluations. This second Phase 3 (ORCA-3) study mirrors the ORCA-2 
trial in study design, safety/efficacy evaluations, and statistical criteria, while being 
conducted in parallel at different clinical sites. 
All subjects are to receive standard behavioral support for smoking cessation during the 
study. Subjects are to be randomized to one of three arms A, B, or C, where the intended 
interventions are placebo for 12 weeks plus behavioral support (Arm A), 3 mg cytisinicline 
TID for 6 weeks followed by placebo for 6 weeks plus behavioral support (Arm B), and 
3 mg cytisinicline TID for 12 weeks plus behavioral support (Arm C).  
The primary outcome measure is abstinence during the last 4 weeks of cytisinicline 
treatment compared to the placebo arm (Weeks 3-6 for comparison of Arm B vs Arm A; 
Weeks 9-12 for comparison of Arm C vs Arm A). The secondary outcome measure is 
abstinence continuing to Week 24 post randomization in the cytisinicline arms compared to 
the placebo arm (Weeks 6-24 for comparison of Arm B vs Arm A; Weeks 12-24 for 
comparison of Arm C vs Arm A). If the primary outcome of abstinence is significant for 
both 6 and 12 weeks of cytisinicline treatment, reduction in risk of relapse for those subjects 
achieving abstinence within a Week 3-6 period will be compared in Arm C vs Arm B from 
Week 7 to Week 24. 
In addition, the study will compare the safety profiles of 3 mg TID dosing for 6 weeks 
(Arm B) and 12 weeks (Arm C), relative to placebo (Arm A). 
Objectives:  
Multiple Primary Efficacy Objectives:  
The multiple primary objectives are based on two comparisons where study success can be 
based on success for either comparison: 
1. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm B (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 6 weeks 
followed by placebo TID for 6 weeks plus behavioral support) have a higher 
probability of abstinence from Week 3 to Week 6 post-randomization as compared to 
subjects randomized to Arm A (placebo TID plus behavioral support). 
2. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm C (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 12 weeks 
plus behavioral support) have a higher probability of abstinence from Week 9 to 

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Week 12 post-randomization as compared to subjects randomized to Arm A 
(placebo TID plus behavioral support). 
Secondary Efficacy Objectives:  
The analysis for secondary objectives 1 and 2 will be done only if the corresponding 
primary comparison passes statistical criterion. 
1. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm B (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 6 weeks 
followed by placebo TID for 6 weeks plus behavioral support) have a higher 
probability of continuous abstinence from Week 6 to Week 24 post-randomization 
as compared to subjects randomized to Arm A (placebo TID plus behavioral 
support).  
2. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm C (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 12 weeks 
plus behavioral support) have a higher probability of continuous abstinence from 
Week 12 to Week 24 post-randomization as compared to subjects randomized to 
Arm A (placebo TID plus behavioral support). 
The analysis for secondary objective 3 will be conditional and performed only if both 
primary comparisons 1 and 2 pass statistical criterion. 
3. Assess for a reduction in risk of relapse from Week 6 to Week 24 in subjects 
receiving 3 mg cytisinicline for 6 weeks and then either continue 3 mg cytisinicline 
from Week 6 to Week 12 (Arm C) or were switched to placebo from Week 6 to 
Week 12 (Arm B). Subjects not abstinent at Week 6 will be regarded as having 
relapsed. 
Other Objectives: 
1. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on 7-day point prevalence 
abstinence weekly at Week 2 to Week 12, then for Weeks 16, 20, and 24. 
2. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on serum cotinine levels 
every other week at Week 2 to Week 12, then at Weeks 16, 20, and 24. 
3. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on expired CO levels every 
week at Week 2 through Week 12, then at Weeks 16, 20, and 24. 
4. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on use of any non-cigarette 
nicotine products, including vaping, during study treatment (Week 2 through 
Week 12) and study follow-up (Week 16 through Week 24). 
5. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm B have a higher probability of 
abstinence from Week 9 to Week 12 as compared to subjects randomized to Arm A 
(placebo).  
6. Assess among the subset of subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 3 to 
Week 6, whether subjects randomized to Arm B have a higher probability of 
continuous abstinence from Week 3 to Week 24 post-randomization as compared to 
subjects randomized to Arm A.  
 

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7. Assess among the subset of subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 3 to 
Week 6, whether subjects randomized to Arm C have a higher probability of 
continuous abstinence at Week 24 post-randomization as compared to subjects 
randomized to Arm B. 
8. Assess among the subset of subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 9 to 
Week 12, whether subjects randomized to Arm C have a higher probability of 
continuous abstinence from Week 9 to Week 24 post-randomization as compared to 
subjects randomized to Arm A. 
9. Among subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 3 to Week 6, compare time to 
failure to maintain abstinence between arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) 
to Week 24. 
10. To explore the magnitude of treatment effect between arms across various 
subgroups defined by demographic and baseline characteristics for the primary and 
secondary outcomes.  
11. To explore potential relationships between subject-reported outcomes (eg, anxiety, 
depression, withdrawal symptoms, tobacco craving) and the primary and secondary 
outcomes.  
12. To assess possible withdrawal symptoms at Week 7 in Arm B subjects who will 
have discontinued cytisinicline at Week 6, analyzing separately for nicotine status 
(eg, either smoking, abstinent, or if using other nicotine products including vaping 
or nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) compared to Arms A and C.  
Safety Objectives:  
1. To evaluate the safety profile of 3 mg TID cytisinicline compared to placebo 
(Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A). 
2. To compare the safety profiles of Arm B subjects versus Arm C subjects with 
respect to adverse events occurring after Week 6 on the study. 
Study Design:  
This trial mirrors the Phase 3 ACH-CYT-03 (ORCA-2) study by enrolling a similar target 
population, and using the same objectives, procedures and analyses in order to demonstrate 
additional efficacy and safety results for cytisinicline. This will be a multi-center, double-
blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 study conducted in male or female adults 
who are daily cigarette smokers, intending to quit smoking, and are willing to set a quit date 
that is within 5-7 days of the start of treatment. Study treatment must start the day after 
randomization.  
Subjects must meet all requirements outlined in the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 
Approximately 750 subjects will be randomly assigned with equal probability to one of 
three Arms: (Arm A, 12 weeks placebo: N=250; Arm B, 6 weeks cytisinicline followed by 
6 weeks placebo: N=250; Arm C, 12 weeks of cytisinicline: N=250) as shown in the study 
design figure below. 

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Each randomized subject will receive 12 weeks of treatment using a TID dosing schedule. 
Smoking cessation assessments will begin on Week 2 (Day 14±1 post-randomization) and 
will continue weekly during the Treatment Period through the Weeks 16, 20 and 24 Follow-
up Period visits by the subject’s self-report of abstinence with carbon monoxide (CO) 
biochemical verification.  
All subjects will receive concurrent smoking cessation behavioral support during the study 
Treatment Period (Weeks 1-12). Additional behavioral support will be provided during the 
Follow-up Period based on issues/concerns/questions raised by the subject. 
Safety assessments at clinic visits will occur on Day 7 (Week 1) and then weekly 
throughout the Treatment Period. Laboratory hematology and chemistry assessments will be 
made on Day 7, Week 6, and Week 12 during the Treatment Period. Any ongoing adverse 
events at Week 12 will be followed until resolved or determined to be chronic. The end of 
study is defined as the last follow-up visit (up to the Week 24 visit) for the last subject. 
Selection Criteria 
Inclusion Criteria: 
1. Male or female subjects, age ≥18 years.  
2. Current daily cigarette smokers (averaging at least 10 cigarettes per day upon 
completing a 7-day screening smoking diary) and who intend to quit smoking.  
3. Expired air carbon monoxide (CO) ≥10 ppm. 
4. Failed at least one previous attempt to stop smoking with or without therapeutic 
support. 
5. Willing to initiate study treatment on the day after randomization and set a quit date 
within 5-7 days of starting treatment. 
6. Willing to actively participate in the study’s smoking cessation behavioral support 
provided throughout the study. 
 
 
R 
A 
N 
D 
O 
M 
I 
Z 
E 
Arm A 
Placebo 
12 Weeks + Behavioral Support 
Arm B 
Cytisinicline 
6 Weeks + Behavioral Support, followed by 
Placebo 
6 Weeks + Behavioral Support 
 
 
 
 
S 
C 
R 
E 
E 
N 
F 
O 
L 
L 
O 
W 
 
U 
P 
Arm C 
Cytisinicline 
12 Weeks + Behavioral Support 

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7. Able to fully understand study requirements, willing to participate, and comply with 
dosing schedule. 
8. Sign the Informed Consent Form. 
Exclusion criteria: 
1. More than 1 study participant in same household during the 12-week treatment 
period. 
2. Previous cytisinicline treatment in a prior clinical study or any other cytisine usage. 
3. Known hypersensitivity to cytisinicline or any of the excipients.  
4. Positive urinary drugs of abuse screen, determined within 28 days before the first 
dose of cytisinicline. 
5. Clinically significant abnormal serum chemistry or hematology values within 
28 days of randomization (ie, requiring treatment or monitoring).  
6. Clinically significant abnormalities in 12-lead ECG determined after minimum of 
5 minutes in supine position within 28 days of randomization (ie, requiring 
treatment or further assessment). 
7. Recent history (within 3 months) of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, 
stroke, cerebrovascular incident or hospitalization for congestive heart failure. 
8. Current uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg). 
9. Currently psychotic or having had a psychotic event within 3 months. If any subject 
becomes psychotic during the study, they must be removed from treatment and/or 
additional study visits. 
10. Currently having suicidal ideation or risk for suicide (“Yes” to question 4 or 
question 5 OR “Yes” to any suicidal behavior question on the C-SSRS with clear 
suicidal intent or previous attempt). 
11. Current symptoms of moderate to severe depression (depression score ≥11on the 
HADS). 
12. Renal impairment defined as a creatinine clearance (CrCl) <60 mL/min (estimated 
with the Cockroft-Gault equation). 
13. Hepatic impairment defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate 
aminotransferase (AST) >2.0 x the upper limit of normal (ULN). 
14. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding. 
15. Male or female subjects of childbearing potential who do not agree to use acceptable 
methods of birth control during the study treatment period. 
16. Participation in a clinical study with an investigational drug in the 4 weeks prior to 
randomization. 
17. Treatment with other smoking cessation medications (bupropion, varenicline, 
nortriptyline, or any nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) in the 4 weeks prior to 
randomization or planned use of these other smoking cessation medications during 
the study. 

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18. Use within the 2 weeks prior to randomization or planned use during the study of 
non-cigarette and/or noncombustible nicotine products (pipe tobacco, cigars, snuff, 
smokeless tobacco, hookah, e-cigarettes/vaping) or marijuana smoking or vaping.  
19. Any other reason that the investigator views the subject should not participate or 
would be unable to fulfill the requirements for the study. 
Number of Subjects, Randomization, and Stratification: 
Approximately 750 subjects will be randomized at 15-19 sites in the United States, with 
250 subjects per arm. Subjects will be randomized within site. 
Study Treatments:  
Identical appearing tablets containing 3 mg cytisinicline or matched placebo will be 
administered orally. During the 12-Week Treatment Period, subjects will take one tablet 
three times daily. Tablets will be blister sealed and configured into medication packs for 
one week of dosing. Each pack will contain 21 tablets for TID dosing for 7 days. Six weeks 
of dosing packs will be contained in a carton such that 2 cartons will be assigned to a 
subject during the study treatment (ie, 12 total packs for 12 weeks of study treatment). 
Clinic staff will distribute and collect packs as the subject progresses through the clinic 
visits and will conduct ongoing accountability during each weekly clinic visit by reviewing 
a subject’s treatment diary and associated blister packs. Used packs will be retained so that 
the Sponsor's monitoring staff can verify accountability records. 
Duration of Study:  
All randomized subjects will initiate study treatment the day after randomization, receive 
12 weeks of treatment, and will then be followed for up to 24 weeks post-randomization. 
Therefore, the duration of the study will be approximately 24 weeks post-randomization for 
a subject. 
Study Procedures:  
Prior to taking part in the trial, subjects will be provided with an informed consent 
document outlining study requirements and procedures. Subjects will be given adequate 
time to review, discuss, and decide whether they wish to participate. 
Subjects providing signed informed consent will be assessed during the Screening Period to 
determine their eligibility for the trial. If eligible, subjects will be required to attend a clinic 
visit prior to randomization in order to establish a quit date that will in turn determine the 
date of randomization. The quit date must be within 5-7 days of starting treatment and 
treatment must begin on the day after randomization. Subjects will be randomized in a 
blinded manner to receive Arm A, Arm B, or Arm C study drug for the 12-Week Treatment 
Period. Subjects will be provided with smoking cessation counseling beginning on the clinic 
visit during screening prior to randomization (setting quit date and plan), again on day of 
randomization, and continuing through the Week 12 visit. Additional counseling will also 
be provided during the Follow-up Period.  
Compliance will be assessed during treatment by reviewing subject’s treatment diary (date 
and time of dosing) as well as ongoing drug accountability at each weekly clinic visit. 

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Subjects will be assessed for smoking cessation by self-report of abstinence with 
biochemical verification documented weekly starting at Week 2 through Week 12. 
Additional follow-up assessments will occur at Week 16, 20 and 24 to evaluate long-term 
continuous abstinence.  
Subjects will be assessed for safety (vital signs, adverse event reporting and concomitant 
medications) on Day 7 (Week 1) of treatment (Note: clinic will also contact subject via 
telephone on Day 1 of treatment to assess for any initial reported adverse events) and then 
safety assessments will occur weekly at each clinic visit during the Treatment Period. In 
addition to the above safety assessments, hematology and chemistry assessments will be 
made on Day 7, Week 6 and Week 12 during the Treatment Period. At Week 12, any 
adverse event or abnormalities considered to be clinically significant by the investigating 
physician will be followed with appropriate medical management until values are 
considered to be clinically acceptable or deemed chronic. 
Follow-up visits will occur at Week 16, Week 20 and Week 24.  
Statistical Considerations:  
Analysis Sets 
Screening Analysis Set: The Screening Analysis Set is defined as all subjects who give 
written informed consent and have entered screening but are not randomized. Analyses 
in this population will be restricted to presentation of baseline data and reasons for non-
participation only. 
Safety Analysis Set: The Safety Analysis Set (SAS) is defined as all randomized subjects 
who take at least one dose of study drug. 
Efficacy Analysis Set: The All Randomized Analysis Set (ARS) is based on the ‘intention-
to-treat’ principle and will include data from all randomized subjects. 
Efficacy Outcomes 
Primary efficacy outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome is binary and for each subject 
success is abstinence determined at Weeks 3, 4, 5, and 6 (Arm B) and Weeks 9, 10, 11, and 
12 (Arm C) post-randomization compared to the corresponding weekly assessments in the 
placebo arm (Arm A), with success defined as having reported abstinence in smoking by 
subject’s self-report with CO biochemical verification. Absence of success (non-success) is 
having been assessed but not meeting the criterion for success or not available for 
assessment per criteria. 
Secondary efficacy outcomes: The secondary outcome measure for the two comparison 
analyses associated with the secondary efficacy objectives 1 and 2 (Arm A versus Arm B 
and Arm A versus Arm C, respectively) is success with respect to continuous abstinence 
through Week 24. The secondary outcome measure for the comparison analysis associated 
with the secondary efficacy objective 3 (comparing Arm B to Arm C) is success with 
respect to being without relapse at Week 24. The considerations relative to the definition of 
these endpoints are similar. The analyses associated with these three objectives will be done 
as Intent-to-Treat (ITT) analyses. 
Subjects not observed to meet all success criteria will be regarded as non-success relative to 
secondary efficacy outcomes. Non-success will have two types: (1) subjects with adequate 

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data that fail to meet the criteria, and (2) subjects having insufficient data to be assessed as a 
success.  
The statistical model used for the secondary efficacy objectives 1 and 2 will be the same 
statistical model used for the analysis of the corresponding multiple primary objectives. 
Other outcomes: All other outcomes, including point prevalence abstinence, time to 
abstinence failure, magnitude of treatment effect across subsets defined by demographic and 
baseline characteristics, etc., will be considered exploratory outcomes. 
Statistical Methods 
Primary Analysis 
The primary analysis will include all randomized subjects by randomized arm (intent-to-
treat analysis). The multiple primary comparisons will be for 6 weeks cytisinicline (Arm B) 
vs placebo (Arm A) and for 12 weeks cytisinicline (Arm C) vs placebo (Arm A). If the 
primary efficacy comparison meets statistical criterion, then the corresponding secondary 
efficacy outcome analyses will have formal meaning. The primary comparisons will be 
comparing the arms based on the ratio of the odds of success in the experimental arm 
divided by the odds of success in the control arm (odds ratio) using exact computations for 
stratified 2x2 frequency tables. The estimated odds ratio and exact confidence interval for 
the marginal 2x2 table across sites (unadjusted odds ratio), and the estimated difference in 
proportions and the associated derived exact confidence interval using the exact confidence 
interval on the odds ratio will also be reported.  
Trial Size 
The target accrual for each arm is planned for 250 (Approximately 750 for the study). The 
significance level to be used for the multiple primary comparisons is adjusted from the 
overall type I error probability of one-sided 0.025 to one-sided 0.0125 using the Bonferroni 
method to control for multiplicity. The assumed control arm probability of success 
(Weeks 9-24 abstinence) is 0.07 (7%). The hypothesized experimental arm minus control 
arm probability difference is specified as 0.12 (12%), corresponding to a hypothesized odds 
ratio of 3.12 (7% for placebo vs 19% for cytisinicline treatment). The statistical operating 
characteristics for each comparison are illustrated using simulation with 10,000 replicates. 
These specifications are consistent with 95.7% power for each comparison with, conditional 
on 0.07 control arm probability outcome, an odds ratio critical region of ≥1.83, 
corresponding to a critical difference of ≥0.051 (7% for placebo vs 12% for cytisinicline 
treatment). 
Safety 
The profiles of adverse events for the arms with regard to incidences of treatment 
emergent adverse events will be assessed. Treatment emergent adverse events are defined 
as those events that appear during treatment or are present before treatment and 
subsequently worsen. Laboratory, vital signs and ECG data will primarily be assessed for 
clinical safety. Data will be listed and summarized for each treatment according to 
measurement time. 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 
SYNOPSIS . .....................................................................................................................................2 
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................................15 
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................15 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ................................................16 
1. 
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...............................................................18 
1.1. 
History of the Investigational Product ........................................................................18 
1.2. 
Nicotine Addiction and Impact on Health ..................................................................18 
1.3. 
Treatments for Smoking Cessation ..........................................................................19 
2. 
SAFETY OVERVIEW FOR CYTISINICLINE ........................................................20 
2.1. 
Non-Clinical Studies ...................................................................................................20 
2.1.1. 
Summary of 39-Week Toxicology Study ...................................................................20 
2.1.2. 
Summary of 26-Week Chronic Toxicology Study .....................................................21 
2.1.3. 
Summary of Reproductive/Developmental Studies ....................................................22 
2.2. 
General Safety of Cytisine as a Marketed Product .....................................................23 
2.3. 
Special Populations .....................................................................................................24 
3. 
PRIOR PHASE 3 EVIDENCE FOR CYTISINE AS A SMOKING 
CESSATION TREATMENT .....................................................................................24 
4. 
RECENT STUDIES COMPLETED BY SPONSOR .................................................26 
4.1. 
Summary from Study ACH-CYT-07 on the Effect of Food on Cytisinicline 
Bioavailability .............................................................................................................26 
4.2. 
Summary From Study ACH-CYT-08 on the Tolerability of Single 
Ascending Cytisinicline Dosing .................................................................................27 
4.3. 
Summary of the Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled 
ORCA-1 (ACH-CYT-09) Trial of Cytisinicline in Adult Smokers ...........................28 
5. 
RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY ..............................................................................31 
6. 
STUDY OBJECTIVES ..............................................................................................32 
6.1. 
Multiple Primary Efficacy Objectives ........................................................................32 
6.2. 
Secondary Efficacy Objectives ...................................................................................32 
6.3. 
Other Objectives .........................................................................................................32 
6.4. 
Safety Objectives ........................................................................................................33 
7. 
STUDY DESIGN OVERVIEW .................................................................................34 
7.1. 
Study Design ...............................................................................................................34 

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7.2. 
Treatment Period (12 Weeks) .....................................................................................35 
7.3. 
Discussion of Study Design ........................................................................................35 
7.3.1. 
Placebo Control ..........................................................................................................35 
7.3.2. 
Primary Endpoint ........................................................................................................35 
7.3.3. 
Blinding ......................................................................................................................36 
7.3.4. 
Unblinding ..................................................................................................................36 
7.4. 
Number of Subjects ....................................................................................................37 
7.5. 
Randomization ............................................................................................................37 
7.6. 
Number of Clinical Sites ............................................................................................37 
7.7. 
Estimated Duration/Completion of Study ..................................................................37 
8. 
SELECTION OF STUDY POPULATION ................................................................37 
8.1. 
Inclusion Criteria ........................................................................................................38 
8.2. 
Exclusion Criteria .......................................................................................................38 
8.3. 
Modifying or Discontinuing Study Treatment and/or Study ......................................39 
8.3.1. 
Study Treatment Modifications during the 12-Week Treatment Period ....................39 
8.3.2. 
Discontinuation of Study during the 12-Week Treatment Period ..............................40 
8.3.3. 
Discontinuation of Study during the Follow-up Period ..............................................40 
9. 
INVESTIGATIONAL MEDICINAL PRODUCT (IMP) ..........................................40 
9.1. 
Cytisinicline Film-Coated Tablets ..............................................................................40 
9.2. 
Placebo Tablets ...........................................................................................................41 
9.3. 
Receipt and Storage ....................................................................................................41 
9.4. 
Administration ............................................................................................................41 
9.5. 
Return/Destruction ......................................................................................................41 
9.6. 
Method of Assigning Subjects to Arms ......................................................................41 
9.7. 
Study Drug Dosing Schedule ......................................................................................42 
9.8. 
Accountability .............................................................................................................42 
10. 
PREVIOUS AND CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS ............................................42 
11. 
TREATMENT COMPLIANCE .................................................................................43 
12. 
STUDY PROCEDURES ............................................................................................43 
12.1. 
Procedure Schedule ....................................................................................................43 
12.2. 
Detailed Description of Study Visits ..........................................................................47 
12.2.1. 
Screening Phase (SV1 – SV2) ....................................................................................47 
12.2.2. 
Randomization ............................................................................................................48 

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12.2.3. 
Treatment Period ........................................................................................................49 
12.2.4. 
Follow Up Period for Smoking Cessation Assessments .............................................58 
12.2.5. 
Subject Diaries ............................................................................................................59 
12.2.6. 
Behavioral Support .....................................................................................................59 
13. 
EFFICACY CRITERIA ..............................................................................................60 
13.1. 
Laboratory Assessments for Efficacy .........................................................................60 
13.1.1. 
Expired Air Carbon Monoxide (CO) ..........................................................................60 
13.1.2. 
Serum Cotinine Levels ...............................................................................................60 
14. 
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS ........................................................................................61 
14.1. 
Definitions ..................................................................................................................61 
14.2. 
Recording of Adverse Events .....................................................................................63 
14.2.1. 
Grading Adverse Event Severity ................................................................................63 
14.2.2. 
Assessment of Attribution ..........................................................................................63 
14.2.3. 
Reporting of Serious Adverse Events .........................................................................64 
14.2.4. 
Reporting of a Pregnancy during Study Treatment ....................................................65 
14.2.5. 
Reporting of COVID-19 Positive cases and COVID-19 vaccinations as 
Adverse Events of Special Interest .............................................................................66 
14.3. 
Laboratory Assessments for Safety ............................................................................66 
14.3.1. 
Hematology and Chemistry Assessments ...................................................................66 
14.4. 
Vital Signs ..................................................................................................................66 
14.5. 
Physical Examination .................................................................................................66 
15. 
SAFETY MONITORING ..........................................................................................67 
15.1. 
Independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee .......................................................67 
16. 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................68 
16.1. 
Statistical Design ........................................................................................................68 
16.2. 
Analysis Sets ...............................................................................................................68 
16.3. 
Primary Outcome for Subjects ....................................................................................68 
16.3.1. 
Analysis of Primary Outcome ....................................................................................69 
16.4. 
Secondary Outcome for Subjects ................................................................................69 
16.4.1. 
Analysis of Secondary Outcomes ...............................................................................70 
16.5. 
Study Size ...................................................................................................................70 
16.6. 
Other Objectives .........................................................................................................71 
16.7. 
Safety Objectives ........................................................................................................71 

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17. 
REGULATORY AND ETHICS CONSIDERATIONS .............................................71 
17.1. 
Institutional Review Board (IRB) ...............................................................................71 
17.2. 
Ethical Conduct of the Study ......................................................................................72 
17.3. 
Informed Consent .......................................................................................................72 
17.4. 
Subject Confidentiality ...............................................................................................73 
18. 
DOCUMENTATION .................................................................................................73 
18.1. 
Study File and Site Documents ...................................................................................73 
18.2. 
Study Documents Supplied by the Sponsor ................................................................73 
18.3. 
Maintenance and Retention of Records ......................................................................74 
19. 
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES .......................................................................74 
19.1. 
Sponsor Responsibilities .............................................................................................74 
19.2. 
Investigator Responsibilities .......................................................................................75 
19.3. 
Regulatory Compliance ..............................................................................................75 
19.4. 
Protocol Modification/Premature Termination ...........................................................75 
19.5. 
Policy for Publication and Data Presentation .............................................................76 
20. 
INVESTIGATOR’S AGREEMENT ..........................................................................77 
21. 
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................78 
APPENDIX 1. COLUMBIA - SUICIDE SEVERITY RATING SCALE (C-SSRS) ................80 
APPENDIX 2. FAGERSTRÖM TEST OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE .................................87 
APPENDIX 3. SMOKING SELF-EFFICACY QUESTIONNAIRE (SEQ-12) .........................88 
APPENDIX 4. BRIEF QUESTIONNAIRE OF SMOKING URGES (QSU-BRIEF) ...............89 
APPENDIX 5. MINNESOTA WITHDRAWAL SCALE (MNWS) ..........................................90 
APPENDIX 6. HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE (HADS) .......................91 
APPENDIX 7. BEHAVIORAL SUPPORT ...............................................................................93 
 

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LIST OF TABLES 
Table 1: 
Adverse Events Reported From Sopharma Core Data Sheets for Cytisine ................23 
Table 2:  
Summary of Statistical Analysis of Cytisinicline Cmax and AUC ..............................27 
Table 3: 
ORCA-1 Study: Most Common Treatment-emergent Adverse Events 
Experienced by ≥2% of Subjects ................................................................................30 
Table 4: 
Schedule of Study Procedures During Treatment Period ...........................................44 
Table 5: 
Schedule of Procedure During Follow-up Period .......................................................46 
Table 6: 
Adverse Event Severity ..............................................................................................63 
Table 7: 
Assessment of Attribution to Study Drug ...................................................................64 
 
LIST OF FIGURES 
Figure 1: 
ORCA-1 Study: CO-Verified Abstinence Results .....................................................29 
Figure 2: 
ACH-CYT-04 (ORCA-3) Study Design Overview ....................................................34 
 

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 
ABBREVIATION/TERM 
DEFINITION 
ACh 
Acetylcholine 
ADR 
Adverse Drug Reaction 
AE 
Adverse Event 
AUC 
Area Under the Curve 
ALT 
Alanine Aminotransferase 
ARS 
All Randomized Analysis Set 
AST 
Aspartate Aminotransferase 
BMI 
Body Mass Index 
CI 
Confidence Interval 
Cmax 
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration 
CO 
Carbon Monoxide 
CrCl 
Creatinine Clearance  
CRF 
Case Report Form 
CRO 
Contract Research Organization 
C-SSRS 
Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale 
DDI 
Drug-to-Drug Interaction 
DPF 
Dose-Proportionality Factor 
DSMC 
Data Safety Monitoring Committee 
ECG 
Electrocardiogram 
FTND 
Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
GI 
Gastrointestinal 
GLP 
Good Laboratory Practice 
HADS 
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 
HED 
Human Equivalent Dose 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonization 
I.D. 
Identification 
IMP 
Investigational Medicinal Product (for this protocol indicates cytisinicline 
3 mg film coated tablet) 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
IRT 
Interactive Response Technology 
ITT 
Intent-to-Treat 
nAChRs 
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors 
NMR 
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio 
NRT 
Nicotine Replacement Therapy 
NOAEL 
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
MNWS 
Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale 
OR 
Odds Ratio 
PSUR 
Periodic Safety Update Reports 
QSU-Brief 
Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges 
RR 
Relative Risk 
SAE 
Serious Adverse Event 
SAP 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
SAR 
Serious Adverse Reaction 
SAS 
Safety Analysis Set 
SD 
Standard Deviation 
SEQ 
Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 
SGOT 
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase 
SGPT 
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase 
SmPC 
Summary of Product Characteristics 
SOC 
MedDRA System Organ Class 
SUSAR 
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction 

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ABBREVIATION/TERM 
DEFINITION 
TEAE 
Treatment Emergent Adverse Event 
TID 
Three Times a Day 
Tmax 
Time to Maximum Observed Concentration 
UADR 
Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction 
UAE 
Unexpected Adverse Event 
ULN 
Upper Limit of Normal 
USAN 
United States Adopted Names 
 
 

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1. 
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 
1.1. 
History of the Investigational Product 
Cytisine is a plant-based alkaloid used as a smoking cessation drug since the 1980’s in Eastern 
and Central Europe, marketed by Sopharma, Sofia, Bulgaria.5 The molecular structure of cytisine 
has similarities to nicotine and acetylcholine (ACh). Nicotine addiction results, at least in part, 
from its interaction with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Both cytisine and 
nicotine compete for these receptors.6-8 Cytisine has high affinity and specificity for neuronal 
nicotinic (α4β2) receptors.  
Despite its widespread use, cytisine has not been market-approved for use outside Eastern and 
Central Europe. This may, in part, be explained by Sopharma’s focus on clinical development of 
cytisine in its traditional markets in Eastern and Central European countries where the initial 
clinical studies were conducted and published, although not in English.5 More current Phase 3 
studies have been conducted using Sopharma manufactured cytisine and three were published in 
2011, 2014, and 2021.1-3  
Achieve Life Sciences acquired the license to cytisine outside of Sopharma’s territories and, in 
June 2017, completed an investigational new drug (IND) submission for cytisine clinical 
development. In 2018, the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council adopted 
"cytisinicline" as the nonproprietary, or generic, name for cytisine. This protocol uses the USAN 
cytisinicline nomenclature except when referring to previous published data using cytisine 
nomenclature. In June 2019, Achieve completed the Phase 2b trial (ACH-CYT-09 or ORCA-1), 
in preparation for conducting Phase 3 clinical trials in the US. The Phase 3 program for 
cytisinicline includes two separate Phase 3 trials that are evaluating 3 mg cytisinicline TID as a 
slightly longer treatment duration of 42 days/6 weeks (instead of 25 days) as well as repeating 
that duration for a total of 84 days/12 weeks treatment (similar to the duration of varenicline 
treatment). The first Phase 3 (ORCA-2) trial has completed enrollment but is ongoing in study 
evaluations. This second Phase 3 (ORCA-3) study mirrors the ORCA-2 trial in study design, 
safety/efficacy evaluations, and statistical criteria, while being conducted in parallel at different 
clinical sites. 
1.2. 
Nicotine Addiction and Impact on Health 
Nicotine is an addictive substance that is rapidly absorbed during cigarette smoking. The drug 
distributes quickly and is thought to interact with nAChRs in the central nervous system (CNS). 
Although many smokers attempt to quit smoking, few succeed without pharmacological 
supportive treatment. 
Tobacco smoking contributes to some 8 million premature deaths each year worldwide.9 It is 
highly addictive, with more than 95% of unaided attempts at cessation failing by 6 months.10 
Every year that a smoker delays quitting beyond the mid-30s, there is an estimated 3 months 
reduction in life expectancy.11 
Although nicotine is primarily responsible for the addictive properties of cigarette smoking, 
tobacco smoke also contains several hundred gaseous substances and several thousand 
compounds. There is increasing evidence that the presence of carbon monoxide in cigarette 
smoke plays a role in cardiovascular disease and that tar is a major factor in respiratory disease 

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and cancer.12 Nicotine, of which 1 to 3 mg is typically absorbed from each cigarette, is a 
peripheral vasoconstrictor and a sympathomimetic stimulant, which also leads to improvement 
in mood and attention. 
1.3. 
Treatments for Smoking Cessation  
The pharmacotherapies currently available in the US and Western Europe to help smokers quit 
include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and two non-nicotine containing medications: 
bupropion (Zyban®, Glaxo-SmithKline) and varenicline (Chantix®/Champix®, Pfizer). NRT 
and bupropion appear to have about equal efficacy.13,14 Varenicline is more effective than NRT 
and bupropion. A brief description of each pharmacotherapy is given below. 
Nicotine replacement therapy was first introduced in 1978. NRT replaces the nicotine absorbed 
from cigarettes and helps subjects stop smoking by reducing nicotine cravings, withdrawal 
symptoms, and mood changes. Available over-the-counter and prescription-only NRT products 
include: chewing gums, lozenges, transdermal patches, nasal sprays and inhalers. The purpose of 
all NRT products is to achieve a sufficient plasma concentration of nicotine (and hence 
concentration of nicotine at central nAChRs) and so reduce craving for nicotine derived from 
cigarette smoke. However, the efficacy of NRT (expressed as a pooled Relative Risk (RR) 
compared with placebo treatment) is limited (overall RR 1.60).14 In general, the delivery of 
nicotine from NRT products is relatively slow, and the pharmacokinetic profile does not 
resemble that of cigarettes: the time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) tends to be longer for 
NRT, and the Cmax is not characterized by a sharp peak, but by a lower and flatter peak. Thus, the 
smoker does not have the same nicotine experience with NRT products that they do from 
smoking. Although there do not appear to be safety concerns for NRT usage, the relatively poor 
response to NRT products as aids to smoking cessation limits their effectiveness as treatment. 
Side effects of NRT products include: nausea, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, fast or irregular 
heartbeat, mouth problems with the lozenge or gum, and redness or swelling of the skin around 
the patch. 
Bupropion is one of the most frequently prescribed antidepressants in the US. Zyban is 
bupropion re-profiled as a smoking cessation medication in tablet form. Although it reduces 
nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving and enhances tobacco cessation, the precise 
mechanism by which it aids smoking cessation is unknown. The efficacy of bupropion is similar 
to that of NRT (overall RR 1.62).13 Although the most commonly observed adverse events 
consistently associated with the use of bupropion are dry mouth and insomnia, the medication 
guide for bupropion cites other adverse events and risks related to this product, including 
seizures, high blood pressure, and allergic reactions. Because bupropion contains the same active 
substance as the antidepressant Wellbutrin®, users and potential users are urged to talk to their 
health care professional about risks of treatment with antidepressant medicines. 
Varenicline was synthetically developed as a new class of α4β2 nicotine receptor partial agonists, 
in part, using (-)-cytisine as the structural starting point.8 Varenicline is a partial agonist at 
nicotine receptors and acts as a nicotine substitute leading to a gradual decrease in the smoker's 
physical and psychological dependence on cigarettes. In a recent Cochrane analysis report 
detailing 6-month abstinence rates, varenicline was found to be more effective than placebo 
(overall RR=2.25) or bupropion (overall RR=1.39).15 The most common side effects of 
varenicline (>5% or twice the rate seen with placebo) include nausea, abnormal (vivid, unusual, 

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or strange) dreams, constipation, flatulence, and vomiting. In addition, the Prescribing 
Information for varenicline cites other possible serious side effects and risks including new or 
worsening mental health problems such as changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, or depressed 
mood. Other warnings and precautions include new or worsening seizures, accidental injury (eg, 
trouble driving or operating heavy machinery), cardiovascular events (new or worsening 
cardiovascular symptoms), allergic hypersensitivity reactions, serious skin reactions, and nausea. 
The recently published, international trial (referred as the EAGLES trial16) was a large 
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled (nicotine patch) trial 
comparing varenicline and bupropion at 140 centers in 16 countries between Nov 30, 2011, and 
Jan 13, 2015. The trial randomized 8,144 participants. The study did not show a significant 
increase in neuropsychiatric adverse events attributable to varenicline or bupropion relative to 
nicotine patch or placebo. Varenicline was more effective than placebo, nicotine patch, and 
bupropion in helping smokers achieve abstinence, whereas bupropion and nicotine patch were 
more effective than placebo. Across cohorts, the most frequent adverse events by treatment 
group were nausea (varenicline, 25%), insomnia (bupropion, 12%), abnormal dreams (nicotine 
patch, 12%), and headache (placebo, 10%). 
In summary, new treatments are still needed that are less costly, more effective, have an 
improved safety profile, or can more successfully treat individuals who have failed to quit using 
the above treatments.  
2. 
SAFETY OVERVIEW FOR CYTISINICLINE 
2.1. 
Non-Clinical Studies 
The US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) designated cytisine 
as “a drug of national Public Health importance” and, in collaboration, has sponsored a series of 
recent pharmacology and toxicology studies in support of the cytisinicline IND and in 
preparation for this Phase 3 study. In that regard, NCCIH and the National Cancer Institute 
(NCI) sponsored non-clinical GLP studies that have included 28-day repeat dosing for 
toxicology assessments in rats and dogs as well as reproductive/developmental studies in rats and 
rabbits. Achieve has also completed a 39-Week chronic toxicology study in dogs and a 26-Week 
chronic toxicology study in rats.  
Results from the 39-Week and 26-Week chronic toxicology studies and the 
reproductive/developmental studies are summarized below. Refer to the Investigator’s Brochure 
for more detail on all GLP-conducted, non-clinical studies. 
2.1.1. 
Summary of 39-Week Toxicology Study 
The objective of this 39-Week study was to determine the potential toxicity of cytisine in Beagle 
dogs when given orally via gelatin capsule twice daily (12 hours apart) for 39 weeks (270 days).  
Systemic exposure to cytisinicline was twice-daily administration of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/dose, 
resulting in total daily doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg. Following twice-daily oral administration, 
Cmax and AUC0-24 values increased with increasing dose in an approximately dose proportional 
manner on Days 1 and 270. There was no consistent evidence of accumulation based on AUC0-24 
accumulation ratios of 1.40, 1.60, and 1.97 at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively. 

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Salivation and white vomitus were the only detailed clinical observations that were considered to 
be cytisine-related and were observed in both sexes at the highest dose level of 2.0 mg/kg/day. 
Salivation and white vomitus were first noted in the first and second weeks of the study and the 
frequency remained consistent throughout the 39-week treatment period, but were not observed 
in any dog during the 4-week recovery period. Salivation is consistent with the known nicotinic 
(partial) agonist activity of cytisine and is likely a pharmacological effect and not a toxicological 
effect. 
Cytisine-related minor decrease in group mean body weight, compared to controls, was observed 
in both sexes at the highest dose level of 2.0 mg/kg/day through the first 13 weeks of study. 
However, mean body weights and body weight gains were generally comparable between treated 
groups and controls from Weeks 13 through 39 and the recovery period. No cytisinicline-related 
ophthalmic or electrocardiographic findings were noted during the study or at Week 39 
examinations. There were no cytisinicline-related clinical pathology, macroscopic observations, 
organ weight changes, or microscopic observations in animals necropsied at Week 39. Therefore, 
the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was considered to be 2 mg/kg/day when given 
orally for 270 consecutive days (39 weeks) and used for an estimated human equivalent dose 
(HED) of 1.11 mg/kg/day (ie, 77.7 mg/day for a 70 kg human) for cytisinicline when 
administered for 39 consecutive weeks. 
2.1.2. 
Summary of 26-Week Chronic Toxicology Study 
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential sub-chronic toxicity of cytisinicline in 
rats via oral gavage when administered twice daily (12 hours apart) for up to 26 weeks 
(182 days) and the reversibility, progression, or delayed appearance of any observed changes 
following a one-month post dose observation period. 
Systemic exposure to cytisinicline was twice-daily administration at 2, 10, and 16 mg/kg/day. 
Following twice-daily oral administration of cytisinicline, Cmax values generally increased with 
increasing dose in a less than dose proportional manner across the dose range on Days 1, 91, and 
182, whereas, AUC0-24 values increased with increasing dose in an approximately dose-
proportional manner on Days 1, 91, and 182. There was no evidence of accumulation based on 
Day 91 AUC0-24 accumulation ratios of 1.21, 1.28, and 1.24 at 2, 10, and 16 mg/kg/day, 
respectively, and on Day 182 AUC0-24 accumulation ratios of 0.975, 1.15, and 1.15 at 2, 10, and 
16 mg/kg/day, respectively. 
Oral gavage administration of cytisinicline at 2, 10, and 16 mg/kg/day to male and female rats 
was well tolerated for up to 182 days. Non-adverse test article-related findings included 
salivation in both sexes at 10 and 16 mg/kg/day, decreased body weight in males at 10 and 
16 mg/kg/day, decreased food consumption at all doses in both sexes, increased in alkaline 
phosphatase activities in both sexes at 16 mg/kg/day, increased neutrophils in females at 
16 mg/kg/day, decreased total cholesterol concentrations in males at all dose levels, decreased 
triglyceride in males at 16 mg/kg/day and anatomic pathology findings of minimal bile duct 
inflammation in males at 10 mg/kg/day and 16 mg/kg/day and females at all dose levels, 
inflammation in the prostate of males at all dose levels and in the uterus of females at 
16 mg/kg/day, pigmented macrophages in the spleen in males at 10 and 16 mg/kg/day and 
females at all dose levels, and increased severity of ovarian atrophy in females at 10 and 
16 mg/kg/day. None of these cytisinicline-related microscopic findings were considered adverse 

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based on their limited severity. Therefore, the NOAEL was 16 mg/kg/day and was used to 
calculate an HED of 2.6 mg/kg/day (ie, 182 mg/day for a 70 Kg human) for cytisinicline when 
administered for 26 consecutive weeks. 
2.1.3. 
Summary of Reproductive/Developmental Studies 
Studies in rats and rabbits have been co-sponsored by NCCIH and NCI to characterize the 
inherent risk of cytisinicline on fertility and different stages of the reproductive cycle.  
The first study evaluated the potential of cytisinicline to alter male and female fertility, 
implantation, early embryonic development, and other developmental toxicity of cytisinicline in 
Sprague Dawley rats. Administration of cytisinicline to male and female rats at levels up to 
10.0 mg/kg prior to mating, during the two-week mating period (both sexes), and through 
Gestation Day 17 (females) did not result in any cytisinicline-related mortality or clinical signs 
of toxicity. Only a slight cytisinicline-related effect on body weight/body weight gain was seen 
at the 10.0 mg/kg dose level in both males and females.  
No increase in the incidence of any gross fetal external, visceral or cephalic abnormalities 
(malformations or variations) was observed in the cytisine-treated groups compared to the 
control group. There was an increase in absent cerebral hemisphere noted in 0 fetuses in 
21 litters, 2 fetuses in 2 of 19 litters, 3 fetuses in one of 19 litters, and 5 fetuses in 3 of 22 litters 
in the control, low, mid, and high dose cytisine-treated groups, respectively (total of 
10 instances). There was no associated difference in total number of implants, % pre- and post-
implantation loss, total number of live implants, number of dead fetuses per dam, or number of 
resorptions. When considering both this study and the following fetal development study in rats, 
835 F1 offspring were exposed to cytisine in utero and during lactation and there were no absent 
cerebral hemispheres or adverse effects on embryofetal development reported. Thus, the 
10 fetuses with an absent cerebral hemisphere represented an overall rate of ~1.1%. 
In a second study in Sprague Dawley rats, time-mated females were administered daily 
cytisinicline at levels up to 10.0 mg/kg on Gestation Days 6 through Lactation Day 20 to 
evaluate effects on pre- or postnatal development. No test article-related adverse clinical signs 
were observed in the study and it was concluded that cytisinicline administered from 
implantation through lactation did not result in any adverse effects on pre- or postnatal 
development in the rat. 
In another study, potential embryofetal toxicity of cytisinicline was evaluated in pregnant New 
Zealand White rabbits using dose levels of 0, 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day. Rabbits were dosed by 
oral gavage twice daily from Gestation Days 6 through 19 (implantation through end of 
organogenesis) and evaluated on Gestation Day 29. There were no treatment-related differences 
noted in body weight or food consumption between control and any of the treated groups. No 
cytisinicline-related gross necropsy observations were seen in any rabbit. No treatment-related 
effects on uterine weight, maternal reproductive parameters, litter viability, or fetal body weights 
were observed at any cytisinicline dose level. No treatment-related effects on gross external fetus 
observations were seen, and no treatment-related visceral, cephalic or skeletal effects were seen 
at any cytisinicline dose level. 

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2.2. 
General Safety of Cytisine as a Marketed Product 
Cytisine has been marketed for many years by Sopharma in Central and Eastern Europe 
(including four countries in the European Union). It is estimated to have treated over 21 million 
smokers worldwide. Periodic Safety Update Reports (PSURs) have been submitted to the 
relevant European and national authorities following the European and local regulations and 
requirements.  
Adverse reactions have been previously listed by Sopharma according to MedDRA system organ 
class (SOC) and frequency category. Frequency categories are defined using the following 
convention: very common (>1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), 
rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the 
available data). 
Table 1: 
Adverse Events Reported From Sopharma Core Data Sheets for Cytisine 
System Organ 
Class 
Very 
Common 
Common 
Uncommon 
 
Rare 
 
Very 
rare 
 
Not known 
 
Cardiac disorders 
 
 
 
 
 
Tachycardia 
Palpitations 
Vascular disorders 
 
 
 
 
 
Slight increase in 
blood pressure 
Nervous system 
disorders 
 
Headache1 
Dizziness1 
Insomnia1 
Drowsiness1 
 
 
Increased 
irritability 
Respiratory, 
thoracic and 
mediastinal 
disorders 
 
 
 
 
 
Dyspnea 
Gastrointestinal 
disorders 
 
Upper 
abdominal 
pain1 
Nausea1 
Dry mouth1 
Dyspepsia1 
Constipation1 
Diarrhea1 
Vomiting1 
 
 
Changes in taste 
and appetite 
Abdominal pain 
Musculoskeletal 
and connective 
tissue disorders 
 
 
 
 
 
Myalgia 
Metabolism and 
nutrition disorders 
 
 
 
 
 
Hyperhidrosis 
Weight decreased 
General disorders 
and administration 
site conditions 
 
 
 
 
 
Chest pain 
1The frequency was estimated based on data from 6 randomized clinical trials. 
Thus, from marketing safety reporting for cytisine, the most frequent adverse effects include: 
nausea, gastrointestinal symptoms (including abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and dry mouth), sleep 
disorder, dizziness and headache. Most reported adverse effects appear mainly at the beginning 
of therapy, are short-lived, mild-to-moderate intensity, and resolved spontaneously. It is not 
possible to dissociate these effects due to cytisine and those related to nicotine withdrawal. 

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2.3. 
Special Populations 
Safety or pharmacokinetic information for the administration of cytisinicline in subjects with 
coronary disease, cardiac insufficiency, arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, 
hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer, diabetes, renal, or hepatic insufficiency have not yet been 
obtained. Exclusion criteria have therefore been developed with external clinical input to exclude 
subjects that may have, or are being treated for, these underlying medical conditions. Metabolite 
study results to date have shown that cytisinicline will likely have minimal drug-to-drug 
interaction (DDI) potential and minimal hepatic impairment. Limited metabolism was seen, via 
oxygenation and dehydrogenation on the bicyclic moiety, to C1 in mice and rats and to C2 in 
dogs. Cytisinicline was not metabolized in human hepatocytes. Additional results show that 
cytisinicline was generally stable in hepatocytes (>25%), was not highly protein bound (<35%) 
in plasma, and was not a substrate of human ABC transporters P-gp and BCRP or human SLC 
transporters OCT2, MATE1 and MATE2K. Cytisinicline also was not an inhibitor of any CYPs 
evaluated and only at high concentrations (>600 fold human plasma levels) was cytisinicline an 
inducer of CYP3A4/5 and to a lesser degree CYP2B6, CYP3A4/5, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and 
CYP2C19. Cytisinicline was not an inducer of CYP1A2 mRNA enzyme activity. Detailed results 
from DDI, metabolite, and protein binding studies are provided in the Investigator’s Brochure. 
3. 
PRIOR PHASE 3 EVIDENCE FOR CYTISINE AS A SMOKING 
CESSATION TREATMENT 
Cytisine was evaluated in two previous randomized Phase 3 clinical trials according to Good 
Clinical Practice (GCP) in more than 2,000 participants and published in 2011 and 2014. The 
overall objectives in these trials were to confirm the efficacy and safety of cytisine versus 
placebo or NRT, according to current clinical development standards. Cytisine was recently 
compared to varenicline as a smoking cessation treatment and results published in 2021. All 
three studies used cytisine manufactured by Sopharma. 
The Phase 3 trial (TASC1 trial) was sponsored by the UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies 
and evaluated cytisine versus placebo in 740 primarily moderate-to-heavy smokers treated for 
25 days in a single center in Warsaw, Poland. The primary outcome measure was sustained, 
biochemically-verified smoking abstinence for 12 months after the End-of-Treatment. The 
TASC trial was conceived by Professor Robert West (Department of Epidemiology and Public 
Health, University College London) and was funded by a grant from the National Prevention 
Research Initiative, including contributions from Cancer Research UK, Medical Research 
Council, United Kingdom Department of Health, and others. The results of the TASC trial were 
published in the New England Journal of Medicine in September 2011.1 The Relative Risk (RR) 
for sustained 12-month abstinence was 3.4 for cytisine compared to placebo (8.4% cytisine arm 
compared to 2.4% placebo arm; P<0.001). The RR for sustained 6-month abstinence was 2.9 
(10.0% cytisine arm compared to 3.5% placebo arm; P<0.001). Cytisine was well tolerated with 
an increase in all-combined gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (although there was no 
significant difference in individual GI events between the arms). The safety profile of cytisine 
was similar to that of a placebo, with no overall difference in the rate of side effects in the two 
arms.  

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The second Phase 3 trial (CASCAID2 trial) was conducted by the Health Research Council of 
New Zealand and was an open-label trial that randomized 1,310 adult daily smokers. Subjects 
were randomized to receive either cytisine for 25 days or NRT for 8 weeks. Both treatment 
groups were offered low-intensity telephone behavioral support during trial treatment. The 
primary outcome measure was continuous self-reported abstinence from smoking one month 
after a quit date. The RR for continuous one-month abstinence was 1.3 for cytisine (40% cytisine 
arm compared to 31% in the NRT arm; P<0.001). A secondary outcome included the RR for 
continuous six-month abstinence which was 1.4 for cytisine (22% cytisine arm compared to 15% 
in the NRT arm; P=0.002). Cytisine was generally well tolerated, although self-reported adverse 
events were higher in the cytisine arm compared with the NRT arm. The most frequent adverse 
events were nausea and vomiting and sleep disorders. The results of the CASCAID trial, which 
were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in December 2014, showed that cytisine 
was superior to NRT for smoking cessation and, specifically, that cytisine was 1.43 times more 
likely than nicotine gums or patches to help participants stop smoking and remain non-smokers 
for six months.2 
The recent third Phase 3 trial (RAUORA3 trial) was conducted by Natalie Walker in New 
Zealand to determine whether cytisine was at least as effective as varenicline in supporting 
smoking abstinence for ≥6 months in the New Zealand indigenous Māori or whānau (extended-
family) of Māori, given the high smoking prevalence in this population. The study design was a 
pragmatic, open-label, randomized, community-based non-inferiority trial. Adult daily smokers 
who identified as Māori or whānau of Māori, motivated to quit in within 2 weeks, aged 
≥18 years, and eligible for subsidized varenicline were enrolled and 679 people were randomly 
assigned (1:1) to receive a prescription for 12-weeks of cytisine or varenicline, plus low-intensity 
cessation behavioral support. Cytisine was administered first via the 25-day downward titration 
regimen followed by a daily maintenance of 1.5mg cytisine twice a day for the remaining 
12 weeks and varenicline was administered for 12 weeks per market approved prescription. The 
primary outcome was carbon-monoxide verified continuous abstinence at 6 months, analyzed as 
intention to treat (with multiple imputation for missing data). Secondary outcomes included 
adverse event analyses. Verified continuous abstinence rates at 6 months post-quit date were 
12.1% (41 of 337) for cytisine vs 7.9% (27 of 342) for varenicline (risk difference 4.29%, 95% 
confidence interval [CI] -0.22 to 8.79; relative risk 1.55; 95% CI 0.97 to 2.46). Sensitivity 
analyses confirmed the findings were robust. Self-reported adverse events over 6 months 
occurred significantly more frequently in the varenicline group (cytisine: 313 events in 
111 participants; varenicline: 509 events in 138 participants, incidence rate ratio 0.56, 95% CI 
0.49 to 0.65, p<0.001) compared with the cytisine group. Common adverse events were 
headache, nausea, and difficulty sleeping. The results of the RAUORA trial, which were 
published in Addiction in March 2021, showed that cytisine was at least as effective as 
varenicline at supporting smoking abstinence in New Zealand indigenous Māori or whānau 
(extended-family) of Māori, with significantly fewer adverse events. 
 
 

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4. 
RECENT STUDIES COMPLETED BY SPONSOR 
Achieve has sponsored and completed the following clinical studies: 
ACH-CYT-01 “A Phase 1 Open Label, Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study in Healthy 
Volunteers to Investigate the Effect of Food on the Bioavailability of Cytisine”  
ACH-CYT-02 “Repeat-Dose Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Cytisine 
in Healthy Smokers” 
ACH-CYT-07 “A Phase 1 Open Label, Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study in Healthy 
Smokers to Investigate the Effect of Food on the Bioavailability of Cytisine in a New 
Formulation” 
ACH-CYT-08 “A Phase I, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Single Dose-
escalation Study to Evaluate the Tolerability and Safety of Cytisine in Adult Smokers” 
ACH-CYT-09 (ORCA-1) “A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled 
Phase 2b Trial of Cytisine in Adult Smokers” 
An overview of ACH-CYT-07, -08, and -09 results are summarized in Section 4.1. Refer to the 
Investigator’s Brochure for more detail on all GCP-conducted, clinical studies. 
4.1. 
Summary from Study ACH-CYT-07 on the Effect of Food on 
Cytisinicline Bioavailability  
ACH-CYT-07 “A Phase 1 Open Label, Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study in Healthy 
Smokers to Investigate the Effect of Food on the Bioavailability of Cytisine in a New 
Formulation” evaluated 12 healthy volunteer smokers to investigate the effect of food on the 
bioavailability of the current formulation of cytisinicline. There were two primary objectives: 
1) to compare the bioavailability of the new formulation of cytisinicline under fed and fasted 
conditions following administration of 3 mg cytisinicline (2x1.5 mg cytisinicline tablets) and 
2) to assess the extent of renal elimination of cytisinicline via measurement of urinary 
concentrations, following administration of 3 mg cytisinicline. 
The study used a 2-period, randomized, cross-over design. Following drug administration, 
regular blood samples were taken for the estimation of pharmacokinetic outcomes and urine 
samples were collected for 48 hours in order to estimate the extent of urinary excretion of 
cytisinicline. Both plasma and urine samples were analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS 
methods.  
As observed in Table 2, the fed Cmax at 26.2 ng/mL was lower than the fasted Cmax at 
32.9 ng/mL. Although the Cmax was lower under fed conditions, the extent of absorption of 
cytisinicline was the same as when compared to fasted conditions: AUC0-∞  was comparable 
under fed and fasted conditions respectively (165 and 179 ng.h/mL). 

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Table 2:  
Summary of Statistical Analysis of Cytisinicline Cmax and AUC 
 
 
 Geometric LSMean 
 
Parameter  
3 mg Cytisinicline 
fed 
(N=12) 
 
3 mg Cytisinicline 
fasted 
(N=12) 
 
Geometric LSMean Ratio 
(90% CI) 
fed/fasted 
Cmax  
(ng/mL)  
 
26.2 
 
32.9 
 
79.57  
(66.40–95.35) 
AUC0-∞ 
(h.ng/mL) 
 
165 
 
179 
 
92.08  
(88.37–95.95) 
 
The geometric LSmean ratio was 92.08% for AUC0-∞  and the 90% Confidence Interval (CI) was 
within the guidance for equivalence between 80% to 125% (AUC0-∞  90% CI=88.37%–95.95%).  
The Tmax under fed conditions (1.5 h) was delayed when compared to the Tmax under fasted 
conditions (0.75 h). 
The geometric mean t½ values were the same under fed and fasted conditions at 4.55 h and 
4.71 h, respectively. 
Following administration of a 3 mg dose, the total amount of cytisinicline recovered from urine 
in the first 24 hours was 2.41 mg and 2.60 mg under fed and fasted conditions respectively. Over 
the full 48 hours collection period, the amounts increased to 2.48 mg and 2.68 mg under fed and 
fasted conditions, respectively. The geometric LSmean ratio for fed/fasted at 48 hours was 
90.89% (90%CI = 84.99%–97.20%), again showing equivalence under fed and fasted conditions. 
In summary, food should not affect the overall treatment, primarily because the bioavailability 
measured as Area-Under-the Curve (AUC0-∞ and AUC0-t) showed equivalence between fed and 
fasted states. 
4.2. 
Summary From Study ACH-CYT-08 on the Tolerability of Single 
Ascending Cytisinicline Dosing 
ACH-CYT-08 “A Phase I, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Single Dose-
escalation Study to Evaluate the Tolerability and Safety of Cytisine in Adult Smokers” was a 
single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single dose-escalation, Phase 1 
clinical study under fasting conditions in adult subjects who were daily smokers. Cytisinicline or 
placebo was administered to cohorts of 8 subjects per dose level, with each cohort consisting of 
unique subjects. Within each dose level, subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single oral 
dose of cytisinicline or placebo in a 3:1 ratio (6 cytisinicline:2 placebo). The starting dose was 
6 mg cytisinicline in Cohort 1, and was escalated by additional 3 mg doses to a final dose of 
30 mg cytisinicline in Cohort 9. 
A total of 72 subjects (9 cohorts of 8 subjects) completed the study with 54 subjects receiving 
cytisinicline. Among these 54 subjects, 21 subjects (39%) reported a total of 37 TEAEs, of which 
29 TEAEs were considered drug-related. The most common TEAE was “Nausea” reported by 
10 subjects (19%). Vomiting was reported among 5 cytisinicline-treated subjects (9%). Of the 
6 subjects treated at the 30 mg cytisinicline highest dose, 2 subjects (33%) reported vomiting. 

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Most TEAEs were of mild severity (86%) and resolved without requiring the use of medication. 
Three subjects experienced TEAEs of moderate severity: migraine (6 mg cytisinicline), 
presyncope (12 mg cytisinicline), and nausea/vomiting/headache (18 mg cytisinicline). 
Among the 18 subjects who received placebo, 5 (28%) reported a total of 5 TEAEs, of which 
3 TEAEs were considered drug-related. The most common TEAEs were “Nausea” and “Back 
pain” reported by 2 subjects (11%), each. Most TEAEs were of mild severity (80%) and resolved 
without requiring the use of medication. One subject experienced a TEAE of moderate severity: 
back pain (placebo). 
There were no TEAEs reported for clinically significant laboratory safety test results or ECG 
findings in any cytisinicline or placebo treatment cohorts.  
There was a less than dose-proportional increase of Cmax (geometric mean) with increasing 
doses. For an overall 5-fold dose increase (from 6 mg to 30 mg), cytisinicline Cmax increased 
2.3 fold, corresponding to a dose-proportionality factor (DPF) of 0.46. 
Based on 1) the Data Monitoring Committee’s assessment that the frequency of gastrointestinal 
symptoms at 30 mg cytisinicline was approaching a maximum tolerated dose; 2) that increasing 
doses showed the Cmax was less than dose proportional; and 3) evidence that the Cmax had 
plateaued, it was concluded that the maximum tolerated single dose of cytisinicline in smokers 
was 30 mg. 
4.3. 
Summary of the Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-
controlled ORCA-1 (ACH-CYT-09) Trial of Cytisinicline in Adult 
Smokers 
ORCA-1 “A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase 2b Trial of 
Cytisine in Adult Smokers” was a Phase 2b study evaluating cytisinicline doses using different 
administration schedules within a 25-day treatment period and was conducted at clinical sites 
within the US.  
The study was a Phase 2b, six-arm, multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 
trial conducted in male or female adults who were daily cigarette smokers, intending to quit 
smoking, and were willing to set a quit date that was 5-7 days after the start of treatment. The 
study arms consisted of the 1.5 mg dose/downward titration schedule that is currently marketed 
in European countries, a higher dose of 3 mg using the same downward titration schedule, as 
well as a 1.5 mg and 3 mg dose using a simplified three times a day (TID) schedule, and 
respective placebo arms. The study was double-blinded to dose but not to the administration 
schedule. Study treatment started the day after randomization and was completed in 25 days. 
Follow-up assessments for smoking status and abstinence started at the End-of-Treatment visit 
(EOT: also defined as Week 4) and continued weekly to Week 8. 
Of the 254 subjects enrolled in the study, 121 (47.6%) were men and 133 (52.4%) were women. 
The mean (SD) age was 48.4 (13.0) years. For all subjects, the mean (SD) number of years as a 
smoker was 32.1 (13.7), with an average of 18.2 (6.0) cigarettes smoked per day. All subjects in 
the study attempted to quit smoking in the past, with an average (SD) of 4.5 (4.8) previous quit 
attempts.  

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Below are the most relevant efficacy results for initial quit rates at Week 4 and continuous 
abstinence rates through Weeks 5-8. Initial quit rate at Week 4 was defined for a subject as 
having reported smoking no cigarettes from Day 21 to the Day 27 EOT visit, with an expired air 
carbon monoxide (CO) reading <10 ppm at the EOT visit. Continuous abstinence, defined as no 
cigarettes smoked from Week 5 to Week 8, was measured for a subject as having reported 
smoking abstinence (no cigarettes since the last clinic visit and over the past 7 days) at each 
clinic assessment from Weeks 5, 6, 7, to Week 8 with biochemical CO verification at each 
weekly assessment. 
The respective titration placebo and TID placebo arms were pooled based on demonstrating the 
same efficacy outcome measures. Treatment compliance was high for all arms with >94% mean 
compliance for study drug administration. 
Figure 1: 
ORCA-1 Study: CO-Verified Abstinence Results 
 
CO-verified 7-day point abstinence rates at EOT (Week 4) were statistically higher in all 
cytisinicline treatment arms compared to placebo: 45% and 42% for the 1.5 mg and 3 mg 
downward titration arms and 48% and 50% for the 1.5 mg and 3 mg TID arms, respectively, 
compared to 10% for the placebo arms (Figure 1).  
Continuous abstinence as of the Week 5 assessment through to the Week 8 assessment (total of 
4 weeks of continual abstinence after the end of treatment) is also shown in Figure 1. The TID 
schedule for cytisinicline had statistically higher continuous abstinence rates compared to 
placebo, with subjects in the 3 mg cytisinicline TID arm having the highest continuous 
abstinence rate at 30% compared to 8% for placebo. Subjects in the 3 mg TID arm also had 
higher odds for continuous abstinence from cigarettes from Week 5 to Week 8 compared with 
placebo (OR: 5.04, 95% CI: 1.42, 22.32). The OR for the 1.5 mg TID arm was 4.33 (95% CI: 

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1.21, 19.30). On the downward titration schedule, the ORs for the 1.5 mg and 3 mg arms were 
3.23 (95% CI: 0.86, 14.85) and 2.24 (95% CI: 0.55, 10.82), respectively.  
No subject experienced a serious adverse event. No new or unexpected adverse events were 
identified during the study. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in intensity; only 
2 (0.8%) were severe in intensity, and both were unrelated to study drug. About half of the 
adverse events (52.9%) were not related or unlikely to be related to the study drug. Most (95.3%) 
adverse events did not result in a change in dosing, and the subject was considered recovered 
(88.2%) during the study. A total of 3 subjects who received cytisinicline and 2 subjects who 
received placebo discontinued study treatment early due to an adverse event. Adverse events 
experienced by ≥2% of subjects in the trial are summarized in Table 3. 
Table 3: 
ORCA-1 Study: Most Common Treatment-emergent Adverse Events 
Experienced by ≥2% of Subjects 
 
Cytisinicline 
Downward Titration 
Schedule 
Cytisinicline TID 
Schedule 
 
All Subjects 
(N=254) 
n (%) 
 
 
1.5 mg  
(N=51) 
n (%) 
 
3 mg 
(N=50)  
n (%) 
 
1.5 mg 
(N=52) 
n (%) 
 
3 mg 
(N=50) 
n (%) 
Pooled 
Placebo 
(N=51) 
n (%) 
Upper respiratory tract infection 
3 (5.9) 
2 (4.0) 
5 (9.6) 
3 (6.0) 
7 (13.7) 
20 (7.9) 
Abnormal dreams 
4 (7.8) 
7 (14.0) 
4 (7.7) 
3 (6.0) 
1 (2.0) 
19 (7.5) 
Nausea 
5 (9.8) 
3 (6.0) 
1 (1.9) 
3 (6.0) 
5 (9.8) 
17 (6.7) 
Insomnia 
3 (5.9) 
4 (8.0) 
4 (7.7) 
3 (6.0) 
1 (2.0) 
15 (5.9) 
Headache 
1 (2.0) 
1 (2.0) 
6 (11.5) 
2 (4.0) 
2 (3.9) 
12 (4.7) 
Fatigue 
1 (2.0) 
2 (4.0) 
3 (5.8) 
1 (2.0) 
2 (3.9) 
9 (3.5) 
Nasopharyngitis  
2 (3.9) 
2 (4.0) 
0 
2 (4.0) 
1 (2.0) 
7 (2.8) 
Gastroenteritis 
1 (2.0) 
0 
2 (3.8) 
1 (2.0) 
2 (3.9) 
6 (2.4) 
Anxiety 
1 (2.0) 
1 (2.0) 
0 
1 (2.0) 
3 (5.9) 
6 (2.4) 
Vomiting 
2 (3.9) 
2 (4.0) 
0 
1 (2.0) 
 0 
5 (2.0) 
Constipation 
0 
0 
1 (1.9) 
3 (6.0) 
1 (2.0) 
5 (2.0) 
Diarrhoea 
2 (3.9) 
1 (2.0) 
0 
0 
2 (3.9) 
5 (2.0) 
Hypertension 
2 (3.9) 
0 
2 (3.8) 
0 
1 (2.0) 
5 (2.0) 
TID = 3 times daily 
N: Number of safety subjects in the specified treatment arm. 
n: Number of subjects with data available in the specified treatment arm. 
Treatment-emergent AE was defined as any AE that was new in onset or was aggravated in severity or frequency 
after the first dose of study drug up to and including the last visit of the study. 
Adverse events were coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 21.0. 
If a subject experienced more than 1 finding within a given system organ class, that subject was counted only once 
for that system organ class. If a subject experienced more than 1 finding with a given preferred term, that subject 
was counted only once for that preferred term. 

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5. 
RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY 
Previous Phase 3 studies have shown that cytisine can be effective in helping smokers to stop 
smoking.1-3 These Phase 3 studies showed that cytisine was more effective than placebo and 
NRT, and as effective as varenicline for smoking cessation with an excellent safety profile. 
These trials used cytisine manufactured by Sopharma and safety results were consistent with the 
safety profile reported by Sopharma. Since tobacco smoking contributes to some 9 million 
premature deaths each year worldwide,9 using cytisinicline as a smoking cessation aid could 
offer far more benefit with minor risks of treatment when compared to that of continued 
smoking.  
Data from the international EAGLES trial (N= 8120) were used to assess predictors for 
continuous smoking abstinence outcomes from weeks 9-24.4 These analyses provided clear 
evidence that US origin was associated with lower success rates of stopping, regardless of 
treatment (varenicline, bupropion, or NRT). The continuous abstinence rates from 9-24 weeks in 
the US were 16.1%, 11.4% and 10.6% for varenicline, bupropion, or NRT, respectively, 
compared to 6.7% placebo treatment. The odds ratios (OR) for these treatments in the US were 
2.66, 1.78, and 1.64, respectively. The lower success rate in US smokers support the view that 
smokers in the US may have reached a point in the tobacco epidemic such that those who 
continue to smoke, despite strong cultural pressures not to smoke, have particular characteristics 
that make it more difficult for them to stop smoking. This highlights the need for more effective 
treatments for treating smokers in the US. 
In the ORCA-1 Trial, conducted only in the US, the study population represented highly addicted 
smokers who on average were 48.4 years old and had been smoking for 32 years, meaning that 
most of them had started smoking in their adolescent years. In addition, they had an average of 
4.5 prior quit attempts with the last quit attempt approximately 3.7 years prior to entering the 
study and were currently smoking an average of 1 pack of 20 cigarettes a day. Although the 3 mg 
TID schedule for cytisinicline showed significant abstinence rates starting from the End-of-
Treatment (Week 4) through Week 8 (continuous abstinence rate of 30% compared to 8% for 
placebo), comments from study investigators and smokers participating in the study stated that a 
longer treatment would have been preferred. Since the 3 mg TID schedule is a more simplified 
schedule with high treatment compliance and a well-tolerated safety profile, a slightly longer 
6-Week 3 mg cytisinicline treatment will be evaluated as well as another 6 weeks of treatment 
for a total of 12 weeks.  
This Phase 3 study will be the second Phase 3 to be conducted at separate sites within the US and 
will also evaluate the 3 mg cytisinicline TID schedule for a longer treatment duration of 6 weeks 
as well as repeating that duration for a total of 12 weeks treatment. All subjects will receive 
standard behavioral support for smoking cessation during the study. Study treatment will be 
blinded and the 3 study treatment arms are defined below:  
• Arm A (placebo TID for 12 weeks plus behavioral support). 
• Arm B (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 6 weeks followed by placebo TID for 6 weeks plus 
behavioral support). 
• Arm C (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 12 weeks plus behavioral support). 

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6. 
STUDY OBJECTIVES 
6.1. 
Multiple Primary Efficacy Objectives 
The multiple primary objectives are based on two comparisons where study success can be based 
on success for either comparison: 
1. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm B (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 6 weeks 
followed by placebo TID for 6 weeks plus behavioral support) have a higher probability 
of abstinence from Week 3 to Week 6 post-randomization as compared to subjects 
randomized to Arm A (placebo TID plus behavioral support). 
2. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm C (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 12 weeks plus 
behavioral support) have a higher probability of abstinence from Week 9 to Week 12 
post-randomization as compared to subjects randomized to Arm A (placebo TID plus 
behavioral support). 
6.2. 
Secondary Efficacy Objectives   
The analysis for secondary objectives 1 and 2 will be done only if the corresponding primary 
comparison passes statistical criterion. 
1. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm B (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 6 weeks 
followed by placebo TID for 6 weeks plus behavioral support) have a higher probability 
of continuous abstinence from Week 6 to Week 24 post-randomization as compared to 
subjects randomized to Arm A (placebo TID plus behavioral support).  
2. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm C (3 mg cytisinicline TID for 12 weeks plus 
behavioral support) have a higher probability of continuous abstinence from Week 12 to 
Week 24 post-randomization as compared to subjects randomized to Arm A (placebo 
TID plus behavioral support). 
The analysis for secondary objective 3 will be conditional and performed only if both primary 
comparisons 1 and 2 pass statistical criterion. 
3. Assess for a reduction in risk of relapse from Week 6 to Week 24 in subjects receiving 
3 mg cytisinicline for 6 weeks and then either continue 3 mg cytisinicline from Week 6 to 
Week 12 (Arm C) or were switched to placebo from Week 6 to Week 12 (Arm B). 
Subjects not abstinent at Week 6 will be regarded as having relapsed. 
6.3. 
Other Objectives 
1. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on 7-day point prevalence 
abstinence weekly at Week 2 to Week 12, then for Weeks 16, 20, and 24. 
2. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on serum cotinine levels every 
other week at Week 2 to Week 12, then at Weeks 16, 20, and 24. 
3. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on expired CO levels every week 
at Week 2 through Week 12, then at Weeks 16, 20, and 24. 

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4. To compare arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) on use of any non-cigarette 
nicotine products, including vaping during study treatment (Week 2 through Week 12) 
and study follow-up (Week 16 through Week 24). 
5. Assess whether subjects randomized to Arm B have a higher probability of abstinence 
from Week 9 to Week 12 as compared to subjects randomized to Arm A (placebo). 
6. Assess among the subset of subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 3 to Week 6, 
whether subjects randomized to Arm B have a higher probability of continuous 
abstinence from Week 3 to Week 24 post-randomization as compared to homologous 
subjects randomized to Arm A.  
7. Assess among the subset of subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 3 to Week 6, 
whether subjects randomized to Arm C have a higher probability of continuous 
abstinence at Week 24 post-randomization as compared to subjects randomized to 
Arm B. 
8. Assess among the subset of subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 9 to Week 12, 
whether subjects randomized to Arm C have a higher probability of continuous 
abstinence from Week 9 to Week 24 post-randomization as compared to homologous 
subjects randomized to Arm A. 
9. Among subjects who achieve abstinence from Week 3 to Week 6, compare time to failure 
to maintain abstinence between arms (Arm B vs Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A) to Week 24. 
10. To explore the magnitude of treatment effect between arms across various subgroups 
defined by demographic and baseline characteristics for the primary and secondary 
outcomes.  
11. To explore potential relationships between subject-reported outcomes (eg, anxiety, 
depression, withdrawal symptoms, tobacco craving) and the primary and secondary 
outcomes. 
12. To assess possible withdrawal symptoms at Week 7 in Arm B subjects who will have 
discontinued cytisinicline at Week 6, analyzing separately for nicotine status (eg, either 
smoking, abstinent, or if using other nicotine products including vaping or nicotine 
replacement therapy [NRT]) compared to Arms A and Arm C. 
6.4. 
Safety Objectives 
1. To evaluate the safety profile of 3 mg TID cytisinicline compared to placebo (Arm B vs 
Arm A; Arm C vs Arm A). 
2. To compare the safety profiles of Arm B subjects versus Arm C subjects with respect to 
adverse events occurring after Week 6 on the study. 

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7. 
STUDY DESIGN OVERVIEW 
7.1. 
Study Design 
This will be a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 study 
conducted in male or female adults who are ≥18 years age, current daily cigarette smokers, 
intending to quit smoking, and are willing to set a quit date within 5-7 days of being randomized 
on the study. Study treatment must start the day after randomization such that study treatment is 
initiated prior to the quit date.  
Subjects must meet all requirements outlined in the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 
Approximately 750 subjects will be randomly assigned with equal probability (1:1:1) to three 
arms: (Arm A, 12 weeks placebo: N=250; Arm B, 6 weeks cytisinicline followed by 6 weeks 
placebo:  N=250; Arm C, 12 weeks of cytisinicline) as shown in the study design figure below. 
Figure 2: 
ACH-CYT-04 (ORCA-3) Study Design Overview 
 
This study will be conducted at approximately 15-19 clinical sites across the US. Subjects will be 
randomized within site, with the goal of balancing between arm allocation within clinical sites in 
order to minimize imbalance for the assessment of evidence of heterogeneity of effect estimates 
across sites. Clinical sites will be used as a stratification factor in primary analyses. 
The study will be comprised of a pre-study screen, followed by 12 weeks of treatment, and post-
treatment follow up visits to 24 weeks post-randomization.  
Each randomized subject will receive 12 weeks of treatment using a TID dosing schedule. 
Determination of smoking cessation will be made from the subject’s self-report of abstinence 
accompanied by expired carbon monoxide (CO) biochemical verification. Assessments of 
smoking abstinence will begin on Week 2 (Day 14±1 post-randomization) and will continue 
weekly during the Treatment Period, then at the Weeks 16, 20 and 24 Follow-up Period visits.  
 
 
R 
A 
N 
D 
O 
M 
I 
Z 
E 
Arm A 
Placebo 
12 Weeks + Behavioral Support 
Arm B 
Cytisinicline 
6 Weeks + Behavioral Support, followed by 
Placebo 
6 Weeks + Behavioral Support 
 
 
 
 
S 
C 
R 
E 
E 
N 
F 
O 
L 
L 
O 
W 
 
U 
P 
Arm C  
Cytisinicline 
12 Weeks + Behavioral Support 

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All subjects will receive concurrent smoking cessation behavioral support during the study 
Treatment Period (Weeks 1-12). Additional behavioral support will be provided during the 
Follow-up period based on issues/concerns/questions raised by the subject. 
Safety assessments at clinic visits will occur on Day 7 during Week 1 and then weekly 
throughout the Treatment Period. Laboratory hematology and chemistry assessments will be 
made on Day 7, Week 6 and Week 12 during the Treatment Period. Adverse events will be 
monitored though the Follow-up Period. Any ongoing adverse events at Week 24 will be 
followed until resolved or determined to be chronic. The end of study is defined as the last 
follow-up visit (up to the Week 24 visit) for the last subject. 
Treatment assignment unblinding for subjects will not occur until the end of the study has been 
reached, the database has been locked, and final study analyses have been performed, unless 
defined as an unblinding exception in Section 7.3.4. 
7.2. 
Treatment Period (12 Weeks) 
Treatment Period must begin on the day after randomization. Study treatment will be blinded, 
and subjects will take one study tablet three times during the day, approximately 5 hours apart. 
Subjects randomly assigned to Arm A will take one placebo tablet at each dosing per day for 
12 weeks. Arm B subjects will take one cytisinicline tablet at each dosing per day for the first 
6 weeks followed by one placebo tablet at each dosing per day for the last 6 weeks. Arm C 
subjects will take one cytisinicline tablet at each dosing per day for 12 weeks.  
7.3. 
Discussion of Study Design 
7.3.1. 
Placebo Control 
A placebo control in this study design is necessary to control for response bias in evaluating 
cessation and safety. Behavioral support alone has been shown to be effective in helping 
smokers to quit and all subjects, including placebo control subjects, will receive behavioral 
support to aid their smoking cessation attempt. In addition, this study evaluates the effectiveness 
of cytisinicline when administered for either 6 weeks or 12 weeks compared to one placebo 
group, and the 1:1:1 randomization schedule means that subjects have a 2 in 3 chance of 
receiving active study drug. The use of a placebo group is therefore considered justified. 
7.3.2. 
Primary Endpoint 
Smoking abstinence during the last 4 weeks of treatment as the primary endpoint mirrors the 
prior varenicline Phase 3 trials and other smoking cessation trials for regulatory approval. Most 
of these prior Phase 3 trials had a “grace” period with success determined as having 4 weeks 
abstinence during the last 4 weeks of treatment. For varenicline, treatment was for 12 weeks with 
the first 8 weeks as a “grace” period and weekly assessments at Weeks 9-12 while on treatment 
was the primary endpoint assessment. Arm B in this study will assess the benefit of a shorter, 
6-Week cytisinicline treatment having the first 2 weeks as a “grace period” and weekly 
assessments at Weeks 3-6 while on treatment as the primary endpoint assessment. Arm C in this 
study will mirror that same treatment duration as varenicline with weekly assessments at 
Weeks 9-12 while on treatment as the primary endpoint assessment. 

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Cytisinicline treatment was developed as a shorter treatment for smoking cessation, especially 
for smokers who do not want to commit to 12 weeks of treatment. However, the commercial 
25-day treatment period may be too short on treatment, since smoking relapse appeared high in 
ORCA-1 from the end of treatment abstinence (Week 4) during the Weeks 5-8 assessment 
period. Therefore, this study will evaluate the benefit of a slightly longer 6-Week treatment 
period as well as repeating the treatment period for a 12-Week treatment duration. The 6-Week 
treatment period which is half in duration may still be beneficial and have a better safety profile 
due to less time on treatment.  
For the primary endpoint, success is defined as complete abstinence during the last 4 weeks of 
treatment with weekly expired CO measurements ≤10 ppm for both 6- and 12-Week cytisinicline 
treatment durations plus behavioral support (Arm B and Arm C, respectively) compared to 
placebo plus behavioral support (Arm A).  
7.3.3. 
Blinding 
This double-blind study design protects against subjective bias in reporting both efficacy and 
safety. Blinding will occur by coding the individual study drug cartons and packs by an 
independent vendor assigned to the trial. The Sponsor and site personnel will not have access to 
the treatment assignment for individual subjects (except as an emergency; refer to Section 7.3.4) 
until the database is locked and final study analysis at 24 weeks post-randomization has been 
performed. 
7.3.4. 
Unblinding  
There is no intention to routinely unblind individual subjects at any time. During the study, 
emergency unblinding for treatment or regulatory reporting of adverse events might need to be 
performed as described below.  
Unblinding may be done if the subject's well-being or treatment of adverse events requires 
knowledge of study drug assignment. The investigator must first contact the Study Medical 
Monitor, or representative, who will coordinate access to the study drug treatment assignment 
code via the independent vendor.  
Examples of unblinding for treatment emergencies include:  
• A life-threatening, unexpected adverse event that is thought to be related to study 
drug and for which unblinding would change or influence treatment decisions. 
• Medication error, such as an accidental overdose, that would warrant unblinding in 
order to more effectively manage toxicity. 
Unblinding by the Sponsor may also be necessary to determine whether a serious and unexpected 
suspected adverse reaction (SUSAR) requires expedited reporting to FDA or warrants an 
independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) assessment in the context of the study 
population. Per FDA guidance, the sponsor must report an adverse event as a SUSAR only if 
there is evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the investigational drug and the 
adverse event such as: 
• A single occurrence of an event that is uncommon and known to be strongly 
associated with drug exposure; 

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• One or more occurrences of an event that is not commonly associated with the 
investigational drug exposure, but is otherwise uncommon in the population exposed 
to the drug; 
• An aggregate analysis of specific events observed in a clinical trial (such as known 
consequences of the underlying disease or condition under investigation or other 
events that commonly occur in the study population independent of drug therapy) that 
indicates those events occur more frequently in the investigational drug treatment 
group than in the concurrent control group. 
Any unblinding of specific subjects by the Sponsor or required at the site level must be 
documented by the Sponsor. 
7.4. 
Number of Subjects 
Approximately 750 subjects will be randomized to the study, with approximately 250 subjects 
per arm. Efforts will be taken to coordinate weekly limits to enrollment rates among the 
participating sites in order to ensure adequate subject management and timely study data entry. 
The maximum number of subjects that a single site may be allowed to enroll, is 10% of the study 
total.  
7.5. 
Randomization  
Sites will utilize an Interactive Response Technology (IRT) system for treatment arm assignment 
at randomization (Day 0). The IRT will randomize within site. Detailed instructions are provided 
in the Study Reference Manual. 
7.6. 
 Number of Clinical Sites 
This will be a multicenter clinical trial within the US. Approximately 15-19 clinical sites will 
participate.  
7.7. 
Estimated Duration/Completion of Study 
Duration of this study is estimated to be approximately 24 weeks for an individual subject (from 
randomization to Week 24 follow-up visit). Completion of the entire study is estimated at 
12 months with ~2 months accrual ramp-up, an additional 4 months to complete accrual and 
6 months for the last randomized subject to complete the study. 
8. 
SELECTION OF STUDY POPULATION 
Each potential subject will be provided with an informed consent form that has been reviewed 
and approved by the site’s governing institutional review board (IRB). In accordance with the 
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines on informed consent, the Principal 
Investigator (or designee) will provide potential subjects with a verbal description of the study 
including, but not limited to, study purpose, study procedures, risks and duration. Potential 
subjects will be asked to read the consent form and to sign and date it once all of their questions 
have been answered and they voluntarily agree to participate in the study. A copy of the signed 
informed consent form will be provided to the subject. 

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Upon obtaining signed informed consent, each subject will undergo the screening procedures 
outlined in Section 12.2.1. A screening log will be maintained by the site and will include 
documentation for screening failures. Subjects meeting all inclusion/exclusion criteria will then 
be randomized to treatment and begin the study procedures. All subjects are considered enrolled 
once randomized.  
This clinical trial can fulfill its objectives only if appropriate subjects are enrolled. The following 
eligibility criteria are designed to select subjects for whom protocol treatment and procedures are 
considered appropriate. All relevant medical and non-medical conditions should be taken into 
consideration when deciding whether this protocol is suitable for a particular subject.  
8.1. 
Inclusion Criteria 
Subjects must meet ALL of the following criteria to be eligible for inclusion into the study:  
1. Male or female subjects, age ≥18 years.  
2. Current daily cigarette smokers (averaging at least 10 cigarettes per day upon completing 
a 7-day screening smoking diary) and who intend to quit smoking. 
3. Expired air carbon monoxide (CO) ≥10 ppm.  
4. Failed at least one previous attempt to stop smoking with or without therapeutic support. 
5. Willing to initiate study treatment on the day after randomization and set a quit date 
within 5-7 days of starting treatment. 
6. Willing to actively participate in the study’s smoking cessation behavioral support 
provided throughout the study. 
7. Able to fully understand all study requirements, willing to participate, and comply with 
dosing schedule. 
8.  Sign the Informed Consent Form. 
8.2. 
Exclusion Criteria 
Subjects meeting ANY of the following exclusion criteria will NOT be eligible for inclusion 
into the study. 
1. More than 1 study participant in same household during the 12-week treatment period. 
2. Previous cytisinicline treatment in a prior clinical study or any other cytisine usage. 
3. Known hypersensitivity to cytisinicline or any of the excipients. 
4. Positive urinary drugs of abuse screen, determined within 28 days before the first dose of 
cytisinicline.  
5. Clinically significant abnormal serum chemistry or hematology values within 28 days of 
randomization (ie, requiring treatment or monitoring).  
6. Clinically significant abnormalities in 12-lead ECG determined after minimum of 
5 minutes in supine position within 28 days of randomization (ie, requiring treatment or 
further assessment). 

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7. Recent history (within 3 months) of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, 
cerebrovascular incident, or hospitalization for congestive heart failure. 
8. Current uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg). 
9. Currently psychotic or having had a psychotic event within 3 months. If any subject 
becomes psychotic during the study, they must be removed from treatment and/or 
additional study visits. 
10. Currently having suicidal ideation or risk for suicide (“Yes” to either question 4 or 
question 5 OR “Yes” to any suicidal behavior question on the C-SSRS with clear suicidal 
intent or previous attempt). 
11. Current symptoms of moderate to severe depression (depression score ≥11on the HADS). 
12. Renal impairment defined as a creatinine clearance (CrCl) <60 mL/min (estimated with 
the Cockroft-Gault equation). 
13. Hepatic impairment defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate 
aminotransferase (AST) >2.0 x the upper limit of normal (ULN). 
14. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding. 
15. Male or female subjects of childbearing potential who do not agree to use acceptable 
methods of birth control during the study treatment period. 
16. Participation in a clinical study with an investigational drug in the 4 weeks prior to 
randomization. 
17. Treatment with other smoking cessation medications (bupropion, varenicline, 
nortriptyline, or any nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) in the 4 weeks prior to 
randomization or planned use of these other smoking cessation medications during the 
study. 
18. Use within the 2 weeks prior to randomization or planned use during the study of non-
cigarette and/or noncombustible nicotine products (pipe tobacco, cigars, snuff, smokeless 
tobacco, hookah, e-cigarettes/vaping) or marijuana smoking or vaping. 
19. Any other reason that the investigator views the subject should not participate or would 
be unable to fulfill the requirements for the study. 
8.3. 
Modifying or Discontinuing Study Treatment and/or Study  
8.3.1. 
Study Treatment Modifications during the 12-Week Treatment Period 
Dose modifications in general are not allowed. On a case by case exception, the study treatment 
may be reduced to a twice a day (BID) schedule. These exceptions are only allowed for subjects 
who experience moderate or severe AEs (eg, nausea, insomnia, nightmares, anxiety) that might 
be attributed to study drug and would otherwise discontinue study treatment due to the AE. The 
reduction of one dose from a TID to a BID schedule should be related to the timing of the 
moderate or severe AE. For example, removing the evening dose for AEs related to insomnia or 
nightmares OR removing the morning dose for nausea or other gastrointestinal symptoms related 
to possible fasting conditions. Any dose reductions need to be discussed and coordinated with 

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the Study Medical Monitor, or representative, prior to any dose reduction. Once a dose reduction 
to a BID schedule occurs, no re-escalation back to a TID schedule is allowed. If the dose 
reduction to a BID schedule does not improve the AE symptoms to a tolerable level then further 
dose reductions should not occur and the subject should discontinue study treatment. 
8.3.2. 
Discontinuation of Study during the 12-Week Treatment Period 
Subjects can be discontinued from study during the Treatment Period for the reasons below:  
1. If a subject experiences a serious or intolerable adverse event that prevents the subject 
from continuing study drug.  
2. If a subject becomes psychotic. 
3. At the Investigator’s request (eg, if the Investigator considers that the subject’s health 
might be compromised by continuing study drug). Non-compliance should not be a 
reason for discontinuing treatment. 
4. If a subject becomes pregnant during the study treatment period, study drug should be 
discontinued; however, the subject should remain on the study for continued safety 
assessments and other study evaluations. 
5. At the request of the subject who does not want to continue study drug treatment. 
The reason for discontinuation of study will be recorded in the CRF.  
If discontinuing study during the 12-Week Treatment Period, subjects are to complete the 
planned 12-week assessments at the time of discontinuing, and record on the Early 
Discontinuation CRF.  
If a subject discontinues study due to any adverse event or any abnormalities considered to 
be clinically significant by the investigating physician, the subject will be followed until 
values are considered to be clinically acceptable or deemed chronic. 
8.3.3. 
Discontinuation of Study during the Follow-up Period  
All subjects should remain in the study and provide the required follow-up visits until the 
Week 24 follow-up assessment is completed except if a subject becomes psychotic or is lost to 
follow-up (eg, moved to an untraceable address) or withdraws consent for the follow-up visits. If 
a subject discontinues from the study during the follow-up period, the date of discontinuation 
and reason will be recorded in the CRF. 
9. 
INVESTIGATIONAL MEDICINAL PRODUCT (IMP) 
9.1. 
Cytisinicline Film-Coated Tablets 
Cytisinicline will be supplied by the Sponsor. The cytisinicline drug product is formulated as a 
compressed film-coated tablet containing 3 mg cytisinicline in a single tablet. Each tablet is 
composed of cytisinicline active substance (as the base) and well-established tablet-forming 
excipients. Refer to Investigator’s Brochure for more detail. 

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9.2. 
Placebo Tablets 
Placebo tablets will contain the same excipients as in the cytisinicline tablet formulation plus 
additional cellulose powder in order to match final weight of the cytisinicline tablet. Placebo 
tablets will be identical in size, shape, color, and packaging in order to preserve the double-blind 
design of the study. 
9.3. 
Receipt and Storage  
The Study Drug will be supplied in 1-week treatment blister packs with 6 individual weekly 
blister packs in a carton (6 weeks of treatment). Each subject will be assigned 2 cartons for 
completing the 84 days (12 weeks) of study treatment. The first carton will be assigned on Day 0 
and the second carton will be assigned on Day 35 (Week 5) so that treatment can follow assigned 
treatment arm (Figure 2). A clinical supplies management vendor will label, package, and 
distribute study drug to the sites. 
Drug supply will be managed via an IRT program to maintain predetermined stock levels at the 
sites and/or handle resupply using site initiated requests. Upon receipt, details of study drug 
supplied shall be documented using the IRT and/or internal site login procedures. 
The study drug shall be stored in a secure, temperature controlled location and only 
dispensed by suitably trained staff. 
9.4. 
Administration 
Study drug will be supplied as compressed tablets in blister packs. Tablets should be swallowed 
whole with water. Food does not influence the overall absorption of cytisinicline, so there are 
no restrictions on dosing with respect to the timing of meals.  
9.5. 
Return/Destruction 
At the end of the study, all unused study drug should be destroyed by the sites as directed by the 
Sponsor, unless a prearranged return to depot or to the Sponsor has been requested.  
9.6. 
Method of Assigning Subjects to Arms 
Subjects will be allocated to arms according to a predetermined randomization schedule and 
randomly assigned with equal probability (1:1:1) once all screening procedures are completed 
and verified. Randomization will be stratified by site.  
Subjects will be assigned a unique study identification (I.D.) number at randomization by the 
site. The study I.D. number will consist of 2 parts. The first part identifies the site (3 digits), and 
the second part identifies the subject (3 digits). Subject numbers will be assigned sequentially 
from 301 (ie, 301, 302, etc.) Study drug assignment will occur via IRT. The IRT system will 
identify what study drug carton with 6 weekly packs should be used via a randomly-assigned 
number printed on the carton and respective packs so that treatment assignment blind can be 
maintained. In addition, the appropriate treatment week should be written on each individual 
pack by the clinical site upon assignment to the subject. The site should label the assigned carton 
and packs with the subject’s study I.D. number and include both in the applicable source 
documents (ie, drug accountability log). 

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The clinical research staff will record study drug (tablet) administration and all related 
information on the applicable source documents, to allow investigational product accountability 
and evaluation of subject compliance. 
9.7. 
Study Drug Dosing Schedule 
All subjects will receive 1 tablet for each of three dosing times, approximately every 5 hours per 
day. This 3 times a day (TID) schedule will be maintained for the 12-Week Treatment Period. 
Initial treatment Day 1 for the 12-Week Treatment Period must start on the day after 
randomization. 
9.8. 
Accountability 
The pharmacist or pharmacist designee will maintain records of study drug receipt at the trial 
site, inventory at the site, dispensing for each subject, and any destruction or possible return of 
unused doses to the site for investigational product accountability.  
Study drug for each subject will be configured into 2 coded study drug cartons, one of which will 
be assigned at randomization and the other will be assigned just prior to the Day 42 (Week 6) 
visit. Each carton will in turn contain 6 study drug packs and each pack will contain 21 tablets to 
cover 7 days (1 week) dosing. Clinic staff will distribute and collect the 7-day packs as the 
subject progresses through the clinic visits and will conduct ongoing accountability during each 
clinic visit by reviewing each subject’s dosing timing in the treatment diary and associated blister 
packs. Used packs will be retained so that the Sponsor's monitoring staff can verify 
accountability records. 
Upon completion of the study, all the investigational study drug product that has not been used 
and all the empty containers of the used investigational product at the sites will be destroyed or 
returned to the depot or Sponsor. 
10. 
PREVIOUS AND CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS 
All subjects will continue to receive any existing prescription medication. Every effort should be 
made to ensure that the regimen of existing medications remain stable during the study.  
At the discretion of the Investigator, the use of non-study drug medications (either prescription 
or over-the-counter) may be given if clinically-indicated during the study. Full details of any new 
medications must be recorded in the subject’s Case Report Form (CRF).  
All concomitant medication(s) taken during the trial, and any changes (additions, deletions, dose 
changes) must be recorded in the CRF.  
 
 

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11. 
TREATMENT COMPLIANCE 
Treatment compliance will be monitored during the 84-day (12 week) Treatment Period via 
review of dose timing and drug accountability. Subjects will have a daily treatment diary that 
will record the number of tablets taken and time taken. Subjects will be instructed to bring their 
medication packs (blister packs) to each clinic visit so that clinic staff can reconcile against the 
treatment diary, recording the number of tablets taken and the number of missed tablets. In 
addition, an optional text messaging system will be implemented that will provide each subject 
with reminder texts corresponding to the approximate time of dosing. 
12. 
STUDY PROCEDURES 
After providing signed informed consent, all subjects will be evaluated for inclusion in the study 
within a 28-day Screening Period. Subjects who meet inclusion criteria will be required to 
provide a quit date that must be within 5-7 days after the start of treatment and agree to initiating 
study treatment the day after randomization. Both planned quit and treatment start dates must be 
documented to confirm inclusion. Once all eligibility criteria are confirmed, randomization can 
occur. Study Day 1 will be defined as the first day of treatment. Subjects will complete a clinic 
visit on Day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 86. Follow-up visits will be scheduled at 
Weeks 16, 20 and 24. 
12.1. 
Procedure Schedule  
Table 4 provides a summary of required study evaluations. Refer to Section 12.2 for a detailed 
description of each study visit. Screening evaluations are to occur within a 28 day interval from 
initiation of screening evaluations to randomization. Subjects must initiate study treatment the 
day after randomization, such that study treatment is initiated on Day 1 prior to the quit date, 
within 5-7 days of Day 1.

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Table 4: 
Schedule of Study Procedures During Treatment Period 
Study Assessment 
Screening 
Period 
(Day-28 to 
Rand) 
Randomization 
 
Treatment Period 
Week 1 – Week 12 (Day 84) 
 
(Days 7-86 are ±1 Day) 
 
 
SV 
1 
SV 
21 
Day 
0 
D12 
W1 
(D7) 
W2  
(D14) 
W3  
(D21) 
W4  
(D28) 
W5  
(D35) 
W6  
(D42) 
W7  
(D49) 
W8  
(D56) 
W9  
(D63) 
W10  
(D70) 
W11 
(D77) 
W123 
(D86) 
Informed Consent 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inclusion/Exclusion 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demographics 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medical and Psychiatric 
History  
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C-SSRS Questionnaire4 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
Physical Exam 
•5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Smoking History 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urine Pregnancy Test 
for all Females6 
• 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
• 
Drugs of Abuse Screen7 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vital Signs including 
weight  
•8 
 
• 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Hematology and 
Chemistry 
• 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
12-lead ECG 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
Concomitant 
Medications 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Quit Date Set and 
Treatment Day 1 
Scheduled 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Review Smoking & 
Treatment Diary 
Completion 
Instructions9 
• 
 
• 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Review Smoking 
Diary10 
• 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Review Treatment 
Diary Entries for 
Completeness and 
Compliance11 
 
 
 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Adverse Event 
Reporting 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Study Drug 
Distribution, 
 
 
• 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

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Study Assessment 
Screening 
Period 
(Day-28 to 
Rand) 
Randomization 
 
Treatment Period 
Week 1 – Week 12 (Day 84) 
 
(Days 7-86 are ±1 Day) 
 
 
SV 
1 
SV 
21 
Day 
0 
D12 
W1 
(D7) 
W2  
(D14) 
W3  
(D21) 
W4  
(D28) 
W5  
(D35) 
W6  
(D42) 
W7  
(D49) 
W8  
(D56) 
W9  
(D63) 
W10  
(D70) 
W11 
(D77) 
W123 
(D86) 
Accountability and 
Collection 
Behavioral Support 
 
•12 
• 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Fagerström Test of 
Nicotine Dependence 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Self-Efficacy 
Questionnaire 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QSU-Brief  
Questionnaire 
 
 
• 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MNWS Questionnaire13 
 
 
• 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
HADS Questionnaire 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
Smoking Cessation 
Status 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Expired CO 
• 
 
• 
 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Use of any non-
cigarette nicotine 
products14 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Serum Cotinine 
•15 
 
 
 
 
• 
 
• 
 
• 
 
• 
 
• 
 
• 
1Randomization may occur at the SV2 visit IF subject can commit to a quit date that allows start of treatment the following day. In such cases all Day 0 (Randomization) 
procedures must be completed at the SV2 clinic visit. 
2Clinic will telephone each subject towards the end of Day 1 (first day of treatment) to make sure subject has taken medication according to dosing schedule, answer any 
questions, assess for adverse events and any concomitant medications.  
3The final day of treatment should be on Day 84. In order to ensure subject completes all treatment prior to assessments, the W12 visit is to be scheduled on 
Day 86±1 Day. If subject discontinues the study prior to Week 12, complete the planned 12-week assessments at the time of discontinuing, and record on the Early 
Discontinuation CRF.  
4 The Screening assessment for suicidal ideation (questions 1-5) will be asked in the temporal context of “within the past 3 months” and the Suicidal Behavior questions 
will be asked within the temporal context of  “within lifetime” in order to fully evaluate current ideation or risk of suicide. Assessments conducted at Week 6 and Week 
12 will ask all questions in the temporal context of “since last assessment” for suicidal ideation/risk. 
5Physical exam may be conducted at either the SV1 or the SV2. 
6 Urine pregnancy test kits supplied to site by central laboratory. All other testing performed by a central laboratory. Test results must be negative at the SV1 and D0 visit 
for inclusion into the study, excluding females who are surgically sterile (hysterectomy or tubal ligation) or are >2 years post-menopausal. 
7 Drugs of abuse to include at a minimum amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, ecstasy, opiates, and phencyclidine. 
8 To include height at screening for BMI calculation. 
9 There are two distinct diaries to be used: The screening smoking diary will capture daily cigarette consumption for 7 consecutive days so that an average can be 
obtained to assess Inclusion Criteria #2. The on-study treatment diary is to assess treatment compliance and will capture each study drug dose date and time. 

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10Number of cigarettes smoked daily will be recorded in a 7-day smoking diary to be completed by the subject between SV1 and SV2. Adequate completion of the 7-day 
screening diary with an average of at least 10 cigarettes smoked per day is required for inclusion into the study.  
11Study subjects are to make daily diary entries noting date and time of each dose. Sites are to review these prior (via on-line access) and during clinic visits to ensure 
subject is completing entries in real-time and accurately. 
12Setting the quit date and plan is to be considered the first behavioral support counseling session. 
13The MNWS questionnaire to assess withdrawal will be administered to all subjects on Day 0 and then weekly at Week 1 through Week 7 clinic visits.  
14 Although planned use during the study is an exclusion criteria, record any actual use of non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping. 
15Serum will be collected with other laboratory testing at SV1 for cotinine testing and another sample will be frozen/stored for possible Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR) 
testing at baseline only. Serum collected on subjects that are screen-failed will be destroyed. 
 
Table 5: 
Schedule of Procedure During Follow-up Period 
Study Assessment 
Follow-up Period 
Week 16–Week 241 
 (Week Visits ±1 Week) 
 
Week 16 
Week 20 
Week 24 
Behavioral Support2 
• 
• 
• 
Adverse Event Reporting 
• 
• 
• 
Smoking Cessation Status 
• 
• 
• 
Expired CO 
• 
• 
• 
Use of any non-cigarette nicotine products3 
• 
• 
• 
Serum Cotinine 
• 
• 
• 
1All subjects regardless of smoking status at Week 12 will continue for follow-up at the Week 16, Week 20 and Week 24 clinic visits.  
2Behavioral support sessions during the Follow-up Period are abbreviated and based only on issues/concerns/questions raised by subject for Weeks 16, 20 and 24. 
3Record any actual use of non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping.  
 
 
 

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12.2. 
Detailed Description of Study Visits 
12.2.1. 
Screening Phase (SV1 – SV2) 
Screening assessments used to evaluate inclusion and exclusion criteria (SV1) can occur during 1 
or more clinical visits over a 28-day period prior to randomization.  
Screening (Day -28 to Randomization Day 0) 
Study procedures include: 
1. Written informed consent obtained. 
2. Demographic data. 
3. Document medical and psychiatric history (including, but not limited to, any diagnosis of 
schizophrenia or bipolar psychiatric illness, and any occurrences of panic attacks or post-
traumatic stress disorder). 
4. Document suicidal ideation, risk, intent, or attempt as determined via administration and 
assessment of the Screening C-SSRS questionnaire (Appendix 1).  
5. Depression is to be assessed via subject’s completion of the HADS questionnaire, using 
total score derived from the depression-related questions only (Appendix 6). 
6. Physical examination. 
7. Document any existing adverse events. 
8. Concomitant medications. 
9. Review of smoking history, to include year started smoking, information about previous 
quit attempts (and methods/treatments used), average number of cigarettes smoked per 
day over the past 30 days, and type of cigarettes typically smoked (regular vs menthol).  
10. Provide smoking diary instructions to capture number of cigarettes smoked for 7 
consecutive days. This diary will be reviewed at Screening Visit 2 to verify that Inclusion 
#2 is met (averaging at least 10 cigarettes per day over a 7 day period). 
11. Expired CO. 
12. Vital signs, including weight and height for BMI calculation. 
13. Urine pregnancy for all female subjects, excluding those who are surgically sterile 
(hysterectomy or tubal ligation) or are > 2 years post-menopausal. 
14. Drugs of abuse screen. 
15. Hematology and Chemistry testing. 
16. Serum collected and frozen for cotinine testing. Actual baseline cotinine testing will be 
completed only for subjects that are randomized (batch tested). NOTE: An additional 
minimum 1.0 mL serum will be frozen and stored by the central laboratory for possible 
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR) testing at baseline only. These serum samples will be 
destroyed for all subjects that are screen-fails. 
 

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17. 12-lead ECG. 
18. Review all inclusion and exclusion criteria and if satisfied, schedule Screening Visit #2.  
Screening Visit prior to randomization (SV2) 
1. During the Screening Visit document any existing adverse events and concomitant 
medications. Note: Subjects must have adequately completed the 7-day daily smoking 
diary and have reported smoking an average of at least 10 cigarettes on 7 consecutive 
days to be eligible for inclusion into the study. 
2. Each subject to provide their quit date, which must be 5-7 days after randomization 
(Treatment Day 5, 6 or 7) and the quit date must be documented. Setting a quit date and 
plan will be considered as the initial behavioral support session with the subject. The quit 
date will then determine the date for randomization. If a subject can commit to a quit date 
that allows for treatment to start the following day, the Screening Visit may be treated as 
Day 0 and the subject can be randomized. In such cases, all procedures outlined in 
(Section 12.2.2) must be completed. 
12.2.2. 
Randomization  
Randomization (Day 0) 
Randomization must be performed within 5-7 days prior to the agreed upon quit date. All other 
screening evaluations must be completed with 28 days prior to the Randomization Day. Study 
treatment must start on the day after randomization. 
Study procedures include: 
1. Update concomitant medication(s). 
2. Document any existing adverse events. 
3. Vital signs, including weight. 
4. Urine pregnancy for all female subjects, excluding those who are surgically sterile 
(hysterectomy or tubal ligation) or are > 2 years post-menopausal. 
5. Expired CO.  
Upon completion of procedures 1-5 above, assess for final confirmation/verification of eligibility 
(NOTE:  The expired CO value on Day 0 does not need to meet screening criteria [>10 ppm] 
unless this is the only pre-treatment CO value available). If confirmation supports inclusion, 
complete the following: 
1. Subject to complete the following questionnaires: 
a. Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (Appendix 2). 
b. Smoking Self-Efficacy questionnaire (SEQ-12) (Appendix 3). 
c. Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-Brief) questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
d. Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) questionnaire (Appendix 5).  
2. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: it should be stressed to subjects that they must maintain their 
dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period.  

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3. Randomize according to a pre-determined, blinded, randomization schedule (see 
Section 7.5) and obtain the first study treatment carton (Carton #1) which will contain 
treatment packs for Weeks 1-6.  
4. Provide study treatment Week 1 and Week 2 packs and review dosing requirements. 
Review the layout and dosing instructions printed on the study treatment packs. Although 
packs will be marked with the week designation and dates, there will be times during the 
Treatment Period where a subject has multiple packs on hand. Review this with the 
subject and make sure it is understood that each pack must be completed for the 
designated time period before moving on to the next. Instruct subject that any/all packs in 
their possession must be brought back to the clinic at each visit and should never be 
thrown away. Used packs will be collected and all cartons and packs must be maintained 
by the site for drug accountability by the assigned study monitor. 
5. Develop an appointment schedule that includes dates and times for each required clinic 
visit during the trial, providing a copy to the subject. 
6. Provide study treatment diary instructions that require daily entries for both date and time 
of each dose taken. 
7. Schedule a time on the following day (Day 1 of treatment, late in the day) when clinic 
will contact subject to assess compliance, any possible adverse events and any 
changes/additions in concomitant medications. 
12.2.3. 
Treatment Period 
Treatment Day 1  
All subjects must begin treatment on the morning of Day 1 and record all dosing in the diary. 
Clinic to contact subject via telephone call in afternoon or evening of Treatment Day 1 to: 
1. Verify subject is taking treatment (one tablet three times a day), review diary completion 
requirements and answer any questions. 
2. Ask subject if any adverse events have occurred and/or any changes in concomitant 
medications. 
3. Reconfirm planned quit attempt on Treatment Day 5, 6, or 7. 
4. Remind subject of their appointment time for Day 7 (Week1) visit and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment pack. 
 

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Treatment Day 7/Week 1 (±1 day) 
1. Confirm the quit attempt on Treatment Day 5, 6, or 7. 
2. Subject to complete the following questionnaires:  
a. QSU-Brief questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
b. MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
3. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
4. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
5. Vital signs, including weight. 
6. Review study treatment Week 1 pack for compliance. Ensure that subject has study 
treatment Week 2 pack covering the next 7 days and provide a study treatment Week 3 
pack. 
7. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling. (NOTE: it 
should again be stressed to subjects that even if they are smoking less or have quit 
smoking, they must maintain their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period.  
8. Blood for hematology and serum chemistry testing. 
9. Remind subject of their Day 14 (Week 2) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them all study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 14/Week 2 (±1 day) 
1. Subject to complete the following questionnaires: 
a. QSU-Brief questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
b. MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
2. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
3. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications.  
4. Vital signs, including weight. 
5. Review study treatment Week 2 pack for compliance and collect the Week 1 pack (which 
should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject has the 
Week 3 pack and provide a study treatment Week 4 pack. 
6. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: At this time, it should be stressed to subjects that they must 
maintain their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period even if they have quit 
smoking. In addition, subjects are to be encouraged to continue trying to quit even if they 
are smoking or have a lapse after they have quit smoking. 
7. Blood for cotinine testing.  
8. Expired CO. 

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9. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 7) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 7) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
10. Remind subject of their Day 21 (Week 3) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them all study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 21/Week 3 (±1 day) 
1. Subject to complete the following questionnaires: 
a. QSU-Brief questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
b. MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
2. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
3. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
4. Vital signs, including weight. 
5. Review study treatment Week 3 pack for compliance and collect the Week 2 pack (which 
should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject has the 
Week 4 pack and provide a study treatment Week 5 pack. 
6. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: At this time, it should be stressed to subjects that they must 
maintain their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period even if they have quit 
smoking. In addition, subjects must be counseled to be honest with their smoking status 
information and encouraged to continue trying to quit even if they are smoking or have a 
lapse after they have quit smoking. 
7. Expired CO. 
8. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 14) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 14) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
9. Remind subject of their Day 28 (Week 4) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 

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Treatment Day 28/Week 4 (±1 day) 
1. Subject to complete the following questionnaires: 
a. QSU-Brief questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
b. MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
2. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
3. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
4. Vital signs, including weight. 
5. Review study treatment Week 4 pack for compliance and collect Week 3 pack (which 
should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject has the 
Week 5 pack and provide a study treatment Week 6 pack, which will be the last pack in 
first carton (Carton #1) assigned at randomization. 
6. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Again it should be stressed to subjects that they must maintain 
their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period even if they have quit smoking. In 
addition, subjects must be counseled to be honest with their smoking status information 
and encouraged to continue trying to quit even if they are smoking or have a lapse after 
they have quit smoking. 
7. Blood for cotinine testing. 
8. Urine pregnancy for all female subjects, excluding those that are surgically sterile 
(hysterectomy or tubal ligation) or >2 years post-menopausal. 
9. Expired CO. 
10. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 21) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 21) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
11. Remind subject of their Day 35 (Week 5) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 35/Week 5 (±1 day) 
1. Subject to complete the following questionnaires: 
a. QSU-Brief questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
b. MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
2. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
3. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
4. Vital signs, including weight. 

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5. Review study treatment Week 5 pack for compliance and collect Week 4 pack (which 
should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject has the 
Week 6 pack. 
6. Obtain the study treatment carton #2 via IRT, which will contain study treatment packs 
for Weeks 7-12. Provide subject with a Week 7 pack from Carton #2. 
7. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Again it should be stressed to subjects that they must maintain 
their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period even if they have quit smoking. In 
addition, subjects must be counseled to be honest with their smoking status information 
and encouraged to continue trying to quit even if they are smoking or have a lapse after 
they have quit smoking. 
8. Expired CO. 
9. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 28) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 28) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
10. Remind subject of their appointment date and time for the Day 42 (Week 6) visit and that 
they must bring with them their study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 42/Week 6 (±1 day) 
1. Administer and assess suicidal ideation/risk using the “Since Last Visit” C-SSRS 
questionnaire (refer to Appendix 1). 
2. Subject to complete the following questionnaires: 
a. QSU-Brief questionnaire (Appendix 4). 
b. MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
c. HADS questionnaire (Appendix 6). 
3. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
4. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
5. Vital signs, including weight. 
6. Review study treatment Week 6 pack for compliance and collect the Week 5 pack (which 
should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject has the 
Week 7 pack and provide a study treatment Week 8 pack from Carton #2. 
7. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Again it should be stressed to subjects that they must maintain 
their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period and to be honest with their 
smoking status information. 
8. Blood for hematology, serum chemistry and cotinine testing.  

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9. 12-lead ECG. 
10. Expired CO. 
11. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 35) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 35) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
12. Remind subject of their Day 49 (Week 7) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 49/Week 7 (±1 day) 
1. Subject to complete the MNWS questionnaire (Appendix 5). 
2. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
3. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
4. Vital signs, including weight. 
5. Review study treatment Week 7 pack for compliance and collect the Week 6 pack 
(which was the last pack in Carton #1 and should be empty if all doses were taken as 
expected). Retain Carton #1 and all weekly packs for drug accountability by the study 
monitor. Confirm that the subject has the Week 8 pack and provide a study treatment 
Week 9 pack from Carton #2. 
6. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Again it should be stressed to subjects that they must maintain 
their dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period and to be honest with their 
smoking status information. 
7. Expired CO. 
8. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 42) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 42) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
9. Remind subject of their Day 56 (Week 8) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 

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Treatment Day 56/Week 8 (±1 day) 
1. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
2. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
3. Vital signs, including weight. 
4. Review study treatment Week 8 pack for compliance and collect Week 7 pack (which 
should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject has the 
Week 9 pack and provide a study treatment Week 10 pack from Carton #2. 
5. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: it should be stressed to subjects that they must maintain their 
dosing schedule throughout the Treatment Period and to be honest with their smoking 
status information. 
6. Blood for cotinine testing.  
7. Urine pregnancy for all female subjects, excluding those that are surgically sterile 
(hysterectomy or tubal ligation) or >2 years post-menopausal. 
8. Expired CO. 
9. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 49) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 49) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
10. Remind subject of their Day 63 (Week 9) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 63/Week 9 (±1 day) 
1. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
2. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
3. Vital signs, including weight. 
4. Review study treatment Week 9 pack for compliance and collect the Week 8 pack 
(which should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject 
has the Week 10 pack and provide a study treatment Week 11 pack from Carton #2. 
5. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Stress to subjects that they must maintain their dosing schedule 
for the remaining Treatment Period and to be honest with their smoking status 
information. 

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6. Expired CO. 
7. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 56) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 56) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
8. Remind subject of their Day 70 (Week 10) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 70/Week 10 (±1 day) 
1. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
2. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
3. Vital signs, including weight. 
4. Review study treatment Week 10 pack for compliance and collect the Week 9 pack 
(which should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject 
has the Week 11 pack and provide the last study treatment Week 12 pack from 
Carton #2. 
5. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Stress to subjects that they must maintain their dosing schedule 
for the remaining Treatment Period and to be honest with their smoking status 
information. 
6. Blood for cotinine testing.  
7. Expired CO. 
8. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 63) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 63) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
9. Remind subject of their Day 77 (Week 11) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 
 

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Treatment Day 77/Week 11 (±1 day) 
1. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing up to time of visit. 
2. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
3. Vital signs, including weight. 
4. Review study treatment Week 11 pack for compliance and collect the Week 10 pack 
(which should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). Confirm that the subject 
has the last Week 12 pack. 
5. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7). NOTE: Stress to subjects that they must maintain their dosing schedule 
for the remaining week and to be honest with their smoking status information. 
6.  Expired CO. 
7. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 70) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 70) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
8. Remind subject of their Day 84 (Week 12) appointment date and time and that they must 
bring with them their study treatment packs. 
Treatment Day 86/ Week 12 (Assessment Day 86±1) 
Note: The final day of treatment should be on Day 84. In order to ensure all subjects have 
completed treatment prior to assessments, the Week 12 visit is to be scheduled on Day 86±1 day. 
1. Administer and assess suicidal ideation/risk using the “Since Last Visit” C-SSRS (refer 
to Appendix 1). 
2. Subject to complete the HADS questionnaire (Appendix 6). 
3. Review study treatment diary to verify dosing through Week 12. 
4. Assess for AEs and any changes to concomitant medications. 
5. Vital signs, including weight. 
6. Review study treatment Week 12 pack for compliance and collect both Weeks 11 and 
12 packs (which should be empty if all doses were taken as expected). 
7. Provide subject with behavioral support information that includes counseling 
(Appendix 7).  
8. Blood for hematology, serum chemistry and cotinine testing.  
9. Urine pregnancy for all female subjects, excluding those that are surgically sterile 
(hysterectomy or tubal ligation) or >2 years post-menopausal. 
10. 12-lead ECG. 

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11. Expired CO. 
12. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Day 77) visit?  
b. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked 
since the last clinic visit. 
c. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since 
the last clinic (Day 77) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
13. All subjects, regardless of smoking status, are to be scheduled for their 
Week 16 (±3 days) follow-up visit. 
12.2.4. 
Follow Up Period for Smoking Cessation Assessments 
Week 16 (±1 week) 
1. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last (Day 86/Week 12) clinic visit?  
b. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes over the past 7 days?  
c. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked. 
d. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since the 
last clinic (Day 86/Week 12) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject 
such products should not be used during the study. 
2. Assess for AEs.  
3. Blood for cotinine testing.  
4. Expired CO. 
5. Provide subject with abbreviated behavioral support based on issues/concerns/questions 
raised (Appendix 7). 
6. All subjects regardless of smoking status are to be scheduled for their Week 20 (±3 days) 
follow-up visit. 
Week 20 (±1 week) 
1. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Week 16) visit?  
b. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes over the past 7 days?  
c. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked. 
d. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since the 
last clinic (Week 16) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
2. Assess for AEs.  
3. Blood for cotinine testing.  
4. Expired CO. 

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5. Provide subject with abbreviated behavioral support based on issues/concerns/questions 
raised (Appendix 7). 
6. All subjects, regardless of their smoking status, should be scheduled for their 
Week 24 (±3 days) follow-up visit. 
Week 24 (±1 week) 
1. Record the following:  
a. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes since the last clinic (Week 20) visit?  
b. Has the subject smoked any cigarettes over the past 7 days?  
c. If subject has smoked, subject should report the total number of cigarettes smoked. 
d. Has the subject used any non-cigarette nicotine products, including vaping, since the 
last clinic (Week 20) visit? If yes, record what was used and remind subject such 
products should not be used during the study. 
2. Assess for AEs.  
3. Blood for cotinine testing.  
4. Expired CO. 
5. Provide subject with abbreviated behavioral support based on issues/concerns/questions 
raised (Appendix 7). 
6. Discharge subject from study. 
12.2.5. 
Subject Diaries 
A 7-day smoking diary will be collected during the screening period in order to capture the 
number of cigarettes smoked daily for 7 consecutive days. These data will be used to calculate 
the average number of cigarettes smoked per day in order to support Inclusion Criteria #2.  
In addition, a study treatment diary must be maintained by each subject to record date and timing 
of study drug administrations during the Treatment Period. The diary will be configured into 
specific sections to support the above reporting by the subject. Staff must review entries for 
completeness with the subject at each clinic visit.  
12.2.6. 
Behavioral Support 
Each participating site must have a minimum of two staff members assigned to provide smoking 
cessation counseling. For this study, site counselors are required to complete an on-line training 
course identified by Achieve Life Sciences and pass the associated examination. Evidence of 
completion (certificate issued by the training course administrator) must be provided prior to site 
activation. The site counselors will be provided additional study-specific training prior to or 
during site initiation. 
All subjects will receive up to 15 behavioral support sessions by a qualified study site staff 
member, starting prior to randomization at the Screening Visit #2 when the subject sets their Quit 
Date, again at randomization and continuing through the Week 12 (Day 86±1 day) visit as 
outlined in Table 4. Each behavioral session will be subject-driven and must include direct 
engagement with the subject about their attempt to quit smoking. Each session should last 
approximately 10 minutes (Refer to Appendix 7). 

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Site counselor(s) are to encourage subjects to continue study drug as scheduled even if they quit 
smoking as planned or if they lapse and have a cigarette after their quit date during the Treatment 
Period. It is important for subjects to keep trying to quit as planned. It is also important to stress 
to subjects that they should be honest when reporting cigarette smoking status and to remind 
them that all timepoints from Week 2 through Week 12 during the Treatment Period will be 
verified using CO.  
Subjects will receive additional abbreviated support (based on issues/concerns/questions raised 
by the subject) during the Follow-up Period.  
13. 
EFFICACY CRITERIA 
This study will follow general criteria that are applicable to previous and current trials of 
cessation aids where participants have a defined target quit date and there is face-to-face contact 
with researchers or clinic staff.17 Endpoint analyses for abstinence (4 weeks abstinence 
documented during the last 4 weeks of treatment) and continuous abstinence (continually 
documented to Week 24 post-randomization) will include the following criteria:  
1. Self-report of smoking abstinence since the last clinic visit at each clinic assessment.  
2. Biochemical verification of abstinence by expired CO at each clinic visit. 
3. Use of an ‘intention-to-treat’ approach in which data from all randomized smokers are 
included in the analysis. 
4. Subjects with an unknown smoking status at the Week 6, Week 12 and Week 24 
assessments or lost to follow up will be classified as failed to quit.  
5. Self-report of smoking abstinence during the follow up period only (Week 12 to 
Week 24) will follow the Russell Standard.17 
6. Continually blinded to treatment allocation during collection of follow-up data to 
Week 24. 
Refer to Section 16.3 and Section 16.4 for the specific criteria in determining the primary and 
secondary efficacy outcomes, respectively. 
13.1. 
Laboratory Assessments for Efficacy 
13.1.1. 
Expired Air Carbon Monoxide (CO) 
Expired CO will be obtained using a calibrated instrument (eg, the Bedfont Micro+ 
Smokerlyzer®) provided by the sponsor and maintained by the clinical site for this study. Each 
clinical site must have documentation of instrument used and current calibration. CO values are 
to be reported in parts per million (ppm) at Week 2, weekly through Week 12, and at Weeks 16, 
20 and 24.  
13.1.2. 
Serum Cotinine Levels 
Serum samples will be collected as additional laboratory efficacy assessments with cotinine 
levels determined at Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 24. Baseline cotinine testing will use 

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frozen serum collected at the SV1 visit for subjects that are randomized. Cotinine levels will be 
determined at a central laboratory. 
14. 
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS 
All subjects will be monitored for adverse events starting at screening (pre-existing), by 
telephone contact on Day 1, at clinic visit on Day 7 , then weekly throughout the Treatment 
Period (Weeks 2 through 12) and monthly during the Follow-up Period (see Table 4 and 
Table 5). 12-lead ECG evaluations will be obtained on Week 6 and Week 12. Laboratory 
(hematology and chemistry) evaluations will be performed at the Week 1, Week 6, and Week 12 
clinic visits using a central laboratory.  
Safety will be assessed by consideration of all adverse events reported by or elicited from the 
subject and clinically significant abnormalities detected on 12-lead ECG or hematology and 
serum chemistry tests. Worsening of other preexisting medical conditions and any changes to 
concomitant medications/treatments will also be taken into account in this evaluation.  
In addition to the planned times, safety procedures can be performed at any time when 
considered necessary by the Principal Investigator or attending Research Physician.  
In the event of any clinically significant abnormalities identified by the investigating physician, 
subjects will be followed until: 
• It has resolved/returned to normal or baseline. 
• The event has stabilized at a level acceptable to the Investigator and is not considered 
to be clinically significant. 
• It has been shown to be chronic during follow-up assessment. 
All adverse events (serious and non-serious) beginning at randomization (prior to dosing) 
through the Week 24 visit will be recorded in the subject’s CRF. 
14.1. 
Definitions 
An Adverse Event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject 
administered a medicinal product and which does not necessarily have attribution with the 
treatment. 
An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory 
finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of an investigational medicinal 
product, whether or not considered related to the investigational medicinal product. 
An Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) means all untoward and unintended responses to a 
medicinal product related to any dose administered. The phrase ‘response to a medicinal product’ 
means that attribution has at least a reasonable possibility, ie, the relationship cannot be ruled out 
and is judged by the investigator as at least possible (see definition below). 
An Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction (UADR)/Unexpected Adverse Event (UAE) means 
an adverse reaction/event, the nature or severity of which is not consistent with the applicable 
product information, namely in the Investigator Brochure for an unauthorized investigational 
product or in the SmPC for an authorized product. 

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The expected/unexpected status should be evaluated and assessed, by the Sponsor, based on the 
reference safety information available since expectedness in Pharmacovigilance refers strictly to 
the information listed or mentioned in the applicable reference safety information and not to 
event(s) that might be anticipated from knowledge of the pharmacological properties of a 
substance or because it was foreseeable due to the health status (eg, age, medical history) of the 
study subjects. 
A Serious Adverse Event (SAE) or Serious Adverse Reaction (SAR) is defined as an AE that 
results in any of the following: 
• Results in death. 
• Is life-threatening.  
• Requires hospitalization or prolongs existing inpatient’s hospitalization. 
• Results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity. 
• Results in a congenital abnormality or birth defect. 
• Is an important medical event which requires medical intervention to prevent any of 
the above outcomes. 
SUSARs: AEs which meet all of the following criteria will be classified as suspected unexpected 
serious adverse reactions (SUSARs): 
• Serious. 
• Unexpected (ie, is not consistent with the applicable product information eg, 
Investigator's brochure for an unapproved IMP or SmPC for an authorised product). 
• There is at least a reasonable possibility that there is attribution between the event and 
the medicinal product. 
Important medical events are those which may not be immediately life-threatening, but may 
jeopardize the subject and may require intervention to prevent one of the other serious outcomes 
listed above. Examples of such events are intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home 
for allergic bronchospasm, or blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do not result in 
hospitalization. 
The term “life-threatening” in the definition of “serious” refers to an event in which the subject 
was at risk of death at the time of the event; it does not refer to an event which hypothetically 
might have caused death if it were more severe. For example, drug-induced hepatitis that 
resolves without evidence of hepatic failure would not be considered life threatening even 
though drug-induced hepatitis can be fatal. 
Inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization means that hospital inpatient 
admission and/or prolongation of hospital stay were required for treatment of AE or occurred as 
a consequence of the event. It does not refer to pre-planned elective hospital admission for 
treatment of a pre-existing condition that has not significantly worsened, or to diagnostic 
procedures. 

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14.2. 
Recording of Adverse Events 
All of the following details will be recorded in the subject’s CRF for each AE: 
• Full description of AE. 
• Date and time of onset. 
• Date and time of resolution. 
• Severity of event, to be assessed by an Investigator, or their delegate, in accordance 
with the definitions below. 
• Relationship to study drug to be assessed by an Investigator, or their delegate, in 
accordance with the definitions below. 
• Action taken (if any). 
• Outcome and details of any further follow-up. 
Adverse events documented in the CRF without a stop date at the Week 24 visit must be 
followed until final resolution or until it is medically justifiable to stop further follow up (eg, a 
chronic condition has been reached.) Documentation of adverse events should be updated as 
necessary. 
14.2.1. 
Grading Adverse Event Severity 
The following grades will be used by an Investigator to describe the severity of all AEs 
(including clinically-significant laboratory AEs) as shown in Table 6. Only 1 severity grade will 
be used for each AE (eg, mild - moderate is not acceptable). 
Table 6: 
Adverse Event Severity 
Severity of AE 
Definition 
Mild 
No interference with activity 
Moderate 
Some interference with activity requiring no or minimal medical intervention  
Severe 
Prevents daily activity and requires medical intervention 
If an adverse event has multiple aspects, the aspect in the highest intensity will be graded. It is 
emphasized that the term severe is a measure of intensity; thus a severe AE is not necessarily 
serious. For example, itching for several days may be rated as severe; however, may not be 
clinically serious. 
14.2.2. 
Assessment of Attribution 
The attribution between an adverse event and study drug will be determined and documented by 
the responsible Investigator, or their delegate, according to best medical judgment as shown in 
Table 7.  
 
 
 
 

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Table 7: 
Assessment of Attribution to Study Drug  
Category 
Description 
Not Related 
The event is definitely not associated with study drug.  
Unlikely 
The event was most probably produced by other factors such as the subject’s 
clinical state, therapeutic intervention or concomitant therapy, and does not 
follow a known response pattern to study drug.  
Possible 
The event follows a reasonable temporal sequence from the time of study drug 
administration, and/or follows a known response pattern to the investigational 
product, but could have been produced by other factors such as the subject’s 
clinical state, therapeutic intervention or concomitant therapy. 
Probable 
The event follows a reasonable temporal sequence from the time of study drug 
administration, and/or follows a known response pattern to the investigational 
product, and could not have been produced by other factors such as the 
subject’s clinical state, therapeutic intervention or concomitant therapy. 
Definite 
The event follows a reasonable temporal sequence from the time of study drug 
administration, and/or follows a known response pattern to the investigational 
product, and could not have been produced by other factors such as the 
subject’s clinical state, therapeutic intervention or concomitant therapy, and 
either occurs immediately following study drug administration, or improves on 
stopping the study drug. 
14.2.3. 
Reporting of Serious Adverse Events 
Any SAE that occurs during the AE reporting period (randomization to Week 24) must be 
recorded and reported immediately. All SAEs including those that are ongoing at the end of the 
Week 24 visit will be followed until each event resolves or is assessed as chronic.  
In order to satisfy regulatory requirements, any Serious Adverse Event, whether deemed study 
drug-related or not, must be reported to the Sponsor or designee as soon as possible after the 
Investigator (or delegate) has become aware of its occurrence. SAE form completion and 
reporting must not be delayed, even if all of the information is not available at the time of the 
initial contact. 
SAEs must be reported within 24 h of knowledge of the event by submitting an initial SAE 
report via email, telephone or fax. 
A CRO Pharmacovigilance Associate, or a representative from the CRO Pharmacovigilance 
(PV) group, will notify the Sponsor and Sponsor's Responsible Physician of the SAE via email 
within 24 h of receipt of the initial SAE report. 
Additional information (follow-up) about any SAE unavailable at the initial reporting should be 
forwarded by the site within 24 hours of the information becoming available.  
The following information should be provided to accurately and completely record the event: 
• Investigator name and center number. 
• Subject number. 
• Subject initials. 

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• Subject demographics. 
• Clinical event: 
− Description. 
− date of onset. 
− severity. 
− treatment. 
− relationship to study drug (attribution). 
− action taken regarding study drug. 
• If the AE resulted in death: 
− cause of death (whether or not the death was related to study drug). 
− autopsy findings (if available). 
• Medical history case report form (copy). 
• Concomitant medication case report form (copy). 
• Any relevant reports (laboratory, discharge, x-ray, etc.). 
Subjects who have had an SAE during the AE reporting period (randomization through to 
Week 24 visit) must be followed clinically until all parameters (including laboratory) have either 
resolved or been assessed as chronic.  
SUSARs should be reported to the IRB (if applicable) and to the FDA in accordance with 
applicable regulatory requirements for expedited reporting. It is the Site’s responsibility to report 
any SUSAR to their IRB and it is the Sponsor’s responsibility to report any SUSAR to the FDA.  
Full details of SAE handling and SUSAR reporting will be documented in a study specific 
reference manual prior to the start of dosing.  
14.2.4. 
Reporting of a Pregnancy during Study Treatment 
If a pregnancy occurs in a randomized subject (or the partner of an enrolled subject) during the 
study treatment period or during the follow-up period, the Investigator must complete the 
Pregnancy Notification Form and submit to the CRO Pharmacovigilance Associate. Although 
not considered an SAE, the CRO PV Group will process pregnancy notifications using the same 
guidelines as for SAE reports above [ie, will acknowledge receipt of any pregnancy notification 
(initial or follow up) within 24 hours of receipt to the site with a copy to the Medical Monitor 
and Sponsor for their awareness].  
Since there may be unknown risks to a pregnancy, embryo, or fetus (Section 2.1.3), the pregnant 
subject should discontinue study drug treatment while remaining on the study for continued safety 
assessments and other study evaluations.  
The CRO PV Group will also follow up with the Investigator after completion of the study on 
the monitoring of the subject for the duration of the pregnancy and until 28 days after the child is 

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born. Any serious adverse events of the subject during the pregnancy or of the child at birth need 
to be recorded and CRO PV Group notified accordingly.  
14.2.5. 
Reporting of COVID-19 Positive cases and COVID-19 vaccinations as Adverse 
Events of Special Interest 
Subjects known to be COVID-19 positive during the study will be documented under adverse 
event reporting as AEs of special interest. In addition, any COVID-19 vaccinations received 
during the study should be documented as concomitant medications and any side effects 
immediately following a COVID-19 vaccination should be documented under adverse event 
reporting as AEs of special interest.  
Any effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the conduct of the study or any specific effects of 
COVID-19 infections or vaccinations on treatment arm results will be assessed. 
14.3. 
Laboratory Assessments for Safety 
14.3.1. 
Hematology and Chemistry Assessments  
Routine laboratory safety samples will be analyzed at screening and at clinic visits as identified 
in Table 4 for each subject by a central laboratory. A decision regarding whether a result outside 
the reference range is of clinical significance or not shall be made by an Investigator and the 
report will be annotated accordingly. Clinically significant abnormalities occurring during the 
study will be recorded on the AE CRF. The reference ranges for laboratory parameters will be 
filed in the TMF and the Investigator site file. 
Hematology: Hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, 
monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and platelets.  
Chemistry: Total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, SGPT (ALT), SGOT (AST), alkaline 
phosphatase, glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, creatinine and urea. 
14.4. 
Vital Signs 
Systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and oral temperature measurements will be recorded 
in a seated position. Body weight will also be recorded. Clinically significant abnormalities 
occurring during the study will be recorded on the AE CRF. Height is to be recorded at 
Screening Visit #1 for BMI calculation. 
14.5. 
Physical Examination 
A physical examination will be performed by an Investigator. The examination will include 
general appearance, head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck, skin, cardiovascular system, respiratory 
system, gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, lymph nodes and musculoskeletal. An 
Investigator can examine other body systems if required, at their discretion. 

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15. 
SAFETY MONITORING 
15.1. 
 Independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee 
Safety monitoring will be performed by an independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee 
(DSMC) who will be appointed for this study. The DSMC will be composed of at least 2 
independent experts in the relevant therapeutic field and a third relevant expert such as a 
statistician.  
The DSMC governance and operating procedures are described in a separate DSMC Charter. 
Meetings will be held via telecommunications equipment and will meet regularly in order to 
assess safety and trial status. Regular DSMC meetings will be planned approximately every 
2 months during enrollment and while treatment is ongoing. Additional meetings will be at the 
discretion of the DSMC and the meeting schedule may be altered at the request of the Sponsor or 
at the discretion of the DSMC Chairperson. Meetings will typically begin with an open session. 
DSMC members, representatives of the Sponsor and other individuals as needed may be present 
during the open session. The open session will be followed by a closed session. Only DSMC 
members, and other individuals, as needed by the DSMC, will be in attendance at the closed 
session.  
The primary responsibility of the DSMC will be to monitor for any unexpected safety risk for 
subjects on the protocol. The DSMC will:  
• Review all SUSARs and SAEs reported to the Sponsor. The Sponsor will provide the 
DSMC with a copy of any unexpected study drug-related SAE Report Form within 
7 business days of receipt by the Sponsor. The Medical Monitor (or designee) will 
also provide the DSMC with copies of all expedited SAE reports submitted to 
regulatory agencies.  
• Perform periodic reviews of overall safety data for the study (eg, moderate or severe 
adverse events). 
The DSMC may request unblinding of study treatment based on a safety concern or specific 
SUSARs or SAE. All unblinding and the reason for unblinding will be documented by the 
DSMC. The Sponsor and sites will not be unblinded unless the DSMC requests that individual or 
other unblinding occurs due to a safety concern. 
The Sponsor may also request unblinding of any serious or unexpected adverse event (regardless 
of relationship to study drug) that the sponsor deems should be further assessed by the DSMC. 
The DSMC Chairperson will communicate with the sponsor in regard to issues resulting from the 
conduct and clinical aspects of the trial. The sponsor will work closely with the committee to 
provide the necessary data for review. 

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16. 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
A major design feature of this study is blinding. The study will be unblinded only after database 
lock and at the time of final study analyses (ie, when unblinding cannot induce bias in collection 
of data and interpretation of results).  
Detailed statistical specifications are documented in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) and the 
SAP will be final prior to initiation of any study unblinding. 
16.1. 
Statistical Design 
The overall study type I error probability will be one-sided 0.025 conditional on evidence of a 
favorable outcome for cytisinicline. Subjects will be randomized with equal probability to one of 
three arms (groups), one of two experimental arms or a control arm. The intended dosing 
regimens in these three arms are placebo for 12 weeks (Arm A), 3 mg cytisinicline for 6 of 
12 weeks (Arm B) and 3 mg cytisinicline for 12 weeks (Arm C). The details of the interventions 
are specified in Section 7.1 and Section 7.2. 
Two primary study objectives are specified in Section 6.1. These two primary objectives specify 
that the outcomes for each of the two experimental arms are to be compared to the control arm. 
The study size is based on a one-sided type I error probability of 0.0125 for each comparison of 
an experimental arm to the control (placebo) arm. Study success will be assessed using the 
Hochberg method for the two comparisons and the overall study type I error probability of one-
sided 0.025; the outcomes are assumed to be positively correlated.  
16.2. 
Analysis Sets 
Screening Analysis Set: The Screening Analysis Set is defined as all subjects who give written 
informed consent and have entered screening but are not randomized. Analyses in this population 
will be restricted to presentation of baseline data and reasons for non-participation only. 
Safety Analysis Set: The Safety Analysis Set (SAS) is defined as all randomized subjects who 
take at least one dose of study drug. All safety analyses will be performed on the Safety Analysis 
Set. 
Efficacy Analysis Set: The All Randomized Analysis Set (ARS) is based on the ‘intention-to-
treat’ principle and will include data from all randomized subjects. 
16.3. 
Primary Outcome for Subjects 
The primary efficacy outcome (biochemically verified abstinence for the last 4 weeks of 
cytisinicline treatment) for each subject is binary: success versus failure. Success is defined for 
the subject as having reported smoking abstinence (no cigarettes since the last clinic visit) at 
each clinic assessment from Week 3 to Week 6 (Arm B) and Week 9 to Week 12 (Arm C) with 
biochemical verification at each assessment. Biochemical verification will be defined by a 
carbon monoxide concentration in exhaled breath of less than 10 ppm. Similar timeframe and 
analyses will occur for Arm A placebo subjects. 
Any other outcome is regarded as a failure. There are therefore two types of failure for the 
subject: (1) subjects with adequate data that they are smoking at any time (either by the subject’s 
self-report or CO ≥10 ppm) and (2) subjects having insufficient data to be determined as a 

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success for smoking cessation. This definition of primary outcome means that all subjects will 
have a realization of the primary outcome and therefore this endpoint is amenable to intent-to-
treat (ITT) analyses. 
16.3.1. 
Analysis of Primary Outcome 
The outcome for each arm will be the proportion of subjects classified as a success. Each of the 
two experimental arms will be compared separately to the control arm (Arm A) at the 
appropriate timeframes. All randomized subjects will be included in the comparisons according 
to their randomized arm (ITT analysis). The statistical significance of each comparison will be 
based on the odds ratio using exact computations for stratified 2×2 frequency tables and using 
Monte Carlo estimation if necessary. The stratifier will be clinical site, with the possibility of 
pooling clinical sites having a small contribution. If cytisinicline is not favored by the effect size 
point estimate then the comparison will be designated as not statistically significant.  
The estimated common odds ratio and its exact confidence interval will be reported. In addition, 
the estimated odds ratio and exact confidence interval for the marginal 2x2 table across sites 
(unadjusted odds ratio), and the estimated difference in proportions and the associated derived 
exact confidence interval using the exact confidence interval on the odds ratio will be reported. 
The exact difference in proportion confidence interval is derived using the method of Thomas 
(1971 and 1977).18,19 
The primary comparisons will be presented in the context of a tipping point analysis.20 Other 
supporting and sensitivity analyses challenging the results as well as analyses designed to assess 
homogeneity of effect are planned and described in the SAP. 
16.4. 
Secondary Outcome for Subjects 
The secondary efficacy outcome 1 and 2 (continued biochemically verified abstinence to 
Week 24) for each subject is binary: success versus failure. Success is defined for the subject as 
having reported smoking abstinence since the last clinic visit at each clinic assessment from 
Week 6 (Arm B) or Week 12 (Arm C) to Week 24 with biochemical verification at each 
assessment. Biochemical verification will be defined by a carbon monoxide concentration in 
exhaled breath of less than 10 ppm. During the Follow-up Smoking Cessation Assessment Period 
between Weeks 12 to 24, self-report of smoking abstinence will be according to the Russell 
Standard.17 
The secondary efficacy outcome 3 is success with respect to being without relapse at Week 24. 
The secondary efficacy outcome 3 (reduction in risk of relapse from Week 6 to Week 24 in 
Arm C vs Arm B) will be assessed in each subject (in both Arms C and B). Subjects not 
abstinent at Week 6 will be regarded as having relapsed. 
The considerations relative to the definition of these secondary efficacy endpoints are similar. 
The analyses associated with these three objectives will be done as Intent-to-Treat (ITT) 
analyses. The statistical model used for secondary objectives will be the same statistical model 
used for the analysis of the primary objectives. 

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16.4.1. 
Analysis of Secondary Outcomes 
There are 3 secondary efficacy objectives, 2 objectives for continuous abstinence and 1 objective 
for reduction in risk of relapse. The continuous abstinence through Week 24 success outcome 
(secondary objectives 1 and 2) and relapse-free through Week 24 (secondary objective 3) must 
be defined separately for each of the three associated comparisons because of differences in the 
primary evaluation timing, that is, Weeks 3-6 for the Arm A versus Arm B comparison and 
Weeks 9-12 for Arm A versus Arm C comparison, and a mixed primary evaluation time for the 
Arm B versus Arm C comparison. It is important to note that the data collected and the schedule 
of collection are identical for all arms. 
The following operational details are applicable to these secondary comparisons: 
• Being abstinent requires meeting both a self-reported criterion and a biochemical 
verification. The beginning of self-reported abstinence is Week 3 to Week 6 for 
comparisons of Arm A and Arm B and Week 9 to Week 12 for comparison of Arm A 
and Arm C. For comparison of Arm B to Arm C, the failure of self-reported 
abstinence starts at Week 6 for both Arms B and C. 
• Self-reported abstinence over the Follow-up Weeks 16-24 period will be assessed 
using the Russell Standard17 to be regarded as abstinent or without relapse. 
• Biochemical verification of non-smoking status is defined by a carbon monoxide 
concentration in exhaled breath of less than 10 ppm. 
Subjects not observed to meet all success criteria will be regarded as non-success relative to the 
secondary efficacy outcome. Non-success will have two types: (1) subjects with adequate data 
that fail to meet the above criteria, and (2) subjects having insufficient data to be assessed as a 
success. 
16.5. 
Study Size 
In the 2011 published TASC Phase 3 study that evaluated cytisine versus placebo in 
740 primarily moderate-to-heavy smokers treated for 25 days in Poland, the sustained 6-month 
abstinence rate was 10.0% in the cytisinicline arm compared to 3.5% in the placebo arm 
(P<0.001). In the 2014 published Phase 3 study that evaluated cytisinicline for 25 days versus 
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for 8 weeks in 1,310 adult daily smokers in New Zealand, 
the continuous six-month abstinence rate was 22% in the cytisinicline arm compared to 15% in 
the NRT arm (P=0.002).  
Data from the international EAGLES trial (N=8120) were used to assess predictors for 
continuous smoking abstinence outcomes from Weeks 9-24. These analyses provided clear 
evidence that US origin was associated with lower success rates of stopping, regardless of 
treatment (varenicline, bupropion, or NRT). The continuous abstinence rates from 9-24 weeks in 
the US were 16.1%, 11.4% and 10.6% for varenicline, bupropion, or NRT, respectively, 
compared to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.3-8.4%) for placebo treatment. The odd ratios (OR) for these 
treatments in the US were 2.66, 1.78, and 1.64, respectively. The lower success rate in US 
smokers supports the view that smokers in the US may have particular characteristics that make 
it more difficult for them to stop smoking.  

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The trial size for this study is specified as 250 subjects per arm. The assumed control arm 
probability of success (continued abstinence to Week 24) is 0.07 (7%). The hypothesized 
experimental arm minus control arm probability difference is specified as 0.12 (12 points), 
corresponding to a hypothesized odds ratio of 3.116 (eg, 7% for placebo vs 19% for cytisinicline 
treatment). The significance level to be used is adjusted from the overall type I error probability 
of one-sided 0.025 to one-sided 0.0125 using the Bonferroni method to control for multiplicity. 
The statistical operating characteristics for each comparison are illustrated using simulation of 
Fisher’s exact test with 10,000 replicates. These specifications are consistent with 95.7% power 
for each comparison with, conditional on 0.07 control arm probability outcome, an odds ratio 
critical region of ≥1.83, corresponding to a critical difference of ≥0.051 (7% for placebo vs 12% 
for cytisinicline treatment). 
The study size is designated for approximately 750 subjects (250 subjects per arm). However, if 
higher than expected early treatment discontinuations (>5%) occur before completion of 6 weeks 
study treatment due to reasons other than adverse events, additional enrollment may be allowed 
up to 10% or 75 subjects. 
16.6. 
Other Objectives 
Other objectives beyond the designated primary and secondary objectives will be exploratory. 
There will be no multiplicity protection scheme for these analyses, and the results of these 
analyses will be labeled as exploratory. 
16.7. 
Safety Objectives 
Safety assessments include reported adverse events, laboratory tests results, and vital signs. 
Safety variables will be summarized for the Safety Analysis Set (SAS), defined as all 
randomized subjects who take at least one dose of study drug.  
Adverse events will be coded using the MedDRA dictionary. Coding includes system organ class 
(SOC) and preferred term (PT). All verbatim descriptions and coded terms will be listed for all 
AEs.  
Safety summaries are described in the SAP. 
17. 
REGULATORY AND ETHICS CONSIDERATIONS 
17.1. 
Institutional Review Board (IRB) 
This study protocol must be submitted to an IRB for review and approval prior to initiation. As 
this study will be conducted at multiple sites, it is expected that each site must submit and obtain 
approval from their designated IRB with preference towards use of a central IRB when at all 
possible. Before the investigational product can be shipped to the investigative site and before 
the consenting and screening of subjects at the site can begin, all required regulatory documents 
(Section 18.1) must be in place. In addition, the protocol, any protocol amendments, the consent 
form, any advertising materials, any materials to be provided to the subjects for the proposed 
clinical study, and any other documents required by the IRB must be submitted by the 
Investigator (or representative) for review and approval by the IRB. The Investigator must also 

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ensure that the IRB reviews the progress of the study, if necessary, and renews its approval of the 
study (if ongoing) on an annual basis. Any member of the IRB who is directly affiliated with this 
study as an Investigator or as participating site personnel must abstain from the IRB vote on the 
approval of the protocol and associated documents. 
All amendments or revisions to the protocol must undergo review by appropriate IRBs. 
Amendments/revisions will be circulated to all participating sites with clear instructions 
regarding IRB review. Amendments will be submitted by the Sponsor to the Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA) prior to central implementation to the study, and by IRBs prior to local 
implementation, EXCEPT when the amendment eliminates an immediate hazard to clinical trial 
subjects or is of a purely administrative nature. 
A copy of the IRB approval letter must be forwarded to the Sponsor or Sponsor’s representative 
before the study is implemented. The approval letter must clearly state the protocol title and 
version that was reviewed, as well as any associated documents. The Investigator also must 
forward copies of subsequent amendment approval letters upon receipt.  
17.2. 
Ethical Conduct of the Study 
This trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the ICH 
Guidelines on GCP, the US Code of Federal Regulations, and local requirements regarding IRB 
committee review, informed consent, and other statutes or regulations regarding the protection of 
the rights and welfare of human subjects participating in biomedical research. Study plans may 
be adjusted in response to COVID-19 public health control measures and in accordance with 
regulatory guidelines to ensure subject safety, data integrity and study continuity occurs.  
17.3. 
Informed Consent 
The informed consent forms used for the study must comply with the Declaration of Helsinki 
and its updates and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines and must 
have been approved by the Sponsor or Sponsor’s representatives (prior to review by the site’s 
IRB) and the Investigator’s IRB. The Investigator or an authorized associate, must explain the 
nature of the study and the treatment in such a manner that the subject is aware of his/her rights 
and responsibilities, as well as potential benefits and risks. The Investigator is also responsible 
for answering any questions the subject may have throughout the study and sharing any new 
information, in a timely manner, that may be relevant to the subject’s willingness to continue 
his/her participation in the trial.  
Subjects must also be informed that participation is voluntary and that they may withdraw from 
the study at any time, without prejudice to their current or future care. Documentation of the 
discussion and the date of informed consent should be recorded in the subject’s medical record 
or a study/clinic chart. Once all of their questions have been answered and they have voluntarily 
agreed to participate in the study, subjects will be asked to sign and date the Informed Consent 
Form.  
Subjects, or their legally authorized representatives, must give informed consent in writing prior 
to the performance of any protocol-specific procedure. Subjects who cannot give informed 
consent (ie, mentally incompetent subjects or those physically incapacitated such as comatose 
subjects) are not to be recruited into the study. Subjects who are competent but physically unable 

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to sign the consent form may have the document signed by their nearest relative or legal 
guardian. A copy of the signed Informed Consent Form will be provided to the subject. 
17.4. 
Subject Confidentiality 
The Investigator must attempt to assure that the subjects’ confidentiality will be maintained 
within the limit of the law. Subjects will be identified by subject number and initials (or other 
code) on all documents submitted to the Sponsor. Subjects will not be identified by name.  
All records will be kept in a secure place in the clinical research site. Computer data entry and 
data review programs will be done using subject numbers and initials (or other code) only. 
Clinical information will not be released without written permission of the subject, as outlined in 
the subject consent form.  
The Investigator must maintain a log of subject names and identification codes. 
18. 
DOCUMENTATION  
18.1. 
Study File and Site Documents 
Prior to the activation of the study, at a minimum, the following items must be received by the 
Sponsor from the site: 
1. Confidential Disclosure Agreement. 
2. Signed protocol, and amendment(s) page(s).  
3. The Principal Investigator’s curriculum vitae and current medical license. Note: Principal 
Investigator or a Co-Investigator must be a medical doctor (MD). 
4. Documentation of required training for designated smoking cessation behavioral 
counselors. 
5. Signed Clinical Study Agreement/Contract. 
6. Signed Financial Disclosure Form from the relevant site personnel. 
7. IRB written approval for the protocol, amendment(s), Informed Consent Form, Smoking 
cessation information and advertisements (if applicable). 
8. IRB Membership list or an official statement from the IRB stating the IRB is in 
compliance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP). 
9. FDA Form 1572 
18.2. 
Study Documents Supplied by the Sponsor 
The Sponsor will supply the investigator with the following items: 
1. Current version of the Investigator’s Brochure  
2. Current version of study protocol 
3. Master CRF 

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4. Informed Consent Form template 
5. Study Procedure Manual 
6. Laboratory Manual (if applicable) 
18.3. 
Maintenance and Retention of Records 
It is the responsibility of the investigator to maintain a comprehensive and centralized filing 
system of all relevant documentation. 
Investigators will be instructed to retain all study records required by the Sponsor and regulatory 
authorities in a secure and safe facility with limited access for one of the following time periods 
based on notification from the Sponsor: 
1. For a period of at least 2 years from the last marketing approval worldwide.  
2. Or a period of at least two years after discontinuation of clinical development of the 
investigational product as confirmed by the Sponsor. 
The investigator will be instructed to consult with the Sponsor before disposal of any study 
records and to provide written notification to the Sponsor of any change in the location, 
disposition, or custody of the study files. 
19. 
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 
19.1. 
Sponsor Responsibilities 
The study will be monitored by representatives of the Sponsor and/or designated contract 
research organizations (CROs). On-site and remote monitoring will be performed. Routine 
monitoring visits will be conducted to (at a minimum): 
1. Assure compliance with the study protocol. 
2. Verify that the research facilities, including laboratories and equipment, are adequate to 
safely and properly conduct the study. 
3. Verify that the investigational product is stored properly and under the proper conditions, 
is in sufficient supply, and that receipt, use, and destruction or return of investigational 
product at the study sites are controlled and documented adequately. 
4. Verify that written informed consent was obtained before any protocol-specific screening 
procedures are performed solely for the purpose of determining eligibility for the clinical 
study and/or prior to the provision of study drug. 
5. Review the subject CRFs and source documents to ensure that reported study data are 
accurate, complete, and verifiable from source documents. 
6. Verify that the Investigator and study site personnel are adequately qualified throughout 
the study. 
7. Verify that the safety information and amendments are submitted to the IRBs. 
 

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19.2. 
Investigator Responsibilities 
All requested study data must be entered on the CRFs for the study. An explanation should be 
provided for all missing data. Correction of data on a CRF will be made with identification of the 
individual making the correction and date of the correction. Only individuals who are identified 
on the Delegation of Responsibility Form(s) may correct data on the CRF. For those subjects 
who withdraw before completion of their specified treatment regimen, all available efficacy and 
safety data must be entered in the CRF. The reason for withdrawal must be specified. Incomplete 
or inconsistent data on the CRFs will result in data queries that will be returned to the 
Investigator for resolution. 
The Investigator must maintain adequate and accurate source documents upon which CRFs for 
each subject are based. The source documents are to be separate and distinct from the CRFs, 
except for cases in which the Sponsor has predetermined that direct entry into specified pages of 
the subject’s CRF is appropriate. The documents to be maintained must include, but are not 
limited to, detailed notes on: 
1. The medical history prior to participation in the study. 
2. The basic identifying information, such as demographics, that link the subject’s source 
documents with the CRFs. 
3. The results of all diagnostic tests performed, diagnoses made, therapy provided, and any 
other data on the condition of the subject. 
4. The subject’s exposure to study treatment. 
5. All AEs. 
6. The subject’s exposure to any concomitant therapy, including dates of administration. 
7. All relevant observations and data on the condition of the subject throughout the study. 
8. The oral and written communication with the subject regarding the study treatment, 
including the risks and benefits of the study. The date of informed consent must be 
recorded in the source documentation. 
19.3. 
Regulatory Compliance 
Quality Assurance representatives from the Sponsor or their delegate, and the FDA as required 
will be allowed to periodically visit the Investigators to discuss the conduct of the trial and, upon 
request, to inspect the records of the trial. These reviews are necessary to ensure that the study is 
conducted according to standards consistent with the ICH GCP Guidelines. 
The Investigator agrees to discuss and correct, if necessary, any problems or deficiencies that are 
found during the course of these reviews. 
19.4. 
Protocol Modification/Premature Termination 
All protocol amendments must be written and approved by the Sponsor. Each IRB will review 
and approve amendments prior to their implementation in the study. IRB approval need not be 
obtained prior to removal of an immediate hazard to subjects. 

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The Sponsor may suspend or terminate the protocol early if safety or other issues occur. 
Furthermore, the study may also be terminated prematurely by the Sponsor for important 
corporate reasons, or due to instruction of the FDA due to safety reasons.  
The Principal Investigator may terminate participation at his/her site at any time but must 
provide all study data for subjects randomized.  
Following a decision of temporary suspension or discontinuation, it is a responsibility of the 
Principal Investigator to inform the study subjects and IRB stating the reasons for premature 
termination. The Sponsor shall be responsible for expedited reporting and/or notification to the 
FDA, as applicable.  
19.5. 
Policy for Publication and Data Presentation 
The Sponsor encourages the scientific publication of data from clinical research trials. However, 
Investigators may not present or publish partial or complete study results individually. The 
Principal Investigators and the Sponsor may propose appropriate scientific manuscripts or 
abstracts from the study data. Any manuscript or abstract proposed by the Investigators must be 
reviewed to ensure accuracy of data represented and commented upon in writing by the Sponsor 
prior to submission for publication. Investigators agree to consider the comments of the Sponsor 
in good faith and the Sponsor agrees in good faith not to impose limitations on access to the 
complete study data or unreasonable or inappropriate restrictions on publication of the study 
results. In case of publication, confidentiality of the study volunteers will be maintained. 

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Protocol No. ACH-CYT-04 (ORCA-3) 
20. 
INVESTIGATOR’S AGREEMENT  
I have carefully read the foregoing protocol including all appendices and agree that it contains all 
the necessary information for conducting the study safely. 
I will conduct this study in strict accordance with this protocol and according to the current GCP 
guidelines and will attempt to complete the study within the time designated. 
I will provide copies of the protocol and all other information submitted by the Sponsor relating 
to non-clinical and prior clinical experience to all personnel for whom I am responsible that 
participate in the study. I will discuss this information with them to assure that they are 
adequately informed regarding the drug and conduct of the study. 
I agree to keep records on all subject information (case report forms, shipment and drug 
return/destruction forms and all other information collected during the study) in accordance with 
the current GCP and local regulations. 
 
 
Site Principal Investigator’s name 
 
 
 
 
 
Signature/Date 
 
 
Institution 

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21. 
REFERENCES 
 
1. 
West  R, Zatonski  W, Cedzynska  M, et al. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cytisine for 
Smoking Cessation. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;365:1193-200. 
2. 
Walker N, Howe C, Glover M, et al. Cytisine versus nicotine for smoking cessation. The 
New England journal of medicine 2014;371:2353-62. 
3. 
Walker N, Smith B, Barnes J, et al. Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in 
New Zealand indigenous Māori: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 
2021. 
4. 
West R, Evins AE, Benowitz NL, et al. Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking 
cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES. Addiction (Abingdon, 
England) 2018;113:1507-16. 
5. 
Etter J. Cytisine for smoking cessation: A literature review and a meta-analysis. Archives 
of Internal Medicine 2006;166:1553-9. 
6. 
Papke RL, Heinemann SF. Partial agonist properties of cytisine on neuronal nicotinic 
receptors containing the beta 2 subunit. Molecular pharmacology 1994;45:142-9. 
7. 
Parker MJ, Beck A, Luetje CW. Neuronal nicotinic receptor beta2 and beta4 subunits 
confer large differences in agonist binding affinity. Molecular pharmacology 1998;54:1132-9. 
8. 
Coe JW, Brooks PR, Vetelino MG, et al. Varenicline: an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor 
partial agonist for smoking cessation. Journal of medicinal chemistry 2005;48:3474-7. 
9. 
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019. 2019.  
10. 
Hughes JR, Keely J, Naud S. Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among 
untreated smokers. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2004;99:29-38. 
11. 
Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' 
observations on male British doctors. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 2004;328:1519. 
12. 
Foulds J, Burke M, Steinberg M, Williams JM, Ziedonis DM. Advances in 
pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence. Expert opinion on emerging drugs 2004;9:39-53. 
13. 
Hughes JR, Stead LF, Hartmann-Boyce J, Cahill K, Lancaster T. Antidepressants for 
smoking cessation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2014:Cd000031. 
14. 
Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, et al. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. 
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2012;11:Cd000146. 
15. 
Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas KH, Fanshawe TR, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor 
partial agonists for smoking cessation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 
2016:Cd006103. 
16. 
Anthenelli RM, Benowitz NL, West R, et al. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of 
varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders 
(EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet 
2016;387:2507-20. 
17. 
West R, Hajek P, Stead L, Stapleton J. Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: 
proposal for a common standard. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 2005;100:299-303. 
18. 
Thomas DG. Algorithm AS 36: Exact Confidence Limits for the Odds Ratio in a 2 × 2 
Table. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) 1971;20:105-10. 
19. 
Thomas DG, Gart JJ. A Table of Exact Confidence Limits for Differences and Ratios of 
Two Proportions and Their Odds Ratios. Journal of the American Statistical Association 
1977;72:73-6. 

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20. 
Yan X, Lee S, Li N. Missing data handling methods in medical device clinical trials. 
Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics 2009;19:1085-98. 
21. 
Posner K, Brown GK, Stanley B, et al. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: 
initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and 
adults. The American journal of psychiatry 2011;168:1266-77. 
22. 
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for 
Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British journal of 
addiction 1991;86:1119-27. 
23. 
Etter JF, Bergman MM, Humair JP, Perneger TV. Development and validation of a scale 
measuring self-efficacy of current and former smokers. Addiction (Abingdon, England) 
2000;95:901-13. 
24. 
Cox LS, Tiffany ST, Christen AG. Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges 
(QSU-brief) in laboratory and clinical settings. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of 
the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2001;3:7-16. 
25. 
West R, Ussher M. Is the ten-item Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-brief) more 
sensitive to abstinence than shorter craving measures? Psychopharmacology 2010;208:427-32. 
26. 
Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, Baker CL, Merikle E, Olufade AO, Gilbert DG. 
Revealing the multidimensional framework of the Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale. Current 
medical research and opinion 2005;21:749-60. 
27. 
Foulds J, Russ C, Yu CR, et al. Effect of varenicline on individual nicotine withdrawal 
symptoms: a combined analysis of eight randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Nicotine & 
tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 
2013;15:1849-57. 
28. 
Stern AF. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Occupational medicine (Oxford, 
England) 2014;64:393-4. 
 

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APPENDIX 1. COLUMBIA - SUICIDE SEVERITY RATING SCALE 
(C-SSRS) 
The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) provides a standardized method to assess 
both suicidal ideation and behaviour to identify those at risk for suicide.21 The questionnaire 
must be administered by trained study staff* at Screening and again at the Week 6 (Day 42) and 
Week 12 (Day 86) study visits. Assessments at Screening will utilize the “Screening” version of 
the form with ideation to be assessed in the past 3 months and suicidal behaviour within lifetime 
(the later assessment timing helps to discern if later positive assessments are possibly treatment 
emergent). Any “Yes” to question 4 or 5 OR “Yes” to any suicidal behaviour question with clear 
suicidal intent or previous attempt will be considered exclusionary for this study. Assessments at 
Week 6 (Day 42) and Week 12 (Day 86) study visits will utilize the “Since Last Visit” version of 
the form with timeframe to be “since last assessment”. Any “Yes” to question 4 or 5 OR “Yes” 
to any suicidal behaviour question at the Week 6 (Day 42) or Week 12 (Day 86) study visits 
requires reporting as an AE as well as referral to a qualified Mental Health Professional for 
follow-up. 
*Training by study staff is to be documented via certification in past 1 year on the C-SSRS. 
Training can be obtained on-line (www.cssrs.columbia.edu/training/training-research-setting). 
 

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APPENDIX 2. FAGERSTRÖM TEST OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE  
 
The Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) has been shown to be a reliable and valid 
measure of nicotine dependence22 and will be administered at the randomization visit only. 
Analysis of results is outlined in the study Statistical Analysis Plan. 
 
Question 
Response 
How soon after you wake up do you smoke your 
first cigarette? 
Within 5 minutes 
 
6-30 minutes 
 
31-60 minutes 
 
After 60 minutes 
 
 
Do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in 
places where it is forbidden (for example in church, 
at the library, in a cinema, etc.)? 
Yes 
 
No 
 
 
Which cigarette would you hate most to give up? 
The first one in the 
morning 
 
All others 
 
 
How many cigarettes/day do you smoke? 
10 or less 
 
11-20 
 
21-30 
 
31 or more 
 
 
Do you smoke more frequently during the first 
hours after waking than during the rest of the day? 
Yes 
 
No 
 
 
Do you smoke if you are so ill that you are in bed 
most of the day? 
Yes 
 
No 
 
 

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APPENDIX 3. SMOKING SELF-EFFICACY QUESTIONNAIRE (SEQ-12) 
The Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12)23 is a validated instrument to assess baseline 
situations in which people might be tempted to smoke and will be administered at the 
randomization visit only. Analysis of results is outlined in the study Statistical Analysis Plan. 
 
The following are some situations in 
which certain people might be tempted to 
smoke. Please indicate whether you are 
sure that you could refrain from smoking 
in each situation using one of the 
following answers: 
1 = 
Not at 
all sure 
2 =  
Not Very 
Sure 
3= 
More or 
less sure 
4 = 
Fairly 
Sure 
5 = 
Absolutely 
Sure 
1. When I feel nervous 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
2. When I feel depressed 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
3. When I am angry 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
4. When I feel very anxious 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5. When I want to think about a 
difficult problem 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6. When I feel the urge to smoke 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
7. When having a drink with 
friends 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
8. When celebrating something 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
9. When drinking beer, wine, or 
other spirits 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
10. When I am with other 
smokers 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
11. After a meal 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
12. When having coffee or tea 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
 

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APPENDIX 4. BRIEF QUESTIONNAIRE OF SMOKING URGES 
(QSU-BRIEF) 
The 10-question Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-Brief) has been validated as a 
self-report instrument to measure tobacco craving/urges24,25 and will be administered to study 
subjects at randomization and clinic visits on Day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Analysis of results is 
outlined in the study Statistical Analysis Plan. 
We are interested in how you are thinking or feeling right now as you are filling out the 
questionnaire: 
Question 
Response 
 
Strongly Disagree……..Strongly Agree 
 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
I have a desire for a cigarette right now. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
Nothing would be better than smoking a cigarette 
right now. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
If it were possible, I probably would smoke now. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
I could control things better right now if I could 
smoke. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
All I want right now is a cigarette. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
I have an urge for a cigarette. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
A cigarette would taste good now. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
I would do almost anything for a cigarette now. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
Smoking would make me less depressed. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
I am going to smoke as soon as possible. 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
⃝ 
 
 

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APPENDIX 5. MINNESOTA WITHDRAWAL SCALE (MNWS) 
Several versions of the Minnesota Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) have been used since 1986. The 
version used in this study has been shown to provide specific assessment of nicotine withdrawal 
using 9 specific items.26,27 The questionnaire will be administered to all study subjects at 
randomization and then weekly starting on Week 1 through Week 7 clinic visits. Analysis of 
results is outlined in the study Statistical Analysis Plan. 
For each of the following, please rate yourself on how you have been feeling over the past 
24 hours. Mark the number that applies to you: 
Question 
Response 
 
Not at all 
Slight 
Moderate 
Quite a bit 
Extreme 
Urge to smoke item 1 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Depressed mood item 2 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Irritability, frustration, or 
anger item 3 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Anxiety item 4 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Difficulty concentrating item 5 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Restlessness item 6 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Increased appetite item 7 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Difficulty going to sleep item 8   
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Difficulty staying asleep item 9 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 

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APPENDIX 6. HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE 
(HADS) 
The HADS questionnaire28 has been validated as a self-report instrument to measure levels of 
anxiety and depression and will be administered to study subjects. This questionnaire must be 
completed by all potential study subjects (completed = each of the 14 questions must be 
answered by the subject) during screening. The HADS questionnaire must be reviewed by clinic 
staff and a summation score calculated by totalling the numbers circled for each question at 
Screening Visit #1. A score >11 (total of Depression “D” Questions only) indicates current 
symptoms of moderate to severe depression and will be considered exclusionary for this study. 
The HADS questionnaire is to also be completed at Day 42 (Week 6) and again at Day 86 
(Week 12). Analysis of results is outlined in the study Statistical Analysis Plan. 
 
A 
I feel tense or 'wound up': 
 
D 
I feel as if I am slowed down: 
3 
Most of the time 
 
3 
Nearly all the time 
2 
A lot of the time 
 
2 
Very often 
1 
From time to time, occasionally 
 
1 
Sometimes 
0 
Not at all 
 
0 
Not at all 
 
 
 
 
 
D 
I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy: 
 
A 
I get a sort of frightened feeling like 
'butterflies' in the stomach: 
0 
Definitely as much 
 
0 
Not at all 
1 
Not quite so much 
 
1 
Occasionally 
2 
Only a little 
 
2 
Quite Often 
3 
Hardly at all 
 
3 
Very Often 
 
 
 
 
 
A 
I get a sort of frightened feeling as if 
something awful is about to happen: 
 
D 
I have lost interest in my appearance: 
3 
Very definitely and quite badly 
 
3 
Definitely 
2 
Yes, but not too badly 
 
2 
I don't take as much care as I should 
1 
A little, but it doesn't worry me 
 
1 
I may not take quite as much care 
0 
Not at all 
 
0 
I take just as much care as ever 
 
 
 
 
 
D 
I can laugh and see the funny side of 
things: 
 
A 
I feel restless as I have to be on the 
move: 
0 
As much as I always could 
 
3 
Very much indeed 
1 
Not quite so much now 
 
2 
Quite a lot 
2 
Definitely not so much now 
 
1 
Not very much 
3 
Not at all 
 
0 
Not at all 
 
 
 
 
 
A 
Worrying thoughts go through my 
mind: 
 
D 
I look forward with enjoyment to 
things: 
3 
A great deal of the time 
 
0 
As much as I ever did 
2 
A lot of the time 
 
1 
Rather less than I used to 
1 
From time to time, but not too often 
 
2 
Definitely less than I used to 
0 
Only occasionally 
 
3 
Hardly at all 
 
 
 
 
 
D 
I feel cheerful: 
 
A 
I get sudden feelings of panic: 
3 
Not at all 
 
3 
Very often indeed 
2 
Not often 
 
2 
Quite often 
1 
Sometimes 
 
1 
Not very often 
0 
Most of the time 
 
0 
Not at all 
 
 
 
 
 

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A 
I can sit at ease and feel relaxed: 
 
D 
I can enjoy a good book or radio or TV 
program: 
0 
Definitely 
 
0 
Often 
1 
Usually 
 
1 
Sometimes 
2 
Not Often 
 
2 
Not often 
3 
Not at all 
 
3 
Very seldom 
Note: The actual questionnaire will not indicate the category (A=anxiety, D=depression) or the points, which are 
provided here to show how responses will be scored for analysis. 

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APPENDIX 7. BEHAVIORAL SUPPORT 
Each participating site must have a minimum of two staff members assigned to provide smoking 
cessation counseling. For this study, site counselors are required to complete an on-line training 
course identified by Achieve Life Sciences and pass the associated examination. Evidence of 
completion (certificate issued by the training course administrator) must be provided prior to site 
activation. The site counselors will be provided additional study-specific training prior to or 
during site initiation. 
All subjects will receive up to 15 behavioral support sessions by a qualified study site staff 
member, starting prior to randomization at the Screening Visit #2 when the subject sets their Quit 
Date, again at randomization and continuing through the Week 12 (Day 86±1 day) visit. Each 
behavioral session will be subject-driven and must include direct engagement with the subject 
about their attempt to quit smoking. Each session should last approximately 10 minutes. Ideally, 
one counselor should be assigned to support a given subject throughout their smoking cessation 
journey during the study in order to establish a trusting and supportive relationship.  
Site counselor(s) are to encourage subjects to continue study drug as scheduled even if they quit 
smoking as planned or if they lapse and have a cigarette after their quit date during the Treatment 
Period. It is important for subjects to keep trying to quit as planned. It is also important to stress 
to subjects that they should be honest when reporting cigarette smoking status and to remind 
them that all timepoints from Week 2 through Week 12 during the Treatment Period will be 
verified using CO.  
Subjects will be given the National Cancer Institute, “Clearing the Air” booklet, American Heart 
Associate “Managing Stress” handout, and the American Thoracic Society, “What is Second and 
Third Hand Smoking?” handout at the randomization visit. 
Subjects will be given a list of 2-3 U.S. websites (eg, www.smokefree.gov, 
www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking, 
www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-living-lifestyle/quit-smoking-tobacco) as resources.  
Subjects may receive additional abbreviated support (based on issues/concerns/questions raised 
by the subject) during the Follow-up Period. 
Each behavioral session will be subject-driven and must include direct engagement with the 
subject about their attempt to quit smoking. Counselors must be warm, empathetic, and genuine 
so that the subject is comfortable and will share issues and challenges that can be discussed 
further. In addition, the counselor is to be well-versed on study drug administration and expected 
side effects of cytisinicline and able to clearly review and discuss these topics with the study 
subject. Subjects will be encouraged to “keep trying” if they experience set-backs or a “lapse” 
during treatment. Each session should last approximately 10 minutes. 
Practical counseling (problem solving/skills training) should be given. Topics include, but are 
not limited to, the following: 
• Abstinence–Striving for total abstinence is essential. Not even a single puff after the 
quit date. 
• Past quit experience–Identify what helped and what hurt in previous quit attempts. 
Build on past success.  

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• Anticipate triggers or challenges in the upcoming attempt–Discuss challenges/triggers 
and how the subject will successfully overcome them (eg, avoid triggers, alter 
routines). 
• Alcohol–Because alcohol is associated with relapse, the subject should consider 
limiting/abstaining from alcohol while quitting. (Note that reducing alcohol intake 
could precipitate withdrawal in alcohol-dependent persons).  
• Other smokers in the household–Quitting is more difficult when there is another 
smoker in the household. Subjects should encourage housemates to quit with them or 
to not smoke in their presence. 
• Recognize danger situations–Identify events, internal states, or activities that increase 
the risk of smoking or relapse (ie, smoking cues and availability of cigarettes, 
experiencing urges) 
• Develop coping skills–Identify and practice coping or problem solving skills. 
Typically, these skills are intended to cope with danger situations (ie, learning to 
avoid temptation and triggers) 
• Provide basic information–Provide basic information about smoking and successful 
quitting. 
Worksheets containing questions will be provided and may be administered by the counselor to 
initiate/foster open conversation with the subject and may be used at the start or during the study. 
These questions do not need to be used at every visit. They are provided as guidance if the 
subject has difficulty opening up a discussion.  
Potential questions are: 
• What is my motivation for quitting?  
• Why is it important for me to quit right now? 
• What are the biggest barriers I will encounter without a cigarette? 
• What are some alternatives I can do when I face these barriers instead of smoking? 
• What are my stress triggers for cravings? 
• How will I deal with these stressors instead of smoking? 
• What are your biggest concerns/fears about quitting smoking? 
At the end of each visit, the subject will be reminded of supplementary information for additional 
support including: study staff contact information, Quitline information (1-800-QUIT-NOW), or 
additional websites.  
Any questions regarding the medication or protocol must be answered by qualified study staff. 
Documentation of the behavioral support must be captured in the subject’s source document.