Healthy Aging: Effects of Time-specific Exercise on Functional, Structural, Metabolic and Immune Parameters in Circadian Context
Phase: NA
Conditions: Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, Aging
Sponsor: Comenius University

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthy ageing: Effects of time-specific exercise on functional, structural, metabolic, and 
immune parameters in circadian context 
 
December, 16th 2024 
Unique protocol ID: APVV-21-0164 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Study protocol  

The training units within the experimental factor consist of 2 parts. From 2 TJs under 
expert guidance, always on Mondays and Fridays, in the gym of the Centre for Active Ageing 
of the FTVŠ UK and 1 home TJ according to the instructional video always on Wednesdays. 
TJ in the premises of FTVŠ UK consisted of a warm-up lasting 15 min, which consisted 
of mobilization, stabilization part- in both 5 exercises in 1 series of 10 repetitions. This was 
followed by an integrative part to practice complex movement patterns, consisting of 3 
exercises, 5-10 repetitions in one series. The main part consisted of a strength and endurance 
part. In the strength portion, probands complete 8 exercises, 4 exercises targeting the lower 
extremities and 4 exercises targeting the trunk and upper extremities at a tempo of 2120.  For 
the lower limbs, these were complex exercises using equipment and tools, where proper 
technique was also emphasized. Mondays were trained in higher volume- 2x 12 reps at 12RM 
intensity and Fridays in volume 2x 8 reps but with higher resistance (8RM). The endurance part 
is performed on the "air-bike" trainer, where probands perform first 1 min free followed by 6x 
20s "ON" and 40s "OFF". 20s "ON" is performed at an intensity of 60-70% of maximum heart 
rate.  
 
Statistical analysis 
Descriptive parameters will be reported as means ± standard deviations (SD) and 95% 
confidence intervals (95% CI). Normality of data distribution and homogeneity of data will be 
ascertained to ensure that the assumptions of the analysis are met, using the Shapiro-Wilk test, 
Levene's test (homogeneity). 
The ANOVA test for repeated measures will be used to determine differences between 
experimental and control groups, as well as morning and afternoon groups, in all parameters.  
Percentage changes in aMT6s concentration will be assessed separately for each subject. 
The mean value of aMT6s concentration in the control group will be taken as 100%. Based on 
this value, the percentage difference will be calculated after implementation of the experimental 
factor.  
Results will be considered significant for values <0.05 and all statistical procedures will 
be performed using SPSS 23 (IBM, New York, USA). 
Data analyzing sleep quality and movement during sleep will be analyzed automatically 
using Actiwatch Activity & Sleep Analysis 7 software.