Lifestyle Intervention With Physical Activity and Diet for Precision Health in Individuals With Overweight: a 6-month Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (LI-PAD)
Phase: NA
Conditions: Overweight
Sponsor: Vastra Gotaland Region

Figure 1. Design of lifestyle intervention with physical activity and diet. 
 
Date: 12 of April 2024. 

”One size fits all”
Precision health (grey)
General advice on 
physical activity
General advice on diet 
Individualized advice 
on physical activity
Individualized advice 
on diet
Evaluation
A. Effect
• Weight (primary outcome)
• Waist-hip circumferences
• Resting energy 
expenditure
• Cardiometabolic risk 
factors
• Aerobic fitness
• Muscle strength and 
endurance
• Physical activity
• Diiet
• Health-related quality 
of life
• Geospatial data (GPS)
B. Feasibility
• Process evaluation
• Perceived barriers and 
facilitators for behavioral 
change
Medical 
Psycho-social
Comorbidity 
Preferences
Risk profile 
Barriers-facilitators
Medication 
Socialt support
Symptoms 
Readiness to change
 
Health literacy
Step 1. Individuell adaption
Step 2. Individual adaption from 
measured VO2max
Step 2. Individual adaption from 
food diary and measured resting 
energy expanditure
Step 3 Counseling & support
Aerob training 
      Meetings (physical, online)
Strength training        Lifestyle app
Water training            Online coaching
  Home training           Nudging
    Lifestyle school
    
Centre for Lifestyle Intervention, Östra Hospital, Sahlgrenska University hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
Start
End
Professions
Physician
Nurse
Biomedical analyst
Physiotherapist
Health promotor

Figure 2. Design of randomized controlled trial, with measurements and time plan. 
 
Date: 12 of April 2024 
 

Intervention group (n=60)
Control group (n=60)
All participants
• Body weight
• Body height, waist-hip circumferences
• Resting energy expenditure
• Blood pressure
• Blood samples of risk markers
• Aerobic fitness
• Muscle strength and endurance
• Physical activity (SGPALS)
• Diet (Meal-Q)
• Health-related quality of Life (EQ-5D-3L)
• Physical activity (accelerometry)
• Geospatial data (GPS)
Intervention group
• Body weight
• Waist-hip circumferences
• Resting energy expenditure
• Blood pressure
T0
T1
T2
T3
Time plan
Jan – Dec 2024
Jan – Dec 2025
Jan – Dec 2026
Recruitment 
Baseline (T0) 
Intervention + follow-ups (T1-T3)
Intervention + follow-ups (T2-T3)
Analyses and dissemination
Analyses and dissemination
Meetings with steering board etc.
Development of long-term intervention study
Usual care defined as written lifestyle advice
Individualized advice and support to physical activity and diet
All participants
• Body weight (primary outcome)
• Waist-hip circumferences
• Resting energy expenditure
• Blood pressure
• Blood samples of risk markers
• Aerobic fitness
• Muscle strength and endurance
• Physical activity (SGPALS)
• Diet (Meal-Q)
• Health-related quality of Life (EQ-5D-3L)
• Physical activity (accelerometry)
• Geospatial data (GPS)
Intervention group
Feasibility:
• Process evaluation
• Perceived barriers and facilitators for 
behavioral change
⑃
Invitation
Screening
Baseline T0
Randomization
Follow-up T1
1 month
Follow-up T2
3 months
Follow-up T3
6 months
Start meeting
• Medical feedback
• Intervention introduction