Clinical Evaluation of a Fiber-optic Sensor System for Monitoring Respiration Activity and Heart Work During MRI Examinations
Conditions: Anxiety, Claustrophobia, Hyperventilation, Stress
Sponsor: Military Institute of Aviation Medicine

 
Military Institute of Aviation Medicine 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research Protocol 
 
 
 
 
 
Clinical evaluation of a fibre-optic sensor system for monitoring 
respiration activity and heart work during MRI examinations 
 
 
 
 
Project PBS3/B9/41/2015 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 3, 2017 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Table of Contents 
OPTO-MRI 
2 
Table of Contents 
Project summary ........................................................................................................................ 3 
General information ................................................................................................................... 4 
Protocol Title ......................................................................................................................... 4 
Short title ................................................................................................................................ 4 
Acronym ................................................................................................................................. 4 
Sponsor .................................................................................................................................. 4 
Primary Investigator (PI) ...................................................................................................... 4 
Other medical and/or technical institutions involved in the research ................................... 4 
Rationale & background information ........................................................................................ 5 
Study goals and objectives ......................................................................................................... 6 
Study Design .............................................................................................................................. 6 
Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 7 
Fibre-optic sensor system ...................................................................................................... 7 
MRI scanner ........................................................................................................................... 8 
STAI ........................................................................................................................................ 8 
Safety Considerations ................................................................................................................ 8 
Follow-Up .................................................................................................................................. 8 
Data Management ...................................................................................................................... 9 
Statistical Analysis Plan ............................................................................................................. 9 
Quality Assurance ...................................................................................................................... 9 
Expected Outcomes of the Study ............................................................................................... 9 
Dissemination of Results and Publication Policy .................................................................... 10 
Duration of the Project ............................................................................................................. 10 
Problems Anticipated ............................................................................................................... 10 
Project Management ................................................................................................................ 10 
Ethics........................................................................................................................................ 10 
Informed Consent Forms ......................................................................................................... 11 
Literature .................................................................................................................................. 11 
Budget ...................................................................................................................................... 13 
Other support for the Project .................................................................................................... 13 
Collaboration with other scientists or research institutions ..................................................... 13 
Links to other projects ............................................................................................................. 13 
Curriculum Vitae of investigators ............................................................................................ 13 
PI’s Curriculum Vitae .......................................................................................................... 13 
Other investigators ............................................................................................................... 15 
Research activities of the PI ..................................................................................................... 15 
Financing and Insurance .......................................................................................................... 15 
Appendix A .............................................................................................................................. 16 
Appendix B .............................................................................................................................. 17 
Appendix C .............................................................................................................................. 18 
 

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Project summary 
The main purpose of the project is to determine the possibility of assessing the level of 
anxiety by means of the respiration curve and/or ballistocardiographic (BCG) signal acquired 
from MRI patients using a fibre-optic sensor system. In many patients, the MRI examination 
causes enormous stress due to limited space in the scanner, isolation during the examination 
and high noise levels. Usually, anxiety or stress triggers an increase in respiration rate (RR), 
leading to hyperventilation in extreme cases. There are also frequent cases of disturbances in 
heart rate (HR). Thus, the symptoms of claustrophobia can be detected by monitoring 
respiration activity and heart work. 
 
The fibre-optic sensor system consists of a sensor mat, an interrogator and a personal 
computer (PC), and records respiratory and BCG signals in patients during MRI. The 
metal-free sensor mat is placed under the patient’s back, does not pose a threat to the patient 
and has no influence over the quality of imaging. The interrogation module detects the optical 
signal including vital signs, and the PC with software developed for signal processing and 
visualisation enable the MRI operator to monitor patient’s RR and HR. 
 
Up to 200 MRI patients in different age, weight and gender groups will be participated in the 
study. They will be asked to complete the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire 
in order to estimate anxiety level before and after the MRI scanning. Relations between the 
STAI X-1 scores and the mean RR and/or HR values recorded at the beginning and the end of 
the MRI scanning will be analysed using descriptive statistic methods. Finally, the values of 
the physiological parameters, which may indicate a dangerous level of anxiety will be 
determined. Positive results of the clinical evaluation will predestine the fibre-optic sensor 
system to be implemented in routine MRI procedures. 
 
 

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Research Protocol:  Part I 
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General information 
Protocol Title 
Clinical evaluation of a fibre-optic sensor system for monitoring respiration activity and heart 
work during MRI examinations 
 
Short title 
Evaluation of an MRI-compatible vital signs sensor system 
 
Acronym 
OPTO-MRI 
 
Sponsor 
Military Institute of Aviation Medicine (MIAM) 
ul. Krasińskiego 54/56 
01-755 Warszawa 
Poland 
 
Primary Investigator (PI) 
Łukasz Dziuda, D.Sc., Ph. D. 
ul. Krasińskiego 54/56 
01-755 Warszawa 
Poland 
tel.:  +48 261-852-621 
email:  ldziuda@wiml.waw.pl 
 
Other medical and/or technical institutions involved in the research 
No other co-operators 
 

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Rationale & background information 
Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most common and 
reliable diagnostic methods in medicine. The results of the still improving imaging 
performances, new functionalities, and more affordable prices represent a pronounced trend 
toward equipping hospitals and clinics with MRI scanners [1]. The rapid development of this 
technology has created the need to construct devices capable of monitoring vital signs of 
at-risk patients during MRI examinations. The risk group in the context of MRI includes 
neonatal, paediatric, disabled, anesthetised, and insensible patients [2]. The monitoring of life 
functions is also recommended for persons with implanted pacemakers, patients developing 
reactions to contrast media, and persons with mental disorders who may not be able to 
communicate with the system operator or to use the alarm button. However, efforts are being 
made to monitor at least some basic physiological parameters such as respiration and heart 
activity [3] during each MRI examination, regardless of the patient category. 
 
Although MRI is a noninvasive method of investigation and does not expose patients to 
ionizing radiation, it has some psychological effects on patients. Some researchers [4],[5] 
have already demonstrated that 5 to 10% of patients undergoing MRI examinations 
experience severe claustrophobia or panic attacks during the scanning process, whereas 30% 
report milder distress and fear. Such increased stress stimuli and arousal may in turn lead to 
a phenomenon known as hyperventilation, which is increased ventilation of the lungs and 
significant acceleration and deepening of the breath, often resulting in fainting. 
 
Hyperventilation has numerous theoretical and empirical links to anxiety, panic, and fear 
episodes [6],[7]. This phenomenon was investigated in order to understand psychological and 
physiological mechanisms connected with hyperventilation that cause and maintain anxiety. 
On the other hand, attempts were also made to find a link between hyperventilation and the 
therapies used to treat different types of anxiety disorders. Some results [8] support the idea 
of higher variability and irregularity in the respiratory patterns of subjects with panic 
disorder. Other clinical studies [9] have shown that controlling and normalising the subject’s 
breathing activity helps to reduce both anxiety and panic symptoms. On the basis of this 
assumption, different training and therapeutic programs [10] have been created and carried 
out with the aim of teaching patients to breathe in a specific way to avoid or reverse 
hyperventilation, e.g., capnometry-assisted respiratory training (CART) [11]. Furthermore, 
attempts have also been made to study the relationship between different anxiety disorders 
and cardiological parameters. The literature [12] reveals an increased heart rate (HR) level in 
a group of people suffering from panic, anxiety disorders, and hyperventilation symptoms. 
 
In light of recent scientific reports, it seems obvious that MRI examinations can be a source 
of extreme stress and cause anxiety and panic symptoms in some patients. People who 
experience anxiety, fear, or hyperventilation during an MRI scan may either discontinue the 
procedure altogether or refuse to undergo MRI surveys in the future. In practice, it is very 
important to identify those who are likely to panic and experience anxiety-related symptoms 
in the MRI unit as early as possible, because only early detection ensures that appropriate 
actions can be taken to avoid psychological discomfort for the patient undergoing the scan 
and unnecessary use of the machine, as well as staff involvement in the entire procedure. 
Real-time monitoring of certain life functions in the patient, such as respiration rate (RR) and 
HR, can be helpful in controlling the arousal and anxiety level associated with the MRI 
examination itself and predicting the probability of a panic attack. 
 

Dziuda et al. 
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Conventional monitoring equipment is not designed to work in the harsh MRI environment, 
distinguished by a magnetic induction of 1.5 T, 3.0 T, or even higher values and with radio 
frequency (RF) impulses of considerable electromagnetic (EM) field intensity [13]. The 
presence of metal or electronic components under such conditions can cause burns on the 
patient’s skin and alter the EM field distribution and, thus, degrade the quality of imaging. 
Additionally, the signal transmitted using electrical conductive wires is vulnerable to the 
effects of a strong EM field, which complements the list of drawbacks of typical electronic 
measuring devices. On the other hand, optical sensors are fully penetrable in terms of the EM 
radiation applied in MRI, causing no interference. They are free from metal parts and 
function via optical fibres, resulting in their immunity to EM fields. 
 
 
Study goals and objectives 
The main objectives include: 
1. Testing the sensor system with participation of MRI patients, where the result measures 
relate both to feasibility and health outcomes. 
2. Verifying the signal quality, detecting RR and HR, and checking long-term measurement 
capabilities of the sensor system. 
3. Analysing changes in RR and HR in the context of the system ability to detect a high level 
of stress, hyperventilation and other symptoms of claustrophobia in MRI patients. 
 
 
Study Design 
The acquisition of physiological signals relies on placing the sensor mat under the patient’s 
back during standard MRI procedures. Before and after the MRI scanning, the patient gets to 
complete the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. The part of the body that is 
being scanned and the time of the MRI examination are not relevant. Although an average 
MRI scanning lasts from 20 to 40 minutes, we assume that the study will be no longer than 1 
hour as the administration of contrast media may prolong the survey. Up to 200 MRI patients 
of different age, weight and sex will be involved in the study. Exclusion criteria from the 
study are the same as exclusion criteria from MRI procedures. The sensor mat does not cause 
health changes in patients and the study is of observational type. The analysis will concern 
changes in RR and/or HR during MRI, with particular emphasis on the beginning and the end 
of the examination, i.e., 1- or 2-minute parts of the whole recording, as it shown in Fig. 1. 
The mean RR and/or HR values recorded at the beginning and the end of the MRI scanning 
will be referred to the STAI X-1 scores gathered before and after the MRI scanning, 
respectively. The research scheme includes also the collection of the STAI X-2 subscale 
before the MRI scanning. 
 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Part I 
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Fig. 1.  General scheme of the study. 
 
 
Methodology 
Fibre-optic sensor system 
The sensor system consists of a sensor mat, an interrogation module and a laptop personal 
computer (PC). As shown in Fig. 2,the sensor mat includes a spring-board that converts body 
movements including lung- and heart-induced motions into strain, and a single fibre Bragg 
grating (FBG) or an FBG matrix bonded to the board measures this strain. The instantaneous 
spectral position of the FBG reflection peak can be calibrated in terms of the respiration and 
heart activity readings. Thus, the sensor also acquires ballistocardiographic (BCG) signals, 
and to operate effectively, the mat has to be placed between the back of the patient (as close 
to the heart as possible) and the mattress of the MRI track table. 
 
 
Fig. 2.  Sensor mat based on a (a) single FBG and (b) FBG matrix. 
 
A schematic of the research setup is shown in Fig. 3. The sensor mat is placed in the MRI 
chamber underneath the chest area of the patient to ensure proximity to the heart and lungs. 
A few meters optical fibre is threaded through a wall opening and connected via a fibre-optic 
for angled physical contact (FC/APC) -type connector to an FBG interrogation module in the 
operation room. To interrogate the sensor mat, a commercially available DL-BP1-1501A 
broadband light source by DenseLight Semiconductors [14] with I-MON 256/512 USB 
monitor by Ibsen Photonics A/S [15], or sm130-700 integrated unit by Micron Optics [16] 
will be used. The data from the interrogation module is sent via an USB or Ethernet interface 
Time
MRI
Whole recording using fibre-optic sensor system
(Measures: optical singnal, instantaneous RR and HR)
Parts being subject to analysis
(Measures: mean RRs and HRs, ΔRR, ΔHR)
End
Beginning
Before MRI
Measures:
STAI X-1
STAI X-2
After MRI
Measures:
STAI X-1
Recording of vital signs
Optical 
fibre
(a)(a)
(b)(b)
FBG
Spring-board
FC/APC 
connector

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to the laptop PC with software developed for signal visualisation, data archiving as well as 
automatic determination of RR and HR. 
 
 
Fig. 3.  Research setup. 
 
MRI scanner 
Achieva 1.5T by Philips [17] or Discovery MR750w 3.0T by General Electric [18] MRI 
scanners will be used in the study. 
 
STAI 
In order to measure anxiety in patients undergoing MRI procedures, the Polish version of the 
STAI by Spielberger et al. [19] was used. The inventory is designed to measure the level of 
anxiety as a current state in response to a given situation (the X-1 subscale) as well as 
a relatively stable personal trait (the X-2 subscale). Evaluation of anxiety level in patients 
will be conducted according to a repeated measurement protocol. The subjects will complete 
the STAI X-1 subscale twice, i.e., just before entering the MRI scanner and immediately after 
leaving the scanner. The STAI X-2 subscale will be completed before the MRI scanning. As 
a result, the level of experienced anxiety before and after the MRI scanning, as well as the 
level of anxiety as a constant personality trait in patients, will be obtained. 
 
 
Safety Considerations 
The presence of the sensor mat during the MRI examination does not pose a threat to the 
patient. Because the sensor mat is free from metal elements, it is fully penetrable by the EM 
radiation used in MRI and causes no interference. We have previously showed that the 
fibre-optic sensor is transparent to the MRI system and does not introduce any artefacts into 
the spin echo (SE) T1 weighted and T2 weighted or to the gradient echo (GE) T2 weighted 
imaging sequences [20],[21]. 
 
 
Follow-Up 
No recommendations other than for standard MRI procedures. 
 
FBG interrogation 
module
PC
MRI scanner room
Operator room
Sensor mat
Optical fibre

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Data Management 
MIAM is both a research institute and medical centre, where data management and 
information security are provided in accordance with the ISO IEC 27001 standard. A copy of 
the certificate is included as Appendix A. 
 
 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
Descriptive statistic methods will be used to evaluate the state anxiety and RR and/or HR 
indicators, as well as to assess the difference between the first and second anxiety 
measurement. A correlation analysis with the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient 
will be performed to check if the initial RR and/or HR level is related to state anxiety 
measured right before the MRI study. 
 
Since we hypothesise about the individual variability of the change in the RR and/or HR 
levels during an MRI session, a growth mixture model analysis [22] will be performed to 
statistically differentiate the subject groups according to the trends in repeated measures of 
RR and/or HR. After that, the analysis will be performed with the use of the Student’s t-test 
to check whether the so-indentified groups differ on the magnitude of change in the state 
anxiety observed during the study. An Alpha level of 0.05 will be used in all of the statistical 
tests. 
 
The analysis will be performed using R statistical software version 3.4.0 [23]. The Growth 
mixture model analysis will be performed using the lcmm package version 1.7.7 [24]. The 
power analysis will be performed with the pwr package version 1.2-1 [25]. Plots will be 
created using the ggplot2 package version 2.2.1 [26]. 
 
 
Quality Assurance 
MIAM has a quality management certificate based on the ISO 9001:2008 and AQAP 
2120:2009 requirements. Copies of the certificates are included as Appendix B. 
 
 
Expected Outcomes of the Study 
Correlations between the STAI X-1 scores collected before and after the MRI scanning and 
the mean RR values recorded at the beginning and the end of the MRI scanning, respectively, 
are expected. Similarly, correlations between the STAI X-1 scores and the HR indicators 
should also be noticeable. We also expect the STAI X-2 scores will be useful in estimating 
the risk of anxiety symptoms during MRI. 
 
At least two manuscripts, one containing the results of the STAI scores in relation to RR, and 
the other containing the results of the STAI and HR analysis, will be submitted for 
publication. 
 
 

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Research Protocol:  Part I 
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Dissemination of Results and Publication Policy 
The results will be first reported to the National Centre of Research and Development 
(NCRD), Poland, in the form of mile stone reports. 
 
The publications will be prepared under the leadership of the PI. The PI decides on the author 
lists. Only persons who gave the conception of the sensor system, designed and constructed 
the sensor mat, designed the experimental protocol, coordinated the study, processed data for 
analysis, analysed and verified data, and interpreted the results, can be included on the author 
lists. The person who contributes the most to the preparation of the manuscript will be its first 
author. If the PI is not the author of the largest contribution, he will be acknowledged as the 
last author of the article. 
 
All authors will review the manuscripts and accept their final version. 
 
 
Duration of the Project 
Duration of the project is July 2015 - September 2018. 
 
Realisation of the research scenarios is scheduled for January 2017 - September 2018. 
 
 
Problems Anticipated 
Two main types of problems are anticipated: (1) patients’ anxiety reactions and (2) hardware 
failures. In the first case, we will follow typical MRI procedures, including calming the 
patient and restoring or abandoning the examination. In the event of the fibre-optic sensor 
system failure, the patient monitoring and data acquisition will take place shortly after the 
fault has been removed. 
 
 
Project Management 
The project is managed in accordance with the PRINCE2 methodology. The PI manages the 
investigators including the project coordinator and the study coordinator. The PI shall consult 
and report the results of the project to the Steering Committee. 
 
 
Ethics 
The fibre-optic sensor system does not pose any threats to the patient. Disturbing symptoms 
may result from the patient’s potential claustrophobic tendencies. In such cases, the standard 
MRI procedures should be followed. 
 
Potential subjects will be informed on the study at least 2 weeks before the planned study. 
Those who are initially interested in the study participation will receive a copy of the research 
protocol for acquainting. They should decide at least 3 days before the beginning of the 
planned study and inform the study coordinator. Just before the study, the subjects will 

Dziuda et al. 
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receive two copies of the informed consent form to acquaint and sign. One of the signed 
copies is for the subject whereas the other is for the sponsor. 
 
 
Informed Consent Forms 
Copies of the informed consent forms in English and Polish are included as Appendix C. 
 
 
Literature 
[1] Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Equipment - A global strategic business report. San 
Jose: Global Industry Analysts; 2015. 
[2] Shellock FG. Patient monitoring in the MRI environment. In: Shellock FG, editor. 
Magnetic resonance procedures: health effects and safety. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2001. 
p. 217-241. 
[3] von Smekal A, Seelos KC, Kuper CR, Reiser M. Patient monitoring and safety during 
MRI examinations. Eur Radiol 1995;5:302-305. 
[4] Meléndez JC, McCrank E. Anxiety-related reactions associated with magnetic resonance 
imaging examinations. J Am Med Assoc 1993;270:745-747. 
[5] Harris LM, Robinson J, Menzies RG. Predictors of panic symptoms during magnetic 
resonance imaging scans. Int J Behav Med 2001;8:80-87. 
[6] Meuret AE, Ritz T, Wilhelm FH, Roth WT. Voluntary hyperventilation in the treatment 
of panic disorder - functions of hyperventilation, their implications for breathing training, 
and recommendations for standardization. Clin Psychol Rev 2005;25:285-306. 
[7] Badour CL, Feldner MT, Blumenthal H., Bujarski SJ, Leen-Feldner EW, Babson KE. 
Specificity of peritraumatic fear in predicting anxious reactivity to a biological challenge 
among traumatic event-exposed adolescents. Cognitive Ther Res 2012;36:397-406. 
[8] Grassi M, Caldirola D, Vanni G, Guerriero G, Piccinni M, Valchera A, Perna G. 
Baseline respiratory parameters in panic disorder: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disorders 
2013;146:158-173. 
[9] Rosenfield D, Seidel A, Bhaskara L, Hofmann SG. New breathing therapy reduces panic 
and anxiety by reversing hyperventilation. J Med Sci 2011;11:327-328. 
[10] Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and 
hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied 
Psychophysiological Biofeedback 2011;36:81-91. 
[11] Meuret AE, Rosenfield D, Seidel A, Bhaskara L, Hofmann SG. Respiratory and 
cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: evidence for intervention 
specificity. J Consult Clin Psych 2010;78:691-704. 
[12] Pittig A, Arch JJ, Lam CW, Craske MG. Heart rate and heart rate variability in panic, 
social anxiety, obsessive – compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders at baseline and 
in response to relaxation and hyperventilation. Int J Psychophysiol 2013;87:19-27. 
[13] Niendorf T, Winter L, Frauenrath T. Electrocardiogram in an MRI environment: clinical 
needs, practical considerations, safety implications, technical solutions and future 
directions. In: Millis RM, editor. Advances in electrocardiograms - methods and 
analysis. Rijeka: InTech; 2012. p. 309-324. 
[14] Superluminescent LED source with integrated optical circulator DL-BP1-1501A. 
DenseLight Semiconductors Technical Information; 2010. [Online]. Available: 
http://www.denselight.com/. 

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[15] I-MON USB interrogation monitors for FBG sensor systems. Ibsen Photonics Technical 
Information; 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.ibsen.com/. 
[16] Optical sensing interrogator sm130. Micron Optics Technical Information; 2010. 
[Online]. Available: http://www.micronoptics.com/. 
[17] Philips Magnetic Resonance Achieva 1.5 T A series. Philips Healthcare Technical 
Information; 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.healthcare.philips.com/. 
[18] Caring design. Insightful technology. Discovery MR750w 3.0T. GE Healthcare 
Technical Information, 2011. [Online]. Available: http:// http://www3.gehealthcare.com/. 
[19] Wrześniewski K, Sosnowski T, Jaworowska A, Fecenec D. STAI. State and Trait 
Anxiety Inventory, 4th edition. Warszawa: Psychological Tests Laboratory, Polish 
Psychological Association; 2011. 
[20] Dziuda Ł, Skibniewski FW, Krej M, Baran PM. Fiber Bragg grating-based sensor for 
monitoring respiration and heart activity during MRI examinations. J Biomed Opt 
2013;15:057006. 
[21] Dziuda Ł, Krej M, Skibniewski FW. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor incorporated to 
monitor patient vital signs during MRI. IEEE Sens J 2013;13:4986-4991. 
[22] Jung T, Wickrama KAS. An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth 
mixture modelling. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2008;2:302-317. 
[23] R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for 
Statistical Computing; 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.R-project.org/. 
[24] Proust-Lima C, Philipps V, Diakite A, Liquet B. lcmm: Extended mixed models using 
latent classes and catent processes. R package version: 1.7.7; 2017. [Online]. Available: 
http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lcmm. 
[25] Champely S. pwr: Basic Functions for Power Analysis. R package version 1.2-1; 2017. 
[Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pwr. 
[26] H. Wickham. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag; 
2009. 
 

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Budget 
The project is supported by the resources of NCRD, Poland, within the framework of the 
Applied Research Programme. 
 
 
Other support for the Project 
No other funds. 
 
 
Collaboration with other scientists or research institutions 
Medical University of Warsaw 
1. Maciej Śmietanowski, M.D., Ph.D. (physiologist) 
 
 
Links to other projects 
ID 
Project No. 
Title 
Source of 
funding 
Duration 
Publications 
1. 
UDA-
POIG.01.03.01-14-
136/08 
Development of methods for 
monitoring 
psychophysiological activity 
with automatic hazard 
detection 
European 
Regional 
Developm
ent Fund 
2009–2011 
1. DOI: 
10.1109/TBME.20
12.2194145 
2. DOI: 
10.1016/j.bbe.201
4.02.001 
3. DOI: 
10.1117/1.JBO.20.
1.010901 
2. 
DOBR/0052/R/ID1/
2012/03 
Development of the ORTHO-
LBNP system for research and 
training of Polish Air Force 
pilots under conditions of 
ischemic hypoxia and 
orthostatic stress 
NCRD 
2012-2015 
(extended 
until 2018) 
1. DOI: 
10.1117/1.JBO.18.
5.057006 
2. DOI: 
10.1109/JSEN.201
3.2279160 
3. DOI: 
10.1109/JBHI.201
5.2392796 
 
 
Curriculum Vitae of investigators 
PI’s Curriculum Vitae 
Personal information 
Forename and family name: Łukasz Dziuda 
Date of birth: 
November 21, 1976 
Nationality: 
Polish 
ORCID: 
0000-0003-1816-4604 
URL for web site:  
http://www.wiml.waw.pl/?q=pl/Lukasz_Dziuda 
 
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lukasz_Dziuda 
 
Education 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Part II 
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2014 
D.Sc.: Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering (IBBE) 
of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Poland 
2007 
Ph.D.: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of 
Strathclyde, UK 
 
 
Supervisor: Professor Sir Jim McDonald, BSc, MSc, PhD, DSc, CEng 
2000 
M.Ss.: Department of Electrical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 
Poland 
 
Current position 
2017– 
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Flight Simulator Innovations, 
Military Institute of Aviation Medicine (MIAM), Poland 
 
Previous positions 
2015–2016 Associate Professor, Head of the Creative Neuro Science Laboratory (CNS 
Lab), IBBE PAS, Poland 
2013–2014 Research Fellow, Head of the LBNP Laboratory, Technical Department of 
Aeromedical Research and Flight Simulators, MIAM, Poland 
2008–2013 Research Fellow, Leader of the Medical Electronics Group, Department of 
Aviation Bioengineering, MIAM, Poland 
2005–2007 Research Assistant, Leader of the Medical Electronics Group, Department of 
Aviation Bioengineering, MIAM, Poland 
2004 – 2005 Temporary Assistant, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, 
University of Strathclyde, UK 
 
Fellowships 
2000–2004 Academic Visitor, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, 
University of Strathclyde, UK 
 
Institutional responsibilities 
2014– 
Representative of MIAM, Polish Technological Platform on Photonics, Poland 
 
Commissions of trust 
2017– 
Scientific Council, Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Poland 
(Deputy Chairman) 
2014– 
Scientific Council, MIAM, Poland (Deputy Chairman since 2016) 
2014– 
Ethic Committee, MIAM, Poland 
2012– 
Reviewer of Project Applications, National Centre for Research and 
Development, Poland 
 
Web of Science 
h-index 
11 
Publications: 27 
Citations: 
172 (without self-citations) 
 
Other 
Patents: 
3 
Scholarship of the Foundation for Polish Science 
PRINCE2® Foundation certificate 
 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Part II 
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Other investigators 
Military Institute of Aviation Medicine 
1. Mariusz Krej, M.Sc. (programmer, project coordinator) 
2. Paulina Baran, Ph.D. (psychologist, study coordinator) 
3. Ryszard Pacho, Prof., M.D., D.Sc., Ph.D. (radiologist) 
4. Paweł Rydzyński (MRI technician) 
5. Dorota Okurowska (MRI technician) 
6. Piotr Zieliński, Ph.D. (psychologist, statistical analyst) 
7. Franciszek W. Skibniewski, Ph.D. (consultant in the field of medical monitoring) 
 
 
Research activities of the PI 
ID 
Project No. 
Title 
Source of 
funding 
Duration 
Involvement 
1. 
DOBR/0052/R/ID1/2012/03 
Development of the ORTHO-
LBNP system for research and 
training of Polish Air Force 
pilots under conditions of 
ischemic hypoxia and 
orthostatic stress 
NCRD 
2012–2018 
60% 
2. 
PBS3/B9/41/2015 
Optoelectronic patient 
monitoring in magnetic 
resonance 
NCRD 
2015–2018 
20% 
3. 
PBS3/B9/29/2015 
Detector of early fatigue 
symptoms as an element of 
improved driving safety 
NCRD 
2015–2018 
10% 
4. 
PBS3/B9/37/2015 
System of evacuation and 
rescue of victims in natural 
disasters 
NCRD 
2015–2017 
10% 
 
 
Financing and Insurance 
All diagnostic surveys and clinical trials performed at MIAM are insured. 

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Appendix A 
(Copy of ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certificate) 
 
 
 
 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Appendix B 
OPTO-MRI 
17 
Appendix B 
(Copies of ISO 9001:2008 and AQAP 2120:2009 certificates) 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Appendix B 
OPTO-MRI 
18 
Appendix C 
(Informed consent form in English) 
 
 
 
INFORMED  CONSENT  FORM 
 
Forename and family name, age:  …………………………………………………………… 
 
Address:  ……………………………………………………………………………………… 
 
Protocol title:  Clinical evaluation of a fibre-optic sensor system for monitoring respiration 
activity and heart work during MRI examinations. 
 
I hereby declare that I have been informed on the purpose of the intended research and the 
manner in which it is carried out. I understand what it is supposed to be and what my consent 
is for. I have been informed that I may refuse to participate in the study or withdraw the 
consent at any time, also during the study. 
 
I express my informed consent to participate in the study, which is described on the back of 
this form. 
 
I gave this consent in the presence of the witness. 
 
 
Place and date:  ........................................... 
 
 
 
........................................... 
Subject’s signature 
............................................... 
PI’s signature 
 
 
 

Dziuda et al. 
Research Protocol:  Appendix B 
OPTO-MRI 
19 
 
 
INFORMATION  ON  THE  STUDY 
Protocol title:  Clinical evaluation of a fibre-optic sensor system for monitoring respiration 
activity and heart work during MRI examinations. 
 
Purpose of the study:  Determining the possibility of assessing the level of anxiety and stress 
in MRI patients using physiological data acquired by the fibre-optic sensor system. 
 
Study design: 
1. Before MRI:  to complete the X-1 and X-2 forms of the STAI questionnaire. 
2. During MRI:  to place the sensor mat of the fibre-optic sensor system between the back of 
the patient (in the heart area) and the mattress of the track table of the MRI scanner. 
3. After MRI:  to complete the X-1 form of the STAI questionnaire. 
 
Information: 
The sensor mat placed in the MRI scanner tube does not affect the examination or its 
outcome in any way. The sensor mat does not pose a threat to the health and life of the 
patient, and also does not affect his/her well-being or comfort during the MRI examination. 
 
 
Place and date:  ........................................... 
 
 
 
 
........................................... 
 
Subject’s signature