Empowering Latinas to Obtain Breast Cancer Screenings
Phase: NA
Conditions: Breastcancer, Breast Diseases
Sponsor: University of Illinois at Chicago

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Empowering Latinas to Obtain Breast Cancer Screenings 
 
 
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Project Title: 
Empowering Latinas to Obtain Breast Cancer Screenings  
 
Principal Investigator: 
Yamile Molina 
Assistant Professor 
University of Illinois at Chicago 
Community Health Sciences, SPH, Division of 
649 SPHPI, MC 923 
Phone  312-355-2679 
 
Fax  312-996-3551 
Email:  ymolin2@uic.edu 
Sponsor: University of Illinois at Chicago (Departmental Fund 200250; National Cancer 
Institute Funding Pending- K01CA193918-01A1)  
 
Version:  22 
Date:   February 3, 2020 
 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 
1.0    Project Summary/Abstract .................................................................................................. 3 
2.0  Background/Scientific Rationale ......................................................................................... 4 
3.0 Objectives/Aims............................................................................................................... 4,5 
4.0 Eligibility .......................................................................................................................... 5,6 
4.1 Inclusion criteria ........................................................................................................... 5 
4.3 Inclusion of Vulnerable Populations ........................................................................... 5,6 
5.0 Subject Enrollment ............................................................................................................. 6 
5.1 Recruitment .................................................................................................................. 6 
6.0 Study Design and Procedures ............................................................................................ 6,9 
 
6.1 Study Design ................................................................................................................ 6 
 
6.2 Procedures ................................................................................................................ 6,9       
 
6.3 Overall Procedures and Protocol .……..………………………..………………….….. 9,10                         
7.1 Risks…….. .......................................................................................................................... 10 
7.2 Benefits ...................................................................................................................... 10 
8.0 Data Collection and Management Procedures ................................................................. 10 
8.1 Collected forms .......................................................................................................... 10 
9.0 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................... 11 
10.0 Quality Control and Quality Assurance ............................................................................. 11 
11.0 Data and Safety Monitoring ......................................................................................... 11,12 
12.1 Statistical Considerations ................................................................................................. 12 
13.0 Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................................ 12,13 
 
13.1    Informed Consent .................................................................................................. 12 
13.2 
Subject Confidentiality .......................................................................................... 13 
13.3 
Unanticipated Problems ........................................................................................ 13 
14.0 References ................................................................................................................... 14,17 
 
 
 
 
 

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1.0 
Project Summary/Abstract 
Latinas suffer disproportionately from breast cancer relative to non-Latina Whites (NLWs), 
including late stage detection. While there have been controversies in breast cancer screening, 
non-adherence to guideline-concordant screening continues to be a modifiable determinant of 
breast cancer outcome disparities. Thus, increasing participation in breast cancer screening 
among Latinas, especially care that corresponds with clinical and academic guidelines, is a 
public health priority.  
 
Participatory approaches are popular methods to improve screening within this group and have 
included approaches that deliver education to non-adherent Latinas and train motivated 
community members’ interventions (community health workers, breast cancer survivors) to 
engage in breast health promotion. The latter approach, empowerment interventions, concern 
training participants to engage in social outreach (e.g., having conversations with family and 
friends about breast health) and volunteering (e.g., helping in health fairs, engaging in civic 
campaigns about breast cancer programs). Patient activation and volunteerism literature 
suggest that empowerment interventions may have ‘added value’ over delivering education in 
terms of preventive health psychosocial factors and practices. Relative to education 
interventions, empowerment interventions may also affect women’s networks, as they may be 
more likely to lead to disseminate evidence-based breast health promotion among their family 
and friends. To date, little research has compared interventions’ effects on individual-level 
outcomes or used formal social network analysis to examine network effects.  
 
The proposed work adds to the literature through conducting a trial to compare the two 
approaches (education versus empowerment) on three sets of outcomes: 1) women’s own 
screening, 2) women’s own self-efficacy, norms, support, knowledge; and 3) women’s networks 
(measured by egocentric analysis). We will recruit 150 Latina women to participate in the 
Intervention. 75 women will be recruited from The Resurrection Project and 75 women will be 
recruited from Centro Comunitario Juan Diego.   
 
We will be conducting educational classes at the two participating sites.  We will also administer 
several surveys at different sessions.  The variations in the implementation of Phase 3 will be 
the Workshops at each site. Each site will conduct a Breast Cancer Education session. 
However, TRP will conduct Communication and Volunteerism workshops, whereas Juan Diego 
will conduct Diet and Physical Activity workshops.  The Intervention is broken down into 3 
sessions at each site across 3 consecutive weeks.  Each session will be held with 5-8 recruited 
participants. We will hold 5 – 9 sessions at each participating site for three consecutive weeks. 
 
Ancillary studies and analytic studies include: 1) qualitative data collection with participants’ 
family and friends (Phase 4); 2) cost data collection and cost-effectiveness analysis (Phase 5); 
and, 3) community volunteerism data abstraction (e.g., preferences regarding events; number of 
contacts; barriers, if any, during contact; decisions/solutions made, if any during contact; interest 
in event participation; type of event; and attendance at event) and secondary analysis of Phase 
3 volunteerism data (Phase 6). During Phase 7, 20 former intervention participants will 
participate in focus groups to provide their perspectives on their experiences and suggestions 
for future interventions. 

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2.0  
Background/Scientific Rationale  
Multiple community-based participatory research (CPBR) interventions exist that have sought to 
improve breast cancer screening among Latinas. For example, there have been >10 CBPR 
education breast cancer screening interventions for Latinas using community health workers 
(CHW).9  Participants were breast health promotion recipients. As well, there are few CBPR 
empowerment interventions strove to build community infrastructure to improve screening 
among Latinas.25-28 Participants were trained to become breast health promotion agents in 
social outreach (e.g., how to discuss breast health information) and volunteerism (e.g., how to 
participate in health fairs and policy).  
 
Of which we are aware, no study has compared the relative efficacy of these interventions. First, 
with regard to screening uptake, empowerment interventions may result in greater screening 
than education interventions, given documented benefits of patient activation and volunteerism 
in other disease models.16-20,35 Second, activating Latinas to become breast health promotion 
agents may lead to interest and skills for monitoring evidence, resulting in lay individual 
knowledge that is longitudinally concordant with academic and clinician recommendations. 
Promoting social outreach and volunteerism may also lead to greater exposure to informed 
peers, resulting in more sustained perceived social norms, support, and self-efficacy associated 
with guideline-concordant screening. Third, empowerment interventions are effective in reaching 
participants’ networks and broader communities and may be more effective in reaching 
networks than education interventions due to intervention materials specific to teaching women 
how to engage in social outreach. 
 
Toward the goal of addressing these gaps in the literature, we will conduct a trial that compares 
education and empowerment interventions on these outcomes.  
 
3.0 
Objectives/Aims 
The primary goal of this proposed work is to develop materials and conduct a trial that would 
examine the relative efficacy of education and empowerment interventions to improve breast 
cancer screening among Chicago-based Latinas. With regard to our objectives, we proposed to: 
 
Aim 1: Develop and compare the efficacy of a breast health empowerment intervention on 
guideline-concordant screening compared to an education intervention, using an area-level 
treatment control group design with a community-based sample of 150 Latinas. The 
empowerment arm will include breast health and empowerment information (e.g., how to begin 
conversations, where to volunteer). The education arm will include only breast health 
information. Content draws from my team’s existing materials. Hypothesis: Empowerment 
participants will have increased screening compared to education participants.  
 
Aim 2: Compare interventions’ effects on psychosocial facilitators of screening across six 
months. Hypothesis: Empowerment participants will have sustained increases in self-reported 
self-efficacy, norms, support, and knowledge about breast cancer screening compared to 
education participants. 
 
Aim 3: Compare interventions’ network effects through egocentric network analysis. Hypothesis: 
Empowerment participants will have greater social connectedness related to breast health and 
network size and will have referred a greater number of peers to participate in the study 
compared to education participants. 

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Aim 4: Characterize intervention effects on family and friends of intervention participants.  
 
Aim 5: a) Determine the incremental costs for each additional woman screened for the 
empowerment approach relative to the education approach, combining new cost data with 
existing effect measures in our trial. Hypothesis: The empowerment intervention will have low 
incremental costs for each additional woman screened, especially when including indirect effects. 
b) Use those data and published literature to compare approaches in terms of achieving HP2020 
goals and costs for additional life-years gained across 10 years, using existing simulation 
platforms. Hypothesis: The empowerment intervention will be more cost-effective than the 
education intervention in terms of life years gained. 
 
Aim 6: a) quantify the relative effects of education and empowerment interventions on intention to 
volunteer, volunteerism behaviors, intention to participate in civic engagement, and civic 
engagement behaviors; and, b) characterize the feasibility of a community-based civic 
engagement and community development navigation program for Latinas. 
 
Aim 7: Characterize the perspectives and experiences of intervention participants, based on 
focus groups (n=20). 
 
Toward that goal, we will first run semi-structured focus groups with 20 Latinas who  will not be 
eligible for the future trial and 10-15 CHW/CHV/promotoras who would be eligible to deliver the 
intervention  in order to: 1) identify relevant topics to incorporate into interventions; and 2) 
examine circumstances that may facilitate implementation. No contact information on women 
who have participated in any previous focus groups or will we re-contact any woman who has 
already participated in a focus group for future trial.  We will only invite new recruits for each 
focus group that is held. This phase of the project will be called Phase 1. 
 
We will then create materials based on this feedback and consultation from the UIC CCTS 
Community Engagement Advisory Board.  
 
Next, we will run semi-structured focus groups with a second set of 20 Latinas who would be 
eligible for the future trial and 10-15 CHW/CHV/promotoras who would be eligible to deliver the 
intervention in order to 1) verify the appropriateness and logic of the updated material; and 2) 
identify alternative content areas and approaches. This phase of the project will be called Phase 
2. 
 
To date, we have worked on the first part of Aim 1 through Phases 1 and 2. Specifically, with 
regard to development, we ran semi-structured focus groups with 20 Latinas who  will not be 
eligible for the Phase 3 (i.e., Intervention Implementation) and 10-15 CHW/CHV/promotoras who 
would be eligible to deliver the Phase 3 Intervention  in order to: 1) identify relevant topics to 
incorporate into interventions; and 2) examine circumstances that may facilitate implementation. 
This phase of the project will be called Phase 1. We created materials based on this feedback 
and consultation from the UIC CCTS Community Engagement Advisory Board. Finally, we ran 
semi-structured focus groups with a second set of 20 Latinas who would be eligible for the future 
trial and 10-15 CHW/CHV/promotoras who would be eligible to deliver the intervention in order to 
1) verify the appropriateness and logic of the updated material; and 2) identify alternative content 
areas and approaches. This phase of the project was called Phase 2. We completed the semi-

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structured Phase 1 and Phase 2 focus groups.  Data from these activities was used to develop 
Phase 3 Invention materials. 
 
We will now work on implementing the intervention and assessing changes across interventions 
with regard to Aims 1-3 outcomes (screening, psychosocial facilitators, network effects). We 
plan on recruiting 150 Latina women to participate in the Intervention. 75 women will be 
recruited at The Resurrection Project and 75 women will be recruited from Centro Comunitario 
Juan Diego. No contact information on women who have participated in any previous focus 
groups or will we re-contact any woman who has already participated in a focus group for future 
trial.  We will only invite new recruits for the intervention. We will be conducting educational 
classes and workshops at the two participating sites.  The Intervention is broken down into 3 
sessions at each site across 3 consecutive weeks.  Each session will be held with 5-8 recruited 
participants. We will hold 5 – 9 sessions at each participating site for three consecutive weeks 
until we reach our target population of 150 Latina women. The variations in the implementation 
of Phase 3 Intervention will be the Workshops at each site. Besides each site conducting a 
Breast Cancer Education session at Session 1, TRP will conduct Communication and 
Volunteerism workshops at Session 1 and 2. Juan Diego will conduct Diet and Physical Activity 
workshops at Session 1 and 2. Our outcomes will be measured by Surveys assessed during 
Session 1, Session 3, and six months post-participation in workshops for 20-30 minutes. At the 
end of Phase 3, participants who have agreed to be contacted again will be contacted by study 
staff by phone and given the opportunity to learn about preliminary analyses. Participants will be 
offered information regarding preliminary analyses of the study. They will have the opportunity 
to decline learning about study results without any negative impact/costs to their relationships 
with the study sites or UIC. Script for these calls was submitted as part of Amendment #24. 
 
For Aim 4, we will conduct 20 interviews with family and friends of intervention participants (10 
affiliated with empowerment participants, 10 affiliated with education participants). Phase 4 
participants will be 18 years or older, have not participated in the study, and identify as 
family/friends of intervention participants. These individuals will be recruited by Phase 
3/intervention participants. Phase 3 participants will learn about the opportunity to recruit 
individuals for Phase 4 when they learn about the opportunity for peer referral in workshops. 
Phase 3 participants who have completed the intervention sessions will learn about the 
opportunity during booster calls. Each interview will take place where the participant prefers, will 
be in the language the participant prefers (English/Spanish), will be audio-recorded, and will 
take approximately 1-hour. 
 
For Aim 5, cost data will be collected from community-based organization (personnel and non-
personnel costs), participant (costs for intervention participation, knowledge transfer, receipt of 
screening), and healthcare system perspectives (direct medical costs). This information will be 
collected from surveys as well as from different observational records (participant encounter 
logs, behavioral logs). The incremental costs will then be combined with the trial’s effects 
measurement, which include direct (additional # of participants screened) and indirect effects 
(additional # of participants’ family and friends screened). We will conduct one-way sensitivity 
analyses to identify cost and effect drivers. To note, Aim 5 will not involve any new participants 
– only Phase 3 participants who complete informed consents with information about Aim 5 (up 
to 80-82 participants). All of these data will also inform a subsequent simulation model, which 
will include inputs from published literature as well as data collected through data described 
above. 
 

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For Aim 6, secondary analyses will be conducted of Phase 3 data and community data for 
Phase 3 participants who agree to the release of their data from partners’ existing community 
volunteerism databases (e.g., if they were called by community partners, if they agreed to 
participate, if they attended). 
 
For Aim 7, we will run semi-structured focus groups with 20 Latinas who participated in our 
intervention  in order to understand their experiences and recommendations for future 
interventions.  We will only invite women who have previously participated and have provided 
permission for re-contact.  
 
There will be a total of 300 participants enrolled in our study, including Phase 1 and 2 
participants (40 Latinas, 15-30 community health workers), Phase 3 and 5 participants (240 
Latinas who enroll, of which 150 estimated to complete entire study), and Phase 4 participants 
(20 family/friends). 
 
 4.0 
Eligibility 
 
4.1a Inclusion criteria for target participants: 
 
 
Age 52-75 years old; 
 
Identification as Latina/Hispanic/Chicana female;  
 
Residence in Pilsen, Little Village, East Side or South Chicago; 
 
No history of health volunteerism;  
 
No history of breast cancer; and 
 
Lack of a mammogram within the last two years  
 
4.1b Inclusion criteria for target interventionists: 
 
 
Age 52-75 years old; 
 
Identification as Latina/Hispanic/Chicana female;  
 
Residence in Pilsen, Little Village, East Side or South Chicago; 
 
A history of health volunteerism; 
 
4.1c Inclusion criteria for Phase 4 participants:  
 
Age 18 years or older; 
 
No history of participating in Phase 3; and, 
 
Identification as family/friend of a Phase 3 participant 
 
4.2 Exclusion criteria: 
 
 
Not meeting all inclusion criteria; 
 
Participation in Phase 1 or 2 
 
4.3 Inclusion of Vulnerable Populations 
 
The inclusion of Latinas in this research is justified as this research is designed to test two 
interventions (empowerment, education) with the potential to directly benefit members of this 
population. 

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5.0 
Subject Enrollment 
There will be a total of 300 participants enrolled in our study, including Phase 1 and 2 
participants (40 Latinas, 15-30 community health workers), Phase 3 and 5 participants (240 
Latinas who enroll, of which 150 estimated to complete entire study), and Phase 4 participants 
(20 family/friends). 
 
5.1 Recruitment 
For Phase 3, we will recruit approximately 150 Latina women (75 at TRP and 75 at Juan Diego): 
 
Flyers will be posted at Centro Comunitario Juan Diego, The Resurrection Project and 
other community venues within target areas (Pilsen, Little Village, East Side and South 
Chicago,) and be distributed by electronic listservs in English and Spanish.  
 
Participants may also recruit their peers through sharing flyers/coupons and/or providing 
Dr. Molina’s contact information for screening. Participants will have the opportunity to 
take recruitment coupons throughout the three intervention sessions. They will be told 
that they can recruit other women until the third survey/they complete participation in the 
project. If they choose to take coupons, study staff will record which numbers belong to 
which participant via their participant id. The number of coupons given to each 
participant will depend on the participant’s interest in distribution and how many they 
want. The study staff will record the total number each person obtains as well as the 
respective codes. When recruiting others, seed participants will provide individuals with 
coupons that have unique tracking codes. How many coupons are distributed and to 
whom will depend on the seed participants’ interests and actions after they take the 
coupons from study staff. When interested individuals call, they will provide the unique 
tracking code on their coupon. After the call, the staff member will update the file that 
includes identifiable elements by inputting the coupon code. That said, no other 
information from the event will be kept in the database, including whether the individual 
agreed to be screened or ultimately participated.  
 
They will be compensated $15 for each peer who contacts the study team, regardless of 
whether the peer is eligible and the extent to which they choose to undergo screening, 
consent, or participating in the intervention. 
 
Interested participants will call the PI, Dr. Yamile Molina, or UIC staff [Appendix P], who 
will enter the name, address and phone number in a Call Log; screen women for 
eligibility; and obtain scheduling information. 
 
For peer-referrals, women will be probed for perceived coercion, will be told that the 
study is voluntary, will be told that peers will receive compensation regardless of whether 
they choose to participate or not, and that the peer will not know about the extent to 
which women choose to participate (e.g., in screening or in intervention sessions).   
 
Women who call to inquire about the study will listed in a Call Log.  We will utilize the call 
log to invite the women to participate in the interventions. Dr. Molina and UIC Staff 
(Appendix P) are bilingual to handle any calls from only Spanish and only English 
speaking subjects. 
 
Participants have the right to be removed from the research study at any point. This is a 
development study and therefore, no further information will be collected on the subject. 
The PI will be notify the participant that any information collected will remain confidential 
and any further contact by the research staff will cease. 
 
For Phase 4, we will recruit approximately 20 individuals (10 related to empowerment and 10 
related to education): 

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 
Phase 3 participants will be told about the opportunity to recruit their family and friends 
through sharing flyers/coupons and/or providing Dr. Molina’s contact information for 
screening. Participants will have the opportunity to take recruitment flyers throughout the 
three intervention sessions. The number of flyers given to each participant will depend 
on the participant’s interest in distribution and how many they want. The study staff will 
record the total number each person obtains as well as the respective codes. When 
recruiting family and friends, seed participants will provide individuals with flyers. How 
many flyers are distributed and to whom will depend on the seed participants’ interests 
and actions after they take the flyers from study staff. When interested individuals call, 
they will be told not to provide information from the seed participants. Given this, there 
will be no record of which Phase 3 participant referred whom nor of which potential 
Phase 4 participants called, screened, and participated.  
 
Interested participants will call the PI, Dr. Yamile Molina, or UIC staff [Appendix P], who 
will enter the name, address and phone number in a Call Log; screen individuals for 
eligibility; and obtain scheduling information. 
 
Individuals will be probed for perceived coercion, will be told that the study is voluntary 
and that the peer will not know about the extent to which individuals choose to 
participate (e.g., in screening or in interviews).   
 
Individuals who call to inquire about the study will listed in a Call Log.  We will utilize the 
call log to invite the women to participate in the interventions. Dr. Molina and UIC Staff 
(Appendix P) are bilingual to handle any calls from only Spanish and only English 
speaking subjects. 
 
Participants have the right to be removed from the research study at any point. This is a 
development study and therefore, no further information will be collected on the subject. 
The PI will be notify the participant that any information collected will remain confidential 
and any further contact by the research staff will cease. 
 
For Phase 5, we will use effects data collected in Phase 3 as well as will collect cost data. 
Cost data will be reported in aggregate and by study staff, mostly (Organizational Surveys, 
Behavioral Logs). For individual-level data (Participant Encounter Logs, modified T2 and T3 
surveys), we will only collect data on Phase 3 participants who complete informed consents 
describing Phase 5 procedures (up to 80-82 participants). The simulation model will not 
include any participants, but aggregate data from cost data gathered in Phase 5 and effects 
data gathered in Phase 3. 
 
For Phase 6, we will use survey data collected in Phase 3 as well as will abstract data from 
community partners for Phase 3 participants who agree to release their data concerning 
volunteerism (e.g., preferences regarding events; number of contacts; barriers, if any, during 
contact; decisions/solutions made, if any during contact; interest in event participation; type 
of event; and attendance at event) to the UIC-based study team. Phase 3 participants will 
not be asked for additional data – Phase 6 will only include survey data (Phase 6a) and 
community study records for Phase 3 participants who agree to have their data released to 
UIC (Phase 6b). We are requesting a waiver of documentation and alteration for Phase 6. 
This requested waiver will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects and is the 
only way for study staff to obtain objective data regarding subjects’ participation in 
community volunteerism. Community partners will upload data in encrypted, password-
protected files to a Box Health Data Folder (BHDF). Subsequently those data will be 
transferred to the UIC/SPH  R drive (R =Research) and the assigned folder will be locked 
down the folder and restricted access only for the PI and UIC study staff.  The School of 

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Public health's secure network server will have Active Directory controlled access and 
BitLocker encryption. 
 
For Phase 7, we will re-contact Phase 3 participants who provided permission for study staff    
(Appendix P) to recontact them.  Study staff (Appendix P) who were involved in Phase 3 and 
are familiar with Phase 3 participants will lead phone calls. We will attempt up to 3 contacts 
per individual. Study staff listed in Appendix P will use Phase 7 Telephone Recruitment 
scripts during phone calls. Phase 7 Call Log will be used to track contact attempts and the 
result after a successful contact (e.g., interested; scheduling availability).  All data will be 
stored in the UIC/SPH R drive (R =Research) and the assigned folder will be locked down 
the folder and restricted access only for the PI and study staff (Appendix P).  The School of 
Public health's secure network server will have Active Directory controlled access and 
BitLocker encryption. The PI and study team are bilingual to handle any calls from only 
Spanish and only English speaking subjects. Participants have the right to be removed from 
the research study at any point. The study team will be notify the participant that any 
information collected will remain confidential and any further contact by the research staff 
will cease. 
 
6.0 
Study Design and Procedures 
 
6.1 Study Design 
6.1 Recruitment – Phase 1 and Phase 2 
We will recruit approximately 60-70 Latina women (40 target population; 20-30 target 
interventionists): 
• 
Flyers will be posted at Centro Comunitario Juan Diego, The Resurrection Project and 
other community venues within target areas (Pilsen, Little Village,  East Side and South 
Chicago,) and be distributed by electronic listservs in English and Spanish.  
• 
Participants may also recruit their peers through sharing flyers/coupons and/or providing 
Dr. Molina’s contact information for screening. They will be compensated $15 for each peer who 
contacts the study team, regardless of whether the peer is eligible and the extent to which they 
choose to undergo screening, consent, or engaging in focus groups. 
• 
Interested participants will call the PI, Dr. Yamile Molina, or UIC students [TBA], who will 
enter the name, address and phone number in a Call Log; screen women for eligibility; and 
obtain scheduling information. 
• 
For peer-referrals, women will be probed for perceived coercion, will be told that the 
study is voluntary, will be told that peers will receive compensation regardless of whether they 
choose to participate or not, and that the peer will not know about the extent to which women 
choose to participate (e.g., in screening or in focus groups).   
• 
Women who call to inquire about the study will listed in a Call Log.  We will utilize the call 
log to invite the women to participate in the study focus groups. Dr. Molina is bilingual to handle 
any calls from only Spanish and only English speaking subjects. 
• 
Participants have the right to be removed from the research study at any point. This is a 
development study and therefore, no further information will be collected on the subject. The PI 
will be notify the participant that any information collected will remain confidential and any 
further contact by the research staff will cease. 
 
Recruitment – Phase 3 
  We will use convenience-based sampling to recruit 150 Latinas: 75 from The Resurrection 
Project (TRP) and 75 from Centro Comunitario Juan Diego.  We will also recruit 1-2 Latina 

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community health workers/volunteers/promotoras from each participating site as well as 1 UIC 
student/staff that will be present at each session. Participants will also have the opportunity to 
take recruitment coupons throughout the three intervention sessions. They will be told that they 
can recruit other women until the third survey/they complete participation in the project. If they 
choose to take coupons, study staff will record which numbers belong to which participant via 
their participant id. The number of coupons given to each participant will depend on the 
participant’s interest in distribution and how many they want. The study staff will record the total 
number each person obtains as well as the respective codes. When recruiting others, seed 
participants will provide individuals with coupons that have unique tracking codes. How many 
coupons are distributed and to whom will depend on the seed participants’ interests and actions 
after they take the coupons from study staff. When interested individuals call, they will provide 
the unique tracking code on their coupon. After the call, the staff member will update the file that 
includes identifiable elements by inputting the coupon code. That said, no other information from 
the event will be kept in the database, including whether the individual agreed to be screened or 
ultimately participated.  
 
Recruitment – Phase 4 
   We will ask Phase 3 participants to recruit their family/friends to participate in Phase 4. 
Participants will be told about this opportunity. If they are interested, study staff will record the 
number of flyers each person takes. The number of coupons given to each participant will 
depend on the participant’s interest in distribution and how many they want. When recruiting 
individuals, seed participant will provide individuals with flyers or the contact information for Dr. 
Molina to undergo screening. How many flyers are distributed/how often women attempt to 
recruit and to whom will depend on the seed participants’ interests and actions after they take 
flyers from study staff/interact with study staff. When interested individuals call, they will be told 
not to provide information from the seed participants. Given this, there will be no record of which 
Phase 3 participant referred whom nor of which potential Phase 4 participants called, screened, 
and participated. 
 
Recruitment – Phase 5 
    Recruitment for Phase 5 uses the Phase 3 participant population. The simulation model will 
not include any participants, but aggregate data from cost data gathered in Phase 5 and effects 
data gathered in Phase 3. 
 
Recruitment – Phase 6 
    Recruitment for Phase 6 uses the Phase 3 participant population. We are requesting a waiver 
of documentation and alteration for Phase 6. This requested waiver will not adversely affect the 
rights and welfare of subjects and is the only way for study staff to obtain objective data 
regarding subjects’ participation in community volunteerism. 
 
Recruitment – Phase 7 
For Phase 7, we will re-contact Phase 3 participants who provided permission for study staff    
(Appendix P) to recontact them.  Study staff (Appendix P) who were involved in Phase 3 and 
are familiar with Phase 3 participants will lead phone calls. We will attempt up to 3 contacts 
per individual. Study staff listed in Appendix P will use Phase 7 Telephone Recruitment 
scripts during phone calls. Phase 7 Call Log will be used to track contact attempts and the 
result after a successful contact (e.g., interested; scheduling availability).  All data will be 
stored in the UIC/SPH R drive (R =Research) and the assigned folder will be locked down 
the folder and restricted access only for the PI and study staff (Appendix P).  The School of 

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Public health's secure network server will have Active Directory controlled access and 
BitLocker encryption. The PI and study team are bilingual to handle any calls from only 
Spanish and only English speaking subjects. Participants have the right to be removed from 
the research study at any point. The study team will be notify the participant that any 
information collected will remain confidential and any further contact by the research staff 
will cease. 
 
6.2 Procedures 
 
Phase 1 and Phase 2 
We will use convenience-based sampling to recruit 40 Latinas and 15-30 Latina community 
health workers/volunteers/promotoras to participate in semi-structured focus groups that will 
help us to identify factors needed for intervention material and examine circumstances that may 
facilitate implementation. 
 
Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project will distribute physical flyers 
throughout community areas and send electronic flyers through listservs to recruit women. 
Peers will also distribute flyers and coupons. Neither the peers, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego 
nor The Resurrection Project will be involved in any recruitment or consenting activities or know 
which women contact staff, which women are screened, and which women ultimately consent 
and participate in focus groups.  Study staff will have no contact information concerning the 
women who are reached by the peers, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection 
Project, unless women contact study staff directly. Peers, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and 
The Resurrection Project will not give any contact information to Dr. Molina and her team. 
Interested women will contact Dr. Molina and UIC assistants [Appendix P] who will record 
women’s contact information, screen them for eligibility, and obtain scheduling information for 
focus groups. Once we have at least 6 women, Dr. Molina, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and 
The Resurrection Project will determine a date and time for use of conference room and fits 
within recruited women’s schedules and begin the scheduling process. Once a date and time 
has been confirmed, Dr. Molina and UIC student [TBA], will contact women two days prior to the 
focus group to remind them and reschedule, as needed.  
Focus groups will be held by Dr. Molina and UIC assistants [Appendix P]  at Centro Comunitario 
Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project offices or other community venues chosen by Centro 
Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project  within the target neighborhoods. Focus 
group/s will be conducted in both Spanish and in English. Dr. Molina who will be conducting the 
groups is bilingual and will address the group in both languages.  Centro Comunitario Juan 
Diego and The Resurrection Project will not be involved in any recruitment, consenting or focus 
group activities.  Prior to the start of the focus groups, participants will be provided informed 
consent and asked to sign a written informed consent document if they wish to participate. 
Participants will be told that the session will be recorded and will have the opportunity to 
withdraw if they do not want to be recorded.  
Prior to the start of the focus groups and after Informed Consent is given, participants will be 
asked to complete a brief demographic form collecting data on the following variables: 
 
Age (age only and not DOB) 
 
Zip Code of Residence 
 
Race/Ethnicity 
 
Country of Origin 
 
Length of time residing in the United States 
 
Preferred language to speak at home 

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Marital Status 
 
Health insurance status 
 
Education level 
 
Family income level 
 
Mammography history (date of last mammogram) 
Afterward, Dr. Molina will use a digital recorder to lead an audio-recorded semi-structured focus 
group. For Phase 1, she will first briefly describe the future trial and second ask women 
questions about which factors should be included in interventions and under what 
circumstances the interventions would be best implemented. The Phase 1 focus group guides 
have all of this information. For Phase 2, she will provide women with sections of the developed 
materials and then ask questions. The Phase 2 focus group guides provide the order of what 
information will be shown and which questions will be asked subsequently. 
 
For Phase 1 (the first set of focus groups), while the Informed Consents will be different, the 
focus group guide and questionnaires are the same for all individuals who participate in focus 
groups – they are the same forms for the Latinas who are non-adherent to mammography and 
represent the target population as well as for the Latinas who are community health 
workers/volunteers/promotoras and represent the target interventionists. 
 
For Phase 2 (the second set of focus groups), other Informed Consents will be used, which 
include unique information about the materials presented and new types of questions used. 
Other focus group guides (Phase 2 focus group guides) will also be used concerning 
participants’ perspectives on the materials developed from Phase 1 data. Thus, we are now 
able to conduct the focus groups in Pilsen/Little Village. Questionnaires however will remain the 
same across Phases.  
After the group is completed, Dr. Molina will thank participants and give them $40 for their time 
and effort.  
 
Once all groups are completed, Dr. Molina and her team [Appendix P] will lead a content 
analysis with inductive and deductive approaches[53, 54] in Atlas.ti.[55] She and two UIC 
students [TBA] will read transcripts and generate codes. We will compare notes, review data, 
cluster similar ideas into representative themes, and discuss areas of disagreement until 
consensus is reached. A final codebook will be used for re-analysis. Sample sizes are within the 
recommended range to meet thematic saturation.[53,54] 
 
Referring peers will be identified once focus groups are complete, based on the Call Log. They 
will be identified by a unique tracking code that each woman who calls will give, which will be on 
the coupon given to referring peers by study team staff. Referring peers will get a lump sum. 
They will get compensated regardless of whether the referred participants choose or do not 
choose to participate in screening, focus groups, or any other part of the research study. 
Referring peers will be given this compensation in person or by mail, based on participants’ 
preferences. 
 
Phase 3 
With regard to recruitment, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project will 
distribute physical flyers throughout community areas and send electronic flyers through 
listservs to recruit women. Peers will also distribute flyers and coupons. Neither the peers, 
Centro Comunitario Juan Diego nor The Resurrection Project will be involved in any recruitment 
or consenting activities or know which women contact staff, which women are screened, and 

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which women ultimately consent and participate in interventions.  Study staff will have no 
contact information concerning the women who are reached by the peers, Centro Comunitario 
Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project, unless women contact study staff directly. Peers, 
Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project will not give any contact 
information to Dr. Molina and her team. 
 
Interested women who have received the recruitment flyers, will contact UIC student/staff who 
will record women’s contact information, screen them for eligibility, and obtain scheduling 
information for the Intervention sessions. We will ask each participant at time of recruitment/ 
enrollment what language they prefer.  Three 2-3 hour Workshop Sessions will then be 
scheduled for three consecutive weeks and held accordingly. For the Phase 3/Intervention, 
women will be informed that the sessions and workshops will be a “closed” group format. Once 
a woman agree to participate and enrolled in one of the 3 consecutive sessions, she cannot 
change or switch to another group’s session.  
 
With regard to interventions, once we have at least recruited 6-8 women per session, Centro 
Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project will determine a date and time for use of 
conference room and fits within recruited women’s schedules and begin the scheduling process. 
Once a date and time has been confirmed, UIC staff [Appendix P], will contact women two days 
prior to the session/s to remind them and reschedule, as needed. We will hold 5 – 9 sessions at 
each participating site for three consecutive weeks until we reach the targeted 150 Latina 
women. 
 
Educational Sessions will be attended by the UIC Staff/Staff at Centro Comunitario Juan Diego 
/Staff at The Resurrection Project and will be located in Centro Comunitario Juan Diego offices 
or other community venues chosen by Centro Comunitario Juan Diego within the target 
neighborhoods. Empowerment Sessions will be attended by the UIC Staff/Staff at Centro 
Comunitario Juan Diego /Staff at The Resurrection Project and will be located in The 
Resurrection Project offices or other community venues chosen by The Resurrection Project 
within the target neighborhoods.  UIC staff will be in contact with the participants and the 
participating site community health workers during the entire Intervention period.  Community 
Health Workers from each participating site will conduct the educational sessions and the 
workshops. UIC staff will administer all the surveys and Informed Consent. Educational 
Sessions will be conducted in either Spanish or English and participants will have the choice of 
attending one in the language format they choose.  Prior to the start of the sessions, UIC staff 
will discuss Informed Consent with participants who will be asked to sign a written informed 
consent if they wish to participate. UIC staff will meet with the women who have consented and 
who have agreed to attend the 3 sessions and workshops for the duration of the Intervention 
activities that will be held once a week for three consecutive weeks. 
 
Prior to the start of the Session 1 Session at each site and after Informed Consent is given, 
participants will be asked to complete Survey 1 (T1), which includes demographics (years in 
US, country of birth, income, education, marital status, age – NOT DOB), volunteerism history, 
social interactions, breast cancer beliefs (cultural beliefs, perceived risks, norms and social 
interactions concerning breast cancer) and breast cancer screening variables. 
 
During the Phase 3 Intervention, the Community Health Worker at each site (TRP and Juan 
Diego), will conduct the session. UIC student/staff will be present at each activity and will 
administer the Informed Consents as well as will help Community Health Workers as is needed.   

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After the Session 3, participants will be asked to complete Survey 2 (T2) before leaving the site. 
Survey 2 will collect information related to volunteerism history, social interactions, breast 
cancer beliefs (cultural beliefs, perceived risks, norms and social interactions concerning breast 
cancer) and breast cancer screening since Survey 1. 
 
All participants will receive a “book” of the PowerPoint slides as well as will have the option to 
use Promise Letters to encourage adherence to goals. This material will be kept at the 
participating sites with the Community Health Worker in a locked cabinet in a locked office.  
None of the materials will have personal identifying information; they will have the participant’s 
six digit random identification code. They will be collected by the UIC staff after Session 3. 
 
UIC study staff and CHWs listed in Appendix P will begin conducting the Booster Calls (Follow-
Up Calls) one month after the Educational Sessions. Everyone (UIC-based staff and CHWs) 
engaging in these calls will have access to the UIC/SPH  R drive (R =Research), wherein all 
data will be stored.  Each call will be approximately 10-20 minutes. The booster calls will be 
conducted every month for six months.  These booster calls are intended to sustain successful 
behavior change and increase motivation.   
 
Six months after participation in Session 3, participants will be asked to complete Survey 3, 
which will take about 20-30 minutes. Survey 3 will be administered or in person at Centro 
Comunitario Juan Diego or The Resurrection Project sites. The reminder script has been 
modified to include scheduling calls, including for Survey 3 as well as the focus groups. Survey 
3 will collect information related to information related to  volunteerism history, social 
interactions, breast cancer beliefs (cultural beliefs, perceived risks, norms and social 
interactions concerning breast cancer) and breast cancer screening since Survey 1. For 
participants were in Cohort 1 (who completed participation before approved consent 
addendum), they will be contacted by phone up to 3 times with a script including consent 
addendum information to be given that information, wherein they can elect to be notified about 
future studies, if they are interested. If they are not interested, their data will be eliminated from 
this file. For cohorts 2-15, after the participant completes the final/third survey, her data will be 
eliminated from this file, if she chooses not to be contacted for future studies. If she chooses to 
be contacted for future studies, her information name and phone number (nothing else) will be 
kept and it will be recorded that she has completed participation, but is willing to be contacted in 
the future. Subsequently, each time she is contacted, this file will be updated to include a 
summary of the call. During each call, UIC staff will query the woman about her interest in being 
contacted in the future. If she chooses not to be contacted from future studies, her name and 
phone number will be eliminated from this contact log. If she chooses to be contacted for future 
studies, her name and phone number will remain in the contact log. Participants’ contact 
information will be kept until after participants decide to stop active participation or 5-7 years 
after the study is completed. 
 
For participants who are still participating in June 2018 or who are enrolled after June 2018, 
mailed letters will be sent to participants who have non-working telephone numbers and/or for 
women who are non-responsive to 5 attempted phone calls. At the point when thank you cards 
are sent, the PI and UIC study team will note participants as “lost to follow up”, which will 
indicate that no further contact should be made. If the participant responds/contacts the PI and 
study team and indicates they wish to continue to participate, the study team will change this 
status to “returned to study” and begin contact once again, based on participant preferences. If 

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they do not contact the PI, they will remain “lost to follow up” and no contact will be made. To 
note, none of UIC-based study staff will access to the mailing addresses of participants. Rather, 
the letter will be included in a stamped envelope that will be provided to community partners 
(Centro Comunitario Juan Diego, The Resurrection Project). Community partners regularly 
engage clientele of their organization through letters as well as phone calls, including women 
who they have recruited to participate in this study. We will give stamped envelopes with the 
UIC IRB-approved letter to community partners, who will print address labels and mail letters to 
participants. To note, no UIC-based staff will have access to these addresses and community 
partners will only mail letters to participants who have already previously provided their 
addresses for regular correspondence with Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The 
Resurrection Project. Agencies are the primary recruitment sites and agency staff are study staff 
listed in Appendix P. We are now requesting a waiver of consent and alteration of consent to 
provide the agency with a list of names of participants for whom letters will be mailed, as 1) the 
waiver would not adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects; and, 2) the only way for 
study staff to reach these subjects is through transfer of this information to the agency staff. 
Subjects will contact the PI directly if interested. We also now include a recruitment script for 
women who are interested and contact the PI and study staff. The PI and UIC staff will then 
update contact information in study records. The PI will only know how many subjects have 
been mailed 1 letter. The PI and UIC staff will not know how many are returned/are 
undeliverable/have left the community based organization altogether. Only one mailed letter will 
be sent for each participant who cannot be reached. Subjects will only contact the PI or study 
sites. At the point when thank you cards are sent, the PI and UIC study team will note 
participants as “lost to follow up”, which will indicate that no further contact should be made. If 
the participant responds/contacts the PI and study team and indicates they wish to continue to 
participate, the study team will change this status to “returned to study” and begin contact once 
again, based on participant preferences. If they do not contact the PI, they will remain “lost to 
follow up” and no contact will be made. The PI and UIC staff will not be able to contact the 
participants, given the information in study records is not up to date (e.g., number has 
changed/become disconnected). Subjects who are interested will contact the PI or study staff at 
TRP and CCJD. TRP and CCJD staff [only staff in research study – i.e., listed in Appendix P] 
will refer the participants to UIC staff, who will have a list of the interactions requested for each 
individual participant. This list will be a password-protected file that is kept in a password-
protected computer in a locked office at UIC (R:drive). To note, only study staff who are listed in 
Appendix P/have human subjects training will respond and engage participants who call the 
study site to optimize patient confidentiality. If the participant contacts the study team at these 
sites or at UIC and indicates they wish to withdraw/not be contacted by the PI, the study team at 
these sites will inform participants that no further attempted contact will be made for this study. 
 
With regard to payment, participants will obtain $80 in total throughout their participation in the 
trial. After Session 1, they will receive $10. After Session 2, they will receive $20. After Session 
3, they will receive $25. After they complete the 20-30 minute Survey 3, six months after 
participating in Session 3, they will receive $25. 
 
 The materials for the workshops have been provided.  
 
TRP 
75 Latina Women 
Compensation 
for Participants 
Juan Diego 
75 Latina Women 
Three 2 Hour educational classes 
across 3 consecutive weeks 
 
Three 2 Hour educational classes 
across 3 consecutive weeks 

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Sessions will be held with 5-8 
recruited participants 
 
Sessions will be held with 5-8 
recruited participants 
These are ‘closed’ group format 
(once a woman is enrolled in a 
particular group, she cannot change 
to another group and has to complete 
all 3 sessions). 
 
These are ‘closed’ group format 
(once a woman is enrolled in a 
particular group, she cannot change 
to another group and has to complete 
all 3 sessions). 
At Session 1, Participants will 
complete: 
1) Informed consent  
2) Survey 1; 
3) 1 ½ Hour Breast Cancer 
Education session; 
$10 Cash 
 
At Session 1, Participants will 
complete: 
1) Informed consent 
2) Survey 1 
3) 1 ½ Hour Breast Cancer 
Education session; 
At Session 2, Participants will 
complete: 
1) 1 ½ Hour Interpersonal 
Communication workshop. 
$20 Cash 
 
At Session 2, Participants will 
complete: 
1) 1 ½ Hour Diet Educational 
workshop. 
At Session 3, Participants will 
complete: 
1) 1 ½ Hour Volunteerism; 
workshop 
2) Survey 2; 
 
$25 Cash 
 
At Session 3, Participants will 
complete: 
1) 1 ½ Hour Physical Activity 
workshop; 
2) Survey 2; 
 
Booster Calls one month after 
Session 3. Every month thereafter for 
6 months. 
 
 
Booster Calls one month after 
Session 3. Every month thereafter for 
6 months. 
At 6 months post-participation, 
participants will complete: 20-30 
minute Survey 3 
$25/Cash 
 
At 6 months post-participation, 
participants will complete: 20-30 
minute Survey 3 
 
 
Referring peers will be identified once sessions/workshops are completed, based on the Call 
Log. They will be identified by a unique tracking code that each woman who calls will give, 
which will be on the coupon given to referring peers by study team staff. Peers will also be 
encouraged to recruit other women from their social networks to participate and will be 
compensated $15 for their time and effort. When recruiting, they will provide individuals with 
coupons that have unique tracking codes, which will be linked to the seed. The purpose of the 
coupons is twofold. First, it will be used as a type of snowball sampling, wherein participants will 
be able to recruit their family and friends to participate in the study. To note, individuals who are 
recruited will not participate within the same cohort as the seed participant (who will have 
already started the program and be in a closed session). As well, the seed participant will not 
know/be told by study staff who contacted them nor who ultimately decided to participate. 
Second, the use of coupons will be a behavioral measure with regard to participants’ interest in 
disseminating information related to the study (Aim 3 outcome). In this case, we will be 
measuring the number of participants who are interested in taking flyers and the number of 
individuals they reach via who contacts for screening. To note, at no point will the screening 
process of those recruited be connected with participants’ names. 
 

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The ‘seed’ will have the opportunity to take flyers throughout the three intervention sessions. 
They will be told that they can recruit other women until the third survey/they complete 
participation in the project. The study staff will record the total number each person obtains as 
well as the respective codes. When recruiting others, seed participants will provide individuals 
with coupons that have unique tracking codes. How many coupons are distributed and to whom 
will depend on the seed participants’ interests and actions after they take the coupons from 
study staff. When interested individuals call, they will provide the unique tracking code on their 
coupon. After the call, the staff member will update the file that includes identifiable elements by 
inputting the coupon code. That said, no other information from the event will be kept in the 
database, including whether the individual agreed to be screened or ultimately participated.  
 
Referring peers will get a lump sum. They will get compensated regardless of whether the 
referred participants choose or do not choose to participate in screening, interventions, or any 
other part of the research study. Referring peers will be given this compensation in person or by 
mail, based on participants’ preferences. 
 
At the end of Phase 3, participants who have agreed to be contacted again will be contacted by 
study staff by phone and given the opportunity to learn about preliminary analyses. Participants 
will be offered information regarding preliminary analyses of the study. They will have the 
opportunity to decline learning about study results without any negative impact/costs to their 
relationships with the study sites or UIC. Script for these calls was submitted as part of 
Amendment #24. 
 
 
Phase 4  
With regard to recruitment, we will ask Phase 3 participants to recruit their family/friends to 
participate in Phase 4. Participants will be told about this opportunity. If they are interested, 
study staff will record the number of flyers each person takes. The number of coupons given to 
each participant will depend on the participant’s interest in distribution and how many they want. 
When recruiting individuals, seed participant will provide individuals with flyers or the contact 
information for Dr. Molina to undergo screening. How many flyers are distributed/how often 
women attempt to recruit and to whom will depend on the seed participants’ interests and 
actions after they take flyers from study staff/interact with study staff.  
 
Interested individuals will contact Dr. Molina and UIC assistants [Appendix P] who will assess 
them for coercion, screen them for eligibility, record their contact information, and obtain 
scheduling information for interviews. When interested individuals call, they will be told not to 
provide information from the seed participants. Given this, there will be no record of which 
Phase 3 participant referred whom nor of which potential Phase 4 participants called, screened, 
and participated. Once scheduling information has been taken and a date and time has been 
confirmed, Dr. Molina and UIC student [TBA], will contact women two days prior to the interview 
to remind them and reschedule, as needed.  
Interviews will be held by Dr. Molina and UIC assistants [Appendix P] in locations specified by 
participants. Interviews will be conducted in both Spanish and in English. All study staff who will 
be conducting the interviews are bilingual and will use the language preferred by the participant.  
Prior to the start of the interviews, participants will be provided informed consent and asked to 
sign a written informed consent document if they wish to participate. Participants will be told that 

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the session will be recorded and will have the opportunity to withdraw if they do not want to be 
recorded.  
Prior to the start of the interviews and after Informed Consent is given, participants will be asked 
to complete a brief form collecting data on the following variables: 
 
Relationship to participant 
 
Communication frequency (on average, during intervention participation, post-
intervention participation)  
 
Gender 
 
Age (age only and not DOB) 
 
Race/Ethnicity 
 
Country of Origin 
 
Length of time residing in the United States 
 
Preferred language to speak at home 
 
Marital Status 
 
Health insurance status 
 
Education level 
 
Family income level 
 
Mammography history (date of last mammogram) 
 
Weight and height 
 
Sedentary time 
Afterward, UIC staff will use a digital recorder to lead an audio-recorded semi-structured 
interview. For Phase 4, we will ask questions concerning their awareness of the interventions, 
perceptions about how intervention participants have changed, and finally how the interventions 
have indirectly impacted them. After the interview is completed, we will thank participants and 
give them $25 for their time and effort.  
Once interviews are completed, Dr. Molina and her team [Appendix P] will lead a content 
analysis with inductive and deductive approaches[53, 54] in Atlas.ti.[55] She and two UIC 
students [TBA] will read transcripts and generate codes. We will compare notes, review data, 
cluster similar ideas into representative themes, and discuss areas of disagreement until 
consensus is reached. A final codebook will be used for re-analysis. Sample sizes are within the 
recommended range to meet thematic saturation.[53,54] 
 
Phase 5  
During Phase 5, we will collect new data regarding costs through 1) modified T2 and T3 surveys 
tracking participant costs to participate in the study and to obtain a mammogram; 2) participant 
encounter logs that will track one-on-one interactions with participants who complete informed 
consents detailing Aim 5 (we anticipate 80-82 participants); 3) behavioral logs tracking time 
spent on various aspects of the study (to be completed in Appendix P; different for community 
health workers, field agents, and Molina office-based lab staff, as they all have different 
responsibilities); and, 4) organizational surveys tracking costs to organizations implementing 
Phase 3 (to be completed by individuals in Appendix P). Cost data will be reported in aggregate 
and by study staff, mostly (Organizational Surveys, Behavioral Logs). For individual-level data 
(Participant Encounter Logs, modified T2 and T3 surveys), we will only collect data on Phase 3 
participants who complete informed consents describing Phase 5 procedures (up to 80-82 
participants).  
 
In addition to these materials, we will also include UIC expense reports for this project to assess 
printing and other office supply costs. The instruments will give us the amount of time spent, 
which will we use along with self-reported and national salaries of personnel/participants to 

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calculate costs, self-reported costs, and local market prices to incorporate changes in cost 
across time (e.g., annual property depreciation per zip code). Research costs will not be 
included. Cost data will be standardized to 2017 US dollars.48 All of this information will be 
collected by study staff listed in Appendix P.  
 
Subsequently, we will estimate “effects” data for each program, using data from Phase 3. These 
data will come from Phase 3, whose primary goal is to assess these outcomes. For each 
program, we will calculate the:  
 
1) Number of participants obtaining breast cancer screening 
2) Number of 54-74 year-old women (participants + Program Director/Principal
 
Investigator (Last, First, Middle): Molina Y. Participant family/friends) who are told about
 
breast cancer screening 
 3) Number of women obtaining breast cancer screening (participants + participants’
 
family/friends).   
 
After this, we will use these data and published literature to conduct a simulation model on a 
platform like CAN*TROL to compare the cost-effectiveness of different cancer control 
interventions across up to 40 years. We will design a model to estimate effects across 10 years 
(2010-2020). 
     We will use the 2010 Chicago Latina female population aged 50 to 74 years old as the 
general population. Intervention programs are only administered to non-adherent Latinas. The 
model will incorporate this rule, using the percentage of non-adherent Latinas as estimated from 
the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and assuming that 25% of these women are 
enrolled in the intervention (either education or enrollment). 
    For each run, individuals will be assigned to one of 109 states, including a healthy state, 105 
cancer states, a cured state, a dead of cancer state, and a dead of other causes states. Each 
state tracks individual age via 100 one-year age groups. During each cycle, an individual will 
remain in a given state or shift according to embedded transition probabilities. 
   Literature reviews concerning program effectiveness and costs.  Ms. San Miguel will 
conduct two literature searches. First, published studies focused on effectiveness of 
empowerment and education interventions on improving Latinas’ breast cancer outcomes will 
be identified via a systematic literature search in PubMed and MEDLINE, using terms/phrases 
such as “Latina” or “Hispanic”; “breast cancer education”; “mammography”; “intervention”; “train-
the-trainer”; and, “community health worker.”  Given our target time frame, articles will be 
reviewed by the following criteria: 1) have been published between 2010-2017; 2) have used a 
CHW to deliver an in-person, group-based education or empowerment approach to promote 
breast cancer screening; 3) have focused exclusively on Latinas or have all relevant data 
stratified to obtain Latina-specific estimates; and, 4) have breast cancer care utilization 
(screening, diagnostic care, etc.) and outcomes (e.g., stage at distribution) rates for participants 
and/or for members of their social networks. Where possible, we will rely exclusively on studies 
that use medical records. A second systematic literature review will use the same protocol to 
identify studies focused on the cost of empowerment and education interventions on improving 
Latinas’ breast cancer outcomes. All eligibility criteria will be identical to the first search, except 
for the fourth, which will be changed to: have cost data. We will subsequently attempt to use 
summary statistics via Mantel-Haenszel tests to create estimates for the model. If not possible, 
due to heterogeneity, we will use the median and possible ranges of effects (e.g., screening 
rates). 

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    Published literature and resources concerning population-level and breast cancer 
characteristics. Ms. San Miguel and staff will abstract Latina-specific data from representative 
surveys and study populations (e.g., screening rates from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance 
System; Breast Cancer Care in Chicago registry-linked mortality data) to estimate population 
screening rates (for baseline), ranges of false-positive rates, and breast cancer state transition 
probabilities. Cost data regarding breast cancer care services will also be drawn from published 
literature and resources on free/low-cost mammography services, including the National Breast 
and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. NCI Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends 
Results (SEER) data will be abstracted for Latinas aged 50-74 years old in terms of age-
adjusted prevalence cases of invasive breast cancer, incidence rates, stage distribution (0, I, II, 
III, IV), and stage-specific survival.  
Simulation  model building and implementation. The following input data will be used for 
program-specific runs: population data (SEER; literature-based estimates); cancer data (SEER); 
and, session information (Study cost and effects data; literature-based estimates). The 
baseline/no intervention program will include patient and healthcare system costs relevant to 
breast cancer care; no other costs will be included. The intervention runs will respectively use 
program-specific cost data. For each intervention run, there will be two runs: one wherein only 
the behaviors of intervention participants are considered and one wherein the behaviors of 
intervention participants and their female family/friends are considered. 
     Costs will be incorporated across 10 years and be dependent on individuals’ behaviors and 
state (e.g., costs for women with 1 false-positive event include provider visit, screening, and 
diagnostic care; for women with a definitive cancer diagnosis, includes all costs, including those 
for subsequent surveillance screening). The following beginning list includes assumptions and 
rules we will make for the model: 1) guideline-concordant screening is defined as obtaining a 
mammogram every 2 years for women aged 50-74 years old; 2) screening occurs between 
2010 and 2020; 3) screening, staging, and mortality rates for future years (e.g., 2018-2020) are 
estimated based on population-level trends and 2010-2017 rates; 4) expected changes to stage 
distribution of breast cancer are based on program effect estimates; 5) a discount rate of 0.03 is 
used; and, 6) cost data will be standardized to 2017 US dollars. Each run will be programmed to 
provide the following outputs per year for 10 years: 1) cumulative net costs; 2) breast cancer 
screening; 3) stage distribution; and, 4) age-adjusted mortality rates.  
 
Phase 6 
Phase 6 will only include survey data (Phase 6a) and community study records for Phase 3 
participants who agree to have their data released to UIC (Phase 6b). Phase 3 will not be asked 
for any additional data. We are requesting a waiver of documentation and alteration for Phase 6. 
This requested waiver will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects and is the only 
way for study staff to obtain objective data regarding subjects’ participation in community 
volunteerism. 
 
For Phase 6a, we will conduct secondary analyses regarding study arm differences in Phase 3 
survey data (T1, T2, T3) regarding community volunteerism, including volunteerism intention, 
civic engagement intention, volunteerism behaviors, and civic engagement behaviors. We will 
use multiple imputation techniques to handle missing data.  For analyses, we will conduct 
Generalized Estimating Equation models with main effects (Study arm, time) and interaction 
terms (study arm*time) for all outcomes, except for civic engagement intention, which was not 
measured at multiple time points. Based on power analyses to estimate the minimal detectable 
effect size for study arm differences among 100 Latinas (assuming maximum attrition, given 
current attrition rates) across nested surveys (ICC = 0.0-0.5), p <.05, power=0.80, and two-

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tailed tests, we would be able to detect a medium-sized effect for a study arm*time interaction 
effect. For civic engagement intention, we will conduct a logistic regression. We will cluster by 
cohort/group and adjust for demographic covariates in all models.   
 
For Phase 6b, we will abstract data from community partners for Phase 3 participants who 
agree to release their data concerning volunteerism (e.g., preferences regarding events; 
number of contacts; barriers, if any, during contact; decisions/solutions made, if any during 
contact; interest in event participation; type of event; and attendance at event) to the UIC-based 
study team. As described in Recruitment, Phase 1, 2, and 3 participants were originally 
recruited by community partners – The Resurrection Project and Centro Comunitario Juan 
Diego. These community organizations have multiple programs and events, which allow their 
clients (including participants of this project) to get involved in their community. To examine the 
feasibility of such volunteerism navigation, UIC-based study staff will: 1) call Phase 3 
participants to discuss Phase 6 procedures; 2) obtain consent to abstract data from the 
community volunteerism databases; 3) coordinate data transfer with community partners; and, 
4) link data in UIC-based listservs. As a first step toward assessing feasibility, we will assess 
the: 1) number and types of civic engagement and community development activities; 2) 
number of women who indicate interest; and, 3) number of women who attend. Secondary 
analyses include: 1) describing the number and types of barriers to participation; and, 2) 
characterizing predictors to participation via bivariate regressions. Community partners will 
upload data in encrypted, password-protected files to a Box Health Data Folder (BHDF). 
Subsequently those data will be transferred to the UIC/SPH  R drive (R =Research) and the 
assigned folder will be locked down the folder and restricted access only for the PI and UIC 
study staff.  The School of Public health's secure network server will have Active Directory 
controlled access and BitLocker encryption. 
 
Phase 7 
 
We will use convenience-based sampling to recruit 20 Phase 3 participants who agreed to be 
recontacted to participate in semi-structured focus groups that will help us to obtain qualitative 
data on their experiences during the intervention and recommendations for future studies. 
 
For recruitment, study staff (Appendix P) who were involved in Phase 3 and are familiar with 
Phase 3 participants will lead phone calls. We will attempt up to 3 contacts per individual. Study 
staff listed in Appendix P will use Phase 7 Telephone Recruitment scripts during phone calls. 
Phase 7 Call Log will be used to track contact attempts and the result after a successful contact 
(e.g., interested; scheduling availability).  All data will be stored in the UIC/SPH R drive (R 
=Research) and the assigned folder will be locked down the folder and restricted access only for 
the PI and study staff (Appendix P).  The School of Public health's secure network server will 
have Active Directory controlled access and BitLocker encryption. The PI and study team are 
bilingual to handle any calls from only Spanish and only English speaking subjects. Participants 
have the right to be removed from the research study at any point. The study team will be notify 
the participant that any information collected will remain confidential and any further contact by 
the research staff will cease. 
 
Once we have at least 6 women, Dr. Molina, Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The 
Resurrection Project will determine a date and time for use of conference room and fits within 
recruited women’s schedules and begin the scheduling process. Once a date and time has 

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been confirmed, Dr. Molina and study staff [TBA], will contact women two days prior to the focus 
group to remind them and reschedule, as needed.  
 
Focus groups will be held by Dr. Molina and study team [Appendix P]  at Centro Comunitario 
Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project offices or other community venues chosen by Centro 
Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project  within the target neighborhoods. Focus 
group/s will be conducted in both Spanish and in English. Dr. Molina who will be conducting the 
groups is bilingual and will address the group in both languages.  Prior to the start of the focus 
groups, participants will be provided informed consent and asked to sign a written informed 
consent document if they wish to participate. Participants will be told that the session will be 
recorded and will have the opportunity to withdraw if they do not want to be recorded. 
Participants will also be told to not use their or each other’s names to protect their 
privacy/confidentiality as much as is possible. 
 
Afterward, Dr. Molina will use a digital recorder to lead an audio-recorded semi-structured focus 
group. For Phase 7, she will first briefly describe the past study and distribute materials from the 
the intervention (e.g., presentation materials). Subsequently, she will ask questions regarding 
what they thought about those materials/follow-up calls, what could be done to improve 
interventions in the future, the programs’ effects on behaviors (health, communication), and their 
perspectives on their neighborhoods and interaction with Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and 
The Resurrection Project. Throughout the project, Dr. Molina will emphasize that participants 
can withdraw at any time and do not have to answer any questions that make them feel 
uncomfortable. After the group is completed, Dr. Molina will thank participants and give them 
$40 for their time and effort.  
 
Once all groups are completed, audio-recordings and verbatim transcripts will be stored in a 
folder only accessible to UIC-based study staff in the UIC/SPH R drive (R =Research). The 
School of Public health's secure network server will have Active Directory controlled access and 
BitLocker encryption. Dr. Molina and the study team [Appendix P] will lead a content analysis 
with inductive and deductive approaches [53, 54] in Atlas.ti.[55] She and two individuals 
students [TBA] will read transcripts and generate codes. We will compare notes, review data, 
cluster similar ideas into representative themes, and discuss areas of disagreement until 
consensus is reached. A final codebook will be used for re-analysis. Sample sizes are within the 
recommended range to meet thematic saturation.[53,54] 
 
 
6.3. Overall procedures and protocols 
  
Throughout this study, all paper copies of questionnaires will first be scanned and then 
shredded. Audio-recordings and scanned materials will be stored in password-protected 
computers that will be housed within locked rooms in the School of Public Health. Hard copies 
of informed consents will be kept in a locked cabinet in a locked office. Only Dr. Molina and UIC 
students [Appendix P] will be able to access 1) the room and 2) the computer. Materials will be 
kept until the completion of the trial. Afterward, all electronic copies will be destroyed in 
protocols recommended by SPH’s IT office. All presentations will be in aggregate, wherein 
participants’ personal identifying information will not be used (name, age, etc.). 
 
6.4 Engagement of Target Population and Interventionists 
 

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There will be a total of 300 participants enrolled in our study, including Phase 1 and 2 
participants (40 Latinas, 15-30 community health workers), Phase 3 and 5 participants (240 
Latinas who enroll, of which 150 estimated to complete entire study), and Phase 4 participants 
(20 family/friends). 
 
Phase 1 and Phase 2 
We will engage the target population to verify the appropriateness and logic of intervention 
materials and procedures. 
 
Once materials and protocols have been completed, we will recruit a second set of 20 Latinas 
who would be eligible for the trial and 10-15 community health workers/volunteers/promotoras 
who would be eligible to deliver the intervention material.  All procedures described above will 
be used in an identical manner for these focus groups. Content will vary, in that Dr. Molina will 
present the materials and protocols and elicit feedback from women on their appropriateness 
and any current gaps that should be addressed (e.g., addressing specific barriers to 
volunteerism).  
 
Once the second set of focus groups have been completed, Dr. Molina will conduct analyses in 
the identical fashion as described above and will have a second meeting with the Community 
Engagement Advisory Board, wherein she will present the materials, procedures, as well as 
aggregate focus group data. 
 
Phase 3 
We will now work on implementing the intervention and assessing changes across interventions 
with regard to Aims 1-3 outcomes (screening, psychosocial facilitators, network effects). We 
plan on recruiting 150 Latina women to participate in the Intervention. 75 women will be 
recruited at The Resurrection Project and 75 women will be recruited from Centro Comunitario 
Juan Diego. No contact information on women who have participated in any previous focus 
groups or will we re-contact any woman who has already participated in a focus group for future 
trial.  We will only invite new recruits for the intervention. We will be conducting educational 
classes and workshops at the two participating sites.  The Intervention is broken down into 3 
sessions at each site across 3 consecutive weeks.  Each session will be held with 5-8 recruited 
participants. We will hold 5 – 9 sessions at each participating site for three consecutive weeks 
until we reach our target population of 150 Latina women. The variations in the implementation 
of Phase 3 Intervention will be the Workshops at each site. Besides each site conducting a 
Breast Cancer Education session at Session 1, TRP will conduct Communication and 
Volunteerism workshops at Session 1 and 2. Juan Diego will conduct Diet and Physical Activity 
workshops at Session 1 and 2. Our outcomes will be measured by Surveys assessed during 
Session 1, Session 3, and six months post-participation in workshops for 20-30 minutes. For 
participants were in Cohort 1 (who completed participation before approved consent 
addendum), they will be contacted by phone up to 3 times with a script including consent 
addendum information to be given that information, wherein they can elect to be notified about 
future studies, if they are interested. If they are not interested, their data will be eliminated from 
this file. For cohorts 2-15, after the participant completes the final/third survey, her data will be 
eliminated from this file, if she chooses not to be contacted for future studies. If she chooses to 
be contacted for future studies, her name and phone number (nothing else) will be kept and it 
will be recorded that she has completed participation, but is willing to be contacted in the future. 
Subsequently, each time she is contacted, this file will be updated to include a summary of the 
call. During each call, UIC staff will query the woman about her interest in being contacted in the 

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future. If she chooses not to be contacted from future studies, her name and phone number will 
be eliminated from this contact log. If she chooses to be contacted for future studies, her name 
and phone number will remain in the contact log. Scripts for these calls will be submitted in 
future amendments/for other protocols focused on these future studies. Participants’ contact 
information will be kept until after participants decide to stop active participation or 5-7 years 
after the study is completed. For participants who are still participating in June 2018 or who are 
enrolled after June 2018, mailed letters will be sent to participants who have non-working 
telephone numbers and/or for women who are non-responsive to 5 attempted phone calls. At 
the point when thank you cards are sent, the PI and UIC study team will note participants as 
“lost to follow up”, which will indicate that no further contact should be made. If the participant 
responds/contacts the PI and study team and indicates they wish to continue to participate, the 
study team will change this status to “returned to study” and begin contact once again, based on 
participant preferences. If they do not contact the PI, they will remain “lost to follow up” and no 
contact will be made. To note, none of UIC-based study staff will access to the mailing 
addresses of participants. Rather, the letter will be included in a stamped envelope that will be 
provided to community partners (Centro Comunitario Juan Diego, The Resurrection Project). 
Community partners regularly engage clientele of their organization through letters as well as 
phone calls, including women who they have recruited to participate in this study. We will give 
stamped envelopes with the UIC IRB-approved letter to community partners, who will print 
address labels and mail letters to participants. To note, no UIC-based staff will have access to 
these addresses and community partners will only mail letters to participants who have already 
previously provided their addresses for regular correspondence with Centro Comunitario Juan 
Diego and The Resurrection Project. Agencies are the primary recruitment sites and agency 
staff are study staff listed in Appendix P. We are now requesting a waiver of consent and 
alteration of consent to provide the agency with a list of names of participants for whom letters 
will be mailed, as 1) the waiver would not adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects; 
and, 2) the only way for study staff to reach these subjects is through transfer of this information 
to the agency staff. Subjects will contact the PI directly if interested. We also now include a 
recruitment script for women who are interested and contact the PI and study staff. The PI and 
UIC staff will then update contact information in study records. The PI will only know how many 
subjects have been mailed 1 letter. The PI and UIC staff will not know how many are 
returned/are undeliverable/have left the community based organization altogether. Only one 
mailed letter will be sent for each participant who cannot be reached. At the point when thank 
you cards are sent, the PI and UIC study team will note participants as “lost to follow up”, which 
will indicate that no further contact should be made. If the participant responds/contacts the PI 
and study team and indicates they wish to continue to participate, the study team will change 
this status to “returned to study” and begin contact once again, based on participant 
preferences. If they do not contact the PI, they will remain “lost to follow up” and no contact will 
be made. Subjects who are interested will contact the PI or study staff at TRP and CCJD. TRP 
and CCJD staff [only staff in research study – i.e., listed in Appendix P] will refer the participants 
to UIC staff, who will have a list of the interactions requested for each individual participant. This 
list will be a password-protected file that is kept in a password-protected computer in a locked 
office at UIC (R:drive). To note, only study staff who are listed in Appendix P/have human 
subjects training will respond and engage participants who call the study site to optimize patient 
confidentiality. If the participant contacts the study team at these sites or at UIC and indicates 
they wish to withdraw/not be contacted by the PI, the study team at these sites will inform 
participants that no further attempted contact will be made for this study. 
 

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At the end of Phase 3, participants who have agreed to be contacted again will be contacted by 
study staff by phone and given the opportunity to learn about preliminary analyses. Participants 
will be offered information regarding preliminary analyses of the study. They will have the 
opportunity to decline learning about study results without any negative impact/costs to their 
relationships with the study sites or UIC. Script for these calls was submitted as part of 
Amendment #24. 
 
Phase 4 
We will engage participants’ family and friends to assess ‘spill-over’ intervention effects. 
 
We will recruit 20 individuals who are 18 years or older, have not participated in the intervention, 
and identify as family/friends of intervention participants.  We will recruit individuals through 
Phase 3 participants, who will be told about the opportunity, which is voluntary, to recruit their 
family and friends during workshop sessions and booster calls. All interview procedures 
described above will be used in an identical manner for these interviews. Once the interviews 
have been completed, Dr. Molina and study staff will conduct analyses in the identical fashion 
as described above. 
 
Phase 5 
We will conduct cost-effectiveness analyses, using data from Phase 3 participants.  
 
To collect costs, we will use 1) modified T2 and T3 surveys tracking participant costs to 
participate in the study and to obtain a mammogram; 2) participant encounter logs that will track 
one-on-one interactions with participants who complete informed consents detailing Aim 5 (we 
anticipate 80-82 participants); 3) behavioral logs tracking time spent on various aspects of the 
study (to be completed in Appendix P; different for community health workers, field agents, and 
Molina office-based lab staff, as they all have different responsibilities); and, 4) organizational 
surveys tracking costs to organizations implementing Phase 3 (to be completed by individuals in 
Appendix P). Cost data will be reported in aggregate and by study staff, mostly (Organizational 
Surveys, Behavioral Logs). For individual-level data (Participant Encounter Logs, modified T2 
and T3 surveys), we will only collect data on Phase 3 participants who complete informed 
consents describing Phase 5 procedures (up to 80-82 participants). All of this information will be 
collected by study staff listed in Appendix P.  
 
Subsequently, we will estimate “effects” data for each program, using data from Phase 3. These 
data will come from Phase 3, whose primary goal is to assess these outcomes. For each 
program, we will calculate the:  
 
1) Number of participants obtaining breast cancer screening 
2) Number of 54-74 year-old women (participants + Program Director/Principal
 
Investigator (Last, First, Middle): Molina Y. Participant family/friends) who are told about
 
breast cancer screening 
 3) Number of women obtaining breast cancer screening (participants + participants’
 
family/friends).   
 
Phase 6 
Phase 3 participants will not be asked for additional data – Phase 6 will only include survey data 
(Phase 6a) and community study records for Phase 3 participants who agree to have their data 

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released to UIC (Phase 6b). Phase 3 participants will not be asked for additional data. We are 
requesting a waiver of documentation and alteration for Phase 6. This requested waiver will not 
adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects and is the only way for study staff to obtain 
objective data regarding subjects’ participation in community volunteerism. 
 
For Phase 6a, we will conduct secondary analyses regarding study arm differences in Phase 3 
survey data (T1, T2, T3) regarding community volunteerism, including volunteerism intention, 
civic engagement intention, volunteerism behaviors, and civic engagement behaviors. We will 
use multiple imputation techniques to handle missing data.  For analyses, we will conduct 
Generalized Estimating Equation models with main effects (Study arm, time) and interaction 
terms (study arm*time) for all outcomes, except for civic engagement intention, which was not 
measured at multiple time points. Based on power analyses to estimate the minimal detectable 
effect size for study arm differences among 100 Latinas (assuming maximum attrition, given 
current attrition rates) across nested surveys (ICC = 0.0-0.5), p <.05, power=0.80, and two-
tailed tests, we would be able to detect a medium-sized effect for a study arm*time interaction 
effect. For civic engagement intention, we will conduct a logistic regression. We will cluster by 
cohort/group and adjust for demographic covariates in all models.   
 
For Phase 6b, we will abstract data from community partners for Phase 3 participants who 
agree to release their data concerning volunteerism (e.g., preferences regarding events; 
number of contacts; barriers, if any, during contact; decisions/solutions made, if any during 
contact; interest in event participation; type of event; and attendance at event) to the UIC-based 
study team. As described in Recruitment, Phase 1, 2, and 3 participants were originally 
recruited by community partners – The Resurrection Project and Centro Comunitario Juan 
Diego. These community organizations have multiple programs and events, which allow their 
clients (including participants of this project) to get involved in their community. To examine the 
feasibility of such volunteerism navigation, UIC-based study staff will: 1) call Phase 3 
participants to discuss Phase 6 procedures; 2) obtain consent to abstract data from the 
community volunteerism databases; 3) coordinate data transfer with community partners; and, 
4) link data in UIC-based listservs. As a first step toward assessing feasibility, we will assess 
the: 1) number and types of civic engagement and community development activities; 2) 
number of women who indicate interest; and, 3) number of women who attend. Secondary 
analyses include: 1) describing the number and types of barriers to participation; and, 2) 
characterizing predictors to participation via bivariate regressions. Community partners will 
upload data in encrypted, password-protected files to a Box Health Data Folder (BHDF). 
Subsequently those data will be transferred to the UIC/SPH  R drive (R =Research) and the 
assigned folder will be locked down the folder and restricted access only for the PI and UIC 
study staff.  The School of Public health's secure network server will have Active Directory 
controlled access and BitLocker encryption. 
 
Phase 7 
We will engage Phase 3 participants to understand their perspectives on the effectiveness of 
our Phase 3 intervention content and activities. 
 
All procedures described in Phases 1 and 2 above will be used in an identical manner for these 
focus groups. Content will vary, in that Dr. Molina will present the materials and protocols and 
elicit feedback from participants about their actual experiences as Phase 3 participants.  
 

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Once the Phase 7 focus groups have been completed, Dr. Molina will conduct analyses in the 
identical fashion as described above and will have a third meeting with the Community 
Engagement Advisory Board, wherein she will describe the results in aggregate of Phase 3 and 
emergent themes from Phase 7 for feedback/further recommendations. 
 
7.0 
Expected Risks/Benefits 
 
7.1 Risks 
There is a slight chance that a few individuals may experience some anxiety or distress when 
answering questions during the interventions. Individuals who are referred by peers may 
perceive coercion. Throughout the process, participants will be made aware of the voluntary 
nature of the study and their ability to withdraw from research at any point in time. For 
individuals who are referred by peers, we will probe for perceptions of coercion, will indicate that 
the study is voluntary, will note that peers will be reimbursed regardless of their activity, and will 
note that peers will not ultimately know the extent to which they engage in this project (e.g., 
proceed to screening, participation in interventions). Though we regard this risk as unlikely and 
relatively slight, if a participant does experience significant or enduring distress we will ensure 
that staff are trained to handle this adverse situation sensitively and with cultural competence, if 
a participant does experience significant distress during the intervention. If a person’s distress is 
extreme or persists longitudinally, they will be referred to a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist 
for further evaluation and treatment.   
 
Breach of confidentiality is the only other risk to individuals. Breach of confidentiality could entail 
divulging that individuals contacted staff to be screened and completed informed consent forms. 
The risk of divulging this confidential information is minimal and the potential for identity theft is 
limited by the way this data will be handled, given the encryption, password protection, and 
secure, locked office where the Call Log, electronic copies of informed consent forms and de-
identified data will be stored and analyzed. De-identified data, including questionnaires, 
transcripts, individual-level Phase 5 observation documents (e.g., Participant Encounter Logs), 
and Phase 6 community volunteerism data, will not be linked in any way to any individual 
participants’ contact information, which minimizes the possibility of identifying individuals or 
stealing personal information. Specifically, Call Logs will only be linked to electronic copies of 
signed informed consent forms – both of which will be kept in password-protected computers in 
locked offices. Neither of these will be linked to questionnaires,  individual-level Phase 5 
observation documents, and Phase 6 data, which will only be marked by a 6-digit identification 
code that has no relationship to participants’ information, nor to transcripts, which will undergo a 
process such that no record of conversations during interventions will have personal identifying 
information. There is no possibility of conducting this investigation without the data being used.  
 
7.2 Benefits 
Participants will not receive any direct health benefit from taking part in this study. Participants 
may gain a feeling of satisfaction in knowing they can and are able to participate in the research 
process and are able to provide information that may help their communities in the future. Their 
participation will further lead to an intervention that incorporates their perspectives and tailors 
materials to meet the unique needs of their community and population. 
 
8.0 
Data Collection and Management Procedures 
 

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8.1      Collected forms 
Collected forms will be scanned, shredded, and kept in encrypted, password-protected files and 
computers. Data team will be PI and UIC staff [Appendix P]. 
 
For Phase 6, community partners will upload data in encrypted, password-protected files to a 
Box Health Data Folder (BHDF). Subsequently those data will be transferred to the UIC/SPH  R 
drive (R =Research) and the assigned folder will be locked down the folder and restricted 
access only for the PI and UIC study staff.  The School of Public health's secure network server 
will have Active Directory controlled access and BitLocker encryption.  
 
9.0 
Data Analysis 
Qualitative 
 
For Phase 1, 2, 4 and 7, Dr. Molina and her team [Appendix P] will lead content analyses with 
inductive and deductive approaches[53, 54] in Atlas.ti.[55] She and two UIC students [TBA] will 
read transcripts and generate codes. We will compare notes, review data, cluster similar ideas 
into representative themes, and discuss areas of disagreement until consensus is reached. A 
final codebook will be used for re-analysis. Sample sizes are within the recommended range to 
meet thematic saturation.[53,54] 
 
Quantitative 
For Phase 3, our project will include 3 sets of analyses to examine the 3 outcomes – breast 
cancer screening, psychosocial facilitators (self-efficacy, norms, support, and knowledge), and 
social network dissemination. All analyses will be conducted in statistical packages (SPSS, 
SAS, R). 
 
We will use multiple imputation techniques to handle missing data.65 Measures will be assessed 
and included if they have adequate reliability (Cronbach’s αs ≥0.70). We will first conduct 
descriptive statistics. We will identify covariates based on theory and bivariate analyses to 
examine 1) intervention differences in demographic, healthcare, and pre-study factors (e.g., 
screening history) and 2) the relationship of these factors to each other and outcomes (e.g., 
screening). We will conduct a multivariable logistic regression to examine study arm differences 
in guideline-concordant screening six months after participating in interventions. We will conduct 
sensitivity analyses, using only women 1) with complete medical record data and 2) recruited by 
Study Site staff. Based on power analyses to estimate the minimal detectable effect of study 
arm differences among 150 Latinas on screening, p<.05, power = .80 and two-tailed tests, we 
would be able to detect a medium/large effect in a logistic regression (OR = 2.8). 
 
We will use identical procedures to handle missing data, assess measure reliability, and inform 
covariate selection for psychosocial factilitators as we did for screening. Next, we will use mixed 
modeling and will have two levels, with level 2 being participants and level 1 being the repeated 
surveys at different time points. We will assess within-participant change over time in each 
outcome (self-efficacy, norms, support, and knowledge) to identify whether it is best modelled 
as linear versus non-linear (quadratic). Once determined, we will expand models to examine if 
there are study arm and study arm*time interaction effects in change over time, adjusted for 
covariates. Sample size for these analyses include 450 level-1 units (survey time points) and 
150 level-2 units (participants). Based on power analyses to estimate the minimal detectable 
effect size of for study arm differences among 150 Latinas across nested surveys concerning 
psychosocial facilitators (ICC = 0.0-0.5), p<.05, power = .80 and two-tailed tests, we would be 

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able to detect a small/medium effect for a study arm*time interaction effect using mixed 
modeling. 
 
We will use identical procedures to handle missing data, assess measure reliability, and inform 
covariate selection for social network data as we did for screening amd psychosocial facilitators. 
We will first conduct network visualization using Egonet.71 Network composition and density will 
be estimated from the first five names/alters women list, which has been documented as 
adequate and beneficial to minimize respondent burden during small field studies, such as this 
one.72 We will next import data into a standard statistical package73,74 and will conduct 
multivariable regressions or mixed modeling, depending on clustering (e.g., peers referred by 
peers), to examine study arm differences in Phase 3 outcomes. Based on power analyses for 
study arm differences among 150 Latinas in network outcomes, p<.05, power = .80 and two-
tailed tests, we would be able to detect a small effect in multivariable linear regression models 
(Cohen’s f2 = 0.05). 
 
For Phase 5, we will first quantify the difference in costs between education and empowerment 
programs. All costs will be calculated per participant and summed across cost categories and 
paying stakeholders (Community Based Organizations; Participants). We will also provide mean 
and standard deviation information for each cost category. To identify major cost drivers, 
sensitivity analyses will vary the costs of each input and measure the corresponding changes. 
Second, we will compute average cost-effectiveness ratios for each program in terms of every 
participant screened, 50-74 year old woman told about breast cancer screening, and additional 
woman (participant or non-participant) screened. Finally, we will compute an incremental cost-
effectiveness ratios to examine incremental costs for the empowerment intervention relative to 
the education intervention. For the simulation model, we will using program-specific outputs. We 
will first assess if simulated programs reached or exceeded HP2020 goals of 10% improvement 
in guideline-concordant screening (81.1%), stage at diagnosis (42.2 new cases per 100,000), 
and cancer mortality (20.7 deaths per 100,000). Second, we will calculate average 
cost/effectiveness (C/E) ratios for each program, defined as cumulative net cost divided by total 
life-years saved. C/E ratios will be compared to commonly accepted thresholds (e.g., $100,000 
per life-year gained). Finally, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) will be computed: 
(cumulative net costs for empowerment-cumulative net costs for no intervention)/(total life-years 
saved for education-total life-years saved for no intervention) and (cumulative net costs for 
education-cumulative net costs for no intervention)/ (total life-years saved for empowerment-
total life-years saved for no intervention). Finally, we will compare each program’s ICER. To 
identify the major costs and effects drivers, we will conduct one-way sensitivity analyses varying 
each input. We will also vary the % of non-adherent Latinas enrolled in the study (0-50%). 
 
For Phase 6, we will have two sets of analyses. For Phase 6a, we will conduct Generalized 
Estimating Equation models with main effects (Study arm, time) and interaction terms (study 
arm*time) for all outcomes, except for civic engagement intention, which was not measured at 
multiple time points. Based on power analyses to estimate the minimal detectable effect size for 
study arm differences among 100 Latinas (assuming maximum attrition, given current attrition 
rates) across nested surveys (ICC = 0.0-0.5), p <.05, power=0.80, and two-tailed tests, we 
would be able to detect a medium-sized effect for a study arm*time interaction effect. For civic 
engagement intention, we will conduct a logistic regression. We will cluster by cohort/group and 
adjust for demographic covariates in all models. For Phase 6b, we will assess the: 1) number 
and types of civic engagement and community development activities; 2) number of women who 
indicate interest; and, 3) number of women who attend. Secondary analyses include: 1) 

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describing the number and types of barriers to participation; and, 2) characterizing predictors to 
participation via bivariate regressions.   
 
10.0 
Quality Control and Quality Assurance 
 
The PI will ensure adherence with the protocol and for accuracy in relation to source 
documents.  Meetings with UIC students will be held regularly to ensure research study aims 
are being adhered. While Centro Comunitario Juan Diego and The Resurrection Project will be 
helping with recruitment, they will not be involved in administrative components of the research 
process, such as eligibility screening and obtaining consent. Further they will not have any 
access to data from this project. 
 
The PI is responsible for the evaluation of data quality and how frequently this will be done.   
 
 
11.0 
Data and Safety Monitoring 
 
Oversight of the progress and safety of the trial will be provided by the PI. Adverse events are 
not anticipated, but any occurring will be documented and reported according to UIC IRB 
policies and procedures. Study progress summary will be communicated to the IRB at the time 
of continuing review. 
 
 All participant information, including intervention development focus group audio-recordings 
and transcripts as well as the survey questionnaires, will be protected for confidentiality to the 
fullest extent possible. Dr. Molina will have a key to the office where data will be stored and will 
oversee all data management. The data will be stored on the UIC/SPH  R drive (R = 
Research) and the assigned folder will be locked down the folder and restricted access only for 
the PI and UIC study staff.  The School of Public health's secure network server will have Active 
Directory controlled access and BitLocker encryption.  
 
All individuals who handle the data will be required to sign a form that they agree to handle the 
data in a confidential matter. Further, Dr. Molina will ensure that all investigators involved with 
the project undergo training through a general information technology security awareness 
program offered through the SANS Institute (www.sans.org).  
 
With regard to the coded nature of the data, two master files will be created. The first will include 
identifiable elements, the participant identification code, the dates in which women have been 
contacted/interacted with staff (e.g., for screening; for scheduling; to participate in intervention 
sessions; for booster calls), coupon numbers assigned to them, and the number of individuals 
who have called with the coupon numbers assigned to them. This information will only be kept 
across the months in which the participant is enrolled in the study. For participants were in 
Cohort 1 (who completed participation before approved consent addendum), they will be 
contacted by phone up to 3 times with a script including consent addendum information to be 
given that information, wherein they can elect to be notified about future studies, if they are 
interested. If they are not interested, their data will be eliminated from this file. For cohorts 2-15, 
after the participant completes the final/third survey, her data will be eliminated from this file, if 
she chooses not to be contacted for future studies. If she chooses to be contacted for future 
studies, her information will be kept and it will be recorded that she has completed participation, 
but is willing to be contacted in the future. The file will be password-protected and stored within 

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a secured folder on The School of Public health's secure network server, which has an Active 
Directory controlled access and BitLocker encryption.  Only UIC-based study staff will have 
access to this file in terms of the password and the location.  
 
The second file will include the participant identification code and survey data, but will not have 
identifiable elements attached. This file will be kept in a separate location/folder within The 
School of Public health’s secure network server.   
 
Risk of access to participant computer-stored information will require simultaneous knowledge 
of data format, file name, password, and computer language. No individuals will be identified in 
any reports from the study. Confidentiality of participants will be protected in this project, in that 
their names and contact information will be kept in a separate file that has no connection to the 
identification codes used in questionnaires or anonymous transcripts. Transcripts, questionnaire 
and electronic medical record data will be coded and managed as separate files in a protected 
part of the computer network. Audio-recordings will be recommended in WAVE files. Transcripts 
will be saved as .pdf files. Personal health identifying (PHI) information will be saved in XML 
files. De-identified survey questionnaire data will be kept in standard statistical packages, 
including SPSS, SAS, and Stata. We will regularly make backups of data. No information will be 
released that could lead to identification of any participating individual. All files will be 
encrypted/password-protected. We will log dates when the data are handled.  
 
We will have regular study team meetings to discuss data handling issues. Any breaches in 
confidentiality or privacy will be promptly reported to the UIC IRB for review and action.  
 
12.1 
Statistical Considerations 
 
For Phase 1, 2, 4, and 7, sample sizes are within the recommended range to meet thematic 
saturation.[53,54]. For Phase 3, based on power analyses to estimate the minimal detectable 
effect of study arm differences among 150 Latinas on screening, p<.05, power = .80 and two-
tailed tests, we would be able to detect a medium/large effect in a logistic regression (OR = 2.8). 
Although more computationally complex, we propose to first use mixed modeling for analysis of 
psychosocial facilitators relative to Generalized Estimating Equations, given its advantages in 
handling missing data.68 Based on power analyses for study arm differences among 150 
Latinas in network outcomes, p<.05, power = .80 and two-tailed tests, we would be able to 
detect a small effect in multivariable linear regression models (Cohen’s f2 = 0.05). For Phase 5, 
our sample size is within the bounds of an exploratory cost-effectiveness analysis. Phase 6 is a 
pilot study. 
 
13.0 
Regulatory Requirements 
 
13.1 
Informed Consent  
 
Each study staff member will complete necessary IRB Research Subjects training prior to 
obtaining informed consent. 
 
Prior to the start of the group sessions, participants will be provided informed consent and 
asked to sign a written informed consent document if they wish to participate. 
 
Participants will be informed that the sessions will be recorded and will have the opportunity 
to withdraw if they do not want to be recorded.  
 
Informed Consent and other materials will be explained by UIC staff [Appendix P], who are 
native Spanish speakers and speak English fluently. 

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 
Signed consent forms, similar to other materials, will be scanned and shredded.  
 
After completion of the trial, informed consents and all other electronic materials will be 
destroyed. 
 
13.2 
Subject Confidentiality  
Study data will never be linked directly with participant names. The Call Log, which will be used 
for recruitment and scheduling and which has participant names and contact information will be 
kept in a password-protected computer in the PI’s office to which only the PI and UIC students 
will have access.  
 
All study data will be entered directly into the password-protected PI office computer.  
 
13.3 
Unanticipated Problems 
Procedures for reporting unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects and others and 
adverse events will comply with the UIC IRB guidelines; a prompt reporting form will be 
submitted to the IRB, and a copy will also be maintained in the study files.  

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