The Effect of Action Observation Training on Gait Variables and Global Cognitive Functions in Older Adult With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Phase: NA
Conditions: Mild Cognitive Impairment
Sponsor: Mahidol University

Study Protocol Summary 
Title: Effect of Action Observation Training on Gait Variables and Global Cognitive Functions 
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03522389 
Date of the document: 10 April 2018 
Brief Summary: 
This randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of Action Observation Training (AOT) 
combined with gait training on gait variables and global cognitive functions in older adults 
diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study compares outcomes among three 
groups: AOT with gait training, gait training alone, and a control group. 
Objectives: 
1. To compare gait variables and global cognitive functions across the three groups before 
training, after training, and at follow-up. 
2. To assess changes in gait and cognitive functions over time within each group. 
Study Design: 
Single-blind randomized controlled trial with participants blinded to group allocation. 
Participants: 
Thirty-nine older adults (aged 60–80) with MCI were recruited from Mahidol University 
Physical Therapy Center, Siriraj Hospital, and surrounding communities. Diagnosis based on 
criteria from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association. Inclusion and 
exclusion criteria apply. Informed consent was obtained prior to participation. 
Methods: 
• 
Participants were randomly assigned (stratified by age and education) into three groups: 
o Action Observation with Gait Training (AOGT) 

o Gait Training (GT) 
o Control group (no intervention) 
• 
Gait variables were measured using a Force Distribution Measurement platform during 
single-task and dual-task walking conditions. 
• 
Global cognitive function assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). 
• 
Assessments conducted at baseline (T1), after 4-week of training (T2), and at 1-month 
follow-up (T3). 
Intervention: 
AOGT and GT groups receive 12 sessions over 4 weeks, including video observation, warm-up, 
gait training, cool-down, and stretching. The control group receives dementia education only and 
continues usual activities. 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
Data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24, with statistical significance set at p 
< 0.05. Normality of data distribution will be assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. 
Given normally distributed data, parametric tests will be applied. 
A two-way mixed ANOVA will evaluate the effects of group (intervention) and time on outcome 
variables, including their interaction (group × time). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to 
assess within-group changes across the three time points. Additionally, one-way ANOVA was 
used to compare mean changes between groups