Language Translation of Knowledge Mobilization Resources: A Randomized Trial
Phase: NA
Conditions: Communication Research
Sponsor: University of Alberta

 
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Study Protocol 
Long Title: Language translation of knowledge mobilization resources: A randomized trial 
Short Title: Language translation of knowledge mobilization resources 
Trial registration: NCT ID not yet assigned 
Protocol Version 1 
Funding 
This project is funded in part by an Alberta Innovates Summer Studentship 
Roles and Responsibilities 
Principal Investigators: Dr. Lisa Hartling and Dr. Sarah Elliott 
Project Coordinators: Samantha Cyrkot, and Chelseay Robles 
Lay Summary  
Knowledge mobilization (KM) resources are tools designed to facilitate the use of research 
evidence in healthcare decision-making. These resources are created in various formats – 
including plain language summaries, infographics, and videos – to meet the needs of diverse end-
users, such as healthcare professionals, policymakers, patients, and caregivers. They are intended 
to be easily accessible; however, individuals whose first language is not English may have 
difficulty understanding them. Thus, translating KM resources into other languages is essential to 
support health equity and accessibility, but it is often costly and time intensive.  
This study aims to explore whether artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT - an 
AI-based large language model developed by OpenAI - can effectively translate KM resources 
for members of the public whose first language is not English. The resource being evaluated 
offers guidance on preventing post-COVID-19 condition and has already been translated by a 
professional (human) translator into seven languages commonly spoken in Canada: French, 
Spanish, Ukrainian, Tagalog, Arabic, Chinese, and Punjabi. Using ChatGPT, AI-generated 
translations will be created in those same seven languages.  
For this study, participants – adults living in Canada whose first language is one of the selected 
languages and able to read English – will be randomly assigned to review either an AI-generated 
or a professionally translated version of a KM resource. They will then complete a questionnaire 
evaluating their understanding of the resource, as well as the readability and acceptability of the 
translation. 
This study will contribute to our understanding of the potential use of AI for translating health 
information. Our goal is to support equitable access to health information and promote citizen-
centered care by reducing language barriers using innovative solutions. 
 

 
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Background and Rationale  
KM resources play a critical role in bridging the gap between research and practice in healthcare. 
Effective communication of this information is essential to ensure the uptake and implementation 
of research evidence and health recommendations by the public. 
Canada is home to a highly diverse population. According to the 2021 Canadian Census, 
immigrants make up 23% of the population and this figure is projected to increase to 29–34% by 
2041.2,3 In line with this trend, many Canadian households speak a language other than English 
or French at home. Over 13% of the national population primarily use a non-official language at 
home, and 21% of private households are multilingual (at least two languages are spoken within 
their households).4 In Alberta specifically, Tagalog (4%), Punjabi (3%), and Mandarin (2%) are 
among the most frequently spoken non-official languages.1 These three languages represent 
some of the key communities of interest for this project.  
Language proficiency remains a persistent challenge for many newcomers. According to the 
Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), 26% of new immigrants continued to 
report difficulties with English or French four years after arrival.5 Inadequate health 
communication stemming from language barriers can lead to poorer health outcomes, reduced 
satisfaction with care, and increased healthcare inequalities.6 High-quality translations of health 
materials are therefore essential to promoting equitable access to health information and helping 
reduce disparities in health outcomes. While professional translation services have long been the 
standard for producing linguistically accurate translated materials, they are often resource-
intensive, limiting the scalability and timeliness of current translation efforts. 
Recent advances in AI have generated interest in leveraging AI-powered tools to support the 
translation of health materials. AI has the potential for fast, scalable translation that could reduce 
costs and improve timely access to multilingual resources. Among the many AI translation tools, 
ChatGPT has emerged as a large language model with demonstrated strengths in semantic 
accuracy, fluency, and adaptability across multiple languages.7,8 Studies suggest that ChatGPT 
can produce translations that are comparable to human translators in many contexts, suggesting it 
generates natural, contextually appropriate language.9 Additionally, ChatGPT is publicly 
accessible, requiring only standard web access, lowering barriers for healthcare providers, 
organizations, and individuals seeking rapid, on-demand translation support. Its broad adoption 
has also resulted in a growing body of research on its capabilities, limitations, and applications in 
healthcare communication and beyond.7,10-12 These factors informed the decision to focus on 
ChatGPT for this study.  
Nevertheless, concerns remain regarding the ability of AI powered tools to navigate the cultural, 
contextual, and emotional nuances of language that are vital in healthcare communication. 
Translation extends beyond the literal meaning of words, its cultural nuances, contextual 
relevance, and the social and emotional connotations embedded in language.12 AI-generated 
translations may misrepresent meanings, overlook cultural sensitivities, or fail to convey the 
appropriate tone leading to controversial interpretations, consequences that could compromise 
trust and comprehension among end-users.13,14 To our knowledge, no controlled trials have yet 

 
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compared AI and professional translations specifically for KM resources aimed at the public. 
Empirical assessments of AI-generated translations are therefore essential for understanding its 
capabilities and limitations. 
By investigating professional versus AI-generated translation strategies, this study will provide 
critical insights into the potential role of AI in enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of 
health communication for linguistically diverse populations. Ultimately, the findings will inform 
future strategies for using innovative technologies to support equitable, multilingual access to 
healthcare information and contribute to the development of more inclusive health 
communication strategies in Canada. 
Objectives  
The overarching research question is: Can AI effectively translate KM resources for the public? 
For this study, the primary objective is to compare KM resources translated using an AI tool 
versus those translated by professional human translators. Specifically, we hypothesize that 
translations of KM resources produced by ChatGPT will be comparable to professional human 
translations in terms of understanding, readability, and acceptability. This study aims to inform 
and provide evidence for the implications of AI for communication of health information. 
Methods 
Patient and Public Involvement  
Members of the Pediatric Parent Advisory Group (P-PAG) will provide input throughout the 
study.15 They will give input on study design, assist with pilot testing data collection instruments, 
advise on recruitment strategies, and promote the study within their networks. They will assist 
with interpreting results and will critically contribute to developing and disseminating findings 
(e.g., plain language summary of results).   
Trial Design 
This study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1 allocation 
ratio) to receive either an AI-translated version or a professionally translated version of a KM 
resource. They will be asked to answer a set of questions about their understanding of the content 
of the resource, its readability and acceptability.  
Trial Setting 
The trial will be conducted entirely online. Participants will complete the study remotely using 
their own personal devices (e.g., computers or tablets) with internet access. All materials, 
including study link, instructions, and questionnaires, will be delivered electronically. 
Eligibility Criteria  
Inclusion Criteria 
• 18 years of age or older 
• Living in Canada 

 
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• First language is one of the selected languages (i.e. French, Spanish, Ukrainian, Tagalog, 
Arabic, Chinese, and Punjabi) 
• Able to read and complete a questionnaire in English 
• Access to an electronic device (e.g. computer or tablet), Internet and email 
Exclusion Criteria 
• Under the age of 18 years 
• Does not live in Canada 
• First language is not one of the selected languages (i.e. French, Spanish, Ukrainian, 
Tagalog, Arabic, Chinese, and Punjabi) 
• Unable to read and complete a questionnaire in English 
• No access to an electronic device (e.g. computer or tablet), Internet or email 
Intervention and Comparator  
Participants will be randomized to view a KM resource translated, either by AI (i.e., ChatGPT) 
or a professional (human) translator, into one of the selected languages. The KM resource (an 
online resource sheet) was developed by our group for the Public Health Agency of Canada 
about the prevention of post-covid condition (PCC). The resource presents recommendations that 
were developed by an international group according to standards for guideline development. The 
resource has already been professionally translated into French as well as six languages common 
to newcomers across Canada (Arabic, Punjabi, Ukrainian, Tagalog, Chinese, Spanish). The 
English-version of the KM resource is included in Appendix A and is available online 
(https://canpcc.ca/app/uploads/2025/03/Online-Resource-Sheet-GT1-Prevention-of-PCC-
Final.pdf). 
Outcomes 
The following outcomes will be used to evaluate the translated versions of the KM resource from 
multiple dimensions: knowledge acquisition (understanding), ease of text processing 
(readability), and confidence in the information (acceptability). 
The primary outcome will be: 
Understanding: Measured by participant responses to a set of 7 multiple-choice questions 
specifically designed to evaluate key content knowledge about post COVID-19 condition and 
related recommendations contained in the resource. The number of correct answers will serve as 
an objective indicator of understanding, assessing the ability of each translation method to 
preserve critical concepts. 
Secondary outcomes will be: 
Readability: assessing readability is critical because even an accurate word-for-word translation 
may fail to be effective if the participants find the text difficult to read or process. Evaluated 
using a 5-point Likert scale assessing clarity, grammar, ease of reading, and terminology, 
alongside additional open-ended questions identifying confusing or unfamiliar vocabulary. 

 
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Acceptability: evaluated through participants’ trust in the translation. This includes 5-point 
Likert-scale ratings of cultural and linguistic appropriateness, comfort in using the resource, and 
trust in the information presented. Participants will also indicate perceptions about the translation 
method (human or AI). Acceptability reveals participant confidence and willingness to use the 
KM resource, which are key determinants of successful health messaging and adherence to 
recommendations. 
A draft of the online survey questions is provided in Appendix B. 
Harms 
This study involves little to no risk to participants. Nevertheless, potential harms may include 
mild fatigue or frustration if participants find the text confusing or difficult to interpret. To 
minimize this, all materials will be pilot-tested for clarity and presented in a user-friendly format. 
Participants may withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. 
Participant timeline 
Participants in this study will be involved in a single-session conducted online. All data will be 
collected immediately after the participant has reviewed the assigned translation. Each 
participant will complete the study in approximately 10-15 minutes. No long-term follow-up is 
planned. 
Sample Size 
Due to the pilot nature of this study, we aim to recruit 50 participants per language group, with 
25 participants randomized to evaluate the AI-translated version and 25 assigned to evaluate the 
professionally translated version. With seven language groups, the total target sample size will 
be 350 participants. This sample size follows guidance for exploratory and pilot studies that 
require no formal sample size calculation. With 50 participants per language group, we will be 
able to provide estimates of potential differences while allowing us to explore variations by 
language. 
Recruitment  
Recruitment will begin once the study has received ethics approval. Potential participants will be 
recruited through a variety of online strategies to ensure broad and diverse enrollment across 
language groups. Recruitment efforts will include targeted electronic newsletters distributed via 
University of Alberta’s undergraduate and graduate student digests, as well as outreach to 
international student groups. Additionally, a recruitment email will be sent to our pre-established 
connections to interest-holder groups across Canada (e.g. OurKidsHealth, TREKK, Cochrane 
Canada) to inform them about the study and to ask them to share the study materials within their 
networks. This may also include asking them to share via traditional means of communication 
(e.g. e-newsletter, list serv). 
Potential participants (self-identified) will be able to access the study directly from the 
recruitment material by visiting the study link provided. The study recruitment materials will 

 
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also include email contact information (arche@ualberta.ca). If they email expressing interest in 
the study, the project coordinator will respond and provide a link to the study. The study link will 
include detailed instructions to complete the following: 
• Answer eligibility screening questions 
• Identify their first language 
• Review Study Information letter 
• Read KM resource to which they have been randomized (AI or professional translation in 
participant’s first language) 
• Complete the questionnaire including demographics and responses to questions regarding 
the KM resource 
Incentives: Participants will be compensated $5 CAD.  This incentive will come in the form of 
an electronic CAD gift card to the participant via Everything Gift Card. 
Recruitment will occur through publicly shared recruitment materials (e.g., email digests, 
electronic flyers, etc.) containing a study description and a link to the study. Interested 
individuals will self-identify as potentially eligible and access the study directly by clicking the 
link. Upon accessing the study link, participants will be presented with a brief set of screening 
questions to confirm eligibility. Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria will be 
automatically thanked for their interest and exited from the survey. At the end of the survey, 
personal information (first name and email) will be shared (if the participant chooses to do so) 
with the researchers on a separate form, unlinked to the survey responses, for the purposes of gift 
card distribution. Information collected will be housed separately from the study data in the Gift 
Card Log. 
Randomization and Blinding 
Participants will be stratified by their first language then randomly assigned (1:1 allocation ratio) 
to one of two groups: the AI-translated KM resource or the professionally translated version. 
Randomization will be performed at the individual participant level using a computer-generated 
random allocation sequence to ensure unbiased group assignment.  
Participants will be blinded to the type of translation they receive. They will be informed that the 
study compares different translation methods but will not be told whether the materials they view 
were translated by AI or by professional translators.  
Data Collection and Management  
Data will be collected and managed using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). 
REDCap has an extensive privacy policy (https://help.redcap.ualberta.ca/policy-
procedure/privacy) that has been reviewed by the study team and determined suitable for this 
study, and has been previously approved for research use at the University of Alberta. Data will 
be downloaded regularly and stored long-term on a secure server in the PI's faculty (Faculty of 
Medicine & Dentistry) at the University of Alberta. Upon completion of the study, the data will 
be archived on the Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry server. The Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry 

 
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has secure network drives accessible by network linked, password-protected computers and the 
data will not be accessible to anyone outside of the research team. Identifiable electronic data 
(e.g., Gift card records) will be deleted at time of study completion. De-identified (anonymous) 
electronic data (questionnaire data) will be kept for 5 years. Participants’ email addresses and 
first names will be collected for purposes of sending the electronic gift card. No hard copies of 
the data files will be stored.  
Statistical Methods  
We will collect demographic data (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, education level, country of birth, 
health literacy, and proficiency in languages spoken) to describe our study population. We will 
use descriptive statistics (numbers, frequencies, means with standard deviations) to analyze and 
present demographic data. We will determine overall understanding by calculating a score 
(ranging from 0 to 7) for each participant based on the number of questions answered correctly. 
We will calculate a mean score for each group and compare groups (professional vs. AI 
translation) using a two-sample t-test assuming equal variances. Other outcomes will be 
compared between groups using independent t-test or chi squared tests dependent on the type of 
data (i.e., continuous or categorical). Statistical uncertainties will be expressed with 95% 
confidence intervals; p<0.05 will indicate statistical significance. Analyses will be conducted 
based on intention-to-treat, i.e., all available data will be included and we will not know whether 
or the extent to which participants read the translated version of the KM tool. 
Data monitoring and committee  
Not applicable to this study. 
Trial monitoring  
No on-site monitoring is planned, as all data collection and oversight will occur remotely. The 
study coordinator and research team will review REDCap data weekly and data will be 
downloaded regularly (e.g., weekly) for quality control, cleaning and analysis. This data will be 
stored securely on an encrypted network drive at the University of Alberta, accessed via a 
password protected computer. Measures like adding a captcha will be used to prevent fraudulent 
entries. Recruitment and completion rates will also be monitored to inform outreach/recruitment 
strategies.  
Ethics  
Research Ethics Approval 
Prior to the start of this trial, ethics approval will be sought from the University of Alberta’s 
Health Research Ethics Board (REB). The study protocol, recruitment documents, and all 
participant materials will be submitted for review to ensure compliance with ethical standards 
and regulatory requirements. No participant recruitment or data collection will begin until formal 
approval has been obtained. 
Protocol Amendments 

 
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The Principal Investigator (PI) will have authority regarding protocol amendments. Changes, 
including those affecting participant safety, study conduct, or data integrity, will be promptly 
communicated to the REB, trial registries, and all relevant interest-holders. Updated protocol 
versions will be documented accordingly. 
Informed Consent 
Participants will receive comprehensive information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, 
risks, benefits, confidentiality measures, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any 
time without penalty. Consent will be obtained through implied consent by overt action. We will 
notify each participant that by clicking the link to complete the screening questions, reviewing 
the Study Information Letter, and completing the questionnaire, will mean that they provide 
implied consent by overt action to participate in the study. Participants will be able to download 
a copy of the full Study Information Letter for their own records. 
Confidentiality 
This study is designed to maintain participant anonymity and confidentiality at all times. 
Participants will not be asked to provide any identifying information as part of the survey itself, 
therefore, survey responses will remain anonymous. All data will be collected through a secure 
online platform and stored on password-protected systems accessible only to the research team. 
Although complete anonymity is intended, participants will be informed that confidentiality 
cannot be absolutely guaranteed due to the nature of internet-based data collection (e.g., 
theoretical risks related to platform security). However, no identifying information will be 
collected unless a participant voluntarily provides it (e.g., to receive a gift card), in which case 
this information will be stored separately from survey responses. 
Ancillary and Post-Trial Care 
Although this trial involves minimal risk to participants, any concerns or adverse effects 
identified during the study will be addressed promptly. Participants will be provided with contact 
information for the study team to report any issues.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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References  
1. Statistics Canada. Census of Population. Immigrant population by non-official language 
spoken most often at home, Alberta. 221. 
2. Statistics Canada. Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 
years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians [Internet]. Statistics Canada. 
Government of Canada; 2022 [cited 2025 Jun]. Available from: 
https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/dq221026a-eng.htm  
3. Government of Canada. The Daily - Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population 
with greater differences between regions [Internet]. www150.statcan.gc.ca. 2022 [cited 
2025 Jun]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-
quotidien/220908/dq220908a-eng.htm  
4. Government of Canada SC. Multilingualism of Canadian households [Internet]. 
www12.statcan.gc.ca. 2023 [cited 2025 Jun]. Available from: 
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/as-sa/98-200-X/2021014/98-200-
X2021014-eng.cfm 
5. Schellenberg G, Maheux H. Canadian Social Trends, Special Edition 2007. Ottawa, ON: 
Statistics Canada; 2007. [Accessed 2007 October 4]. Immigrants’ perspectives on their 
first four years in Canada: highlights from three waves of the longitudinal survey of 
immigrants to Canada. Available from: http://dsp-
psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/collection_2007/statcan/11-008-X/11-008-XIE20070009627.pdf 
6. Whitaker KL, Krystallidou D, Williams ED, Black G, Vindrola-Padros C, Braun S, et al. 
Addressing language as a barrier to healthcare access and quality. British Journal of 
General Practice [Internet]. 2022 Jan;72(714):4–5. Available from: 
https://bjgp.org/content/72/714/4  
7. Genovese A, Sahar B, Gomez-Cabello CA, Haider SA, Srinivasagam P, Forte AJ, et al. 
Artificial intelligence in clinical settings: a systematic review of its role in language 
translation and interpretation. Annals of Translational Medicine [Internet]. 2024 Dec 
1;12(6):117–7. Available from: https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/132363/html  
8. Grimm DR, Lee YJ, Hu K, Liu L, Garcia O, Balakrishnan K, et al. The utility of 
ChatGPT as a generative medical translator. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-
Laryngology. 2024 May 5; Available from: 
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00405-024-08708-8.pdf  
9. Rao P, McGee LM, Seideman CA. A Comparative assessment of ChatGPT vs. Google 
Translate for the translation of patient instructions. Journal of Medical Artificial 
Intelligence. 2024 Jun;7:11–1. Available from: 
https://cdn.amegroups.cn/journals/jlpm/files/journals/33/articles/9019/public/9019-PB1-
7668-R1.pdf  
10. Meddeb A, Lüken S, Busch F, Adams L, Ugga L, Koltsakis E, et al. Large Language 
Model Ability to Translate CT and MRI Free-Text Radiology Reports Into Multiple 
Languages. Radiology. 2024 Dec 1;313(3). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.241736  

 
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11. Garcia OA, Charat Thongprayoon, Jadlowiec CC, Mao SA, Napat Leeaphorn, Pooja 
Budhiraja, et al. Advancing health equity: evaluating AI translations of kidney donor 
information for Spanish speakers. Frontiers in Public Health. 2025 Jan 27;13. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1484790  
12. Moneus AM, Sahari Y. Artificial intelligence and human translation: A contrastive study 
based on legal texts. Heliyon [Internet]. 2024 Mar 30;10(6):e28106. Available from: 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024041379#abs0010  
13.  Kreienbrinck A, Hanft-Robert S, Forray AI, Nozewu A, Mösko M. Usability of 
technological tools to overcome language barriers in healthcare– a scoping review. 
Archives of Public Health. 2025 Feb 25;83(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-
079814  
14. Moy S, Irannejad M, Manning SJ, Farahani M, Ahmed Y, Gao E, et al. Patient 
Perspectives on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: A Scoping Review. 
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews [Internet]. 2024 Apr 2;11(1):51–62. 
Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11000703/  
15. Hartling L, Elliott SA, Buckreus K, Leung J, Scott SD. Development and evaluation of a 
parent advisory group to inform a research program for knowledge translation in child 
health. Research Involvement and Engagement. 2021 Jun 7;7(1). 
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-021-00280-3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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Appendix A – KM online resource sheet 

 
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Appendix B – Summary of outcomes and draft questions for online surveys 

 
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Outcomes 
Scoring 
Understanding (i.e., comprehension of the information 
contained in the infographic) 
Percentage of correct answers 
(0-7) 
1. What is post COVID-19 condition (PCC)? 
a) A condition that resolves within two weeks of 
infection 
b) A condition with ongoing symptoms for at 
least two months after COVID-19 infection 
c) A condition caused by an allergic reaction to 
COVID-19 vaccines 
d) A condition only affecting individuals who were 
hospitalized due to complications of COVID-19 
e) I’m not sure 
 
2. Which of the following is recommended to prevent a 
COVID-19 infection and reduce the risk of PCC?  
a) Avoiding crowded outdoor areas 
b) Taking vitamin supplements daily 
c) Wearing a well-fitted face mask 
d) Taking over-the-counter medications after 
exposure 
e) I’m not sure 
 
3. What does a conditional recommendation mean? 
a) A recommendation only supported by strong 
evidence and should be followed by most people 
when making health decisions 
b) A recommendation that only applies during 
specific situations, such as public health 
lockdowns or restrictions 
c) A recommendation that only applies to certain 
provinces in Canada, depending on local 
healthcare policies and needs 
d) A recommendation that people may follow, 
but they might want to consult a healthcare 
provider before making decisions 
e) I’m not sure 
 
4. The resource mentions that all numbered 
recommendations are based on low to very low 
certainty of evidence. What does this mean? 
a) The recommendations are not evidence-based 
and should not be followed at this time 
b) The information has not been fully reviewed or 
confirmed by experts 
 

 
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c) The recommendations are useful, but they 
may change based on future research 
d) The recommendations are not meant to be 
followed 
e) I’m not sure 
 
5. Based on the resource, which of the following is true 
about the group that developed the 
recommendations? 
a) It included people with lived experience, 
healthcare providers, researchers, and 
economists 
b) It was developed based on responses from public 
polling and surveys 
c) It was led entirely by academic researchers, 
public health officials, and policymakers outside 
Canada 
d) It included only public health officials from 
provincial governments 
e) I’m not sure 
 
6. According to the resource, why might someone with 
no COVID-19 symptoms still consider using a 
mouthwash rinse (excluding chlorhexidine)? 
a) To reduce bacteria in the mouth that may cause 
dental problems over time 
b) To follow a recommendation issued by public 
health authorities across country 
c) To reduce the chance of becoming infected 
with COVID-19 and possibly prevent PCC 
d) To relieve throat discomfort that may be caused 
by COVID-19 infection 
e) I’m not sure 
 
7. What was NOT considered in the guideline when 
recommending mask types? 
a) The difference between respirators and surgical 
masks 
b) The benefit of N95/KN95 respirators 
c) The role of public mask-wearing in preventing 
PCC 
d) The use of cloth masks 
e) I’m not sure 
 
 

 
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Readability (i.e., is it easy to read and process) 
5-point Likert scale: 5 
‘strongly agree’, 3 ‘neither 
agree or disagree’, 1 ‘strongly 
disagree’ 
Open comment boxes 
Likert Scale Statements 
1) The resource was easy to read. 
2) The language used in the resource was easy to 
understand. 
3) The sentences and grammar used in the resource 
made sense to me. 
4) I had no trouble following the main ideas in the 
resource. 
5) The text used in the resource flowed well. 
 
Please elaborate on your answers (text box) 
 
Open-ended questions 
1. Is there any strange or unfamiliar vocabulary? Please 
list any words or phrases in the resource that were 
difficult to understand. (text box) 
2. Was any part of the translation confusing or unclear? 
Please write down any suggestions to improve the 
clarity or wording of the translation? (text box) 
 
Method of Translation and Acceptability 
5-point Likert scale: 5 
‘strongly agree’, 3 ‘neither 
agree or disagree’, 1 ‘strongly 
disagree’ 
Multiple choice – single 
answer 
Open comment boxes 
Likert Scale Statements 
1) The translation was appropriate for my cultural and 
linguistic background. 
2) I understood the recommendations provided in the 
resource. 
3) I feel comfortable using this resource for health 
information. 
4) I trust the information provided in this resource. 
Please elaborate on your answers (text box) 
 
Single Answer 
1. Do you think this resource was translated by: 
a. A professional human translator? 
b. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool (such as 
ChatGPT or Google Translate)? 
 

 
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2. Please explain your answer in question 5. (text box) 
 
3. Does knowing whether the translation was done by a 
human or artificial intelligence (AI) affect your trust 
in the resource? 
a. Yes, I would trust a human translator more 
b. Yes, I would trust an AI translator more 
c. No, I do not trust AI 
d. No, the source does not affect my trust 
e. I’m not sure 
4. Please explain your answer in question 7. (text box) 
 
5. Was the translation acceptable to you as a version to 
share public health information? 
a. Yes 
b. No 
c. I’m not sure  
 
6. Please explain your answer in question 9. (text box) 
 
7. Would you prefer to read this resource in English 
instead of your first language? 
a. Yes 
b. No 
 
8. Please explain your answer in question 11. (text box) 
 
9. Is there anything else you would like to share with us 
about the resource or the translation? (text box)