The Effect of Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp. Bulgaricus on Human's Weight Reduction
Phase: NA
Conditions: Overweight and Obesity
Sponsor: China Medical University Hospital

 
 
 
 
 
Protocol CMUH110‐REC2‐070  
 
 
The Effect of Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp. 
Bulgaricus on Humanʹs Weight Reduction 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Document type: Study Protocol with Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) 
Version number 02  
Document status: Final report 
Release date 03‐Feb‐2023 
Author: 1234567                                         89 
Number of pages: 28 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
2/28 
 
 
Table of contents 
Table of contents .......................................................................................................... 2 
Background .................................................................................................................. 3 
Methods and Design ..................................................................................................... 4 
Results .......................................................................................................................... 7 
Appendix ....................................................................................................................14 
 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
3/28 
 
 
Background 
In recent years, probiotic supplements have become increasingly popular in daily life 
for preventing diarrhea, easing vaginal and urinary infections, or preventing autoimmune 
diseases [1–3]. Probiotics cause the formation of a properly balanced gut bacterial popula‐
tion, with balance between pathogens and the bacteria necessary for normal functioning of 
the organism, and may improve immune system function and nutrient absorption. Recently, 
the gut microbiota was found to be involved in various metabolic pathways and energy 
balance regulation [4, 5]. The composition of the gut microbiota differs between obese and 
normal weight individuals [6, 7]. Dietary alteration of the gut microbiome is a target for 
treating obesity [8]. However, clinical trials examining the influence of probiotics on obesity‐
related factors have yielded inconsistent outcomes. Some studies have demonstrated weight 
loss in participants supplemented with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, even while maintaining 
their normal diet and lifestyle over the studyʹs duration [9,10]. In a 12‐week trial, partici‐
pants consuming L. gasseri experienced significant reductions in visceral fat, body mass in‐
dex, waist and hip circumference, and body fat mass compared to the control group [11]. 
Conversely, another trial involving L. rhamnosus supplementation alongside an energy‐re‐
stricted diet did not significantly impact weight loss in all participants but showed a reduc‐
tion in weight in females [12]. Systematic review, encompassing 19 randomized trials with 
1,412 participants, revealed diverse outcomes [13]. Some studies report significant decreases 
in body weight and/or body fat with probiotics, while others indicate no effect or even in‐
creased body weight. It suggests that specific probiotics have the potential to serve as health 
supplements for treating or preventing obesity and overweight.  
Lactobacillus is a type of lactic acid bacterium commonly found in the human gastroin‐
testinal tract and in fermented dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, and kefir [14]. The 
isolation of specific probiotic strains for targeted application is a strategy for improving the 
efficacy of probiotic supplements. Some species of Lactobacillus, such as L. gasseri and L. 
rhamnosus, have been evaluated for inducing weight loss [15]. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. 
bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) is one of the most common lactobacilli starters used in the manu‐
facture of a large variety of fermented milk products. L. bulgaricus is reported to exhibit an 
outstanding inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro and effectively managed 
the fat and weight accumulation and reversed the increased blood lipid, sugar, and insulin 
levels caused by a high‐fat diet in mice [16]. Our hypothesis posits that L. bulgaricus can 
contribute to the reduction of body weight and alleviate health risk factors associated with 
obesity in overweight individuals. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the ef‐
fectiveness  of  daily  L.  bulgaricus  supplementation  in  weight  management  among  over‐
weight participants. The primary goal is to evaluate its impact on lowering body weight and 
addressing health risk factors related to obesity, including blood lipid levels, sugar regula‐
tion, and insulin levels. 
 
 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
4/28 
 
 
Methods and Design 
Participants: 
The participants were recruited from the patients of Endocrinology and Metabolism 
Department at China Medical University Hospital, followed by the verification of inclusion 
and exclusion criteria through interviews. The inclusion criteria comprised: (1) age ≥ 20 
years old; (2) overweight (BMI ≥ 23) or body fat percentage ≥ 25% for males and ≥ 30% for 
females; (3) having any of the following risk factors: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 
(ASCVD), type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 45 years for males, ≥ 55 years for females or postmenopausal, 
hypertension,  dyslipidemia  (total  cholesterol(CHOL)  >  200  mg/dL  or  low‐density 
lipoprotein  cholesterol  (LDL‐C)  >  130  mg/dL  or  triglycerides  (TG)  >  130  mg/dL),  high‐
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) < 40 mg/dL; (4) if routinely taking medication for 
lowering  blood  glucose,  blood  pressure,  or  lipid  levels,  there  should  not  be  significant 
dosage changes within the past three months; (5) being willing to participate after receiving 
an explanation from the physician, completing the trial plan, and signing the consent form. 
The  exclusion  criteria  included:  (1)  history  of  diabetic  ketoacidosis;  (2)  medical  records 
indicating the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease, acute myocardial infarction, coronary 
artery bypass surgery, placement of coronary artery stents, or peripheral vascular disease 
within the last 6 months; (3) occurrence of acute infectious diseases within the last month 
and antibiotic use for > 7 days; (4) short‐term use of steroids, NSAIDs, immunosuppressive 
drugs,  interferons,  immunomodulators,  or  any  changes  in  the  dose  of  long‐term 
medications within the last month; (5) use of any weight‐loss drugs in the last three months 
(including Orlistat, Lorcaserin, liraglutide); (6) history of any cancer or undergoing cancer 
treatment in the past 5 years; (7) abnormal liver function (GOT or GPT greater than 3 times 
the  normal  upper  limit)  or  liver  cirrhosis;  (8)  impaired  kidney  function  (eGFR  <  30 
mL/min/1.73 m2); (9) history of alcohol abuse; (10) participation in any other interventional 
clinical research within the last month; (11) pregnant and breastfeeding women; (12) history 
of allergy to the investigational product; (13) participants deemed unsuitable for inclusion 
by the principal investigator. 
 
Study Design and Intervention: 
Enrolled participants were randomly divided into probiotics group or placebo group. 
Seventeen  and  19  participants  were  respectively  assigned  to  the  placebo  group  and  the 
probiotics group. The probiotics we used were in the form of 100mg L. bulgaricus powder 
packets, each containing 1x10^8 CFU of probiotics (TCI CO., Taipei, Taiwan). Initially (day 
1), participants underwent measurements for weight, body fat, and BMI, and fasting blood 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
5/28 
 
 
samples  were  collected.  Subsequently,  each  participant  received  one  package  of  either 
probiotic or a placebo sample, along with drinking water on the same day. From that point 
onward, participants self‐administered one package of the sample daily for 12 weeks and 
the participantsʹ sample consumption and physical conditions were tracked by the research 
assistants weekly. Throughout the study duration, participants maintained their regular 
diet and lifestyle. At the endpoint (day 84), weight, body fat, and BMI were measured, and 
fasting  blood  samples  were  collected  again.  Weight  and  body  fat  were  measured  with 
Karada  Scan  216  (OMRON,  Kyoto,  Japan).  Alanine  aminotransferase  (ALT),  aspartate 
aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), CHOL, HDL‐C, LDL‐
C, TG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and Glucose‐Ante Cibum (Glu‐AC) levels were analyzed 
and reported by Laboratory Medicine in Chinese Medical University Hospital (Taichung, 
Taiwan). Data were expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical 
significance between groups were done by student paired t‐test or Mann‐Whitney test. P‐
values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. 
 
Data Analysis: 
The statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPadʹs unpaired independent samples t‐
test, with significance set at *P<0.05. 
 
Flow Diagram of the study: 
 
 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
6/28 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 1: Analysis of Baseline Values of the Participants 
 
 
 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
7/28 
 
 
Results 
 
 
Figure 1: Changes in Body Composition 
Placebo  represents  the  placebo  control  group,  and  Probiotics  represents  the  probiotics 
experimental group. The changes in body weight (A), body fat (B), and BMI (C) before and 
after consumption were calculated and expressed as a percentage of the initial values. No 
significant differences were observed between the two groups. 
 
 
Figure 2: Changes in Blood Sugar Indices 
Placebo  represents  the  placebo  control  group,  and  Probiotics  represents  the  probiotics 
experimental  group.  The  changes  in  fasting  blood  glucose  (GLU‐AC)  before  and  after 
sample  consumption  (A)  and  changes  in  glycated  hemoglobin  (HbA1c)  expressed  as  a 
percentage of the initial values (B) were calculated. No significant differences were observed 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
8/28 
 
 
between the two groups. 
 
 
 
 
Figure 3: Changes in Blood Lipids 
Placebo  represents  the  placebo  control  group,  and  Probiotics  represents  the  probiotics 
experimental group. The changes in total cholesterol (CHOL) (A), triglycerides (TG) (B), 
high‐density  lipoprotein  cholesterol  (HDL)  (C),  and  low‐density  lipoprotein  cholesterol 
(LDL‐C)  (D)  before  and  after  sample  consumption  were  calculated.  No  significant 
differences  were  observed  between  the  two  groups.  In  the  probiotics  group,  65%  of 
participants showed a decrease in TG concentration, while the placebo group had a decrease 
rate of 18%. 
 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
9/28 
 
 
 
Figure 4: Changes in Liver and Kidney Function 
Placebo  represents  the  placebo  control  group,  and  Probiotics  represents  the  probiotics 
experimental group. The changes in liver function indicators, aspartate aminotransferase 
(AST) (A) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (B), as well as kidney function indicators, 
creatinine  (CRE)  (C)  and  blood  urea  nitrogen  (BUN)  (D),  before  and  after  sample 
consumption were calculated. No significant differences were observed between the two 
groups. 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
10/28 
 
 
 Table 2: Comparative Analysis of Blood Biochemical Indices Before and After the Experiment and 
Changes Before and After 
Variables 
  
Probiotics  
  
Placebo  
  
  
  
  
Mean ± SEM 
  
Mean ± SEM 
  
P‐valueb
ALT (U/L) 
Pre 
32.00 ± 4.495 
 
31.00  ± 6.454 
 
0.9897 
 
Post 
28.12 ± 4.853 
 
37.69  ± 7.946 
 
0.7713 
 
Change 
‐3.882 ± 3.461 
 
6.692  ± 6.747 
 
0.5075 
  
P‐valuea 
0.2462 
  
0.3799 
  
  
AST (U/L) 
Pre 
24.31 ± 1.886 
 
22.38  ± 3.054 
 
0.3909 
 
Post 
22.44 ± 2.238 
 
25.85  ± 4.366 
 
0.9053 
 
Change 
‐1.875 ± 1.530 
 
3.462  ± 2.043 
 
0.34 
  
P‐valuea 
0.0708 
  
0.1367 
  
  
BUN (mg/dL) 
Pre 
13.82 ± 0.6765 
 
13.17  ± 0.8242 
 
0.9267 
 
Post 
12.88 ± 0.8985 
 
12.67 ± 0.7914 
 
0.9694 
 
Change 
‐0.6250 ± 0.7465 
 
‐0.5000 ± 0.8118 
 
>0.999 
  
P‐valuea 
0.5256 
  
0.6504 
  
  
CRE (mg/dL) 
Pre 
0.8241 ± 0.03584 
 
0.7962 ± 0.0443 
 
0.907 
 
Post 
0.8775 ± 0.04979 
 
0.7915 ± 0.04273 
0.6543 
 
Change 
0.0475 ± 0.02713 
 
‐0.004615 ± 0.02087 
0.34 
  
P‐valuea 
0.0535 
  
0.8262 
  
  
CHOL (mg/dL) 
Pre 
200.7 ± 10.33 
 
186.9 ± 11.49 
 
0.67 
 
Post 
204.6 ± 12.42 
 
186.3 ± 10.20 
 
0.0719 
 
Change 
3.882 ± 7.086 
 
‐0.6154 ± 3.852 
 
0.5075 
  
P‐valuea 
0.6526 
  
0.8535 
  
  
Glu‐AC (mg/dL)  Pre 
109.3 ± 7.834 
 
91.77 ± 4.590 
 
0.3871 
 
Post 
100.7 ± 9.383 
 
91.69 ± 6.466 
 
0.5854 
 
Change 
1.389 ± 2.332 
 
‐0.07692 ± 2.962 
 
0.7803 
  
P‐valuea 
0.6183 
  
0.6846 
  
  
HbA1c (%) 
Pre 
6.124 ± 0.2559 
 
5.800 ± 0.2295 
 
0.8619 
 
Post 
6.407 ± 0.3149 
 
5.931 ± 0.3175 
 
0.6367 
 
Change 
0.2067 ± 0.05893 
 
0.1308 ± 0.09765 
0.4821 
  
P‐valuea 
0.0029 
  
0.2061 
  
  
HDL‐C (mg/dL)  Pre 
48.55 ± 3.820 
 
46.82 ± 1.613 
 
0.3643 
 
Post 
47.38 ± 3.125 
 
46.43 ± 1.798 
 
0.4656 
 
Change 
‐0.0125  ± 1.362 
 
‐0.3923 ± 1.590 
 
0.9872 
  
P‐valuea 
0.4037 
  
0.7227 
  
  
LDL‐C (mg/dL) 
Pre 
113.0  ± 7.399 
 
122.8 ± 12.17 
 
0.4531 
 
Post 
119.0  ± 5.992 
 
112.4 ± 8.306 
 
0.5874 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
11/28 
 
 
 
Change 
6.012  ± 4.366 
 
‐12.04 ± 6.323 
 
0.0946 
  
P‐valuea 
0.4586 
  
0.0923 
  
  
TG (mg/dL) 
Pre 
220.9  ± 42.18 
 
139.6 ± 14.47 
 
0.5469 
 
Post 
199.9  ± 40.46 
 
177.4 ± 36.55 
 
0.907 
 
Change 
‐21.00  ± 11.61 
 
37.77 ± 34.12 
 
0.0555 
  
P‐valuea 
0.1075 
  
0.1577 
  
  
P‐valuea paired t‐test (Pre and Post groups) 
P‐valueb unpaired t‐test (Probiotics and Placebo groups)  
 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
12/28 
 
 
 
Figure 5: Changes in Lipids Carried by Serum Lipoproteins 
Placebo  represents  the  placebo  control  group,  and  Probiotics  represents  the  probiotics 
experimental  group.  Individual  comparisons  of  changes  in  lipids  carried  by  serum 
lipoproteins before and after sample consumption are depicted. The size of the points in the 
scatter plot (‐log10 p values) and the color (log2 fold change denoted as log2FC, with red 
indicating positive correlation changes and blue indicating negative correlation changes) 
are used to distinguish between inter‐group differences and trends.Serum very low‐density 
lipoprotein  (VLDL),  low‐density  lipoprotein  (LDL),  and  high‐density  lipoprotein  (HDL) 
have the ability to carry cholesterol (Chol), lipids, cholesterol esters (CE), and triglycerides 
(TG) individually. The experimental data indicate that probiotics upregulate the content of 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
13/28 
 
 
lipids  carried  by  HDL  (Chol:Lipid  and  CE:Lipid).  Simultaneously,  there  is  a  significant 
decrease in the total amount of lipids carried by VLDL (L‐VLDL, XL‐VLDL, XXL‐VLDL). 
Additionally, there is a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) carried by both VLDL and 
HDL. 

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
14/28 
 
 
 
 
Appendix 
Figure 5: Extracted Meaningful Components from Metabolomic Analysis Results, Other 
Results Provided in the Appendix。 
 
Table 3: List of Name Abbreviations and Units 
Excel column name
Biomarker name
Unit
Total-C
Total cholesterol
mmol/l
non-HDL-C
Total cholesterol minus HDL-C
mmol/l
Remnant-C
Remnant cholesterol (non-HDL, non-LDL -cholesterol)
mmol/l
VLDL-C
VLDL cholesterol
mmol/l
Clinical LDL-C
Clinical LDL cholesterol
mmol/l
LDL-C
LDL cholesterol
mmol/l
HDL-C
HDL cholesterol
mmol/l
Total-TG
Total triglycerides
mmol/l
VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in VLDL
mmol/l
LDL-TG
Triglycerides in LDL
mmol/l
HDL-TG
Triglycerides in HDL
mmol/l
Total-PL
Total phospholipids in lipoprotein particles
mmol/l
VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in VLDL
mmol/l
LDL-PL
Phospholipids in LDL
mmol/l
HDL-PL
Phospholipids in HDL
mmol/l
Total-CE
Total esterified cholesterol
mmol/l
VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in VLDL
mmol/l
LDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in LDL
mmol/l
HDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in HDL
mmol/l
Total-FC
Total free cholesterol
mmol/l
VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in VLDL
mmol/l
LDL-FC
Free cholesterol in LDL
mmol/l
HDL-FC
Free cholesterol in HDL
mmol/l
Total-L
Total lipids in lipoprotein particles
mmol/l
VLDL-L
Total lipids in VLDL
mmol/l
LDL-L
Total lipids in LDL
mmol/l
HDL-L
Total lipids in HDL
mmol/l
Total-P
Total concentration of lipoprotein particles
mmol/l
VLDL-P
Concentration of VLDL particles
mmol/l
LDL-P
Concentration of LDL particles
mmol/l
HDL-P
Concentration of HDL particles
mmol/l
VLDL size
Average diameter for VLDL particles
nm
LDL size
Average diameter for LDL particles
nm
HDL size
Average diameter for HDL particles
nm
Phosphoglyc
Phosphoglycerides
mmol/l

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
15/28 
 
 
 
 
 
TG/PG
Ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides
ratio
Cholines
Total cholines
mmol/l
Phosphatidylc
Phosphatidylcholines
mmol/l
Sphingomyelins
Sphingomyelins
mmol/l
ApoB
Apolipoprotein B
g/l
ApoA1
Apolipoprotein A1
g/l
ApoB/ApoA1
Ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1
ratio
Total-FA
Total fatty acids
mmol/l
Unsaturation
Degree of unsaturation
degree
Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids
mmol/l
Omega-6
Omega-6 fatty acids
mmol/l
PUFA
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
mmol/l
MUFA
Monounsaturated fatty acids
mmol/l
SFA
Saturated fatty acids
mmol/l
LA
Linoleic acid
mmol/l
DHA
Docosahexaenoic acid
mmol/l
Omega-3 %
Ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Omega-6 %
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
PUFA %
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
MUFA %
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
SFA %
Ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
LA %
Ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids
%
DHA %
Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids
%
PUFA/MUFA
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids
ratio
Omega-6/Omega-3
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids
ratio
Ala
Alanine
mmol/l
Gln
Glutamine
mmol/l
Gly
Glycine
mmol/l
His
Histidine
mmol/l
Total BCAA
Total concentration of branched-chain amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine)
mmol/l
Ile
Isoleucine
mmol/l
Leu
Leucine
mmol/l
Val
Valine
mmol/l
Phe
Phenylalanine
mmol/l
Tyr
Tyrosine
mmol/l
Glucose
Glucose
mmol/l
Lactate
Lactate
mmol/l
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
mmol/l
Citrate
Citrate
mmol/l
Glycerol
Glycerol
mmol/l
bOHbutyrate
3-Hydroxybutyrate
mmol/l
Acetate
Acetate
mmol/l
Acetoacetate
Acetoacetate
mmol/l
Acetone
Acetone
mmol/l
Creatinine
Creatinine
μmol/l

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
16/28 
 
 
 
Albumin
Albumin
g/l
GlycA
Glycoprotein acetyls
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-P
Concentration of chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-L
Total lipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-C
Cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-P
Concentration of very large VLDL particles
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-L
Total lipids in very large VLDL
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in very large VLDL
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-C
Cholesterol in very large VLDL
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in very large VLDL
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in very large VLDL
mmol/l
XL-VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in very large VLDL
mmol/l
L-VLDL-P
Concentration of large VLDL particles
mmol/l
L-VLDL-L
Total lipids in large VLDL
mmol/l
L-VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in large VLDL
mmol/l
L-VLDL-C
Cholesterol in large VLDL
mmol/l
L-VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in large VLDL
mmol/l
L-VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in large VLDL
mmol/l
L-VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in large VLDL
mmol/l
M-VLDL-P
Concentration of medium VLDL particles
mmol/l
M-VLDL-L
Total lipids in medium VLDL
mmol/l
M-VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in medium VLDL
mmol/l
M-VLDL-C
Cholesterol in medium VLDL
mmol/l
M-VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in medium VLDL
mmol/l
M-VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in medium VLDL
mmol/l
M-VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in medium VLDL
mmol/l
S-VLDL-P
Concentration of small VLDL particles
mmol/l
S-VLDL-L
Total lipids in small VLDL
mmol/l
S-VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in small VLDL
mmol/l
S-VLDL-C
Cholesterol in small VLDL
mmol/l
S-VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in small VLDL
mmol/l
S-VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in small VLDL
mmol/l
S-VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in small VLDL
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-P
Concentration of very small VLDL particles
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-L
Total lipids in very small VLDL
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-PL
Phospholipids in very small VLDL
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-C
Cholesterol in very small VLDL
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in very small VLDL
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-FC
Free cholesterol in very small VLDL
mmol/l
XS-VLDL-TG
Triglycerides in very small VLDL
mmol/l
IDL-P
Concentration of IDL particles
mmol/l
IDL-L
Total lipids in IDL
mmol/l
IDL-PL
Phospholipids in IDL
mmol/l

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
17/28 
 
 
 
IDL-C
Cholesterol in IDL
mmol/l
IDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in IDL
mmol/l
IDL-FC
Free cholesterol in IDL
mmol/l
IDL-TG
Triglycerides in IDL
mmol/l
L-LDL-P
Concentration of large LDL particles
mmol/l
L-LDL-L
Total lipids in large LDL
mmol/l
L-LDL-PL
Phospholipids in large LDL
mmol/l
L-LDL-C
Cholesterol in large LDL
mmol/l
L-LDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in large LDL
mmol/l
L-LDL-FC
Free cholesterol in large LDL
mmol/l
L-LDL-TG
Triglycerides in large LDL
mmol/l
M-LDL-P
Concentration of medium LDL particles
mmol/l
M-LDL-L
Total lipids in medium LDL
mmol/l
M-LDL-PL
Phospholipids in medium LDL
mmol/l
M-LDL-C
Cholesterol in medium LDL
mmol/l
M-LDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in medium LDL
mmol/l
M-LDL-FC
Free cholesterol in medium LDL
mmol/l
M-LDL-TG
Triglycerides in medium LDL
mmol/l
S-LDL-P
Concentration of small LDL particles
mmol/l
S-LDL-L
Total lipids in small LDL
mmol/l
S-LDL-PL
Phospholipids in small LDL
mmol/l
S-LDL-C
Cholesterol in small LDL
mmol/l
S-LDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in small LDL
mmol/l
S-LDL-FC
Free cholesterol in small LDL
mmol/l
S-LDL-TG
Triglycerides in small LDL
mmol/l
XL-HDL-P
Concentration of very large HDL particles
mmol/l
XL-HDL-L
Total lipids in very large HDL
mmol/l
XL-HDL-PL
Phospholipids in very large HDL
mmol/l
XL-HDL-C
Cholesterol in very large HDL
mmol/l
XL-HDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in very large HDL
mmol/l
XL-HDL-FC
Free cholesterol in very large HDL
mmol/l
XL-HDL-TG
Triglycerides in very large HDL
mmol/l
L-HDL-P
Concentration of large HDL particles
mmol/l
L-HDL-L
Total lipids in large HDL
mmol/l
L-HDL-PL
Phospholipids in large HDL
mmol/l
L-HDL-C
Cholesterol in large HDL
mmol/l
L-HDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in large HDL
mmol/l
L-HDL-FC
Free cholesterol in large HDL
mmol/l
L-HDL-TG
Triglycerides in large HDL
mmol/l
M-HDL-P
Concentration of medium HDL particles
mmol/l
M-HDL-L
Total lipids in medium HDL
mmol/l
M-HDL-PL
Phospholipids in medium HDL
mmol/l
M-HDL-C
Cholesterol in medium HDL
mmol/l
M-HDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in medium HDL
mmol/l
M-HDL-FC
Free cholesterol in medium HDL
mmol/l
M-HDL-TG
Triglycerides in medium HDL
mmol/l

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
18/28 
 
 
 
S-HDL-P
Concentration of small HDL particles
mmol/l
S-HDL-L
Total lipids in small HDL
mmol/l
S-HDL-PL
Phospholipids in small HDL
mmol/l
S-HDL-C
Cholesterol in small HDL
mmol/l
S-HDL-CE
Cholesteryl esters in small HDL
mmol/l
S-HDL-FC
Free cholesterol in small HDL
mmol/l
S-HDL-TG
Triglycerides in small HDL
mmol/l
XXL-VLDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
XXL-VLDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
XXL-VLDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
XXL-VLDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
XXL-VLDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
XL-VLDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
XL-VLDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
XL-VLDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
XL-VLDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
XL-VLDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
L-VLDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
L-VLDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
L-VLDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
L-VLDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
L-VLDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
M-VLDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
M-VLDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
M-VLDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
M-VLDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
M-VLDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
S-VLDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
S-VLDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
S-VLDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
S-VLDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
S-VLDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
XS-VLDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
XS-VLDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
XS-VLDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
XS-VLDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
XS-VLDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
IDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
IDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL
%

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
19/28 
 
 
 
 
 
IDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
IDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
IDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
L-LDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
L-LDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
L-LDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
L-LDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
L-LDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
M-LDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
M-LDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
M-LDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
M-LDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
M-LDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
S-LDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
S-LDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
S-LDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
S-LDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
S-LDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
XL-HDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
XL-HDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
XL-HDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
XL-HDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
XL-HDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
L-HDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
L-HDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
L-HDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
L-HDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
L-HDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
M-HDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
M-HDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
M-HDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
M-HDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
M-HDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
S-HDL-PL %
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
S-HDL-C %
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
S-HDL-CE %
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
S-HDL-FC %
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
S-HDL-TG %
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
20/28 
 
 
Table 4: Comparative Analysis of Metabolomic Pre‐test and Post‐test Results 
for Placebo Group Blood Samples 
 
 
 
Significance(p‐value)
Feature
Mean(after)
Mean(before) Method FC
Log2(FC)
‐Log10(p‐value)
‐Log10(padj)
yes
Creatinine
64.21
59.285 t‐test
0.923
‐0.115
2.023
0.103
yes
IDL_CE_pct
51.149
49.621 t‐test
0.97
‐0.044
2.623
0.527
yes
IDL_C_pct
67.73
66.121 t‐test
0.976
‐0.035
2.767
0.527
yes
IDL_TG_pct
8.787
10.075 t‐test
1.147
0.197
1.332
0.06
yes
L_LDL_CE_pct
53.99
53.463 t‐test
0.99
‐0.014
1.562
0.06
yes
L_LDL_C_pct
71.967
71.136 t‐test
0.988
‐0.017
1.59
0.06
yes
L_LDL_TG_pct
5.966
6.83 t‐test
1.145
0.195
1.397
0.06
yes
M_LDL_PL_pct
26.658
26.309 t‐test
0.987
‐0.019
1.452
0.06
no
Acetate
0.017
0.019 t‐test
1.092
0.126
0.309
0.06
no
Acetoacetate
0.025
0.019 t‐test
0.741
‐0.432
0.366
0.06
no
Acetone
0.019
0.021 t‐test
1.063
0.089
0.067
0.005
no
Ala
0.337
0.383 t‐test
1.137
0.185
1.234
0.06
no
Albumin
41.434
40.602 t‐test
0.98
‐0.029
0.259
0.06
no
ApoA1
1.416
1.353 t‐test
0.955
‐0.066
0.477
0.06
no
ApoB
0.878
0.858 t‐test
0.977
‐0.033
0.24
0.06
no
ApoB_by_ApoA1
0.63
0.642 t‐test
1.019
0.027
0.179
0.027
no
bOHbutyrate
0.094
0.103 t‐test
1.1
0.137
0.063
0.005
no
Cholines
2.554
2.454 t‐test
0.961
‐0.058
0.361
0.06
no
Citrate
0.06
0.063 t‐test
1.043
0.061
1.126
0.06
no
Clinical_LDL_C
2.787
2.6 t‐test
0.933
‐0.101
0.605
0.06
no
DHA
0.323
0.291 t‐test
0.9
‐0.152
0.271
0.06
no
DHA_pct
2.574
2.387 t‐test
0.927
‐0.109
0.292
0.06
no
Gln
0.487
0.495 t‐test
1.016
0.022
0.099
0.005
no
Glucose
4.525
3.994 t‐test
0.883
‐0.18
0.749
0.06
no
Gly
0.251
0.302 t‐test
1.202
0.265
1.129
0.06
no
GlycA
0.857
0.83 t‐test
0.968
‐0.046
0.294
0.06
no
Glycerol
0.106
0.121 t‐test
1.149
0.2
0.283
0.06
no
HDL_C
1.273
1.184 t‐test
0.93
‐0.105
0.665
0.06
no
HDL_CE
1.006
0.931 t‐test
0.925
‐0.113
0.733
0.06
no
HDL_FC
0.267
0.253 t‐test
0.948
‐0.077
0.401
0.06
no
HDL_L
2.818
2.668 t‐test
0.947
‐0.079
0.466
0.06
no
HDL_P
0.016
0.015 t‐test
0.945
‐0.081
0.57
0.06
no
HDL_PL
1.426
1.356 t‐test
0.951
‐0.072
0.403
0.06
no
HDL_size
9.47
9.463 t‐test
0.999
‐0.001
0.142
0.01
no
HDL_TG
0.119
0.128 t‐test
1.082
0.113
0.309
0.06
no
His
0.07
0.071 t‐test
1.014
0.02
0.056
0.005
no
IDL_C
0.779
0.726 t‐test
0.932
‐0.101
0.697
0.06
no
IDL_CE
0.588
0.544 t‐test
0.925
‐0.112
0.755
0.06
no
IDL_FC
0.191
0.182 t‐test
0.954
‐0.068
0.432
0.06
no
IDL_FC_pct
16.581
16.5 t‐test
0.995
‐0.007
0.103
0.005
no
IDL_L
1.143
1.094 t‐test
0.957
‐0.063
0.413
0.06
no
IDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.959
‐0.06
0.51
0.06
no
IDL_PL
0.268
0.261 t‐test
0.973
‐0.039
0.233
0.06
no
IDL_PL_pct
23.483
23.804 t‐test
1.014
0.02
0.531
0.06
Differential expression analysis

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
21/28 
 
 
 
 
 
no
IDL_TG
0.095
0.106 t‐test
1.116
0.159
0.904
0.06
no
Ile
0.058
0.07 t‐test
1.196
0.258
0.728
0.06
no
LA
4.198
4.005 t‐test
0.954
‐0.068
0.447
0.06
no
Lactate
2.987
4.773 t‐test
1.598
0.676
0.666
0.06
no
LA_pct
33.798
33.094 t‐test
0.979
‐0.03
0.269
0.06
no
LDL_C
1.974
1.859 t‐test
0.942
‐0.087
0.562
0.06
no
LDL_CE
1.458
1.378 t‐test
0.945
‐0.082
0.526
0.06
no
LDL_FC
0.516
0.481 t‐test
0.932
‐0.102
0.64
0.06
no
LDL_L
2.805
2.671 t‐test
0.952
‐0.07
0.455
0.06
no
LDL_P
0.001
0.001 t‐test
0.977
‐0.034
0.233
0.06
no
LDL_PL
0.679
0.646 t‐test
0.952
‐0.072
0.489
0.06
no
LDL_size
23.873
23.877 t‐test
1
0
0.06
0.005
no
LDL_TG
0.151
0.166 t‐test
1.097
0.133
0.715
0.06
no
Leu
0.128
0.147 t‐test
1.145
0.196
0.541
0.06
no
L_HDL_C
0.21
0.186 t‐test
0.884
‐0.178
0.729
0.06
no
L_HDL_CE
0.168
0.147 t‐test
0.876
‐0.191
0.809
0.06
no
L_HDL_CE_pct
35.405
31.348 t‐test
0.885
‐0.176
0.669
0.06
no
L_HDL_C_pct
43.805
39.532 t‐test
0.902
‐0.148
0.641
0.06
no
L_HDL_FC
0.043
0.039 t‐test
0.916
‐0.126
0.386
0.06
no
L_HDL_FC_pct
8.4
8.184 t‐test
0.974
‐0.038
0.283
0.06
no
L_HDL_L
0.46
0.416 t‐test
0.905
‐0.144
0.532
0.06
no
L_HDL_P
0.001
0.001 t‐test
0.894
‐0.162
0.631
0.06
no
L_HDL_PL
0.231
0.21 t‐test
0.908
‐0.139
0.448
0.06
no
L_HDL_PL_pct
51.036
52.628 t‐test
1.031
0.044
0.609
0.06
no
L_HDL_TG
0.018
0.02 t‐test
1.111
0.151
0.24
0.06
no
L_HDL_TG_pct
5.159
7.841 t‐test
1.52
0.604
0.624
0.06
no
L_LDL_C
1.258
1.172 t‐test
0.932
‐0.101
0.64
0.06
no
L_LDL_CE
0.943
0.88 t‐test
0.933
‐0.1
0.626
0.06
no
L_LDL_FC
0.315
0.292 t‐test
0.928
‐0.107
0.664
0.06
no
L_LDL_FC_pct
17.977
17.673 t‐test
0.983
‐0.025
0.641
0.06
no
L_LDL_L
1.74
1.644 t‐test
0.945
‐0.082
0.515
0.06
no
L_LDL_P
0.001
0.001 t‐test
0.978
‐0.032
0.192
0.032
no
L_LDL_PL
0.383
0.362 t‐test
0.946
‐0.08
0.535
0.06
no
L_LDL_PL_pct
22.067
22.033 t‐test
0.998
‐0.002
0.105
0.005
no
L_LDL_TG
0.099
0.109 t‐test
1.103
0.142
0.794
0.06
no
L_VLDL_C
0.102
0.103 t‐test
1.004
0.006
0.018
0.002
no
L_VLDL_CE
0.052
0.052 t‐test
0.999
‐0.002
0.006
0.002
no
L_VLDL_CE_pct
14.148
14.396 t‐test
1.017
0.025
0.091
0.005
no
L_VLDL_C_pct
27.766
28.219 t‐test
1.016
0.023
0.13
0.007
no
L_VLDL_FC
0.05
0.051 t‐test
1.01
0.015
0.038
0.002
no
L_VLDL_FC_pct
13.618
13.824 t‐test
1.015
0.022
0.252
0.06
no
L_VLDL_L
0.37
0.368 t‐test
0.994
‐0.008
0.018
0.002
no
L_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.014
0.021
0.049
0.005
no
L_VLDL_PL
0.072
0.074 t‐test
1.029
0.042
0.106
0.005
no
L_VLDL_PL_pct
19.037
20.007 t‐test
1.051
0.072
1.254
0.06
no
L_VLDL_TG
0.195
0.191 t‐test
0.976
‐0.035
0.068
0.005
no
L_VLDL_TG_pct
53.196
51.774 t‐test
0.973
‐0.039
0.373
0.06
no
M_HDL_C
0.496
0.457 t‐test
0.923
‐0.116
0.589
0.06
no
M_HDL_CE
0.412
0.381 t‐test
0.924
‐0.114
0.607
0.06
no
M_HDL_CE_pct
41.205
40.496 t‐test
0.983
‐0.025
0.385
0.06
no
M_HDL_C_pct
49.479
48.641 t‐test
0.983
‐0.025
0.458
0.06
no
M_HDL_FC
0.083
0.076 t‐test
0.917
‐0.124
0.497
0.06
no
M_HDL_FC_pct
8.274
8.145 t‐test
0.984
‐0.023
0.641
0.06
no
M_HDL_L
0.997
0.936 t‐test
0.939
‐0.09
0.444
0.06
no
M_HDL_P
0.004
0.003 t‐test
0.932
‐0.102
0.493
0.06
no
M_HDL_PL
0.46
0.434 t‐test
0.944
‐0.082
0.399
0.06
no
M_HDL_PL_pct
46.155
46.412 t‐test
1.006
0.008
0.335
0.06
no
M_HDL_TG
0.042
0.045 t‐test
1.079
0.109
0.259
0.06
no
M_HDL_TG_pct
4.365
4.947 t‐test
1.133
0.181
0.511
0.06
no
M_LDL_C
0.507
0.485 t‐test
0.957
‐0.064
0.408
0.06
no
M_LDL_CE
0.364
0.351 t‐test
0.965
‐0.052
0.326
0.06
no
M_LDL_CE_pct
49.044
49.36 t‐test
1.006
0.009
0.369
0.06

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
22/28 
 
 
 
no
M_LDL_C_pct
68.369
68.131 t‐test
0.997
‐0.005
0.276
0.06
no
M_LDL_FC
0.142
0.133 t‐test
0.935
‐0.097
0.578
0.06
no
M_LDL_FC_pct
19.325
18.771 t‐test
0.971
‐0.042
0.947
0.06
no
M_LDL_L
0.739
0.71 t‐test
0.962
‐0.056
0.352
0.06
no
M_LDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.973
‐0.039
0.252
0.06
no
M_LDL_PL
0.196
0.187 t‐test
0.951
‐0.073
0.454
0.06
no
M_LDL_TG
0.036
0.039 t‐test
1.094
0.129
0.657
0.06
no
M_LDL_TG_pct
4.974
5.559 t‐test
1.118
0.161
1.087
0.06
no
MUFA
2.749
2.707 t‐test
0.985
‐0.022
0.086
0.005
no
MUFA_pct
22.162
22.357 t‐test
1.009
0.013
0.179
0.027
no
M_VLDL_C
0.169
0.159 t‐test
0.946
‐0.081
0.334
0.06
no
M_VLDL_CE
0.088
0.082 t‐test
0.927
‐0.109
0.336
0.06
no
M_VLDL_CE_pct
13.828
13.571 t‐test
0.981
‐0.027
0.062
0.005
no
M_VLDL_C_pct
26.337
26.195 t‐test
0.995
‐0.008
0.024
0.002
no
M_VLDL_FC
0.08
0.078 t‐test
0.966
‐0.05
0.255
0.06
no
M_VLDL_FC_pct
12.509
12.624 t‐test
1.009
0.013
0.078
0.005
no
M_VLDL_L
0.632
0.614 t‐test
0.972
‐0.042
0.199
0.037
no
M_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.971
‐0.043
0.224
0.057
no
M_VLDL_PL
0.136
0.132 t‐test
0.967
‐0.048
0.238
0.06
no
M_VLDL_PL_pct
21.162
21.384 t‐test
1.01
0.015
0.12
0.005
no
M_VLDL_TG
0.327
0.323 t‐test
0.987
‐0.019
0.056
0.005
no
M_VLDL_TG_pct
52.501
52.421 t‐test
0.998
‐0.002
0.01
0.002
no
non_HDL_C
3.425
3.259 t‐test
0.951
‐0.072
0.482
0.06
no
Omega_3
0.699
0.63 t‐test
0.901
‐0.15
0.208
0.043
no
Omega_3_pct
5.426
5.104 t‐test
0.941
‐0.088
0.177
0.027
no
Omega_6
5.057
4.83 t‐test
0.955
‐0.066
0.533
0.06
no
Omega_6_by_Omega_3
8.451
8.3 t‐test
0.982
‐0.026
0.063
0.005
no
Omega_6_pct
41.033
40.101 t‐test
0.977
‐0.033
0.346
0.06
no
Phe
0.079
0.084 t‐test
1.073
0.102
0.361
0.06
no
Phosphatidylc
2.072
2.003 t‐test
0.966
‐0.049
0.262
0.06
no
Phosphoglyc
2.257
2.167 t‐test
0.961
‐0.058
0.303
0.06
no
PUFA
5.756
5.459 t‐test
0.949
‐0.076
0.463
0.06
no
PUFA_by_MUFA
2.103
2.028 t‐test
0.964
‐0.052
0.524
0.06
no
PUFA_pct
46.459
45.205 t‐test
0.973
‐0.039
0.775
0.06
no
Pyruvate
0.03
0.039 t‐test
1.306
0.386
0.344
0.06
no
Remnant_C
1.451
1.4 t‐test
0.965
‐0.052
0.325
0.06
no
SFA
3.901
3.928 t‐test
1.007
0.01
0.037
0.002
no
SFA_pct
31.378
32.438 t‐test
1.034
0.048
0.929
0.06
no
S_HDL_C
0.509
0.484 t‐test
0.95
‐0.074
0.56
0.06
no
S_HDL_CE
0.384
0.362 t‐test
0.943
‐0.084
0.672
0.06
no
S_HDL_CE_pct
30.584
29.951 t‐test
0.979
‐0.03
0.575
0.06
no
S_HDL_C_pct
40.537
40.025 t‐test
0.987
‐0.018
0.464
0.06
no
S_HDL_FC
0.125
0.121 t‐test
0.972
‐0.041
0.241
0.06
no
S_HDL_FC_pct
9.953
10.074 t‐test
1.012
0.017
0.587
0.06
no
S_HDL_L
1.256
1.209 t‐test
0.963
‐0.055
0.4
0.06
no
S_HDL_P
0.011
0.01 t‐test
0.954
‐0.068
0.544
0.06
no
S_HDL_PL
0.694
0.669 t‐test
0.964
‐0.053
0.379
0.06
no
S_HDL_PL_pct
55.223
55.293 t‐test
1.001
0.002
0.078
0.005
no
S_HDL_TG
0.053
0.057 t‐test
1.072
0.101
0.426
0.06
no
S_HDL_TG_pct
4.24
4.682 t‐test
1.104
0.143
0.728
0.06
no
S_LDL_C
0.21
0.202 t‐test
0.962
‐0.056
0.387
0.06
no
S_LDL_CE
0.15
0.146 t‐test
0.97
‐0.044
0.278
0.06
no
S_LDL_CE_pct
46.01
46.169 t‐test
1.003
0.005
0.122
0.005
no
S_LDL_C_pct
64.221
63.76 t‐test
0.993
‐0.01
0.49
0.06
no
S_LDL_FC
0.059
0.056 t‐test
0.941
‐0.088
0.649
0.06
no
S_LDL_FC_pct
18.211
17.591 t‐test
0.966
‐0.05
0.88
0.06
no
S_LDL_L
0.326
0.317 t‐test
0.971
‐0.043
0.317
0.06
no
S_LDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.977
‐0.034
0.237
0.06
no
S_LDL_PL
0.1
0.097 t‐test
0.974
‐0.038
0.324
0.06
no
S_LDL_PL_pct
30.746
30.719 t‐test
0.999
‐0.001
0.026
0.002
no
S_LDL_TG
0.016
0.017 t‐test
1.063
0.088
0.325
0.06
no
S_LDL_TG_pct
5.032
5.521 t‐test
1.097
0.134
0.61
0.06
no
Sphingomyelins
0.448
0.428 t‐test
0.957
‐0.064
0.433
0.06
no
S_VLDL_C
0.159
0.162 t‐test
1.019
0.028
0.127
0.006
no
S_VLDL_CE
0.097
0.101 t‐test
1.042
0.059
0.297
0.06

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
23/28 
 
 
 
 
 
no
S_VLDL_CE_pct
21.678
22.506 t‐test
1.038
0.054
0.325
0.06
no
S_VLDL_C_pct
35.59
36.258 t‐test
1.019
0.027
0.146
0.01
no
S_VLDL_FC
0.062
0.061 t‐test
0.985
‐0.022
0.101
0.005
no
S_VLDL_FC_pct
13.911
13.752 t‐test
0.989
‐0.017
0.086
0.005
no
S_VLDL_L
0.452
0.456 t‐test
1.008
0.012
0.051
0.005
no
S_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.011
0.016
0.073
0.005
no
S_VLDL_PL
0.106
0.106 t‐test
0.995
‐0.008
0.035
0.002
no
S_VLDL_PL_pct
23.642
23.475 t‐test
0.993
‐0.01
0.095
0.005
no
S_VLDL_TG
0.186
0.188 t‐test
1.006
0.009
0.024
0.002
no
S_VLDL_TG_pct
40.768
40.267 t‐test
0.988
‐0.018
0.076
0.005
no
TG_by_PG
0.592
0.63 t‐test
1.064
0.089
0.267
0.06
no
Total_BCAA
0.431
0.479 t‐test
1.111
0.152
0.524
0.06
no
Total_C
4.698
4.442 t‐test
0.946
‐0.081
0.59
0.06
no
Total_CE
3.445
3.242 t‐test
0.941
‐0.088
0.625
0.06
no
Total_FA
12.405
12.095 t‐test
0.975
‐0.037
0.175
0.027
no
Total_FC
1.253
1.2 t‐test
0.958
‐0.062
0.473
0.06
no
Total_L
8.87
8.54 t‐test
0.963
‐0.055
0.394
0.06
no
Total_P
0.018
0.017 t‐test
0.948
‐0.077
0.562
0.06
no
Total_PL
2.834
2.73 t‐test
0.963
‐0.054
0.386
0.06
no
Total_TG
1.338
1.367 t‐test
1.022
0.031
0.078
0.005
no
Tyr
0.055
0.061 t‐test
1.109
0.15
0.463
0.06
no
Unsaturation
1.44
1.407 t‐test
0.977
‐0.033
0.814
0.06
no
Val
0.245
0.263 t‐test
1.073
0.101
0.39
0.06
no
VLDL_C
0.672
0.674 t‐test
1.003
0.004
0.016
0.002
no
VLDL_CE
0.394
0.396 t‐test
1.004
0.005
0.021
0.002
no
VLDL_FC
0.278
0.278 t‐test
1.001
0.002
0.008
0.002
no
VLDL_L
2.106
2.107 t‐test
1.001
0.001
0.003
0.002
no
VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.016
0.022
0.111
0.005
no
VLDL_PL
0.461
0.467 t‐test
1.013
0.019
0.07
0.005
no
VLDL_size
38.998
39.008 t‐test
1
0
0.014
0.002
no
VLDL_TG
0.973
0.967 t‐test
0.994
‐0.009
0.018
0.002
no
XL_HDL_C
0.059
0.057 t‐test
0.968
‐0.047
0.31
0.06
no
XL_HDL_CE
0.042
0.04 t‐test
0.956
‐0.066
0.391
0.06
no
XL_HDL_CE_pct
40.214
33.187 t‐test
0.825
‐0.277
0.605
0.06
no
XL_HDL_C_pct
58.772
46.379 t‐test
0.789
‐0.342
0.52
0.06
no
XL_HDL_FC
0.016
0.016 t‐test
1.001
0.002
0.009
0.002
no
XL_HDL_FC_pct
18.557
13.192 t‐test
0.711
‐0.492
0.429
0.06
no
XL_HDL_L
0.105
0.106 t‐test
1.008
0.011
0.052
0.005
no
XL_HDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.985
‐0.022
0.141
0.01
no
XL_HDL_PL
0.041
0.043 t‐test
1.053
0.074
0.239
0.06
no
XL_HDL_PL_pct
33.404
33.946 t‐test
1.016
0.023
0.143
0.01
no
XL_HDL_TG
0.006
0.006 t‐test
1.095
0.131
0.319
0.06
no
XL_HDL_TG_pct
7.824
5.389 t‐test
0.689
‐0.538
0.301
0.06
no
XL_VLDL_C
0.054
0.055 t‐test
1.019
0.027
0.072
0.005
no
XL_VLDL_CE
0.033
0.033 t‐test
1.024
0.034
0.119
0.005
no
XL_VLDL_CE_pct
18.462
17.45 t‐test
0.945
‐0.081
0.188
0.031
no
XL_VLDL_C_pct
28.74
27.987 t‐test
0.974
‐0.038
0.109
0.005
no
XL_VLDL_FC
0.022
0.022 t‐test
1.012
0.017
0.03
0.002
no
XL_VLDL_FC_pct
10.278
10.537 t‐test
1.025
0.036
0.153
0.013
no
XL_VLDL_L
0.203
0.207 t‐test
1.024
0.034
0.062
0.005
no
XL_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.03
0.043
0.083
0.005
no
XL_VLDL_PL
0.036
0.036 t‐test
1.014
0.019
0.032
0.002
no
XL_VLDL_PL_pct
16.268
17.052 t‐test
1.048
0.068
0.342
0.06
no
XL_VLDL_TG
0.113
0.116 t‐test
1.03
0.042
0.065
0.005
no
XL_VLDL_TG_pct
54.992
54.962 t‐test
0.999
‐0.001
0.003
0.002
no
XS_VLDL_C
0.142
0.144 t‐test
1.018
0.026
0.137
0.01
no
XS_VLDL_CE
0.096
0.095 t‐test
0.992
‐0.011
0.053
0.005
no
XS_VLDL_CE_pct
32.455
30.476 t‐test
0.939
‐0.091
1
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_C_pct
47.868
46.003 t‐test
0.961
‐0.057
0.812
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_FC
0.046
0.049 t‐test
1.073
0.102
0.693
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_FC_pct
15.413
15.527 t‐test
1.007
0.011
0.23
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_L
0.293
0.313 t‐test
1.068
0.095
0.627
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.055
0.078
0.522
0.06

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
24/28 
 
 
 
 
 
no
XS_VLDL_PL
0.084
0.093 t‐test
1.104
0.143
0.918
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_PL_pct
28.565
29.508 t‐test
1.033
0.047
1.022
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_TG
0.067
0.076 t‐test
1.127
0.173
0.818
0.06
no
XS_VLDL_TG_pct
23.567
24.49 t‐test
1.039
0.055
0.322
0.06
no
XXL_VLDL_C
0.046
0.049 t‐test
1.084
0.116
0.161
0.018
no
XXL_VLDL_CE
0.028
0.032 t‐test
1.137
0.185
0.331
0.06
no
XXL_VLDL_CE_pct
23.207
26.711 t‐test
1.151
0.203
0.268
0.06
no
XXL_VLDL_C_pct
36.128
39.55 t‐test
1.095
0.131
0.171
0.026
no
XXL_VLDL_FC
0.018
0.018 t‐test
1.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
no
XXL_VLDL_FC_pct
12.921
12.839 t‐test
0.994
‐0.009
0.011
0.002
no
XXL_VLDL_L
0.156
0.149 t‐test
0.957
‐0.064
0.054
0.005
no
XXL_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.992
‐0.012
0.01
0.002
no
XXL_VLDL_PL
0.026
0.026 t‐test
0.986
‐0.021
0.017
0.002
no
XXL_VLDL_PL_pct
14.889
16.636 t‐test
1.117
0.16
0.527
0.06
no
XXL_VLDL_TG
0.084
0.074 t‐test
0.879
‐0.187
0.136
0.01
no
XXL_VLDL_TG_pct
34.697
43.814 t‐test
1.263
0.337
0.413
0.06

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
25/28 
 
 
Table 5: Comparative Analysis of Metabolomic Pre‐test and Post‐test Results 
for Probiotics Group Blood Samples 
 
Significance(p‐value)
Feature
Mean(after)
Mean(before) Method FC
Log2(FC)
‐Log10(p‐value)
‐Log10(padj)
yes
Acetate
0.017
0.019 t‐test
1.156
0.209
1.329
0.407
yes
Gly
0.263
0.295 t‐test
1.123
0.167
1.447
0.407
yes
HDL_size
9.573
9.508 t‐test
0.993
‐0.01
1.433
0.407
yes
Lactate
4.175
5.984 t‐test
1.433
0.519
1.441
0.407
yes
L_VLDL_CE_pct
14.036
15.354 t‐test
1.094
0.129
1.363
0.407
yes
L_VLDL_C_pct
28.119
29.999 t‐test
1.067
0.093
1.505
0.407
yes
L_VLDL_FC_pct
14.083
14.645 t‐test
1.04
0.056
1.643
0.421
yes
L_VLDL_L
0.563
0.48 t‐test
0.853
‐0.229
1.334
0.407
yes
L_VLDL_TG
0.288
0.233 t‐test
0.81
‐0.304
2.037
0.533
yes
L_VLDL_TG_pct
51.128
49.056 t‐test
0.959
‐0.06
1.429
0.407
yes
M_HDL_CE_pct
37.7
39.269 t‐test
1.042
0.059
2.902
0.805
yes
M_HDL_C_pct
46.11
47.515 t‐test
1.03
0.043
3.121
0.805
yes
M_HDL_PL_pct
47.018
46.34 t‐test
0.986
‐0.021
1.977
0.533
yes
M_HDL_TG_pct
6.873
6.145 t‐test
0.894
‐0.161
1.715
0.463
yes
M_VLDL_PL_pct
21.414
22.043 t‐test
1.029
0.042
1.319
0.407
yes
S_HDL_CE_pct
27.533
28.901 t‐test
1.05
0.07
1.987
0.533
yes
S_HDL_C_pct
37.973
39.337 t‐test
1.036
0.051
2.162
0.533
yes
S_HDL_PL_pct
55.964
55.036 t‐test
0.983
‐0.024
1.839
0.52
yes
S_HDL_TG_pct
6.063
5.628 t‐test
0.928
‐0.107
1.571
0.407
yes
S_LDL_C_pct
62.862
63.718 t‐test
1.014
0.019
2.566
0.645
yes
TG_by_PG
0.778
0.696 t‐test
0.895
‐0.161
1.792
0.508
yes
VLDL_size
39.666
39.173 t‐test
0.988
‐0.018
2.006
0.533
yes
VLDL_TG
1.623
1.384 t‐test
0.853
‐0.229
1.355
0.407
yes
XL_HDL_CE_pct
36.249
38.447 t‐test
1.061
0.085
1.922
0.524
yes
XL_HDL_C_pct
52.182
56.422 t‐test
1.081
0.113
1.345
0.407
yes
XL_VLDL_L
0.381
0.323 t‐test
0.847
‐0.239
1.334
0.407
yes
XL_VLDL_TG
0.221
0.181 t‐test
0.818
‐0.291
1.843
0.52
yes
XXL_VLDL_L
0.467
0.375 t‐test
0.804
‐0.315
1.494
0.407
yes
XXL_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.817
‐0.292
1.395
0.407
yes
XXL_VLDL_TG
0.267
0.202 t‐test
0.756
‐0.403
2.073
0.533
no
Acetoacetate
0.026
0.017 t‐test
0.651
‐0.619
0.697
0.243
no
Acetone
0.016
0.02 t‐test
1.238
0.308
0.6
0.219
no
Ala
0.373
0.401 t‐test
1.074
0.103
0.738
0.264
no
Albumin
41.766
43.735 t‐test
1.047
0.066
1.025
0.384
no
ApoA1
1.521
1.487 t‐test
0.978
‐0.032
0.18
0.068
no
ApoB
1.001
1.016 t‐test
1.015
0.021
0.123
0.039
no
ApoB_by_ApoA1
0.669
0.698 t‐test
1.044
0.062
0.667
0.227
no
bOHbutyrate
0.074
0.09 t‐test
1.218
0.284
0.375
0.158
no
Cholines
2.989
2.88 t‐test
0.963
‐0.054
0.368
0.158
no
Citrate
0.062
0.062 t‐test
1.012
0.017
0.143
0.052
no
Clinical_LDL_C
2.854
3 t‐test
1.051
0.072
0.548
0.211
no
Creatinine
72.354
68.671 t‐test
0.949
‐0.075
0.784
0.275
no
DHA
0.287
0.269 t‐test
0.94
‐0.09
0.163
0.057
no
DHA_pct
1.763
1.862 t‐test
1.056
0.079
0.258
0.111
no
Gln
0.546
0.549 t‐test
1.006
0.009
0.072
0.024
no
Glucose
4.989
4.441 t‐test
0.89
‐0.168
0.66
0.227
no
GlycA
0.94
0.938 t‐test
0.998
‐0.003
0.029
0.004
no
Glycerol
0.099
0.119 t‐test
1.202
0.265
0.326
0.144
no
HDL_C
1.29
1.262 t‐test
0.978
‐0.032
0.151
0.054
no
HDL_CE
0.986
0.971 t‐test
0.985
‐0.022
0.103
0.029
no
HDL_FC
0.303
0.291 t‐test
0.957
‐0.063
0.324
0.144
no
HDL_L
3.102
2.984 t‐test
0.962
‐0.056
0.286
0.122
no
HDL_P
0.016
0.016 t‐test
0.997
‐0.004
0.021
0.004
no
HDL_PL
1.592
1.515 t‐test
0.952
‐0.071
0.39
0.158
no
HDL_TG
0.22
0.208 t‐test
0.942
‐0.085
0.361
0.158
Differential expression analysis

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
26/28 
 
 
 
no
His
0.075
0.083 t‐test
1.115
0.157
0.962
0.364
no
IDL_C
0.867
0.864 t‐test
0.997
‐0.004
0.022
0.004
no
IDL_CE
0.654
0.648 t‐test
0.991
‐0.013
0.086
0.027
no
IDL_CE_pct
49.557
49.108 t‐test
0.991
‐0.013
0.588
0.219
no
IDL_C_pct
65.567
65.379 t‐test
0.997
‐0.004
0.198
0.074
no
IDL_FC
0.212
0.216 t‐test
1.018
0.025
0.156
0.057
no
IDL_FC_pct
16.01
16.271 t‐test
1.016
0.023
0.405
0.158
no
IDL_L
1.321
1.326 t‐test
1.004
0.006
0.036
0.004
no
IDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.96
‐0.059
0.352
0.158
no
IDL_PL
0.305
0.313 t‐test
1.026
0.036
0.298
0.127
no
IDL_PL_pct
23.096
23.591 t‐test
1.021
0.031
0.914
0.337
no
IDL_TG
0.149
0.149 t‐test
0.998
‐0.003
0.013
0.004
no
IDL_TG_pct
11.338
11.03 t‐test
0.973
‐0.04
0.297
0.127
no
Ile
0.072
0.076 t‐test
1.053
0.074
0.458
0.179
no
LA
5.312
5.015 t‐test
0.944
‐0.083
0.6
0.219
no
LA_pct
33.147
34.014 t‐test
1.026
0.037
0.435
0.172
no
LDL_C
2.043
2.135 t‐test
1.045
0.064
0.627
0.222
no
LDL_CE
1.542
1.603 t‐test
1.039
0.055
0.518
0.189
no
LDL_FC
0.5
0.532 t‐test
1.064
0.09
0.967
0.364
no
LDL_L
2.992
3.111 t‐test
1.04
0.056
0.496
0.184
no
LDL_P
0.001
0.001 t‐test
1.035
0.05
0.367
0.158
no
LDL_PL
0.714
0.741 t‐test
1.037
0.052
0.43
0.172
no
LDL_size
23.826
23.839 t‐test
1.001
0.001
0.188
0.073
no
LDL_TG
0.235
0.235 t‐test
1.002
0.003
0.013
0.004
no
Leu
0.142
0.157 t‐test
1.101
0.139
1.113
0.396
no
L_HDL_C
0.239
0.211 t‐test
0.881
‐0.183
0.507
0.189
no
L_HDL_CE
0.183
0.162 t‐test
0.889
‐0.169
0.455
0.179
no
L_HDL_CE_pct
30.952
32.79 t‐test
1.059
0.083
0.807
0.29
no
L_HDL_C_pct
40.163
41.444 t‐test
1.032
0.045
0.471
0.183
no
L_HDL_FC
0.057
0.049 t‐test
0.855
‐0.226
0.69
0.242
no
L_HDL_FC_pct
9.212
8.653 t‐test
0.939
‐0.09
1.2
0.407
no
L_HDL_L
0.575
0.506 t‐test
0.88
‐0.184
0.564
0.215
no
L_HDL_P
0.001
0.001 t‐test
0.876
‐0.192
0.504
0.189
no
L_HDL_PL
0.289
0.253 t‐test
0.873
‐0.196
0.643
0.224
no
L_HDL_PL_pct
51.142
49.923 t‐test
0.976
‐0.035
1.046
0.384
no
L_HDL_TG
0.046
0.042 t‐test
0.921
‐0.119
0.359
0.158
no
L_HDL_TG_pct
8.695
8.634 t‐test
0.993
‐0.01
0.027
0.004
no
L_LDL_C
1.274
1.333 t‐test
1.046
0.064
0.644
0.224
no
L_LDL_CE
0.961
1.001 t‐test
1.042
0.059
0.575
0.219
no
L_LDL_CE_pct
52.644
52.638 t‐test
1
0
0.007
0.004
no
L_LDL_C_pct
69.77
70.032 t‐test
1.004
0.005
0.282
0.122
no
L_LDL_FC
0.313
0.331 t‐test
1.057
0.08
0.859
0.308
no
L_LDL_FC_pct
17.127
17.394 t‐test
1.016
0.022
0.781
0.275
no
L_LDL_L
1.825
1.903 t‐test
1.043
0.06
0.556
0.214
no
L_LDL_P
0.001
0.001 t‐test
1.042
0.06
0.401
0.158
no
L_LDL_PL
0.4
0.417 t‐test
1.044
0.062
0.555
0.214
no
L_LDL_PL_pct
21.932
21.951 t‐test
1.001
0.001
0.054
0.013
no
L_LDL_TG
0.151
0.153 t‐test
1.015
0.021
0.089
0.027
no
L_LDL_TG_pct
8.298
8.017 t‐test
0.966
‐0.05
0.355
0.158
no
L_VLDL_C
0.155
0.141 t‐test
0.912
‐0.132
0.51
0.189
no
L_VLDL_CE
0.075
0.07 t‐test
0.932
‐0.102
0.326
0.144
no
L_VLDL_FC
0.08
0.072 t‐test
0.894
‐0.162
0.742
0.264
no
L_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.866
‐0.208
1.116
0.396
no
L_VLDL_PL
0.12
0.105 t‐test
0.879
‐0.186
0.933
0.348
no
L_VLDL_PL_pct
20.753
20.945 t‐test
1.009
0.013
0.269
0.114
no
M_HDL_C
0.496
0.488 t‐test
0.984
‐0.023
0.094
0.027
no
M_HDL_CE
0.404
0.4 t‐test
0.991
‐0.013
0.053
0.013
no
M_HDL_FC
0.092
0.088 t‐test
0.954
‐0.068
0.272
0.115
no
M_HDL_FC_pct
8.409
8.246 t‐test
0.981
‐0.028
0.83
0.307
no
M_HDL_L
1.091
1.056 t‐test
0.968
‐0.048
0.219
0.086
no
M_HDL_P
0.004
0.004 t‐test
0.967
‐0.048
0.201
0.074
no
M_HDL_PL
0.515
0.493 t‐test
0.957
‐0.063
0.329
0.144
no
M_HDL_TG
0.08
0.074 t‐test
0.931
‐0.102
0.427
0.172
no
M_LDL_C
0.544
0.57 t‐test
1.048
0.068
0.625
0.222
no
M_LDL_CE
0.408
0.424 t‐test
1.038
0.054
0.47
0.183
no
M_LDL_CE_pct
50.244
50.189 t‐test
0.999
‐0.002
0.047
0.009

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
27/28 
 
 
 
no
M_LDL_C_pct
67.302
67.855 t‐test
1.008
0.012
0.601
0.219
no
M_LDL_FC
0.136
0.146 t‐test
1.079
0.109
1.039
0.384
no
M_LDL_FC_pct
17.057
17.667 t‐test
1.036
0.051
1.151
0.407
no
M_LDL_L
0.809
0.843 t‐test
1.042
0.059
0.474
0.183
no
M_LDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.028
0.039
0.291
0.123
no
M_LDL_PL
0.209
0.217 t‐test
1.038
0.054
0.365
0.158
no
M_LDL_PL_pct
25.892
25.737 t‐test
0.994
‐0.009
0.322
0.144
no
M_LDL_TG
0.057
0.056 t‐test
0.995
‐0.007
0.025
0.004
no
M_LDL_TG_pct
6.806
6.408 t‐test
0.941
‐0.087
0.703
0.245
no
MUFA
4.058
3.815 t‐test
0.94
‐0.089
0.587
0.219
no
MUFA_pct
24.27
23.809 t‐test
0.981
‐0.028
0.376
0.158
no
M_VLDL_C
0.186
0.192 t‐test
1.032
0.046
0.145
0.052
no
M_VLDL_CE
0.088
0.096 t‐test
1.091
0.126
0.459
0.179
no
M_VLDL_CE_pct
12.017
14.183 t‐test
1.18
0.239
1.276
0.407
no
M_VLDL_C_pct
24.376
27.164 t‐test
1.114
0.156
1.262
0.407
no
M_VLDL_FC
0.098
0.096 t‐test
0.979
‐0.03
0.092
0.027
no
M_VLDL_FC_pct
12.359
12.981 t‐test
1.05
0.071
1.168
0.407
no
M_VLDL_L
0.816
0.762 t‐test
0.934
‐0.099
0.434
0.172
no
M_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.954
‐0.068
0.265
0.112
no
M_VLDL_PL
0.172
0.166 t‐test
0.963
‐0.055
0.195
0.074
no
M_VLDL_TG
0.457
0.404 t‐test
0.883
‐0.18
0.97
0.364
no
M_VLDL_TG_pct
54.21
50.792 t‐test
0.937
‐0.094
1.284
0.407
no
non_HDL_C
3.838
3.908 t‐test
1.018
0.026
0.159
0.057
no
Omega_3
0.782
0.689 t‐test
0.881
‐0.183
0.48
0.183
no
Omega_3_pct
4.53
4.276 t‐test
0.944
‐0.083
0.325
0.144
no
Omega_6
6.048
5.767 t‐test
0.953
‐0.069
0.581
0.219
no
Omega_6_by_Omega_3
9.266
10.779 t‐test
1.163
0.218
0.864
0.308
no
Omega_6_pct
38.082
39.375 t‐test
1.034
0.048
0.837
0.308
no
Phe
0.085
0.086 t‐test
1.011
0.016
0.12
0.038
no
Phosphatidylc
2.461
2.323 t‐test
0.944
‐0.084
0.612
0.219
no
Phosphoglyc
2.716
2.594 t‐test
0.955
‐0.066
0.441
0.173
no
PUFA
6.83
6.456 t‐test
0.945
‐0.081
0.636
0.224
no
PUFA_by_MUFA
1.789
1.877 t‐test
1.049
0.069
0.571
0.218
no
PUFA_pct
42.612
43.651 t‐test
1.024
0.035
0.58
0.219
no
Pyruvate
0.04
0.058 t‐test
1.456
0.542
0.37
0.158
no
Remnant_C
1.796
1.773 t‐test
0.988
‐0.018
0.079
0.026
no
SFA
5.491
5.167 t‐test
0.941
‐0.088
0.472
0.183
no
SFA_pct
33.118
32.54 t‐test
0.983
‐0.025
0.505
0.189
no
S_HDL_C
0.486
0.5 t‐test
1.029
0.041
0.354
0.158
no
S_HDL_CE
0.351
0.364 t‐test
1.038
0.054
0.534
0.2
no
S_HDL_FC
0.135
0.136 t‐test
1.005
0.007
0.042
0.008
no
S_HDL_FC_pct
10.441
10.436 t‐test
1
‐0.001
0.017
0.004
no
S_HDL_L
1.295
1.3 t‐test
1.004
0.005
0.03
0.004
no
S_HDL_P
0.011
0.011 t‐test
1.025
0.035
0.284
0.122
no
S_HDL_PL
0.727
0.72 t‐test
0.991
‐0.013
0.079
0.026
no
S_HDL_TG
0.082
0.08 t‐test
0.967
‐0.049
0.238
0.1
no
S_LDL_C
0.225
0.232 t‐test
1.035
0.05
0.388
0.158
no
S_LDL_CE
0.173
0.178 t‐test
1.026
0.037
0.24
0.1
no
S_LDL_CE_pct
48.121
48.302 t‐test
1.004
0.005
0.188
0.073
no
S_LDL_FC
0.051
0.055 t‐test
1.067
0.093
1.031
0.384
no
S_LDL_FC_pct
14.741
15.416 t‐test
1.046
0.065
0.854
0.308
no
S_LDL_L
0.358
0.365 t‐test
1.021
0.029
0.212
0.081
no
S_LDL_P
0
0 t‐test
1.021
0.03
0.194
0.074
no
S_LDL_PL
0.106
0.107 t‐test
1.009
0.012
0.089
0.027
no
S_LDL_PL_pct
29.648
29.377 t‐test
0.991
‐0.013
0.371
0.158
no
S_LDL_TG
0.028
0.026 t‐test
0.948
‐0.076
0.358
0.158
no
S_LDL_TG_pct
7.49
6.906 t‐test
0.922
‐0.117
0.774
0.274
no
Sphingomyelins
0.477
0.472 t‐test
0.989
‐0.015
0.088
0.027
no
S_VLDL_C
0.199
0.206 t‐test
1.033
0.047
0.162
0.057
no
S_VLDL_CE
0.126
0.131 t‐test
1.04
0.056
0.193
0.074
no
S_VLDL_CE_pct
21.368
22.914 t‐test
1.072
0.101
1.147
0.407
no
S_VLDL_C_pct
33.978
36.404 t‐test
1.071
0.1
1.189
0.407
no
S_VLDL_FC
0.073
0.074 t‐test
1.022
0.031
0.105
0.03
no
S_VLDL_FC_pct
12.61
13.49 t‐test
1.07
0.097
1.238
0.407
no
S_VLDL_L
0.61
0.595 t‐test
0.975
‐0.037
0.123
0.039

 
 
 
IRB/REC No.： 
CMUH110-REC2
-070 
 
Page No.： 
28/28 
 
 
 
 
no
S_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.966
‐0.05
0.165
0.057
no
S_VLDL_PL
0.133
0.133 t‐test
0.998
‐0.003
0.008
0.004
no
S_VLDL_PL_pct
22.398
23.208 t‐test
1.036
0.051
1.163
0.407
no
S_VLDL_TG
0.279
0.257 t‐test
0.922
‐0.117
0.453
0.179
no
S_VLDL_TG_pct
43.624
40.388 t‐test
0.926
‐0.111
1.19
0.407
no
Total_BCAA
0.486
0.521 t‐test
1.071
0.099
0.842
0.308
no
Total_C
5.128
5.17 t‐test
1.008
0.012
0.07
0.024
no
Total_CE
3.693
3.734 t‐test
1.011
0.016
0.1
0.028
no
Total_FA
16.38
15.438 t‐test
0.943
‐0.085
0.618
0.22
no
Total_FC
1.435
1.436 t‐test
1.001
0.001
0.005
0.003
no
Total_L
10.668
10.37 t‐test
0.972
‐0.041
0.248
0.103
no
Total_P
0.018
0.018 t‐test
0.999
‐0.001
0.008
0.004
no
Total_PL
3.313
3.224 t‐test
0.973
‐0.039
0.239
0.1
no
Total_TG
2.227
1.976 t‐test
0.887
‐0.172
1.011
0.384
no
Tyr
0.066
0.07 t‐test
1.046
0.065
0.448
0.177
no
Unsaturation
1.369
1.37 t‐test
1
0.001
0.018
0.004
no
Val
0.272
0.288 t‐test
1.06
0.084
0.657
0.227
no
VLDL_C
0.929
0.909 t‐test
0.978
‐0.031
0.107
0.03
no
VLDL_CE
0.523
0.526 t‐test
1.004
0.006
0.02
0.004
no
VLDL_FC
0.406
0.383 t‐test
0.945
‐0.082
0.314
0.139
no
VLDL_L
3.254
2.949 t‐test
0.906
‐0.142
0.708
0.245
no
VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.958
‐0.063
0.261
0.111
no
VLDL_PL
0.702
0.655 t‐test
0.934
‐0.099
0.411
0.159
no
XL_HDL_C
0.068
0.062 t‐test
0.918
‐0.123
0.731
0.262
no
XL_HDL_CE
0.049
0.044 t‐test
0.909
‐0.138
0.636
0.224
no
XL_HDL_FC
0.019
0.018 t‐test
0.943
‐0.085
0.756
0.264
no
XL_HDL_FC_pct
15.933
17.975 t‐test
1.128
0.174
0.844
0.308
no
XL_HDL_L
0.141
0.123 t‐test
0.875
‐0.193
0.897
0.331
no
XL_HDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.913
‐0.132
0.662
0.227
no
XL_HDL_PL
0.06
0.049 t‐test
0.814
‐0.297
1.022
0.384
no
XL_HDL_PL_pct
37.258
33.048 t‐test
0.887
‐0.173
1.267
0.407
no
XL_HDL_TG
0.012
0.012 t‐test
0.933
‐0.1
0.376
0.158
no
XL_HDL_TG_pct
10.56
10.531 t‐test
0.997
‐0.004
0.015
0.004
no
XL_VLDL_C
0.089
0.081 t‐test
0.918
‐0.124
0.471
0.183
no
XL_VLDL_CE
0.047
0.046 t‐test
0.966
‐0.05
0.149
0.054
no
XL_VLDL_CE_pct
14.714
17.751 t‐test
1.206
0.271
1.142
0.407
no
XL_VLDL_C_pct
25.817
29.087 t‐test
1.127
0.172
1.084
0.385
no
XL_VLDL_FC
0.041
0.036 t‐test
0.863
‐0.213
0.988
0.368
no
XL_VLDL_FC_pct
11.103
11.336 t‐test
1.021
0.03
0.48
0.183
no
XL_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.857
‐0.222
1.223
0.407
no
XL_VLDL_PL
0.071
0.061 t‐test
0.851
‐0.232
1.151
0.407
no
XL_VLDL_PL_pct
18.5
18.311 t‐test
0.99
‐0.015
0.376
0.158
no
XL_VLDL_TG_pct
55.683
52.602 t‐test
0.945
‐0.082
1.051
0.384
no
XS_VLDL_C
0.183
0.184 t‐test
1.01
0.014
0.074
0.024
no
XS_VLDL_CE
0.12
0.122 t‐test
1.015
0.021
0.137
0.049
no
XS_VLDL_CE_pct
29.837
31.525 t‐test
1.057
0.079
1.028
0.384
no
XS_VLDL_C_pct
44.926
46.821 t‐test
1.042
0.06
1.089
0.385
no
XS_VLDL_FC
0.062
0.062 t‐test
1
0.001
0.003
0.003
no
XS_VLDL_FC_pct
15.089
15.296 t‐test
1.014
0.02
0.738
0.264
no
XS_VLDL_L
0.417
0.414 t‐test
0.992
‐0.011
0.045
0.009
no
XS_VLDL_P
0
0 t‐test
0.997
‐0.005
0.021
0.004
no
XS_VLDL_PL
0.124
0.122 t‐test
0.985
‐0.021
0.078
0.026
no
XS_VLDL_PL_pct
29.481
28.941 t‐test
0.982
‐0.027
0.738
0.264
no
XS_VLDL_TG
0.111
0.107 t‐test
0.971
‐0.042
0.157
0.057
no
XS_VLDL_TG_pct
25.593
24.238 t‐test
0.947
‐0.078
0.909
0.337
no
XXL_VLDL_C
0.118
0.104 t‐test
0.885
‐0.177
0.589
0.219
no
XXL_VLDL_CE
0.067
0.061 t‐test
0.913
‐0.131
0.372
0.158
no
XXL_VLDL_CE_pct
17.383
18.837 t‐test
1.084
0.116
0.223
0.088
no
XXL_VLDL_C_pct
28.919
30.122 t‐test
1.042
0.059
0.106
0.03
no
XXL_VLDL_FC
0.051
0.043 t‐test
0.847
‐0.239
0.937
0.348
no
XXL_VLDL_FC_pct
11.537
11.284 t‐test
0.978
‐0.032
0.055
0.013
no
XXL_VLDL_PL
0.082
0.069 t‐test
0.842
‐0.248
1.017
0.384
no
XXL_VLDL_PL_pct
17.037
16.536 t‐test
0.971
‐0.043
0.081
0.026
no
XXL_VLDL_TG_pct
54.043
42.231 t‐test
0.781
‐0.356
1.188
0.407