Replication of the EINSTEIN-DVT Anticoagulant Trial in Healthcare Claims Data
Conditions: Venous Thromboembolism
Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital

Replication of the EINSTEIN-DVT Anticoagulant 
Trial in Healthcare Claims Data 
NCT04736420
September 14 2021 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
1. RCT Details 
This section provides a high-level overview of a published RCT that the described real-world evidence study is trying to replicate 
as closely as possible given the remaining limitations inherent in the healthcare databases. 
 
1.1 Title 
Oral Rivaroxaban for Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism (EINSTEIN DVT) 
 
1.2 Intended aim(s) 
To compare the risk of symptomatic, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute, symptomatic deep 
vein thrombosis (DVT) for rivaroxaban versus standard therapy of warfarin. 
 
1.3 Primary endpoint for replication  
The primary outcome of the study was symptomatic, recurrent VTE 
 
1.4 Required power for primary endpoint and noninferiority margin (if applicable) 
Assuming a noninferiority margin of 2.0, it was determined that about 3,000 patients would be needed to achieve 90% 
power to conclude noninferiority of rivaroxaban over standard therapy at two-sided alpha of 0.05.  
 
1.5 Secondary endpoint for replication (assay sensitivity) and RCT finding 
Major bleeding; RR = 0.65 (95% CI 0.33–1.30) 
 
1.6 Trial estimate 
 
RR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.44-1.04) comparing rivaroxaban vs standard therapy (Agnelli et al., 2010) 
 
2. Person responsible for implementation of replication in Aetion 
Dureshahwar Jawaid, MPH implemented the study design in the Aetion Evidence Platform. She is not responsible for the validity of 
the design and analytic choices. All implementation steps are recorded and the implementation history is archived in the platform. 
 
3. Data Source(s) 
Optum, MarketScan, Medicare  
 

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4. Study Design Diagram 
The study design diagram visualizes key aspects of the longitudinal study design for expedited review.  
 
Figure 1.  
 

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5. Cohort Identification  
 
5.1 Cohort Summary 
This study will involve a new user, parallel group, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study design comparing 
rivaroxaban to warfarin users. The patients will be required to have continuous enrollment during a baseline period of 180 days 
before initiation of rivaroxaban or warfarin (index date). We will restrict the analyses to patients with a diagnosis of proximal DVT 
without symptomatic PE. 
 
5.2 Important steps for cohort formation 
 New use of rivaroxaban, exposure, and warfarin, comparator, is defined as no use of either therapy in 180 days prior to index 
date. 
 
5.2.1 Eligible cohort entry dates 
Market availability of rivaroxaban in the U.S. prevention of venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery started on 
July 30, 2008 
• For Medicare: July 30, 2008– December 31, 2017 (end of available data)  
• For Marketscan: July 30, 2008 – December 31, 2018 (end of available data)  
• For Optum: July 30, 2008 – March 31, 2020 (end of available data)  
 
5.2.2 Specify inclusion/exclusion criteria for cohort entry and define the index date. 
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were adapted from the trial as closely as possible. Definitions for all inclusion/exclusion 
are provided in Appendix A and are summarized in the flowcharts below. 
 
5.3 Flowchart of the study cohort assembly 
 
  
Optum 
Truven 
Medicare 
  
Less 
Excluded 
Patients 
Remaining 
Patients 
Less 
Excluded 
Patients 
Remaining 
Patients 
Less 
Excluded 
Patients 
Remaining 
Patients 
All patients 
  
77,673,639 
  
200,203,908 
  
6,886,908 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
Did not meet cohort entry criteria 
-76,678,873 
994,766 
-199,008,369 
1,195,539 
-1,964,276 
4,922,632 
Excluded due to insufficient enrollment 
-118,721 
876,045 
-99,207 
1,096,332 
-232,358 
4,690,274 
Excluded due to prior use of referent 
-516,528 
359,517 
-684,176 
412,156 
-3,197,338 
1,492,936 
Excluded due to prior use of exposure and because 
patient qualified in >1 exposure category 
-221,490 
138,027 
-216,501 
195,655 
-834,065 
658,871 
Excluded based on Age (<65 - Medicare only) 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
-72456 
586,415 
Excluded based on Age (missing) 
0 
138,027 
0 
195,655 
-214 
586,201 
Excluded based on Gender 
0 
138,027 
0 
195,655 
0 
586,201 
Excluded based on Use of other NOACs (dabigatran, 
apixaban, edoxaban) 
-5421 
132,606 
-4267 
191,388 
-21987 
564,214 
Excluded based on Inclusion # 1 - DVT w/o 
Symptomatic PE and based on Exclusion # 1 - Age <=18 
-117,812 
14,794 
-168,633 
22,755 
-499,609 
64,605 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 2 - 
Thrombobectomy, Caval Filter 
-210 
14,584 
-335 
22,420 
-903 
63,702 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 3 - other indications 
for VKA 
-1721 
12,863 
-2,053 
20,367 
-9,815 
53,887 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 6 - CKD stage 
4/5/ESRD 
-114 
12,749 
-121 
20,246 
-496 
53,391 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 7 - Liver Disease and 
based on Exclusion # 8 - Bacterial Endocarditis 
-497 
12,252 
-767 
19,479 
-1,320 
52,071 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 9 - CCI 
-184 
12,068 
-155 
19,324 
-348 
51,723 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 10 - Active 
Bleeding/High Risk for Bleeding 
-295 
11,773 
-478 
18,846 
-1,156 
50,567 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 11 - Malignant 
Hypertension and based on Exclusion # 12 - Pregnancy 
-39 
11,734 
-116 
18,730 
-120 
50,447 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 14 - CYP3A4 Inhibitors 
-12 
11,722 
-28 
18,702 
-72 
50,375 
Excluded based on Exclusion # 15 - Symptomatic 
Pulmonary Embolism 
-369 
11,353 
-817 
17,885 
-1008 
49,367 
Final cohort 
  
11353 
  
17885 
  
49367 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
 
6. Variables  
 
6.1 Exposure-related variables:  
 
Study drug:  
The study exposure of interest is initiation of rivaroxaban. New initiation will be defined by no use of rivaroxaban or warfarin in the 
prior 6 months before treatment initiation (washout period). 
 
Comparator: 
New initiators of warfarin, defined by no use of rivaroxaban or warfarin in the prior 6 months. 
 
 
6.2 Covariates: 
• Age 
• Sex 
• Combined Comorbidity Index (CCI), measured over the baseline covariate assessment period, defined as 180 days prior to 
and including index date 
 
Covariates listed above represent only a small subset of covariates that will ultimately be controlled for in the design and 
analysis. We use the covariates above only for initial feasibility analyses to judge whether there is likely to be sufficient overlap 
between treatment groups to proceed with the study. Remaining covariates are defined only after the study has passed the 
initial feasibility analysis and the initial power assessment and are listed in Table 1 (Appendix B).  
 
 
6.3 Outcome variables and study follow-up:  
 
6.3.1 Outcome variables 
 
Primary Effectiveness outcomes of interest: (definitions provided in Appendix A): 

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• Primary Outcome: VTE 
 
Safety outcomes of interest:  
1. Major bleeding 
 
 
6.3.2 Study follow-up 
Both as-treated (AT) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses will be conducted with treatment defined as the index drug on the day of 
cohort entry. Because adherence in the real-world databases is expected to be much worse than in the trial, the AT analysis is the 
primary analysis, as it targets the relative hazard of outcomes on treatment.  
 
For the AT analyses, the follow-up will start the day after initiation of rivaroxaban and comparator and will continue until the earliest 
date of the following events: 
• The first occurrence of the outcome of interest, unless otherwise specified for selected outcomes,  
• The date of end of continuous registration in the database, 
• End of the study period, 
• Measured death event occurs, 
• Nursing home admission 
o Nursing home admissions are considered a censoring event because the data sources utilized typically provide little to 
no data on a patient, particularly on drug utilization, after admission. We will utilize this as an exclusion reason for 
cohorts for the same reason. 
• The date of drug discontinuation, defined as the date of the last continuous treatment episode of the index drug 
(rivaroxaban and comparator) plus a defined grace period (i.e., 10 days after the end of the last prescription’s days’ supply in 
main analyses). 
• The date of augmentation or switching from exposure to comparator or vice versa or augmentation/switching to any other 
NOAC (e.g. switching from rivaroxaban to apixaban would be a censoring event); 
o A dosage change on the index treatment does not fulfill this criterion 
o An added treatment that is not part of the exposure or comparator group does not fulfill this criterion  
 
 
For the intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, the censoring based on the augmentation/switching and treatment discontinuation 
will be replaced with a maximum allowed follow-up time of 365 days.  

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
7. Initial Feasibility Analysis  
Aetion report name: 
Optum- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1482/results/64422/result/0  
MarketScan- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1480/results/64423/result/0  
Medicare- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1479/results/64424/result/0  
 
Date conducted: 1/15/2021 
 
Complete Aetion feasibility analysis using age, sex, and CCI as the only covariates and the primary endpoint (Section 6.3.1) as the 
outcome. No measures of association will be computed nor will incidence rates stratified by treatment group. 
 
• Report patient characteristics by treatment group 
• Report summary parameters of study population 
• Report median follow-up time by treatment group 
• Report reasons for censoring in the overall study population 
 
8. Initial Power Assessment 
 
Aetion report name: 
For rivaroxaban vs. warfarin 
Optum- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1482/results/63169/result/0  
MarketScan- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1480/results/63168/result/0  
Mediare- https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1479/results/63200/result/0  
 
Date conducted:  12/22/2020 (Medicare 12/23/20) 
 
In order to complete the initial power analysis, the dummy outcome of a 90-day gap in database enrollment will be used. This 
outcome is used to ensure that no information on the comparative risks of the outcomes of interest are available at this stage. 
Complete a 1:1 PS-matched comparative analysis using this outcome. PS should include only 2 covariates: age and combined 
comorbidity index. Power calculations are based on the formulas from Chow et al. (2008). 
 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
• Stop analyses until feasibility and power are reviewed by primary investigators and FDA. Reviewers evaluate the results of the 
analyses described above in Sections 7 and 8, including numbers of patients, patient characteristics, follow-up time, and reasons 
for censoring by treatment group, as well as overall rates of outcomes and study power. These parameters are re-evaluated and 
reported in the subsequent sections, after incorporating feedback and refining the protocol. 
 
• Stop analyses until balance and final power assessment are reviewed by primary investigators, FDA, and assigned members of 
advisory board. 
Reviewed by PI: 
Jessica Franklin 
Date reviewed: 
11/18/2020 
Reviewed by FDA: 
Ken Quinto 
Date reviewed: 
11/29/2020 
Reasons for stopping 
analysis (if required): 
 
 
9. Balance Assessment 
 
Aetion report links: 
Optum: https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1482/results/63187/result/0  
Marketscan: https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1480/results/63178/result/0  
Medicare: https://bwh-dope.aetion.com/projects/details/1479/results/63202/result/0  
 
Date conducted: 12/23/20 
 
After review of initial feasibility and power analyses, complete creation of the remaining covariates from Section 6.2. Again, using the 
dummy outcome of a 90-day gap in database enrollment, complete a 1:1 PS-matched analysis. The PS should include the complete 
list of covariates. 
• Provide plot of PS distributions stratified by treatment group. 
 
Note- Please refer to Appendix B.  
 
• Report covariate balance after matching. 
 
Note- For Table 1, please refer to Appendix B.  
 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
• Report reasons for censoring by treatment group. 
 
Overall 
Referent 
Exposure 
Dummy outcome 
326 (1.04%) 
175 (1.11%) 
151 (0.96%) 
Death 
698 (2.22%) 
345 (2.20%) 
353 (2.25%) 
Start of an additional exposure 
1,548 (4.93%) 
983 (6.26 %) 
565 (3.60%) 
End of index exposure 
23,549 (74.98%) 
11,297 (71.94%) 
12,252 (78.02%) 
Specified date reached 
1,374 (4.37%) 
711 (4.53%) 
663 (4.22%) 
End of patient enrollment 
925 (2.95%) 
503 (3.20%) 
422 (2.69%) 
Switch to other NOACs (for censoring) + nursing home 
admission 
2,988 (9.51%) 
1,690 (10.76%) 
1,298 (8.27%) 
 
• Report follow-up time by treatment group. 
Median Follow-Up Time (Days) [IQR] 
Patient Group 
Optum 
Marketscan 
Medicare 
Overall Patient Population 
59 [29-131] 
73 [38-146] 
73 [38-154] 
Referent 
64 [28-138] 
78 [38-150] 
82 [38-165] 
Exposure 
54 [29-126] 
67 [38-141] 
65 [38-139] 
 
• Report overall risk of the primary outcome. 
 
 
Optum 
Marketscan 
Medicare 
Pooled 
Risk per 1,000 patients 
17.57 
18.15 
18.96 
18.54 
 
 
10. Final Power Assessment 
 
Date conducted: 12/23/20 
 
• Re-calculate power in the appropriate excel table, using the revised number of matched patients from the PS-match in Section 9. 
All other parameters in the table should be the same as in Section 8. 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
o Pooled 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
o Optum 
Superiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
25,970
Reference
12,985
Exposed
12,985
Risk per 1,000 patients
18.54
Desired HR from RCT
0.68
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Number of events expected
481.4838
Power
0.988435033
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
25,970
Reference
12,985
Exposed
12,985
Risk per 1,000 patients
18.54
Assumed HR from RCT
1
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
481.4838
Power
0.999999992

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o Marketscan 
 
 
Superiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
3,150
Reference
1,575
Exposed
1,575
Risk per 1,000 patients
17.57
Desired HR from RCT
0.68
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Number of events expected
55.3455
Power
0.299994744
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
3,150
Reference
1,575
Exposed
1,575
Risk per 1,000 patients
17.57
Assumed HR from RCT
1
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
55.3455
Power
0.731829277
Superiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
5,798
Reference
2,899
Exposed
2,899
Risk per 1,000 patients
18.15
Desired HR from RCT
0.68
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Number of events expected
105.2337
Power
0.507287833
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
5,798
Reference
2,899
Exposed
2,899
Risk per 1,000 patients
18.15
Assumed HR from RCT
1
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
105.2337
Power
0.944678362

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
o Medicare 
 
 
 
• Stop analyses until balance and final power assessment are reviewed by primary investigators, FDA, and assigned members of 
advisory board. 
Reviewed by PI: 
Shirley Wang 
Date reviewed: 
12/24/2020 
Reviewed by FDA: 
Ken Quinto 
Date reviewed: 
01/18/2020 
Reasons for stopping 
analysis (if required): 
 
 
11. Study Confidence and Concerns 
 
Deadline for voting on study confidence and listing concerns: 
Date votes and concerns are summarized:    
 
• If final feasibility and power analyses are reviewed and approved, proceed to the remaining protocol steps. 
• All study team and advisory board members that review this protocol should at this stage provide their level of confidence for the 
Superiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
17,022
Reference
8,511
Exposed
8,511
Risk per 1,000 patients
18.96
Desired HR from RCT
0.68
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Number of events expected
322.73712
Power
0.933738593
Non-inferiority Analysis
Number of patients matched
17,022
Reference
8,511
Exposed
8,511
Risk per 1,000 patients
18.96
Assumed HR from RCT
1
Alpha (2-sided)
0.05
Non-inferiority margin
2
Number of events expected
322.73712
Power
0.999990058

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
success of the RWD study in the Google Form. This form also provides space for reviewers to list any concerns that they feel may 
contribute to a failure to replicate the findings of the RCT, including differences in study populations, poor measurement of study 
variables, or residual confounding. All responses will be kept confidential and individual-level results will only be shared with the 
individual respondent. 
• After the deadline for voting has passed, provide the distribution of responses and summarize all concerns here. 
 
12. Register study protocol on clinicalTrials.gov 
 
Date conducted:    
 
• Register the study on clinicalTrials.gov and upload this document. 
 
13. Comparative Analyses 
 
Aetion report name: 
Date conducted:    
 
13.1 
For primary analysis:  
 
13.2 
For sensitivity analyses: 
 
 
14.  Requested Results  
 
14.1 
Table 1: Baseline characteristics before and after adjustment 
 
Variable 
 
Before adjustment 
After adjustment 
Referent 
Exposure 
Std. diff. 
Referent 
Exposure 
Std. diff. 
Number of patients 
 
 
- 
 
 
- 
Age categories 
 
 
 
 
 
 
… 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 
 
14.2 
Table 2: Follow-up time 
 
Patient Group 
Median Follow-Up Time (Days) [IQR] 
Overall Patient Population 
 
Referent 
 
Exposure 
 
 
14.3 
Table 3: Censoring events 
 
 
Overall 
Referent 
Exposure 
Outcome 
 
 
 
Death 
 
 
 
Start of an additional exposure 
 
 
 
End of index exposure 
 
 
 
Specified date reached 
 
 
 
End of patient data 
 
 
 
End of patient enrollment 
 
 
 
… 
 
 
 
 
14.4 
Table 4: Results from primary analyses; 
 
Analysis 
No. exposed events 
No. referent events 
Exposed rate 
Referent rate 
HR (95% CI) 
Crude 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis 1 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis 2 
 
 
 
 
 
... 
 
 
 
 
 
HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval. 
 

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14.5 
Table 5: Results from secondary analyses; 
 
 
15. References 
 
Agnelli G, Berkowitz S, Bounameaux H, et al. Oral Rivaroxaban for Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010; 
363:2499-2510 
 
Chow S, Shao J, Wang H. 2008.  Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research. 2nd Ed. Chapman & Hall/CRC Biostatistics Series. page 
177 
 
 

#
EINSTEIN DVT trial definitions 
Implementation in routine care
References/Rationale
Color coding
Rivaroxaban (15mg twice daily for 3 wks followed by 20 mg once daily) vs Warfarin (or acenocoumarol)
Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin
Criteria
Adequate mapping in claims
Recurrent thromboembolism defined as the composite of (Deep vein thrombosis) DVT or nonfatal or fatal 
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Measured 1 day after drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient care setting
Recurrent VTE (composite of DVT or PE):
See  'VTE' sheet for codes
Fang MC, Fan D, Sung SH, et al. Validity of Using Inpatient and Outpatient Administrative Codes to Identify 
Acute Venous Thromboembolism: The CVRN VTE Study. Med Care. 2017;55(12):e137-e143. 
Intermediate mapping in claims
Poor mapping or cannot be measured 
in claims 
1 Confirmed acute symptomatic proximal DVT without symptomatic PE
Measured 14 days prior to  and including the day of  drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or ED 
care setting as defined below:
DVT:
ICD-9 Dx: 
451.1x, 451.2x, 451.81, 451.9x, 453.1x, 453.2x, 453.8x, 453.9x, 453.40, 453.41, 453.42, 453.0
ICD-10 Dx: 
I80.1*, I80.2, I80.3, I80.9, I82.0, I82.1, I82.2* EXCEPT I82.2%1, I82.4*, I82.6*, I82.890, I82.90,  I82.A1*, I82.B1*, 
I82.C1*,  T800XXA (and I26.90 or  I26.99), T81718A (and I26.90 or  I26.99), T8172XA (and I26.90 or  I26.99), T82817A 
(and I26.90 or  I26.99), T82818A (and I26.90 or  I26.99) 
We will apply PE as exclusion criteria.
Can't be measured in claims but not 
important for the analysis
2 Written informed consent
N/A
1 Legal lower age limitations 
Measured on day of drug initiation 
Age ≤ 18
2 Thrombobectomy, insertion of a caval filter, or use of a fibrinolytic agent to treat the current episode of DVT or 
PE
Measured 14 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below:
Thrombectomy:
ICD-9 Px: 
39.74
ICD-10 Px: 
03CG3ZZ, 03CG4ZZ, 03CH3ZZ, 03CH4ZZ, 03CJ3ZZ, 03CJ4ZZ, 03CK3ZZ, 03CK4ZZ, 03CL3ZZ, 03CL4ZZ, 03CM3ZZ, 
03CM4ZZ, 03CN3ZZ, 03CN4ZZ, 03CP3ZZ, 03CP4ZZ, 03CQ3ZZ, 03CQ4ZZ, 03CR3ZZ, 03CR4ZZ, 03CS3ZZ, 03CS4ZZ, 
03CT3ZZ, 03CT4ZZ, 03CU3ZZ, 03CU4ZZ, 03CV3ZZ, 03CV4ZZ
HCPCS: C1757
Caval filter: 
CPT: 
37191, 37192
HCPCS: 
C1880
3 Other indications for VKA than DVT and/or PE
Measured 180 days prior to drug initiation in any diagnosis position and inpatient or outpatient care setting as 
defined below:
Atrial fibrillation:
ICD-9 Dx: 
427.3x
Acute coronary syndrome:
ICD-9 Dx:
 411.xx
ICD-10 Dx: 
I24.9
Heart failure: 
ICD-9 Dx:
 428.x, 398.91, 402.01, 402.11, 402.91, 404.01, 404.11, 404.91, 404.03, 404.13, 404.93
 
Prosthetic heart valve :
ICD-9 Dx:
 V43.3 
ICD-10 Dx:
 Z95.2
Ischemic Stroke:
ICD-9 Dx: 
433.xx, 434.xx, 436.xx 
4 More than 48 hours pre-randomization treatment with therapeutic dosages of anti-coagulant treatment or 
more than a single dose of VKA prior to randomization
N/A
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Some codes are not listed in this document because of excel cell size limitations and excessive number of ICD-10 codes. Full ICD-10 code lists will be 
available in the above Google Drive Folder (link above). ICD-9 to ICD-10 code conversions were completed using a SAS macro that implements 
forward/ backward mapping based on the CMS ICD-9 to ICD-10 mapping:
 https://www.nber.org/data/icd9-icd-10-cm-and-pcs-crosswalk-general-equivalence-mapping.html 
Please see the following Google Drive for further details or any missing information: 
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1WD618wrywYjEaXzfLTcuK-VCcnb6b-gV?usp=sharing
Trial details- Primary approval; Unintended S with label change
EXPOSURE vs. COMPARISON
PRIMARY OUTCOME
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Appendix A

5 Participation in another pharmacotherapeutic study within 30 days
N/A
6 Creatinine clearance <30 ml/min
Measured 180 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below:
CKD stage 4/5/ESRD:
ICD-9 Dx: 
585.4x, 585.5x, 585.6x
ICD-10 Dx: 
N18.4x, N18.5x, N18.6x 
7 Significant liver disease (e.g. acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis) or ALAT>3x ULN
Measured 180 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below:
Moderate/severe liver disease: 
ICD-9 Dx: 
070.xx, 570.xx- 573.xx, 456.0x-456.2x, 576.8x, 782.4x, 789.5x 
ICD-9 Px: 
39.1x and 42.91 
8 Bacterial endocarditis
Measured 180 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below: 
 
Bacterial endocarditis:
ICD-9 Dx: 
421.x
ICD-10 Dx: 
I33.x
9 Life expectancy <3 months
Measured over 365 days prior to drug initiation:
CCI >= 10
10 Active bleeding or high risk for bleeding contraindicating treatment with enoxaparin or VKA
Measured 180 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below:
Active bleeding or bleeding history-- see 'Major Bleeding' sheet
11 Systolic blood pressure >180 mgHg or diastolic blood pressure >110mgHg
Measured 180 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below:
Malignant Hypertension: 
ICD-9 Dx: 
401.0, 402.0, 402.00, 402.01, 403.0, 403.00, 403.01, 404.0, 404.00, 404.01, 404.02, 404.03, 405.0, 405.01, 405.09
12 Childbearing potential without proper contraceptive measures, pregnancy or breastfeeding
Measured 180 days prior to and including they day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient or 
outpatient care setting as defined below:
Pregnancy or lactation-- see 'Pregnancy' sheet
13 Any other contraindication listed in the local labeling of enoxaparin, warfarin, or acenocoumarol
N/A
14 Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. HIV protease inhibitors, systemic ketoconazole) or strong 
CYP3A4 inducers rifampin
Prescription claim for following CYP3A inhibitors or strong CYP3A inducers
Measured 14 days prior to and also on the drug initiation date
Inhibitors: Ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, nefazodone, ritonavir, saquinavir, 
nelfinavir, indinavir, atazanavir
Inducers: Rifampin, rifampicin/rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine
15
Symptomatic pulmonary embolism 
Measured 14 days prior to and including the day of drug initiation in any diagnosis position and in an inpatient care 
setting as defined below:
Pulmonary embolism:
ICD-9 Dx: 
415.1x
ICD-10 Dx: 
I26.* EXCEPT I26.90
Appendix A

Trial Catergory 
Secondary initiation
RCT Category  
5a- Successful NI with label change
Trial Name (with web links)
EINSTEIN DVT
Study Batch
NOACs
NCT
NCT00440193
Therapeutic Area
Cardiology/Vascular Diseases
Brand Name
Xarelto 
Generic Name
Rivaroxaban
Sponsor
Bayer
Year
2010
Measurable endpoint
Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism [VTE] (i.e. the Composite of 
Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT] or Fatal or Non-fatal Pulmonary Embolism [PE]) Until the Intended End of Study 
Treatment 
Exposure
Rivaroxaban
Comparator
Enoxaparin/VKA
Trial finding
HR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.44–1.04)
No. of Patients
3,449
Non-inferiority margin
HR = 2.0
Finding for potential Assay Sens. Outcome 
from trial- 
HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.99
Assay Sens. Finding
Percentage of Participants With the Composite Variable Comprising Recurrent DVT, Non-fatal PE and All Cause Mortality 
Until the Intended End of Study Treatment
Power
0.90. Assuming equal efficacy, a total of 88 events was calculated to give a power of 90% to prove that rivaroxaban is at 
least as effective as the comparator, considering a non-inferiority upper CI margin for the hazard ratio of 2.0 (two-sided 
α=0.05). A mean incidence for the primary efficacy outcome of 3% was expected and at least 1465 participants per 
group were determined to be necessary. This number was to be adjusted based on the observed overall incidence of 
symptomatic recurrent VTE.
Appendix A

Title
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
ICD-9 Dx inpatient primary position
PE
415.1
 PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND INFARCTION
415.11
 IATROGENIC PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND INFARCTION
415.19
 OTHER PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND INFARCTION
DVT
451.1
 PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF DEEP VEINS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES
451.11
 PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF FEMORAL VEIN (DEEP) (SUPERFICIAL)
451.19
 PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF OTHER
451.2
 PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES UNSPECIFIED
451.81
 PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF ILIAC VEIN
451.9
 PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF UNSPECIFIED SITE
453
 BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME
453.1
 THROMBOPHLEBITIS MIGRANS
453.2
 EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA
453.4
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VESSELS OF LOWER EXTREMITY
453.4
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF UNSPECIFIED DEEP VESSELS OF LOWER EXTREMITY
453.41
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VESSELS OF PROXIMAL LOWER EXTREMITY
453.42
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VESSELS OF DISTAL LOWER EXTREMITY
453.5
 CHRONIC VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VESSELS OF LOWER EXTREMITY
453.5
 CHRONIC VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF UNSPECIFIED DEEP VESSELS OF LOWER EXTREMITY
453.51
 CHRONIC VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VESSELS OF PROXIMAL LOWER EXTREMITY
453.52
 CHRONIC VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VESSELS OF DISTAL LOWER EXTREMITY
453.8
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF OTHER SPECIFIED VEINS
453.82
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VEINS OF UPPER EXTREMITY
453.83
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF UPPER EXTREMITY UNSPECIFIED
453.84
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF AXILLARY VEINS
453.85
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF SUBCLAVIAN VEINS
453.86
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS
453.87
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF OTHER THORACIC VEINS
453.89
 ACUTE VENOUS EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF OTHER SPECIFIED VEINS
Appendix A

453.9
 EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS OF UNSPECIFIED SITE
ICD-10 Dx inpatient primary position
PE
I26.0 
 Pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale
I26.01 
 Septic pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale
I26.02 
 Saddle embolus of pulmonary artery with acute cor pulmonale
I26.09 
 Other pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale
I26.9 
 Pulmonary embolism without acute cor pulmonale
I26.99 
 Other pulmonary embolism without acute cor pulmonale
DVT
I80.1 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of femoral vein
I80.10 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified femoral vein
I80.11 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of right femoral vein
I80.12 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of left femoral vein
I80.13 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of femoral vein, bilateral
I80.2 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other and unspecified deep vessels of lower extremities
I80.20 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified deep vessels of lower extremities
I80.201 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified deep vessels of right lower extremity
I80.202 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified deep vessels of left lower extremity
I80.203 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified deep vessels of lower extremities, bilateral
I80.209 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified deep vessels of unspecified lower extremity
I80.21 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of iliac vein
I80.211 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of right iliac vein
I80.212 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of left iliac vein
I80.213 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of iliac vein, bilateral
I80.219 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified iliac vein
I80.22 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of popliteal vein
I80.221 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of right popliteal vein
I80.222 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of left popliteal vein
I80.223 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of popliteal vein, bilateral
I80.229 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified popliteal vein
I80.23 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of tibial vein
I80.231 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of right tibial vein
Appendix A

I80.232 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of left tibial vein
I80.233 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of tibial vein, bilateral
I80.239 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified tibial vein
I80.29 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other deep vessels of lower extremities
I80.291 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other deep vessels of right lower extremity
I80.292 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other deep vessels of left lower extremity
I80.293 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other deep vessels of lower extremity, bilateral
I80.299 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of other deep vessels of unspecified lower extremity
I80.3 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of lower extremities, unspecified
I80.9 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of unspecified site
I82.0 
Exposure) Rivaroxaban+E+E6
I82.1 
 Thrombophlebitis migrans
I80.3 
 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of lower extremities, unspecified
I82.4 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of lower extremity
I82.40 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of lower extremity
I82.401 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right lower extremity
I82.402 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left lower extremity
I82.403 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of lower extremity, bilateral
I82.409 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified lower extremity
I82.41 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of femoral vein
I82.411 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right femoral vein
I82.412 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left femoral vein
I82.413 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of femoral vein, bilateral
I82.419 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified femoral vein
I82.42 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of iliac vein
I82.421 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right iliac vein
I82.422 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left iliac vein
I82.423 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of iliac vein, bilateral
I82.429 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified iliac vein
I82.43 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of popliteal vein
I82.431 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right popliteal vein
I82.432 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left popliteal vein
I82.433 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of popliteal vein, bilateral
I82.439 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified popliteal vein
I82.44 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of tibial vein
Appendix A

I82.441 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right tibial vein
I82.442 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left tibial vein
I82.443 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of tibial vein, bilateral
I82.449 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified tibial vein
I82.49 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of lower extremity
I82.491 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of right lower extremity
I82.492 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of left lower extremity
I82.493 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of lower extremity, bilateral
I82.499 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of unspecified lower extremity
I82.4Y 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of proximal lower extremity
I82.4Y1 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right proximal lower extremity
I82.4Y2 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left proximal lower extremity
I82.4Y3 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of proximal lower extremity, bilateral
I82.4Y9 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified proximal lower extremity
I82.4Z 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of distal lower extremity
I82.4Z1 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right distal lower extremity
I82.4Z2 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left distal lower extremity
I82.4Z3 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of distal lower extremity, bilateral
I82.4Z9 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified distal lower extremity
I82.5 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of lower extremity
I82.50 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of lower extremity
I82.501 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right lower extremity
I82.502 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left lower extremity
I82.503 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of lower extremity, bilateral
I82.509 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified lower extremity
I82.51 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of femoral vein
I82.511 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of right femoral vein
I82.512 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of left femoral vein
I82.513 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of femoral vein, bilateral
I82.519 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified femoral vein
I82.52 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of iliac vein
I82.521 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of right iliac vein
I82.522 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of left iliac vein
I82.523 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of iliac vein, bilateral
I82.529 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified iliac vein
Appendix A

I82.53 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of popliteal vein
I82.531 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of right popliteal vein
I82.532 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of left popliteal vein
I82.533 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of popliteal vein, bilateral
I82.539 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified popliteal vein
I82.54 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of tibial vein
I82.541 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of right tibial vein
I82.542 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of left tibial vein
I82.543 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of tibial vein, bilateral
I82.549 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified tibial vein
I82.59 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of lower extremity
I82.591 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of right lower extremity
I82.592 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of left lower extremity
I82.593 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of lower extremity, bilateral
I82.599 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of other specified deep vein of unspecified lower extremity
I82.5Y 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of proximal lower extremity
I82.5Y1 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right proximal lower extremity
I82.5Y2 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left proximal lower extremity
I82.5Y3 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of proximal lower extremity, bilateral
I82.5Y9 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified proximal lower extremity
I82.5Z 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of distal lower extremity
I82.5Z1 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of right distal lower extremity
I82.5Z2 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of left distal lower extremity
I82.5Z3 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of distal lower extremity, bilateral
I82.5Z9 
 Chronic embolism and thrombosis of unspecified deep veins of unspecified distal lower extremity
I82.6 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of veins of upper extremity
I82.60 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of upper extremity
I82.601 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of right upper extremity
I82.602 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of left upper extremity
I82.603 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of upper extremity, bilateral
I82.609 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified veins of unspecified upper extremity
I82.62 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of upper extremity
I82.621 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of right upper extremity
I82.622 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of left upper extremity
I82.623 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of upper extremity, bilateral
Appendix A

I82.629 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of deep veins of unspecified upper extremity
I82.890 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of other specified veins
I82.90 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified vein
I82.A1 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of axillary vein
I82.A11 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right axillary vein
I82.A12 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left axillary vein
I82.A13 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of axillary vein, bilateral
I82.A19 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified axillary vein
I82.B1 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of subclavian vein
I82.B11 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right subclavian vein
I82.B12 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left subclavian vein
I82.B13 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of subclavian vein, bilateral
I82.B19 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified subclavian vein
I82.C1 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of internal jugular vein
I82.C11 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of right internal jugular vein
I82.C12 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of left internal jugular vein
I82.C13 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of internal jugular vein, bilateral
I82.C19 
 Acute embolism and thrombosis of unspecified internal jugular vein
Appendix A

Title
Major Bleeding
ICD-9 Dx: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient
562.02
 DIVERTICULOSIS OF SMALL INTESTINE WITH HEMORRHAGE
562.03
 DIVERTICULITIS OF SMALL INTESTINE WITH HEMORRHAGE
562.12
 DIVERTICULOSIS OF COLON WITH HEMORRHAGE
562.13
 DIVERTICULITIS OF COLON WITH HEMORRHAGE
568.81
 HEMOPERITONEUM (NONTRAUMATIC
569.3
 HEMORRHAGE OF RECTUM AND ANUS
569.83
 PERFORATION OF INTESTINE
569.85
 ANGIODYSPLASIA OF INTESTINE WITH HEMORRHAGE OF INTESTINE
569.86
 DIEULAFOY LESION (HEMORRHAGIC
578
 HEMATEMESIS
578.9
 HEMORRHAGE OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT UNSPECIFIED
423
 HEMOPERICARDIUM
432
 NONTRAUMATIC EXTRADURAL HEMORRHAGE
432.1
 SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE
432.9
 UNSPECIFIED INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
459
 HEMORRHAGE UNSPECIFIED
531
 ACUTE GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE
531
 ACUTE GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
531.01
 ACUTE GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
531.2
 ACUTE GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
531.2
 ACUTE GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
531.21
 ACUTE GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
531.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE
531.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
531.41
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
531.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
531.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
531.61
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTRIC ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
532
 ACUTE DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE
532
 ACUTE DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
532.01
 ACUTE DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
532.2
 ACUTE DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
532.2
 ACUTE DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
532.21
 ACUTE DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
532.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE
532.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
532.41
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
Appendix A

532.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
532.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
532.61
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED DUODENAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
533
 ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE
533
 ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
533.01
 ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
533.2
 ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
533.2
 ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
533.21
 ACUTE PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
533.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE
533.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
533.41
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
533.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
533.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
533.61
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED PEPTIC ULCER OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
534
 ACUTE GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE
534
 ACUTE GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
534.01
 ACUTE GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
534.2
 ACUTE GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
534.2
 ACUTE GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
534.21
 ACUTE GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
534.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE
534.4
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
534.41
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE WITH OBSTRUCTION
534.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION
534.6
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
534.61
 CHRONIC OR UNSPECIFIED GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER WITH HEMORRHAGE AND PERFORATION WITH OBSTRUCTION
578.1
 BLOOD IN STOOL
719.1
 HEMARTHROSIS
719.1
 HEMARTHROSIS SITE UNSPECIFIED
719.11
 HERARTHROSIS INVOLVING SHOULDER REGION
719.12
 HEMARTHORSIS INVOLVING UPPER ARM
719.13
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING FOREARM
719.14
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING HAND
719.15
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING PELVIC REGION AND THIGH
719.16
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING LOWER LEG
719.17
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING ANKLE AND FOOT
719.18
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING OTHER SPECIFIED SITES
719.19
 HEMARTHROSIS INVOLVING MULTIPLE SITES
430
 SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
431
 INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
Appendix A

784.7
 EPISTAXIS
784.8
 HEMORRHAGE FROM THROAT
599.7
 HEMATURIA
599.7
 HEMATURIA UNSPECIFIED
599.71
 GROSS HEMATURIA
599.72
 MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA
786.3
 HEMOPTYSIS
786.3
 HEMOPTYSIS UNSPECIFIED
786.31
 ACUTE IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN INFANTS
786.39
 OTHER HEMOPTYSIS
ICD-10 Dx: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient
I31.2 
 Hemopericardium, not elsewhere classified
I60.00 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified carotid siphon and bifurcation
I60.01 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right carotid siphon and bifurcation
I60.02 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left carotid siphon and bifurcation
I60.10 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified middle cerebral artery
I60.11 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right middle cerebral artery
I60.12 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left middle cerebral artery
I60.2 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from anterior communicating artery
I60.30 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified posterior communicating artery
I60.31 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right posterior communicating artery
I60.32 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left posterior communicating artery
I60.4 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from basilar artery
I60.50 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified vertebral artery
I60.51 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from right vertebral artery
I60.52 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from left vertebral artery
I60.6 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from other intracranial arteries
I60.7 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from unspecified intracranial artery
I60.8 
 Other nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
I60.9 
 Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, unspecified
I61.0 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in hemisphere, subcortical
I61.1 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in hemisphere, cortical
I61.2 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in hemisphere, unspecified
I61.3 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in brain stem
I61.4 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in cerebellum
I61.5 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular
I61.6 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple localized
I61.8 
 Other nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage
I61.9 
 Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, unspecified
I62.00 
 Nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage, unspecified
Appendix A

I62.01 
 Nontraumatic acute subdural hemorrhage
I62.02 
 Nontraumatic subacute subdural hemorrhage
I62.03 
 Nontraumatic chronic subdural hemorrhage
I62.1 
 Nontraumatic extradural hemorrhage
I62.9 
 Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, unspecified
K25.0 
 Acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage
K25.2 
 Acute gastric ulcer with both hemorrhage and perforation
K25.4 
 Chronic or unspecified gastric ulcer with hemorrhage
K25.6 
 Chronic or unspecified gastric ulcer with both hemorrhage and perforation
K26.0 
 Acute duodenal ulcer with hemorrhage
K26.2 
 Acute duodenal ulcer with both hemorrhage and perforation
K26.4 
 Chronic or unspecified duodenal ulcer with hemorrhage
K26.6 
 Chronic or unspecified duodenal ulcer with both hemorrhage and perforation
K27.0 
 Acute peptic ulcer, site unspecified, with hemorrhage
K27.2 
 Acute peptic ulcer, site unspecified, with both hemorrhage and perforation
K27.4 
 Chronic or unspecified peptic ulcer, site unspecified, with hemorrhage
K27.6 
 Chronic or unspecified peptic ulcer, site unspecified, with both hemorrhage and perforation
K28.0 
 Acute gastrojejunal ulcer with hemorrhage
K28.2 
 Acute gastrojejunal ulcer with both hemorrhage and perforation
K28.4 
 Chronic or unspecified gastrojejunal ulcer with hemorrhage
K28.6 
 Chronic or unspecified gastrojejunal ulcer with both hemorrhage and perforation
K55.21 
 Angiodysplasia of colon with hemorrhage
K56.60 
 Unspecified intestinal obstruction
K57.01 
 Diverticulitis of small intestine with perforation and abscess with bleeding
K57.11 
 Diverticulosis of small intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.13 
 Diverticulitis of small intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.21 
 Diverticulitis of large intestine with perforation and abscess with bleeding
K57.31 
 Diverticulosis of large intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.33 
 Diverticulitis of large intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.41 
 Diverticulitis of both small and large intestine with perforation and abscess with bleeding
K57.51 
 Diverticulosis of both small and large intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.53 
 Diverticulitis of both small and large intestine without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.81 
 Diverticulitis of intestine, part unspecified, with perforation and abscess with bleeding
K57.91 
 Diverticulosis of intestine, part unspecified, without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K57.93 
 Diverticulitis of intestine, part unspecified, without perforation or abscess with bleeding
K62.5 
 Hemorrhage of anus and rectum
K63.1 
 Perforation of intestine (nontraumatic
K63.81 
 Dieulafoy lesion of intestine
K66.1 
 Hemoperitoneum
K92.0 
 Hematemesis
K92.1 
 Melena
Appendix A

K92.2 
 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unspecified
M25.00 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified joint
M25.011 
 Hemarthrosis, right shoulder
M25.012 
 Hemarthrosis, left shoulder
M25.019 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified shoulder
M25.021 
 Hemarthrosis, right elbow
M25.022 
 Hemarthrosis, left elbow
M25.029 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified elbow
M25.031 
 Hemarthrosis, right wrist
M25.032 
 Hemarthrosis, left wrist
M25.039 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified wrist
M25.041 
 Hemarthrosis, right hand
M25.042 
 Hemarthrosis, left hand
M25.049 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified hand
M25.051 
 Hemarthrosis, right hip
M25.052 
 Hemarthrosis, left hip
M25.059 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified hip
M25.061 
 Hemarthrosis, right knee
M25.062 
 Hemarthrosis, left knee
M25.069 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified knee
M25.071 
 Hemarthrosis, right ankle
M25.072 
 Hemarthrosis, left ankle
M25.073 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified ankle
M25.074 
 Hemarthrosis, right foot
M25.075 
 Hemarthrosis, left foot
M25.076 
 Hemarthrosis, unspecified foot
M25.08 
 Hemarthrosis, other specified site
R58 
 Hemorrhage, not elsewhere classified
R04 
 Hemorrhage from respiratory passages
R04.0 
 Epistaxis
R04.1 
 Hemorrhage from throat
R04.2 
 Hemoptysis
R04.8 
 Hemorrhage from other sites in respiratory passages
R04.81 
 Acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in infants
R04.89 
 Hemorrhage from other sites in respiratory passages
R04.9 
 Hemorrhage from respiratory passages, unspecified
R31 
 Hematuria
R31.0 
 Gross hematuria
R31.1 
 Benign essential microscopic hematuria
R31.2 
 Other microscopic hematuria
R31.21
Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria
Appendix A

R31.29
Other microscopic hematuria
R31.9 
Hematuria, unspecified
ICD-9 Px 
44.43
ENDOSCOPIC CONTROL OF GASTRIC OF DUODENAL BLEEDING
ICD-10 Px
0W3P8ZZ 
Control Bleeding in Gastrointestinal Tract, Via Natural or Artificial Opening Endoscopic
HCPCS 
43255
 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with control of bleeding, any method / Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 
including esophagus, stomach, and either the duodenum and/or jejunum as appropriate; with control of bleeding, any method
Appendix A

Pregnancy 
Dx codes 
650   NORMAL DELIVERY
660   OBSTRUCTED LABOR
661   ABNORMALITY OF FORCES OF LABOR
662   LONG LABOR
663   UMBILICAL CORD COMPLICATIONS DURING LABOR AND DELIVERY
664   TRAUMA TO PERINEUM AND VULVA DURING DELIVERY
665   OTHER OBSTETRICAL TRAUMA
667   RETAINED PLACENTA OR MEMBRANES WITHOUT HEMORRHAGE
668   COMPLICATIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANESTHETIC OR OTHER SEDATION IN LABOR AND DELIVERY
669.94   UNSPECIFIED COMPLICATION OF LABOR AND DELIVERY POSTPARTUM CONDITION OR COMPLICATION
V24   POSTPARTUM CARE AND EXAMINATION
V24.0   POSTPARTUM CARE AND EXAMINATION IMMEDIATELY AFTER DELIVERY
V24.1   POSTPARTUM CARE AND EXAMINATION OF LACTATING MOTHER
V24.2   ROUTINE POSTPARTUM FOLLOW
V27   OUTCOME OF DELIVERY
V27.0   MOTHER WITH SINGLE LIVEBORN
V27.1   MOTHER WITH SINGLE STILLBORN
V27.2   MOTHER WITH TWINS BOTH LIVEBORN
V27.3   MOTHER WITH TWINS ONE LIVEBORN AND ONE STILLBORN
V27.4   MOTHER WITH TWINS BOTH STILLBORN
V27.5   MOTHER WITH OTHER MULTIPLE BIRTH ALL LIVEBORN
V27.6   MOTHER WITH OTHER MULTIPLE BIRTH SOME LIVEBORN
V27.7   MOTHER WITH OTHER MULTIPLE BIRTH ALL STILLBORN
V27.9   MOTHER WITH UNSPECIFIED OUTCOME OF DELIVERY
Procedure codes 
72.0   LOW FORCEPS OPERATION
72.1   LOW FORCEPS OPERATION WITH EPISIOTOMY
72.2   MID FORCEPS OPERATION
72.21   MID FORCEPS OPERATION WITH EPISIOTOMY
72.29   OTHER MID FORCEPS OPERATION
72.3   HIGH FORCEPS OPERATION
72.31   HIGH FORCEPS OPERATION WITH EPISIOTOMY
72.39   OTHER HIGH FORCEPS OPERATION
Appendix A

72.4   FORCEPS ROTATION OF FETAL HEAD
72.5   BREECH EXTRACTION
72.51   PARTIAL BREECH EXTRACTION WITH FORCEPS TO AFTERCOMING HEAD
72.52   OTHER PARTIAL BREECH EXTRACTION
72.53   TOTAL BREECH EXTRACTION WITH FORCEPS TO AFTERCOMING HEAD
72.54   OTHER TOTAL BREECH EXTRACTION
72.6   FORCEPS APPLICATION TO AFTERCOMING HEAD
72.7   VACUUM EXTRACTION
72.71   VACUUM EXTRACTION WITH EPISIOTOMY
72.79   OTHER VACUUM EXTRACTION
72.8   OTHER SPECIFIED INSTRUMENTAL DELIVERY
72.9   UNSPECIFIED INSTRUMENTAL DELIVERY
73.0   ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
73.01   INDUCTION OF LABOR BY ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
73.09   OTHER ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
73.1   OTHER SURGICAL INDUCTION OF LABOR
73.2   INTERNAL AND COMBINED VERSION AND EXTRACTION
73.21   INTERNAL AND COMBINED VERSION WITHOUT EXTRACTION
73.22   INTERNAL AND COMBINED VERSION WITH EXTRACTION
73.3   FAILED FORCEPS
73.4   MEDICAL INDUCTION OF LABOR
73.5   MANUALLY ASSISTED DELIVERY
73.51   MANUAL ROTATION OF FETAL HEAD
73.59   OTHER MANUALLY ASSISTED DELIVERY
73.6   EPISIOTOMY
73.8   OPERATIONS ON FETUS TO FACILITATE DELIVERY
73.9   OTHER OPERATIONS ASSISTING DELIVERY
73.91   EXTERNAL VERSION ASSISTING DELIVERY
73.92   REPLACEMENT OF PROLAPSED UMBILICAL CORD
73.93   INCISION OF CERVIX TO ASSIST DELIVERY
73.94   PUBIOTOMY TO ASSIST DELIVERY
73.99   OTHER OPERATIONS ASSISTING DELIVERY
74.0   CLASSICAL CESAREAN SECTION
74.1   LOW CERVICAL CESAREAN SECTION
74.2   EXTRAPERITONEAL CESAREAN SECTION
Appendix A

74.3   REMOVAL OF EXTRATUBAL ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
74.4   CESAREAN SECTION OF OTHER SPECIFIED TYPE
74.9   CESAREAN SECTION OF UNSPECIFIED TYPE
74.91   HYSTEROTOMY TO TERMINATE PREGNANCY
74.99   OTHER CESAREAN SECTION OF UNSPECIFIED TYPE
75.4   MANUAL REMOVAL OF RETAINED PLACENTA
75.5   REPAIR OF CURRENT OBSTETRIC LACERATION OF UTERUS
75.6   REPAIR OF OTHER CURRENT OBSTETRIC LACERATION
75.7   MANUAL EXPLORATION OF UTERINE CAVITY, POSTPARTUM
75.9   OTHER OBSTETRIC OPERATIONS
Appendix A

AFTER PS MATCHING
BEFORE PS MATCHING
Optum
MarketScan
Medicare
The c-statistics for the propensity score model, pre-matching was 0.925. The postmatching c-statistic 
was 0.568
The c-statistics for the propensity score model, pre-matching was 0.873. The post-matching 
c-statistic was 0.557.
The c-statistics for the propensity score model, pre-matching was 0.89. The post-matching c-statistic 
was 0.536.
Appendix B

Variable
 Reference- warfarin Copy 
 Exposure - rivaroxaban 
(15 or 20 mg) Copy 
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copy oxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copy 15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff.  Reference- warfarin Copy 
 Exposure - rivaroxaban 
(15 or 20 mg) Copy 
St. Diff.
Number of patients
7,413 
3,940 
13,977
 
3,908
 
32,619
 
16,748
 
54,009 
24,596 
Age
...mean (sd)
64.55 (15.26)
64.30 (15.26)
0.02
56.88 (15.95)
54.05 (15.64)
0.18
77.01 (8.04)
75.83 (7.74)
0.15
70.09 (11.70)
70.52 (10.81)
-0.04
Age categories without zero category
...18 - 54; n (%)
1,823 (24.6%)
938 (23.8%)
0.02
6,009 (43.0%)
1,966 (50.3%)
-0.15
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
7,832 (14.5%)
2904 (11.8%)
0.08
...55 - 64; n (%)
1,258 (17.0%)
646 (16.4%)
0.02
4,046 (28.9%)
1,128 (28.9%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
5,304 (9.8%)
1,774 (7.2%)
0.09
...65 - 74; n (%)
2,057 (27.7%)
1,289 (32.7%)
-0.11
1,840 (13.2%)
415 (10.6%)
0.08
14,321 (43.9%)
8,365 (49.9%)
-0.12
18,218 (33.7%)
10,069 (40.9%)
-0.15
...>= 75; n (%)
2,275 (30.7%)
1,067 (27.1%)
0.08
2,082 (14.9%)
399 (10.2%)
0.14
18,298 (56.1%)
8,383 (50.1%)
0.12
22,655 (41.9%)
9,849 (40.0%)
0.04
Gender without zero category- United
...Males; n (%)
3,360 (45.3%)
1,804 (45.8%)
-0.01
6,838 (48.9%)
1,898 (48.6%)
0.01
11,768 (36.1%)
6,573 (39.2%)
-0.06
21,966 (40.7%)
10,275 (41.8%)
-0.02
...Females; n (%)
4,052 (54.7%)
2,136 (54.2%)
0.01
7,139 (51.1%)
2,010 (51.4%)
-0.01
20,851 (63.9%)
10,175 (60.8%)
0.06
32,042 (59.3%)
14,321 (58.2%)
0.02
Race 
...White; n (%)
27,361 (83.9%)
14,167 (84.6%)
27,361 (83.9%)
14,167 (84.6%)
0.00
...Black; n (%)
3,680 (11.3%)
1,731 (10.3%)
3,680 (11.3%)
1,731 (10.3%)
0.00
...Asian; n (%)
255 (0.8%)
138 (0.8%)
255 (0.8%)
138 (0.8%)
0.00
...Hispanic; n (%)
699 (2.1%)
351 (2.1%)
699 (2.1%)
351 (2.1%)
0.00
...North American Native; n (%)
147 (0.5%)
51 (0.3%)
147 (0.5%)
51 (0.3%)
0.00
...Other/Unknown; n (%)
477 (1.5%)
310 (1.9%)
477 (1.5%)
310 (1.9%)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
Region without zero category- United v3 (lumping 
missing&other category with West)
0
0
#VALUE!
2,574 (18.4%)
668 (17.1%)
0.03
6,317 (19.4%)
3,229 (19.3%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
...Northeast; n (%)
831 (11.2%)
501 (12.7%)
-0.05
4,295 (30.7%)
1,033 (26.4%)
0.10
11,948 (36.6%)
7,062 (42.2%)
-0.11
17,074 (31.6%)
8,596 (34.9%)
-0.07
...South; n (%)
3,054 (41.2%)
1,714 (43.5%)
-0.05
5,245 (37.5%)
1,760 (45.0%)
-0.15
8,837 (27.1%)
3,639 (21.7%)
0.13
17,136 (31.7%)
7,113 (28.9%)
0.06
...Midwest; n (%)
1,858 (25.1%)
930 (23.6%)
0.03
1,684 (12.0%)
407 (10.4%)
0.05
5,432 (16.7%)
2,794 (16.7%)
0.00
8,974 (16.6%)
4,131 (16.8%)
-0.01
...Unknown+missing; n (%)
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
179 (1.3%)
40 (1.0%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
179 (1.3%)
40 (1.0%)
0.03
CV Covariates
Ischemic heart disease; n (%)
1,075 (14.5%)
527 (13.4%)
0.03
1,607 (11.5%)
375 (9.6%)
0.06
6,992 (21.4%)
3,153 (18.8%)
0.06
9,674 (17.9%)
4,055 (16.5%)
0.04
Acute MI; n (%)
76 (1.0%)
45 (1.1%)
-0.01
185 (1.3%)
59 (1.5%)
-0.02
443 (1.4%)
201 (1.2%)
0.02
704 (1.3%)
305 (1.2%)
0.01
ACS/unstable angina; n (%)
24 (0.3%)
17 (0.4%)
-0.02
27 (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
119 (0.4%)
100 (0.6%)
-0.03
170 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Old MI; n (%)
221 (3.0%)
97 (2.5%)
0.03
212 (1.5%)
45 (1.2%)
0.03
1,484 (4.5%)
688 (4.1%)
0.02
1917 (3.5%)
830 (3.4%)
0.01
Stable angina; n (%)
127 (1.7%)
74 (1.9%)
-0.02
164 (1.2%)
53 (1.4%)
-0.02
554 (1.7%)
288 (1.7%)
0.00
845 (1.6%)
415 (1.7%)
-0.01
Coronary atherosclerosis and other forms of chronic 
ischemic heart disease; n (%)
958 (12.9%)
448 (11.4%)
0.05
1,407 (10.1%)
304 (7.8%)
0.08
6,404 (19.6%)
2,807 (16.8%)
0.07
8,769 (16.2%)
3,559 (14.5%)
0.05
Other atherosclerosis with ICD10 v2 Copy; n (%)
76 (1.0%)
38 (1.0%)
0.00
132 (0.9%)
19 (0.5%)
0.05
473 (1.5%)
161 (1.0%)
0.05
681 (1.3%)
218 (0.9%)
0.04
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) 
v4; n (%)
43 (0.6%)
** (0.2%)
0.06
77 (0.6%)
16 (0.4%)
0.03
171 (0.5%)
53 (0.3%)
0.03
291 (0.5%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
History of CABG or PTCA; n (%)
300 (4.0%)
153 (3.9%)
0.01
253 (1.8%)
57 (1.5%)
0.02
2,547 (7.8%)
1,061 (6.3%)
0.06
3,100 (5.7%)
1,271 (5.2%)
0.02
Any stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Ischemic stroke (w and w/o mention of cerebral 
infarction); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Hemorrhagic stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
000 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
TIA; n (%)
74 (1.0%)
29 (0.7%)
0.03
110 (0.8%)
31 (0.8%)
0.00
400 (1.2%)
174 (1.0%)
0.02
584 (1.1%)
234 (1.0%)
0.01
Other cerebrovascular disease; n (%)
135 (1.8%)
41 (1.0%)
0.07
195 (1.4%)
31 (0.8%)
0.06
748 (2.3%)
309 (1.8%)
0.04
1078 (2.0%)
381 (1.5%)
0.04
Cerebrovascular procedure; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
Heart failure (CHF); n (%)
** (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
13 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) or PVD Surgery v2; 
n (%)
868 (11.7%)
403 (10.2%)
0.05
1,462 (10.5%)
394 (10.1%)
0.01
4,144 (12.7%)
1,860 (11.1%)
0.05
6,474 (12.0%)
2,657 (10.8%)
0.04
Atrial fibrillation; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Other cardiac dysrhythmia; n (%)
835 (11.3%)
424 (10.8%)
0.02
1,471 (10.5%)
377 (9.6%)
0.03
4,288 (13.1%)
1,861 (11.1%)
0.06
6,594 (12.2%)
2,662 (10.8%)
0.04
Cardiac conduction disorders; n (%)
307 (4.1%)
174 (4.4%)
-0.01
391 (2.8%)
115 (2.9%)
-0.01
1,807 (5.5%)
932 (5.6%)
0.00
2505 (4.6%)
1221 (5.0%)
-0.02
Other CVD; n (%)
1,128 (15.2%)
591 (15.0%)
0.01
2,126 (15.2%)
587 (15.0%)
0.01
5,129 (15.7%)
2,459 (14.7%)
0.03
8,383 (15.5%)
3,637 (14.8%)
0.02
Diabetes-related complications
Occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy v2 Copy; n (%)
430 (5.8%)
242 (6.1%)
-0.01
438 (3.1%)
121 (3.1%)
0.00
1,714 (5.3%)
819 (4.9%)
0.02
2582 (4.8%)
1182 (4.8%)
0.00
Occurrence of diabetic nephropathy V3 with ICD10 
Copy; n (%)
235 (3.2%)
139 (3.5%)
-0.02
210 (1.5%)
52 (1.3%)
0.02
813 (2.5%)
382 (2.3%)
0.01
1,258 (2.3%)
573 (2.3%)
0.00
Hypoglycemia v2; n (%)
125 (1.7%)
34 (0.9%)
0.07
202 (1.4%)
37 (0.9%)
0.05
846 (2.6%)
389 (2.3%)
0.02
1173 (2.2%)
460 (1.9%)
0.02
Hyperglycemia; n (%)
432 (5.8%)
266 (6.8%)
-0.04
536 (3.8%)
179 (4.6%)
-0.04
2,248 (6.9%)
1,306 (7.8%)
-0.03
3216 (6.0%)
1751 (7.1%)
-0.04
Diabetic ketoacidosis; n (%)
43 (0.6%)
15 (0.4%)
0.03
76 (0.5%)
23 (0.6%)
-0.01
93 (0.3%)
47 (0.3%)
0.00
212 (0.4%)
85 (0.3%)
0.02
Hypertension: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims 
within 365 days; n (%)
4,752 (64.1%)
2,425 (61.5%)
0.05
7,213 (51.6%)
1,912 (48.9%)
0.05
26,154 (80.2%)
12,823 (76.6%)
0.09
38,119 (70.6%)
17,160 (69.8%)
0.02
Hyperlipidemia v2; n (%)
3,522 (47.5%)
1,740 (44.2%)
0.07
4,709 (33.7%)
1,254 (32.1%)
0.03
17,566 (53.9%)
8,658 (51.7%)
0.04
25,797 (47.8%)
11,652 (47.4%)
0.01
Edema; n (%)
2,328 (31.4%)
1,209 (30.7%)
0.02
3,008 (21.5%)
981 (25.1%)
-0.09
8,516 (26.1%)
4,346 (25.9%)
0.00
13852 (25.6%)
6536 (26.6%)
-0.02
Renal Dysfunction (non-diabetic) v2; n (%)
1,752 (23.6%)
762 (19.3%)
0.10
2,250 (16.1%)
585 (15.0%)
0.03
8,823 (27.0%)
3,546 (21.2%)
0.14
12,825 (23.7%)
4,893 (19.9%)
0.09
Occurrence of acute renal disease v2; n (%)
785 (10.6%)
321 (8.1%)
0.09
1,104 (7.9%)
319 (8.2%)
-0.01
3,945 (12.1%)
1,484 (8.9%)
0.10
5834 (10.8%)
2124 (8.6%)
0.07
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency; n (%)
1,035 (14.0%)
403 (10.2%)
0.12
990 (7.1%)
188 (4.8%)
0.10
5,734 (17.6%)
1,950 (11.6%)
0.17
7,759 (14.4%)
2,541 (10.3%)
0.12
Chronic kidney disease v2; n (%)
1,002 (13.5%)
387 (9.8%)
0.12
941 (6.7%)
164 (4.2%)
0.11
5,447 (16.7%)
1,859 (11.1%)
0.16
7,390 (13.7%)
2,410 (9.8%)
0.12
CKD Stage 3-4; n (%)
597 (8.1%)
245 (6.2%)
0.07
515 (3.7%)
82 (2.1%)
0.10
3,238 (9.9%)
1,103 (6.6%)
0.12
4,350 (8.1%)
1,430 (5.8%)
0.09
Occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy; n (%)
637 (8.6%)
240 (6.1%)
0.10
508 (3.6%)
80 (2.0%)
0.10
4,290 (13.2%)
1,327 (7.9%)
0.17
5,435 (10.1%)
1,647 (6.7%)
0.12
Occurrence of miscellaneous renal insufficiency v2; n 
(%)
677 (9.1%)
300 (7.6%)
0.05
945 (6.8%)
248 (6.3%)
0.02
2,885 (8.8%)
1,275 (7.6%)
0.04
4,507 (8.3%)
1,823 (7.4%)
0.03
Other Covariates
Liver disease; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Osteoarthritis; n (%)
2,271 (30.6%)
1,234 (31.3%)
-0.02
3,146 (22.5%)
820 (21.0%)
0.04
11,828 (36.3%)
5,866 (35.0%)
0.03
17245 (31.9%)
7920 (32.2%)
-0.01
Unmatched
Optum
MarketScan
Medicare
POOLED
Appendix B

Other arthritis, arthropathies and musculoskeletal 
pain; n (%)
6,356 (85.7%)
3,246 (82.4%)
0.09
10,836 (77.5%)
3,049 (78.0%)
-0.01
24,897 (76.3%)
12,838 (76.7%)
-0.01
42089 (77.9%)
19133 (77.8%)
0.00
Dorsopathies; n (%)
2,513 (33.9%)
1,389 (35.3%)
-0.03
4,111 (29.4%)
1,236 (31.6%)
-0.05
10,374 (31.8%)
5,330 (31.8%)
0.00
16998 (31.5%)
7955 (32.3%)
-0.02
Fractures; n (%)
869 (11.7%)
404 (10.3%)
0.04
1,433 (10.3%)
423 (10.8%)
-0.02
4,020 (12.3%)
2,047 (12.2%)
0.00
6322 (11.7%)
2874 (11.7%)
0.00
Falls v2; n (%)
692 (9.3%)
396 (10.1%)
-0.03
370 (2.6%)
139 (3.6%)
-0.06
1,680 (5.2%)
735 (4.4%)
0.04
2742 (5.1%)
1270 (5.2%)
0.00
Osteoporosis; n (%)
728 (9.8%)
343 (8.7%)
0.04
704 (5.0%)
155 (4.0%)
0.05
5,102 (15.6%)
2,328 (13.9%)
0.05
6534 (12.1%)
2826 (11.5%)
0.02
Depression; n (%)
1,346 (18.2%)
655 (16.6%)
0.04
1,914 (13.7%)
561 (14.4%)
-0.02
5,417 (16.6%)
2,468 (14.7%)
0.05
8677 (16.1%)
3684 (15.0%)
0.03
Anxiety; n (%)
1,083 (14.6%)
689 (17.5%)
-0.08
1,527 (10.9%)
569 (14.6%)
-0.11
4,262 (13.1%)
2,240 (13.4%)
-0.01
6872 (12.7%)
3498 (14.2%)
-0.04
Sleep_Disorder; n (%)
777 (10.5%)
252 (6.4%)
0.15
1,462 (10.5%)
352 (9.0%)
0.05
2,779 (8.5%)
938 (5.6%)
0.11
5018 (9.3%)
1542 (6.3%)
0.11
Dementia; n (%)
706 (9.5%)
355 (9.0%)
0.02
574 (4.1%)
167 (4.3%)
-0.01
5,539 (17.0%)
2,441 (14.6%)
0.07
6819 (12.6%)
2963 (12.0%)
0.02
Delirium; n (%)
281 (3.8%)
120 (3.0%)
0.04
387 (2.8%)
113 (2.9%)
-0.01
1,560 (4.8%)
754 (4.5%)
0.01
2228 (4.1%)
987 (4.0%)
0.01
Psychosis; n (%)
215 (2.9%)
91 (2.3%)
0.04
238 (1.7%)
58 (1.5%)
0.02
1,203 (3.7%)
553 (3.3%)
0.02
1656 (3.1%)
702 (2.9%)
0.01
Obesity; n (%)
1,498 (20.2%)
943 (23.9%)
-0.09
2,456 (17.6%)
930 (23.8%)
-0.15
5,202 (15.9%)
2,677 (16.0%)
0.00
9156 (17.0%)
4550 (18.5%)
-0.04
Overweight; n (%)
244 (3.3%)
249 (6.3%)
-0.14
205 (1.5%)
132 (3.4%)
-0.12
1,125 (3.4%)
739 (4.4%)
-0.05
1574 (2.9%)
1120 (4.6%)
-0.09
Smoking; n (%)
1,951 (26.3%)
1,206 (30.6%)
-0.10
2,266 (16.2%)
697 (17.8%)
-0.04
8,893 (27.3%)
5,096 (30.4%)
-0.07
13110 (24.3%)
6999 (28.5%)
-0.10
Alcohol abuse or dependence; n (%)
210 (2.8%)
111 (2.8%)
0.00
281 (2.0%)
99 (2.5%)
-0.03
243 (0.7%)
190 (1.1%)
-0.04
734 (1.4%)
400 (1.6%)
-0.02
Drug abuse or dependence; n (%)
210 (2.8%)
166 (4.2%)
-0.08
289 (2.1%)
124 (3.2%)
-0.07
251 (0.8%)
201 (1.2%)
-0.04
750 (1.4%)
491 (2.0%)
-0.05
COPD; n (%)
1,066 (14.4%)
502 (12.7%)
0.05
1,214 (8.7%)
299 (7.7%)
0.04
5,389 (16.5%)
2,517 (15.0%)
0.04
7669 (14.2%)
3318 (13.5%)
0.02
Asthma; n (%)
710 (9.6%)
418 (10.6%)
-0.03
1,139 (8.1%)
344 (8.8%)
-0.03
2,725 (8.4%)
1,431 (8.5%)
0.00
4574 (8.5%)
2193 (8.9%)
-0.01
Obstructive sleep apnea; n (%)
555 (7.5%)
363 (9.2%)
-0.06
1,037 (7.4%)
347 (8.9%)
-0.05
1,809 (5.5%)
955 (5.7%)
-0.01
3401 (6.3%)
1665 (6.8%)
-0.02
Pneumonia; n (%)
574 (7.7%)
267 (6.8%)
0.03
1,026 (7.3%)
303 (7.8%)
-0.02
2,850 (8.7%)
1,307 (7.8%)
0.03
4450 (8.2%)
1877 (7.6%)
0.02
Other Medications
Use of ACE inhibitors; n (%)
1,874 (25.3%)
878 (22.3%)
0.07
2,969 (21.2%)
706 (18.1%)
0.08
9,840 (30.2%)
4,570 (27.3%)
0.06
14683 (27.2%)
6154 (25.0%)
0.05
Use of ARBs; n (%)
899 (12.1%)
585 (14.8%)
-0.08
1,741 (12.5%)
472 (12.1%)
0.01
5,634 (17.3%)
3,141 (18.8%)
-0.04
8274 (15.3%)
4198 (17.1%)
-0.05
Use of Loop Diuretics - United; n (%)
824 (11.1%)
366 (9.3%)
0.06
1,262 (9.0%)
284 (7.3%)
0.06
5,787 (17.7%)
2,453 (14.6%)
0.08
7873 (14.6%)
3103 (12.6%)
0.06
Use of other diuretics- United; n (%)
100 (1.3%)
68 (1.7%)
-0.03
181 (1.3%)
56 (1.4%)
-0.01
710 (2.2%)
308 (1.8%)
0.03
991 (1.8%)
432 (1.8%)
0.00
Use of nitrates-United; n (%)
171 (2.3%)
88 (2.2%)
0.01
327 (2.3%)
62 (1.6%)
0.05
1,485 (4.6%)
622 (3.7%)
0.05
1983 (3.7%)
772 (3.1%)
0.03
Use of other hypertension drugs; n (%)
336 (4.5%)
147 (3.7%)
0.04
577 (4.1%)
123 (3.1%)
0.05
2,141 (6.6%)
909 (5.4%)
0.05
3054 (5.7%)
1179 (4.8%)
0.04
Use of Anti-arrhythmics; n (%)
19 (0.3%)
** (0.2%)
0.02
59 (0.4%)
** (0.3%)
0.02
160 (0.5%)
70 (0.4%)
0.01
238 (0.4%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of COPD/asthma meds- United; n (%)
1,097 (14.8%)
625 (15.9%)
-0.03
2,035 (14.6%)
606 (15.5%)
-0.03
5,862 (18.0%)
3,203 (19.1%)
-0.03
8994 (16.7%)
4434 (18.0%)
-0.03
Use of statins; n (%)
2,353 (31.7%)
1,257 (31.9%)
0.00
3,676 (26.3%)
877 (22.4%)
0.09
13,267 (40.7%)
6,840 (40.8%)
0.00
19296 (35.7%)
8974 (36.5%)
-0.02
Use of other lipid-lowering drugs; n (%)
391 (5.3%)
177 (4.5%)
0.04
851 (6.1%)
167 (4.3%)
0.08
2,075 (6.4%)
1,096 (6.5%)
0.00
3317 (6.1%)
1440 (5.9%)
0.01
Use of antiplatelet agents; n (%)
414 (5.6%)
204 (5.2%)
0.02
881 (6.3%)
222 (5.7%)
0.03
2,761 (8.5%)
1,341 (8.0%)
0.02
4056 (7.5%)
1767 (7.2%)
0.01
Use of heparin and other low-molecular weight 
heparins; n (%)
3,868 (52.2%)
211 (5.4%)
1.21
25 (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
16,176 (49.6%)
909 (5.4%)
1.14
20069 (37.2%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of NSAIDs; n (%)
1,503 (20.3%)
908 (23.0%)
-0.07
3,060 (21.9%)
932 (23.8%)
-0.05
5,871 (18.0%)
3,345 (20.0%)
-0.05
10434 (19.3%)
5185 (21.1%)
-0.04
Use of oral corticosteroids; n (%)
1,930 (26.0%)
1,065 (27.0%)
-0.02
3,566 (25.5%)
1,121 (28.7%)
-0.07
9,326 (28.6%)
4,915 (29.3%)
-0.02
14822 (27.4%)
7101 (28.9%)
-0.03
Use of bisphosphonate (United); n (%)
283 (3.8%)
123 (3.1%)
0.04
321 (2.3%)
57 (1.5%)
0.06
1,786 (5.5%)
824 (4.9%)
0.03
2390 (4.4%)
1004 (4.1%)
0.01
Use of opioids- United; n (%)
4,042 (54.5%)
1,932 (49.0%)
0.11
8,355 (59.8%)
2,318 (59.3%)
0.01
15,563 (47.7%)
7,860 (46.9%)
0.02
27960 (51.8%)
12110 (49.2%)
0.05
Use of antidepressants; n (%)
1,919 (25.9%)
1,055 (26.8%)
-0.02
3,269 (23.4%)
937 (24.0%)
-0.01
9,282 (28.5%)
4,711 (28.1%)
0.01
14470 (26.8%)
6703 (27.3%)
-0.01
Use of antipsychotics; n (%)
351 (4.7%)
194 (4.9%)
-0.01
507 (3.6%)
154 (3.9%)
-0.02
2,139 (6.6%)
1,110 (6.6%)
0.00
2997 (5.5%)
1458 (5.9%)
-0.02
Labs
21,390 
7,848 
Lab values- HbA1c (%) v3; n (%)
651 (8.8%)
506 (12.8%)
-0.13
130 (0.9%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
781 (3.7%)
552 (7.0%)
-0.15
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 3 months) v3; n (%)
390 (5.3%)
315 (8.0%)
-0.11
88 (0.6%)
27 (0.7%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
478 (2.2%)
342 (4.4%)
-0.12
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 6 months) v3; n (%)
651 (8.8%)
506 (12.8%)
-0.13
130 (0.9%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
781 (3.7%)
552 (7.0%)
-0.15
Lab values- BNP; n (%)
29 (0.4%)
23 (0.6%)
-0.03
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 3 months); n (%)
24 (0.3%)
18 (0.5%)
-0.03
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 6 months); n (%)
29 (0.4%)
23 (0.6%)
-0.03
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl); n (%)
1,719 (23.2%)
1,143 (29.0%)
-0.13
155 (1.1%)
78 (2.0%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,874 (8.8%)
1,221 (15.6%)
-0.21
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
1,189 (16.0%)
815 (20.7%)
-0.12
106 (0.8%)
56 (1.4%)
-0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,295 (6.1%)
871 (11.1%)
-0.18
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
1,719 (23.2%)
1,143 (29.0%)
-0.13
155 (1.1%)
78 (2.0%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,874 (8.8%)
1,221 (15.6%)
-0.21
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
1,753 (23.6%)
1,179 (29.9%)
-0.14
165 (1.2%)
83 (2.1%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,918 (9.0%)
1,262 (16.1%)
-0.22
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; 
n (%)
1,211 (16.3%)
846 (21.5%)
-0.13
114 (0.8%)
60 (1.5%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,325 (6.2%)
906 (11.5%)
-0.19
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; 
n (%)
1,753 (23.6%)
1,179 (29.9%)
-0.14
165 (1.2%)
83 (2.1%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,918 (9.0%)
1,262 (16.1%)
-0.22
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl); n (%)
962 (13.0%)
693 (17.6%)
-0.13
96 (0.7%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,058 (4.9%)
739 (9.4%)
-0.18
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
542 (7.3%)
396 (10.1%)
-0.10
55 (0.4%)
25 (0.6%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
597 (2.8%)
421 (5.4%)
-0.13
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
962 (13.0%)
693 (17.6%)
-0.13
96 (0.7%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,058 (4.9%)
739 (9.4%)
-0.18
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
966 (13.0%)
700 (17.8%)
-0.13
111 (0.8%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,077 (5.0%)
746 (9.5%)
-0.17
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; n 
(%)
547 (7.4%)
399 (10.1%)
-0.10
66 (0.5%)
24 (0.6%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
613 (2.9%)
423 (5.4%)
-0.13
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; n 
(%)
966 (13.0%)
700 (17.8%)
-0.13
111 (0.8%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,077 (5.0%)
746 (9.5%)
-0.17
Lab values- NT-proBNP; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.2%)
-0.03
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 3 months); n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.2%)
-0.06
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 6 months); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.2%)
-0.03
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
972 (13.1%)
702 (17.8%)
-0.13
99 (0.7%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,071 (5.0%)
748 (9.5%)
-0.17
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 3 
months) v2; n (%)
549 (7.4%)
401 (10.2%)
-0.10
55 (0.4%)
25 (0.6%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
604 (2.8%)
426 (5.4%)
-0.13
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 6 
months) v2; n (%)
972 (13.1%)
702 (17.8%)
-0.13
99 (0.7%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,071 (5.0%)
748 (9.5%)
-0.17
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl); n (%)
964 (13.0%)
696 (17.7%)
-0.13
100 (0.7%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,064 (5.0%)
742 (9.5%)
-0.17
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 3 
months); n (%)
544 (7.3%)
397 (10.1%)
-0.10
57 (0.4%)
24 (0.6%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
601 (2.8%)
421 (5.4%)
-0.13
Appendix B

Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 6 
months); n (%)
964 (13.0%)
696 (17.7%)
-0.13
100 (0.7%)
46 (1.2%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1,064 (5.0%)
742 (9.5%)
-0.17
Lab result number- HbA1c (%) mean (only 2 to 20 
included) v4
650
 
505
 
112
 
45
 
N/A
N/A
762 
550 
...mean (sd)
6.79 (1.57)
6.72 (1.73)
0.04
7.26 (1.63)
7.18 (1.48)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
6.86 (1.58)
6.76 (1.71)
0.06
...Missing; n (%)
6,763 (91.2%)
3,435 (87.2%)
0.13
13,865 (99.2%)
3,863 (98.8%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
20,628 (96.4%)
7,298 (93.0%)
0.15
Lab result number- BNP mean v2
29
 
23
 
4 
5 
N/A
N/A
33 
28 
...mean (sd)
74.87 (72.49)
96.03 (235.14)
-0.12
19.25 (8.96)
161.20 (119.25)
-1.68
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
68.13 (70.09)
107.67 (225.68)
-0.24
...Missing; n (%)
7,384 (99.6%)
3,917 (99.4%)
0.03
13,973 (100.0%)
3,903 (99.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
21,357 (99.8%)
7,820 (99.6%)
0.04
Lab result number- BUN (mg/dl) mean v2
1,719 
1,143 
155 
78 
N/A
N/A
1,874 
1,221 
...mean (sd)
18.02 (7.51)
17.09 (6.74)
0.13
1,436.31 (17,669.46)
17.18 (6.52)
0.11
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
135.33 (5069.29)
17.10 (6.73)
0.03
...Missing; n (%)
5,694 (76.8%)
2,797 (71.0%)
0.13
13,822 (98.9%)
3,830 (98.0%)
0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,516 (91.2%)
6,627 (84.4%)
0.21
Lab result number- Creatinine (mg/dl) mean (only 0.1 
to 15 included) v3
1,741 
1,168 
160 
81 
N/A
N/A
1,901 
1,249 
...mean (sd)
1.00 (0.34)
0.96 (0.29)
0.13
0.98 (0.31)
0.97 (0.29)
0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
1.00 (0.34)
0.96 (0.29)
0.13
...Missing; n (%)
5,672 (76.5%)
2,772 (70.4%)
0.14
13,817 (98.9%)
3,827 (97.9%)
0.08
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,489 (91.1%)
6,599 (84.1%)
0.21
Lab result number- HDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
962 
693 
95 
46 
N/A
N/A
1,057 
739 
...mean (sd)
53.64 (17.08)
53.25 (17.87)
0.02
46.65 (12.95)
48.63 (14.03)
-0.15
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
53.01 (16.76)
52.96 (17.67)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
6,451 (87.0%)
3,247 (82.4%)
0.13
13,882 (99.3%)
3,862 (98.8%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
20,333 (95.1%)
7,109 (90.6%)
0.18
Lab result number- LDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
942 
692 
97 
44 
N/A
N/A
1,039 
736 
...mean (sd)
102.51 (34.84)
101.93 (36.29)
0.02
96.33 (37.96)
92.61 (31.60)
0.11
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
101.93 (35.16)
101.37 (36.06)
0.02
...Missing; n (%)
6,471 (87.3%)
3,248 (82.4%)
0.14
13,880 (99.3%)
3,864 (98.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
20,351 (95.1%)
7,112 (90.6%)
0.18
Lab result number- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
971 
702 
98 
46 
N/A
N/A
1,069 
748 
...mean (sd)
184.17 (40.78)
183.48 (41.96)
0.02
176.51 (45.32)
181.96 (42.96)
-0.12
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
183.47 (41.23)
183.39 (42.05)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
6,442 (86.9%)
3,238 (82.2%)
0.13
13,879 (99.3%)
3,862 (98.8%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
20,321 (95.0%)
7,100 (90.5%)
0.17
Lab result number- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
964 
696 
99 
46 
N/A
N/A
1,063 
742 
...mean (sd)
136.73 (77.90)
140.13 (102.33)
-0.04
159.89 (94.35)
179.18 (110.20)
-0.19
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
138.89 (79.60)
142.55 (102.90)
-0.04
...Missing; n (%)
6,449 (87.0%)
3,244 (82.3%)
0.13
13,878 (99.3%)
3,862 (98.8%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
20,327 (95.0%)
7,106 (90.5%)
0.17
Lab result number- Hemoglobin mean (only >0 
included)
1,393 
952 
106 
71 
N/A
N/A
1,499 
1,023 
...mean (sd)
13.28 (1.90)
13.37 (1.86)
-0.05
1,408.80 (14,373.80)
12.85 (2.78)
0.14
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
111.96 (3808.03)
13.33 (1.94)
0.04
...Missing; n (%)
6,020 (81.2%)
2,988 (75.8%)
0.13
13,871 (99.2%)
3,837 (98.2%)
0.09
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,891 (93.0%)
6,825 (87.0%)
0.20
Lab result number- Serum sodium mean (only > 90 
and < 190 included)
1,691 
1,116 
143 
77 
N/A
N/A
1,834 
1,193 
...mean (sd)
139.91 (2.74)
140.29 (2.71)
-0.14
139.13 (2.43)
139.00 (3.00)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
139.85 (2.72)
140.21 (2.73)
-0.13
...Missing; n (%)
5,722 (77.2%)
2,824 (71.7%)
0.13
13,834 (99.0%)
3,831 (98.0%)
0.08
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,556 (91.4%)
6,655 (84.8%)
0.20
Lab result number- Albumin mean (only >0 and <=10 
included)
1,536 
1,006 
116 
66 
N/A
N/A
1,652 
1,072 
...mean (sd)
4.08 (0.39)
4.12 (0.40)
-0.10
3.95 (0.78)
3.98 (0.64)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4.07 (0.43)
4.11 (0.42)
-0.09
...Missing; n (%)
5,877 (79.3%)
2,934 (74.5%)
0.11
13,861 (99.2%)
3,842 (98.3%)
0.08
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,738 (92.3%)
6,776 (86.3%)
0.20
Lab result number- Glucose (fasting or random) mean 
(only 10-1000 included)
1,667 
1,111 
131 
78 
N/A
N/A
1,798 
1,189 
...mean (sd)
111.25 (46.51)
113.95 (43.40)
-0.06
136.41 (56.48)
147.32 (75.50)
-0.16
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
113.08 (47.32)
116.14 (46.18)
-0.07
...Missing; n (%)
5,746 (77.5%)
2,829 (71.8%)
0.13
13,846 (99.1%)
3,830 (98.0%)
0.09
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,592 (91.6%)
6,659 (84.8%)
0.21
Lab result number- Potassium mean (only 1-7 
included)
1,721 
1,153 
155 
75 
N/A
N/A
1,876 
1,228 
...mean (sd)
4.31 (0.43)
4.35 (0.44)
-0.09
4.23 (0.41)
4.33 (0.40)
-0.25
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4.30 (0.43)
4.35 (0.44)
-0.11
...Missing; n (%)
5,692 (76.8%)
2,787 (70.7%)
0.14
13,822 (98.9%)
3,833 (98.1%)
0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
19,514 (91.2%)
6,620 (84.4%)
0.21
Comorbidity Scores
Combined comorbidity score, 365 days Copy
...mean (sd)
1.91 (2.34)
2.06 (2.35)
-0.06
1.39 (2.10)
1.58 (2.23)
-0.09
2.20 (2.56)
2.04 (2.57)
0.06
1.95 (2.42)
1.97 (2.48)
-0.01
Non-Frailty; n (%)
3,500 (47.2%)
1,973 (50.1%)
-0.06
5,638 (40.3%)
1,646 (42.1%)
-0.04
854 (2.6%)
263 (1.6%)
0.07
9,992 (18.5%)
3,882 (15.8%)
0.07
Frailty Score (mean): Empirical Version 365 days, v2
...mean (sd)
0.19 (0.07)
0.18 (0.07)
0.14
0.17 (0.06)
0.17 (0.06)
0.00
0.11 (0.08)
0.09 (0.08)
0.25
0.14 (0.07)
0.12 (0.08)
0.27
Healthcare Utilization
Any hospitalization; n (%)
5,944 (80.2%)
2,390 (60.7%)
0.44
13,968 (99.9%)
3,908 (100.0%)
-0.04
24,871 (76.2%)
9,527 (56.9%)
0.42
44,783 (82.9%)
15,825 (64.3%)
0.43
Any hospitalization within prior 30 days; n (%)
5,565 (75.1%)
2,178 (55.3%)
0.42
13,769 (98.5%)
3,866 (98.9%)
-0.04
23,580 (72.3%)
8,440 (50.4%)
0.46
42914 (79.5%)
14484 (58.9%)
0.46
Any hospitalization during prior 31-180 days; n (%)
1,176 (15.9%)
491 (12.5%)
0.10
1,855 (13.3%)
517 (13.2%)
0.00
5,754 (17.6%)
2,725 (16.3%)
0.03
8785 (16.3%)
3733 (15.2%)
0.03
Internal medicine/family medicine visits; n (%)
6,578 (88.7%)
3,420 (86.8%)
0.06
10,624 (76.0%)
3,112 (79.6%)
-0.09
30,337 (93.0%)
15,307 (91.4%)
0.06
47539 (88.0%)
21839 (88.8%)
-0.02
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (30 days 
prior) v2; n (%)
5,853 (79.0%)
2,941 (74.6%)
0.10
7,601 (54.4%)
2,169 (55.5%)
-0.02
27,977 (85.8%)
13,422 (80.1%)
0.15
41431 (76.7%)
18532 (75.3%)
0.03
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (31 to 180 
days prior) v2; n (%)
5,044 (68.0%)
2,627 (66.7%)
0.03
8,752 (62.6%)
2,499 (63.9%)
-0.03
23,788 (72.9%)
12,139 (72.5%)
0.01
37584 (69.6%)
17265 (70.2%)
-0.01
Cardiologist visit; n (%)
3,053 (41.2%)
1,683 (42.7%)
-0.03
3,042 (21.8%)
883 (22.6%)
-0.02
15,604 (47.8%)
7,724 (46.1%)
0.03
21699 (40.2%)
10290 (41.8%)
-0.03
Number of Cardiologist visits (30 days prior); n (%)
2,224 (30.0%)
1,248 (31.7%)
-0.04
1,698 (12.1%)
502 (12.8%)
-0.02
11,149 (34.2%)
5,410 (32.3%)
0.04
15071 (27.9%)
7160 (29.1%)
-0.03
Number of Cardiologist visits (31 to 180 days prior); 
n (%)
1,404 (18.9%)
730 (18.5%)
0.01
1,797 (12.9%)
489 (12.5%)
0.01
8,231 (25.2%)
4,091 (24.4%)
0.02
11432 (21.2%)
5310 (21.6%)
-0.01
Electrocardiogram v2; n (%)
4,088 (55.1%)
2,158 (54.8%)
0.01
5,377 (38.5%)
1,410 (36.1%)
0.05
19,760 (60.6%)
10,095 (60.3%)
0.01
29225 (54.1%)
13663 (55.5%)
-0.03
Use of glucose test strips; n (%)
126 (1.7%)
54 (1.4%)
0.02
168 (1.2%)
40 (1.0%)
0.02
535 (1.6%)
273 (1.6%)
0.00
829 (1.5%)
367 (1.5%)
0.00
Dialysis; n (%)
12 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
0.06
34 (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
50 (0.2%)
** (0.0%)
0.06
96 (0.2%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
number of different/distinct medication 
prescriptions
...mean (sd)
9.27 (5.24)
8.77 (5.41)
0.09
9.24 (5.40)
8.81 (5.72)
0.08
10.13 (5.09)
9.52 (5.21)
0.12
9.78 (5.19)
9.29 (5.33)
0.00
Number of Hospitalizations
...mean (sd)
1.04 (0.77)
0.78 (0.80)
0.33
1.29 (0.66)
1.30 (0.66)
-0.02
1.07 (0.89)
0.80 (0.91)
0.30
1.12 (0.82)
0.88 (0.86)
0.00
Appendix B

Number of hospital days
...mean (sd)
5.40 (6.24)
3.51 (5.41)
0.32
7.63 (8.24)
6.53 (7.92)
0.14
6.13 (7.52)
3.90 (6.63)
0.31
6.42 (7.55)
4.26 (6.68)
0.00
Number of Emergency Department (ED) visits v3
...mean (sd)
1.85 (2.17)
2.24 (2.08)
-0.18
1.92 (4.54)
2.74 (6.70)
-0.14
2.04 (2.04)
2.42 (2.17)
-0.18
1.98 (2.91)
2.44 (3.32)
0.00
Number of Office visits
...mean (sd)
5.48 (4.83)
5.64 (4.79)
-0.03
5.53 (5.19)
5.62 (5.12)
-0.02
12.84 (14.53)
13.84 (15.97)
-0.07
9.94 (11.73)
11.22 (13.47)
0.00
Number of internal medicine/family medicine visits
...mean (sd)
10.84 (15.87)
9.07 (12.25)
0.12
6.06 (11.94)
5.97 (10.44)
0.01
11.66 (12.16)
10.09 (12.41)
0.13
10.10 (12.68)
9.27 (12.09)
0.00
Number of Cardiologist visits
...mean (sd)
1.39 (3.30)
1.36 (3.07)
0.01
0.61 (2.29)
0.62 (2.33)
0.00
1.79 (3.80)
1.63 (3.45)
0.04
1.43 (3.40)
1.43 (3.24)
0.00
Number electrocardiograms received v2
...mean (sd)
1.16 (1.68)
1.22 (1.70)
-0.04
0.65 (1.11)
0.65 (1.16)
0.00
1.32 (1.64)
1.36 (1.67)
-0.02
1.12 (1.53)
1.22 (1.60)
0.00
Number of HbA1c tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.31 (0.64)
0.36 (0.68)
-0.08
0.20 (0.53)
0.22 (0.54)
-0.04
0.37 (0.70)
0.39 (0.71)
-0.03
0.32 (0.65)
0.36 (0.68)
0.00
Number of glucose tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.27 (2.73)
0.37 (4.22)
-0.03
0.16 (0.98)
0.16 (0.96)
0.00
0.18 (0.72)
0.18 (0.72)
0.00
0.19 (1.26)
0.21 (1.83)
0.00
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.49 (0.77)
0.48 (0.78)
0.01
0.34 (0.75)
0.36 (0.85)
-0.02
0.52 (0.72)
0.54 (0.73)
-0.03
0.47 (0.73)
0.50 (0.76)
0.00
Total N distinct ICD9/ICD10 diagnoses at the 3rd 
digit level Copy
...mean (sd)
6.61 (10.06)
10.92 (12.43)
-0.38
5.13 (9.89)
8.02 (11.79)
-0.27
9.35 (12.17)
11.79 (13.06)
-0.19
7.88 (11.34)
11.05 (12.77)
0.00
For PS
Hemorrhagic stroke+Other cerebrovascular 
disease+Cerebrovascular procedure (for PS); n (%)
135 (1.8%)
41 (1.0%)
0.07
199 (1.4%)
31 (0.8%)
0.06
748 (2.3%)
309 (1.8%)
0.04
1082 (2.0%)
381 (1.5%)
0.04
immobilization; n (%)
766 (10.3%)
378 (9.6%)
#DIV/0!
1,385 (9.9%)
417 (10.7%)
#DIV/0!
2,774 (8.5%)
1,488 (8.9%)
#DIV/0!
1,385 (9.9%)
417 (10.7%)
-0.03
Occurrence of creatinine tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
592 (8.0%)
317 (8.0%)
0.00
926 (6.6%)
247 (6.3%)
0.01
3,559 (10.9%)
1,774 (10.6%)
0.01
5077 (9.4%)
2338 (9.5%)
0.00
Occurrence of BUN tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
350 (4.7%)
160 (4.1%)
0.03
597 (4.3%)
140 (3.6%)
0.04
2,099 (6.4%)
998 (6.0%)
0.02
3046 (5.6%)
1298 (5.3%)
0.01
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency w/o CKD 
(for PS) v2; n (%)
593 (8.0%)
179 (4.5%)
0.14
599 (4.3%)
109 (2.8%)
0.08
3,259 (10.0%)
967 (5.8%)
0.16
4451 (8.2%)
1255 (5.1%)
0.12
Chronic kidney disease Stage 1-2 (for PS); n (%)
154 (2.1%)
66 (1.7%)
0.03
124 (0.9%)
29 (0.7%)
0.02
566 (1.7%)
262 (1.6%)
0.01
844 (1.6%)
357 (1.5%)
0.01
Chronic kidney disease Stage 3-6 (for PS); n (%)
597 (8.1%)
245 (6.2%)
0.07
515 (3.7%)
82 (2.1%)
0.10
3,238 (9.9%)
1,103 (6.6%)
0.12
4350 (8.1%)
1430 (5.8%)
0.09
Acute kidney injury; n (%)
818 (11.0%)
329 (8.4%)
#DIV/0!
1,167 (8.3%)
331 (8.5%)
#DIV/0!
4,121 (12.6%)
1,533 (9.2%)
#DIV/0!
1,167 (8.3%)
331 (8.5%)
-0.01
Bladder stones+Kidney stones (for PS); n (%)
243 (3.3%)
140 (3.6%)
-0.02
397 (2.8%)
120 (3.1%)
-0.02
1,013 (3.1%)
500 (3.0%)
0.01
1653 (3.1%)
760 (3.1%)
0.00
Alcohol abuse or dependence+Drug abuse or 
dependence (for PS); n (%)
394 (5.3%)
260 (6.6%)
-0.05
528 (3.8%)
206 (5.3%)
-0.07
471 (1.4%)
376 (2.2%)
-0.06
1393 (2.6%)
842 (3.4%)
-0.05
Other atherosclerosis+Cardiac conduction 
disorders+Other CVD (for PS) v2 Copy; n (%)
1,386 (18.7%)
738 (18.7%)
0.00
2,467 (17.7%)
684 (17.5%)
0.01
6,719 (20.6%)
3,222 (19.2%)
0.04
10572 (19.6%)
4644 (18.9%)
0.02
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) + 
History of CABG or PTCA (for PS) v3; n (%)
312 (4.2%)
154 (3.9%)
0.02
303 (2.2%)
69 (1.8%)
0.03
2,603 (8.0%)
1,073 (6.4%)
0.06
3218 (6.0%)
1296 (5.3%)
0.03
Diabetes with complication; n (%)
812 (11.0%)
438 (11.1%)
#DIV/0!
1,013 (7.2%)
311 (8.0%)
#DIV/0!
3,661 (11.2%)
1,716 (10.2%)
#DIV/0!
1,013 (7.2%)
311 (8.0%)
-0.03
Delirium + Psychosis (for PS); n (%)
433 (5.8%)
186 (4.7%)
0.05
551 (3.9%)
154 (3.9%)
0.00
2,441 (7.5%)
1,151 (6.9%)
0.02
3425 (6.3%)
1491 (6.1%)
0.01
Any use of Meglitinides (for PS); n (%)
13 (0.2%)
** (0.3%)
-0.02
30 (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
108 (0.3%)
48 (0.3%)
0.00
151 (0.3%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Any use of AGIs (for PS); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
32 (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
CKD stage 3-6 + dialysis (for PS); n (%)
609 (8.2%)
247 (6.3%)
0.07
546 (3.9%)
89 (2.3%)
0.09
3,272 (10.0%)
1,110 (6.6%)
0.12
4427 (8.2%)
1446 (5.9%)
0.09
Use of thiazide- United; n (%)
671 (9.1%)
365 (9.3%)
-0.01
1,101 (7.9%)
246 (6.3%)
0.06
3,945 (12.1%)
1,768 (10.6%)
0.05
5717 (10.6%)
2379 (9.7%)
0.03
Use of beta blockers; n (%)
1,762 (23.8%)
811 (20.6%)
0.08
3,041 (21.8%)
707 (18.1%)
0.09
11,260 (34.5%)
5,254 (31.4%)
0.07
16063 (29.7%)
6772 (27.5%)
0.05
Use of calcium channel blockers; n (%)
1,415 (19.1%)
722 (18.3%)
0.02
2,267 (16.2%)
545 (13.9%)
0.06
8,772 (26.9%)
4,060 (24.2%)
0.06
12454 (23.1%)
5327 (21.7%)
0.03
All antidiabetic medications except Insulin; n (%)
1,120 (15.1%)
574 (14.6%)
0.01
1,771 (12.7%)
458 (11.7%)
0.03
5,547 (17.0%)
2,680 (16.0%)
0.03
8438 (15.6%)
3712 (15.1%)
0.01
DM Medications - Insulin Copy; n (%)
441 (5.9%)
217 (5.5%)
0.02
779 (5.6%)
196 (5.0%)
0.03
1,692 (5.2%)
734 (4.4%)
0.04
2912 (5.4%)
1147 (4.7%)
0.03
Use of Low Intensity Statins; n (%)
1,617 (21.8%)
763 (19.4%)
0.06
2,357 (16.9%)
521 (13.3%)
0.10
9,199 (28.2%)
4,445 (26.5%)
0.04
13173 (24.4%)
5729 (23.3%)
0.03
Use of High Intensity Statins; n (%)
769 (10.4%)
503 (12.8%)
-0.08
1,328 (9.5%)
365 (9.3%)
0.01
4,205 (12.9%)
2,477 (14.8%)
-0.06
6302 (11.7%)
3345 (13.6%)
-0.06
Malignant hypertension; n (%)
771 (10.4%)
206 (5.2%)
0.19
6,113 (43.7%)
1,154 (29.5%)
0.30
13,959 (42.8%)
4,636 (27.7%)
0.32
20843 (38.6%)
5996 (24.4%)
0.31
Cardiovascular stress test; n (%)
29 (0.4%)
** (0.2%)
0.04
51 (0.4%)
15 (0.4%)
0.00
174 (0.5%)
81 (0.5%)
0.00
254 (0.5%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Echocardiogram; n (%)
1,217 (16.4%)
712 (18.1%)
-0.05
2,591 (18.5%)
783 (20.0%)
-0.04
6,200 (19.0%)
3,177 (19.0%)
0.00
10008 (18.5%)
4672 (19.0%)
-0.01
Number of BNP tests
...mean (sd)
0.06 (0.28)
0.11 (0.38)
-0.15
0.03 (0.20)
0.05 (0.25)
-0.09
0.09 (0.33)
0.12 (0.37)
-0.09
0.07 (0.29)
0.11 (0.36)
-0.12
Number of Cardiac biomarkers tests (tropnin, CK-MBs, Myoglobin, CPK)
...mean (sd)
0.32 (1.21)
0.40 (1.19)
-0.07
0.22 (0.95)
0.28 (1.06)
-0.06
0.22 (0.55)
0.27 (0.62)
-0.09
0.23 (0.79)
0.29 (0.82)
0.00
Number of Ambulatory Blood pressure monitoring tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.04)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00
0.00 (0.04)
0.00 (0.04)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.04)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.04)
0.00
N of days on antihypertensive medications during baseline
0
0
...mean (sd)
78.67 (79.06)
79.51 (80.27)
-0.01
67.34 (78.33)
58.24 (75.77)
0.12
107.82 (76.83)
104.35 (78.11)
0.04
93.34 (77.53)
93.04 (78.09)
0.00
N of days in database anytime prior
0
0
...mean (sd)
1,629.27 (1,170.61)
1,681.72 (1,331.40)
-0.04
1,747.51 (1,223.63)
2,037.38 (1,445.60)
-0.22
619.84 (384.70)
645.09 (368.82)
-0.07
1050.22 (815.43)
1032.36 (841.75)
0.00
Mean Copay for per prescription cost (charges in U.S. $) (180-1 day prior)
0
0
...mean (sd)
24.96 (37.89)
23.57 (44.39)
0.03
17.03 (20.99)
14.53 (58.71)
0.06
108.59 (118.97)
107.60 (113.33)
0.01
73.42 (94.13)
79.35 (98.03)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
471 (6.4%)
263 (6.7%)
-0.01
1,064 (7.6%)
305 (7.8%)
-0.01
1,114 (3.4%)
643 (3.8%)
-0.02
2649 (4.9%)
1211 (4.9%)
0.00
Colonoscopy; n (%)
293 (4.0%)
150 (3.8%)
0.01
631 (4.5%)
158 (4.0%)
0.02
1,423 (4.4%)
690 (4.1%)
0.01
2347 (4.3%)
998 (4.1%)
0.01
Fecal occult blood (FOB) test; n (%)
275 (3.7%)
117 (3.0%)
0.04
517 (3.7%)
97 (2.5%)
0.07
879 (2.7%)
487 (2.9%)
-0.01
1671 (3.1%)
701 (2.9%)
0.01
Flu vaccine; n (%)
1,060 (14.3%)
612 (15.5%)
-0.03
1,272 (9.1%)
355 (9.1%)
0.00
9,282 (28.5%)
4,854 (29.0%)
-0.01
11614 (21.5%)
5821 (23.7%)
-0.05
Mammogram; n (%)
745 (10.0%)
421 (10.7%)
-0.02
1,269 (9.1%)
351 (9.0%)
0.00
3,468 (10.6%)
1,907 (11.4%)
-0.03
5482 (10.2%)
2679 (10.9%)
-0.02
Pap smear; n (%)
353 (4.8%)
171 (4.3%)
0.02
991 (7.1%)
291 (7.4%)
-0.01
841 (2.6%)
453 (2.7%)
-0.01
2185 (4.0%)
915 (3.7%)
0.02
Pneumonia vaccine; n (%)
693 (9.3%)
688 (17.5%)
-0.24
499 (3.6%)
264 (6.8%)
-0.14
4,756 (14.6%)
3,881 (23.2%)
-0.22
5948 (11.0%)
4833 (19.6%)
-0.24
Appendix B

PSA test or Prostate exam for DRE; n (%)
738 (10.0%)
433 (11.0%)
-0.03
1,136 (8.1%)
325 (8.3%)
-0.01
3,297 (10.1%)
1,947 (11.6%)
-0.05
5171 (9.6%)
2705 (11.0%)
-0.05
Bone mineral density; n (%)
289 (3.9%)
143 (3.6%)
0.02
283 (2.0%)
76 (1.9%)
0.01
1,395 (4.3%)
793 (4.7%)
-0.02
1967 (3.6%)
1012 (4.1%)
-0.03
Use of CNS stimulants; n (%)
52 (0.7%)
26 (0.7%)
0.00
188 (1.3%)
72 (1.8%)
-0.04
95 (0.3%)
68 (0.4%)
-0.02
335 (0.6%)
166 (0.7%)
-0.01
Use of estrogens, progestins, androgens; n (%)
469 (6.3%)
238 (6.0%)
0.01
1,441 (10.3%)
456 (11.7%)
-0.04
1,116 (3.4%)
615 (3.7%)
-0.02
3026 (5.6%)
1309 (5.3%)
0.01
Use of Angiogenesis inhibitors; n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.2%)
-0.03
29 (0.1%)
16 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Oral Immunosuppressants; n (%)
35 (0.5%)
** (0.3%)
0.03
132 (0.9%)
14 (0.4%)
0.06
41 (0.1%)
16 (0.1%)
0.00
208 (0.4%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of fondaparinux or Bivalirudin; n (%)
120 (1.6%)
** (0.2%)
0.15
240 (1.7%)
16 (0.4%)
0.13
387 (1.2%)
24 (0.1%)
0.14
747 (1.4%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of other direct thrombin inhibitors (lepirudin, 
desirudin, argatroban); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Use of Ticagrelor ON CED; n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Ticagrelor; n (%)
** (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
24 (0.1%)
22 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Number of D-dimer tests
...mean (sd)
0.06 (0.27)
0.11 (0.36)
-0.16
0.06 (0.26)
0.07 (0.29)
-0.04
0.08 (0.30)
0.11 (0.34)
-0.09
0.07 (0.29)
0.10 (0.34)
0.00
Numbe of CRP, high-sensitivity CRP tests
...mean (sd)
0.14 (0.66)
0.18 (0.85)
-0.05
0.12 (0.62)
0.17 (0.72)
-0.07
0.15 (0.72)
0.17 (0.67)
-0.03
0.14 (0.69)
0.17 (0.71)
0.00
Number of PT or aPTTt tests
...mean (sd)
1.04 (2.19)
0.96 (1.60)
0.04
0.72 (1.79)
0.70 (1.51)
0.01
0.62 (1.10)
0.61 (0.89)
0.01
0.70 (1.49)
0.68 (1.15)
0.00
Number of Bleeding time tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.03)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
HAS-BLED Score (ICD-9 and ICD-10), 180 days
...mean (sd)
2.86 (1.05)
2.80 (1.04)
0.06
2.41 (1.01)
2.32 (0.98)
0.09
3.46 (0.81)
3.40 (0.82)
0.07
3.11 (0.90)
3.13 (0.89)
0.00
N of Generic name drugs
...mean (sd)
18.04 (16.90)
16.55 (17.28)
0.09
14.06 (11.77)
13.04 (12.54)
0.08
19.33 (15.03)
17.38 (15.17)
0.13
17.79 (14.54)
16.56 (15.15)
0.00
N of Brand name drugs
...mean (sd)
3.33 (5.27)
3.81 (4.55)
-0.10
3.46 (4.75)
3.79 (3.90)
-0.08
3.58 (5.38)
4.07 (4.63)
-0.10
3.51 (5.21)
3.98 (4.51)
0.00
Use of clopidogrel ; n (%)
295 (4.0%)
130 (3.3%)
0.04
556 (4.0%)
126 (3.2%)
0.04
2,006 (6.1%)
928 (5.5%)
0.03
2857 (5.3%)
1184 (4.8%)
0.02
Systemic embolism; n (%)
263 (3.5%)
100 (2.5%)
0.06
764 (5.5%)
191 (4.9%)
0.03
834 (2.6%)
367 (2.2%)
0.03
1861 (3.4%)
658 (2.7%)
0.04
DVT; n (%)
7,411 (100.0%)
3,936 (99.9%)
0.04
13,970 (99.9%)
3,906 (99.9%)
0.00
32,605 (100.0%)
16,737 (99.9%)
0.04
53986 (100.0%)
24579 (99.9%)
0.04
Post-thrombotic syndrome; n (%)
21 (0.3%)
13 (0.3%)
#DIV/0!
21 (0.2%)
14 (0.4%)
#DIV/0!
87 (0.3%)
28 (0.2%)
#DIV/0!
21 (0.2%)
14 (0.4%)
-0.04
PE; n (%)
575 (7.8%)
410 (10.4%)
-0.09
570 (4.1%)
233 (6.0%)
-0.09
1,930 (5.9%)
1,268 (7.6%)
-0.07
3075 (5.7%)
1911 (7.8%)
-0.08
Coagulation defects; n (%)
252 (3.4%)
86 (2.2%)
#DIV/0!
501 (3.6%)
130 (3.3%)
#DIV/0!
632 (1.9%)
214 (1.3%)
#DIV/0!
501 (3.6%)
130 (3.3%)
0.02
Diabetes: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims within 
183 days ; n (%)
1,806 (24.4%)
910 (23.1%)
0.03
2,635 (18.9%)
692 (17.7%)
0.03
9,089 (27.9%)
4,176 (24.9%)
0.07
13530 (25.1%)
5778 (23.5%)
0.04
Intracranial or retroperitoneal hemorrhage: 1 
inpatient or 2 outpatient claims within 183 days ; n 
(%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
12 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0.04
42 (0.1%)
12 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peptic Ulcer Disease; n (%)
1,859 (25.1%)
979 (24.8%)
0.01
2,501 (17.9%)
762 (19.5%)
-0.04
9,584 (29.4%)
4,607 (27.5%)
0.04
13944 (25.8%)
6348 (25.8%)
0.00
Major Surgery ; n (%)
566 (7.6%)
355 (9.0%)
#DIV/0!
1,309 (9.4%)
327 (8.4%)
#DIV/0!
2,682 (8.2%)
1,655 (9.9%)
#DIV/0!
1,309 (9.4%)
327 (8.4%)
0.04
Upper GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Lower/ unspecified GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Urogenital bleed; n (%)
30 (0.4%)
13 (0.3%)
0.02
85 (0.6%)
42 (1.1%)
-0.05
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other bleeds; n (%)
430 (5.8%)
200 (5.1%)
0.03
796 (5.7%)
218 (5.6%)
0.00
1,841 (5.6%)
769 (4.6%)
0.05
3067 (5.7%)
1187 (4.8%)
0.04
Prior cancer; n (%)
922 (12.4%)
707 (17.9%)
-0.15
1,383 (9.9%)
519 (13.3%)
-0.11
4,862 (14.9%)
3,362 (20.1%)
-0.14
7167 (13.3%)
4588 (18.7%)
-0.15
Antibiotics; n (%)
3,535 (47.7%)
1,930 (49.0%)
#DIV/0!
7,040 (50.4%)
2,046 (52.4%)
#DIV/0!
17,449 (53.5%)
9,034 (53.9%)
#DIV/0!
7,040 (50.4%)
2,046 (52.4%)
-0.04
Aspirin; n (%)
44 (0.6%)
31 (0.8%)
-0.02
160 (1.1%)
63 (1.6%)
-0.04
146 (0.4%)
67 (0.4%)
0.00
350 (0.6%)
161 (0.7%)
-0.01
Aspirin/dipyridamole; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
22 (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
113 (0.3%)
45 (0.3%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other antiplatelet agents; n (%)
21 (0.3%)
** (0.3%)
0.00
67 (0.5%)
** (0.3%)
0.03
181 (0.6%)
100 (0.6%)
0.00
269 (0.5%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
PGP inhibitors; n (%)
1,375 (18.5%)
667 (16.9%)
0.04
2,756 (19.7%)
720 (18.4%)
0.03
7,501 (23.0%)
3,737 (22.3%)
0.02
11632 (21.5%)
5124 (20.8%)
0.02
Other gastroprotective agents; n (%)
100 (1.3%)
58 (1.5%)
-0.02
215 (1.5%)
78 (2.0%)
-0.04
554 (1.7%)
258 (1.5%)
0.02
869 (1.6%)
394 (1.6%)
0.00
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.49 (0.77)
0.48 (0.78)
0.01
0.34 (0.75)
0.36 (0.85)
-0.02
0.54 (0.79)
0.56 (0.80)
-0.03
0.48 (0.78)
0.52 (0.81)
0.00
Proton pump inhibitor; n (%)
1,695 (22.9%)
892 (22.6%)
0.01
3,099 (22.2%)
825 (21.1%)
0.03
10,056 (30.8%)
4,868 (29.1%)
0.04
14850 (27.5%)
6585 (26.8%)
0.02
H2 receptor antagonist; n (%)
312 (4.2%)
174 (4.4%)
-0.01
497 (3.6%)
175 (4.5%)
-0.05
2,157 (6.6%)
1,010 (6.0%)
0.02
2966 (5.5%)
1359 (5.5%)
0.00
Vitamin K therapy; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
22 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
0.06
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Number of INR (prothrombin) tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.73 (1.63)
0.53 (0.88)
0.15
0.53 (1.22)
0.46 (0.98)
0.06
0.58 (1.01)
0.56 (0.77)
0.02
0.59 (1.17)
0.54 (0.82)
0.00
Treating prescriber - Cardiologist; n (%)
2,275 (30.7%)
1,282 (32.5%)
-0.04
4,338 (31.0%)
1,372 (35.1%)
-0.09
11,149 (34.2%)
5,410 (32.3%)
0.04
17762 (32.9%)
8064 (32.8%)
0.00
Treating prescriber - Primary Care Physician; n (%)
6,535 (88.2%)
3,215 (81.6%)
0.19
5,771 (41.3%)
1,695 (43.4%)
-0.04
13,113 (40.2%)
6,308 (37.7%)
0.05
25419 (47.1%)
11218 (45.6%)
0.03
Treating prescriber - Other; n (%)
7,407 (99.9%)
3,938 (99.9%)
0.00
13,310 (95.2%)
3,732 (95.5%)
-0.01
32,361 (99.2%)
16,705 (99.7%)
-0.07
53078 (98.3%)
24375 (99.1%)
-0.07
Alpha blockers; n (%)
527 (7.1%)
295 (7.5%)
-0.02
872 (6.2%)
204 (5.2%)
0.04
3,226 (9.9%)
1,744 (10.4%)
-0.02
4625 (8.6%)
2243 (9.1%)
-0.02
CHA2DS2 VASc score, 180 days, V
...mean (sd)
3.72 (1.81)
2.57 (1.68)
0.66
3.50 (1.56)
2.64 (1.73)
0.52
4.65 (1.70)
3.61 (1.83)
0.59
4.22 (1.68)
3.29 (1.79)
0.01
Use of Prasugrel; n (%)
13 (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
27 (0.2%)
** (0.3%)
-0.02
** (0.0%)
** (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Loop Diuretics+other diuretics+other 
hypertension drugs; n (%)
1,136 (15.3%)
532 (13.5%)
0.05
1,808 (12.9%)
427 (10.9%)
0.06
7,645 (23.4%)
3,294 (19.7%)
0.09
10589 (19.6%)
4253 (17.3%)
0.06
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type 
Code - CORRECT ONE - OPTUM
...Commercial; n (%)
2,640 (35.6%)
1277 (32.4%)
0.07
3,998 (28.6%)
835 (21.4%)
0.17
-
-
#VALUE!
6,638 (31.0%)
2112 (26.9%)
0.09
...Medicare Advantage; n (%)
4,773 (64.4%)
2663 (67.6%)
-0.07
9,979 (71.4%)
3073 (78.6%)
-0.17
-
-
#VALUE!
14,752 (69.0%)
5736 (73.1%)
-0.09
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type 
Code
...COM = COMMERCIAL; n (%)
2,640 (35.6%)
1,277 (32.4%)
0.07
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
2,640 (35.6%)
1,277 (32.4%)
0.07
...MCR = MEDICARE; n (%)
4,773 (64.4%)
2,663 (67.6%)
-0.07
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
4,773 (64.4%)
2,663 (67.6%)
-0.07
...MCD = MEDICAID; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...NONE = NO BUSINESS LINE CODE (added in 2015); n 
(%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...UNK = UNKNOWN (added in 2015); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Data Type
Appendix B

...1 - Fee For Service; n (%)
-
-
8,838 (63.2%)
2,764 (70.7%)
-0.16
-
-
8,838 (63.2%)
2,764 (70.7%)
-0.16
...2 - Encounter; n (%)
-
-
1,141 (8.2%)
309 (7.9%)
0.01
-
-
1,141 (8.2%)
309 (7.9%)
0.01
...3 - Medicare; n (%)
-
-
3,608 (25.8%)
750 (19.2%)
0.16
-
-
3,608 (25.8%)
750 (19.2%)
0.16
...4 - Medicare Encounter; n (%)
-
-
390 (2.8%)
85 (2.2%)
0.04
-
-
390 (2.8%)
85 (2.2%)
0.04
Metropolitan Statistical Area - Urban (any MSA) vs 
Rural (non-MSA)
0
0
0.00
...Urban; n (%)
-
-
11,109 (79.5%)
2,903 (74.3%)
0.12
-
-
11,109 (79.5%)
2,903 (74.3%)
0.12
...Rural; n (%)
-
-
151 (1.1%)
145 (3.7%)
-0.17
-
-
151 (1.1%)
145 (3.7%)
-0.17
...Unknown/Missing; n (%)
-
-
2,717 (19.4%)
860 (22.0%)
-0.06
-
-
2,717 (19.4%)
860 (22.0%)
-0.06
Due to CMS cell suppression policy, all values less than 11 are denoted with **
Appendix B

Variable
Reference- warfarin Copyroxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copyroxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff. Reference- warfarin Copyroxaban (15 or 20 mg) Copy
St. Diff.  Reference- warfarin Copy 
 Exposure - rivaroxaban 
(15 or 20 mg) Copy 
St. Diff.
Number of patients
1,575
 
1,575
 
2,899
 
2,899
 
8,511
 
8,511
 
12,985 
12,985 
Age
...mean (sd)
65.29 (15.26)
65.87 (14.42)
-0.04
55.03 (16.16)
55.22 (15.70)
-0.01
76.35 (7.86)
76.58 (7.93)
-0.03
70.25 (11.27)
70.51 (11.02)
-0.02
Age categories without zero category
...18 - 54; n (%)
373 (23.7%)
319 (20.3%)
0.08
1,394 (48.1%)
1,388 (47.9%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
1767 (13.6%)
1707 (13.1%)
0.01
...55 - 64; n (%)
269 (17.1%)
268 (17.0%)
0.00
821 (28.3%)
827 (28.5%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
1,090 (8.4%)
1,095 (8.4%)
0.00
...65 - 74; n (%)
424 (26.9%)
512 (32.5%)
-0.12
313 (10.8%)
338 (11.7%)
-0.03
4,015 (47.2%)
3,893 (45.7%)
0.03
4,752 (36.6%)
4,743 (36.5%)
0.00
...>= 75; n (%)
509 (32.3%)
476 (30.2%)
0.05
371 (12.8%)
346 (11.9%)
0.03
4,496 (52.8%)
4,618 (54.3%)
-0.03
5,376 (41.4%)
5,440 (41.9%)
-0.01
Gender without zero category- United
...Males; n (%)
718 (45.6%)
703 (44.6%)
0.02
1,383 (47.7%)
1,412 (48.7%)
-0.02
3,166 (37.2%)
3,136 (36.8%)
0.01
5,267 (40.6%)
5,251 (40.4%)
0.00
...Females; n (%)
857 (54.4%)
872 (55.4%)
-0.02
1,516 (52.3%)
1,487 (51.3%)
0.02
5,345 (62.8%)
5,375 (63.2%)
-0.01
7,718 (59.4%)
7,734 (59.6%)
0.00
Race 
...White; n (%)
7,144 (83.9%)
7,136 (83.8%)
7,144 (83.9%)
7,136 (83.8%)
0.00
...Black; n (%)
932 (11.0%)
947 (11.1%)
932 (11.0%)
947 (11.1%)
0.00
...Asian; n (%)
81 (1.0%)
77 (0.9%)
81 (1.0%)
77 (0.9%)
0.00
...Hispanic; n (%)
188 (2.2%)
192 (2.3%)
188 (2.2%)
192 (2.3%)
0.00
...North American Native; n (%)
33 (0.4%)
31 (0.4%)
33 (0.4%)
31 (0.4%)
0.00
...Other/Unknown; n (%)
133 (1.6%)
128 (1.5%)
133 (1.6%)
128 (1.5%)
0.00
Region without zero category- United v3 (lumping 
missing&other category with West)
...Northeast; n (%)
182 (11.6%)
189 (12.0%)
-0.01
490 (16.9%)
522 (18.0%)
-0.03
1,623 (19.1%)
1,606 (18.9%)
0.01
2,295 (17.7%)
2,317 (17.8%)
0.00
...South; n (%)
662 (42.0%)
664 (42.2%)
0.00
808 (27.9%)
829 (28.6%)
-0.02
3,508 (41.2%)
3,470 (40.8%)
0.01
4,978 (38.3%)
4,963 (38.2%)
0.00
...Midwest; n (%)
391 (24.8%)
383 (24.3%)
0.01
1,249 (43.1%)
1,191 (41.1%)
0.04
2,049 (24.1%)
2,086 (24.5%)
-0.01
3,689 (28.4%)
3,660 (28.2%)
0.00
...West; n (%)
340 (21.6%)
339 (21.5%)
0.00
309 (10.7%)
320 (11.0%)
-0.01
1,331 (15.6%)
1,349 (15.9%)
-0.01
1,980 (15.2%)
2,008 (15.5%)
-0.01
...Unknown+missing; n (%)
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
43 (1.5%)
37 (1.3%)
0.02
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
43 (1.5%)
37 (1.3%)
0.02
CV Covariates
Ischemic heart disease; n (%)
225 (14.3%)
234 (14.9%)
-0.02
309 (10.7%)
296 (10.2%)
0.02
1,805 (21.2%)
1,799 (21.1%)
0.00
2,339 (18.0%)
2,329 (17.9%)
0.00
Acute MI; n (%)
15 (1.0%)
19 (1.2%)
-0.02
51 (1.8%)
41 (1.4%)
0.03
129 (1.5%)
123 (1.4%)
0.01
195 (1.5%)
183 (1.4%)
0.01
ACS/unstable angina; n (%)
** (0.6%)
** (0.6%)
0.00
** (0.2%)
** (0.3%)
-0.02
55 (0.6%)
55 (0.6%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Old MI; n (%)
48 (3.0%)
42 (2.7%)
0.02
44 (1.5%)
38 (1.3%)
0.02
402 (4.7%)
389 (4.6%)
0.00
494 (3.8%)
469 (3.6%)
0.01
Stable angina; n (%)
28 (1.8%)
34 (2.2%)
-0.03
46 (1.6%)
39 (1.3%)
0.03
155 (1.8%)
162 (1.9%)
-0.01
229 (1.8%)
235 (1.8%)
0.00
Coronary atherosclerosis and other forms of chronic 
ischemic heart disease; n (%)
196 (12.4%)
204 (13.0%)
-0.02
256 (8.8%)
242 (8.3%)
0.02
1,624 (19.1%)
1,620 (19.0%)
0.00
2,076 (16.0%)
2,066 (15.9%)
0.00
Other atherosclerosis with ICD10 v2 Copy; n (%)
16 (1.0%)
17 (1.1%)
-0.01
31 (1.1%)
15 (0.5%)
0.07
124 (1.5%)
84 (1.0%)
0.05
171 (1.3%)
116 (0.9%)
0.04
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) 
v4; n (%)
** (0.5%)
** (0.3%)
0.03
17 (0.6%)
12 (0.4%)
0.03
54 (0.6%)
35 (0.4%)
0.03
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
History of CABG or PTCA; n (%)
56 (3.6%)
74 (4.7%)
-0.06
42 (1.4%)
43 (1.5%)
-0.01
618 (7.3%)
639 (7.5%)
-0.01
716 (5.5%)
756 (5.8%)
-0.01
Any stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Ischemic stroke (w and w/o mention of cerebral 
infarction); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Hemorrhagic stroke; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
000 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
TIA; n (%)
12 (0.8%)
15 (1.0%)
-0.02
28 (1.0%)
25 (0.9%)
0.01
95 (1.1%)
103 (1.2%)
-0.01
135 (1.0%)
143 (1.1%)
-0.01
Other cerebrovascular disease; n (%)
22 (1.4%)
29 (1.8%)
-0.03
23 (0.8%)
29 (1.0%)
-0.02
178 (2.1%)
183 (2.2%)
-0.01
223 (1.7%)
241 (1.9%)
-0.02
Cerebrovascular procedure; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
000 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Heart failure (CHF); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.0%)
0.04
<11 (0.0%)
<11 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) or PVD Surgery v2; 
n (%)
183 (11.6%)
189 (12.0%)
-0.01
329 (11.3%)
325 (11.2%)
0.00
1,107 (13.0%)
1,097 (12.9%)
0.00
1,619 (12.5%)
1,611 (12.4%)
0.00
Atrial fibrillation; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
000 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Other cardiac dysrhythmia; n (%)
174 (11.0%)
182 (11.6%)
-0.02
305 (10.5%)
296 (10.2%)
0.01
1,118 (13.1%)
1,099 (12.9%)
0.01
1,597 (12.3%)
1,577 (12.1%)
0.01
Cardiac conduction disorders; n (%)
64 (4.1%)
64 (4.1%)
0.00
86 (3.0%)
87 (3.0%)
0.00
466 (5.5%)
523 (6.1%)
-0.03
616 (4.7%)
674 (5.2%)
-0.02
Other CVD; n (%)
272 (17.3%)
261 (16.6%)
0.02
430 (14.8%)
454 (15.7%)
-0.03
1,402 (16.5%)
1,367 (16.1%)
0.01
2,104 (16.2%)
2,082 (16.0%)
0.01
Diabetes-related complications
Occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy v2 Copy; n (%)
104 (6.6%)
117 (7.4%)
-0.03
95 (3.3%)
88 (3.0%)
0.02
474 (5.6%)
451 (5.3%)
0.01
673 (5.2%)
656 (5.1%)
0.00
Occurrence of diabetic nephropathy V3 with ICD10 
Copy; n (%)
54 (3.4%)
64 (4.1%)
-0.04
45 (1.6%)
44 (1.5%)
0.01
249 (2.9%)
217 (2.5%)
0.02
348 (2.7%)
325 (2.5%)
0.01
Hypoglycemia v2; n (%)
20 (1.3%)
26 (1.7%)
-0.03
33 (1.1%)
31 (1.1%)
0.00
241 (2.8%)
216 (2.5%)
0.02
294 (2.3%)
273 (2.1%)
0.01
Hyperglycemia; n (%)
103 (6.5%)
101 (6.4%)
0.00
137 (4.7%)
134 (4.6%)
0.00
644 (7.6%)
648 (7.6%)
0.00
884 (6.8%)
883 (6.8%)
0.00
Diabetic ketoacidosis; n (%)
13 (0.8%)
** (0.4%)
0.05
** (0.4%)
15 (0.5%)
-0.01
28 (0.3%)
29 (0.3%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Hypertension: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims 
within 365 days; n (%)
1,009 (64.1%)
1,044 (66.3%)
-0.05
1,471 (50.7%)
1,490 (51.4%)
-0.01
6,804 (79.9%)
6,845 (80.4%)
-0.01
9,284 (71.5%)
9,379 (72.2%)
-0.02
Hyperlipidemia v2; n (%)
725 (46.0%)
766 (48.6%)
-0.05
952 (32.8%)
964 (33.3%)
-0.01
4,628 (54.4%)
4,625 (54.3%)
0.00
6,305 (48.6%)
6,355 (48.9%)
-0.01
Edema; n (%)
491 (31.2%)
509 (32.3%)
-0.02
701 (24.2%)
707 (24.4%)
0.00
2,208 (25.9%)
2,213 (26.0%)
0.00
3400 (26.2%)
3429 (26.4%)
0.00
Renal Dysfunction (non-diabetic) v2; n (%)
363 (23.0%)
378 (24.0%)
-0.02
452 (15.6%)
470 (16.2%)
-0.02
2,153 (25.3%)
2,230 (26.2%)
-0.02
2968 (22.9%)
3078 (23.7%)
-0.02
Occurrence of acute renal disease v2; n (%)
176 (11.2%)
185 (11.7%)
-0.02
229 (7.9%)
254 (8.8%)
-0.03
1,009 (11.9%)
1,028 (12.1%)
-0.01
1414 (10.9%)
1467 (11.3%)
-0.01
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency; n (%)
200 (12.7%)
209 (13.3%)
-0.02
160 (5.5%)
167 (5.8%)
-0.01
1,274 (15.0%)
1,293 (15.2%)
-0.01
1634 (12.6%)
1669 (12.9%)
-0.01
Chronic kidney disease v2; n (%)
193 (12.3%)
199 (12.6%)
-0.01
150 (5.2%)
148 (5.1%)
0.00
1,205 (14.2%)
1,224 (14.4%)
-0.01
1548 (11.9%)
1571 (12.1%)
-0.01
CKD Stage 3-4; n (%)
117 (7.4%)
132 (8.4%)
-0.04
73 (2.5%)
79 (2.7%)
-0.01
724 (8.5%)
715 (8.4%)
0.00
914 (7.0%)
926 (7.1%)
0.00
Occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy; n (%)
117 (7.4%)
129 (8.2%)
-0.03
67 (2.3%)
73 (2.5%)
-0.01
922 (10.8%)
937 (11.0%)
-0.01
1106 (8.5%)
1139 (8.8%)
-0.01
Occurrence of miscellaneous renal insufficiency v2; n 
(%)
123 (7.8%)
133 (8.4%)
-0.02
195 (6.7%)
199 (6.9%)
-0.01
765 (9.0%)
733 (8.6%)
0.01
1083 (8.3%)
1065 (8.2%)
0.00
Other Covariates
Liver disease; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Osteoarthritis; n (%)
506 (32.1%)
515 (32.7%)
-0.01
656 (22.6%)
651 (22.5%)
0.00
3,140 (36.9%)
3,181 (37.4%)
-0.01
4302 (33.1%)
4347 (33.5%)
-0.01
Optum
 PS-matched
MarketScan
Medicare
POOLED
Appendix B

Other arthritis, arthropathies and musculoskeletal 
pain; n (%)
1,330 (84.4%)
1,329 (84.4%)
0.00
2,280 (78.6%)
2,265 (78.1%)
0.01
6,544 (76.9%)
6,553 (77.0%)
0.00
10154 (78.2%)
10147 (78.1%)
0.00
Dorsopathies; n (%)
563 (35.7%)
552 (35.0%)
0.01
948 (32.7%)
909 (31.4%)
0.03
2,792 (32.8%)
2,816 (33.1%)
-0.01
4303 (33.1%)
4277 (32.9%)
0.00
Fractures; n (%)
200 (12.7%)
197 (12.5%)
0.01
321 (11.1%)
299 (10.3%)
0.03
1,177 (13.8%)
1,110 (13.0%)
0.02
1698 (13.1%)
1606 (12.4%)
0.02
Falls v2; n (%)
178 (11.3%)
184 (11.7%)
-0.01
106 (3.7%)
104 (3.6%)
0.01
427 (5.0%)
439 (5.2%)
-0.01
711 (5.5%)
727 (5.6%)
0.00
Osteoporosis; n (%)
148 (9.4%)
154 (9.8%)
-0.01
120 (4.1%)
119 (4.1%)
0.00
1,301 (15.3%)
1,287 (15.1%)
0.01
1569 (12.1%)
1560 (12.0%)
0.00
Depression; n (%)
296 (18.8%)
315 (20.0%)
-0.03
417 (14.4%)
407 (14.0%)
0.01
1,407 (16.5%)
1,395 (16.4%)
0.00
2120 (16.3%)
2117 (16.3%)
0.00
Anxiety; n (%)
278 (17.7%)
285 (18.1%)
-0.01
412 (14.2%)
398 (13.7%)
0.01
1,230 (14.5%)
1,230 (14.5%)
0.00
1920 (14.8%)
1913 (14.7%)
0.00
Sleep_Disorder; n (%)
137 (8.7%)
152 (9.7%)
-0.03
301 (10.4%)
293 (10.1%)
0.01
602 (7.1%)
616 (7.2%)
0.00
1040 (8.0%)
1061 (8.2%)
-0.01
Dementia; n (%)
175 (11.1%)
173 (11.0%)
0.00
142 (4.9%)
131 (4.5%)
0.02
1,430 (16.8%)
1,386 (16.3%)
0.01
1747 (13.5%)
1690 (13.0%)
0.01
Delirium; n (%)
70 (4.4%)
71 (4.5%)
0.00
86 (3.0%)
86 (3.0%)
0.00
492 (5.8%)
464 (5.5%)
0.01
648 (5.0%)
621 (4.8%)
0.01
Psychosis; n (%)
51 (3.2%)
44 (2.8%)
0.02
51 (1.8%)
50 (1.7%)
0.01
346 (4.1%)
311 (3.7%)
0.02
448 (3.5%)
405 (3.1%)
0.02
Obesity; n (%)
372 (23.6%)
383 (24.3%)
-0.02
665 (22.9%)
664 (22.9%)
0.00
1,485 (17.4%)
1,452 (17.1%)
0.01
2522 (19.4%)
2499 (19.2%)
0.01
Overweight; n (%)
82 (5.2%)
78 (5.0%)
0.01
84 (2.9%)
76 (2.6%)
0.02
368 (4.3%)
383 (4.5%)
-0.01
534 (4.1%)
537 (4.1%)
0.00
Smoking; n (%)
464 (29.5%)
469 (29.8%)
-0.01
512 (17.7%)
522 (18.0%)
-0.01
2,580 (30.3%)
2,587 (30.4%)
0.00
3556 (27.4%)
3578 (27.6%)
0.00
Alcohol abuse or dependence; n (%)
52 (3.3%)
53 (3.4%)
-0.01
61 (2.1%)
59 (2.0%)
0.01
100 (1.2%)
86 (1.0%)
0.02
213 (1.6%)
198 (1.5%)
0.01
Drug abuse or dependence; n (%)
68 (4.3%)
58 (3.7%)
0.03
77 (2.7%)
78 (2.7%)
0.00
96 (1.1%)
103 (1.2%)
-0.01
241 (1.9%)
239 (1.8%)
0.01
COPD; n (%)
215 (13.7%)
228 (14.5%)
-0.02
237 (8.2%)
234 (8.1%)
0.00
1,454 (17.1%)
1,433 (16.8%)
0.01
1906 (14.7%)
1895 (14.6%)
0.00
Asthma; n (%)
156 (9.9%)
154 (9.8%)
0.00
258 (8.9%)
262 (9.0%)
0.00
765 (9.0%)
746 (8.8%)
0.01
1179 (9.1%)
1162 (8.9%)
0.01
Obstructive sleep apnea; n (%)
137 (8.7%)
145 (9.2%)
-0.02
274 (9.5%)
268 (9.2%)
0.01
485 (5.7%)
464 (5.5%)
0.01
896 (6.9%)
877 (6.8%)
0.00
Pneumonia; n (%)
133 (8.4%)
136 (8.6%)
-0.01
242 (8.3%)
232 (8.0%)
0.01
843 (9.9%)
805 (9.5%)
0.01
1218 (9.4%)
1173 (9.0%)
0.01
Other Medications
Use of ACE inhibitors; n (%)
385 (24.4%)
394 (25.0%)
-0.01
559 (19.3%)
548 (18.9%)
0.01
2,410 (28.3%)
2,442 (28.7%)
-0.01
3354 (25.8%)
3384 (26.1%)
-0.01
Use of ARBs; n (%)
215 (13.7%)
218 (13.8%)
0.00
353 (12.2%)
369 (12.7%)
-0.02
1,572 (18.5%)
1,589 (18.7%)
-0.01
2140 (16.5%)
2176 (16.8%)
-0.01
Use of Loop Diuretics - United; n (%)
177 (11.2%)
174 (11.0%)
0.01
230 (7.9%)
241 (8.3%)
-0.01
1,423 (16.7%)
1,427 (16.8%)
0.00
1830 (14.1%)
1842 (14.2%)
0.00
Use of other diuretics- United; n (%)
19 (1.2%)
26 (1.7%)
-0.04
47 (1.6%)
45 (1.6%)
0.00
176 (2.1%)
170 (2.0%)
0.01
242 (1.9%)
241 (1.9%)
0.00
Use of nitrates-United; n (%)
35 (2.2%)
38 (2.4%)
-0.01
57 (2.0%)
47 (1.6%)
0.03
382 (4.5%)
367 (4.3%)
0.01
474 (3.7%)
452 (3.5%)
0.01
Use of other hypertension drugs; n (%)
66 (4.2%)
70 (4.4%)
-0.01
117 (4.0%)
91 (3.1%)
0.05
522 (6.1%)
528 (6.2%)
0.00
705 (5.4%)
689 (5.3%)
0.00
Use of Anti-arrhythmics; n (%)
** (0.3%)
** (0.3%)
0.00
** (0.4%)
** (0.3%)
0.02
37 (0.4%)
40 (0.5%)
-0.01
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of COPD/asthma meds- United; n (%)
259 (16.4%)
230 (14.6%)
0.05
414 (14.3%)
484 (16.7%)
-0.07
1,627 (19.1%)
1,601 (18.8%)
0.01
2300 (17.7%)
2315 (17.8%)
0.00
Use of statins; n (%)
498 (31.6%)
529 (33.6%)
-0.04
680 (23.5%)
699 (24.1%)
-0.01
3,519 (41.3%)
3,513 (41.3%)
0.00
4697 (36.2%)
4741 (36.5%)
-0.01
Use of other lipid-lowering drugs; n (%)
86 (5.5%)
80 (5.1%)
0.02
130 (4.5%)
146 (5.0%)
-0.02
563 (6.6%)
571 (6.7%)
0.00
779 (6.0%)
797 (6.1%)
0.00
Use of antiplatelet agents; n (%)
87 (5.5%)
86 (5.5%)
0.00
167 (5.8%)
172 (5.9%)
0.00
766 (9.0%)
749 (8.8%)
0.01
1020 (7.9%)
1007 (7.8%)
0.00
Use of heparin and other low-molecular weight 
heparins; n (%)
245 (15.6%)
210 (13.3%)
0.07
** (0.2%)
** (0.1%)
0.03
986 (11.6%)
906 (10.6%)
0.03
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of NSAIDs; n (%)
338 (21.5%)
335 (21.3%)
0.00
686 (23.7%)
669 (23.1%)
0.01
1,714 (20.1%)
1,677 (19.7%)
0.01
2738 (21.1%)
2681 (20.6%)
0.01
Use of oral corticosteroids; n (%)
416 (26.4%)
420 (26.7%)
-0.01
748 (25.8%)
872 (30.1%)
-0.10
2,555 (30.0%)
2,516 (29.6%)
0.01
3719 (28.6%)
3808 (29.3%)
-0.02
Use of bisphosphonate (United); n (%)
54 (3.4%)
54 (3.4%)
0.00
44 (1.5%)
49 (1.7%)
-0.02
424 (5.0%)
429 (5.0%)
0.00
522 (4.0%)
532 (4.1%)
-0.01
Use of opioids- United; n (%)
830 (52.7%)
829 (52.6%)
0.00
1,743 (60.1%)
1,733 (59.8%)
0.01
4,168 (49.0%)
4,215 (49.5%)
-0.01
6741 (51.9%)
6777 (52.2%)
-0.01
Use of antidepressants; n (%)
460 (29.2%)
448 (28.4%)
0.02
717 (24.7%)
709 (24.5%)
0.00
2,420 (28.4%)
2,431 (28.6%)
0.00
3597 (27.7%)
3588 (27.6%)
0.00
Use of antipsychotics; n (%)
85 (5.4%)
81 (5.1%)
0.01
115 (4.0%)
115 (4.0%)
0.00
579 (6.8%)
570 (6.7%)
0.00
779 (6.0%)
766 (5.9%)
0.00
Labs
4,474 
4,474 
Lab values- HbA1c (%) v3; n (%)
190 (12.1%)
169 (10.7%)
0.04
29 (1.0%)
29 (1.0%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
219 (4.9%)
198 (4.4%)
0.02
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 3 months) v3; n (%)
110 (7.0%)
103 (6.5%)
0.02
17 (0.6%)
19 (0.7%)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
127 (2.8%)
122 (2.7%)
0.01
Lab values- HbA1c (%) (within 6 months) v3; n (%)
190 (12.1%)
169 (10.7%)
0.04
29 (1.0%)
29 (1.0%)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
219 (4.9%)
198 (4.4%)
0.02
Lab values- BNP; n (%)
** (0.4%)
** (0.5%)
-0.01
0 (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 3 months); n (%)
** (0.4%)
** (0.4%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BNP (within 6 months); n (%)
** (0.4%)
** (0.5%)
-0.01
0 (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl); n (%)
437 (27.7%)
449 (28.5%)
-0.02
35 (1.2%)
55 (1.9%)
-0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
472 (10.5%)
504 (11.3%)
-0.03
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
290 (18.4%)
322 (20.4%)
-0.05
23 (0.8%)
39 (1.3%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
313 (7.0%)
361 (8.1%)
-0.04
Lab values- BUN (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
437 (27.7%)
449 (28.5%)
-0.02
35 (1.2%)
55 (1.9%)
-0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
472 (10.5%)
504 (11.3%)
-0.03
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
452 (28.7%)
466 (29.6%)
-0.02
38 (1.3%)
59 (2.0%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
490 (11.0%)
525 (11.7%)
-0.02
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; 
n (%)
301 (19.1%)
337 (21.4%)
-0.06
25 (0.9%)
42 (1.4%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
326 (7.3%)
379 (8.5%)
-0.04
Lab values- Creatinine (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; 
n (%)
452 (28.7%)
466 (29.6%)
-0.02
38 (1.3%)
59 (2.0%)
-0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
490 (11.0%)
525 (11.7%)
-0.02
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl); n (%)
242 (15.4%)
263 (16.7%)
-0.04
21 (0.7%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
263 (5.9%)
295 (6.6%)
-0.03
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months); n (%)
123 (7.8%)
146 (9.3%)
-0.05
** (0.2%)
19 (0.7%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
165 (3.7%)
#VALUE!
Lab values- HDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months); n (%)
242 (15.4%)
263 (16.7%)
-0.04
21 (0.7%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
263 (5.9%)
295 (6.6%)
-0.03
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
244 (15.5%)
264 (16.8%)
-0.04
24 (0.8%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
268 (6.0%)
296 (6.6%)
-0.02
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 3 months) v2; n 
(%)
128 (8.1%)
145 (9.2%)
-0.04
** (0.3%)
18 (0.6%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
163 (3.6%)
#VALUE!
Lab values- LDL level (mg/dl) (within 6 months) v2; n 
(%)
244 (15.5%)
264 (16.8%)
-0.04
24 (0.8%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
268 (6.0%)
296 (6.6%)
-0.02
Lab values- NT-proBNP; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 3 months); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- NT-proBNP (within 6 months); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) v2; n (%)
245 (15.6%)
263 (16.7%)
-0.03
20 (0.7%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
265 (5.9%)
295 (6.6%)
-0.03
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 3 
months) v2; n (%)
125 (7.9%)
145 (9.2%)
-0.05
** (0.2%)
19 (0.7%)
-0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
164 (3.7%)
#VALUE!
Lab values- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) (within 6 
months) v2; n (%)
245 (15.6%)
263 (16.7%)
-0.03
20 (0.7%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
265 (5.9%)
295 (6.6%)
-0.03
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl); n (%)
244 (15.5%)
265 (16.8%)
-0.04
21 (0.7%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
265 (5.9%)
297 (6.6%)
-0.03
Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 3 
months); n (%)
126 (8.0%)
146 (9.3%)
-0.05
** (0.2%)
18 (0.6%)
-0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
164 (3.7%)
#VALUE!
Appendix B

Lab values- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) (within 6 
months); n (%)
244 (15.5%)
265 (16.8%)
-0.04
21 (0.7%)
32 (1.1%)
-0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
265 (5.9%)
297 (6.6%)
-0.03
Lab result number- HbA1c (%) mean (only 2 to 20 
included) v4
189
 
169
 
27
 
28
 
N/A
N/A
216 
197 
...mean (sd)
6.88 (1.71)
6.69 (1.48)
0.12
7.17 (1.18)
7.17 (1.32)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
6.92 (1.66)
6.76 (1.46)
0.10
...Missing; n (%)
1,386 (88.0%)
1,406 (89.3%)
-0.04
2,872 (99.1%)
2,871 (99.0%)
0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,258 (95.2%)
4,277 (95.6%)
-0.02
Lab result number- BNP mean v2
7 
8 
- 
2 
N/A
N/A
7 
10 
...mean (sd)
94.99 (97.03)
197.30 (393.25)
-0.36
- (-)
32.00 (28.28)
#VALUE!
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
164.24 (393.40)
#VALUE!
...Missing; n (%)
1,568 (99.6%)
1,567 (99.5%)
0.01
2,899 (100.0%)
2,897 (99.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,467 (99.8%)
4,464 (99.8%)
0.00
Lab result number- BUN (mg/dl) mean v2
437 
449 
35 
55 
N/A
N/A
472 
504 
...mean (sd)
18.11 (8.11)
17.57 (7.17)
0.07
17.18 (8.16)
16.40 (6.60)
0.11
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
18.04 (8.12)
17.44 (7.12)
0.08
...Missing; n (%)
1,138 (72.3%)
1,126 (71.5%)
0.02
2,864 (98.8%)
2,844 (98.1%)
0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,002 (89.5%)
3,970 (88.7%)
0.03
Lab result number- Creatinine (mg/dl) mean (only 0.1 
to 15 included) v3
447 
460 
37 
57 
N/A
N/A
484 
517 
...mean (sd)
0.99 (0.36)
0.97 (0.28)
0.06
0.95 (0.32)
0.95 (0.28)
0.00
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
0.99 (0.36)
0.97 (0.28)
0.06
...Missing; n (%)
1,128 (71.6%)
1,115 (70.8%)
0.02
2,862 (98.7%)
2,842 (98.0%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
3,990 (89.2%)
3,957 (88.4%)
0.03
Lab result number- HDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
242 
263 
21 
32 
N/A
N/A
263 
295 
...mean (sd)
52.41 (17.47)
53.27 (16.64)
-0.05
48.62 (13.24)
44.83 (11.26)
0.31
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
52.11 (17.22)
52.35 (16.18)
-0.01
...Missing; n (%)
1,333 (84.6%)
1,312 (83.3%)
0.04
2,878 (99.3%)
2,867 (98.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,211 (94.1%)
4,179 (93.4%)
0.03
Lab result number- LDL level (mg/dl) mean (only 
=<5000 included) v2
239 
262 
21 
30 
N/A
N/A
260 
292 
...mean (sd)
101.44 (33.15)
100.96 (36.42)
0.01
103.33 (25.48)
94.27 (29.11)
0.33
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
101.59 (32.68)
100.27 (35.82)
0.04
...Missing; n (%)
1,336 (84.8%)
1,313 (83.4%)
0.04
2,878 (99.3%)
2,869 (99.0%)
0.03
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,214 (94.2%)
4,182 (93.5%)
0.03
Lab result number- Total cholesterol (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
245 
263 
20 
32 
N/A
N/A
265 
295 
...mean (sd)
180.67 (41.98)
181.58 (40.29)
-0.02
180.45 (27.83)
180.69 (46.88)
-0.01
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
180.65 (41.20)
181.48 (41.11)
-0.02
...Missing; n (%)
1,330 (84.4%)
1,312 (83.3%)
0.03
2,879 (99.3%)
2,867 (98.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,209 (94.1%)
4,179 (93.4%)
0.03
Lab result number- Triglyceride level (mg/dl) mean 
(only =<5000 included) v2
244 
265 
21 
32 
N/A
N/A
265 
297 
...mean (sd)
134.91 (69.13)
136.25 (69.41)
-0.02
143.67 (74.18)
177.70 (98.70)
-0.39
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
135.60 (69.66)
140.72 (73.17)
-0.07
...Missing; n (%)
1,331 (84.5%)
1,310 (83.2%)
0.04
2,878 (99.3%)
2,867 (98.9%)
0.04
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,209 (94.1%)
4,177 (93.4%)
0.03
Lab result number- Hemoglobin mean (only >0 
included)
368 
376 
25 
49 
N/A
N/A
393 
425 
...mean (sd)
13.18 (1.94)
13.23 (1.89)
-0.03
12.30 (3.19)
12.67 (3.06)
-0.12
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
13.12 (2.04)
13.17 (2.06)
-0.02
...Missing; n (%)
1,207 (76.6%)
1,199 (76.1%)
0.01
2,874 (99.1%)
2,850 (98.3%)
0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,081 (91.2%)
4,049 (90.5%)
0.02
Lab result number- Serum sodium mean (only > 90 
and < 190 included)
431 
438 
35 
53 
N/A
N/A
466 
491 
...mean (sd)
140.16 (2.94)
140.09 (2.65)
0.03
139.41 (2.22)
138.69 (3.08)
0.27
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
140.10 (2.90)
139.94 (2.70)
0.06
...Missing; n (%)
1,144 (72.6%)
1,137 (72.2%)
0.01
2,864 (98.8%)
2,846 (98.2%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,008 (89.6%)
3,983 (89.0%)
0.02
Lab result number- Albumin mean (only >0 and <=10 
included)
393 
384 
27 
45 
N/A
N/A
420 
429 
...mean (sd)
4.07 (0.42)
4.06 (0.44)
0.02
3.88 (0.89)
3.96 (0.75)
-0.10
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4.06 (0.46)
4.05 (0.48)
0.02
...Missing; n (%)
1,182 (75.0%)
1,191 (75.6%)
-0.01
2,872 (99.1%)
2,854 (98.4%)
0.06
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,054 (90.6%)
4,045 (90.4%)
0.01
Lab result number- Glucose (fasting or random) mean 
(only 10-1000 included)
430 
438 
33 
54 
N/A
N/A
463 
492 
...mean (sd)
114.69 (54.46)
113.20 (40.43)
0.03
141.69 (58.99)
149.10 (79.94)
-0.11
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
116.61 (54.85)
117.14 (46.40)
-0.01
...Missing; n (%)
1,145 (72.7%)
1,137 (72.2%)
0.01
2,866 (98.9%)
2,845 (98.1%)
0.07
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,011 (89.7%)
3,982 (89.0%)
0.02
Lab result number- Potassium mean (only 1-7 
included)
439 
451 
34 
52 
N/A
N/A
473 
503 
...mean (sd)
4.36 (0.43)
4.32 (0.43)
0.09
4.11 (0.33)
4.32 (0.38)
-0.59
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4.34 (0.42)
4.32 (0.43)
0.05
...Missing; n (%)
1,136 (72.1%)
1,124 (71.4%)
0.02
2,865 (98.8%)
2,847 (98.2%)
0.05
N/A
N/A
#VALUE!
4,001 (89.4%)
3,971 (88.8%)
0.02
Comorbidity Scores
CCI (180 days)- ICD9 and ICD10 v2
...mean (sd)
2.24 (2.49)
2.23 (2.44)
0.00
1.54 (2.15)
1.51 (2.17)
0.01
2.33 (2.65)
2.27 (2.61)
0.02
2.14 (2.53)
2.10 (2.50)
0.02
Non-Frailty; n (%)
758 (48.1%)
742 (47.1%)
0.02
1,188 (41.0%)
1,206 (41.6%)
-0.01
227 (2.7%)
162 (1.9%)
0.05
2,173 (16.7%)
2,110 (16.2%)
0.01
Frailty Score (mean): Empirical Version 365 days, v2
...mean (sd)
0.20 (0.07)
0.20 (0.07)
0.00
0.17 (0.06)
0.17 (0.06)
0.00
0.11 (0.08)
0.11 (0.08)
0.00
0.13 (0.07)
0.13 (0.07)
0.00
Healthcare Utilization
Any hospitalization; n (%)
1,171 (74.3%)
1,168 (74.2%)
0.00
2,898 (100.0%)
2,899 (100.0%)
#DIV/0!
6,540 (76.8%)
6,597 (77.5%)
-0.02
10,609 (81.7%)
10,664 (82.1%)
-0.01
Any hospitalization within prior 30 days; n (%)
1,051 (66.7%)
1,076 (68.3%)
-0.03
2,867 (98.9%)
2,861 (98.7%)
0.02
6,186 (72.7%)
6,226 (73.2%)
-0.01
10104 (77.8%)
10163 (78.3%)
-0.01
Any hospitalization during prior 31-180 days; n (%)
285 (18.1%)
260 (16.5%)
0.04
345 (11.9%)
385 (13.3%)
-0.04
1,609 (18.9%)
1,500 (17.6%)
0.03
2239 (17.2%)
2145 (16.5%)
0.02
Internal medicine/family medicine visits; n (%)
1,414 (89.8%)
1,433 (91.0%)
-0.04
2,306 (79.5%)
2,292 (79.1%)
0.01
7,909 (92.9%)
8,030 (94.3%)
-0.06
11629 (89.6%)
11755 (90.5%)
-0.03
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (30 days 
prior) v2; n (%)
1,257 (79.8%)
1,288 (81.8%)
-0.05
1,654 (57.1%)
1,591 (54.9%)
0.04
7,300 (85.8%)
7,400 (86.9%)
-0.03
10211 (78.6%)
10279 (79.2%)
-0.01
Internal medicine/family medicine visits (31 to 180 
days prior) v2; n (%)
1,105 (70.2%)
1,103 (70.0%)
0.00
1,893 (65.3%)
1,870 (64.5%)
0.02
6,307 (74.1%)
6,289 (73.9%)
0.00
9305 (71.7%)
9262 (71.3%)
0.01
Cardiologist visit; n (%)
681 (43.2%)
702 (44.6%)
-0.03
626 (21.6%)
642 (22.1%)
-0.01
4,247 (49.9%)
4,211 (49.5%)
0.01
5554 (42.8%)
5555 (42.8%)
0.00
Number of Cardiologist visits (30 days prior); n (%)
496 (31.5%)
500 (31.7%)
0.00
377 (13.0%)
359 (12.4%)
0.02
3,097 (36.4%)
3,041 (35.7%)
0.01
3970 (30.6%)
3900 (30.0%)
0.01
Number of Cardiologist visits (31 to 180 days prior); 
n (%)
315 (20.0%)
327 (20.8%)
-0.02
351 (12.1%)
355 (12.2%)
0.00
2,225 (26.1%)
2,169 (25.5%)
0.01
2891 (22.3%)
2851 (22.0%)
0.01
Electrocardiogram v2; n (%)
897 (57.0%)
888 (56.4%)
0.01
1,056 (36.4%)
1,062 (36.6%)
0.00
5,347 (62.8%)
5,402 (63.5%)
-0.01
7300 (56.2%)
7352 (56.6%)
-0.01
Use of glucose test strips; n (%)
27 (1.7%)
21 (1.3%)
0.03
31 (1.1%)
30 (1.0%)
0.01
131 (1.5%)
130 (1.5%)
0.00
189 (1.5%)
181 (1.4%)
0.01
Dialysis; n (%)
** (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
<11 (0.1%)
<11 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
number of different/distinct medication 
prescriptions
...mean (sd)
9.11 (5.28)
9.12 (5.40)
0.00
9.08 (5.24)
9.08 (5.82)
0.00
9.99 (5.30)
9.94 (5.25)
0.01
9.68 (5.28)
9.65 (5.40)
0.01
Number of Hospitalizations
...mean (sd)
0.97 (0.80)
0.99 (0.84)
-0.02
1.29 (0.70)
1.29 (0.64)
0.00
1.11 (0.92)
1.10 (0.89)
0.01
1.13 (0.86)
1.13 (0.83)
0.00
Appendix B

Number of hospital days
...mean (sd)
5.10 (5.19)
5.11 (7.06)
0.00
7.00 (6.55)
6.98 (8.63)
0.00
6.22 (6.56)
6.04 (8.07)
0.02
6.26 (6.41)
6.14 (8.08)
0.02
Number of Emergency Department (ED) visits v3
...mean (sd)
2.07 (2.62)
2.04 (1.86)
0.01
2.58 (5.38)
2.66 (7.21)
-0.01
2.15 (2.27)
2.12 (1.90)
0.01
2.24 (3.27)
2.23 (3.79)
0.00
Number of Office visits
...mean (sd)
5.47 (4.54)
5.63 (4.70)
-0.03
5.58 (5.27)
5.57 (5.04)
0.00
13.86 (15.96)
13.58 (15.05)
0.02
10.99 (13.25)
10.83 (12.52)
0.01
Number of internal medicine/family medicine visits
...mean (sd)
11.72 (18.22)
9.93 (12.31)
0.12
6.37 (11.98)
6.10 (10.85)
0.02
12.38 (12.28)
11.56 (12.82)
0.07
10.96 (13.08)
10.14 (12.34)
0.06
Number of Cardiologist visits
...mean (sd)
1.41 (3.19)
1.57 (3.56)
-0.05
0.60 (1.92)
0.57 (1.90)
0.02
1.91 (4.01)
1.88 (3.85)
0.01
1.56 (3.55)
1.55 (3.47)
0.00
Number electrocardiograms received v2
...mean (sd)
1.26 (1.97)
1.25 (1.69)
0.01
0.65 (1.20)
0.66 (1.17)
-0.01
1.42 (1.74)
1.40 (1.64)
0.01
1.23 (1.67)
1.22 (1.55)
0.01
Number of HbA1c tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.36 (0.67)
0.34 (0.65)
0.03
0.21 (0.57)
0.22 (0.55)
-0.02
0.38 (0.71)
0.37 (0.70)
0.01
0.34 (0.68)
0.33 (0.66)
0.01
Number of glucose tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.41 (5.52)
0.41 (5.16)
0.00
0.14 (0.62)
0.15 (0.64)
-0.02
0.19 (0.89)
0.18 (0.69)
0.01
0.21 (2.07)
0.20 (1.91)
0.01
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.49 (0.78)
0.47 (0.74)
0.03
0.35 (0.80)
0.34 (0.78)
0.01
0.53 (0.77)
0.53 (0.75)
0.00
0.48 (0.78)
0.48 (0.76)
0.00
Total N distinct ICD9/ICD10 diagnoses at the 3rd 
digit level Copy
...mean (sd)
9.94 (12.57)
10.03 (12.80)
-0.01
7.61 (11.53)
7.46 (11.79)
0.01
12.03 (13.75)
11.42 (13.25)
0.05
10.79 (13.14)
10.37 (12.88)
0.03
For PS
Hemorrhagic stroke+Other cerebrovascular 
disease+Cerebrovascular procedure (for PS); n (%)
22 (1.4%)
29 (1.8%)
-0.03
23 (0.8%)
29 (1.0%)
-0.02
178 (2.1%)
183 (2.2%)
-0.01
223 (1.7%)
241 (1.9%)
-0.02
Major trauma potentially causing prolonged immobili
189 (12.0%)
189 (12.0%)
#DIV/0!
313 (10.8%)
301 (10.4%)
#DIV/0!
836 (9.8%)
771 (9.1%)
#DIV/0!
313 (10.8%)
301 (10.4%)
0.01
Occurrence of creatinine tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
112 (7.1%)
133 (8.4%)
-0.05
183 (6.3%)
194 (6.7%)
-0.02
898 (10.6%)
898 (10.6%)
0.00
1193 (9.2%)
1225 (9.4%)
-0.01
Occurrence of BUN tests ordered (for PS); n (%)
63 (4.0%)
58 (3.7%)
0.02
109 (3.8%)
115 (4.0%)
-0.01
514 (6.0%)
500 (5.9%)
0.00
686 (5.3%)
673 (5.2%)
0.00
Occurrence of chronic renal insufficiency w/o CKD 
(for PS) v2; n (%)
106 (6.7%)
105 (6.7%)
0.00
96 (3.3%)
97 (3.3%)
0.00
656 (7.7%)
687 (8.1%)
-0.01
858 (6.6%)
889 (6.8%)
-0.01
Chronic kidney disease Stage 1-2 (for PS); n (%)
27 (1.7%)
30 (1.9%)
-0.02
21 (0.7%)
22 (0.8%)
-0.01
153 (1.8%)
155 (1.8%)
0.00
201 (1.5%)
207 (1.6%)
-0.01
Chronic kidney disease Stage 3-6 (for PS); n (%)
117 (7.4%)
132 (8.4%)
-0.04
73 (2.5%)
79 (2.7%)
-0.01
724 (8.5%)
715 (8.4%)
0.00
914 (7.0%)
926 (7.1%)
0.00
Acute kidney injury; n (%)
180 (11.4%)
191 (12.1%)
#DIV/0!
239 (8.2%)
264 (9.1%)
#DIV/0!
1,052 (12.4%)
1,062 (12.5%)
#DIV/0!
239 (8.2%)
264 (9.1%)
-0.03
Bladder stones+Kidney stones (for PS); n (%)
52 (3.3%)
49 (3.1%)
0.01
83 (2.9%)
89 (3.1%)
-0.01
302 (3.5%)
260 (3.1%)
0.02
437 (3.4%)
398 (3.1%)
0.02
Alcohol abuse or dependence+Drug abuse or 
dependence (for PS); n (%)
114 (7.2%)
105 (6.7%)
0.02
132 (4.6%)
129 (4.4%)
0.01
186 (2.2%)
179 (2.1%)
0.01
432 (3.3%)
413 (3.2%)
0.01
Other atherosclerosis+Cardiac conduction 
disorders+Other CVD (for PS) v2 Copy; n (%)
327 (20.8%)
310 (19.7%)
0.03
506 (17.5%)
526 (18.1%)
-0.02
1,794 (21.1%)
1,779 (20.9%)
0.00
2627 (20.2%)
2615 (20.1%)
0.00
Previous cardiac procedure (CABG or PTCA or Stent) + 
History of CABG or PTCA (for PS) v3; n (%)
59 (3.7%)
74 (4.7%)
-0.05
54 (1.9%)
51 (1.8%)
0.01
631 (7.4%)
648 (7.6%)
-0.01
744 (5.7%)
773 (6.0%)
-0.01
Diabetes with complication; n (%)
192 (12.2%)
203 (12.9%)
#DIV/0!
230 (7.9%)
233 (8.0%)
#DIV/0!
1,003 (11.8%)
973 (11.4%)
#DIV/0!
230 (7.9%)
233 (8.0%)
0.00
Delirium + Psychosis (for PS); n (%)
107 (6.8%)
100 (6.3%)
0.02
123 (4.2%)
121 (4.2%)
0.00
729 (8.6%)
682 (8.0%)
0.02
959 (7.4%)
903 (7.0%)
0.02
Any use of Meglitinides (for PS); n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.3%)
-0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
22 (0.3%)
33 (0.4%)
-0.02
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Any use of AGIs (for PS); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
** (0.2%)
-0.06
0 (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
<11 (0.1%)
<11 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
CKD stage 3-6 + dialysis (for PS); n (%)
120 (7.6%)
133 (8.4%)
-0.03
78 (2.7%)
85 (2.9%)
-0.01
730 (8.6%)
721 (8.5%)
0.00
928 (7.1%)
939 (7.2%)
0.00
Use of thiazide; n (%)
149 (9.5%)
147 (9.3%)
0.01
211 (7.3%)
195 (6.7%)
0.02
907 (10.7%)
938 (11.0%)
-0.01
1267 (9.8%)
1280 (9.9%)
0.00
Use of beta blockers; n (%)
366 (23.2%)
379 (24.1%)
-0.02
562 (19.4%)
546 (18.8%)
0.02
2,831 (33.3%)
2,870 (33.7%)
-0.01
3759 (28.9%)
3795 (29.2%)
-0.01
Use of calcium channel blockers; n (%)
297 (18.9%)
313 (19.9%)
-0.03
437 (15.1%)
441 (15.2%)
0.00
2,270 (26.7%)
2,240 (26.3%)
0.01
3004 (23.1%)
2994 (23.1%)
0.00
All antidiabetic medications except Insulin; n (%)
241 (15.3%)
239 (15.2%)
0.00
337 (11.6%)
359 (12.4%)
-0.02
1,433 (16.8%)
1,454 (17.1%)
-0.01
2011 (15.5%)
2052 (15.8%)
-0.01
DM Medications - Insulin Copy; n (%)
96 (6.1%)
96 (6.1%)
0.00
141 (4.9%)
153 (5.3%)
-0.02
380 (4.5%)
421 (4.9%)
-0.02
617 (4.8%)
670 (5.2%)
-0.02
Use of Low Intensity Statins; n (%)
312 (19.8%)
344 (21.8%)
-0.05
391 (13.5%)
430 (14.8%)
-0.04
2,353 (27.6%)
2,373 (27.9%)
-0.01
3056 (23.5%)
3147 (24.2%)
-0.02
Use of High Intensity Statins; n (%)
190 (12.1%)
190 (12.1%)
0.00
284 (9.8%)
271 (9.3%)
0.02
1,202 (14.1%)
1,200 (14.1%)
0.00
1676 (12.9%)
1661 (12.8%)
0.00
Malignant hypertension; n (%)
107 (6.8%)
152 (9.7%)
-0.11
966 (33.3%)
1,037 (35.8%)
-0.05
2,872 (33.7%)
3,118 (36.6%)
-0.06
3945 (30.4%)
4307 (33.2%)
-0.06
Cardiovascular stress test; n (%)
** (0.4%)
** (0.1%)
0.06
** (0.2%)
12 (0.4%)
-0.04
58 (0.7%)
37 (0.4%)
0.04
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Echocardiogram; n (%)
278 (17.7%)
320 (20.3%)
-0.07
544 (18.8%)
574 (19.8%)
-0.03
1,743 (20.5%)
1,815 (21.3%)
-0.02
2565 (19.8%)
2709 (20.9%)
-0.03
Number of BNP tests
...mean (sd)
0.08 (0.35)
0.08 (0.30)
0.00
0.04 (0.21)
0.05 (0.25)
-0.04
0.09 (0.34)
0.09 (0.34)
0.00
0.08 (0.32)
0.08 (0.32)
0.00
Number of Cardiac biomarkers tests (tropnin, CK-MBs, Myoglobin, CPK)
...mean (sd)
0.31 (1.04)
0.37 (1.19)
-0.05
0.24 (0.91)
0.26 (0.93)
-0.02
0.23 (0.59)
0.23 (0.58)
0.00
0.24 (0.74)
0.25 (0.77)
0.00
Number of Ambulatory Blood pressure monitoring tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.05)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.03)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.06)
0.00
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.05)
0.00
N of days on antihypertensive medications during baseline
...mean (sd)
80.03 (79.04)
83.44 (80.30)
-0.04
62.02 (76.84)
61.63 (76.67)
0.01
105.69 (77.60)
106.89 (77.05)
-0.02
92.83 (77.61)
93.94 (77.37)
0.00
N of days in database anytime prior
...mean (sd)
1,668.43 (1,266.59)
1,713.11 (1,303.00)
-0.03
1,982.39 (1,383.61)
2,031.47 (1,419.09)
-0.04
628.51 (384.70)
605.19 (348.57)
0.06
1056.91 (847.86)
1058.00 (857.35)
0.00
Mean Copay for per prescription cost (charges in U.S. $) (180-1 day prior)
...mean (sd)
23.17 (31.74)
23.95 (33.91)
-0.02
14.78 (20.67)
14.89 (66.84)
0.00
108.61 (103.27)
109.54 (113.72)
-0.01
77.30 (84.90)
78.03 (98.05)
0.00
...Missing; n (%)
94 (6.0%)
90 (5.7%)
0.01
210 (7.2%)
221 (7.6%)
-0.02
286 (3.4%)
297 (3.5%)
-0.01
590 (4.5%)
608 (4.7%)
-0.01
Colonoscopy; n (%)
61 (3.9%)
61 (3.9%)
0.00
127 (4.4%)
121 (4.2%)
0.01
353 (4.1%)
333 (3.9%)
0.01
541 (4.2%)
515 (4.0%)
0.01
Fecal occult blood (FOB) test; n (%)
52 (3.3%)
54 (3.4%)
-0.01
76 (2.6%)
76 (2.6%)
0.00
244 (2.9%)
224 (2.6%)
0.02
372 (2.9%)
354 (2.7%)
0.01
Flu vaccine; n (%)
253 (16.1%)
238 (15.1%)
0.03
270 (9.3%)
279 (9.6%)
-0.01
2,434 (28.6%)
2,417 (28.4%)
0.00
2957 (22.8%)
2934 (22.6%)
0.00
Mammogram; n (%)
154 (9.8%)
155 (9.8%)
0.00
262 (9.0%)
253 (8.7%)
0.01
898 (10.6%)
887 (10.4%)
0.01
1314 (10.1%)
1295 (10.0%)
0.00
Pap smear; n (%)
62 (3.9%)
51 (3.2%)
0.04
199 (6.9%)
195 (6.7%)
0.01
215 (2.5%)
206 (2.4%)
0.01
476 (3.7%)
452 (3.5%)
0.01
Pneumonia vaccine; n (%)
213 (13.5%)
220 (14.0%)
-0.01
173 (6.0%)
164 (5.7%)
0.01
1,654 (19.4%)
1,602 (18.8%)
0.02
2040 (15.7%)
1986 (15.3%)
0.01
Appendix B

PSA test or Prostate exam for DRE; n (%)
157 (10.0%)
154 (9.8%)
0.01
234 (8.1%)
237 (8.2%)
0.00
886 (10.4%)
872 (10.2%)
0.01
1277 (9.8%)
1263 (9.7%)
0.00
Bone mineral density; n (%)
67 (4.3%)
60 (3.8%)
0.03
51 (1.8%)
49 (1.7%)
0.01
382 (4.5%)
381 (4.5%)
0.00
500 (3.9%)
490 (3.8%)
0.01
Use of CNS stimulants; n (%)
15 (1.0%)
** (0.6%)
0.04
47 (1.6%)
59 (2.0%)
-0.03
35 (0.4%)
34 (0.4%)
0.00
97 (0.7%)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of estrogens, progestins, androgens; n (%)
86 (5.5%)
78 (5.0%)
0.02
355 (12.2%)
323 (11.1%)
0.03
311 (3.7%)
299 (3.5%)
0.01
752 (5.8%)
700 (5.4%)
0.02
Use of Angiogenesis inhibitors; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
** (0.1%)
-0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.2%)
-0.03
10 (0.1%)
8 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Oral Immunosuppressants; n (%)
** (0.6%)
** (0.3%)
0.04
27 (0.9%)
13 (0.4%)
0.06
6 (0.1%)
12 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of fondaparinux or Bivalirudin; n (%)
** (0.5%)
** (0.4%)
0.01
20 (0.7%)
16 (0.6%)
0.01
19 (0.2%)
24 (0.3%)
-0.02
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of other direct thrombin inhibitors (lepirudin, des
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Use of Ticagrelor ON CED; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
1 (0.0%)
1 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Ticagrelor; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
14 (0.2%)
12 (0.1%)
0.03
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Number of D-dimer tests
...mean (sd)
0.08 (0.29)
0.07 (0.31)
0.03
0.07 (0.29)
0.06 (0.29)
0.03
0.08 (0.30)
0.09 (0.30)
-0.03
0.08 (0.30)
0.08 (0.30)
0.00
Numbe of CRP, high-sensitivity CRP tests
...mean (sd)
0.17 (0.67)
0.16 (0.70)
0.01
0.14 (0.61)
0.14 (0.58)
0.00
0.16 (0.86)
0.16 (0.69)
0.00
0.16 (0.79)
0.16 (0.67)
0.00
Number of PT or aPTTt tests
...mean (sd)
1.03 (2.00)
1.02 (1.76)
0.01
0.71 (1.58)
0.72 (1.57)
-0.01
0.56 (0.92)
0.55 (1.01)
0.01
0.65 (1.26)
0.64 (1.26)
0.00
Number of Bleeding time tests
...mean (sd)
0.00 (0.00)
0.00 (0.00)
#DIV/0!
0.00 (0.03)
0.00 (0.03)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
0.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.02)
0.00
HAS-BLED Score (ICD-9 and ICD-10), 180 days
...mean (sd)
2.89 (1.02)
2.93 (1.07)
-0.04
2.37 (1.00)
2.37 (0.99)
0.00
3.49 (0.82)
3.48 (0.81)
0.01
3.17 (0.89)
3.17 (0.89)
0.00
N of Generic name drugs
...mean (sd)
18.54 (17.31)
18.70 (19.99)
-0.01
13.69 (11.34)
13.71 (12.94)
0.00
18.66 (14.45)
18.74 (16.05)
-0.01
17.54 (14.21)
17.61 (15.96)
0.00
N of Brand name drugs
...mean (sd)
3.61 (6.03)
3.61 (4.03)
0.00
3.54 (5.26)
3.63 (3.55)
-0.02
3.99 (6.55)
3.97 (4.25)
0.00
3.84 (6.22)
3.85 (4.08)
0.00
Use of clopidogrel ; n (%)
60 (3.8%)
63 (4.0%)
-0.01
91 (3.1%)
100 (3.4%)
-0.02
539 (6.3%)
543 (6.4%)
0.00
690 (5.3%)
706 (5.4%)
0.00
Systemic embolism; n (%)
62 (3.9%)
53 (3.4%)
0.03
145 (5.0%)
156 (5.4%)
-0.02
216 (2.5%)
210 (2.5%)
0.00
423 (3.3%)
419 (3.2%)
0.01
DVT; n (%)
1,575 (100.0%)
1,575 (100.0%)
#DIV/0!
2,897 (99.9%)
2,898 (100.0%)
-0.04
8,504 (99.9%)
8,503 (99.9%)
0.00
12976 (99.9%)
12976 (99.9%)
0.00
Post-thrombotic syndrome; n (%)
** (0.3%)
** (0.3%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
#DIV/0!
23 (0.3%)
20 (0.2%)
#DIV/0!
** (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
PE; n (%)
163 (10.3%)
158 (10.0%)
0.01
141 (4.9%)
132 (4.6%)
0.01
599 (7.0%)
612 (7.2%)
-0.01
903 (7.0%)
902 (6.9%)
0.00
Coagulation defects; n (%)
43 (2.7%)
46 (2.9%)
#DIV/0!
110 (3.8%)
110 (3.8%)
#DIV/0!
159 (1.9%)
141 (1.7%)
#DIV/0!
110 (3.8%)
110 (3.8%)
0.00
Diabetes: 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims within 18
391 (24.8%)
393 (25.0%)
0.00
516 (17.8%)
543 (18.7%)
-0.02
2,342 (27.5%)
2,351 (27.6%)
0.00
3249 (25.0%)
3287 (25.3%)
-0.01
Intracranial or retroperitoneal hemorrhage: 1 inpatien
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
12 (0.1%)
10 (0.1%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Peptic Ulcer Disease; n (%)
399 (25.3%)
407 (25.8%)
-0.01
574 (19.8%)
571 (19.7%)
0.00
2,559 (30.1%)
2,560 (30.1%)
0.00
3532 (27.2%)
3538 (27.2%)
0.00
Major Surgery ; n (%)
154 (9.8%)
147 (9.3%)
#DIV/0!
262 (9.0%)
261 (9.0%)
#DIV/0!
854 (10.0%)
835 (9.8%)
#DIV/0!
262 (9.0%)
261 (9.0%)
0.00
Upper GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Lower/ unspecified GI bleed; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Urogenital bleed; n (%)
** (0.3%)
** (0.3%)
0.00
27 (0.9%)
30 (1.0%)
-0.01
1 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other bleeds; n (%)
106 (6.7%)
110 (7.0%)
-0.01
170 (5.9%)
170 (5.9%)
0.00
512 (6.0%)
490 (5.8%)
0.01
788 (6.1%)
770 (5.9%)
0.01
Prior cancer; n (%)
237 (15.0%)
228 (14.5%)
0.01
351 (12.1%)
331 (11.4%)
0.02
1,577 (18.5%)
1,523 (17.9%)
0.02
2165 (16.7%)
2082 (16.0%)
0.02
Antibiotics; n (%)
751 (47.7%)
774 (49.1%)
#DIV/0!
1,526 (52.6%)
1,514 (52.2%)
#DIV/0!
4,722 (55.5%)
4,673 (54.9%)
#DIV/0!
1,526 (52.6%)
1,514 (52.2%)
0.01
Aspirin; n (%)
** (0.6%)
** (0.6%)
0.00
51 (1.8%)
48 (1.7%)
0.01
37 (0.4%)
42 (0.5%)
-0.01
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Aspirin/dipyridamole; n (%)
** (0.2%)
** (0.2%)
0.00
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
26 (0.3%)
30 (0.4%)
-0.02
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Other antiplatelet agents; n (%)
** (0.3%)
** (0.3%)
0.00
** (0.1%)
** (0.3%)
-0.04
53 (0.6%)
50 (0.6%)
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
PGP inhibitors; n (%)
280 (17.8%)
281 (17.8%)
0.00
546 (18.8%)
548 (18.9%)
0.00
1,954 (23.0%)
1,957 (23.0%)
0.00
2780 (21.4%)
2786 (21.5%)
0.00
Other gastroprotective agents; n (%)
24 (1.5%)
26 (1.7%)
-0.02
56 (1.9%)
49 (1.7%)
0.02
141 (1.7%)
143 (1.7%)
0.00
221 (1.7%)
218 (1.7%)
0.00
Number of lipid tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.49 (0.78)
0.47 (0.74)
0.03
0.35 (0.80)
0.34 (0.78)
0.01
0.55 (0.84)
0.56 (0.83)
-0.01
0.50 (0.82)
0.50 (0.81)
0.00
Proton pump inhibitor; n (%)
380 (24.1%)
379 (24.1%)
0.00
618 (21.3%)
633 (21.8%)
-0.01
2,625 (30.8%)
2,667 (31.3%)
-0.01
3623 (27.9%)
3679 (28.3%)
-0.01
H2 receptor antagonist; n (%)
73 (4.6%)
66 (4.2%)
0.02
117 (4.0%)
119 (4.1%)
-0.01
578 (6.8%)
546 (6.4%)
0.02
768 (5.9%)
731 (5.6%)
0.01
Vitamin K therapy; n (%)
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
2 (0.0%)
1 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Number of INR (prothrombin) tests ordered
...mean (sd)
0.73 (1.55)
0.58 (1.00)
0.12
0.52 (1.11)
0.47 (1.03)
0.05
0.53 (0.86)
0.50 (0.85)
0.04
0.55 (1.03)
0.50 (0.91)
0.00
Treating prescriber - Cardiologist; n (%)
508 (32.3%)
509 (32.3%)
0.00
1,002 (34.6%)
994 (34.3%)
0.01
3,097 (36.4%)
3,041 (35.7%)
0.01
4607 (35.5%)
4544 (35.0%)
0.01
Treating prescriber - Primary Care Physician; n (%)
1,368 (86.9%)
1,399 (88.8%)
-0.06
1,243 (42.9%)
1,247 (43.0%)
0.00
3,431 (40.3%)
3,422 (40.2%)
0.00
6042 (46.5%)
6068 (46.7%)
0.00
Treating prescriber - Other; n (%)
1,574 (99.9%)
1,574 (99.9%)
0.00
2,754 (95.0%)
2,761 (95.2%)
-0.01
8,475 (99.6%)
8,483 (99.7%)
-0.02
12803 (98.6%)
12818 (98.7%)
-0.01
Alpha blockers; n (%)
121 (7.7%)
124 (7.9%)
-0.01
162 (5.6%)
159 (5.5%)
0.00
868 (10.2%)
862 (10.1%)
0.00
1151 (8.9%)
1145 (8.8%)
0.00
CHA2DS2 VASc score, 180 days, V
...mean (sd)
3.13 (1.81)
3.22 (1.79)
-0.05
2.90 (1.70)
2.98 (1.68)
-0.05
4.08 (1.83)
4.17 (1.82)
-0.05
3.70 (1.80)
3.79 (1.79)
0.00
Use of Prasugrel; n (%)
** (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0.04
** (0.1%)
** (0.1%)
0.00
1 (0.0%)
1 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Use of Loop Diuretics+other diuretics+other hypertens
237 (15.0%)
247 (15.7%)
-0.02
351 (12.1%)
349 (12.0%)
0.00
1,864 (21.9%)
1,901 (22.3%)
-0.01
2452 (18.9%)
2497 (19.2%)
-0.01
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type Code - CORRECT ONE - OPTUM
0
0
...Commercial; n (%)
495 (31.4%)
471 (29.9%)
0.03
688 (23.7%)
708 (24.4%)
-0.02
-
-
#VALUE!
1,183 (26.4%)
1,179 (26.4%)
0.00
...Medicare Advantage; n (%)
1,080 (68.6%)
1104 (70.1%)
-0.03
2211 (76.3%)
2191 (75.6%)
0.02
-
-
#VALUE!
3,291 (73.6%)
3,295 (73.6%)
0.00
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Business Type Code
...COM = COMMERCIAL; n (%)
495 (31.4%)
471 (29.9%)
0.03
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
#VALUE!
495 (31.4%)
471 (29.9%)
0.03
...MCR = MEDICARE; n (%)
1,080 (68.6%)
1,104 (70.1%)
-0.03
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
#VALUE!
1,080 (68.6%)
1,104 (70.1%)
-0.03
...MCD = MEDICAID; n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...NONE = NO BUSINESS LINE CODE (added in 2015); n (
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
...UNK = UNKNOWN (added in 2015); n (%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
-
-
#VALUE!
-
-
#VALUE!
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
#DIV/0!
Commercial vs Medicare Advantage- Data Type
-
-
0
0
-
-
Appendix B

...1 - Fee For Service; n (%)
-
-
1,985 (68.5%)
1,967 (67.9%)
-
-
1,985 (68.5%)
1,967 (67.9%)
0.00
...2 - Encounter; n (%)
-
-
226 (7.8%)
224 (7.7%)
-
-
226 (7.8%)
224 (7.7%)
0.00
...3 - Medicare; n (%)
-
-
625 (21.6%)
643 (22.2%)
-
-
625 (21.6%)
643 (22.2%)
0.00
...4 - Medicare Encounter; n (%)
-
-
63 (2.2%)
65 (2.2%)
-
-
63 (2.2%)
65 (2.2%)
0.00
Metropolitan Statistical Area - Urban (any MSA) vs Rural (non-MSA)
0
0
0.00
...Urban; n (%)
-
-
2,156 (74.4%)
2,161 (74.5%)
-
-
2,156 (74.4%)
2,161 (74.5%)
...Rural; n (%)
-
-
100 (3.4%)
95 (3.3%)
-
-
100 (3.4%)
95 (3.3%)
...Unknown/Missing; n (%)
-
-
643 (22.2%)
643 (22.2%)
-
-
643 (22.2%)
643 (22.2%)
Appendix B