An Open Label Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of KRN23, an Investigational Antibody to FGF23, in a Single Pediatric Patient With Epidermal Nevus Syndrome (ENS) and Associated Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Epidermal Nevus Syndrome
Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham

Page 1 of 21 
 
 
 
 
 
Study Title: 
An Open Label Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of KRN23, 
an Investigational Antibody to FGF23, in a Single Pediatric 
Patient with Epidermal Nevus Syndrome (ENS) and Associated 
Hypophosphatemic Rickets 
 
Protocol Number: 
 
 
Investigational Product: 
KRN23 
 
Indication: 
Epidermal Nevus Syndrome with Associated  
Hypophosphatemic Rickets 
IND Number: 
 
 
Sponsor: 
University of Alabama at Birmingham 
 
 
 
Principal Investigator: 
Hussein Abdullatif, MD 
 
Sub-Investigator: 
Bhuvana Sunil, M.D 
 
 
  Protocol Version Date: 
Version - 1  December, 5th 
2018 
 
 
 
 Study Site: 
University of Alabama at 
Birmingham Department of 
Pediatric Endocrinology 

Page 2 of 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 
 
1.0 STUDY OBJECTIVES 
1.1 Primary Objectives 
1.2 
1.3 
Secondary Objectives 
Exploratory Objectives 
2.0 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE 
2.1 Disease Background 
2.2 Supporting Previous Studies 
2.3 Protocol Rationale 
3.0 STUDY DESIGN 
3.1 Study Population 
3.2 Number of Subjects Planned 
3.3 Study Timeline 
4.0 SELECTION AND ENROLLMENT OF SUBJECT 
4.1 Inclusion Criteria 
4.2 Exclusion Criteria 
4.3 Consent Procedures 
5.0 METHODS 
5.1 Recruitment of Subject 
5.2 Sources of Research Material 
5.3 Duration of Treatment 
5.4 Study Procedures 
6.0 OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS 
6.1 Pharmacodynamic 
6.2 Radiographic 
6.3 Functional 
6.4 Patient Reported Outcome(PRO) 
7.0 CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION 
7.1 
Safety 
7.2 
Efficacy 

Page 3 of 21 
 
 
 
 
 
8.0 CRITERIA FOR REMOVAL FROM PROTOCOL THERAPY AND OFF STUDY CRITERIA 
9.0 POTENTIAL RISKS & BENEFITS 
10.0 DATA COLLECTION AND ADVERSE EXPERIENCE REPORTING 
10.1 Clinical Data Collection 
10.2 Data Management 
10.3 Data Storage 
10.4 Quality Assurance 
10.5 Adverse Event Reporting 
11.0 STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
11.1 Safety Analysis 
11.2 Efficacy Analysis 
12.0 HUMAN SUBJECTIONS 
12.1 Institutional Review Board (IRB) Review and Informed Consent 
12.2 Study Modifications/Discontinuation 

Page 4 of 21 
 
 
 
 
1.0 STUDY OBJECTIVES 
 
1.1 Primary Objective 
 
The effect of KRN23 treatment on normalizing age-adjusted fasting serum phosphorous levels in 
a single pediatric patient with Epidermal Nevus Syndrome associated hypophosphatemic rickets 
 
1.2 Secondary Objectives 
1. The PD profile of KRN23 as assessed by changes from baseline over time 
1,25(OH)2D, iPTH, Serum Calcium, TRP and TmP/GFR (the ratio of renal tubular 
maximum phosphate reabsorption rate to glomerular filtration rate) 
2. Changes in underlying skeletal disease/rickets as assessed by standard 
radiographs utilizing the Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) 
rating scales 
3. Effects of KRN23 on biochemical markers of bone turnover that reflect rickets 
severity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 
4. Walk test to be done if safe. 
 
 
1.3 Exploratory Objective 
1. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 
 
1.4 Safety Objective 
Assess the safety of KRN23 administration in a single patient with ENS-associated 
hypophosphatemic rickets, based on adverse events (AEs), laboratory assessments, cardiac 
imaging and renal ultrasound. 
 
2.0 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 
2.1 Disease Background 
Epidermal nevus syndrome (CSHS formerly known as ENS) is a rare congenital syndrome 
characterized by the presence of epidermal nevi in 
association with one or more other developmental abnormalities of other organ systems 
including the nervous, 
skeletal, cardiovascular, and ocular systems. The epidermal nevi are non-neoplastic 
overgrowth of various components of skin cells (e.g., sebaceous cells- linear sebaceous nevus), 
which are usually distributed linearly along the lines of Blaschko, corresponding to the 
movement of skin cells during embryogenesis. While 
these epidermal nevi may be limited to the skin, the additional systemic abnormalities almost 
exclusively occur in 
the setting of extensive skin surface area involvement (10%-60% of the body surface area) 
consistent with early embryonic somatic mutation in multipotent progenitor cells. Specific 
genetic defects and timing of mutation during fetal development influence the varied 
phenotypes of ENS (Lim et al. 2014). 
Hypophosphatemia may rarely be one of the skeletal manifestations of ENS presenting in 
children primarily as rickets and in adults as osteomalacia. In all ENS-associated osteomalacia 
Commented [JM1]: 6MWT and PROs are included in the table 
of assessments. Since the patient is wheelchair dependent for all 
mobility, the 6MWT would not be safe. It may be that the patient 
can safely walk but requires a wheelchair for longer distances. We 
suggest the walk test should be listed under secondary endpoints if 
safe. Alternatively, the TUG test may be more appropriate. We 
suggest to include the PROs as secondary or exploratory objectives. 

Page 5 of 21 
 
 
cases in which serum FGF23 levels were assessed, they were found to be elevated. The source 
of the excess FGF23 in ENS-associated osteomalacia is unclear. While early studies suggested it 
may be from the skin lesions themselves, more recent studies suggest it may be skeletally 
derived. Compared with TIO, complete resection and surgical cure leading to removal of the 
source of excess FGF23 is less likely. Nonetheless, published case reports of ENS-associated 
osteomalacia indicate improvement with skin debridement surgery in some cases. In many 
cases, improvement, if any, is modest and transient. In ENS-associated osteomalacia when 
surgery is not curative or feasible, medical treatment comprises oral phosphate and/or vitamin 
D replacement. Efficacy of these treatments is often limited; it does not treat the underlying 
disease; and its benefits must be balanced with monitoring for potential risks such as 
nephrocalcinosis, hypercalciuria, and hyperparathyroidism. 
There are no approved therapies for the treatment of ENS associated hypophosphatemic rickets. 
The current standard therapy involves oral replacement of phosphate and supplementation with 
vitamin D metabolites (e.g., 

Page 6 of 21 
 
 
calcitriol), which can improve some aspects of the bone disease, but is often associated with 
poor compliance. Oral phosphate therapy provides limited benefit by increasing the intake of 
phosphate into the body, but does not treat the underlying cause (Costa et al. 1981), 
(Carpenter 2012). The treatment regimen requires balancing the benefits of treatment with 
complicated monitoring and potential risks such as nephrocalcinosis, hypercalciuria, and 
hyperparathyroidism (Carpenter et al. 2011), (Ruppe 2012). Treatment with oral phosphate 
may also enhance FGF23 production and cause worsening symptoms of enthesopathy and 
other problems (Carpenter 2012),  (Karaplis et al.2012). High FGF23 levels may also cause 
direct effects on bone and cartilage which are not treated by oral phosphate (Kawai et al. 
2013). By targeting inappropriately elevated FGF23 levels, the reabsorption of phosphate could 
potentially be improved by normal pathways, reducing urinary phosphate loss and naturally 
increasing 1,25(OH)2D production in a feedback-regulated manner, offering a potentially more 
effective and safe treatment option for this pediatric ENS patient. 
 
2.2 Supporting Previous Studies 
 
Burosumab (previously referred to as KRN23) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) 
designed to bind, and thereby inhibit the excess biological activity of fibroblast growth factor 
23 (FGF23). Burosumab is being investigated for the treatment of X-linked 
hypophosphatemia (XLH), and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) (also known as oncogenic 
osteomalacia), and the osteomalacia resulting from epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS). These 
conditions are diseases of bone hypomineralization caused by urinary phosphate wasting due 
to elevated levels of FGF23.   
 
Burosumab (Crysvita®) was approved by the United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) 
on 17 April 2018 for the treatment of XLH in adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and 
older. The European Commission granted conditional marketing authorization for burosumab 
on 19 February 2018 for the treatment of XLH with radiographic evidence of bone disease in 
children 1 year of age and older and adolescents with growing skeletons. Conventional 
therapy for XLH, TIO, or ENS-associated osteomalacia involves oral replacement of phosphate 
and supplementation with active vitamin D metabolites (eg, calcitriol), but does not treat the 
underlying pathophysiology of these conditions.  
 
Conventional therapy can improve some aspects of the bone disease, but is often associated 
with poor compliance and potential risks such as nephrocalcinosis, hypercalciuria, and 
hyperparathyroidism (Carpenter et al. 2011), (Ruppe 2012). Treatment with oral phosphate 
may also enhance FGF23 production and cause worsening symptoms of enthesopathy and 
other problems, including direct effects on bone and cartilage which are not treated by oral 
phosphate (Kawai et al. 2013), (Karaplis et al. 2012).   
 
By inhibiting FGF23, burosumab restores renal phosphate reabsorption, and increases the 
production of 1,25(OH)2D in a feedback-regulated manner, which enhances intestinal 
absorption of phosphate. The resulting improved serum phosphorus levels improve bone 
mineralization, and reduce the bone and non-bone manifestations associated with 
hypophosphatemia in XLH patients; similar effects are expected to be seen in patients with 
Commented [VW2]: Per Monica Yost (UGNX Safety): 
 
Section is significantly lagging behind to reflect the current 
development program and approve. We suggest to reference our 
current version (13) of the Investigator Brochure. 

Page 7 of 21 
 
 
TIO/ENS-associated osteomalacia.  
 
As of the last data cutoff date among the clinical studies presented in this Investigator’s 
Brochure (13 April 2018), 4 early phase clinical studies of burosumab in adults with XLH have 
been completed, 5 Phase 2/Phase 3 clinical studies are ongoing in pediatric subjects with 
XLH, and 4 Phase 2/Phase 3 clinical studies are ongoing in adult subjects with XLH. Two Phase 
2 studies are ongoing in adult subjects with TIO/ENS-induced osteomalacia (Table 2).   
 
Results from clinical studies to date, in both children and adults, demonstrate that 
burosumab improves phosphate homeostasis by restoring tubular reabsorption of phosphate 
(as indicated by increased serum phosphorus levels and increased TmP/GFR) and increasing 
serum 1,25(OH)2D. In children, burosumab treatment substantially improved rickets, growth, 
physical function, and pain. In adults, burosumab treatment resulted in an improvement in 
skeletal health, including osteomalacia, and improved healing of fractures and 
pseudofractures, and physical function, and reduced subject-reported stiffness and pain.   
 
2.3 Protocol Rationale 
 
KRN23 is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to 
and inhibits the activity of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), leading to an increase in serum 
phosphorus levels. There are multiple disorders (each with a unique underlying cause) that 
result in unusually high circulating levels of FGF23, which in turn result in renal phosphate 
wasting and reduced (or aberrantly normal in relationship to elevated FGF23) levels of 1,25-
dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D). Across these disorders the clinical symptoms are similar and 
often include osteomalacia (and, in children, rickets), muscle weakness, fatigue, bone pain, 
and fractures. KRN23 has been studied in one of these disorders, X-linked hypophosphatemia 
(XLH). In single- and repeat-dose clinical studies in subjects with XLH, subcutaneous (SC) 
administration of KRN23 consistently increased and sustained serum phosphorus levels and 
tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) without a major impact on urine

Page 8 of 21 
 
 
calcium levels or vitamin D metabolism. Positive results were also observed in a nonclinical 
pharmacology model of XLH. It is hypothesized that KRN23 may provide clinical benefit in this 
patient due to the common underlying feature in this patient and in patients with XLH – 
abnormally elevated FGF23 in the context of low age –adjusted serum phosphorous levels. 
  
 
3.0 STUDY DESIGN 
 
Open-label, 52-week study designed to assess the efficacy, safety and pharmacodynamics (PD) 
of KRN23 in a single subject with ENS-associated hypophosphatemic rickets. 
 
3.1 Number of Subjects Planned 
 
Study will enroll a single 13 year old male pediatric ENS patient with associated 
hypophosphatemic rickets. 
 
3.2. Study Timeline 
 
Patient will be seen at Screening visit, Baseline visit and every 2wks from that point forward 
until the end of the 52 week period. (See Table 1 for list of tasks per visit). Subjects who 
complete treatment through Week 52 may have the option to continue KRN23 treatment. If 
this is warranted based on preliminary efficacy, the current protocol will be amended to allow 
for an extension. 
 
4.0 Selection and Enrollment of the Subject 
 
4.1 Inclusion Criteria 
1. Patient has confirmed ENS by physician diagnosis 
2. Patient has confirmed FGF23 elevations in the context of low serum phosphorous < 4.1 
mg/dL 
3. Patient able to tolerate KRN23 treatment 
4. Have a corrected serum calcium level < 10.8mg/dL 
5. Have an eGFR >60 ml/min 
6. Must be willing in the opinion of the investigator, to comply with study procedures and 
schedule 
7. Provide written informed consent by a parent after the study has been explained and 
prior to any 
research related procedures begin 
 
4.2 Exclusion Criteria 
1. Patient should not use CRYSVITA with Oral phosphate or active Vitamin D 
analogs. 
2. Patient and investigator should not initiate CRYSVITA if Phosphorus level is 
within or above normal. 
3. CRYSVITA is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or end 
stage renal disease because these conditions are associated with abnormal 
mineral metabolism. 
4. The use or enrollment in studies using other investigational therapies including 
Commented [VW3]: Per Monica Yost (UGNX Safety): 
 
Suggest to include the contraindications in the Product Insert (PI). 
Language in the PI: 
“Do not use CRYSVITA with oral phosphate and active vitamin D 
analogs. 
 
Do not initiate CRYSVITA treatment if serum phosphorus is within 
or above the normal range for age. 
 
CRYSVITA is contraindicated in patients with severe renal 
impairment or end stage renal disease because these conditions are 
associated with abnormal mineral metabolism.” 

Page 9 of 21 
 
 
other monoclonal antibodies 
5. 
Subject and their Parent not willing or not able to give written informed consent 
6. In the Investigators opinion, the subject may not be able to meet all the 
requirements for study participation 
7. Subject has a history of hypersensitivity to KRN23 excipients that in the opinion of 
the investigator, places the subject at an increased risk of adverse effects 
8. Subject has a condition that in the opinion of the investigator could present a concern 
for subject safety or data interpretation. 
 
4.3 Consent Procedure 
 
Informed consent/assent will be obtained following an informed consent /assent conference 
wherein the  principal investigator/sub PI or their IRB-approved designee will discuss with the 
subject and parent the purpose of the study, procedures to be followed, the duration of 
participation, alternate modes of treatment, and the risks and benefits of participation, as 
described in the consent form. 

Page 10 of 
 
 
Signed consent / assent forms will be obtained from the subject and parent. The signed 
original consent / assent documents will become a part of the permanent medical record and 
copies will be provided to the subject and their parent. 
 
 
This study will be conducted in compliance with all United States Federal and local 
laws, regulations, and guidelines for the conduct of research in a vulnerable population. 
 
5.0 Methods 
 
5.1 Recruitment of Subject 
 
Patient is previously known to, and is under the routine care of, the Sponsored Investigator 
 
5.2 Source of Research Material 
 
KRN23 is a fully human IgG1monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the activity of 
FGF23, leading to an increase in serum phosphorus levels. Ultragenyx is developing KRN23 as a 
potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of XLH, Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia (TIO), 
and the rickets/osteomalacia resulting from Epidermal Nevus Syndrome (ENS). All of these 
conditions are diseases of bone hypomineralization, caused by urinary phosphate wasting due 
to elevated levels of FGF23. 
 
5.2.1 Mechanism of Action 
 
Through direct binding, KRN23 neutralizes the functions of FGF23, thereby preventing signal 
transduction from the FGF23/α-Klotho/FGFR complex. By blocking FGF23 actions, KRN23 
restores normal phosphate reabsorption in the proximal kidney tubules and increases the 
production of 1,25(OH)2D that enhances intestinal absorption of phosphate (Razzaque etal. 
2007); (Fukumoto 2008); (Yamazaki et al. 2008). KRN23 increases phosphate reabsorption in the 
kidney and increases serum phosphorus levels. The consequent improved serum phosphorus 
levels are expected to improve bone mineralization, heal rickets & osteomalacia, and reduce 
the diverse bone and non-bone manifestations associated with hypophosphatemia. 
Nonclinical studies demonstrated KRN23 possesses high binding affinity to the N-terminal 
domain of FGF23. KRN23 binds to FGF23 from humans, monkeys and rabbits, but not to other 
species tested. KRN23 increases phosphate reabsorption in the kidney and increases serum 
phosphorus levels. KRN23 also increases serum 1,25(OH)2D levels. 
 
5.2.2 Dose and Mode of Administration 
 
KRN23 is supplied as a sterile, clear, colorless and preservative-free solution in single-use 5 
mL vials containing 1 mL of KRN23 at a concentration of 30 mg/mL. KRN23 should be securely 
stored at 2°C to 8°C and protected from light. It should not be shaken or frozen. KRN23 is 
intended for administration by the subcutaneous (SC) route. 
 
The chosen starting dose of KRN23 will be 0.3 mg/kg given SQ Q2W. Alternating sites of 
administration (abdomen, upper arm, thigh) may be utilized to minimize potential injection site 
Commented [LW4]: Need to be consistent with below starting 
dose in Sec. 5.2.3. 

Page 11 of 
 
 
reactions. Subsequent KRN23 titrations to achieve normal, age adjusted serum phosphorous 
levels will be allowed (see “Titration of KRN23”). Data from an ongoing pediatric Phase 2 study 
helped establish the dose regimen and provided information for the design of this trial for a 
single pediatric ENS patient. Interim data suggested KRN23, administered Q2W at 
approximately 0.8 mg/kg for 40 weeks, increased serum phosphorus by an average of 0.7 
mg/dL; increases of > 0.5 mg/dL were seen in 83.3% of subjects. Serum 1,25(OH)2D 
concentrations and TmP/GFR levels also increased, demonstrating overall improved 
phosphorus homeostasis. The increases in serum phosphorus and 1,25(OH)2D were sufficient 
to provide substantial healing of rickets. No previous subjects have experienced serum 
phosphorus levels above the upper limit of normal. Additionally, the Q2W dosing regimen was 
chosen because it appeared to produce a more stable and consistent increase in serum 
phosphorus levels with less fluctuation over time than a Q4W dosing regimen 

Page 12 of 
 
 
which was also previously evaluated. The Q2W regimen had a safety profile that was not 
substantially different from the Q4W dosing regimen in the pediatric population. 
 
5.2.3 Titration of KRN23 
The starting dose will be 0.3 mg/kg to be given every 2 weeks. 
 
If required dose may be titrated with increments of 0.1 mg/kg/dose every 4 weeks up to a 
maximum of dose of 2.0mg/kg (not to exceed 90mg per dose) until phosphorus level is WNL. 
 
Serum phosphorous level will be obtained within 48 hours prior to each regularly scheduled 
office visit following Baseline visit. 
 
Any visit at which the serum phosphorous level is shown to be below LLN the dose 
given at that visit will be up titrated to the next level as long as 4 weeks have passed 
since the last dose adjustments. Dose will be titrated upwards by increments of 0.2 
mg/ kg/dose. 
 
 
Any visit at which the serum phosphorus level is shown to be in WNL dose given at 
that visit will remain the same as the previous dose. 
 
 
Any visit at which serum phosphorus level is shown to be above ULN that visit’s dose will 
be withheld. 
 
 The visit following a visit with no dose given: 
 
 If the serum phosphorus level continues to be above ULN no dose will be given 
at that visit and subject will have serum phosphorus re-checked weekly until it 
decreases to the normal range.    
 
 
Once serum phosphorus is shown to be WLN or below LLN range, restart 
dosing at ½ the previous dose prior to the serum phosphorus exceeding the 
normal range, per the Investigator’s discretion. 
 
 
The restarting dose will be repeated at the next visit (2 weeks later per protocol 
visit schedule), as long as the serum phosphorus remains WLN. If the serum 
Phosphorus falls below the LLN at the next visit, the Investigator may titrate 
the dose upward by 0.1 mg/kg. 
 
 
Dose titration may occur in increments of 0.1 mg/kg not sooner than 4 weeks 
from the previous dose adjustment. 
 
 
If the serum phosphorus becomes close to the ULN or LLN during the study and 
the Investigator feels that based on the change trends that the serum 
phosphorus will be out of range at the next follow up appointment, the dose 
may be titrated at the discretion of the Investigator. 
 
Commented [SK5]: Is dose being started at 0.2mg/kg due to 
safety concern? Are you aware of the 0.3mg/kg results? 

Page 13 of 
 
 
 
 
Patient will receive study drug via SC injection to the abdomen, upper arms, thighs, or 
buttocks; the injection site will be rotated with each injection. If the dose level exceeds 1.5 mL 
in volume, the dose should be administered at two injection sites. 
 
5.3 Duration of Treatment 
 
Duration of treatment is 52 weeks. Subjects that complete treatment through week 52 may 
have the option to continue KRN23 treatment. If this is warranted based on preliminary 
efficacy, the current protocol will be amended to allow for an extension. 

Page 10 of 21 
 
 
5.4 Study Procedure 
 
Two weeks prior to Baseline visit (B), patient and parent will attend a screening visit to discuss 
and sign informed consent / assent. Once Informed consent / assent is obtained subject will 
be instructed to discontinue oral phosphate and active Vitamin D treatment in preparation for 
first dose of study drug at baseline visit. 
Baseline Assessments (B) will entail Physical Exam, Radiographs, labs, DXA scan, Renal 
Ultrasound, ECHO, ECG, Functional & Quality of Life assessments and first dose of KRN23. These 
events may occur over the course of several visits pending scheduling and patient’s ability to 
complete. Administration of the first dose of KRN23 will be given as the final part of the baseline 
visit and will initiate the timing for the next visit. 
There will be a total of 28 visits to the clinic. A screening visit not less than two weeks prior to Baseline 
visit, and, every 2 weeks thereafter over the 52-week study period. 
Commented [VW6]: If DXA is listed as an exploratory objective, 
please list DXA assessment here for consistency. 
 
We suggest including DXA as there was significant improvement in 
DXA seen in our ENS clinical trial patient 

 
Page 11 of 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FGF23 levels   1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 11 of 21 
 

 
Page 11 of 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Study Visit (wk)              
S= screening visit            
B= Baseline Visit
S
B
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
(Appointment Window)                                                                                             All Appointments from week 2 - week 52 are =/-3 days                                                
Informed Consent/Assent 
X
Physicial Exam 
X
X
X
X
X
Vital Signs & Weight
X
X
X
X
X
KRN23 Administration
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Chemistry Panel
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Non-Standard labs (iPTH, 
1,25(OH)2 D, Amylase, 
Blilirubin direct, GGT, LDH, 
Lipase, Uric Acid
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Serum Phosphorus 3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hematology
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Urinalysis
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2 hr Urine Collection (Ca, 
Cr, PO4 )
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TmP GFR
X
Concominant Medications 
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
FGF23 levels
X
Whole body X-ray 1
X
LFT
Functional (6MWT) & PRO 
(PROMIS & FPS-R)
X
X
X
Renal Ultrasound 1
X
X
X
Echo 1 & ECG 1   (safety)
X
X
Commented [LW7]: Following assessments are not consistent 
with section 5.5 Assessment schedule. Please review for 
consistency. 
Whole body x-ray – week 52 missing? 
6MWT – confirm assessment.  
Echo & ECG – Week 26 missing? 
24-hour Urine collection – missing.  
 
Commented [VW9]:  
Commented [VW8]: Per Monica Yost (UGNX Safety): 
 
Suggest to add adverse event collection. 
Commented [KL10R9]: We suggest including DXA as there 
was significant improvement in DXA seen in our ENS clinical trial 
patient 
 
LFTs are not marked on SOE.  Are LFTs part of the Chemistry panel 
that will be done? 
 
2 hour urine: If the 24-hour urine is removed, will all tests normally 
done on the 24 hour urine be done on the 2 hours urine (Table 2) 

Page 12 of 21 
 
 
Footnotes 
1. 
May be completed within ± 5 days of the projected visit date to accommodate scheduling 
2. 
Non-standard labs: iPTH, 1,25(OH)2D, Amylase, LDH, Lipase, Uric Acid, 25 (OH) D. 
3. 
In office titration of study drug dose is based on lab value of Serum Phosphate. Subject will have this lab drawn up to 2 days prior to next 
appointment. 
 
 
 
5.5 
Assessment Schedule 
 
5.5.1 
Physical Assessment & Vital Signs 
Complete physical examinations will be performed at Baseline (B), Weeks 12, 26, 38 and 52. Physical examination will 
include assessments of general appearance; head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat; the cardiovascular, dermatologic, lymphatic, 
respiratory, gastrointestinal, , musculoskeletal, and neurologic systems. 
 
5.5.2 
Concomitant   Medications/Therapies 
 
Concomitant medications and therapies will be reviewed and recorded in the subject’s CRF at each study visit to the investigational 
site Medications (investigational, prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal) and nutritional supplements taken during the 30 days 
prior to baseline visit will be reviewed and recorded. Therapies (physical therapy, occupational therapy as well as mobility and 
walking devices, including ankle-foot orthosis, braces, cane, crutches, walker, wheelchair etc.) utilized during the 30 days prior to 
Baseline will also be reviewed and recorded. At each subsequent visit, change in medications and therapies since the previous visit 
will be recorded. 
 
5.5.3 
Radiographs 
 
Standard radiographs will be obtained at Baseline and Week 52. 
Standard radiographs of the lateral spine, AP chest, right and left hand/wrist, right and left humerus, right and left radius/ulna, right 
and left femur/pelvis, right and left tibia/fibula, and right and left foot as well as any other location where the patient is currently 
experiencing tenderness or pain that may reflect underlying pathology, or where the subject has a history of recent (< 3months) 
fracture(s), or in bones where the bone scan suggests the presence of pseudo-fracture, non-vertebral fracture, vertebral fracture or 
other finding likely deemed related to rickets and/or osteomalacia, During follow up, if the patient develops new symptoms of hip 
pain, rib pain or leg/femur pain, targeted x-rays will be ordered to assess for the presence of new fractures or pseudo-fractures. 
Follow-up standard radiographs will be completed in the anatomical location where a fracture or pseudo-fracture is identified   
every 12 weeks during the 52-week study period. Radiographs will be interpreted locally for the identification of new   
abnormalities. 
 
5.5.4 
Laboratory 
 
Blood and urine samples will be collected throughout the study beginning at the Baseline visit. All baseline visit labs will be drawn 
prior to subject receiving initial dose of KRN23. 
Prior to every office visit subject will have the required blood work done after no less than an 8 hour fast. (See Table 1, page 12 for 
specific lab requirements for each visit) 
Visits for week 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 will require a 2-hr urine collection in addition to blood labs. The following procedure will be followed 
for these urine collections: 
 
Subject will fast overnight – minimum of 8 hours. Upon rising subject will void bladder (do not collect this sample) 
 
Subject will arrive to the laboratory approximately 1 hour after initial discarded void. At this time blood samples will be 
drawn. 
 
Subject will stay at laboratory site an additional hour to complete 2-hr urine collection. 
 
 

Page 13 of 21 
 
 
 
 
5.5.5 
Renal Ultrasound 
Renal ultrasounds will be conducted at the Baseline, week 26 and Week 52 visit. Baseline and post-treatment renal 
ultrasounds will be evaluated to detect changes in calcifications and all other renal abnormalities from baseline. 
Ultrasonographic findings of nephrocalcinosis will be graded on a 5-point scale (Patriquin, H, and Robitaille, P. 1986. 
"Renal calcium deposition in children: sonographic demonstration of the Anderson-Carr progression." 
AJR Am J Roentgenol 146 (6):1253-6.”). 
 
5.5.6 
Electrocardiogram 
A standardized 12-lead ECG will measure PR, QRS, QT, and QTc at Baseline, Week 26 and Week 52. 
The goal is to evaluate both for LVH changes, as well as for changes in conductivity and intervals. 
The ECG results will be assessed for any clinically significant abnormality or relevant changes from baseline. 
 
5.5.7 
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 
FGF23 concentrations will be measured at Baseline 
 
5.5.8 
Echocardiogram 
ECHO will be performed at Baseline, Week 26 and Week 52. The goal is to assess for evidence of ectopic 
mineralization in the heart and aorta. Additional tests may be performed if any abnormalities are 
detected or if medically indicated. 
 
5.5.9 
Walking Ability 
The Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) will be administered at the Baseline, Week 26 and Week 52 if patient is able and willing 
to walk 
 
5.5.10 
Patient Reported Outcomes 
PROMIS-The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference,  
patient is capable of completing those surveys.  Physical Function Mobility, and Fatigue measurements 
will be administered at Baseline, Week 26 and 52. FPS-R-The Faces Pain Scale – Revised will be 
administered at Baseline, Week 26 and Week 52. 
 
5.5.11 
KRN23 Administration 
KRN23 will be administered SQ in clinic, every 2 weeks for the duration of the 52-week study. Initial dose given 
at baseline will be 0.3mg/kg. Subsequent Q2W doses may be titrated according to the titration schedule 
with the goal of achieving a normal fasting serum phosphorous level for females 5 to 13 years old within the 
range of 4.1-5.9 mg/dL 
 
 
6.0 Observations and Measurements 
 
6.1 Pharmacodynamic 
 
A comprehensive serum metabolic panel (Chem-20), complete blood count, and urinalysis (Table 2) will be 
used to assess safety as well as for the primary efficacy parameter of normalization of serum phosphorous. 
Additional biochemical parameters of interest include serum 1,25(OH)2D, calcium, creatinine, and iPTH; and 
urinary phosphorus, calcium, and creatinine. In the event of elevated amylase levels on Chem-20, reflexive 
isoenzyme testing will be conducted. 
 
Fasting for a minimum of 8 hours (overnight) is required prior to each blood draw. 
Twenty-four-hour urine collection is required to assess urinary phosphorus: creatinine and calcium: 
creatinine ratios; urinary phosphorus, a PD parameter will also be obtained from 24-hour urine samples. 
Commented [JM11]: Same comment as previous page: 
 
6MWT and PROs are included in the table of assessments. Since the 
patient is wheelchair dependent for all mobility, the 6MWT would 
not be safe. It may be that the patient can safely walk but requires 
a wheelchair for longer distances. We suggest the walk test should 
be listed under secondary endpoints if safe. Alternatively, the TUG 
test may be more appropriate. We suggest to include the PROs as 
secondary or exploratory objectives. 
Commented [JM12]: Please confirm if the patient will 
complete the PRO themselves or if a proxy version is needed. 
Commented [LW13]: Please review of consistency with other 
starting dose references (Sec. 5.2.2 & 5.2.3) 
Commented [LW14]: 24 hour urine collection is not listed in 
the Table of assessments. 
 
Same comment as above: 
If the 24-hour urine is removed, will all tests normally done on the 
24 hour urine be done on the 2 hours urine (Table 2)? Please 
provide detail here. 

Page 14 of 21 
 
 
 
Table 2.0 
 

Page 15 of 21 
 
 
 
 
6.2 
Radiographic 
 
6.2.1 Radiograph Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) 
Pairs of wrist, knee and standing long leg images from the patient will be presented to an independent radiologist, 
with the Baseline image on the left and the later image (Week 52) on the right. The rater will be asked to assess 
change in rickets severity in the wrists and knees and extent of bowing in the legs using a 7-point ordinal RGI-C scale 
score ranging from -3 (very much worse, or severe worsening of rickets) to +3 (very much better, or complete or near 
complete healing of rickets). 
 
6.3 Functional 
 
6.3.1 Six Minute Walk Test 
The 6MWT will be administered in accordance with general principles set forth in the American Thoracic Society 
guidelines (ATS 2002). Subjects will be instructed to walk the length of a pre-measured course for six consecutive 
minutes. The total distance walked at the end of six minutes will be recorded in meters. The percent of predicted 
normal values will be calculated using published normative data based on age, gender, and height (Geiger et al. 2007).  
This test will be done only if the patient is able and willing to do it.  Patient is wheel chair bound. 
 
6.4 Patient Reported Outcomes 
 
6.4.1 
PROMIS 
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed by the 
National Institutes of Health and uses domain-specific measures to assess patient well-being (Broderick et al. 2013), 
(NIH 2015). The domain-specific approach is based on the idea that health attributes, such as pain and physical 
function are not unique to a specific disease. The PROMIS contains a bank of questions from which relevant items 
can be extracted and used to create a custom form. To assess these health domains, items from the Pediatric Pain 
Interference, Physical Function Mobility, and Fatigue item banks (Version 2.0) were extracted to develop this 
self- report form..  Patient is very capable of self reporting. 
 
6.4.2 
FPS-R 
The Faces Pain Scale – Revised (FPS-R) is a self-reported measure of pain intensity developed for children (Hicks et al. 2001). 
It was adapted from the Faces Pain Scale (Bieri et al. 1990) to make it possible to score the sensation of 
pain on the widely accepted 0-to-10 metric. The FPS-R has been validated for use in children 5 to 16 years of age. The FPS-R 
graphically depicts pain intensity using faces with scores chosen from 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (0=no hurt; 10=hurts worst). 
 
7.0 
Criteria for Evaluation 
 
7.1 
Safety 
 
Safety will be evaluated by the incidence, frequency and severity of AEs and serious adverse events (SAEs), including 
clinically significant changes from baseline to scheduled time points in vital signs, weight, interval history and physical 
examination, GFR, clinical laboratory evaluations (including additional KRN23/XLH biochemical parameters of interest), 
and concomitant medications. 
 
Known KRN23 adverse drug reactions, i.e., possibly related to study drug, include injection site reactions (erythema, swelling, 
rash).Other events that have been reported reported in patients with X linked Hypophosphatemia who received CRYSVITA, not 
necessarily causally related, include pain in extremity, Vitamin D deficiency, arthralgia and myalgia. Monitoring of these and 
other potential adverse events will occur throughout the duration of the study. Baseline and 52-week ECHO, Renal ultrasound 
and ECG will monitor for ectopic mineralizations during KRN23 administration.  There are no adverse effects noticed with TIO/ 
ENs subjects and so the above side effects are unexpected.
Commented [LW15]: See comment above. 
Commented [JM16]: See my comments above as well 
Commented [JM17]: As above, please confirm if subject is able 
to self-report 
Commented [VW18]: Per Monica: No ADRs are established for 
TIO/ENS. These are adverse reactions for XLH. We suggest to 
remove or to state that all events are unexpected.   

Page 16 of 21 
 
 
7.2. 
Efficacy 
 
7.2.1 
Pharmacodynamically 
Achieving a normal, age adjusted fasting serum phosphorous levels over time is the primary efficacy parameter and 
will be ascertained through fasting blood and urine samples as described in the Table 1, Schedule of Assessments. 
 
7.2.2 
Radiographically 
Healing of rickets as measured by X-rays. 
Healing of rickets in the wrists and knees as measured X-rays and the 7-point RGI-C scale. 
 
7.2.3 
Functionally 
Improved walking ability as measured by change in the distance walked on the 6MWT in meters and percent predicted 
normal values at Baseline compared to Week 26 and 52 if patient is capable and willing to walk. 
 
7.2.4 
Patient Reported Outcomes 
PROMIS and FPS-R scales will be scored at Baseline, Week 26 and 52 and compared to report on any changes in pain, 
fatigue and physical functioning as result of KRN23 administration 
 
 
8.0 
Criteria for Removal of Patient from Therapy 
1. 
Occurrence of an Adverse Event(AE), collection of unassociated AEs, or a pattern of AE which in the opinion of the PI 
make further participation in the trial an unacceptable risk of harm to the patient 
2. 
An illness that in the opinion of the PI/Sub PI might place the patient at risk 
3. 
At the request of the patient/guardian or PI/Sub PI 
 
9.0 Potential Risks and Potential Benefits 
 
KRN23 is an investigational fully human IgG monoclonal antibody to FGF23 that is currently being developed as a  
The risks of burosumab in the treatment of CSHS are unknown.  The risks of burosumab in the treatment of pediatric and adult 
patient with XLH are provided in the the Crysvita™ Package Insert (Revised 04/2018).  The burosumab investigator’s brochure 
(dated 15Jun2018) provided by Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. also provides detailed information regarding potential side 
effects or adverse drug reactions of burosumab. 
 
The most common adverse drug reactions reported in paediatric patients treated with burosumab for XLH during clinical trials 
were injection site reactions (57%), headache (54%), pain in extremity (42%), vitamin D decreased (28%), rash (23%), 
toothache (18%), tooth abscess (14%), myalgia (14%), and dizziness (11%). 
 
The most common adverse drug reactions reported in adult patients treated with burosumab for XLH during clinical trials were 
back pain (15%), headache (13%), tooth infection (13%), restless legs syndrome (12%), vitamin D decrease (12%) and dizziness 
(10%). 
 
In addition to the common adverse drug reactions, the following are potential risks to the participant that may occur based on 
the mechanism of action of burosumab, the inherent risks with the subcutaneous administration of monoclonal antibodies, 
and data from nonclinical and clinical studies of burosumab to date:  hyperphosphatemia, ectopic mineralization. 
hypersensitivity, injection site reactions, and anti-drug antibodies. 
 
Hyperphosphatemia is a potential risk of burosumab due to its mechanism of action.  Based on the role that FGF23 plays in the 
maintenance of phosphate homeostasis, careful attention should be paid to serum levels of phosphorus and other related 
factors, such as serum calcium, creatinine, BUN, 1,25(OH)2D, and iPTH, as well as urinary calcium.   Ectopic mineralization risks 
are mitigated by careful, detailed, and controlled monitoring of serum phosphorus levels and other biochemically-related 
factors including serum calcium, 1,25(OH)2D, and iPTH as well as urinary calcium. In addition, surveillance and monitoring via 
imaging modalities (i.e., renal ultrasound) are used to mitigate any further risks for the subject. 
 
Commented [LW19]: See comment above. 
Commented [JM20]: Helpful to list the domains measures as 
PROMIS is not specific enough to explain what is administered. 
PROMIS customized questionnaire assessing Mobility, Fatigue and 
Pain Interference domains. 

Page 17 of 21 
 
 
Hypersensitivity events (rash, injection site rash, and urticaria) and injection site reactions (erythema, rash, swelling, bruising, 
pain, pruritus, urticaria, and hematoma) are also a potential risk and monitoring for these will occur throughout the duration of 
the study. 
 

Page 18 of 21 
 
 
10.0 
Data Collection and Adverse Event Reporting 
 
10.1 
Clinical Data Collection 
 
Data to be collected will include demographic, ENS medical history, genetic (PHEX), laboratory values, PD parameters, 
FGF23 levels, prior and current medications, prior procedures and interventions. Data for AE’s will also be collected. 
 
10.2 
Case Report Form 
 
The investigator is required to initiate and maintain an adequate and accurate case history that records all observations 
and other data related to the study for this subject. All information recorded on CRFs for this study must be consistent 
with the subject's source documentation. All data entered in to the CRF must be verifiable; therefore, CRFs will be routinely 
checked for accuracy, completeness, and clarity and will be cross-checked for consistency with source documents, including 
laboratory test reports and other subject records. 
 
10.3 
Data Management & Storage 
Site shall maintain complete and accurate records related to the Study in accordance with Code of Federal 
Regulations Title 21, section 312.62. 
 
10.4 
Site Monitoring 
 
Site monitoring will be completed by internal The University of Alabama IRB office. The functions of the internal 
monitoring will include the review of timelines and provision of data, the collection of internal and updated regulatory 
documents and the frequency of identified and resolved issues as it pertains to this 52-week trial. 
 
10.5 
Adverse Event Reporting 
 
All AEs (i.e. any new or worsening in severity or frequency of a pre-existing condition) will be recorded from the time the 
informed consent is signed through 90 days following the last dose of investigational product. In addition, any AE that occurs 
after this time period that is considered to have a reasonable possibility of being associated with the investigational product 
will be recorded. Details of the event to include severity, relationship to investigational product, duration, action taken, and 
outcome. 
 
All AEs that are considered related to investigational product will be followed to resolution or stabilization if improvement   
is not expected. AEs which completely resolve and then recur will be recorded as a new AE. AEs continuing at 90 days 
following the last dose of the investigational product will have a comment that the event has recovered, recovered with 
sequelae, stabilized, or is not expected to improve. The severity of all AEs will be graded using the NCI CTCAE (version 5.0). 
 

Page 19 of 21 
 
 
 
Mild (Grade 1): Awareness of signs or symptoms, but easily tolerated and of a minor irritant type, causing no 
loss of time from normal activities. Symptoms do not require therapy or a medical evaluation; signs and symptoms 
are transient. 
 
Moderate (Grade 2): Events introduce a low level of inconvenience or concern to the participant and may 
interfere with daily activities, but are usually improved by simple therapeutic measures; moderate experiences 
may cause some interference with functioning. 
 
Severe (Grade 3): Events interrupt the participant’s normal daily activities and generally require systemic 
drug therapy or other treatment; they are usually incapacitating. 
 
Life-threatening (Grade 4): Events that place the participant at immediate risk of death or are disabling. 
 
Death (Grade 5): Events that result in death. 
 
10.5.1 
Medical Safety Monitor 
All SAE’s must be reported within 24 hours to the IRB 
 
10.5.2 Safety Report 
Copy of all reports will be stored in the Study File. All SAEs will be reported to the IRB and Ultragenyx. 
 
10.5.3 Protocol Deviations 
Protocol deviations are events that are inconsistent with the protocol to the point that they may impact subject safety 
and /or to the extent of impacting the study outcome. Protocol deviations will be reported to the IRB in accordance with 
their reporting guidelines. 
 
11.0 
Statistical Considerations 
 
11.1 
Safety Analysis 
Safety data will be reviewed on a regular basis by both PI and Sub PI. For the safety analysis, the numbers (frequency) 
and incidence rates of AEs and SAEs will be summarized during exposure to KRN23 throughout the study. The analyses 
of safety time frame will encompass both the 52-week study period and subsequent safety extension period if applicable. 
 
All AEs will be coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). The incidence and frequency of AEs 
will be summarized by System Organ Class (SOC), Preferred Term (PT), relationship to study drug, and severity. A complete 
listing of AEs and SAEs will be provided for the patient at the end of the study 
 
Clinical laboratory data will be summarized by the type of laboratory test. The frequency of abnormal clinical laboratory 
results (i.e., outside of reference ranges) and/or clinically significant abnormalities after study drug administration will be 
presented for each clinical laboratory measurement. For each clinical laboratory measurement, descriptive statistics will 
be provided for Baseline and all subsequent scheduled visits during which laboratory measurements were obtained. 
Changes from Baseline to the treatment visits will also be provided. Descriptive statistics of vital signs and concomitant 
medications will be provided in a similar manner. 
 
11.2 
Efficacy Analysis 
 
11.2.1 
Pharmacodynamic 
Serum phosphorous levels taken throughout the 52-week period will be compared to the baseline value. Serum 1,25(OH)2 
D levels taken throughout the 52-week period will be compared to the baseline value. Phosphate reabsorption defined as 
the ratio of renal tubular maximum reabsorption rate of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) will be assessed 
throughout the 52-week period and compared to the baseline value. 
Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP) levels taken throughout the 52-week period will be compared to the baseline value 
Commented [VW21]: Investigator is obligated to follow the 
Serious Adverse Event reporting instructions per the IST contract. 
 
Please include a statement that states the safety reporting 
instructions and timing will be referred to Exhibit B: Serious Adverse 
Event Reporting of the IST Agreement. 

Page 20 of 21 
 
 
11.2.2 
Bone Health 
Severity of rickets and epiphyseal (growth plate) abnormalities will be assessed at baseline and 52-weeks. 
Lower extremity deformity assessed by intercondylar distance and intermalleolar distance. Specific abnormalities related 
to lower extremity deformity and bowing observed on standing long leg films will also be evaluated using the qualitative 
RGI-C scoring system 
 
11.2.3 
Functional 
Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) total distance and percent of predicted normal distance walked will be assessed and compared 
at baseline, 26 weeks and at 52-weeks if patient is able and willing to walk. 
 
11.2.4. Patient Reported Outcomes 
The PROMIS and FPS-R tools will be administered and compared at baseline, 26 and 52-weeks. 
 
 
12.0 
Human Subject 
 
12.1 
Institutional Review Board Review and Informed Consent 
 
This protocol and the informed consent documents and any subsequent modifications will be reviewed and approved by 
the IRB. A signed consent form will be obtained from the parent for this subject. A signed informed assent will also be 
obtained from the subject. 
 
12.2 
Study  Modification/Discontinuation 
The study may be modified or discontinued at any time by the IRB, the sponsor, the FDA or other government agencies as 
part of their duties to ensure research subjects are protected 
 
 
Commented [LW22]: See comments above. 
Commented [JM23]: T-scores are generated for the PROMIS 
domains through scoring software available at the HealthMeasures 
site and can be compared to baseline. Useful to specify PROMIS 
domain T-scores here. 

Page 20 of 21 
 
 
 
References 
 
 
1. Aono, Y, Yamazaki, Y, Yasutake, J, Kawata, T, Hasegawa, H, Urakawa, I, Fujita, T, Wada, M, Yamashita, T, Fukumoto, S, and 
Shimada, T. 2009. "Therapeutic effects of anti- FGF23antibodies” 
 
2. Aono, Y, Hasegawa, H, Yamazaki, Y, Shimada, T, Fujita, T, Yamashita, T, and Fukumoto, S. 2011. "Anti-FGF- 23 neutralizing 
antibodies ameliorate muscle weakness and decreased spontaneous movement of Hyp mice." J Bone Miner Res 26 (4):803-10. 
 
3. ATS. 2002. "American Thoracic Society Statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test." Am.J.Respir, Crit.Care Med 166 
(1):111-117. 
 
4. Bieri, D, Reeve, RA, Champion, GD, Addicoat, L, and Ziegler, JB. 1990. "The Faces Pain Scale for the self- assessment of the 
severity of pain experienced by children: development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale 
properties." Pain 41 (2):139-50. 
 
5. Broderick, JE, DeWitt, EM, Rothrock, N, Crane, PK, and Forrest, CB. 2013. "Advances in Patient-Reported Outcomes: The NIH 
PROMIS((R)) Measures." EGEMS (Wash DC) 1 (1):1015 
 
 
6. Carpenter, TO, Imel, EA, Holm, IA, Jan de Beur, SM, and Insogna, KL. 2011. "A clinician's guide to X-linked hypophosphatemia." J 
Bone Miner Res 26 (7):1381-8. 
 
7. Carpenter, TO. 2012. "The expanding family of hypophosphatemic syndromes." J Bone Miner Metab 30 (1):1-9. 
 
8. Carpenter, TO, Imel, EA, Ruppe, MD, Weber, TJ, Klausner, MA, Wooddell, MM, Kawakami, T, Ito, T, Zhang, X, Humphrey, J, Insogna, 
KL, and Peacock, M. 2014. "Randomized trial of the anti-FGF23 antibody KRN23 in X-linked hypophosphatemia." J Clin Invest 124 
(4):1587-97. 
 
9. Costa, T, Marie, PJ, Scriver, CR, Cole, DE, Reade, TM, Nogrady, B, Glorieux, FH, and Delvin, EE. 1981. "X- linked hypophosphatemia: 
effect of calcitriol on renal handling of phosphate, serum phosphate, and bone mineralization." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 52(3):463- 
472. 
 
10. Fukumoto, S. 2008. "Physiological regulation and disorders of phosphate metabolism-- pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor 
23." Intern Med 47 (5):337-43. 
 
11. Geiger, R, Strasak, A, Treml, B, Gasser, K, Kleinsasser, A, Fischer, V, Geiger, H, Loeckinger, A, and Stein, JI. 2007. "Six-minute walk 
test in children and adolescents." J Pediatr 150 (4):395-9, 399. 
 
12. Imel, EA, Zhang, X, Ruppe, MD, Weber, TJ, Klausner, MA, Ito, T, Vergeire, M, Humphrey, JS, Glorieux, FH, Portale, AA, Insogna, K, 
Peacock, M, and Carpenter, TO. 2015. "Prolonged Correction of Serum Phosphorus in Adults With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia 
Using Monthly Doses of KRN23." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100 (7):2565-73. 
 
13. Karaplis, AC, Bai, X, Falet, JP, and Macica, CM. 2012. "Mineralizing enthesopathy is a common feature of renal phosphate-wasting 
disorders attributed to FGF23 and is exacerbated by standard therapy in Hyp mice." Endocrinology 153 (12):5906-17. 

Page 21 of 21 
 
 
14. Kawai, M, Kinoshita, S, Kimoto, A, Hasegawa, Y, Miyagawa, K, Yamazaki, M, Ohata, Y, Ozono, K, and Michigami, T. 2013. "FGF23 
suppresses chondrocyte proliferation in the presence of soluble alpha-Klotho both in vitro and in vivo." J Biol Chem 288 (4):2414- 
27. 
 
15. Lim, YH, Ovejero, D, Sugarman, JS, Deklotz, CM, Maruri, A, Eichenfield, LF, Kelley, PK, Juppner, H, Gottschalk, M, Tifft, CJ, Gafni, RI, 
Boyce, AM, Cowen, EW, Bhattacharyya, N, Guthrie, LC, Gahl, WA, Golas, G, Loring, EC, Overton, JD, Mane, SM, Lifton, RP, Levy, ML, 
Collins, MT, and Choate, KA. 2014. "Multilineage somatic activating mutations in HRAS and NRAS cause mosaic cutaneous and 
skeletal lesions, elevated FGF23 and hypophosphatemia." Hum Mol Genet 23 (2):397-407. 
 
16. Razzaque, MS, and Lanske, B. 2007. "The emerging role of the fibroblast growth factor-23- klotho axis in renal regulation of 
phosphate homeostasis." J Endocrinol 194(1):1-10. 
 
17. Ruppe, MD. 2012. "X-Linked Hypophosphatemia." In Gene Reviews, edited by R. A. Pagon, M. P. Adam, T. 
D. Bird, C. R. Dolan, C. T. Fong and K. Stephens. Seattle (WA). 
 
18. Thacher, TD, Fischer, PR, Pettifor, JM, Lawson, JO, Manaster, BJ, and Reading, JC. 2000. "Radiographic scoring method for the 
assessment of the severity of nutritional rickets." J Trop Pediatr 46 (3):132-9. 
 
19. Yamazaki, Y, Tamada, T, Kasai, N, Urakawa, I, Aono, Y, Hasegawa, H, Fujita, T, Kuroki, R, Yamashita, T, Fukumoto, S, and Shimada, 
T. 2008. "Anti-FGF23 neutralizing antibodies show the physiological role and structural features of FGF23." J Bone Miner Res 23 
(9):1509-1518.