I want to know the answer to the following question:
When did European countries establish colonies in Africa?
All the background I'm provided with is that "European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession.". Is that enough to answer the question?
Answer: yes