I want to know the answer to the following question:
What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century?
All the background I'm provided with is that "By the 11th century, more organised groups such as the Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars were beginning to appear in the towns and cities of northern Italy, southern France and Flanders.". Is that enough to answer the question?
Answer: yes