I want to know the answer to the following question:
Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language?
All the background I'm provided with is that "Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is.". Is that enough to answer the question?
Answer: yes