nobody shall enter it, and that there shall be no inter ruption for one hour during the sitting of the circle. Wet, damp, and foggy weather is bad for the production of physical phenomena. 2. Let the circle consist of four, five, or six individuals about the same number of each sex. Sit round an un covered wooden table, with all the palms of the hands in contact with its top surface. Whether the hands touch each other or not is usually of no importance. Any table will do, just large enough to conveniently accommodate the sitters. The removal of a hand from the table for a few seconds does no harm, but when one of the sitters breaks the circle by leaving the table it sometimes, but not always, very considerably delays the manifestations. 3. Before the sitting begins, place some pointed lead pencils and some sheets of clean writing paper on the table, to write down any communications that may be obtained. 4. People who do not like each other should not sit in the same circle, for such a want of harmony tends to prevent manifestations, except with well-developed physical mediums; it is not yet known why. Belief or unbelief has no influence on the manifestations, but an acrid feeling against them is a weakening influence. 5. Before the manifestations begin, it is well to engage in general conversation or in singing, and it is best that neither should be of a frivolous nature. A prayerful, earnest feeling among the members of the circle is likely to attract a higher and more pleasing class of spirits. 6. The first symptom of the invisible power at work is often a feeling like a cool wind sweeping over the hands The first manifestations will probably be table tiltings or raps. 7. When motions of the table or sounds are produced freely, to avoid confusion, let one person only speak, and talk to the table as to an intelligent being. Let him tell the table that three tilts or raps mean “Yes," one means “No,” and two mean “Doubtful and ask whether the arrangement is understood. If three signals be given in answer, then say, “If I speak the letters of the alphabet slowly, will you signal ever time I come to the letter you want, aud spell us out message?" Should three signals be given, set to work on the plan proposed, and from this time an intelligent system of communication is established. 8. Afterwards the question should be put, “Are we sitting in the right order to get the best manifestations: Probably some members of the circle will then be told to change seats with each other, and the signals will be afterwards strengthened. Next ask, “ Who is the medium?“ When spirits come asserting themselves to be related or known to anybody present, well-chosen questions should be put to test the accuracy of the statements, as spirits out of the body have all the virtues and all the failings of spirits in the body. Possibly at the first sitting of a circle symptoms of other forms of mediumship than tilts or raps may make their appearance. Information respect ing the many kinds of mediumship will be found in Mrs. Professor De Morgan’s book, From Matter to Spirit, published by Longmans; and this is a good book to read before trying to start a new circle. It usually takes several years for an medium to attain full power, and it is not an uncommon although not an everyday thing, for chairs and other articles to move about in the presence of a good well-developed physical medium without anybody touching the articles at all. This fact effectually disposes of Faraday’s “unconscious muscular action” theory. Some have suggested that the phenomena are all mental, since mental conditions influence their production, and that those present all believe they see and hear things which they do not in reality see and hear. The answer is that there is sometimes such a noise with improperly powerful manifestations that the sounds are heard all over the house by persons not in the room; the furniture sometimes gets broken by movements of too violent a character and the broken portions remain as evidence that the phenomena were not of a mental character. The upholsterers' bills which result also serve to convince that the occurrences are facts. The ligher spirits seem to have little power over common matter, and the highest communications are not usually obtained through physical mani festations. There are in England several very interesting circles for physical manifestations, where the spirits speak with audible voices, but, unfortu nately, total darkness is a necessary condition. Non-spiritualists who are inquiring into the sub ject should have nothing to do with dark séances which should be held only by those who know each other, since they offer so many facilities for fraud. When any circle regularly obtains power ful physical manifestations, they may desire to sit for the voices. The very slightest glimmer of light must be exeluded from the room, while the members of the circle sit round the table in the ordinary way. One or two paper tubes, each twelve or eighteen inches long, with an orifice about an inch-and-a-half in diameter, should be placed on the table. They may be readily made by rolling up a piece of music and tying a few pieces of cotton round the rough tube thus formed. In the early stages of a voice-circle these tubes are necessary for the use of the spirits, but after wards they may be dispensed with except when the weather and other conditions are unfavour able. When first trying to obtain the voices the spirits may not be able to lift the tubes from the table, afterwards they often get them up in the air a foot or two and let them drop again. When they get full control over them they can carry them about up to the ceiling and to all parts of the room, and they talk to the members of the circle often while floating about above their heads. Very beautiful luminous phenomena are some times shown by the spirits at dark circles. While sitting for the voices, the spirits will tell by the ordinary table signals how they are progressing in their work of getting control of the tubes. Every human being is surrounded by an atmo sphere which to the spirits is luminous and mate rial, and this atmosphere is largely used by the spirits in the production of the physical manifes tations. Baron Reichenbach, while he knew nothing of Spiritualism, discovered by experiment the presenee of unknown forces emauating from human bodies, and published the results in his Researches on Animal Magnetism. All the pheno mena of Spiritualism draw temporarily upon the vital powers of those composing the circle, but the medium is the chief source of energy. A still atmospliere and subdued light in the room are favourable conditions for the physical manifestations.