---
task_categories:
- question-answering
- token-classification
language:
- en
---
# Metaphors and analogies datasets
These datasets contain word pairs and quadruples forming analogies, metaphoric mapping or sematically unacceptable compositions.
- Pair instances are pairs of nouns A and B in a sentence of the form "A is a B".
- Quadruple instances are of the form : < (A,B),(C,D) >
There is an analogy when A is to B what C is to D.
The analogy is also a metaphor when the (A,B) and (C,D) form a metaphoric mapping, usually when they come from different domains.
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:**
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
Language : English
### Datasets and paper links
| Name | Size | Labels | Description |
| ---------: | :----- |:-------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `Cardillo` | 260 *2 | 1, 2 | Pairs of "A is-a B" sentences composed of one metaphoric and one literal sentence. The two sentences of a given pair share the same B term. |
| `Jankowiak`| 120*3 | 0, 1, 2 | Triples of "A is-a/is-like-a B" sentences with exactly one literal, one semantic abnormal and one metaphoric sentence. |
| `Green` | 40*3 | 0, 1, 2 | Triples of proportional analogies, made of 4 terms each. One stem is composed with 3 different pairs, to form exaclty one near analogy, one far analogy and one non analogic quadruple|
| `Kmiecik` | 720 | 0, 1, 2 | Quadruples labelled as analogy:True/False and far_analogy: True/False|
| `SAT-met` | 160?*5 | 0, 1, 2, 12 | One pair stem to combine with 5 different pairs and attempt to form proportional analogies. Only one forms an analogy with We additionally labelled the analogies as **metaphoric**:True/False|
| Name | Paper Citation | Paper link | Dataset link |
| ---------: | :------- | :------------------------------ |-----------------------------------------: |
| `Cardillo` | | [Cardillo (2010)](https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-016-0717-1) [Cardillo (2017)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2952404/ ) | |
| `Jankowiak`| | [Jankowiak (2020)]( https://link-springer-com.abc.cardiff.ac.uk/article/10.1007/s10936-020-09695-7) | |
| `Green` | Green, A. E., Kraemer, D. J. M., Fugelsang, J., Gray, J. R., & Dunbar, K. (2010). Connecting Long Distance: Semantic Distance in Analogical Reasoning Modulates Frontopolar Cortex Activity. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 70-76. | [Green (20)]() ||
| `Kmiecik` |Kmiecik, M. J., Brisson, R. J., & Morrison, R. G. (2019). The time course of semantic and relational processing during verbal analogical reasoning. Brain and Cognition, 129, 25-34. | [Kmiecik (20)]() ||
| `SAT-met` | | [Turney (2005)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0508053.pdf) | |
### Labels :
- Pairs
- **0** : anomaly
- **1** : literal
- **2** : metaphor
- Quadruples :
- **0** : not an analogy
- **1** : an analogy but not a metaphor
- **2** : an analogy and a metaphor or a far analogy
- **12** : maybe a metaphor, somewhere between 1 and 2
### Dataset Splits
- Both lexical and random splits are available for classification experiments.
- Size of the splits :
- **train** : 50 %
- **validation** : 10 %
- **test** : 40 %
- Additionally, for all datasets, the `5-folds` field gives frozen splits for a five-folds cross validation experiment with train/val/test = 70/10/20% of the sets.
# Datasets for Classification
- Task : binary classification or 3-classes classification of pairs or quadruples. Each pair or quadruple is to classify between anomaly, non-metaphoric and metaphoric.
## Pairs
### Datasets names & splits :
| Original set | Dataset name | Split |
|-------------:| :------------ | :------ |
| Cardillo | Pairs\_Cardillo\_random_split | random |
| | Pairs\_Cardillo\_lexical_split | lexical |
| Jankowiac | Pairs\_Jankowiac\_random_split | random |
| | Pairs\_Jankowiac\_lexical_split | lexical |
### Data fields :
| Field | Description | Type |
| -------------:| :------------ | ---- |
| corpus | name of the orgiginal dataset | str |
| id | instance id | str |
| set_id | id of the set containing the given instance in the multiple choice task | int |
| label | 0, 1, 2 | int |
| sentence | A is-a B sentence. | str |
| A | A expression in the sentence | str |
| B | B expression in the sentence | str |
| A\_position | position of A in the sentence | list(int) |
| B\_position | position of B in the sentence | list(int) |
| 5-folds | frozen splits for cross validation | list(str) |
### Examples :
| Name | Example | Label|
| -------: | :------------------------------------- | :-------- |
|Cardillo | | |
|Jankowiac | | |
## Quadruples
### Datasets names & splits
| Original set | dataset name | Split |
| -------: | :------------------------------------- | :-------- |
|Green | Quadruples\_Green\_random_split | random |
| | Quadruples\_Green\_lexical_split | lexical |
|Kmiecik | Quadruples\_Kmiecik\_random_split | random |
| | Quadruples\_Kmiecik\_lexical\_split\_on\_AB | lexical AB |
| | Quadruples\_Kmiecik\_lexical_split\_on\_CD | lexical CD |
|SAT | Quadruples\_SAT\_random\_split | random | random |
| | Quadruples\_SAT\_lexical\_split | lexical | lexical |
### Data fields :
| Field| Description | Type |
| -------------: | :------------ | :------------ |
| corpus | Name of the orgiginal dataset | str |
| id | Element id | str |
| set\_id | Id of the set containing the given instance in the multiple-choice task datasets | int |
| label | 0, 1, 2, 12 | int |
| AB | pair of terms | list(str) |
| CD | pair of terms | list(str) |
| 5-folds | frozen splits for cross validation | list(str) |
### Examples :
| Name | Example | Label|
|-------: | :------------------------------------- | :-------- |
|Green | | |
|Kmiecik | | |
| SAT | | |
# Datasets for multiple choice questions or permutation
- Task : One stem and multiple choices. The stem and its possible combinations are to be combined to form a sentence. The resulting sentence has a label <0,1,2>.
## Pairs
### Datasets names & splits :
| Original set | dataset name | Split |
| -----------|------| :---- |
| Cardillo | Pairs\_Cardillo\_set | test only |
| Jankowiac | Pairs\_Jankowiac\_set |test only |
### Data fields :
| Field | Description | Type |
| -------------: | :------------ | :------------ |
| corpus | Name of the orgiginal dataset | str |
| id | Element id | str |
| pair_ids | Ids of each pair as appearing in the classification datasets. | list(str) |
| labels | 0, 1, 2 | list(int) |
| sentences | List of the sentences composing the set | list(str) |
| A\_positions | Positions of the A's in each sentence | list(list(int)) |
| B\_positions | Positions of the B's in each sentence | list(list(int)) |
| answer | Index of the metaphor | int |
| stem | Term shared between the sentences of the set. | str |
| 5-folds | frozen splits for cross validation | list(str) |
### Examples :
| Name | Stem | Sentences |Label|
|-------: |-------: | :------------------------------------- | :-------- |
|Cardillo | comet | The astronomer's obssession was a comet. | 1 |
| | | The politician's career was a comet. | 2 |
| Jankoviac | harbour | This banana is like a harbour | 0 |
| | | A house is a harbour | 2|
| | | This area is a harbour | 1 |
## Quadruples
### Datasets names & splits :
| Original set | dataset name | Split |
| ----------: | :------| :---- |
| Green | Quadruples\_Green\_set | test only |
| SAT | Quadruples\_SAT\_met_set | test only |
### Data fields :
| Field | Description | Type |
|-------------: | :------------ | :------------ |
| corpus | name of the orgiginal dataset | str |
| id | Element id | str |
| pair\_ids | Ids of the instances as appearing in the clasification datasets | list(str) |
| labels | 0, 1, 2, 12 | list(int) |
| answer | temp | int |
| stem | Word pair to compose with all the other pairs of the set | list(str) |
| pairs | List of word pairs | list(list(str)) |
| 5-folds | Frozen splits for cross validation | list(str) |
### Examples :
| Name | Example | Label|
|-------: | :------------------------------------- | :-------- |
|Green | | |
| | | |
| SAT | | |