Term: opinion: the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)
Broader: due process: (law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards | Unrelated: mousetrap: (American football) a play in which a defensive player is allowed to cross the line of scrimmage and then blocked off as the runner goes through the place the lineman vacated