Netherlands

iNetherlands (; ngesiNgisi: Netherlands, noma ngokujwayelekile, Holland, ngesiHolandi: Nederland, ) yilizwe elizimele elaziwa ngokwemthetho uMbuso waseNetherlands, ilizwe elihlanganisa amazwe weziqhingi zaseKharibhi: i-Aruba, i-Sint Maarten kanye ne-Curacao, neMetropolitan Netherlands e-Yurophu. Igama "Netherlands" lisho ukuthi "uMhlaba oPhansi" noma "Imihlaba ePhansi". Igama "Metropolitan", lichaza isifundazwe esinqangi noma lapho kuvela umbuso khona. Igama elithi "Holandi" lichaza isifundazwe sase-"Netherlands". Kodwa ngenxa yokujwayela, ngesiZulu saziwa ngeHolandi. Kulelikhasi sizoqhubeka ukusebenzisa igama "iNetherlands" ukuchaza uMbuso waseNetherlands.

iHolandi isenyakatho-mpumalanga eYurophu. oMakhelwane iJalimani ngasempumalanga, iBelgium ngasenzansi, iLuxembourg ngasenzansi-mpumalanga. iHolandi inogu eLwandle waseNyakatho. Abantu baseNetherlands babumbe iziqhingi ezaziwa ngama "polder" ngesiHolandi ukuze bakhulise ubungakho belizwe labo. Kungakho namhlanje ubungakho bendawo buyizikhilomitha-skwele eziyi-41,895 uma sibala isiFundazwe saseMetropolitan Netherlands eYurophu kuphela, noma 42,531 masihlanganisa izifundazwe zaseKharibhi.

iNdawo ebeyizoba iNetherlands kwakuhlala abazingeli nabantu abaqoqa intshalo. Kusukela iminyaka eyi-800 ngaphambu kokuzala kukaKhrestu (BC), amaKhelthi wayehlala kulendawo. amaJalimani waseNyakatho bafudukela eNetherlands, bahlobana futhi bahlulana namaKhelthi. Ukuhlangana kwabo kwadala, isizwe esisha. amaRoma wanqoba ibandla lamaJalimani wemiHlaba ePhansi wabahlanganisa ukwenza isifundazwe soMbuso wamaRoma sikaGallia Belgica.

Kusukela iminyaka eyi-400 ngasemva kokuzala kukaKhrestu (AD), umbuso wamaRoma uwile, izibandla zamaJalimani wasemiHlabeni ePhansi anqotshe ngamaFranki. Ama-Angle (amaNgoli), amaJuti, nama-Frisi wafudukela lana wahlangana nalamaMhlaba oPhansi. Kusukela u-1000 AD, iNetherlands yayiyinxenye yoMbuso oNgcwele waseRoma. Kusukela -1384 AD, uMuzi wakaHabsburg waseSpaniya wayebusa iNetherlands. Kusukela u1581 AD, izifundazwe zeHolandi, Zeelandi, nezinye zahlangana ukwenza umfelandawonye ozimele. iNetherlands yaqala ukuhamba izizwe zangaphesheya, yanqoba izindawo eKharibi, amaMelika, eAfrika naseEshiya. i-Dutch East India Company ithume u-Jan van Riebeeck (isigebengu esabanjwa), eNingizimu Afrika ukususa isitheshi semikhumbi ethinga impahla. Kungenxa yabantu abamuphelezile ukuthi abelungu (kakhulukazi amaBhunu) abekhona e-Afrika. Futhi, ngenxa yokhuthi uNapoleon, iSilo saseFulansi, unqobe iNetherlands ngezi-1700, uMbuso oHlangeneyo, unqoba iNingizimu le-Afrika kwanda abelungu emazweni wama-Afrika.

Ngenxa yalokho nokudayiselana nezinye izizwe impahla, iNetherlands yaceba ngedlela emangalisayo. Lokho kwakhula masekusuka iNguquko eNkulu yeziMboni (ngesiNgisi: Industrial Revolution). Ngokuqala kwezi-1900, iNetherlands yayibanjwe ezimpini ezinkulu zomhlaba. Namhlanje, iNetherlands isezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko, futhi ibuswa ehlelweni lentandoyeningi ngaphansi kweNkosi, eyinganawo lutho amandla okuphatha, eyindlalefa yakaWilliam wase-Orange-Nassau. isiQongo ngokwemthetho kuse-Amsterdam, idolobha elikhulu, kodwa ngempela kuse-The Hague, lapho isihlalo seNkantolo yoMhlabawonke yobuGebengu sikhona.
Imithombo

; Statistics

* Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2006). Health statistics. Retrieved 17 June 2006.
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; Articles

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; Books

* Paul Arblaster. A History of the Low Countries. Palgrave Essential Histories Series New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 298 pp. ISBN 1-4039-4828-3.
* J. C. H. Blom and E. Lamberts, eds. History of the Low Countries (1998)
* Jonathan Israel. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806 (1995)
* J. A. Kossmann-Putto and E. H. Kossmann. The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands (1987)
Amakhasi amangaphandle

; Uhulumeni
* Overheid.nl – official Dutch government portal
* Government.nl – official Dutch government web site
* CBS – Key figures from the Dutch bureau of statistics
; Travel
* Holland.com – English website of the Netherlands tourist office