Cuba

Cuba, secara rasminya digelarkan Republik Cuba, terdiri daripada pulau Cuba (pulau terbesar di kalangan pulau-pulau Antillen Besar), Isle of Youth, dan pulau-pulau kecil yang berhampiran. Ia terletak di bahagian utara Caribbean pada pertemuan Laut Caribbean, Teluk Mexico, dan Lautan Atlantik; di selatan bahagian timur Amerika Syarikat, dan Bahamas; di barat Kepulauan Turki dan Caicos dan Haiti; di timur Mexico. Kepulauan Cayman dan Jamaica berjiranan di selatan negara ini.

Cuba ialah negara yang mempunyai paling banyak penduduk di Caribbean. Budaya dan adat resamnya berasal daripada beberapa sumber, termasuk zaman penjajahan Sepanyol, pembawaan masuk abdi-abdi Afrika, dan secara tidak begitu kuat, kedudukannya yang berhampiran dengan Amerika Syarikat. Pulau ini mempunyai iklim tropika yang disederhanakan oleh perairan disekitarnya; arus panas Laut Caribbean dan kedudukannya di tengah-tengah perairan yang besar juga menyebabkan Cuba kerap kali mengalami hurikan.

Sejarah tercatat Cuba bermula pada 24 Oktober 1492, ketika Christopher Columbus menemui pulau ini semasa pelayaran sulungnya dan menuntut pulau ini untuk Sepanyol. Ketika itu, pulau ini telah didiami oleh orang-orang Amerindian termasuk bangsa-bangsa Taíno dan Ciboney yang datang dari Amerika Selatan beberapa abad dahulu. Kaum Taino adalah petani, manakala kaum Ciboney adalah pemburu-pemungut. Nama Cuba berasal daripada perkataan bahasa Taíno, cubanacán, yang bermaksud "tempat pusat".

Pantai Cuba dipetakan secara lengkap oleh Sebastian de Ocampo pada tahun 1511. Pada tahun itu, Diego Velazquez de Cuellar mengasaskan petempatan Sepanyol yang pertama di Baracoa. Bandar-bandar yang lain kemudian diasaskan, termasuk Havana pada 1515. Sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh mereka di seluruh benua Amerika, orang-orang Sepanyol menindas dan mengabdikan hampir 100,000 orang asli di pulau ini. Dalam tempoh satu abad, kesemua orang asli itu tidak wujud lagi, akibat kesan-kesan gabungan yang terdiri daripada penyakit, kerja paksa, dan pembunuhan kaum. Peneroka-peneroka Sepanyol kemudian membawa masuk abdi-abdi Afrika yang tidak lama kemudian merupakan sebahagian besar penduduk-penduduk di Cuba.
Sejarah
Bibliografi

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Lagas, Jacques 1964 Memorias de un capitán rebelde. Editorial del Pácifico. Santiago, Chile.

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Lihat juga


Pautan luar

Laman web rasmi

* Undang-undang Cuba
* Kanun Jenayah Cuba
* Kanun Pilihan Raya Cuba
* Kanun Keluarga Cuba
* Granma — edisi antarabangsa akhbar Parti Komunis Cuba
* Republik Cuba
* Senarai ahli Majlis Negara
* Prensa Latina — Berita Dunia Cuba
* Agensi Berita Cuba — berita Cuba
* Trabajadores — akhbar Gerakan Kesatuan Sekerja Cuba
Perkara am

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* Sistem politik dan pilihan raya Cuba
* Perlembagaan Cuba
* Nasihat untuk Percutian di Cuba
* Laman web Caribbean Net News – berita harian Caribbean mengenai Cuba
* Hubungan Amerika Syarikat-Cuba: Ikhtisar analisis bagi Dasar, Undang-undang & Peraturan Amerika Syarikat – Kertas Peristiwa (Mac 2005) oleh Dianne E. Rennack dan Mark P. Sullivan daripada Majlis Atlantik Amerika Syarikat
* Maklumat mengenai Cuba – budaya, sejarah, demografi, geografi, agama, dll
* Laman web Real Cuba – laman web anti Castro, dengan gambar dan ulasan
* Pusat Kajian Perniagaan Cuba – Pusat Cuba di Universiti Utara Ohio
* Perpaduan Cuba – kempen British "untuk mempertahankan Cuba dan hak rakyatnya terhadap penentuan diri dan kedaulatan negara" (sebuah laman web yang memihak kerajaan kini)
* Perpaduan Trinidad & Tobago Cuba – kumpulan kempen yang berpusat di Trinidad dan Tobago, dan yang meyokong Cuba dan Revolusi Cuba
* Peta-peta Cuba – peta untuk semua provinsi dan bandar raya utama di Cuba
* Rasa Cuba – masakan Cuba dan foto Havana
* Arrebatus.com – pendapat yang berbeza terhadap Cuba (sembang, video, foto, muat turun)
* CUBANET – laman web anti Castro, termasuk rencana berita daripada wartawan bebas Cuba, serta ikhtisar berita Cuba oleh akhbar-akhbar antarabangsa
* Encuentro en la Red – tapak berita bebas dan budaya mengenai hal-hal Cuba
* Menemui Cuba melalui himpunan foto lama & poskad yang bermutu tinggi dan abadi
* Cuba: Foto-foto orang dan pandangan darat
* Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Kongres (CRS) – laporan mengenai Cuba
* Gambar-gambar Cuba – gambar daripada kesemua 14 provinsi Cuba, termasuk bandar raya Havana
* Paseos por La Habana: Panduan dan maklumat pelancongan Havana – perincian mengenai budaya, sejarah, tradisi, jalan raya, hotel, restoran, dan bar (dalam bahasa Sepanyol)
* Cuba Cultura – pangkalan data mengenai sejarah, budaya dan seni bina Cuba dari Zaman Pra-Columbia hingga Zaman Khas (dalam bahasa Sepanyol)
* Nasihat untuk Pelancongan di Cuba – dengan bahagian kemas kini mengenai bahaya-bahaya pelancongan
* Panduan pautan untuk Cuba. – menemui Cuba melalui himpunan pautan-pautah terisih
* Projek AIDS Cuba – HIV dan AIDS di Cuba
* — Cuba Linda (bahasa Perancis)
* Sepanyol dan orang Sepanyol – pendapat sezaman mengenai pemberontakan Cuba
* UN HDI – Indeks Pembangunan Manusia untuk Cuba daripada PBB
* IFEX – kebebasan bercakap di Cuba daripada IFEX
* Proses pilihan raya di Cuba – demokrasi di Cuba
* Sistem politik dan pilihan raya Cuba
* Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat – Cuba, dari sudut pandangan kerajaan Amerika Syarikat
* Pejabat Kawalan Harta Asing, Perbendaharaan Amerika Syarikat: Sekatan-sekatan Cuba – gambaran keseluruhan Peraturan Kawalan Harta Cuba, Judul 31, Bahagian 515 dalam Kanun Peraturan Persekutuan Amerika Syarikat
* Portal maklumat Cuba – maklumat dalam bahasa Inggeris, Perancis, dan Jerman
* Allinson, Sidney. Pengintip Sejarah Ketenteraan: Ernest Hemingway
* Esei oleh pengarah filem Bye Bye Havana – pemerhatian terpenci mengenai kehidupan di Cuba berdasarkan beberapa temu bual jalan pada 2004
* CubaSolidarity.com – laman web Rangkaian Negara Amerika Syarikat mengenai Cuba; berita, ucapan, maklumat pelancongan, peristiwa, serta senarai laman web Cuba yang meyeluruh
* Laman web Salsa di Cuba
* Cuba Terbalik – sejarah, berita semasa, ulasan, dan sumber
* Bendera-bendera Cuba – wawasan sejarah mengenai bendera-bendera dan lambang-lambang Cuba
* Laman web Kumpulan Rock Around the Blockade – sebuah kumpulan yang berpusat di Britain dan yang membekalkan Revolusi Cuba dengan barang dan perpaduan politik
* Halaman Cuba: Metadirektori Cuba

* Caribbean Net News - (Daily Caribbean news -- Cuba.)
* U.S.-Cuban Relations: An Analytic Compendium of U.S. Policies, Laws & Regulations - Occasional Paper (March 2005) by Dianne E. Rennack and Mark P. Sullivan from the Atlantic Council of the US.
* Information about Cuba — Culture, history, demography, geography, religion, etc.
* Center for Cuban Business Studies — The Cuba Center at Ohio Northern University
* Cuba Solidarity — British campaign for the defence of Cuba and its peoples' right to self-determination and national sovereignty.
* Trinidad & Tobago Cuba Solidarity — a campaigning group, based in Trinidad and Tobago, that supports Cuba and the Cuban Revolution.
* Cuba Maps — Maps of all the provinces of Cuba, and maps of the major cities.
* Cubamusic — All about Cuban music
* CUBANET — An anti-Castro site including news articles from Cuba's independent journalists and a digest of Cuban news by international newspapers
* Encuentro en la Red — Independent news and cultural site on Cuban matters
* Discover Cuba through a collection of old Photos & Vintage Postcards.
* Photos of people and Sights
* Cuba Pictures Photos from all 14 Cuban provinces, plus the city of Havana
* Paseos por La Habana Havana guide (in Spanish) and travel information. Details of culture, history, traditions, routes, hotels, restaurants and bars.
* Cuba Cultura A database of Cuban History, Culture and Architecture from the Pre-Columbian to the Special Period
* Travel Advisories for Cuba Updated section on travel dangers.
* Link guide to Cuba. Discover Cuba through a collection of sorted links.
* Cuba AIDS Project HIV and AIDS in Cuba
* Cuba Linda French site
* Spain and the Spaniard A contemporary opinion of the Cuban uprising
* UN HDI — Human Development Index for Cuba from UN
* IFEX — Freedom of expression in Cuba from IFEX
* The Electoral process in Cuba — Democracy in Cuba
* Cuba's Political and electoral system
* U.S. Department of State — Cuba, from the U.S. government's point of view
* Todo de Cuba Many informations about Cuba
* The Infoportal of Cuba Information in English, French and German
* The Cuban Constitution
* Allinson, Sidney. Military History Undercover: Ernest Hemingway
* Essay by director of film Bye Bye Havana A detailed look at life in Cuba from street interviews in 2004


Kategori:Cuba
Kategori:Republik
Kategori:Negara sosialis
Kategori:Negara komunis
Kategori:Bekas jajahan Sepanyol
Kategori:Negara dan wilayah berbahasa Sepanyol
Kategori:Negara satu parti