中华人民共和国阅兵

中华人民共和国阅兵是由中华人民共和国官方举办的重要阅兵仪式，主要用以纪念各种重大历史事件（特别是中华人民共和国国庆节）。以国庆节阅兵为例：其通常在北京天安门广场举行，主要出席人士在天安门城楼检阅由中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队、中国民兵以及各群众游行方阵组成的队伍。国庆阅兵在1950年至1959年期间每年举办一次，此后国庆阅兵中断，直至自1984年起恢复国庆阅兵并首次在中央电视台向全球直播阅兵实况，自1999年起形成每十年举办一次的传统。
最近一次的国庆阅兵于2019年10月1日在中华人民共和国成立70周年之际举行。除传统上在天安门广场举办的阅兵式之外，中国大陆亦曾在海上举行阅兵，此外还有于2017年在朱日和基地首次举办的实战化阅兵。
概要.
自1950年国庆阅兵以来，北京天安门广场便开始定期举行阅兵仪式，以纪念中华人民共和国正式成立的周年数。现今阅兵每十年举行一次（这一形式始于1999年，旨在纪念建国五十周年），而在此之前，自建国初期起阅兵曾每年举行，直至1959年中国共产党决定以“节约”方式庆祝这一节日。此外，阅兵仪式亦曾于1964年、1966年、1969年、1970年和1984年举行。
直到1959年，在采用苏联式军队国家化传统举行阅兵的年代，阅兵的检阅部分由国防部长负责，该高级职位通常由将军担任（在1984年前由元帅担任，1954年前则由中国人民解放军总司令担任）。阅兵仪式的司仪通常由中共北京市委书记或中共中央政治局委员担任。自1984年以来，阅兵仪式由最高领导人主持，其既以中共中央总书记的政治职务出席，又依党章和宪法履行中央军委主席和全国武装力量最高统帅的职责而率队检阅三军。阅兵总指挥一般为中国人民解放军的高级军官，军衔为中将或少将，通常担任中部战区（及其前身）司令员，或在中央军委现有15个部门中担任高级职务。
阅兵流程.
Opening of the parade.
At 10 a.m. the massed military bands of the People's Liberation Army sound the Welcome March, signifying the official commencement of the ceremony. As the paramount leader arrives, he is joined by the following on the rostrum on the Tiananmen Gate:
In past parades a card stunt display was assembled at the square grounds made up of thousands of young men and women from the capital and from various parts of the country (abolished 2015), while student battalions of the Young Pioneers of China are assembled in the sides of the Massed Bands, led by the Senior Director of Music of the PLA Military Bands Service, made up of around 1,900 male and female bandsmen from the service branches from military bands stationed nationwide. The Pioneer Battalions carry the red battalion colours which can be seen in front of their respective contingents.
The flag raising ceremony follows the arrivals, but unlike the normal ceremony the color guard company, as a 21-gun salute is fired by the gunners of the State Honors Artillery Battery of the Beijing Garrison Command, marches off from the sides of the Monument to the People's Heroes, forms up, and takes its place at the center of the grounds nearest the Massed Bands, with the Flag of China now being placed into the flagpole by the color officer, who has just been given the color from the color guard. The segment was introduced in 1999 as a reenactment of sorts of the raising of the national flag in the square in 1949.
With that concluded and the card stunt now in position, the master of ceremonies gives the announcement on the microphone: "Ladies and gentlemen, please stand for the raising of the national flag and the singing of the National Anthem!" By then, the color officer now orders the salute and the massed bands play the National Anthem March of the Volunteers as the color company presents arms, after the anthem is played the color company orders arms and stands at ease.
Inspection of the parade.
As the armed linemen of the Beijing Capital Garrison take their places, the paramount leader then descends to the grounds of the Tiananmen Gate via the elevator and rides on an open top Hongqi L5 for the inspection segment, with around 4,000 to 16,000 military personnel of the PLA, PAP and militia formations assembled by battalions, as well as the 9,000 strong personnel of the mobile column with around 400-900 vehicles. As he arrives at the front of the gate at the Chang'an Avenue, the parade commander (since 1954 the Commander of the Beijing Military Region and later the Central Theater Command) arrives in a similar limousine to inform the paramount leader of the commencement of the inspection of the parade.
The report done, the paramount leader, as the Massed bands play, then inspects the formations, each of its leaders ordering a salute as he passes by and the battalions each present arms (eyes right for unarmed formations and the port arms when using modern rifles), after which they stand at attention. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion (since 2015 the final company is a women's company) together with its national colour guard unit are the first in line for the inspection segment of the parade.
Following the inspection, the paramount leader returns to the Tiananmen Gate to give the national keynote holiday address, at the same time the commander takes his place in the gate as well and the parade formations are now formed in review order as the mobile column now forms up in addition to the flypast.
In the 2019 parade, the order was reversed, this time the paramount leader gives the opening keynote address before departing from the gate for the parade inspection.
Military parade proper.
The order "Commence the parade!" from the parade commander atop Tiananmen Gate is the signal for the parade formation to march past the gate, wherein the dignitaries are gathered, while the crowds are assembled on the stands around the gate which include veterans of the PLA, Young Pioneers, representatives of state and private businesses and distinguished citizens as well as the civil service and the diplomatic corps and foreign press representatives. As the Massed Bands play the Parade March of the PLA, a special parade version of the Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army, following the fly past of the national and party flags and the flag of the PLA, alongside, in special years, a helicopter formation honoring the number of years of nationhood, the ground column marches first as the General Secretary and other party, state and military leaders take the salute of each of the contingents marching past the saluting stand. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion, including the aforementioned female company, are the first to march past the dignitaries, led by the colour guard carrying the flag of the PLA, which serves as the de facto national colour, alongside the national and party flags that both precede it. Each of the battalions that march past are made up of the following:
Until the parade of 1959, the PLA, PAP and militia marched separately during the parade proper (the militia marched as part of the civil column). Each of the battalions consists of 350 soldiers (14 rows of 25 soldiers) and are led by the battalion commander and the battalion political commissar, who march at the lead of their unit.
A mobile column then follows which is also formed into battalions, but with the command personnel mounted on their vehicles as they render honors. These are made up of the mostly nationally produced military vehicles and equipment in service and being introduced to serve the needs of the modern PLA. A notable unit to serve in the mobile column is the female contingent from the Bethune Medical College, which was introduced to the parade in 1984. Following this column, the flypast of aircraft from the Ground Forces, Navy and Air Force follows suit.
历年阅兵列表.
本表列举中华人民共和国自建国以来历年所举行的重大阅兵仪式。根据中国人民解放军《队列条令》规定，中国大陆的阅兵权限由党和国家领导人、中央军委领导、团级以上的部队军政主官以及经由上述人员授权的其他领导人物执行。