Title: Hepacivirus A

{{Short description|Species of virus}}
{{Virusbox
| image =
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| parent = Hepacivirus
| species = Hepacivirus A
| synonyms =
* Canine hepacivirus
* Non-primate hepacivirus
* Equine hepacivirus
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;2016.010a,bS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Donald B. |display-authors=etal |title=Create 13 new species in the genus ''Hepacivirus'' and rename 1 species (family ''Flaviviridae'') |url=https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2016.010a,bS.A.v2.Hepacivirus_13sp1ren.pdf |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=13 March 2019 |page=3 |language=en |date=23 June 2016 |quote=All other species are named according to the date of publication of a complete coding sequence with the exception of ''Hepacivirus B'' which includes GBV-B (providing a memorable link) and ''Hepacivirus A'' (canine hepacivirus/non-primate hepacivirus).}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision =
}}

'''''Hepacivirus A''''', or '''Canine hepacivirus''' (CHV) or '''Equine hepacivirus''' (EHV), is a [[positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus]] of the genus ''[[Hepacivirus]]''.&lt;ref name=Kapoor2011&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Kapoor A, Simmonds P, Gerold G, Qaisar N, Jain K, Henriquez JA, Firth C, Hirschberg DL, Rice CM, Shields S, Lipkin WI |title=Characterization of a canine homolog of hepatitis C virus |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=108 |issue=28 |pages=11608–13 |year=2011 |pmid=21610165 |pmc=3136326 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1101794108 |bibcode=2011PNAS..10811608K |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; It infects dogs and horses, and causes pulmonary infections in dogs. Unlike the related [[Hepatitis C virus]], it is not known to cause [[hepatitis]] in either host.

==History==
The virus was isolated in 2011 from a number of dogs suffering from respiratory infections.&lt;ref name=Kapoor2011 /&gt; Later, distinct lineages were isolated from horses in different locations.&lt;ref name=pybus /&gt;

==Genome==
As of 2012, the genome has not yet been fully sequenced. The available sequence is about 6,500 [[nucleotide]]s in length. It is predicted to have a [[polyprotein]] that can be cleaved into 10 smaller proteins. There is a '[[slippery sequence]]' – A&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;NNA&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;  – within the genome which may encode a programmed [[frameshift]]. It encodes two [[envelope protein]]s (E1 and E2) as well as [[cysteine]] and [[serine]] [[protease]]s.&lt;ref name=Kapoor2011 /&gt;

The overall [[G+C]] content is 50.7%.&lt;ref name=Kapoor2011 /&gt;

==Evolution==
The virus appears to have evolved from the [[Hepatitis C virus]] between 500 and 1,000 years ago.&lt;ref name=Kapoor2011 /&gt;

The equine lineages (EHV) are more diverse than the canine lineages (CHV), suggesting that the former are ancestral to the latter. CHV appears to have originated in a [[cross-species transmission]] from horses to dogs around 1970. The origin of EHV is not known, but it seems that both EHV and Hepatitis C virus have originated in separate cross-species transmission events from a common source.&lt;ref name=pybus &gt;{{cite web |url=http://evolve.zoo.ox.ac.uk/Evolve/Oliver_Pybus_files/HepacivirusCrossSpeciesTransmission.pdf |title=Hepacivirus cross-species transmission and the origins of the hepatitis C virus |first=Oliver G |last=Pybus |first2=Julien |last2=Thézé |website=evolve.zoo.ox.ac.uk |access-date=December 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205044934/http://evolve.zoo.ox.ac.uk/Evolve/Oliver_Pybus_files/HepacivirusCrossSpeciesTransmission.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-05 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q29006891|from2=Q5032408}}

[[Category:Dog diseases]]
[[Category:Hepaciviruses]]
[[Category:Animal viral diseases]]