Title: Cheyletiella

{{Short description|Genus of mites}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cheyletiella 22.jpg
| image_alt = &quot;Cheyletiella yasguri&quot; (?) from a dog
| image_caption = ''[[Cheyletiella yasguri]]'' (?) from a dog
| taxon = Cheyletiella
| authority = [[Giovanni Canestrini|G. Canestrini]], 1886
| synonyms =
* ''Ewingella''
* ''Bicheyletiella''
| synonyms_ref =
| type_species =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ref = &lt;ref&gt;IRMNG (2018). ''Cheyletiella'' Canestrini, 1885. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=1197277 on 2019-01-14&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision =
* ''[[Cheyletiella blakei]]'' &lt;small&gt;Smiley, 1970&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cheyletiella curvidens]]'' &lt;small&gt;Lawrence, 1948&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cheyletiella ochotonae]]'' &lt;small&gt;Volgin, 1960&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cheyletiella parasitivorax]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Mégnin, 1877)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cheyletiella romerolagi]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Fain, 1972)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cheyletiella strandtmanni]]'' &lt;small&gt;Smiley, 1970&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cheyletiella yasguri]]'' &lt;small&gt;Smiley, 1965&lt;/small&gt;
}}

'''''Cheyletiella''''' is a genus of [[mite]]s that live on the skin surface of [[dog]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid17423097&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Paradis M, Villeneuve A |title=Efficacy of Ivermectin against Cheyletiella yasguri Infestation in Dogs |journal=Can. Vet. J. |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=633–635 |date=August 1988 |pmid=17423097 |pmc=1680781 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[cat]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid17423707&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Scott DW, Paradis M |title=A survey of canine and feline skin disorders seen in a university practice: Small Animal Clinic, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec (1987-1988) |journal=Can. Vet. J. |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=830–835 |date=December 1990 |pmid=17423707 |pmc=1480900 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[rabbit]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid18171479&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Mellgren M, Bergvall K |title=Treatment of rabbit cheyletiellosis with selamectin or ivermectin: a retrospective case study |journal=Acta Vet. Scand. |volume=50 |pages=1 |year=2008 |issue=1 |pmid=18171479 |pmc=2235873 |doi=10.1186/1751-0147-50-1 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The adult mites are about 0.385 millimeters long, have eight legs with combs instead of claws, and have [[pedipalp|palpi]] that end in prominent hooks.&lt;ref name=Mueller&gt;{{cite web | last = Mueller | first = Ralf S. | title = Superficial mites in small animal dermatology | work = Proceedings of the 50° Congresso Nazionale Multisala SCIVAC | year = 2005 | url = http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/scivac/2005/Mueller4_en.pdf?LA=1 | format = PDF | access-date = 2007-02-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  They do not burrow into the skin, but live in the [[keratin]] level.  Their entire 21-day [[biological life cycle|life cycle]] is on one host.  They cannot survive off the host for more than 10 days.&lt;ref name=Griffin_2001&gt;{{cite book|last=Griffin|first=Craig E.|author2=Miller, William H. |author3=Scott, Danny W. |year=2001|title=Small Animal Dermatology|edition=6th|publisher=W.B. Saunders Company|isbn=978-0-7216-7618-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Cheyletiellosis==
'''Cheyletiellosis''' (also known as ''Cheyletiella'' dermatitis),&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fitz2&quot;&gt;Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. {{ISBN|0-07-138076-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; is a mild [[dermatitis]] caused by [[mite]]s of the [[genus]] ''Cheyletiella''.  It is also known as '''walking dandruff''' due to skin scales being carried by the mites.

Cheyletiellosis is seen more commonly in areas where [[flea]]s are less prevalent, because of the decreased use of flea products that are also efficacious for the treatment of this mite.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diagnosing and treating cheyletiellosis|url=https://veterinary-practice.com/article/diagnosing-and-treating-cheyletiellosis|access-date=2021-01-06|website=veterinary-practice.com|date=5 May 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cheyletiellosis is highly contagious.  Transmission is by direct contact with an affected animal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

===Presentation===
Symptoms in animals vary from no signs to intense itching, scales on the skin, and hair loss.  The lesions are usually on the [[dorsum (biology)|back]] of the animal.  Symptoms in humans include multiple red, itchy bumps on the arms, trunk, and buttocks.  Because humans are not a host for the mite, the symptoms usually go away in about three weeks. Though the medical community does not consider a human mite infestation a legitimate diagnosis, it will treat the symptoms if necessary.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

===Diagnosis===
Diagnosis is by finding the mites or eggs microscopically in a skin scraping, combing, or on acetate tape applied to the skin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

===Treatment===
The most common treatment in animals is weekly use of some form of topical [[pesticide]] appropriate for the affected animal, often an anti[[flea]] product.  [[Fipronil]] works well, especially in cats.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Scarampella F, Pollmeier M, Visser M, Boeckh A, Jeannin P |title=Efficacy of fipronil in the treatment of feline cheyletiellosis |journal=Vet Parasitol |volume=129 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–9 |year=2005 |pmid=15845289 |doi=10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.02.008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cats can also be treated with a lime sulfur insecticide dip or a shampoo with non-pyrethrin insecticide for two weeks beyond the conclusion of symptoms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Cat Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook|last=Eldredge|first=Debra M.|publisher=Howell Book House|year=2008|pages=142}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In unresponsive cases, [[ivermectin]] is used.&lt;ref name=Griffin_2001/&gt;  [[Selamectin]] is also recommended for treatment.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Ihrke | first = Peter J. | title = New Approaches to Common Canine Ectoparasites | work = Proceedings of the 31st World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association | year = 2006 | format = PDF | url = http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/wsava/2006/lecture6/Ihrke2.pdf?LA=1 | access-date = 2007-02-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  None of these products are approved for treatment of cheyletiellosis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Mange in Dogs and Cats | work = The Merck Veterinary Manual | year = 2006 | url = http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/72005.htm | access-date = 2007-02-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Other pets in the same household should also be treated, and the house or kennel must be treated with an environmental [[flea]] spray.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Jeromin | first = Alice | title = Cheyletiella: The under-diagnosed mite | journal = DVM | pages = 8S–9S |date=August 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Species==
* ''[[Cheyletiella blakei]]'' &lt;small&gt;Smiley, 1970&lt;/small&gt; — infests cats (''[[Felis catus]]''), USA (Washington DC)
* ''[[Cheyletiella parasitivorax]]''  — infests rabbits (''[[Oryctolagus cuniculus]]''),&lt;ref name=Griffin_2001/&gt; France
* ''[[Cheyletiella romerolagi]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Fain, 1972)&lt;/small&gt; — infests ''[[Romerolagus diazi]]'', USA (New York)
* ''[[Cheyletiella strandtmanni]]''  &lt;small&gt;Smiley, 1970&lt;/small&gt; — infests hares (''[[Hare|Lepus]]'' spp.), Taiwan
* ''[[Cheyletiella yasguri]]'' &lt;small&gt;Smiley, 1965&lt;/small&gt; — infests dogs

''C. yasguri'' and ''C. blakei'' can transiently affect humans.&lt;ref name=Mueller/&gt;

== See also ==
* [[List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions]]
* [[Mange]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons}}

{{Mite-related diseases and infestations}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1071446}}

[[Category:Trombidiformes genera]]
[[Category:Parasitic acari]]
[[Category:Parasites of dogs]]
[[Category:Parasites of cats]]
[[Category:Parasitic arthropods of humans]]
[[Category:Veterinary entomology]]
[[Category:Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin]]
[[Category:Cat diseases]]