Title: Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1

{{Short description|Species of virus}}
{{Virusbox
| image = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = 
| parent = Bocaparvovirus
| species = Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1
| synonyms = ''Canine minute virus''
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: ''Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1'' |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=20184242 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=9 January 2019 |language=en }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1''''', formerly '''''Canine minute virus''''' (or '''minute virus of canines'''; '''MVC''') is a species of ''[[Bocaparvovirus]]'' of the family ''[[Parvoviridae]]'' that infects [[dog]]s. It is similar to ''[[bovine parvovirus]]'' in its [[protein]] structure and [[DNA]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwartz D, Green B, Carmichael L, Parrish C |title=The canine minute virus (minute virus of canines) is a distinct parvovirus that is most similar to bovine parvovirus |journal=Virology |volume=302 |issue=2 |pages=219–23 |year=2002 |pmid=12441065 |doi=10.1006/viro.2002.1674|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A virus causing respiratory disease in humans has been called ''[[human bocavirus]]'' due to its similarity to these viruses.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=McIntosh K |title=Human bocavirus: developing evidence for pathogenicity |journal=J Infect Dis |volume=194 |issue=9 |pages=1197–9 |year=2006 |pmid=17041844 |doi=10.1086/508228|pmc=7109811 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Canine minute virus was originally discovered in Germany in 1967 in military dogs,&lt;ref name=Carmichael&gt;{{cite web|author=Carmichael, L.|year=2004|title=Neonatal Viral Infections of Pups: Canine Herpesvirus and Minute Virus of Canines (Canine Parvovirus-1)|work=Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases|url=http://www.ivis.org/advances/Infect_Dis_Carmichael/carmichael/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1|access-date=2006-06-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818090931/http://www.ivis.org/advances/Infect_Dis_Carmichael/carmichael/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1|archive-date=2006-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; although it was originally thought to not cause disease. Dogs and puppies are infected orally, and the virus is spread transplacentally to the fetuses. Symptoms are seen most commonly between the ages of one and three weeks&lt;ref name=Carmichael/&gt; and include severe [[diarrhea]], difficulty breathing, and [[anorexia (symptom)|anorexia]]. In severe cases, illness can be fatal.

In experimental infections, the virus is spread transplacentally when the [[mother|dam]] is infected between 25 and 30 days of gestation and can result in abortion. When the dam is infected between 30 and 35 days, the puppies were sometimes born with [[myocarditis]] and [[anasarca]].&lt;ref name=Carmichael/&gt; [[Pathology|Pathological]] lesions in fetuses in experimental infections were found in the [[lung]] and [[small intestine]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Hashimoto A|year=1999|title=Canine parvovirus type-1 (MVC): Pathomorphological studies on the experimentally infected fetus and MVC-infected cultured cells|work=Canine Infectious Diseases: From Clinics to Molecular Pathogenesis|url=http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/Baker_Can_Inf_Dis/vdb31/d31_frm.asp|access-date=2007-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309031221/http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/Baker_Can_Inf_Dis/vdb31/d31_frm.asp|archive-date=2005-03-09|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Virology==
The genome is 5.4 kilobases in length, with palindromic termini. A single P6 promoter, through the mechanisms of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, directs the transcription of two non-structural proteins (NS1 and NP1) and two capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2). The NS1 protein is essential for genome replication. The NP1 protein, unique to the ''Bocaparvovirus'' genus, appears to be critical for optimal viral replication, as the NP1-knockout mutant of MVC exhibits severe impairment in replication.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q18907848|from2=Q5032416}}

[[Category:Animal viral diseases]]
[[Category:Dog diseases]]
[[Category:Parvovirinae]]