Title: Bladder cancer in cats and dogs

'''Bladder cancer in cats and dogs''' usually is [[transitional cell carcinoma]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Lipscomb 2011&quot; /&gt; which arises from the epithelial cells that line the bladder.  Less often, [[cancer]] of the [[urinary bladder]] is [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[adenocarcinoma]], or [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].

==Signs and symptoms==
The most frequent symptoms of transitional cell carcinoma are blood in the urine, painful urination, frequent urination and/or straining to urinate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lipscomb 2011&quot; /&gt; This can look very similar to an infection of the urinary system.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lipscomb 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lipscomb|first1=Victoria J.|editor1-last=Tobias|editor1-first=Karen M.|editor2-last=Johnston|editor2-first=Spencer A.|title=Veterinary Surgery|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|location=London|isbn=9780323263375|pages=1990–1992|chapter=Section XI Urogenital system. Chapter 116 Bladder. Bladder neoplasia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Diagnosis==
Diagnostic tests typically include complete blood tests, urinalysis, urine culture, X-rays of the abdomen and chest, and bladder imaging. The definitive diagnosis of bladder cancer will require a tissue [[biopsy]] and subsequent examination of the cells under the microscope.&lt;ref name=MacEwan_2001&gt;{{cite book|veditors=Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG |title=Small Animal Clinical Oncology|edition=3rd|publisher=W.B. Saunders Company |year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Treatment==
Because most bladder cancers are invasive into the bladder wall, surgical removal is usually not possible. The majority of transitional cell carcinomas are treated with either traditional [[chemotherapy]] or [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s.

==Epidemiology==
Compared to other breeds of dog, [[Scottish terrier]]s have a much increased [[risk factor|risk]] of developing transitional cell carcinoma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Acierno 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Acierno|first1=Mark J.|editor1-last=Schaer|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=Gaschen|editor2-first=F|title=Clinical medicine of the dog and cat|date=2016|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4822-2607-2|pages=501–503|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 12 Nephrology/urology. Tumours of the lower urinary tract}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Types of animal cancers]]
[[Category:Cancer in dogs]]
[[Category:Cancer in cats]]
[[Category:Bladder cancer]]