JUSTBangladesh/legal_constitution_json_en huggingface dataset:
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Freedom of assembly
37. Every citizen shall have the right to assemble and to participate in public meetings and processions peacefully and without arms, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of public order or public health.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Freedom of association
38.  Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of morality or public order : Provided that no person shall have the right to form, or be a member of the said association or union, if —
38.  Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of morality or public order : Provided that no person shall have the right to form, or be a member of the said association or union, if — (a) it is formed for the purposes of destroying the religious, social and communal harmony among the citizens ;
38.  Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of morality or public order : Provided that no person shall have the right to form, or be a member of the said association or union, if — (b) it is formed for the purposes of creating discrimination among the citizens, on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or language ;
38.  Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of morality or public order : Provided that no person shall have the right to form, or be a member of the said association or union, if — (c) it is formed for the purposes of organizing terrorist acts or militant activities against the State or the citizens or any other country ;
38.  Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of morality or public order : Provided that no person shall have the right to form, or be a member of the said association or union, if — (d) its formation and objects are inconsistent with the Constitution;
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Freedom of thought and conscience, and of speech
39. (1) Freedom of thought and conscience is guaranteed.
39. (2) Subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence– —
39. (2) Subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence– — (a) the right of every citizen to freedom of speech and expression; and;
39. (2) Subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence– — (b) freedom of the press, are guaranteed;
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Freedom of profession or occupation
40. Subject to any restrictions imposed by law, every citizen possessing such qualifications, if any, as may be prescribed by law in relation to his profession, occupation, trade or business shall have the right to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation, and to conduct any lawful trade or business.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Freedom of religion
41. (1) Subject to law, public order and morality – —
41. (1) Subject to law, public order and morality – — (a) every citizen has the right to profess, practise or propagate any religion;
41. (1) Subject to law, public order and morality – — (b) every religious community or denomination has the right to establish, maintain and manage its religious institutions;
41. (2) No person attending any educational institution shall be required to receive religious instruction, or to take part in or to attend any religious ceremony or worship, if that instruction, ceremony or worship relates to a religion other than his own.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Rights to property
42. (1) Subject to any restrictions imposed by law, every citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold, transfer or otherwise dispose of property, and no property shall be compulsorily acquired, nationalised or requisitioned save by authority of law. 1 [
42. (2) A law made under clause (1) of this article shall provide for the acquisition, nationalisation or requisition with compensation and shall fix the amount of compensation or specify the principles on which, and the manner in which, the compensation is to be assessed and paid ; but no such law shall be called in question in any court on the ground that any provision of the law in respect of such compensation is not adequate.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Protection of home and correspondence
43.  Every citizen shall have the right, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, public order, public morality or public health – —
43.  Every citizen shall have the right, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, public order, public morality or public health – — (a) to be secured in his home against entry, search and seizure; and;
43.  Every citizen shall have the right, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, public order, public morality or public health – — (b) to the privacy of his correspondence and other means of communication;
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Enforcement of fundamental rights
44. (1) The right to move the High Court Division in accordance with clause (1) of article 102, for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed.
44. (2) Without prejudice to the powers of the High Court Division under article 102, Parliament may by law empower any other court, within the local limits of its jurisdiction, to exercise all or any of those powers.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Modification of rights in respect of disciplinary law
45. Nothing in this Part shall apply to any provision of a disciplinary law relating to members of a disciplined force, being a provision limited to the purpose of ensuring the proper discharge of their duties or the maintenance of discipline in that force.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS — Power to provide indemnity
46. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law make provision for indemnifying any person in the service of the Republic or any other person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the national liberation struggle or the maintenance or restoration of order in any area in Bangladesh or validate any sentence passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture ordered, or other act done in any such area.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — The President
48. (1) There shall be a President of Bangladesh who shall be elected by members of Parliament in accordance with law.
48. (2) The President shall, as Head of State, take precedence over all other persons in the State, and shall exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred and imposed on him by this Constitution and by any other law.
48. (3) In the exercise of all his functions, save only that of appointing the Prime Minister pursuant to clause (3) of article 56 and the Chief Justice pursuant to clause (1) of article 95, the President shall act in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister: Provided that the question whether any, and if so what, advice has been tendered by the Prime Minister to the President shall not be enquired into in any court.
48. (4) A person shall not be qualified for election as President if he – —
48. (4) A person shall not be qualified for election as President if he – — (a) is less than thirty five years of age; or;
48. (4) A person shall not be qualified for election as President if he – — (b) is not qualified for election as a member of Parliament; or;
48. (4) A person shall not be qualified for election as President if he – — (c) has been removed from the office of President by impeachment under this Constitution;
48. (5) The Prime Minister shall keep the President informed on matters of domestic and foreign policy, and submit for the consideration of the Cabinet any matter which the President may request him to refer to it.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — Prerogative of mercy
49. The President shall have power to grant pardons, reprieves and respites and to remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other authority.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — Term of office of President
50. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the President shall hold office for a term of five years form the date on which he enters upon his office: Provided that notwithstanding the expiration of his term the President shall continue to hold office until his successor enters upon office.
50. (2) No person shall hold office as President for more than two terms, whether or not the terms are consecutive.
50. (3) The President may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker.
50. (4) The President during his term of office shall not be qualified for election as a member of Parliament, and if a member of Parliament is elected as President he shall vacate his seat in Parliament on the day on which he enters upon his office as President.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — President's immunity
51. (1) Without prejudice to the provisions of article 52, the President shall not be answerable in any court for anything done or omitted by him in the exercise or purported exercise of the functions of his office, but this clause shall not prejudice the right of any person to take proceedings against the Government.
51. (2) During his term of office no criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President in, and no process for his arrest or imprisonment shall issue from, any court.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — Impeachment of the President
52. (1) The President may be impeached on a charge of violating this Constitution or of grave misconduct, preferred by a notice of motion signed by a majority of the total number of members of Parliament and delivered to the Speaker, setting out the particulars of the charge, and the motion shall not be debated earlier than fourteen nor later than thirty days after the notice is so delivered; and the Speaker shall forthwith summon Parliament if it is not in session.
52. (2) The conduct of the President may be referred by Parliament to any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by Parliament for the investigation of charge under this article.
52. (3) The President shall have the right to appear and to be represented during the consideration of the charge.
52. (4) If after the consideration of the charge a resolution is passed by Parliament by the votes of not less than two thirds of the total number of members declaring that the charge has been substantiated, the President shall vacate his office on the date on which the resolution is passed.
52. (5) Where the Speaker is exercising the functions of the President under article 54 the provisions of this article shall apply subject to the modifications that the reference to the Speaker in clause (1) shall be construed as a reference to the Deputy Speaker, and that the reference in clause (4) to the vacation by the President of his office shall be construed as a reference to the vacation by the Speaker of his office as Speaker; and on the passing of a resolution such as is referred to in clause (4) the Speaker shall cease to exercise the functions of President.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — Removal of President on ground of incapacity
53. (1) The President may be removed from office on the ground of physical or mental incapacity on a motion of which notice, signed by a majority of the total number of members of Parliament, is delivered to the Speaker, setting out particulars of the alleged incapacity.
53. (2) On receipt of the notice the Speaker shall forthwith summon Parliament if it is not in session and shall call for a resolution constituting a medical board (hereinafter in this article called “the Board”), and upon the necessary motion being made and carried shall forthwith cause a copy of the notice to be transmitted to the President together with a request signed by the Speaker that the President submit himself within a period of ten days from the date of the request to an examination by the Board.
53. (3) The motion for removal shall not be put to the vote earlier than fourteen nor later than thirty days after notice of the motion is delivered to the Speaker, and if it is again necessary to summon Parliament in order to enable the motion to be made within that period, the Speaker shall summon Parliament.
53. (4) The President shall have the right to appear and to be represented during the consideration of the motion.
53. (5) If the President has not submitted himself to an examination by the Board before the motion is made in Parliament, the motion may be put to the vote, and if it is passed by the votes of not less than two thirds of the total number of members of Parliament, the President shall vacate his office on the date on which the motion is passed.
53. (6) If before the motion for removal is made in Parliament, the President has submitted himself to an examination by the Board, the motion shall not be put to the vote until the Board has been given an opportunity of reporting its opinion to Parliament.
53. (7) If after consideration by Parliament of the motion and of the report of the Board (which shall be submitted within seven days of the examination held pursuant to clause (2) and if not so submitted shall be dispensed with) the motion is passed by the votes of not less than two thirds of the total number of members of Parliament, the President shall vacate his office on the date on which the resolution is passed.
4Chapter I: THE PRESIDENT — Speaker to act as President during absence, etc.
54. If a vacancy occurs in the office of President or if the President is unable to discharge the functions of his office on account of absence, illness or any other cause the Speaker shall discharge those functions until a President is elected or until the President resumes the functions of his office, as the case may be.
Chapter II: THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CABINET — The Cabinet
55. (1) There shall be a Cabinet for Bangladesh having the Prime Minister at its head and comprising also such other Ministers as the Prime Minister may from time to time designate.
55. (2) The executive power of the Republic shall, in accordance with this Constitution, be exercised by or on the authority of the Prime Minister.
55. (3) The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to Parliament.
55. (4) All executive actions of the Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President.
55. (5) The President shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other instruments made in his name shall be attested or authenticated, and the validity of any order or instrument so attested or authenticated shall not be questioned in any court on the ground that it was not duly made or executed.
55. (6) The President shall make rules for the allocation and transaction of the business of the Government.
Chapter II: THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CABINET — Ministers
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Chapter II: THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CABINET — Tenure of office of Prime Minister
57. (1) The office of the Prime Minister shall become vacant– —
57. (1) The office of the Prime Minister shall become vacant– — (a) if he resigns from office at any time by placing his resignation in the hands of the President; or;
57. (1) The office of the Prime Minister shall become vacant– — (b) if he ceases to be a member of Parliament;
57. (2) If the Prime Minister ceases to retain the support of a majority of the members of Parliament, he shall either resign his office or advise the President in writing to dissolve Parliament, and if he so advises the President shall, if he is satisfied that no other member of Parliament commands the support of the majority of the members of Parliament, dissolve Parliament accordingly.
57. (3) Nothing in this article shall disqualify Prime Minister for holding office until his successor has entered upon office.
Chapter II: THE PRIME MINISTER AND THE CABINET — [OMITTED]
58. ***
58. (1) The office of a Minister other than the Prime Minister shall become vacant – —
58. (1) The office of a Minister other than the Prime Minister shall become vacant – — (a) if he resigns from office by placing his resignation in the hands of the Prime Minister for submission to the President;
58. (1) The office of a Minister other than the Prime Minister shall become vacant – — (b) if he ceases to be a member of Parliament, but this shall not be applicable to a Minister chosen under the proviso to article 56;
58. (2) —
58. (2) — (c) if the President, pursuant to the provisions of clause (2), so directs; or;
58. (2) — (d) as provided in clause (4). (2) The Prime Minister may at any time request a Minister to resign, and if such Minister fails to comply with the request, may advise the President to terminate the appointment of such Minister;
58. (3) Nothing in sub clauses —
58. (3) Nothing in sub clauses — (a) ;
58. (3) Nothing in sub clauses — (b) and;
58. (3) Nothing in sub clauses — (d) of clause (1) shall disqualify a Minister for holding office during any period in which Parliament stands dissolved;
58. (4) If the Prime Minister resigns from or ceases to hold office each of the other Ministers shall be deemed also to have resigned from office but shall, subject to the provisions of this Chapter, continue to hold office until his successor has entered upon office.
58. (5) In this article “Minister” includes Minister of State and Deputy Minister.
Chapter III: LOCAL GOVERNMENT — Local government
59. (1) Local government in every administrative unit of the Republic shall be entrusted to bodies, composed of persons elected in accordance with law.
59. (2) Everybody such as is referred to in clause (1) shall, subject to this Constitution and any other law, perform within the appropriate administrative unit such functions as shall be prescribed by Act of Parliament, which may include functions relating to – —
59. (2) Everybody such as is referred to in clause (1) shall, subject to this Constitution and any other law, perform within the appropriate administrative unit such functions as shall be prescribed by Act of Parliament, which may include functions relating to – — (a) administration and the work of public officers;
59. (2) Everybody such as is referred to in clause (1) shall, subject to this Constitution and any other law, perform within the appropriate administrative unit such functions as shall be prescribed by Act of Parliament, which may include functions relating to – — (b) the maintenance of public order;
59. (2) Everybody such as is referred to in clause (1) shall, subject to this Constitution and any other law, perform within the appropriate administrative unit such functions as shall be prescribed by Act of Parliament, which may include functions relating to – — (c) the preparation and implementation of plans relating to public services and economic development;
Chapter III: LOCAL GOVERNMENT — Powers of local  government bodies
60. For the purpose of giving full effect to the provisions of article 59 Parliament shall, by law, confer powers on the local government bodies referred to in that article, including power to impose taxes for local purposes, to prepare their budgets and to maintain funds.
Chapter IV: THE DEFENCE SERVICES — Supreme command
61. The supreme command of the defence services of Bangladesh shall vest in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.
Chapter IV: THE DEFENCE SERVICES — Recruitment, etc., of defence services
62. (1) Parliament shall by law provide for regulating – —
62. (1) Parliament shall by law provide for regulating – — (a) the raising and maintaining of the defence services of Bangladesh and of their reserves;
62. (1) Parliament shall by law provide for regulating – — (b) the grant of commissions therein;
62. (1) Parliament shall by law provide for regulating – — (c) the appointment of chiefs of staff of the defence services, and their salaries and allowances ; and;
62. (1) Parliament shall by law provide for regulating – — (d) the discipline and other matters relating to those services and reserves;
62. (2) Until Parliament by law provides for the matters specified in clause (1) the President may, by order, provide for such of them as are not already subject to existing law.
Chapter IV: THE DEFENCE SERVICES — War
63. (1) War shall not be declared and the Republic shall not participate in any war except with the assent of Parliament. 1 [* * *
Chapter V: THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL — The Attorney-General
64. (1) The President shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court to be Attorney-General for Bangladesh.
64. (2) The Attorney-General shall perform such duties as may be assigned to him by the President.
64. (3) In the performance of his duties, the Attorney-General shall have the right of audience in all courts of Bangladesh.
64. (4) The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President, and shall receive such remuneration as the President may determine.
Chapter I: PARLIAMENT — Establishment of Parliament
65. (1) There shall be a Parliament for Bangladesh (to be known as the House of the Nation) in which, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, shall be vested the legislative powers of the Republic: Provided that nothing in this clause shall prevent Parliament from delegating to any person or authority, by Act of Parliament, power to make orders, rules, regulations, bye laws or other instruments having legislative effect.
65. (2) Parliament shall consist of three hundred members to be elected in accordance with law from single territorial constituencies by direct election and, for so long as clause
65. (3) is effective, the members provided for in that clause; the members shall be designated as Members of Parliament. 1 (3) Until the dissolution of Parliament occurring next after the expiration of the period of twenty five years beginning from the date of the first meeting of the Parliament next after the Parliament in existence at the time of the commencement of the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2018, there shall be reserved fifty seats exclusively for women members and they will be elected by the aforesaid members in accordance with law on the basis of procedure of proportional representation in the Parliament through single transferable vote : Provided that nothing in this clause shall be deemed to prevent a woman from being elected to any of the seats provided for in clause (2) of this article. 2 (3A) For the remaining period of the Parliament in existence at the time of the commencement of the Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 2011, Parliament shall consist of three hundred members elected by direct election provided for in clause (2) and fifty women members provided for in clause (3).
65. (4) The seat of Parliament shall be in the capital.