JUSTBangladesh/legal_constitution_json_en huggingface dataset:
Chapter II: SUBORDINATE COURTS — Control and discipline of subordinate courts
116. The control (including the power of posting, promotion and grant of leave) and discipline of persons employed in the judicial service and magistrates exercising judicial functions shall vest in the President and shall be exercised by him in consultation with the Supreme Court.
116. Subject to provisions of the Constitution, all persons employed in the judicial service and all magistrates shall be independent in the exercise of their judicial functions.
Chapter III: ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS — Administrative tribunals
117. (1) Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, Parliament may by law establish one or more administrative tribunals to exercise jurisdiction in respect of matters relating to or arising out of – —
117. (1) Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, Parliament may by law establish one or more administrative tribunals to exercise jurisdiction in respect of matters relating to or arising out of – — (a) the terms and conditions of persons in the service of the Republic, including the matters provided for in Part IX and the award of penalties or punishments;
117. (1) Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, Parliament may by law establish one or more administrative tribunals to exercise jurisdiction in respect of matters relating to or arising out of – — (b) the acquisition, administration, management and disposal of any property vested in or managed by the Government by or under any law, including the operation and management of, and service in any nationalised enterprise or statutory public authority; 1;
117. (1) Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, Parliament may by law establish one or more administrative tribunals to exercise jurisdiction in respect of matters relating to or arising out of – — (c) any law to which clause (3) of article 102 applies;
117. (2) Where any administrative tribunal is established under this article, no court shall entertain any proceedings or make any order in respect of any matter falling within the jurisdiction of such tribunal: Provided that Parliament may, by law, provide for appeals from, or the review of, decisions of any such tribunal.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Establishment of Election Commission
118. (1) There shall be an Election Commission for Bangladesh consisting of 1 the Chief Election Commissioner and not more than four Election Commissioners and the appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (if any) shall, subject to the provisions of any law made in that behalf, be made by the President.
118. (2) When the Election Commission consists of more than one person, the Chief Election Commissioner shall act as the chairman thereof.
118. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution the term of office of an Election Commissioner shall be five years from the date on which he enters upon his office, and – —
118. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution the term of office of an Election Commissioner shall be five years from the date on which he enters upon his office, and – — (a) a person who has held office as Chief Election Commissioner shall not be eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic;
118. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution the term of office of an Election Commissioner shall be five years from the date on which he enters upon his office, and – — (b) any other Election Commissioner shall, on ceasing to hold office as such, be eligible for appointment as Chief Election Commissioner but shall not be otherwise eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic;
118. (4) The Election Commission shall be independent in the exercise of its functions and subject only to this Constitution and any other law.
118. (5) Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, the conditions of service of Election Commissioners shall be such as the President may, by order, determine: Provided that an Election Commissioner shall not be removed from his office except in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the 2 Supreme Court.
118. (6) An Election Commissioner may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the President.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Functions of Election Commission
119. (1) 1  The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for elections to the office of President and to Parliament and the conduct of such elections shall vest in the Election Commission which shall, in accordance with this Constitution and any other law – —
119. (1) 1  The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for elections to the office of President and to Parliament and the conduct of such elections shall vest in the Election Commission which shall, in accordance with this Constitution and any other law – — (a) hold elections to the office of President;
119. (1) 1  The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for elections to the office of President and to Parliament and the conduct of such elections shall vest in the Election Commission which shall, in accordance with this Constitution and any other law – — (b) hold elections of members of Parliament;
119. (1) 1  The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for elections to the office of President and to Parliament and the conduct of such elections shall vest in the Election Commission which shall, in accordance with this Constitution and any other law – — (c) delimit the constituencies for the purpose of elections to Parliament ; and;
119. (1) 1  The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for elections to the office of President and to Parliament and the conduct of such elections shall vest in the Election Commission which shall, in accordance with this Constitution and any other law – — (d) prepare electoral rolls for the purpose of elections to the office of President and to Parliament;
119. (2) The Election Commission shall perform such functions, in addition to those specified in the foregoing clauses, as may be prescribed by this Constitution or by any other law.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Staff of Election Commission
120. The President shall, when so requested by the Election Commission, make available to it such staff as may be necessary for the discharge of its functions under this Part.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Single electoral roll for each constituency
121. There shall be one electoral roll for each constituency for the purposes of elections to Parliament, and no special electoral roll shall be prepared so as to classify electors according to religion, race, caste or sex.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Qualifications for registration as voter
122. (1) The elections 1 * * *  to Parliament shall be on the basis of adult franchise.
122. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited for the purpose of election to the Parliament, if he —
122. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited for the purpose of election to the Parliament, if he — (a) is a citizen of Bangladesh;
122. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited for the purpose of election to the Parliament, if he — (b) is not less than eighteen years of age; 2;
122. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited for the purpose of election to the Parliament, if he — (c) does not stand declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind ;
122. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited for the purpose of election to the Parliament, if he — (d) is or is deemed by law to be a resident of that constituency ; and;
122. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited for the purpose of election to the Parliament, if he — (e) has not been convicted of any offence under the Bangladesh Collaborators (Special Tribunals) Order, 1972 . 3 [* * *;
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Time for holding elections
123. (1) 1  In the case of a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of the expiration of his term of office an election to fill the vacancy shall be held within the period of ninety to sixty days prior to the date of expiration of the term: Provided that if the term expires before the dissolution of the Parliament by members of which he was elected the election to fill the vacancy shall not be held until after the next general election of members of Parliament, but shall be held within thirty days after the first sitting of Parliament following such general election.
123. (2) In the case of a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of the death, resignation or removal of the President, an election to fill the vacancy shall be held within the period of ninety days after the occurrence of the vacancy. 2
123. (3) A general election of the members of Parliament shall be held —
123. (3) A general election of the members of Parliament shall be held — (a) in the case of a dissolution by reason of the expiration of its term, within the period of ninety days preceding such dissolution ; and;
123. (3) A general election of the members of Parliament shall be held — (b) in the case of a dissolution otherwise than by reason of such expiration, within ninety days after such dissolution : Provided that the persons elected at a general election under sub-clause (a) shall not assume office as members of Parliament except after the expiration of the term referred to therein;
123. (4) An election to fill the seat of a member of Parliament which falls vacant otherwise than by reason of the dissolution of Parliament shall be held within ninety days of the occurrence of the vacancy 3 [: Provided that in a case where, in the opinion of the Chief Election Commissioner, it is not possible, for reasons of an act of God, to hold such election within the period specified in this clause, such election shall be held within ninety days following next after the last day of such period.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Parliament may make provision as to elections
124. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may by law make provision with respect to all matters relating to or in connection with elections to Parliament, including the delimitation of constituencies, the preparation of electoral rolls, the holding of elections, and all other matters necessary for securing the due Constitution of Parliament.
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Validity of election law and elections
125.  Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution – —
125.  Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution – — (a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies, or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 124, shall not be called in question in any court;
125.  Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution – — (b) no election to the 1 office of President 2 [* * *] or to Parliament shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as may be provided for by or under any law made by Parliament. 3 [;
125.  Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution – — (c) A court shall not pass any order or direction, ad interim or otherwise, in relation to an election for which schedule has been announced, unless the Election Commission has been given reasonable notice and an opportunity of being heard;
Part VII: ELECTIONS — Executive authorities to assist Election Commission
126. It shall be the duty of all executive authorities to assist the Election Commission in the discharge of its functions.
Part VIII: THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL — Establishment of office of Auditor-General
127. (1) There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor General of Bangladesh (hereinafter referred to as the Auditor General) who shall be appointed by the President.
127. (2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and of any law made by Parliament, the conditions of service of the Auditor General shall be such as the President may, by order, determine.
Part VIII: THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL — Functions of Auditor-General
128. (1) The public accounts of the Republic and of all courts of law and all authorities and officers of the Government shall be audited and reported on by the Auditor General and for that purpose he or any person authorised by him in that behalf shall have access to all records, books, vouchers, documents, cash, stamps, securities, stores or other government property in the possession of any person in the service of the Republic.
128. (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of clause (1), if it is prescribed by law in the case of any body corporate directly established by law, the accounts of that body corporate shall be audited and reported on by such person as may be so prescribed.
128. (3) Parliament may by law require the Auditor General to exercise such functions, in addition to those specified in clause (1), as such law may prescribe, and until provision is made by law under this clause the President may, by order, make such provision.
128. (4) The Auditor General, in the exercise of his functions under clause (1), shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority.
Part VIII: THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL — Term of office of Auditor-General
129. (1) 1  The Auditor-General shall, subject to the provisions of this article, hold office for five years from the date on which he entered upon his office, or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier.
129. (2) The Auditor General shall not be removed from his office except in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the 2 Supreme Court.
129. (3) The Auditor General may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the President.
129. (4) On ceasing to hold office the Auditor General shall not be eligible for further office in the service of the Republic.
Part VIII: THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL — Acting Auditor-General
130. At any time when the office of Auditor General is vacant, or the President is satisfied that the Auditor General is unable to perform his functions on account of absence, illness or any other cause, the President may appoint a person to act as Auditor General and to perform the functions of that office until an appointment is made under article 127 or, as the case may be, until the Auditor General resumes the functions of his office.
Part VIII: THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL — Form and manner of keeping public accounts
131. The public accounts of the Republic shall be kept in such form and in such manner as the Auditor General may, with the approval of the President, prescribe.
Part VIII: THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL — Reports of Auditor General to be laid before Parliament
132. The reports of the Auditor General relating to the public accounts of the Republic shall be submitted to the President, who shall cause them to be laid before Parliament.
Chapter I: SERVICES — Appointment and conditions of service
133. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution Parliament may by law regulate the appointment and conditions of service of persons in the service of the Republic: Provided that it shall be competent for the President to make rules regulating the appointment and the conditions of service of such persons until provision in that behalf is made by or under any law, and rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such law.
Chapter I: SERVICES — Tenure of office
134. Except as otherwise provided by this Constitution every person in the service of the Republic shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.
Chapter I: SERVICES — Dismissal, etc. of civilian public officers
135. (1) No person who holds any civil post in the service of the Republic shall be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.
135. (2) No such person shall be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank until he has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause why that action should not be taken: Provided that this clause shall not apply – —
135. (2) No such person shall be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank until he has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause why that action should not be taken: Provided that this clause shall not apply – — (i) where a person is dismissed or removed or reduced in rank on the ground of conduct which has led to his conviction of a criminal offence; or (ii) where the authority empowered to dismiss or remove a person or to reduce him in rank is satisfied that, for a reason recorded by that authority in writing, it is not reasonably practicable to give that person an opportunity of showing cause; or (iii) where the President is satisfied that in the interests of the security of the State it is not expedient to give that person such an opportunity;
135. (3) If in respect of such a person the question arises whether it is reasonably practicable to give him an opportunity to show cause in accordance with clause (2), the decision thereon of the authority empowered to dismiss or remove such person or to reduce him in rank shall be final.
135. (4) Where a person is employed in the service of the Republic under a written contract and that contract is terminated by due notice in accordance with its terms, he shall not, by reason thereof, be regarded as removed from office for the purposes of this article.
Chapter I: SERVICES — Reorganisation of service
136. Provision may be made by law for the reorganisation of the service of the Republic by the creation, amalgamation or unification of services and such law may vary or revoke any condition of service of a person employed in the service of the Republic.
Chapter II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS — Establishment of commissions
137. Provision shall be made by law for establishing one or more public service commissions for Bangladesh, each of which shall consist of a chairman and such other members as shall be prescribed by law.
Chapter II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS — Appointment of members
138. (1) The chairman and other members of each public service commission shall be appointed by the President: Provided that not less than one half of the members of a commission shall be persons who have held office for twenty years or more in the service of any government which has at any time functioned within the territory of Bangladesh.
138. (2) Subject to any law made by Parliament the conditions of service of the chairman and other members of a public service commission shall be such as the President may, by order, determine.
Chapter II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS — Term of office
139. (1) The term of office of the chairman and other members of a public service commission shall, subject to the provisions of this article, expire five years after the date on which he entered upon his office, or when he attains the age of 1 sixty five years, whichever is earlier.
139. (2) The chairman and other members of such a commission shall not be removed from office except in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the 2 Supreme Court.
139. (3) A chairman or other member of a public service commission may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the President.
139. (4) On ceasing to hold office a member of a public service commission shall not be eligible for further employment in the service of the Republic, but, subject to the provisions of clause (1) —
139. (4) On ceasing to hold office a member of a public service commission shall not be eligible for further employment in the service of the Republic, but, subject to the provisions of clause (1) — (a) a chairman so ceasing shall be eligible for re appointment for one further term; and;
139. (4) On ceasing to hold office a member of a public service commission shall not be eligible for further employment in the service of the Republic, but, subject to the provisions of clause (1) — (b) a member (other than the chairman) so ceasing shall be eligible for re appointment for one further term or for appointment as chairman of a public service commission;
Chapter II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS — Functions of commissions
140. (1) The functions of a public service commission shall be – —
140. (1) The functions of a public service commission shall be – — (a) to conduct tests and examinations for the selection of suitable persons for appointment to the service of the Republic;
140. (1) The functions of a public service commission shall be – — (b) to advise the President on any matter on which the commission is consulted under clause;
140. (2) or on any matter connected with its functions which is referred to the commission by the President; and —
140. (2) or on any matter connected with its functions which is referred to the commission by the President; and — (c) such other functions as may be prescribed by law. (2) Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, and any regulation (not inconsistent with such law) which may be made by the President after consultation with a commission, the President shall consult a commission with respect to – (a) matters relating to qualifications for, and methods of recruitment to, the service of the Republic; (b) the principles to be followed in making appointments to that service and promotions and transfers from one branch of the service to another, and the suitability of candidates for such appointments, promotions and transfers; (c) matters affecting the terms and conditions (including pension rights) of that service; and;
140. (2) or on any matter connected with its functions which is referred to the commission by the President; and — (d) the discipline of the service;
Part X: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION — Power to amend any provision of the Constitution
142.  Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution —
142.  Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution — (a) any provision thereof may be amended by way of addition, alteration, substitution or repeal by Act of Parliament : Provided that-;
142.  Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution — (i) no Bill for such amendment shall be allowed to proceed unless the long title thereof expressly states that it will amend a provision of the Constitution; (ii) no such Bill shall be presented to the President for assent unless it is passed by the votes of not less than two thirds of the total number of members of Parliament ; (b) when a Bill passed as aforesaid is presented to the President for his assent he shall, within the period of seven days after the Bill is presented to him assent to the Bill, and if he fails so to do he shall be deemed to have assented to it on the expiration of that period;
Part XI: MISCELLANEOUS — Property of the Republic
143. (1) There shall vest in the Republic, in addition to any other land or property lawfully vested – —
143. (1) There shall vest in the Republic, in addition to any other land or property lawfully vested – — (a) all minerals and other things of value underlying any land of Bangladesh;
143. (1) There shall vest in the Republic, in addition to any other land or property lawfully vested – — (b) all lands, minerals and other things of value underlying the ocean within the territorial waters, or the ocean over the continental shelf, of Bangladesh; and;
143. (1) There shall vest in the Republic, in addition to any other land or property lawfully vested – — (c) any property located in Bangladesh that has no rightful owner;
143. (2) Parliament may from time to time by law provide for the determination of the boundaries of the territory of Bangladesh and of the territorial waters and the continental shelf of Bangladesh.
Part XI: MISCELLANEOUS — Executive authority in relation to property, trade, etc.
144. The executive authority of the Republic shall extend to the acquisition, sale, transfer, mortgage and disposal of property, the carrying on of any trade or business and the making of any contract.