JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
A micrograph showing cells with abnormal p53 expression (brown) in a brain tumor. p53 immunostain.
A tilt/shift lens, set to its maximum degree of tilt relative to the camera body.
Different kinds of camera lenses, including wide angle, telephoto and speciality
How focal length affects photograph composition: adjusting the camera's distance from the main subject while changing focal length, the main subject can remain the same size, while the other at a different distance changes size.
Internal pudendal artery. The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Internal iliac.
Voltage gated chloride channel. Clc chloride channel (PDB:1OTS​)
An example of a single base deletion forming a stop codon.
The process of initiation of translation in eukaryotes.
Figure M1'. The extended model of protein synthesis M1 with explicit presentation of 40S, 60S and initiation factors (IF) binding.[16]
Figure M0. Basic and the simplest model M0 of protein synthesis.  Here,  *M – amount of mRNA with translation initiation site not occupied by assembling ribosome, *F – amount of mRNA with translation initiation site occupied by assembling ribosome, *R – amount of ribosomes sitting on mRNA synthesizing proteins, *P – amount of synthesized proteins.[16]
The three-domains tree and the Eocyte hypothesis[98]
some of the protein complexes involved in initiation
Postsynaptic density. Ultra-structural analysis of synapses in the brainstem of wild-type (WT)mice at embryonic day 18.5. Synapses of WT neurons in the pre-Bötzinger-complex area exhibit presynaptic vesicles (asterisks), a synaptic cleft and a distinct postsynaptic density (arrowheads). Scale bar, 250 nm. From Heupel et al., 2008
This single EPSP does not sufficiently depolarize the membrane to generate an action potential.
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel transmembrane region. Ligand-gated ion channel
Schematic diagram of an ion channel. 1 - channel domains (typically four per channel), 2 - outer vestibule, 3 - selectivity filter, 4 - diameter of selectivity filter, 5 - phosphorylation site, 6 - cell membrane.
Regulation of AMPAR trafficking to the postsynaptic density in response to LTP-inducing stimuli
Graph displaying an EPSP, an IPSP, and the summation of an EPSP and an IPSP. When the two are summed together the potential is still below the action potential threshold.
Intergluteal cleft. Male
Intergluteal cleft. Female
Breast-implant failure: Capsular contracture is a medical complication, in this case, a Baker scale Grade IV contraction, of a subglandular silicone implant in the right breast.
Breast Implant: the chest X-ray of a woman with bilaterally emplaced breast implants shows that the prostheses are radiographically opaque, and are foreign objects in her body, but not of her body.
Breast-implant failure: The parts of a surgically explanted breast-implant are the red, fibrous capsule (left), the ruptured silicone implant (center), and the transparent filler-gel that leaked to the woman's pectoral tissues (right).
Breast-implant: The metallic element platinum (Pt, 78) a catalyst in the manufacture of silicone breast implants, was a suspected cause of toxic contamination (tissue ionization) in the bodies of women with such implants.
Non-implant breast augmenation: the pre-procedural aspects (left) and the post-procedural aspects (right) of breasts enlarged and contoured with autologous fat grafts
Mastopexy corrections: Lollipop incision (vertical scar) and Anchor incision (inferior pedicle) breast-lift procedures; these incision plans also are applied to reduction mammoplasty.
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, by Rembrandt; depicts an anatomy demonstration using a cadaver.
Breast augmentation: saline-solution filled breast implants, a spherical model (left) and a hemispheric model (right).
Lateral lumbar X-ray of a 34-year-old male
Asymmetrical and spherical body shapes. (a) An organism with an asymmetrical, amoeboid, body plan (Amoeba proteus –  an amoeba). (b) An organism with a spherical body plan (Actinophrys sol –  a heliozoan).
Thoracic splanchnic nerves. Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses.  (Greater splanchnic and lowest splanchnic labeled at upper left. Greater splanchnic and lesser splanchnic labeled at upper right.)
Lumbar ganglia. Lower half of right sympathetic cord.
Urinary bladder (black butterfly-like shape) and hyperplastic prostate (BPH) visualized by medical ultrasound
Corpus cavernosum penis. Transverse section of the penis.
Corpus cavernosum penis. The constituent cavernous cylinders of the penis.
The spine-covered penis of Callosobruchus analis, a bean weevil
Penis of a human, with pubic hair removed to show anatomical detail
Mallard pseudo-penis
Penis of an Asian elephant
Axis. Second cervical vertebra, or epistropheus, from above.
Atlanto-occipital joint. Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane and atlantoaxial ligament.
Atlanto-occipital joint. Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane and atlantoaxial ligament.
Squamous part of occipital bone. Occipital boneat birth, seen from below. (Squamous part is top half, portion aboveforamen magnum, shown in yellow.)
Internal occipital crest. Occipital bone. Inner surface. (Position of internal occipital crest labeled asoccipital sinusat center.)
External occipital protuberance. Occipital boneseen from below. Outer surface. (External occipital protuberance visible at top center.)
Internal occipital crest. Human skullside view (parietal bonesremoved). Position of internal occipital crest shown in red.
External occipital protuberance. Human skulllateral view. External occipital protuberance shown in red.
Normal atlanto-dental joint on projectional radiography.
External occipital crest. Skull seen from below
The atlas ossifies from three centers
Atlas (anatomy). Position of the atlas (shown in red)
Condyle. Upper surface of right tibia.
Squamous part of occipital bone. Human skullseen from above (parietal bonesremoved). Squamous part is shown in red.
Nuchal lines. Occipital bone. Outer surface.
Metatarsophalangeal joint sprain.
Three-dimensional animation illustrating a sprain
The Sprain Brook Parkway southbound at the Cross Westchester Expressway in Elmsford, which served as the northern end of the parkway from 1971 to 1980
Sprain Brook Parkway southbound lanes during the fork for the Grassy Sprain Reservoir
The Sprain Brook at the junction with NY 100 and NY 100C in Greenburgh
The Sprain Brook Parkway southbound 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Tuckahoe Road in North Yonkers. That interchange served as the northern terminus of the parkway from 1961–1963
Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus, showing intestinalized epithelium with goblet cells, as opposed to normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the fundus of the stomach.  The submucosa displays an infiltrate including lymphocytes and plasma cells, constituting an underlying chronic inflammation. The area between the stratified and the intestinalized epithelium displays reactive changes, but there is no secondary dysplasia in this case. H&E stain.
Endoscopic image of peptic stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach: This is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and can be a cause of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing.
A time-space diagram of a peristaltic wave after a water swallow. High pressure values are red, zero pressure is blue-green. The ridge in the upper part of the picture is the high pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter which only opens for a short time to let water pass.
A "low fat" child's meal from Burger King, with "apple fries" replacing fried potato chips, and a serving of macaroni and cheese as its main dish
Salmonella bacteria is a common cause of foodborne illness, particularly in undercooked chicken and chicken eggs.
Microscopic Slide of Infectious Esophagitis
Microscopic Slide of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
The gastrointestinal wall of the human stomach.
A hoist using the compound pulley system yielding an advantage of 4. The single fixed pulley is installed on the hoist (device). The two movable pulleys (joined together) are attached to the hook. One end of the rope is attached to the crane frame, another to the winch.
Flat belt on a belt pulley
Belt and pulley system
Cone pulley driven from above by a line shaft
Pulley. Pulleys on a ship. In this context, pulleys are normally known asblocks.
Pulley in oil derrick
An example of eye movement over a photograph over the span of just two seconds.
Trochlear nucleus. Outline of thenucleus raphes dorsalis:DRifinterfascicular subnucleus,DRvventral subnucleusDRvlventrolateral subnucleusDRddorsal subnucleusmlfmedial longitudinal fasciculusAqcerebral aqueductIVntrochlear nucleus.
Trochlear nucleus. Thecranial nerve nucleischematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue. (Trochlear is "IV")
Extraocular muscles are shown in this image of the left eye (lateral view). Click on the structures for more information.
Extraocular muscles. MRIscan showinglateralandmedial rectus muscles.
The cochlea and vestibule, viewed from above.
17th-century relief with a Cretan labyrinth bottom right (Musée Antoine Vivenel)
The outer ear receives sound, transmitted through the ossicles of the middle ear to the inner ear, where it is converted to a nervous signal in the cochlear and transmitted along the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Dome of the Pantheon, inner view
Ear. The outer portion of the human ear"Ear" pronounced (Received Pronunciation)
PerforationFluid in the middle ear cavityComplications of otitis media that can lead to hearing loss, as seen on otoscope.
Lower Hell, inside the walls of Dis, in an illustration by Stradanus; there is a drop from the sixth circle to the three rings of the seventh circle, then again to the ten rings of the eighth circle, and, at the bottom, to the icy ninth circle
The St-Gervais-et-St-Protais Church in Paris presents columns of the three orders : Doric at the ground floor, Ionic at the second floor, Corinthian at the third floor
Internal view of gangways between a British Rail Class 153 and a British Rail Class 158. Notice the doors on the sides, which prevent passengers from accessing the cabs of either unit. When the gangway is not in use, they lock outwards to block off the entire cab/gangway compartment.
Top: TheParthenon(460–406 BC); Centre: TheErechtheion(421–406 BC); Bottom: Illustration ofDoric(left three),Ionic(middle three) andCorinthian(right two) columns
Pammakaristos Church, also known as the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos (Greek: Θεοτόκος ἡ Παμμακάριστος, "All-Blessed Mother of God"), is one of the most famous Greek Orthodox Byzantine churches in Istanbul
Brodmann area 8. Image of brain with Brodmann area 8 shown in red
Brodmann area 8. Image of brain with Brodmann area 8 shown in orange
Brodmann area 34. Medial surface of the brain with Brodmann's areas numbered.
Brodmann area 9.
Brodmann area. 3D representation of Brodmann areas
Brodmann area 25. Brodmann area　25 is shown in orange.
Brodmann area 32. Brodmann area 32 (shown in orange)
Mechanisms of cellular differentiation.
Coronal section in the forebrain of an embryonic mouse at 12.5 days of gestation (preplate stage), showing the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences (LGE, MGE) from which GABAergic interneurons tangentially migrate to the cortical anlage (left, yellow). Glutamatergic neurons destined for the cortex are generated locally in the cortical ventricular zone and migrate radially (right, red).
The left side of Fig.1 shows a region of the prefrontal cortex receiving multiple inputs from other regions, as cortico-cortical activity. The input from B is the strongest of these. The right side of Fig. 1 shows the input signals also being fed to the basal ganglia circuitry. The output from here, back to the same region, is shown to modify the strength of the input from B, by adding strength to the input from C thereby modifying the strongest signal from B to C. (Thalamic involvement is implicit but not shown).
Human cortical development between 26 and 39 week gestational age
Stellate cell. Golgi stained cortical neurons A) Layer II/IIIpyramidal cell B) layer IV spiny stellate cell
Connectivity of the basal ganglia as revealed by diffusion spectrum imaging based on thirty subjects from the Human Connectome Project. Direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathways are visualized in different colors (see legend). Subcortical structures are rendered based on the Harvard-Oxford subcortical thalamus as well as the Basal Ganglia atlas (other structures). Rendering was generated using TrackVis software.
Focal cortical dysplasia.
Radial glial cell. G-CSF receptorexpression clearly delineates cells of radial glia in the embryonic murine brain. From Kirsch et al., 2008.[1]
Depicted in blue, Emx2 is highly expressed at the caudomedial pole and dissipates outward. Pax6 expression is represented in purple and is highly expressed at the rostral lateral pole. (Adapted from Sanes, D., Reh, T., & Harris, W. (2012). Development of the Nervous System (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier Science)
Cortical blood supply
Cortical areas involved in speech processing.
TEM of a myelinated axon in cross-section.
Ganglionic eminence. Interneurons (green) migrate tangentially from the ganglionic eminence to thecerebral cortex. The tangentially migrating interneurons travel perpendicular to theradial glial cells(red). The radially migrating interneurons travel parallel to the radial glial cells.
Development oforgan systems
Style positionTerminal (apical)LateralGynobasic
Blighia, Akee seeds, one whole, one in longitudinal section, showing the pale aril
Sketch of a human embryo from Gray's Anatomy; from eight and a half to nine weeks old, showing the mullerian (paramesonephric ducts), their position, and how they are becoming fused.
Tubular-campanulate corolla, bearing long points and emergent from tubular calyx ( Brugmansia aurea, Golden Angel's Trumpet, family Solanaceae ).
Astragalus austriacus is regarded as diadelphous because it has one stamen unattached to the main adelphia (bunch).
The fruits of Lepidium bonariense are silicles, green and circular, with a notch at the apex.
Tendrils of Cucurbita pepo, some supporting the stem on the frame, some failing to find a point of attachment
Hippeastrum flowers showing stamens, style and stigma
Moss plants with gynoecia, clusters of archegonia at the apex of each shoot.
Watsonia flower slit open and with one stamen bent upward to show its adnate attachment to the petal.
Hippeastrum stigmas and style
Phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve as it passes through the thorax to supply the diaphragm.
The pericardial cavity in this image is labeled d and is part of the inferior mediastium. Here we can see its relation to the superior mediastinum a, the pleural cavities c, and the diaphragm e.
Diaphragm and pleural cavities in amphibian (left), bird (center), mammal (right).  a, mandible; b, genio-hyoid; c, hyoid; d, sterno-hyoid; e, sternum; f, pericardium; g, septum transversum; h, rectus abdominis; i, abdominal cavity; j, pubis; k, esophagus; l, trachea; m, cervical limiting membrane of abdominal cavity; n, dorsal wall of body; o, lung; o', air-sac.[13]
Central tendon of diaphragm. Thediaphragm. Under surface. (Central tendon visible as large white central arch.)
Central tendon of diaphragm. The thoracic aspect of the diaphragm of a newly born child in which the communication between the peritoneum and pleura has not been closed on the left side; the position of the opening is marked on the right side by the spinocostal hiatus.
Position of Phrenic nerve in a sleeping kitten. The nerve bifurcates and runs down both sides of the neck.
Phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve emerges from thecervical plexus, with the right brachial plexus shown here.
Position of the Phrenic Nerve (diagram)
Inferior hypogastric plexus. Lower half of right sympathetic cord. (Hypogastric plexus labeled at bottom left.)
Hypogastric nerve. Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. (Hypogastric nerve visible but not labeled.)
Superior hypogastric plexus. The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. (Hypogastric plexus is labeled on right, fourth from the bottom.)
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis.
Granulomatous prostatitis.
Micrograph showing a neutrophilic infiltration of prostatic glands - the histologic correlate of acute prostatitis.  H&E stain.
Prostatic venous plexus. The veins of the right half of the male pelvis. (Prostatic plexus labeled at bottom right.)
Inferior hypogastric plexus. The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. (Pelvic plexus labeled at bottom right.)
Prostatic urethra. The maleurethralaid open on its anterior (upper) surface. (Prostatic part labeled at upper right.)
Micrograph of benign prostatic glands with corpora amylacea. H&E stain.
Prostatic urethra. 1:Vas deferens2:Seminal vesicle3: Base of theprostate4: Apex of theprostate5: Prostatic urethra
Prostatic stent. Prostatic stent use in the treatment of BPH
Male accessory gland presented in a 3D medical animation still shot
Great scapular notch. Left scapula. Dorsal surface. Great scapular notch shown in red.
Great scapular notch. Great scapular notch shown in red.
Superior transverse scapular ligament. The leftshoulderandacromioclavicularjoints, and the proper ligaments of thescapula.
Supraspinous fossa. Left scapula. Dorsal surface. Supraspinatous fossa shown in red.
Superior transverse scapular ligament. Capsule of shoulder-joint (distended). Anterior aspect. (Superior transverse ligament visible at upper right.)
FMA. Coracoid processGlenoid cavitySupraspinous fossaAcromionInfraspinous fossaInferior angleLateral border
Intestinal gland. Micrographof thesmall intestinemucosashowing theintestinal glands- bottom 1/3 of image.H&E stain.
Scheme of selective permeability routes of epithelial cells (red arrows). The transcellular (through the cells) and paracellular (between the cells) routes control the passage of substances between the intestinal lumen and blood.
Micrograph showing intestinal crypt branching, a histopathological finding of chronic colitides. H&E stain.
Human Brunner's gland
Bones of a human wrist. In this photo both the free position and the saddle shape of the first CMC joint and the proximal transverse palmar arch are clearly visible.
Stages in the development of the clitoris
An enlarged clitoris due to clitoromegaly
Structures of the vulva, including external and internal parts of the clitoris
A Georg Ludwig Kobelt illustration of the anatomy of the clitoris
Clitoral hood. Outer anatomy of clitoris.
Girl protesting for clitoris-awareness at a women's rights rally in Paris, 2019
Clitoral hood (1) and clitoris (2). Labia are spread apart on the bottom image.
Clitoris. Location of (1)clitoral hoodand (2)clitoral glans
Created by Helen O'Connell using MRI, the first 3D image of a clitoris in an erect state with the adjacent organs of the uterus and urinary bladder
Shows the sub-areas of the clitoris. Areas include clitoral glans, body, crura.  Also shows vestibular bulbs and corpora cavernosa
With a urogenital system in which the female urinates, mates and gives birth via an enlarged, erectile clitoris, female spotted hyenas are the only female mammals devoid of an external vaginal opening.[177]
A.—Diagram of the primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction.  * 3. Ureter.  * 4. Urinary bladder.  * 5. Urachus.  * cl. Cloaca.  * cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis.  * i. Lower part of the intestine.  * ls. Fold of integument from which the labia majora or scrotum are formed.  * m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord.  * ot. The gonadal ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed (upper right).  * ug. Sinus urogenitalis.  * W. Left Wolffian body.  * w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts.
Great cardiac vein. Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs. The lungs have been pulled away from the median line, and a part of the right lung has been cut away to display the air-ducts and bloodvessels (great coronary vein labeled at center bottom).
A Hampton hump in a person with a right lower lobe pulmonary embolism
Large saddle embolus seen in the pulmonary artery (white arrows).
Selective pulmonary angiogram revealing clot (labeled A) causing a central obstruction in the left main pulmonary artery. ECG tracing shown at the bottom.
Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea. The right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta, while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta.
Types of vein prominenceVitis vinifera BullateClidemia hirta ChanneledCornus masImpressedBerberis gagnepainii Obscure (under surface)Spathiphyllum cannifolium ProminentViburnum plicatum Recessed
Electrocardiogram of a person with pulmonary embolism, showing sinus tachycardia of approximately 100 beats per minute, large S wave in Lead I, moderate Q wave in Lead III, inverted T wave in Lead III, and inverted T waves in leads V1 and V3.
Vesical nervous plexus. Lower half of rightsympathetic trunk
Inferior vesicle artery. Same picture, showing the source of inferior vesical artery, theinternal iliac artery, with other branches.
Homo ergasterTemporal range: EarlyPleistocene,2.04/1.95–1.4/0.87MaPreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN↓.
Homo rudolfensisTemporal range:Pleistocene,2.5/1.9–1.85/1.55MaPreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN↓.
KNM ER 3733, an iconic Homo ergaster skull
Several now-extinct large carnivores co-existed at Dmanisi in the Early Pleistocene, including large cat Panthera gombaszoegensis (top left), hyena Pliocrocuta (top right) and saber-toothed cats Homotherium (bottom left) and Megantereon (bottom right).
Replica of KNM ER 992, the holotype specimen of Homo ergaster
Homo habilisTemporal range:2.3–1.65MaPreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN↓.
KNM-WT 15000 ("Turkana Boy"), a 7 to 12 year old Homo ergaster
The Dmanisi hominins may have partly fed on hackberries (pictured), since hackberry seeds have been found in conjunction with the hominin fossils.
Replica of Dmanisi Skull 3, the skull of an adolescent individual, discovered in 2001
Homo floresiensisTemporal range:190–50 Ka[1]PreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN↓.
The D2600 mandible (later associated with Skull 5), designated as the type specimen of Homo georgicus in 2002
Comparison of the mandibles of various species of Homo; D2600 (belonging to Skull 5) and D211 (belonging to Skull 2) are featured
Muscular system. The human muscles, seen from the front. 19th century illustration.
Radial collateral ligament (thumb).
Radial collateral ligament (wrist). Ligaments ofwrist. Anterior view. (Radial collateral visible at center left.)
Radial collateral ligament. Leftelbowjoint, showing posterior and radial collateral ligaments. (Radial collateral ligament visible near center.)
Radial tuberosity. Left elbow-joint, showing anterior and ulnar collateral ligaments. (Radial tuberosity visible at center right.)
X-ray of ventral dislocation of the radial head. There is calcification of annular ligament, which can be seen as early as 2 weeks after injury.[24]
MRI of the elbow (T1 weighted) showing an unimpaired radial collateral ligament and extensor tendon.
Left: Ulnar adductionRight: Radial abduction
Radial notch. Upper extremity of leftulna. Lateral aspect. (Radial notch visible at center top.)
Radial tuberosity. Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect. (Radius is bone on right. Radial tuberosity is visible at upper left of radius.)
Annular ligament. Annular ligament ofradius, from above. The head of the radius has been sawn off and the bone dislodged from the ligament.
Pisometacarpal ligament. Deep muscles of the right hand, with pisometacarpal ligament at top right. Dorsal view.
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament. Ligaments of wrist. Posterior view. (Dorsal radio-carpal ligament visible at center.)
Projectional radiograph of a normal wrist (left image) and one with a dorsal tilt due to wrist osteoarthritis (as well as osteoporosis). The angle of the distal surface of the lunate bone is annotated. A dorsal tilt of 10 to 15 degrees is considered normal.[17]