JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
The British Isles in relation to the northwest European continental shelf.
Mongol pastoralist in the Khövsgöl Province
Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Norman Conquest, which defined much of the subsequent history of the British Isles
The Neolithic site of Silbury Hill in Wiltshire, southern England, is one example of the large ceremonial monuments constructed across the British Isles in this period.
Simplified map of subsistence methods in the Americas at 1000 BCE   hunter-gatherers   simple farming societies   complex farming societies (tribal chiefdoms or civilizations)
The display inside the camel cave at the Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve depicts the life of prehistoric people in the Levant. (the Acheulo-Yabrudian culture)
The term British Isles came into use in English at the same time as the term British Empire.  This map shows the British Isles (red) at the centre of the empire (pink) in 1897 where England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales are referred to as the Home Nations.
The ruins ofRichmond, Virginia, the formerConfederatecapital, after theAmerican Civil War; newly-freedAfrican Americansvoting for the first time in 1867;[1]office of theFreedmen's BureauinMemphis, Tennessee;Memphis riots of 1866
Cleric, knight and peasant; an example of feudal societies
A British passport
Caesar's first invasion of Britain
A hoard of bronze socketed axes from the Bronze Age found in modern Germany. This was the top tool of the period, and also seems to have been used as a store of value.
Late Bronze Age vessels and tools, from various locations: Alba Iulia, Straja, Geoagiu de Sus, Piatra Craivii. In display at the National Museum of the Union, Alba Iulia
The Hittite Empire shown in blue, late Bronze Age, 1400 BC
Bronze Age sword
Flat Axe, Irish, Early Bronze Age, The Hunt Museum
Archaeologist Sir John Lubbock was the first to coin the term "Neolithic", in 1865.
Clay envelope with its accounting tokens, Late Uruk period, from Susa, Louvre.
View of the Megaron of the palace at Tiryns, one of the many Greek palaces destroyed during the Bronze Age Collapse.
Pottery from the Late Uruk period: wheel-made pottery at right and bevelled rim bowls at left, Pergamon Museum.
Pottery jar from Late Ubaid Period
Painting of a Copper Age walled settlement, Los Millares, Spain
Spring and Autumn period pu bronze vessel with interlaced dragon design
Chalcolithic copper mine in Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel
Denarius issued in 82 BC by Gaius Valerius Flaccus, depicting Victory
Denarius of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, consul in 100 BC, and later magister equitum to the dictator Sulla.
Jacob's vision in Genesis 28:12 of a ladder between Heaven and Earth. In Kabbalistic interpretation, the Sulam-ladder's four main divisions are the Four Worlds and the angelic hierarchy embody external dimensions of the lights-vessels, while souls embody inner dimensions
The four continents, plus Australia, added later.
During the Second World War, British divisions were commanded by major-generals. Here Major-General Charles Keightley, the commanding officer of the 78th Infantry Division, plans his division's next steps during the Battle of Monte Cassino.
Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meet at the Cairo Conference in 1943 during World War II.
Set of  porcelain figures, German, c. 1775, from left: Asia, Europe, Africa, America.  Formerly James Hazen Hyde collection.
Ezekiel's Tomb in Iraq. Ezekiel's vision of the Divine Merkabah-Chariot,[4] and Isaiah's vision of the Kisei HaKavod-Throne of Glory,[5] are related in Kabbalah to beholding the Four Worlds from Yetzirah, and from Beriah
Map of the "Old World" (the 2nd century Ptolemy world map in a 15th-century copy)
Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes.
1943 sketch by Franklin Roosevelt of the United Nations' original three branches. The branch on the right represents the Four Policemen.
Sleipner legend Tore Keller in the classic match kit, blue and white striped shirts and black shorts, in Rekordmagasinet 1946.
IK Sleipner, Swedish champion in football in 1938, standing from left: Hilding Sköld, Arne Linderholm, Tore Keller (captain), Harry Andersson, Gustaf Wetterström and Kurt Hjelm; kneeling Sven Unger, Roland Hjelm, Allan Johansson, Karl Johansson and Bernt Öhrström.
Sleipner gas field.
Oil from the Sleipner field.
Sleipner Glacier. Location within Greenland
The rocks called Store Blokso that Sleipner hit before it sank
Sleipner Glacier. OdinlandNASApicture section with the Sleipner Glacier on the left side
The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck, a work written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter, features a spirited humanized animal as the title character.
President George W. Bush, pictured here in 2008 with then Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne to his side, has advocated for increased regulation of genetic engineering, including on research mixing animal and human elements.
The Kemonomimi art style, widely popularized since the latter part of the 20th century, involves humanoid characters with stylized animal features, such as this mouse girl.
SI temperature/coldness conversion scale: Temperatures on the Kelvin scale are shown in blue (Celsius scale in green, Fahrenheit scale in red), coldness values in gigabyte per nanojoule are shown in black. Infinite temperature (coldness zero) is shown at the top of the diagram; positive values of coldness/temperature are on the right-hand side, negative values on the left-hand side.
Mister Negative. Mister NegativeArt bySteve McNiven.
The Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, the best-known traditional reference book in German-speaking countries
A calligram by Guillaume Apollinaire. These are a type of poem in which the written words are arranged in such a way to produce a visual image.
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) is a canonical piece of children's literature and one of the best-selling books ever published.[1]
American author and publisher Dave Eggers is one of several contemporary authors who represent the latest movement in post-modern literature which some have deemed post-postmodernism or post-irony.
An insane Heracles is depicted killing his son while Megara stands horrified on the right side of the scene (National Archaeological Museum, Madrid, c. 350-320 B.C.E.)
Megara.
Megara Gulf in the map
Megara by Vincenzo Coronelli, 1687
Heracles kills his son while Megara stands by
Euclid of Megara. Euclid of Megara
Mosaics on the floor of a house near the western gate of Megara Hyblaea.
Euclid of Megara Dressing as a Woman to Hear Socrates Teach in Athens, by Domenico Marolì, c. 1650
Pilaster capital from Megara Hyblaea with palmettes between volutes. 5th century BCE.
Herakles' Children. Statue of Euripides
Herakles. The Madness of Herakles byAsteas
ThebesΘήβα. Remains of the Cadmea, the central fortress of ancient Thebes
Ruins of Thebes
Interior of the Archaeological Museum of Thebes
Topographic map of ancient Thebes.
Population of Thebes 2000-900 BC
The blind Oedipus led by his daughter Antigone
Ancient coin depicting a Boeotian shield, AM of Thebes
Daughter of Niobe bent by terror, Niobe room in Uffizi gallery
Sheikh Zayed canal of New Valley project, Libyan desert, Egypt
Towboat Herbert P. Brake of New York pushes a new barge east on the Erie Canal in Fairport, New York, United States
Construction site (2009) of the syphon that delivers water from the new valley project under the toshka spillway
Çanakkale. An aerial view of the city center
Çanakkale Clock Tower (1896) at the city center
The Trojan horse that appeared in the 2004 film, now on display in Çanakkale. The ancient city of Troy and the ancient region of the Troad are inside Çanakkale Province.
Çanakkale. ÇanakkaleShow map of TurkeyÇanakkaleShow map of MarmaraÇanakkaleShow map of EuropeÇanakkaleShow map of Earth
Çanakkale waterfront
Districts of Çanakkale
Two streets in central Çanakkale
Dardanelles (Çanakkale Boğazı). Close-up topographic map of the Dardanelles
Baris transversa? larva
Skyscrapers in the Levent quarter of the Beşiktaş district on the European side of Istanbul, the largest city and financial centre in Turkey.
Baris.
Baris artemisiae
Three genres of traditional dance in Bali. Baris dance performance
A view of the city center
Topographic map of Turkey
The planet Uranus
A colour photograph of Uranus, taken by Voyager 2 in 1986 as it headed towards the planet Neptune
Artist's conception of the Sun's path in the summer sky of a major moon of Uranus (which shares Uranus's axial tilt)
The FunkYard at Uranus
Replica of the telescope used by Herschel to discover Uranus
A close-up view of the ε ring of Uranus
Size comparison of Earth and Uranus
The Uranus System (NACO/VLT image)
Hypnos and Thanatos: Sleep and His Half-Brother Death, by John William Waterhouse, 1874.
Hypnos and Thanatos carrying the body of Sarpedon from the battlefield of Troy; detail from an Attic white-ground lekythos, ca. 440 BC.
Sarpedon's body carried by Hypnos and Thanatos (Sleep and Death), while Hermes watches, Attic red-figured calyx-krater signed by Euxitheos (potter) and Euphronios (painter)
Hypnos (left) and Thanatos (right) carrying dead Sarpedon, while Hermes watches. Inscriptions in ancient Greek read HVPNOS-HERMES-θΑΝΑΤΟS (here written vice versa). Attic red-figured calyx-krater, 515 BC.
Hypnos.
Nyx, as represented in the 10th-century Paris Psalter at the side of the Prophet Isaiah
Roman-era bronze statuette of Nyx velificans or Selene (Getty Villa)
Vishnu reclines on the multi-hooded serpent Shesha, while the four-headed Brahma sits on a lotus, rising from Vishnu's navel.
Illustration of Typhon from Athanasius Kircher's Oedipus Aegyptiacus, 1652
Heracles and the Lernaean Hydra by Gustave Moreau: The Hydra is perhaps the best known mythological multi-headed animal, also popularised in many fantasy settings.
Zeus aiming his thunderbolt at a winged and snake-footed Typhon. Chalcidian black-figured hydria (c. 540–530 BC), Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Inv. 596).[1]
Typhon sphinx.
Typhon.
TVR Typhon. The 3 TVR Typhons
Hubble Space Telescopeimage of Typhon and its moon Echidna, taken in 2006
Typhon. Typhon inIncredible Hercules#138 (November 2009). Artwork by Rodney Buchemi.
Heracles, chain in left hand, his club laid aside, calms a two-headed Cerberus, which has a snake protruding from each of his heads, a mane down his necks and back, and a snake tail. Cerberus is emerging from a portico, which represents the palace of Hades in the underworld. Between them, a tree represents the sacred grove of Hades' wife Persephone. On the far left, Athena stands, left arm extended. Amphora (c. 525–510 BC) from Vulci (Louvre F204).[9]
Athena, Hermes and Heracles, leading a two-headed Cerberus out of the underworld, as Persephone looks on. Hydria (c. 550–500 BC) attributed to the Leagros Group (Louvre CA 2992).[27]
Heracles with club in his right hand raised over head and leash in left hand drives ahead of him a two-headed Cerberus with mane down his necks and back and a snake tail. A neck-amphora (c. 530–515 BC) from Vulci (Munich 1493).[124]
Athena, Heracles, and a two-headed Cerberus, with mane down his necks and back. Hermes (not shown in the photograph) stands to the left of Athena. An amphora (c. 575–525 BC) from Kameiros, Rhodes (Louvre A481).[49]
A two-headed Orthrus, with snake tail, lying wounded at the feet of Heracles (left) and the three-bodied Geryon (right). Detail from a red-figure kylix by Euphronios, 550–500 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen (Munich 2620).
One of the two earliest depictions of the capture of Cerberus (composed of the last five figures on the right) shows, from right to left: Cerberus, with a single dog head and snakes rising from his body, fleeing right, Hermes, with his characteristic hat (petasos) and caduceus, Heracles, with quiver on his back, stone in left hand, and bow in right, a goddess, standing in front of Hades' throne, facing Heracles, and Hades, with scepter, fleeing left. Drawing of a lost Corinthian cup (c. 590–580 BC) from Argos.
Herakles fighting the three-bodied Geryon; the shepherd Eurytion and the dog Orthros are already dead. Kylix in the Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Munich
A two-headed Orthrus and a three-bodied Geryon. Attic black-figure neck amphora, by the Swing Painter, c. 550–500 BC (Paris, Cab. Med. 223).
Heracles fighting Geryon, amphora by the E Group, ca. 540 BC, Louvre
Cerberus and Heracles. Etching by Antonio Tempesta (Italy, Florence, 1555–1630). The Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Characters featured in Dirge of Cerberus.
The remains of Cerberus in 2007
Cerberus is dark area to left of center
Heracles killing the giant, Antaeus
Aurora e Titone by Francesco de Mura. Aurora was the Roman equivalent of Eos and often substitutes for her as Tithonus's consort.
Eos pursues the reluctant Tithonus, who holds a lyre, on an Attic oinochoe of the Achilles Painter, circa 470–460 BC (Louvre).
Alfred Fellig has thematically been compared to the Tithonus in Alfred, Lord Tennyson's dramatic monologue of the same name.
Tithonus, detail of Aurora e Titone c. 1635, Giovanni da San Giovanni
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, author of "Tithonus".
Fragments of the Cologne papyri, dating to the third century BC, preserve twelve lines of the Tithonus poem.  Published in 2004, the finds drew international media attention.
"Tithonus". Alfred Fellig, the metaphorical "Tithonus", takes a picture of a dying Dana Scully. In order to achieve the effect, the film was reverse-film colorized.
"Tithonus" was written by Vince Gilligan.
Tithonus birdwing.
Eos riding sidesaddle, detail of the Gigantomachy frieze, Pergamon Altar, Pergamon museum, Berlin
The earliest known depiction of the Trojan Horse, from the Mykonos vase c. 670 BC
Volkswagen Eos 2.0 TDI (United Kingdom, pre facelift)
Triumphant Achilles dragging Hector's lifeless body in Troy. (A fresco in the Achilleion, Corfu)
Facelift VW Eos 1.4 TSI BlueMotion (Europe)
View from inside the city walls of a part of the Byzantine Palace of Blachernae, in Istanbul.
Walls of Constantinople. Map showing Constantinople and its walls during the Byzantine era
Main entrance gate of Istanbul University, the city's oldest Turkish institution, established in 1453.
The Porta Aurea (Golden Gate) of the walls of Constantinople was used by Byzantine emperors.[45]
Originally outside the city, yalı residences along the Bosphorus are now homes in some of Istanbul's elite neighborhoods.
Chora Church medieval Byzantine Greek Orthodox church preserved as the Chora Museum in the Edirnekapı neighborhood of Istanbul.
A view of Levent[211][212] financial district from Istanbul Sapphire. Levent, Maslak, Şişli and Ataşehir are the main business districts in the city.
Ekrem İmamoğlu of the CHP is the 32nd and current Mayor of Istanbul, elected in 2019.
The final battle between Freyr and Surtr, illustration by Lorenz Frølich
Logi Ólafsson
Surtr with the Flaming Sword (1882) by F. W. Heine, based on a plaster frieze designed by Friedrich Wilhelm Engelhard (1859)
A scene from the last phase of Ragnarök, after Surtr has engulfed the world with fire (by Emil Doepler, 1905)
Gram. The mass of this pen cap is about 1 gram
Bushman starting a fire in Namibia
Gram Parsons. Parsons in 1972
Fire-damaged restaurant waiting for demolition
Structure of gram-positive cell wall
Colonies of a gram-positive pathogen of the oral cavity, Actinomyces sp.
Six Armenian provinces of Western Armenia and boundaries between countries before World War I
A Russian-Armenian volunteer unit during World War I.
Interwar period and sustaining the achievements.French Armenian Legion and Franco-Turkish War
Armenian manuscript of 10–11th centuries. History of Armenia of Movses Khorenatsi
A delegation of five hundred Armenian World War I veterans in Washington, D.C., April 1920
6 Armenian provinces of Western Armenia. Patten, William and J.E. Homas, Turkey in Asia, 1903.
Occupation of Western Armenia. The area of Russian occupation as of September 1917 and administrative-territorial division of the regions of Turkey occupied by Russian troops during the First World War in 1916-1917
Karekin Pastermadjian member of "Chamber of Deputies" representative of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation from Erzurum. He was later elected to be ambassador of the Armenia to the United States.
Coin issued to celebrate the victory of Lucius Verus Armeniacus against Vologases IV in the war for Armenia.
Armenian woman.
Armenian cuisine
Tigranes V. Tigranes V
The King of Kings Tigranes the Great with four vassal Kings surrounding him
Tigranes VI.
The Armenian empire under Tigranes the Great
Statue of Tigranes the Great in Yerevan
Tigranes III. Atetradrachmof Tigranes III
Tigran Yervanduni. 19th-century rendition of Tigranes
Tigranes IV. Coin of Tigranes IV,Artaxatamint
Ethnic groups inhabiting the Caucasus region
Map of the North Caucasus region
Ethno-linguistic groups in the Caucasus region 1887.
1994 map of Caucasus region prepared by the U.S. State Department.
Portraits of Augustus show the emperor with idealized features
The Mausoleum of Augustus
Modern English Version.
Shakespeare's writings are universally associated with Early Modern English
Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage.
Thetitle pageofA Dictionary of Modern English Usage(1926).
Papyrus, Oxyrhynchus, Egypt: 6th century – Epistle to the Romans 1: 1–16
Alfred the Great statue in Winchester, Hampshire. The 9th-century English King proposed that primary education be taught in English, with those wishing to advance to holy orders to continue their studies in Latin.
Temple of Kom Ombo constructed in Upper Egypt in 180–47 BC by the Ptolemies and modified by the Romans. It is a double temple with two sets of structures dedicated to two separate deities.
The signs at Wallsend Metro station are in English and Latin, as a tribute to Wallsend's role as one of the outposts of the Roman Empire, as the eastern end of Hadrian's Wall (hence the name) at Segedunum.
Linguasphere. Range of the Romance languages, the modern descendants of Latin, in Europe.
Saint Paul arrested by the Romans
Detailed map of the Ptolemaic Egypt.
Timeline showing the history of the English language
The Latin Malmesbury Bible from 1407.
Roman bas-relief, 2nd century: Aeneas lands in Latium, leading Ascanius; the sow identifies the place to found his city (book 8).
Aeneas's defeat of Turnus (book 12), painting by Luca Giordano
Aeneas carrying Anchises, black-figured oinochoe, c. 520–510 BCE, Louvre (F 118)
Aeneas and Anchises
Aeneas and the god Tiber, by Bartolomeo Pinelli
Coinage of Aenea, with portrait of Aeneas. c. 510–480 BCE.
Dido and Aeneas, by Rutilio Manetti (c. 1630)
Aeneas & Anchises, by Pierre Lepautre (c. 1697).
Dido meeting Aeneas, by Johann Heinrich the Elder Tischbein (3 January 1780)
Paul Cézanne, Aeneas Meeting Dido at Carthage, c. 1875, Princeton University Art Museum
Divine semi-nudity on the Augustan Altar of Peace, combining Roman symbolism with a Greek stylistic influence
Representation of Cecrops I
Cecrops I from "Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum "
Apollo (early Imperial Roman copy of a fourth-century Greek original, Louvre Museum).
Inscription of Mycenaean Greek written in Linear B. Archaeological Museum of Mycenae.
Dipylon inscription, one of the oldest known samples of the use of the Greek alphabet, c. 740 BC
Coinage of Miletus at the time of Aristagoras. 5th century BC
A city street in Ramadi heavily damaged by the fighting in 2006
Damage to a mosque in Khoramshahr, Iran, the city that was invaded by Iraq in September 1980
Oil well fires rage outside Kuwait City in 1991.
Two Iraqi tanks lie abandoned near Kuwait City on 26 February 1991.
Proclaiming Claudius Emperor, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema, oil on canvas, 1867. According to one version of the story of Claudius' accession, members of the Praetorian Guard found him hiding behind a curtain in the aftermath of the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, and proclaimed him emperor.
The Castra Praetoria and ancient Rome
Remains of the Praetorian Gate
A Praetorian soldier armed with standard Roman weapon in 2nd century AD
Praetorian Guardsmen featured in a marble relief from the Arch of Claudius (51/52 AD)
A reenactor dressed as a Praetorian Vexillarius, the standard-bearer of the vexillum
Funeral inscription of Quintus Pomponius Poeninus, soldier of the IV Praetorian Cohort[9]
Section of Trajan's Column, Rome, showing the spiral friezes that represent the best surviving evidence of the equipment of imperial Roman soldiers
Scorpion pose in yoga has one or both legs pointing forwards over the head, like a scorpion's tail.[129]
Roman slingers (funditores) in action in the Dacian Wars. Detail from Trajan's Column, Rome
Roman military standards. The standards with discs, or signa (first three on left) belong to centuriae of the legion (the image does not show the heads of the standards - whether spear-head or wreathed-palm). Note (second from right) the legion's aquila. The standard on the extreme right probably portrays the She-wolf (lupa) which fed Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome. (This was the emblem of Legio VI Ferrata, a legion then based in Judaea, a detachment of which is known to have fought in Dacia). Detail from Trajan's Column, Rome
Routed Sarmatian cataphracts (right), allied to the Dacian king Decebalus, flee from charging Roman alares (auxiliary cavalrymen), during the Dacian Wars (AD 101-6). Note the Sarmatians' full-body scalar armour, also armoured caparison for horses (including eye-guards). The Sarmatians' lances (as well as the Romans') have disappeared due to stone erosion, but a sword is still visible, as is a bow carried by one man. Panel from Trajan's Column, Rome
Tombstone of auxiliary infantryman Marius son of Ructicnus. The inscription states that he was a miles (ranker) of the Alpine infantry regiment Cohors I Montanorum, who died in his 25th year of service. His heir, who erected the stone, is named Montanus, the same ethnic name as the regiment's, meaning a native of the eastern Alps, most likely the origin of the deceased. Note (top corners) the Alpine edelweiss flowers, called stella Alpina ("Alpine star") in Latin, probably a national symbol of the Montani. Probably dating from before 68, the memorial illustrates how auxiliary regiments maintained their ethnic identity in the Julio-Claudian period. From Carinthia, Austria
Relief panel from Trajan's Column in Rome, showing the building of a fort and the reception of a Dacian embassy
Roman legionaries building a road in Dacia during the Dacian wars (AD 101-6). Detail of bas-relief from Trajan's Column, Rome
Imperial horseguards (left) escort the emperor Trajan (centre right) on campaign in Dacia (AD 101-5). Detail from Trajan's Column, Rome
Jason and the Argonauts arriving at Colchis. The Argonautica tells the myth of their voyage to retrieve the Golden Fleece. This painting is located in the Palace of Versailles.
Map of Colchis and Iberia by Christoph Cellarius printed in Leipzig in 1706
Pelias, king of Iolcos, stops on the steps of a temple as he recognises young Jason by his missing sandal; Roman fresco from Pompeii, 1st century AD.
The champion Thoroughbred horse, Poseidon, had 11 wins as a 3-year-old racer. In Greek mythology, the god Poseidon was credited with the creation of horses.[122]
Athena (left) fighting the Giant Enceladus (inscribed retrograde) on an Attic red-figure dish, c. 550–500 BC (Louvre CA3662).[38]
Dionysus (left) with ivy crown, and thyrsus attacking a Giant, Attic red-figure pelike, c. 475–425 BC (Louvre G434).[56]
Poseidon (left) holding a trident, with the island Nisyros on his shoulder, battling a Giant (probably Polybotes), red-figure cup c. 500–450 BC (Cabinet des Medailles 573)[1]
One of Quebec's many national parks: the Île-Bonaventure-et-du-Rocher-Percé National Park.
Three Huron-Wyandot chiefs from Wendake. New France had largely peaceful relations with the indigenous people, such as their allies the Huron. After the defeat of the Huron by their mutual enemy, the Iroquois, many fled from Ontario to Quebec.
Winged Giant (usually identified as Alcyoneus), Athena, Gaia (rising from the ground), and Nike, detail of the Gigantomachy frieze, Pergamon Altar, Pergamon museum, Berlin
A Giant fighting Artemis. Illustration of a Roman relief in the Vatican Museum.[143]
Extent of the Achaean League on the eve of the war, showing the invasion routes of Mummius and Metellus