JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
The gold leaf electroscope to demonstrate the photoelectric effect. When the electroscope is negatively charged, there is an excess of electrons and the leaves are separated. If low-wavelength, high-frequency light (such as ultraviolet light obtained from an arc lamp, or by burning magnesium, or by using an induction coil between zinc or cadmium terminals to produce sparking) shines on the cap, the electroscope discharges, and the leaves fall limp. If, however, the frequency of the light waves is below the threshold value for the cap, the leaves will not discharge, no matter how long one shines the light at the cap.
The traditional basic colors of pigments: primary red, yellow, blue blended to form secondary orange, green, purple
Illustration of a range of ecological pyramids, including top pyramid of numbers, middle pyramid of biomass, and bottom pyramid of energy. The terrestrial forest (summer) and the English Channel ecosystems exhibit inverted pyramids.Note: trophic levels are not drawn to scale and the pyramid of numbers excludes microorganisms and soil animals. Abbreviations: P=Producers, C1=Primary consumers, C2=Secondary consumers, C3=Tertiary consumers, S=Saprotrophs.[5]
A trophic pyramid (a) and a simplified community food web (b) illustrating ecological relations among creatures that are typical of a northern Boreal terrestrial ecosystem. The trophic pyramid roughly represents the biomass (usually measured as total dry-weight) at each level. Plants generally have the greatest biomass. Names of trophic categories are shown to the right of the pyramid. Some ecosystems, such as many wetlands, do not organize as a strict pyramid, because aquatic plants are not as productive as long-lived terrestrial plants such as trees. Ecological trophic pyramids are typically one of three kinds: 1) pyramid of numbers, 2) pyramid of biomass, or 3) pyramid of energy.[5]
Mean free path of low-energy electrons. Secondary electrons are generally considered to have energies below 50 eV. The rate of energy loss for electron scattering is very low, so most electrons released have energies peaking below 5 eV(Seiler, 1983).
Secondary dominants in Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 10, op. 14, no. 2, mvmt. II[10]
Pole-mounted distribution transformer with center-tapped secondary winding used to provide "split-phase" power for residential and light commercial service, which in North America is typically rated 120/240 V.[1]
Demonstration of the effect of sunscreen. The man's face has sunscreen on his right side only. The left image is a regular photograph of his face; the right image is of reflected UV light. The side of the face with sunscreen is darker because the sunscreen absorbs the UV light.
Matsushima, flagship of the Japanese Navy in the Sino-Japanese War.
The French-built protected cruiser Matsushima, the flagship of the IJN at the Battle of the Yalu River (1894)
Officers of Matsushima.
ONI drawing of the Kuma class
The Canet gun on  Matsushima. Kobayashi Kiyochika, 1894
Original 1908 memorial to the cruiser Matsushima pictured. Modern park memorial in Magong City, Penghu County, Taiwan.
The pre-dreadnought battleship Mikasa, among the most powerful battleships of her time, in 1905, was one of the six battleships ordered as part of the program.
Notable figures in the first Scottish War of Independence
First War of Scottish Independence. Robert the Bruce addresses his troops before theBattle of Bannockburn. Drawing from c. 1900.
Carol Ann Duffy the first Scottish Poet Laureate.
Jim Murphy speaking against Scottish independence in Glasgow.
Nicola Sturgeon is the first female leader and First Minister of Scotland
Debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament, known as Holyrood.
Debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament
The Anglo-Scottish border
Timeline of Scottish Churches from 1560
Statue of John Knox, a leading figure of the Scottish Reformation.
Andrew Melville, credited with major reforms in Scottish universities in the sixteenth century
Map of the Scottish settlement on the isthmus of Panama as it was in 1699
David Hume and Adam Smith on the Scottish National Portrait Gallery
The SNP won 47 of the 129 seats, won seat more than Scottish Labour
A French Marine plays the bugle during the Gulf War, in March 1991.
Memorial Stained Glass window, Class of 1934, Royal Military College of Canada showing Officer Cadet playing the Bugle call for Last Post or The Rouse
A general aviation aircraft in the United States with its FAA civilian registration number (N98710), which also doubles as its call sign, displayed on the fuselage. However, since this is a Civil Air Patrol aircraft, it will generally be identified by CAPxxxx, based on the state from which it hails.
Notholithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides in Berkeley California
Notholithocarpus.
Japanese stone oak.
Gemmi Pass. Gemmi Pass
Aspy Fault as seen from the Cabot Trail lookout.
Gemmi Pass as seen from Leukerbad
Soft palate.
Incomplete cleft palate
Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind.
Hard palate. Mouth (oral cavity)
A repaired cleft palate on a 64-year-old female.
Hard palate. Upper respiratory system, with hard palate labeled at right.
Palate. Palate exhibitingtorus palatinus
An [mb] cluster in Sri Lanka Malay sam.bal has a longer nasal and a shorter preceding vowel
Palate. Head and neck.
Handwritten claim for copyright on "The Yellow Dugan Kid" to the Librarian of Congress  on September 7, 1896
The title card for The Captain and the Kids.
Cover to The Mad Adventures of Captain Klutz (Signet, 1967). Art by Don Martin.
"The Yellow Press", by L. M. Glackens, portrays William Randolph Hearst as a jester distributing sensational stories
Richard F Outcault's last Hogan's Alley cartoon for Truth magazine, Fourth Ward Brownies, was published on 9 February 1895 and reprinted in the New York World newspaper on 17 February 1895, beginning one of the first comic strips in an American newspaper. The character later known as the Yellow Kid had minor supporting roles in the strip's early panels. This one refers to The Brownies characters popularized in books and magazines by artist Palmer Cox.
Coin of Tissaphernes, with ΤΙΣΣΑ ("TISSA") clearly visible below neck. Astyra, Mysia.  Circa 400-395 BC
Cunaxa Location of the Battle of Cunaxa.
Retreat of the ten thousand, at the Battle of Cunaxa, Jean Adrien Guignet
Clearchus of Sparta at the 401 BC Battle of Cunaxa, by Adrien Guignet.
Route of Cyrus the Younger and the Ten Thousand mercenaries to Cunaxa, and return route of the Ten Thousand led by Xenophon, back to Byzantium, in red. The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.
Battle of Gaugamela, engraving, first half of 18th century.
Granite kurgan stela, Romania
A document from Khotan written in Khotanese Saka, part of the Eastern Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages, listing the animals of the Chinese zodiac in the cycle of predictions for people born in that year; ink on paper, early 9th century
Map of Kwajalein Atoll
30th Bombardment Group B-24 Liberators at Kwajalein Airfield, 1944
Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox is presented with the flag that flew over Kwajalein by Captain James H. Doyle.
Battle of Kwajalein. Soldiers of the U.S. 7th Infantry Division attack a Japanese blockhouse on Kwajalein.
Green Island from the air
NASAphotograph of Ducie Island
Ascension Island viewed from the south
Aerial view of Meck Island
PGM-17 Thor missile at Johnston Island
Tattooed women of Rennell Island, 1911.
Ebeye Island seaplane base in 1945
Tannin powder (mixture of compounds)
Todd Haberkorn voiced Allen Walker in the English dub of the series.
K-126 just east of the US-69/US-160 junction in Pittsburg
Start of OR 126
Santiam Junction. Highways at Santiam Junction
This diagram illustrates the twofold cost of sex. If each individual were to contribute to the same number of offspring (two), (a) the sexual population remains the same size each generation, where the (b) Asexual reproduction population doubles in size each generation.
This shows employee recognition by granting awards.
An anger management course.
The name of Allah as written on the disciple's heart, according to the Sarwari Qadri Order
Muhammed accompanied by the archangels Gabriel, Michael, Israfil und Azrael. Turkish Siyer-i-Nebi-work, 1595
Chicoutimi as seen from the bank of the Saguenay River
Panoramic view of the Saguenay River from St Anne's Cross (north shore) with downtown Chicoutimi in the background.
Saguenay River. Saguenay River, inside theSaguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park
Petit Saguenay River.
The City Hall of Saguenay
The Université du Québec à Chicoutimi main buildings
The "little white house" at Saguenay, in 2008.
Chicoutimi. Downtown Chicoutimi
Chicoutimi, 1893
Filtration plant in the borough of Chicoutimi
The "Endymion sarcophagus", early third century, found in 1806 at Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans, in Roman Gallia Aquitania (Louvre)
The Porta Nigra in Trier, capital of Gallia Belgica, constructed in 170 AD
Haseki Sultan Complex.
Portrait by an unknown painter titled The Ottoman Sultan and His Haseki
Haseki Sultan oftheOttoman Empire. Contemporary painting ofHürrem Sultan,Ruthenian-born legal wife ofSuleiman the Magnificent, first consort of an Ottoman Sultan to hold the title Haseki Sultan.
19th century map of central Somaliland showing the territory of Sultan Nur of the Habr Yunis
Turhan Sultan. Engraving of Turhan Sultan asValide Sultan, c. 19th century
Mihrimah Sultan. Portrait byCristofano dell'AltissimotitledCameria Solimani, 16th century
The entrance to the türbe of Hafsa Sultan
Kösem Sultan. Contemporary portrait by an unknown painter
Kösem Sultan’s letter to the Grand Vizier
Atik Valide Mosque constructed by Nurbanu Sultan
Entrance to the modern Sultan's palace in Sokoto
Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco.
Gülnuş Sultan. 19th Century posthumous portrait
The Papal Cathedra, the throne of the Pope in the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (Archibasilica Lateranensis).
The entrance to the Lateran Baptistery, adjacent to the Archbasilica
Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior at the Lateran. Façade of the Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior at the Lateran
The papal cathedra, the presence of which renders the archbasilica the cathedral of Rome, is located in its apse. The decorations are in cosmatesque style.
Baptistery of St. John next to the cathedral
The Duomo and Baptistery of St. John from Piazza del Duomo
Next to the formal entrance is the archbasilica's declaration to be the head, or Mother Church, of the entire world. Note the laurel wreath and the Papal tiara.
The Sarcophagus of Saint Helena, reused by Pope Anastasius IV, the only tomb to survive the Lateran fires. It is currently in the Vatican Museums.
Co-cathedral in Campagna (left) Co-cathedral in Acerno
Christus, by Lucas Cranach. This woodcut of John 13:14–17 is from Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist.[184] Cranach shows Jesus kissing Peter's foot during the footwashing. This stands in contrast to the opposing woodcut, where the pope demands others kiss his foot.
Holy Family Cathedral in Orange was the diocese's first cathedral.
Co-cathedral in Squillace
Nonantola Abbey, the co-cathedral
Co-cathedral in Bovino
Mutasarrifate of JerusalemKudüs-i Şerif Mutasarrıflığı. Vital Cuinet's 1896 map ofSyria, including the "Mutessariflik de Jerusalem"
View and Plan of Jerusalem. A woodcut in the Liber Chronicarum Mundi (Nuremberg 1493).
Map of Jerusalem as it appeared in the years 958–1052, according to Arab geographers such as al-Muqaddasi
1883 map of Jerusalem
Jordanian artillery shelling Jerusalem during the 1948 war
Manual of Palestinean Arabic, for self-instruction 1909
Aeschynanthus.
Aeschynanthus pulcher.
Aeschynanthus radicans.
Aeschynanthus longicaulis.
Aeschynanthus acuminatus.
Aeschynanthus speciosus.
Betel, a climbing plant
A cheetah marking a tree with urine
Painting showing the physician Constantine the African accepting urine samples for diagnosis
Biofeedback device for treating posttraumatic stress disorder
Different types of pessaries. These are inserted inside the vagina for support.
Urine collection device. Condom catheter
Group photo of Wikimedia Foundation staff in January 2019
Wikimedia Foundation and chapters finance meeting 2012, Paris
Wikimedia Foundation post-SOPA party, 2012
Exterior view of the previous Wikimedia Foundation's San Francisco headquarters at New Montgomery St in 2014
Katherine Maher became the third executive director of Wikimedia in 2016, succeeding Lila Tretikov, who had taken over from Sue Gardner in 2014.
Former Wikimedia Foundation executive Sue Gardner has listed reasons offered by some women in "Why Women Don't Edit Wikipedia".[107]
A group of Wikimedians of the Wikimedia DC chapter at the 2013 DC Wikimedia annual meeting standing in front of the Encyclopædia Britannica (back left) at the US National Archives
Financial development of the Wikimedia Foundation (in US$), 2003–2020Black: Net assets (excluding Wikimedia Endowment, currently at $90m+)Green: Revenue (excluding third-party donations to Wikimedia Endowment)Red: Expenses (including WMF payments to Wikimedia Endowment)[80]
Italian Valmara 69 bouncing type anti-personnel mine
Carl-Gustaf Recoilless Rifle. Carl Gustav M3 anti-tank rocket
Gepárd Anti-materiel rifle. The Gepárd anti-materiel rifle with bipod
Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr 13.2 x 92 mm anti-tank rifle at the Musée de l'Armée in Paris.
Polish Kb ppanc wz.35 7.92 mm anti-tank rifle used by the Polish Army in defence of Poland (September 1939).
Anti-personnel landmines
The KA-BAR knife was the most famous edged weapon of the war.
Vancouver Police Department officers in anti-riot gear and armed with tear gas grenade launchers confront Stanley Cup rioters.
New Zealand Officers of the British Expeditionary Force with a captured German anti-tank gun in Second Battle of Bapaume, France, during World War I. This photograph is evidence of how quickly military technology had to evolve during World War I.
Anti personnel mine in Cambodia
Anzio 20mm Anti-Materiel Rifle. Barrett M82(in background) with Anzio 20mm (in foreground)
Glycine and lysine linked by an isopeptide bond. The isopeptide bond is highlighted yellow.
City skyline through the fog, from the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
The Ferry Building after the 1906 earthquake
Bison Paddock, Golden Gate Park
The Golden Gate, featured on a postage stamp issued in 1923
Call Building, circa 1897-1905
The Golden Gate Ferry M/V Del Norte docked at the Ferry Building
The carousel building in Golden Gate Park
Effects of pounding against adjacent building, Loma Prieta
Partially collapsed adobe building in Westmorland, California
USGS ShakeMap showing the earthquake's intensity
The Ferry Building along the Embarcadero
Hotaling Building. Hotaling Building in 2008.
The Hallidie Building in 1981
Mills Building.
Mills Building
"Great Nave" of the Ferry Building after its renovations
The earliest known photograph of an intact giant squid, showing the arms, tentacles and buccal region of the head (including beak) of a specimen from Logy Bay, Newfoundland (#30 on this list), draped over Reverend Moses Harvey's sponge bath, November or December 1873. Harvey wrote in his journal: "I knew that I had in my possession what all the savants in the world did not […] what the museums in the world did not contain […] A photograph could not lie and would silence the gainsayers".[1] The photograph includes contemporaneous annotations by zoologist Addison Emery Verrill, including a 1-foot scale bar (top left) and detailed marginal notes.[nb 1]
Beak of a colossal squid from the Amundsen Sea off Antarctica. Being more-or-less indigestible, beaks are often the only identifiable colossal squid remains found in the stomachs of predatory species such as sperm whales. The colossal squid has the largest beak among living cephalopods,[27] with a lower rostral length around twice that of the giant squid.[28]
The 50th frame of the more than 550 taken on 30 September 2004 by Kubodera and Mori's remote camera system, and the first to capture the giant squid (#466). The downward-facing camera shows the squid attacking horizontally, its head and arms in frame. Between the arms, the bait appears to be enveloped in an irregular ball formed by the two long tentacles, a mode of attack the authors compared to that of pythons.[49]
This much-reproduced photograph shows a giant squid found at Ranheim in Trondheimsfjord, Norway, on 2 October 1954 (#136 on this list), being examined by Professors Erling Sivertsen and Svein Haftorn. The unusually complete specimen measured 9.24 m in total length and had a mantle length of 1.79 m. Specimens such as this, if properly preserved, can provide important scientific data long after they are collected; the animal pictured had its beak morphometrics and tentacle morphology studied by Roeleveld (2000) and Roeleveld (2002), respectively.
Giant squid (Architeuthis dux), modified from an illustration by Addison Emery Verrill (Verrill, 1880a: pl. 20; based on #42), showing the exceptionally long feeding tentacles, which are often missing or damaged in recovered specimens. Some of the more extreme published giant squid measurements have been attributed to artificial lengthening of these tentacles.[84] Almost the entire bulk of the animal—that is, the mantle, head, and arms—takes up less than half of its total length; the absence of the tentacles, therefore, has a great effect on the animal's total length but very little on its mass.
Giant isopodsTemporal range: Mid-MiocenetoHolocene,12.7–0MaPreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN.
A diver swimming with a live giant squid (#581) in Toyama Bay on 24 December 2015. The animal spent several hours in the harbour, where it was filmed by local divers before being guided out to sea. The resulting videos rank among the highest-quality live giant squid footage ever captured.[65] Note the animal's splayed arms, which it repeatedly wrapped around the divers when approached.[66]
A giant isopod (Bathynomus giganteus)
Drawing of Galiteuthis phyllura from the Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission (1881), showing the proportionately short length of the arms and tentacles
A giant salamander, the largest living amphibian.
Representative marine isopod forms
Enteroctopus dofleini, the giant Pacific octopus, is one of the two largest octopus species, the other being Haliphron atlanticus.
Erysimum nervosum.
Erysimum nervosum population in the Atlas Mountains, Morocco.
Erysimum.
Italian soldiers taken prisoner by the Germans in Corfu, September 1943
Map of the "Old Fortress" of Corfu, 1573.
Koum Quat liqueurs, produced in Corfu.
The Maitland Monument in Corfu town, built to commemorate Sir Thomas Maitland
CorfuΚέρκυραΧώρα. Corfu, as seen from theNew Fortress
Chrysaor. Chrysaor, son of the Gorgon at the pediment of theTemple of Artemis in Corfu
Serbian soldiers in Corfu during WWI
The harbour of Corfu in 1890
Old Corfu town as seen from the sea
Corfu library at Palaio Frourio
Archaeological Museum of Corfu.
Renovations at the archaeological museum of Corfu.
Remnants of the Artemis Sanctuary in Corfu
Kardaki Temple in Corfu
Typical houses of Corfu city.
People's National Army. People's National Army emblem
François Rochebrune in uniform of Zouave of Death
The Zouave statue by Georges Diebolt at the Pont de l'Alma in Paris
Members of the Jamaica Military Band in zouave style uniforms
The People's National Assembly
American Zouave ambulance crew demonstrating removal of wounded soldiers from the field, during the American Civil War.
Goslin Zouave, 95th Regt, Pv by Xanthus Russell Smith, 1861.
Algerian spahis of the Army of Africa 1886
French zouave, circa 1870
National Liberation Army soldiers next to the Algerian flag
The Algerian Desert makes up more than 90% of the country's total area
Graphical depiction of the country's exports in 28 colour-coded categories.
Water-raising pump powered by crank and connecting rod mechanism (Georg Andreas Böckler, 1661)
Continental engine marine crankshafts, 1942
Fork-and-blade connecting rods
Installed AMC V8 engine, manufactured 1956–1991
Wolseley 120 hp aircraft engine, circa 1910
Cutaway view of a V6 engine with double overhead camshafts
Mid-2000s Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine
A compound crank
Hand crank on a pencil sharpener
An MAN DM trunk piston diesel engine built in 1906. The MAN DM series is considered to be one of the first commercially successful diesel engines.[61]
1956–1958 Maserati 450S engine
1991–1994 Holden V8 engine
Phạm Văn Đồng. Phạm Văn Đồng in 1972
A monument to commemorate the Ban Me Thuot victory erected by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, located in Đắk Lắk Province
Battle of Đồng Hới. MiG-17F(No. 2047) manned by pilot Nguyen Van Bay "B", one of the VPAF's aircraft participating in the Battle of Đồng Hới
Bình Định ProvinceTỉnh Bình Định. Egg stone beach  •  Quy Nhơn beach  •  Phú Lốc tower  •  Quang Trung statue  •  Quy Nhơn river  •  Scenery  •  Old gate  •  Quy Nhơn city  •  Quang Trung museum  •  Tây Sơn river
Đồng Xoài in 1965
An aerial view of Đồng Xoài
The Quảng Trị Citadel and part of Quảng Trị City looking south, as they were in 1967
Pavilion of Splendour (Hiển Lâm Các)
USS Higbee showing the aft 5"/38 gun mount bombed during the battle of Đồng Hới
Battle of Đồng Xoài. Soldiers of theARVN 52nd Ranger Battalion(left) and a U.S. Army advisor (right) in Đồng Xoài.
Quảng Trị ProvinceTỉnh Quảng Trị. La Vang cathedral  •  Quảng Trị ancient wall  •  Thạch Hãn bridge  •  Giao Bưu statue  •  Monument of three banyan trees  •  Cửa Tùng beach  •  La Vang square  •  Lao Bảo border checkpoint  •  Hiền Lương bridge  •  Bến Hải beach  •  Hiền Lương gate  •  Vịnh Mốc beach  •  Khát Vọng monument
Bình Định Province Districts
Phuoc Tuy Province, South Vietnam
The Gornergrat railway station, the highest (open-air) railway station building on the continent
A train on the open-air section of the Jungfrau Railway, the highest in Europe
Lhasa railway station
Tanggula railway station building
Tanggula railway station platform
Remaining railway bridge 60 km from Mendoza
Wetland by the railway, near the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains
European rail subsidies in euros per passenger-km for 2008[101]
Jungfrau Railway. Kleine Scheidegg railway station
Specially built plateau coaches at Beijing West railway station, arriving from Lhasa as Z22
Line Z21/Z22 serves between Beijing West railway station and Lhasa railway station
Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway is shown on the map as light-blue color line.
Indian-head test pattern used during the black-and-white era before 1970. It was displayed when a television station first signed on every day.
Digital TV set-top box
A modern high gain UHF Yagi television antenna. It has 17 directors, and one reflector (made of 4 rods) shaped as a corner reflector.
The STS-121 launch seen from the LC-39 Press Site in July 2006
Comparison of launch vehicles. Show payload masses to LEO, GTO, TLI and MTO
AnAtlas-Centaurat LC-36 prior to the launch ofPioneer 10
AnAthena IIat LC-46 prior to the launch ofLunar Prospector.
The launch ofGOES-Natop aDelta IV, from SLC-37B in 2006
Falcon 9 Flight 20 flightpaths from launch on SLC-40 to landing at LZ-1 (formerly LC-13)
Nike Zeus for ZW-9 launch at WSMR on August 10, 1960
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite pre-launch, 2014.
SpaceX west coast launch facility at Vandenberg Space Force Base, during the launch of CASSIOPE, September 2013.
Map showing proposed locations of the control center and vertical launch area at the Texas facility, from the FAA draft Environmental Impact Statement, April 2013.
Themobile launcher platformat SLC-3E rolls back prior to the launch ofInSightin May 2018
An Iranian launch, used for fishing
Sentinel-2A launch on Vega on 23 June 2015.
A WW I motor launch -ML 59
The west front of the current United States Capitol.
A 20 mm Oerlikon gunner on board Dido having a cigarette lit by his friend between bombing attacks in the eastern Mediterranean, January 1942.
Le Malinunderway, circa 1940
Le Congo français in 1911
Le Triomphant having her bow painted by her crew in late 1940
Starboard aft quarter view of Le Triomphant
Le Terribleon hersea trials, 10 May 1935
Le Terrible after her modernization in the U.S., 18 May 1943
Le TriomphantinSan Diegoharbor, 26 April 1941
Le Malin or her sister ship Le Triomphant at sea after her overhaul in Boston