JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
The Sun, like all stars, appears from a distance to have a distinct surface, but on closer approach has no set surface,
Chimborazo, whose summit is the point on Earth's surface that is farthest from Earth's center[84]
Tilled farmland such as this is very susceptible to erosion from rainfall, due to the destruction of vegetative cover and the loosening of the soil during plowing.
Molecules on the surface of a tiny droplet (left) have, on average, fewer neighbors than those on a flat surface (right). Hence they are bound more weakly to the droplet than are flat-surface molecules.
Albic Luvisol – dark surface horizon on a bleached subsurface horizon (an albic horizon) that tongues into a clay illuviation (Bt) horizon
Ficus cuttings rooting in water
Fluorescent imaging of an emerging lateral root.
The growing tip of a fine root
A mug of foamy root beer
Drawing of root tip, showing young root hairs
Tetrahedral structure of water
A young girl drinking bottled water
Sterile water for injection
Nitrogen-fixing nodules on a clover root.
Alder tree root noduleSectionedWhole
Root, in red, of a C major chord (Play (help·info)). Note that the root is doubled at the octave.
Water fountain
Water is used for fighting wildfires.
Root.
Radiogram of a polydactyl left hand.
Bilateral polydactyly with short fingers in Ellis-van Creveld syndrome patient
Hamate bone. Left hand anterior view (palmar view). Hamate bone shown in red.
After blessing himself, Messi often celebrates a goal by pointing a finger on each hand towards the sky in dedication to his late grandmother.[526] His goal celebration features in the FIFA video game series, first appearing in FIFA 14.
Argentina fans with Messi and Maradona banners at the 2018 World Cup in RussiaThe Sistine Chapel of Football painting (Messi to the left, Maradona to the right), on the ceiling of a sports club, Sportivo Pereyra, in Barracas, Buenos Aires
Sailor hiking out on a Laser Radial
Messi (centre) and his teammates celebrating winning the FIFA Club World Cup in December 2011
Messi (Golden Ball winner) pictured with future Barcelona team-mate Neymar (Bronze Ball winner) at the conclusion of 2011 FIFA Club World Cup.
Picture. Rumex crispusCurly dock or yellow dockIn Western herbalism the root is often used for treating anemia, due to its high level of iron.[150]The plant will help with skin conditions if taken internally or applied externally to things like itching, scrofula, and sores. It is also used for respiratory conditions, specifically those with a tickling cough that is worse when exposed to cold air. It mentions also passing pains, excessive itching, and that it helps enlarged lymphs.[151]
Siena's Santa Maria della Scala Hospital, one of Europe's oldest hospitals. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church established universities to revive the study of sciences, drawing on the learning of Greek and Arab physicians in the study of medicine.
Picture. Anemone hepaticaCommon hepaticaHistorically used to treat liver diseases, it is still used in alternative medicine today. Other modern applications by herbalists include treatments forpimples,bronchitisandgout.[27]
A manuscript of Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah by Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Imam of Shia Muslims. The text says: "Golden dissertation in medicine which is sent by Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha, peace be upon him, to al-Ma'mun."
Picture. Santalum albumIndian sandalwoodSandalwood oil has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment ofcommon colds,bronchitis,skin disorders, heart ailments, general weakness,fever, infection of the urinary tract, inflammation of the mouth and pharynx, liver and gallbladder complaints and other maladies.[156]
Picture. Ruellia tuberosaMinnieroot, fever root, snapdragon rootIn folk medicine and Ayurvedic medicine it has been used as adiuretic,anti-diabetic,antipyretic,analgesic,antihypertensive,gastroprotective, and to treatgonorrhea.[149]
Tribal Colleges preserve and pass on both general knowledge and, through employing community Elders, traditional Indigenous knowledge. (Leech Lake Tribal College, Minnesota)
Drawing by Marguerite Martyn (1918) of a visiting nurse in St. Louis, Missouri, with medicine and babies
Seirogan, a type of antidiarrhoeal drug in Japan developed based on Kanpo medicine theory
The Chinese traditional medicine at one of Chinese traditional medicine shop at Jagalan Road, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Statue ofAsclepius, theGreek godof medicine, holding the symbolicRod of Asclepiuswith its coiledserpent
Picture. Reichardia tingitanaFalse sowthistleUses in folk medicine have been recorded in the Middle East, its leaves being used to treat ailments such as constipation, colic and inflamed eyes.[147]
Picture. Capsicum annuumCayenneType ofchilithat has been used as both food and medicine for thousands of years. Uses have included reducing pain and swelling, loweringtriglycerideandcholesterollevels and fighting viruses and harmful bacteria, due to high levels ofVitamin C.[46][47][48]
Vaginal ultrasonography with an endometrial fluid accumulation (darker area) in a postmenopausal uterus, a finding that is highly suspicious for endometrial cancer
Breast cancer showing an inverted nipple, lump, and skin dimpling.
A micrograph of Type 2 PRCC, showing cells containing abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with prominent nucleoli.[20]
The diaminopimelic acid lysine biosynthetic pathway
Mycophenolate mofetil, a prodrug form of mycophenolic acid used in medicine
Macrobodies composed of purinosome members.Purine biosynthesis enzymes cluster into discrete intracellular bodies when transiently expressed as fusions to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in HeLa cells.[10] FGAMS is an alternate name for PFAS.
General mechanism used by the enzyme IMPDH to convert IMP to XMP. Only the purine portion of each molecule is shown.
The main purine-derived nucleobases.
purine nucleosidase. Purine nucleosidase tetramer, Saccharolobus solfataricus
Robots used for the high-throughput screening of chemical libraries to discover new enzyme inhibitors
This ship's prefix "MSC" indicates the owner, Mediterranean Shipping Company.
"No one in the history of civilization has shaped our understanding of science and natural philosophy more than the great Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle (384-322 BC), who exerted a profound and pervasive influence for more than two thousand years" —Gary B. Ferngren[10]
Jon Ritzheimer, pictured here in May 2015, was identified as one of the leaders of the militant occupation.
The Safeway parking lot in Burns, Oregon where participants gathered prior to the occupation.
Alessandro Volta, the inventor of the electrical battery and discoverer of methane, is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists in history.
This USGS satellite image of the MNWR headquarters complex is labeled to show key locations referenced in news reports of the militia occupation: (1) fire lookout used by militants as watch tower, (2) MNWR offices used as headquarters building, (3) residential buildings used by militants as barracks and canteen.
Biologist conducting research
Marine Biologist Rachel Carson launched the 20th century environmental movement.
The headquarters of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (pictured here in 2008) were occupied by militants in early 2016.
Information exchange between processing elements during upward (blue) and downward (red) phase in the Pipelined Binary Tree Prefix Sum algorithm.
The Addams Family. One ofCharles Addams' original cartoons,An Addams Family Holiday, showing (from left to right)Pugsley,Wednesday,Gomez, Aristotle the octopus,Fester, andMorticia Addams
Common carotid artery. The common carotid artery and its main branches
An artist's impression of Sirius A and Sirius B, a binary star system. Sirius A, an A-type main-sequence star, is the larger of the two.
Cephalic presentation.
Regular physical activity, such as riding a bicycle or walking, reduces the risk of lifestyle diseases.
A mento-posterior face presentation, William Smellie, 1792
Arteries of the neck. The right common carotid artery – labeled Common caroti in the figure – divides into the right internal carotid artery and external carotid artery.
Part of the constellation of Carina, Epsilon Carinae is an example of a double star featuring a main-sequence B-type star. The primary is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III, hence its yellowish color. The secondary is a typical core hydrogen-fusing B-type main sequence star of spectral class B2 Vp.
Two-piece, hard starch capsules
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a standard medical text for midwives published in 1513.
Illustration of an embolic stroke, showing a blockage lodged in a blood vessel.
A slice of brain from the autopsy of a person who had an acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke
In Alzheimer's disease, changes in tau protein lead to the disintegration of microtubules in brain cells.
Heart and its blood vessels, by Leonardo da Vinci, 15th century
PET scan of the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease showing a loss of function in the temporal lobe
The Human Brain Project is a large scientific research project, starting in 2013, which aims to simulate the complete human brain.
Heart. The human heart
Blood. Venous (darker) and arterial (brighter) blood
Destruction of Glutamate decarboxylase (pictured here) via autoantibodies is strongly linked with LADA type 1 diabetes.
autoimmune attack in type 1 diabetes.
Rates of diabetes worldwide in 2014. The worldwide prevalence was 9.2%.
Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are potential complications of diabetes
Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes
A kit with a glucose meter and diary used by a woman with gestational diabetes.
Effect of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism. Insulin binds to its receptor (1) on the cell membrane which in turn starts many protein activation cascades (2). These include: translocation of Glut-4 transporter to the plasma membrane and influx of glucose (3), glycogen synthesis (4), glycolysis (5) and fatty acid synthesis (6).
An example of refraction of light. The straw appears bent, because of refraction of light as it enters liquid (the water, in this case) from air.
Beam of sun light inside the cavity of Rocca ill'Abissu at Fondachelli-Fantina, Sicily
Anatomy of the Eye, 1200 A.D.
Eye. Compound eyeof anAntarctic krill
Red eye.
Human eye
The eye of a red-tailed hawk
eye with iritis showing ciliary flush
MRI scan of human eye
The outer parts of the eye.
Human eye cross-sectional view
A detailed depiction of eye using a 3D medical illustration
The light circle is the optic disc where the optic nerve exits the retina
Two men staring each other in the eye during a political argument
Schematic diagram of pupillary light reflex neural pathway
An image of a house fly compound eye surface by using scanning electron microscope
Two dogs showing threat display in  playful mock combat
Spirama helicina resembling the face of a snake in a deimatic or bluffing display
A. p. piscivorus – gaping is part of the typical threat display, the white mouth giving it the nickname "cottonmouth".
The posture of a grey reef shark during normal swimming (right) and a threat display (left) - the bottom line shows the shark's swimming pattern.
Male and female long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus, mutual courtship display
Wasp 'walking' a roach
John Gould's illustration of Darwin's rhea was published in 1841. The existence of two rhea species with overlapping ranges influenced Darwin.
Spider wasp (Pompilidae), an idiobiont, carrying a jumping spider she has just paralysed back to her nest, where she will lay an egg on it.
Housefly pupae killed by parasitoid wasp larvae (probably Pteromalidae). Each pupa has one hole through which a single adult wasp has emerged after feeding on the housefly larva.
Many philosophers argue that the differential treatment of cows and dogs is an example of speciesism. They argue that members of the two species share similar interests and should be given equal consideration as a result, yet in many cultures cows are used as livestock and killed for food, while dogs are treated as companion animals.
Parasitoid wasp (Ichneumonidae) pointing ovipositor at cinnabar moth larva, just after ovipositing. The larva wriggles vigorously to try to avoid the attack.
HMS Wasp (1880), one of nine Royal Navy warships to bear the name
Emerald cockroach wasp.
Mammoth wasp.
Pleistodontes sp. female
Ensign wasp in amber
Potter wasp building mud nest, France. The latest ring of mud is still wet.
White, speckled (red), and brown chicken eggs.
Several burnt roaches and a joint
Hanácké kraslice, Easter eggs from the Haná region, the Czech Republic.
Very dark brown eggs of Marans, a French breed of chicken.
The Coventry Building Society Arena, Wasps' home ground since December 2014
Fig wasps.
Social wasps constructing a paper nest
Rockhall Cottage, the Don Whillans Memorial Hut at the Roaches
Eggs with carrot, Parmesan and cream
Eggs Benedict with bacon, with paprika sprinkled on top
Traditional Eggs Benedict with Canadian bacon on an English muffin with Hollandaise sauce
A bowl of deviled eggs
Easter eggs before and after colouring
Guillemot eggs
The original Wasps logo used until 1999
It is legal to consume alcohol beverages on New Jersey Transit trains.
Alcohol consumption per person in 2016. Consumption of alcohol is measured in liters of pure alcohol per person aged 15 or older.[23]
Pathogenesis of alcohol induced liver injury
A row of alcoholic beverages – in this case, spirits – in a bar
Ocean City was founded in 1879 as a dry town, and it never has issued a liquor license, forbids the sale of alcohol, and prohibits BYOB at restaurants.
Alcoholic drinks in China. The courtyard of a Chinese vintner, including sealed jars ofhuangjiubeing stored and aged
Reduction of red wine for a sauce by cooking it on a stovetop. It is called a reduction because the heat boils off some of the water and most of the more volatile alcohol, leaving a more concentrated, wine-flavoured sauce.
Two female figurines with bitumen headdresses, ceramic. Ur, Ubaid 4 period, 4500–4000 BCE
Locally produced crockery jars of baijiu in a liquor store in Haikou on Hainan, with signs indicating the alcohol content and price per jin (1/2 kilo).
A bowl and stove used for the preparation of alcohol during the early Han dynasty.
Plot of the Internet host count over time shown on a logarithmic scale
Four Loko beverage, the most common caffeinated alcoholic beverage
Sandy Hook is one of the few places in New Jersey where alcohol may be consumed on a beach without a permit.
Atlantic City is one of the few municipalities in New Jersey that allow the sale of alcohol 24 hours per day.
High magnification micrograph of a liver with cirrhosis. Trichrome stain. The most common cause of cirrhosis in the Western world is alcohol use disorder – the cause of cirrhosis in this case.
Liver steatosis (fatty liver disease) as seen on CT
Liver transplantation. A healthy human liver removed at autopsy
Liver. The human liver is located in the upper rightabdomen
Liver tumor types by relative incidence in adults in the United States (liver cancers in dark red color).[39]
Active site of RuBisCO of Galdieria sulphuraria with CO2: Residues involved in both the active site and stabilizing CO2 for enzyme catalysis are shown in color and labeled. Distances of the hydrogen bonding interactions are shown in angstroms. Mg2+ ion (green sphere) is shown coordinated to CO2, and is followed by three water molecules (red spheres). All other residues are placed in grayscale.
Armstrong speaking in February 2012 on the 50th anniversary of John Glenn's first spaceflight
Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, presenting a badge to Neil Armstrong, Star City, USSR, June 1970
Carbon is separated into four distinct pools based on whether it is organic/inorganic and whether it is dissolved/particulate. The processes associated with each arrow describe the transformation associated with the transfer of carbon from one reservoir to another.
Major royal jelly protein. MRJP1 oligomer showing the H-like complex structure that contains four MRJP1 (green or cyan), four apisimin (yellow or wheat), and eight 24-methylenecholesterol (blue, purple, orange, or lime sticks) molecules
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase. A 3d depiction of the activated RuBisCO from spinach in open form with active site accessible. The active site Lys175 residues are marked in pink, and a close-up of the residue is provided to the right for one of the monomers composing the enzyme.
The First Step: Chapter Three.
Action potential propagation along an axon
Order-5-7 hexagonal honeycomb. Ideal surface
3D model of a pentagonal pyramid
Order-5-6 hexagonal honeycomb. Poincaré disk modelIdeal surface
Order-6-5 pentagonal honeycomb. Poincaré disk modelIdeal surface
Order-5-5 pentagonal honeycomb. Poincaré disk modelIdeal surface
Prismoidswith hexagons. Hexagonal prismHexagonal antiprismHexagonal pyramid
TetartoidTetragonal pentagonal dodecahedron. (Seeherefor a rotating model.)
Isosceles. Pentagonalfrustumis a pentagonal pyramid with its apex truncatedThe top of anicosahedronis a pentagonal pyramid
Axon. An axon of a multipolar neuron
Skeletal muscle. A top-down view of skeletal muscle
3D rendering of a skeletal muscle fiber
Muscle types by fiber arrangement
Front and back views of the major skeletal muscles of the human bodyFront view of major skeletal musclesBack view of major skeletal muscles
The body contains three types of muscle tissue: (a) skeletal muscle, (b) smooth muscle, and (c) cardiac muscle.
Pentagonal trapezohedron
Basic structure of navigational CODASYL database model
Collage of five types of database models
The general structure of a relational database
An artist's impression of a shadow person.
An abstract painting of a person by Paul Klee. The concept of a person can be very challenging to define.
Before the popularity of first-person shooters, the first-person viewpoint was used in vehicle simulation games such as Battlezone.
More 21st century first-person shooters utilize the Internet for multiplayer features, but local area networks were commonly used in early games.
Although it was not the earliest shooter game with a first-person perspective, Wolfenstein 3D is often credited with establishing the first-person shooter genre and many of its staples.
The A Word.
Microsoft Word 2007
Person to Person. Theatrical release poster
Microsoft Word 2011 running on OS X
Microsoft Word 2010 running on Windows 7
A story being written and formatted in Word, running onWindows 10
Permacath for dialysis
Dialysis. Patient receiving hemodialysis
Arm hooked up to dialysis tubing.
A depiction of peritoneal dialysis.
On for example optical densitometry, a first and second wave of platelet aggregation is seen, in this case for an ADP-initiated aggregation. Data suggest that ADP activates the PI3K/Akt pathway during the first wave of aggregation, leading to thrombin generation and PAR‐1 activation, which evokes the second wave of aggregation.[48]
Diagram of the structure of a platelet showing the granules
Platelet concentrate.
Platelet clumps in a blood smear
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
Lyssa zampa.
Lyssa zampa from Laos
Linnaeus gave two names to the seasonally polyphenic map butterfly.The spring generation was named Papilio levana.The summer generations were named Papilio prorsa.
Headstone of him and his son Carl Linnaeus the Younger
Carl Peter Thunberg was a VOC physician and an apostle of Linnaeus.
Zodiacal ox, showing the Chinese character niú  (牛), meaning "ox" or "bovine creature". The same character is also used in some related languages.
Mainland China中国大陆中國大陸[I]. The geopolitical term "Mainland China" (the highlighted area as shown above) defined as territories under direct administration of the People's Republic of China, including islands ofHainanandZhoushanetc.
The word HEBREW written in modern Hebrew language (top) and in Paleo-Hebrew alphabet (bottom)
Chinese martial arts (Wushu).
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, one of the first Chinese spaceports
March in memory of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo who died of organ failure while in government custody in 2017
The Port of Shanghai's deep water harbor on Yangshan Island in the Hangzhou Bay is the world's busiest container port since 2010.
The Great Hall of the Peoplewhere the National People's Congress convenesThe Zhongnanhai, a headquarter of the Chinese government and Chinese Communist Party.
The Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China to defeat the anti-foreign Boxers and their Qing backers. The image shows a celebration ceremony inside the Chinese imperial palace, the Forbidden City after the signing of the Boxer Protocol in 1901.
Geographic distribution of religions in China.[555][556][557][558]■ Chinese folk religion (and Confucianism, Taoism, and groups of Chinese Buddhism)■ Buddhism tout court■ Islam■ Ethnic minorities' indigenous religions■ Mongolian folk religion■ Northeast China folk religion influenced by Tungus and Manchu shamanism, widespread Shanrendao
Upper motor neuron. The motor tract
Alpha motor neuron. Alpha motor neurons are derived from thebasal plate(basal lamina) of the developingembryo.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of enterovirus species A, B, C, D and rhinovirus A, B, or C isolates from Latin America:  The 5'UTR region is much more affected by recombination events than the VP4/VP2 coding sequence.[10]  Polio is in the enterovirus C species; enterovirus 71, a strain of enterovirus A, has been reported to cause rare neurological complications; the suspected cause of the 2014 cases is a strain of enterovirus D.  Most enteroviruses and rhinoviruses cause only common cold symptoms.
Denervation of skeletal muscle tissue secondary to poliovirus infection can lead to paralysis.
Under the influence of the protein sonic hedgehog, shown here, cells of the floor plate of the developing spinal cord differentiate into alpha motor neurons.
The Common Cause. Advertisement
Young America's dilemma: Shall I be wise and great, or rich and powerful? (1901 year poster)
Cartoon showing William Ewart Gladstone in a dilemma - if he climbs to escape the guard dog he will face the man's wrath, and vice versa
Chief cell. Human chief cells near tip of RED pointer
Gastric mucosa. Stomach
Gastric glands. Cardiacglands shown atcand their ducts atd
Immunofluorescence staining pattern of gastric parietal antibodies on a stomach section
Chief cells are part of fundic gland polyps (here shown in high magnification).[11]
Human parietal cells (pink staining) – stomach.
Parathyroid chief cell. Micrographof aparathyroid gland.H&E stain.
Pepsin. Pepsin in complex withpepstatin.[1]
Historical depiction of the digestive system, 17th century Persia
Adams Pepsin Tutti Frutti Gum, marketed "For relief of indigestion and dyspepsia"
Human digestive system. Human digestive system
Adult digestive system
Action of digestive hormones
Beeman's Pepsin Gum
Digestive system.
3D Medical Illustration Explaining Oral Digestive System
Hallucination.
Fatal insomnia.
A signboard for the Frontier Closed Area in Hong Kong
"Insomnia".
Insomnia Cookies in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Computer vision for people counter purposes in public places, malls, shopping centres
Computer motherboard
Charles Bonnet, the first person to describe the syndrome.
IBM 5150 Personal Computer
Vision. Vision on the cover ofAvengers#24.1 (March 2012).Art byBrandon Peterson.
Apple II computer
Altair 8800 computer
A laptop computer
Illustration depicting ovulation and fertilization.
Zygote: egg cell after fertilization with a sperm. The male and female pronuclei are converging, but the genetic material is not yet united.
Fertilization and implantation in humans.
UDP-glucuronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase. Structure of TDP-vancosaminyltransferase GtfD as a complex with TDP and the natural substrate, desvancosaminyl vancomycin.[1]
Two protein domains (left, orange-yellow, and right, green-blue) dimerize to form UGT2B7. Both domains contain Rossmann-like folds, beta sheets (arrows) surrounded by alpha helices (spirals), which bind UDP-glucuronic acid.