JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
The world's first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782–83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical changes; calculations which were based on Joseph Black's prior discovery of latent heat.  These experiments mark the foundation of thermochemistry.[citation needed]
History of geometric calculus.
Isaac Newton developed the use of calculus in his laws of motion and gravitation.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was the first to state clearly the rules of calculus.
The 20 fathoms (37 m) coastal limit for catching yelloweye, as defined at the coast of Washington state. Other states have a similar policy to protect the species.
Rock cod.
A section of US 2 near Waterville, Washington
A cod
The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua
Modern cod liver oil capsules
Making and loading of cod liver oil,  Conche, Newfoundland, 1857.
For hundreds of years fishing villages in the archipelago of Lofoten, Norway,  produced dried and salted cod from cod fisheries. These villages were centred around the area now occupied by the village of Reine (pictured).
Cape Cod. Cape Cod National Seashore
Cape Cod was formed by retreating glaciers[17]
Geologic makeup of Cape Cod
View of Cape Cod from the ISS
Route 2 in Gilead, Maine
Ownership of federal lands in the 50 states
Artist's concept of the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite in orbit.
Example of 2-D Slices of 3-D Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging From Field-II Simulation [1]
Long-range radar antenna, used to track space objects and ballistic missiles.Radar of the type used for detection of aircraft. It rotates steadily, sweeping the airspace with a narrow beam.
EISCAT radar in Sodankylä, Finland
A multistatic radar system
Resolving multiple targets using multistatic radar
Bistatic radar theory
Surveillance radar antenna
Marcus Valerius Maximianus. Roman inscription on the castle rock inTrenčín
Kurds, Assyrians, and Arabs demonstrate against the Syrian government in Qamishli, 6 January 2012
The Last Assyrians.
Assyrians producing butter in Persia
Persian Assyrians fromSanandaj,Iran
Cavalry pictured with the bodies of slain Assyrians at the mission in Urmia
Assyrians in Russia protesting Iraqi church bombings in 2006
Celebration of Corpus Christi in Iraq, 1920, attended by Assyrians and Armenians.
Jilu Assyrians crossing the Asadabad Pass towards Baqubah
A massacre of Armenians and Assyrians in the city of Adana, Ottoman Empire, April 1909
Assyrians standing next to thegenocidemonument inWestern Sydney.
Assyrians celebrating the annualAssyrian New Year(Sheeta Khata Howa Brikha) inDuhok
Modern Assyrians celebrating the annual festival of Kha b-Nisan (Akitu) in Nuhadra (Duhok, Iraq)
Al-Lat was the god of Arabs before Islam; It was found in Ta'if
The ruins of Palmyra. The Palmyrenes were a mix of Arabs, Amorites and Arameans.
Beijing National Aquatics Center
The Beijing National Aquatics Center at night
The Beijing National Stadium
China National Convention Center. China National Convention Center in 2019
Model of a Chinese Siheyuan in Beijing, which shows off the symmetry, enclosed heavy platform and a large roof that floats over this base, with the vertical walls not as well emphasized.
Sadaharu Oh managing the Japan national team in the 2006 World Baseball Classic. Playing for the Central League's Yomiuri Giants (1959–80), Oh set the professional world record for home runs.
World Baseball Classic Championship Trophy
Puerto Rico national team at the 2013 World Baseball Classic
2009 World Baseball Classic finals. Kenji Johjima and Yu Darvish
The first and oldest fossil of Chambered Nautilus displayed at the Philippine National Museum.
A river baptism in North Carolina at the turn of the 20th century. Full-immersion (submersion) baptism continues to be a common practice in many African-American Christian congregations today.
UC3 Nautilus
Nautilus under way.
Launching Nautilus
Nautilus belauensis.
Nautilus with extended tentacles and hyponome visible
Shell characters of the genera Nautilus and Allonautilus
Nautilus, as pictured in The Mysterious Island.
USS Nautilus, c. 1965
Awaiting submersion baptism in the Jordan river
Admiral Hyman G. Rickover aboard the Nautilus
Nautilus's reactor core prototype at the S1W facility in Idaho
Nautilus passes under the George Washington Bridge during a visit to New York Harbor in 1956
Baptism by submersion in the Eastern Orthodox Church (Sophia Cathedral, 2005)
"You Better Wait". Artwork for US CD single
"Happy Birthday to You". Candles spelling "Happy Birthday", one of many types of birthday cake decorations that accompany this song
"Missing You".
You Are What You Is.
Sorry to Bother You. Theatrical release poster
The Last Detail. Theatrical release poster
Ford Taurus Limited
Taurus.
Ford Taurus SHO.
Ford Taurus SEL
2013 Taurus SHO
Apis cerana
Ford Taurus. 2010 Ford Taurus Limited
1991 Ford Taurus GL sedan
1986–1991 Ford Taurus wagon
1992 Ford Taurus wagon
1996–1997 Ford Taurus sedan
1996–1997 Ford Taurus LX wagon
Caesium chloride powder
Sludge from a pond; the black color is due to metal sulfides
Caesium crystals (golden) compared to rubidium crystals (silvery)
Space-filling model of a short section of a polyphenylene sulfide chain from the crystal structure[1]
FOCS 1, a caesium atomic clock in Switzerland
Pollucite, a caesium mineral
Monatomic caesium halide wires grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes.[25]
Gustav Kirchhoff (left) and Robert Bunsen (centre) discovered caesium with their newly invented spectroscope.
Static, dynamic, and requirements models for systems partition.
Systems engineering techniques are used in complex projects: spacecraft design, computer chip design, robotics, software integration, and bridge building. Systems engineering uses a host of tools that include modeling and simulation, requirements analysis and scheduling to manage complexity.
The display and keyboard (DSKY) interface of the Apollo Guidance Computer mounted on the control panel of the command module, with the flight director attitude indicator (FDAI) above
The Destiny module being installed on the ISS
The Columbus module on the ISS
The scope of systems engineering activities[25]
Modular computer design
Apollo computer DSKY user interface unit
NanoRacks Bishop airlock module installed on the ISS.
Artist's rendering of the Nauka module docked to Zvezda
The cancelled Habitation module under construction at Michoud in 1997
A Studio Electronics Omega 2 rackmount module.
Flatpack silicon integrated circuits in the Apollo guidance computer
Prototype logic module from Block I AGC
Example of functional decomposition in a systems analysis.
Note the stopcock, glass tube at the right, and ground glass joint in this pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. An ordinary dropping funnel lacks the pressure-equalizing glass tube at the right side.
Pear-shaped separatory funnel
Ear specula are funnel-shaped.
Iron rings used in a laboratory
Molly fastener
A staple (from which the paper fastener was developed)
Contact angle measurements can be used to determine the surface energy of a material.
A funnel for hot filtration
The classic funnel web radiating from the spider's retreat
A Büchner funnel with a sintered glass disc
A funnel cake topped with custard and whipped cream.
Australian funnel-web spider.
A typical kitchen funnel
A ceramic Roman kitchen funnel (1st–3rd century AD)
A Büchner funnel fitted with Sintered Disc made of Boro 3.3 Glass.
Wood can be cut into straight planks and made into a wood flooring.
A turned wood bowl with natural edges
Wood carving with a chainsaw
Wood knot in vertical section
Wood sculpture made by Alexander Grabovetskiy
Chelation therapy. Two molecules ofdeferasirox, an orally administered chelator, bindingiron. Deferasirox is used in the treatment oftransfusional iron overloadin people withthalassemia.
A 25-foot (7.6 m) wall of coal fly ash contaminated with toxic heavy metals, resulting from the release of 5.4 million cubic yards of coal fly ash slurry into the Emory River, Tennessee, and nearby land and water features, in December 2008.[1] Testing showed significantly elevated levels of arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium in samples of slurry and river water.[2] Cleanup costs may exceed $1.2 billion.[3]
Therapy. Children undergoing therapy forpolio.
Crystals of osmium, a heavy metalnearly twice as dense as lead.[1]
Heavy Metal. Theatrical release poster
A graph showing the percentage of the popular vote received by major parties in general elections (1832–2005), with the rapid rise of the Labour Party after its founding during the late 19th century being clear as it became one of the two major forces in politics
17. 17Tom Watson(born 1967)West Bromwich East12 September 201512 December 2019Shadow minister for the Cabinet OfficeChair of the Labour PartyShadow Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and SportCorbyn
18. 18Angela Rayner(born 1980)Ashton-under-Lyne4 April 2020IncumbentChair of the Labour Party(until 8 May 2021)Shadow First Secretary of StateShadow Chancellor of the Duchy of LancasterShadow Minister for the Cabinet OfficeStarmer
Gordon Brown, Labour Prime Minister (2007–2010)
James Callaghan, Labour Prime Minister (1976–79)
Clement Attlee, Labour Prime Minister (1945–51)
Ramsay MacDonald, first Labour Prime Minister (1924 and 1929–1931)
Harold Wilson, Labour Prime Minister (1964–70 and 1974–76)
Ramsay MacDonald, the first Labour Prime Minister, 1924, 1929–35 (National from 1931 to 1935)
Keir Hardie, one of the Labour Party's founders and its first leader
Labour Party Plaque from Caroone House, 14 Farringdon Street
Chair of the Labour Party. IncumbentAnneliese Doddssince 9 May 2021
Leader of the Labour Party. IncumbentKeir Starmersince 4 April 2020
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party. IncumbentAngela Raynersince 4 April 2020
Coordinates. Location of Bonin Islands in Oceania
Hedera canariensis juvenile leaves, Gomera, Canary Islands.
The leaves on this plant are arranged in pairs opposite one another, with successive pairs at right angles to each other (decussate) along the red stem. Note the developing buds in the axils of these leaves.
A Bonin petrel
The scale-shaped leaves of the Norfolk Island Pine.
Some insects, like Kallima inachus, mimic leaves
New Zealand troops land on Vella Lavella, in Solomon Islands.
The leaves on this plant are alternately arranged (Senecio angulatus).
Hedera helix adult leaves and unripe berries in Ayrshire, Scotland
Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) leaves are covered in dense, stellate trichomes.
Vein skeleton of a leaf. Veins contain lignin that make them harder to degrade for microorganisms.
UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Ogasawara Islands, consisting of the Mukojima, Chichijima, and Hahajima island groups, are located far south of theJapanese Archipelago
Broad beans, shelled and steamed
The Entertainer. First edition cover of "The Entertainer"
"The Entertainer".
The first page of "The Easy Winners" by Scott Joplin shows ragtime rhythms and syncopated melodies.
Italian singer Zucchero is credited as the "Father of Italian Blues", and is among the few European blues artists who still enjoy international success.[113]
GAU-8/A Avenger. The GAU-8/A Avenger's barrel and breech assembly(ammunition drum off right edge of photo).
GAU-17/A
MXU-470/A modules in an AC-47
FAST Marine firing a GAU-17/A minigun
Douglas AC-47 Spooky with SUU-11/A pods
M61 Vulcan. An unmounted M61A1 Vulcan withflash suppressorused in the SUU-16/A gun pod
A monument to the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti outside the Norfolk Superior Court in Dedham, Massachusetts.
Global Trade Exchange (GTX)[1] as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008
Michael Chertoff spearheaded the Global Trade Exchange as a DHS joint project with the DOD and ODNI
CBP Ahern presented the Global Trade Exchange at a Maritime Security Expo, November 2007.[14]
Financial Services Data Warehouse.[5] The early version of the Global Trade Exchange, presented at APEC seminar, Chile 2004
Sam Banks, a former Deputy Commissioner, U.S. Customs Authority working for U.S. trade law firm Sandler, Travis and Rosenberg.[31] forwarded the Global Trade Exchange
Jon D. Glassman, former State Department Official, currently Vice President for Government Affairs at Northrop Grumman, forwarded the Global Trade Exchange in the Asia-Pacific and Middle-East regions
U.S. Trade Balance and Trade Policy (1895–2015)
The global digital divide: Computers per 100 people
Shenzhen Stock Exchange, a stock exchange in Shenzhen, China
Shanghai Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in mainland China
London Stock Exchange in 1810
Tokyo Stock Exchange, Tokyo
The floor of the New York Stock Exchange
The offices of Bursa Malaysia, Malaysia's national stock exchange (known before demutualization as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange)
Dan Fogelberg. Fogelberg in 1974
Greatest Hits 1982–1989.
The Very Best of Dan Fogelberg.
John Denver's Greatest Hits Volume 3.
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3.
Greatest Hits Volume III: I'm a Survivor.
Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits, Vol. 3.
Greatest Hits 3.
Greatest Hits III.
Greatest Hits Vol. III.
Greatest Hits Volume III.
Greatest Hits, Vol. 3.
Greatest Hits. Original album cover
The back of the booklet for Greatest Hits Volume III.
Collison with theOklahoma City Thunderin March 2010
Collison with the Thunder in March 2011
Chesapeake Energy Arena began hosting the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2008.
Lithograph of Oklahoma City from 1890
Looking up in the heart of Oklahoma City's Central Business District
Water taxis in Oklahoma City's downtown Bricktown neighborhood
OU Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City National Memorial at Christmas
The Survivor Tree on the grounds of the Oklahoma City National Memorial
The Sonic Drive-In restaurant chain is headquartered in Oklahoma City.
Oklahoma City defeated Minnesota on November 2, 2008 for their first win.
Oklahoma City. Oklahoma CityLocation within theUnited States
Mid-May 2006 photograph of Oklahoma City taken from the International Space Station (ISS)
Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, home of the Oklahoma City Dodgers and the Big 12 Baseball Tournament
Oklahoma City region population dot map and 2016 presidential election results by precinct (click to enlarge).
After the popular election in November, a state's Certificate of Ascertainment officially announces the state's electors for the Electoral College.  The appointed Electoral College members later meet in the state capital in December to cast their votes.
State Auditor of Missouri. IncumbentNicole Gallowaysince April 27, 2015
Secretary of State of Missouri. IncumbentJay Ashcroft
View toward Missouri State University's Historic Quadrangle
The Missouri State Capitol in Jefferson City
Administration Building at Northwest Missouri State University
Membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth.
Optic vesicle. Human embryo about fifteen days old.Brainandheartrepresented from right side.Digestive tubeandyolk sacin median section. (Optic vesicle labeled at center top.)
Otic vesicle. General formation of the otic vesicle
Bony labyrinth. Lateral view of right osseous labyrinth
Bony labyrinth. Interior view of right osseous labyrinth
Lateral view of three-vesicle and five-vesicle stages of the early human embryo.
Seminal vesicle. The seminal vesicles seen near theprostate, viewed from in front and above.
Labyrinthine artery. Diagram of the arterial circulation at the base of the brain. (Internal auditory artery labeled at center right.)
Optic vesicle. Transverse section of head of chickembryoof forty-eight hours’ incubation. (Optic vesicle labeled at lower right.)
A single juice vesicle of a grapefruit.
Otic vesicle. Embryo between eighteen and twenty-one days
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Balloon dilatation of stenosed jugular vein in a MS patient.
Jugular vein.
The structure of the cyclooctasulfur molecule, S8
Geography. Sierra Madre del Sur, other major mountain ranges, and theMexican Plateau
Sierra Madre de Chiapas in distance, near Quetzaltenango in Guatemala.The mountain at left is the Volcán Siete Orejas (left) and Volcán Tajumulco (center).
Las Coches Mountain in the Sierra Madre, from SR 166.
Lower portions of the Sierra Madre, with habitat damage from logging and charcoal-making.
Sierra Madre. Sierra Madre from Cottonwood Canyon Road, in the Cuyama Valley
Sierra Madre Oriental. Sierra Madre Oriental nearCiudad Victoria,Tamaulipas
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca. View of the Sierra Juárez from San Juan Yagila, in the Rincon de Ixtlan Region, Oaxaca, México
Morning in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
The Sierra Madre Oriental in Hidalgo state.
Santa Cruz, seen from the International Space Station
replica of Mission Santa Cruz, founded 1791
Big Trees Railroad excursion train on Chestnut St., Santa Cruz
Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests
Geography. location of Sierra Madre inCalifornia[1]
North Atlantic    gyre
North Atlantic    gyre
North Atlantic    gyre
IndianOcean gyre
NorthPacificgyre
SouthPacificgyre
South Atlantic        gyre



 The area of increased plastic particles is located within the North Pacific Gyre, one of the five major ocean gyres.
Ocean plastic pollution
An exhibit at the Mote Marine Laboratory that displays plastic bags in the ocean that look similar to jellyfish.
Parties to the MARPOL 73/78 convention on marine pollution (as of April 2008)
Before the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, air pollution was not considered a national environmental problem.
The unaltered stomach contents of a dead albatross chick include a variety of plastic marine debris
While marine pollution can be obvious, as with the marine debris shown above, it is often the pollutants that cannot be seen that cause most harm.
Asthma is the leading health problem faced by Indians. Not surprisingly, it accounts for more than 50% of the health problems caused by air pollution.
Light pollution has caused animals sea turtles hatchlings and Puffins to move away from the sea at birth, mistaking the artificial light for moonlight. Some cities are starting to turn off nearby lights during hatching.
Only 29 percent of the world surface is land. The rest is ocean, home to the marine habitats.  The oceans are nearly four kilometres deep on average and are fringed with coastlines that run for nearly 380,000 kilometres.
Killer whales (orca) are highly visible marine apex predators that hunt many large species. But most biological activity in the ocean takes place among microscopic marine organisms that cannot be seen individually with the naked eye, such as marine bacteria and phytoplankton.[1]
Plastic pollution in Ghana, 2018
Air pollution from a coking oven.
Major languages by region. Regions marked with black diamonds denote the language comprises only a substantial minority of the populace.
Language map of the 12 recognized auxiliary languages based on Ethnologue maps.
AbiWord checks English grammar using Link Grammar.
Manchester Grammar School, the largest and most famous of the direct grant grammar schools
Visualization of Arabic grammar from the Quranic Arabic Corpus
Sutton Grammar School in Sutton, London, one of five remaining grammar schools in the London Borough of Sutton
Languages of the Philippines. Overview of the spread and overlap of the languages spoken throughout the country, by the KWF (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino)
Together, the eight countries in red contain more than 50% of the world's languages. The areas in blue are the most linguistically diverse in the world, and the locations of most of the world's endangered languages.
Wall of Love on Montmartre in Paris: "I love you" in 250 languages, by calligraphist Fédéric Baron and artist Claire Kito (2000)
Multi-lingual sign outside the mayor's office in Novi Sad, written in the four official languages of the city: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Pannonian Rusyn
The Bulwer's petrel (Bulweria bulwerii). The two species in the genus Bulweria have long been considered to be gadfly petrels along with the 37 Pterodroma petrels, but newer research questions this.
At least six treefrog species make up the Hypsiboas calcaratus–fasciatus species complex.[1]The fly agaric comprises several cryptic species, as is shown by genetic data.[2]The African forest elephant (shown) is the bush elephant's sibling species.[3]Mbuna cichlids form a species flock in Lake Malawi.[4]
Fulmarine petrels.
Northern storm petrels.
Logo of the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels
Giant pandas are considered an umbrella species.
The Anopheles gambiae mosquito complex contains both species that are a vector for malaria and species that are not.[40]
A region of the gene for the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme is used to distinguish species in the Barcode of Life Data Systems database.
The liberal theologian Baden Powell defended evolutionary ideas by arguing that the introduction of new species should be considered a natural rather than a miraculous process.[238]
On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, 2nd edition. By Charles Darwin, John Murray, London, 1860. National Museum of Scotland
A Love Letter to You 4.
Representation of quantum geometries of the horizon. Polymer excitations in the bulk puncture the horizon, endowing it with quantized area. Intrinsically the horizon is flat except at punctures where it acquires a quantized deficit angle or quantized amount of curvature. These deficit angles add up to 



4
π


{\displaystyle 4\pi }

.
The generated circuit, when 




x

length


=
4


{\displaystyle x_{\text{length}}=4}

.The symbols 



⊕


{\displaystyle \oplus }

, 



∧


{\displaystyle \land }

 and 



¬


{\displaystyle \neg }

 denotes XOR, AND and NOT respectively, and comes from the boolean representation of Pauli-X with zero or more control qubits when applied to states that are in the computational basis.
A Letter-size page
Work Is a Four-Letter Word. Film poster
Common quantum logic gates by name (including abbreviation), circuit form(s) and the corresponding unitary matrices.
In this painting, The Scarlet Letter by Hugues Merle, Hester Prynne and Pearl are in the foreground and Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth are in the background (painting by Hugues Merle, 1861).
The example given in the text. The Hadamard gate 



H


{\displaystyle H}

 only act on 1 qubit, but 




|

ψ
⟩


{\displaystyle |\psi \rangle }

 is an entangled quantum state that spans 2 qubits. In our example, 




|

ψ
⟩
=




|

00
⟩
+

|

11
⟩


2





{\displaystyle |\psi \rangle ={\frac {|00\rangle +|11\rangle }{\sqrt {2}}}}
Living species. AmadinaSwainson, 1827Cut-throat finch,Amadina fasciataRed-headed finch,Amadina erythrocephala
Living species. NeochmiaGray, GR, 1849Red-browed finch,Neochmia temporalisCrimson finch,Neochmia phaeton
Asian crimson-winged finch.
African crimson-winged finch.
Asian crimson-winged finch in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Crimson finch.
Crimson-breasted finch.
Crimson-browed finch.
Long-tailed finch.
Painted finch.
Zebra finch.
Double-barred finch.
Star finch.
Domesticated zebra finch, southern France
Warmian-Masurian VoivodeshipWojewództwo warmińsko-mazurskie. Division into counties
Warmian-Masurian VoivodeshipWojewództwo warmińsko-mazurskie. Location within Poland
Warmian-Masurian VoivodeshipWojewództwo warmińsko-mazurskie. FlagCoat of armsBrandmark
Warmian-Masurian Provincial Assembly building in Olsztyn
Dorotowo. Warmian old wayside shrine in Dorotowo
The village of Burrawang in New South Wales, Australia
Mauregatus of Asturias (783–788)
Alfonso III of Asturias
Asturian H and Ḥ
Asturian Ḷ
Asturian sheep on Picos de Europa
Asturian dialects: western, central and eastern
Asturian dictionary, published by the Academy of the Asturian Language
Traditional Asturian dress being worn during a major festival in Llanes
Development of Asturian-language education[37][38]
Linguasphere. Linguistic area of Astur-Leonese, including Asturian
The yew tree is still very important in Asturian folklore, where it stands as a link to the afterlife and is commonly found planted beside churches and cemeteries.
The Santa Cruz dolmen, burial place of chieftains of the Eastern Asturian area since Megalithic times.