JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Representative body types of the Penicillata (top), Pentazonia (middle), and Helminthomorpha (bottom)
Haeckel's 'Monophyletischer Stambaum der Organismen' from Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (1866) with the three branches Plantae, Protista, Animalia
Head of a wasp with three ocelli (center), and compound eyes at the left and right
Earthworms are a classic example of biological homonymous metamery – the property of repeating body segments with distinct regions
Bacteriophages attached to a bacterial cell wall.
Negative feedback is necessary for maintaining homeostasis such as keeping  body temperature constant.
The pax-6 gene controls development of eyes of different types across the animal kingdom.
Homologous hox genes in such different animals as insects and vertebrates control embryonic development and hence the form of adult bodies. These genes have been highly conserved through hundreds of millions of years of evolution.
= Body
    = Coxa (base)
    = Gill branch
// = Gill filaments
    = Leg branch



 Structure of a biramous appendage[16]
Diagram of a commonly used cloning plasmid; pBR322. It's a circular piece of DNA 4361 bases long. Two antibiotic resistance genes are present, conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, and an origin of replication that the host uses to replicate the DNA.
Eukaryotic replisome complex and associated proteins. A loop occurs in the lagging strand
DNA for cloning is most commonly produced using PCR. Template DNA is mixed with bases (the building blocks of DNA), primers (short pieces of complementary single stranded DNA) and a DNA polymerase enzyme that builds the DNA chain. The mix goes through cycles of heating and cooling to produce large quantities of copied DNA.
Cloning cell-line colonies using cloning rings
Many organisms, including aspen trees, reproduce by cloning, often creating large groups of organisms with the same DNA. One example depicted here is quaking aspen.
The overall goal of molecular cloning is to take a gene of interest from one plasmid and insert it into another plasmid[9] This is done by performing PCR, digestive reaction, ligation reaction, and transformation.
Role of initiators for initiation of DNA replication.
A simple form of machine self-replication
Epigenetic consequences of nucleosome reassembly defects at stalled replication forks
INO80 stabilizes replication forks and counteracts mislocalization of H2A.Z
Depiction of replication through histones. Histones are removed from DNA by the FACT complex and Asf1. Histones are reassembled onto newly replicated DNA after the replication fork by CAF-1 and Rtt106.
Formation of pre-replication complex.
Vasa recta (intestines).
Vasa recta. A nephron, the vasa recta are labeledarteriolae rectae
Renal corpuscle. Diagram of the circulation related to a single glomerulus, associated tubule, and collecting system The renal corpuscle in the cortex (outer layer) of the kidney. At the top, the renal corpuscle containing the glomerulus. The filtered blood exits into the renal tubule asfiltrate, at right. At left, blood flows from the afferent arteriole (red), enters into the renal corpuscle and is filtered in the glomerulus; blood flows out of the efferent arteriole (blue).
Figure 2: (a) Diagram of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: it has specialized cells working as a unit which monitor the sodiujuxtaglomerular apparatus: it has three types of specm content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule (not labelled - it's the tubule on the left) and adjust the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of renin release. (b) Micrograph showing the glomerulus and surrounding structures.
Thoracic duct. Modes of origin of thoracic duct. (a) Thoracic duct. (a′) Cisterna chyli. (b), (c′) Efferent trunks from lateral aortic glands. (d) An efferent vessel which p...[clarification needed]
CT scan showing extensive chylothorax caused by leakage from the thoracic duct
Bilateral chylothorax seen on a thoracic MRI
Thoracic duct. The thoracic and right lymphatic ducts. (Thoracic duct is thin vertical white line at center.)
Thoracic aorta. The thoracic aorta, viewed from the left side.
Inferior thoracic aperture. The posterior aspect of the thorax. (Inferior thoracic aperture visible at bottom.)
Histopathological image of dissecting aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta in a patient without evidence of Marfan's trait. The damaged aorta was surgically removed and replaced by artificial vessel. Victoria blue & HE stain.
Thoracic aorta. Schematic view of the aorta and its segments, withDescending thoracic aortalabeled near middle
Depiction of the heart, major veins and arteries constructed from body scansCross section of a human artery
The mediastinum can be seen from a frontal view in this illustration, with the superior mediastinum labeled a, and the pericardial cavity, which is part of the inferior mediastinum, labeled d.
Inferior mesenteric artery. Sigmoid colonandrectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and theiranastomoses.  (Inferior mesenteric artery labeled at center.)
Inferior mesenteric ganglion. Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac plexus and hypogastric plexus.
Inferior mesenteric artery. Abdominal part of digestive tube and its attachment to the primitive or common mesentery. Human embryo of six weeks.  (Inferior mesenteric artery labeled at bottom right.)
Portal vein. Theportal veinand its tributaries.  It is formed by thesuperior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, andsplenic vein.Lienal veinis an old term forsplenic vein.
Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes.
Inferior mesenteric ganglion. The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia.
Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. Lymphatics of colon. (Inferior mesenteric labeled at bottom center.)
Inferior mesenteric plexus. Lower half of right sympathetic cord. (Inferior mesenteric plexus labeled at center right.)
Superior mesenteric artery and its branches in humans
Left colic artery. Theinferior mesenteric arteryand its branches. (Left colic visible at center right.)
A series of axon-like swellings, called varicosities from autonomic neurons, loosely form motor units through the smooth muscle.
Urethra. The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. This image shows (a) a female urethra and (b) a male urethra.
Pressure adjustable
10BASE2 cable end signal terminator.
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A type of transmission line called a cage line, used for high power, low frequency applications. It functions similarly to a large coaxial cable. This example is the antenna feed line for a longwave radio transmitter in Poland, which operates at a frequency of 225 kHz and a power of 1200 kW.
Wild-type Physcomitrella patens (A) and Knockout mosses (B-D): Deviating phenotypes induced in gene-disruption library transformants. Physcomitrella wild-type and transformed plants were grown on minimal Knop medium to induce differentiation and development of gametophores. For each plant, an overview (upper row; scale bar corresponds to 1 mm) and a close-up (bottom row; scale bar equals 0.5 mm) are shown. A: Haploid wild-type moss plant completely covered with leafy gametophores and close-up of wild-type leaf. B–D: Different mutants.[2]
A simple example of stepped transmission line consisting of three segments.
One of the most common types of transmission line, coaxial cable.
A GURT process that uses biological signals to make enzymes that cut out the blocker sequence.
RG-59 flexible coaxial cable composed of:Outer plastic sheathWoven copper shieldInner dielectric insulatorCopper core
The veins of the thyroid gland (thyroid ima artery not labeled, but region of origin and route are visible)
Superior thyroid artery. The fascia and middle thyroid veins. (Superior thyroid artery labelled at upper left.)
Superior thyroid artery. Superficial dissection of the left side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries.
Thyroid ima artery. Location of the artery depicted in the image
Inferior thyroid veins. Inferior thyroid veins visible at center
Section of a thyroid gland under the microscope. 1 colloid, 2 follicular cells, 3 endothelial cells
The thyroid was named by Thomas Wharton after the ancient Greek shield of a similar pronunciation. Shown is an example of such a shield, as engraved on a coin dating from 431–424 BCE.
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Muscles of the pharynx and cheek. (Constrictor pharyngis inferior visible at bottom left.)
The thyroid gland surrounds the cricoid and tracheal cartilages and consists of two lobes. This image shows a variant thyroid with a pyramidal lobe emerging from the middle of the thyroid.
Angiography showing ectatic LAD, with largest aneurysm = 6.5 mm in diameter
Uterine artery. Arteries of the female reproductive tract: uterine artery,ovarian arteryandvaginal arteries. (Uterine artery labeled at center.)
Ovary. The ovaries form part of thefemale reproductive system, and attach to thefallopian tubes
Myometrium. Uterus and uterine tubes (Myometrium labeled at center right)
Round ligament of the uterus. Cross-section through thepelvisof a newly born female child. (Round ligament labelled at upper right.)
After ovulation, the egg (oocyte) passes from the ovary (left) through the Fallopian tube to the uterus (right).
Vessels of the uterus and its appendages, rear view.
Uterus. Image showing different structures around and relating to the human uterus.
Sagittal MRI showing the location of the vagina, cervix, and uterus
Broad ligament of the uterus. Uterusand right broad ligament, seen from behind. (Broad ligament visible at center.)
Uterine horns. Uterine horn not labeled, but visible. Theround ligamentis at the left, labeled as #1. It travels to the right, and attaches to theuterusat the center. Thefallopian tubeis unnumbered, but it is visible above the uterus, and travels downward to attach at a location near the round ligament.
Numbered image showing parts of the Fallopian tubes and surrounding structures. 1: Ovary2: Medial surface3: Lateral surface4: Free border5: Mesovarial margin6: Tubal extremity7: Uterine extremity8: Fallopian tube9: Distal opening of the Fallopian tube10: Infundibulum of the Fallopian tube11: Fimbriae of the Fallopian tube12: Ovarian fimbria13: Ampulla of the Fallopian tube14: Isthmus of the Fallopian tube15: Uterine part of the Fallopian tube16: Proximal opening of the Fallopian tube
Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve. Plan of upper portions ofglossopharyngeal,vagus, andaccessory nerves. (Inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve labeled as ‘petrous gang’.
Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve. Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve. Coronal section of righttemporal bone. (Bristle in hiatus of facial canal labeled at upper right.)
Lesser petrosal nerve. Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
Otic ganglion. The otic ganglion and its branches.
Tympanic nerve. Tympanic nerve (labelled right side)
Facial nerve. The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.
The accessory nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
A thoracic spine X-ray of a 57-year-old male.
Lateral view of the human skull with the neurocranium highlighted.The three bone layers of the skull.
Anatomy of a flat bone - the periosteum of the neurocranium is known as the pericranium
Diagram of the main organ systems of F. hepatica throughout the progressive life stages of the fluke (1938). A - egg; B - miracidium; C - sporocyst; D - rediae, E - immature cercaria, F - cercaria, G - encysted stage, H - adult fluke (nervous and reproductive systems omitted)
Salmon fry hatching. The larva has grown around the remains of the yolk and the remains of the soft, transparent egg are discarded.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum egg in an unstained stool wet mount slide
Galba truncatula, an amphibious freshwater lymnaeid snail that serves as the main intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Europe
Salmon eggs in different stages of development. In some only a few cells grow on top of the yolk, in the lower right the blood vessels surround the yolk and in the upper left the black eyes are visible.Diagram of a fish egg: A. vitelline membrane B. chorion C. yolk D. oil globule E. perivitelline space F. embryo
Unstained Echinostoma egg.
A 3-D model of an egg
F. hepatica egg in stool sample.
Chocolate Easter eggs hidden as part of an egg hunt
A Schistosoma mansoni egg with the characteristic lateral spine
A baby tortoise begins to emerge "fully developed" from its macrolecithal egg.
Mari people inYoshkar-Ola
The province of Nova Scotia where over 30% of the population are of Scottish origin.
Principal component analysis of the Italian population with other populations.
London has become multiethnic as a result of immigration.[46]
A composed satellite photograph of islands and continental areas in and surrounding the North Sea and Baltic Sea.
Komi people photographed in 2006 inKhanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Anterior approach to cervical spine.
A typical cervical vertebra
Side view of a typical cervical vertebra
Structure of the atlas, the first cervical vertebra
Median sagittal section through the occipital bone and first three cervical vertebræ, showing ligamentous attachments
CT scan showing fused cervical vertebrae and Sprengel's deformity (arrow), as seen in Klippel–Feil syndrome
CT scan of a man presenting with radiculopathy of the left cervical spinal nerve 7. It shows spondylosis with osteophytes between the vertebral bodies C6 and C7 on the left side, causing foraminal stenosis at this level (lower arrow, also showing axial plane), explaining the symptoms. There is also spondylosis of the facet joint between C2 and C3, with some foraminal stenosis at this level (upper arrow), which appears to be asymptomatic.
Cervical nerves
Cervical spinal stenosis.
Surface orientation of T3 and T7, at middle of spine of scapula and at inferior angle of the scapula, respectively.
A bone marrow harvest in progress.
Bone scan showing multiple bone metastases from prostate cancer.
Bone marrow. A section of bone marrow tissue (Prussian blue-stained)
A Wright's-stained bone marrow aspirate smear from a patient with leukemia.
Osteoporotic bone is largely decreased in strength and increased in porosity due to the loss in calcium.
Transmission electron micrograph of decalcified woven bone matrix displaying characteristic irregular orientation of collagen fibers
A spotted gar larva at 22 days stained for cartilage (blue) and bone (red).
Glenoid tubercles
Glenoid tubercles. Leftscapula.Lateralview.
Articular tubercle. Lefttemporal boneseen from outside (articular tubercle is top label at left side)
Articular tubercle. Base of skullseen from below
Glenoid fossa. Glenoid cavity shown in red. This cavity articulates with theheadof thehumerus.
Glenoid fossa. Costal surface of left scapula. Glenoid cavity shown in red.
Lateral cricoarytenoid. Muscles of larynx. Side view. Right lamina of thyroid cartilage removed.
Cricoarytenoid muscle. Muscles of larynx. Side view. Right lamina of thyroid cartilage removed.
Segments of the femoral artery.
Deep external pudendal artery. Scheme of the femoral artery.
Femoral vein. Images with and without the sartorius muscle, showing the femoral vein and artery beneath
Superficial external pudendal artery. The left femoral triangle. (Superficial external pudendal vessels labeled at upper left.)
Femoral vein. including femoral vein.
Respiratory center. Respiratory groups in the respiratory center and their influence
Hökarpanna [sv], Swedish pork and kidney stew
Vasoconstriction. Transmissionelectron micrographshowing vasoconstriction of amicrovesselbypericytesandendothelial cellsresulting in the deformation of anerythrocyte(E).
Large choanal polyp seen with nasal endoscopy
Nasal spray. Actuation of a nasalspray bottle, used to deliver medication via thenostrils
Comparison between prazosin, terazosin, and alfuzosin. The conversion of the furan ring to a tetrahydrofuran ring (colored purple) contributed to an increase in half-life of terazosin. The conversion of piperazine to aminopropyl (colored red) increases the selectivity for Alpha-1a receptors.
Nasal polyps.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor5%Multiple nests of tumor cellsGastrinomaChromograninSynaptophysinMEN1DAXX/ATRX
Histopathology of an appendiceal carcinoid. The arrow points out a cluster of neuroendocrine cells. There are also inflammatory cells consistent with acute appendicitis.
The pancreas has many functions, served by the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans and the exocrine acinar cells. Pancreatic cancer may arise from any of these and disrupt any of their functions.
Lymph node metastasis of a neuroendocrine tumor.
Exocrine gland. Anacinusis a round cluster of exocrine cells connected to aduct.
Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor at bottom third of image, showing the typical intramural (within the wall) location, and overlying intact epithelium. H&E stain
Major elements in synaptic transmission.  An electrochemical wave called an action potential travels along the axon of a neuron.  When the wave reaches a synapse, it provokes release of a small amount of neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules in the membrane of the target cell.
Horizontal section of the head of an adult female human, showing skin, skull, and brain with gray matter (brown in this image) and underlying white matter
A large, modern fertilizer spreader
Applying super phosphate fertilizer by hand, New Zealand, 1938
Industrial fertilizer plant
Runoff of soil and fertilizer during a rain storm
Compost bin for small-scale production of organic fertilizer
The liver, viewed from above, showing the left and right lobes separated by the falciform ligament
A Lite-Trac Agri-Spread lime and fertilizer spreader at an agricultural show
19th century drinking scene in Kordofan, home to the Humr tribe, imbibers of a drink prepared from giraffe liver. Plate from Le Désert et le Soudan by Stanislas d'Escayrac de Lauture
The liver, viewed from below, surface showing four lobes and the impressions
Hilum of the liver, circled in yellow
Maksalaatikko, a Finnish liver casserole
The female genitalia of Lepidoptera
Dorsal nerve of clitoris. 1, Suspensory ligaments of clitoris; 2, glans clitoridis; 3, posterior superficial perineal nerve; 4, fascia lata; 5, inferior pudendal nerve; 6, sphincter vaginac muscle; 7, erector clitoridis muscle; 8, superficial perineal artery; 9, transverse perineal artery; 10, obturator fascia; 1 1, anterior superficial perineal nerve; 12, anal fascia; 13, deep layer of superficial fascia; 14, external sphincter ani muscle;15, dorsal nerve of clitoris; 16, internal pudic artery; 17, perineal
Inferior gluteal artery. Left gluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries andsciatic nerve
Perineal nerve. The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery. (Perineal nerve visible but not labeled.)
Deep external pudendal artery. The left femoral triangle. (Deep external pudendal vessels labeled at upper left.)
Inferior gluteal artery. Internal iliac arteryand branches, including inferior gluteal artery
Inferior rectal artery. The bloodvessels of therectumandanus, showing the distribution and anastomosis on the posterior surface near the termination of the gut. (Labeled as hemorrhoidal artery.)
A purple-striped jellyfish at the Monterey Bay Aquarium
Box jellyfish are small and venomous.
Immortal Hydra, a relative of the jellyfish
Rehydrated jellyfish strips with soy sauce and sesame oil
Global harvest of jellyfish in thousands of tonnes as reported by the FAO[122]
A common Scyphozoan jellyfish seen near beaches in the Florida Panhandle
The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) is one of the largest species.
The developmental stages of scyphozoan jellyfish's life cycle:1–3 Larva searches for site4–8 Polyp grows9–11 Polyp strobilates12–14 Medusa grows
Fossil jellyfish, Rhizostomites lithographicus, one of the Scypho-medusae, from the Kimmeridgian (late Jurassic, 157 to 152 mya) of Solnhofen, Germany
Jellyfish.
Jellyfish dermatitis
Beach of Anse Source d'Argent on the island of La Digue
Beach of Anse Lazio on the island of Praslin
Myst. The box art shows the island of Myst, one of the key settings of the game.
Screenshot of Myst showing the eponymous setting of Myst Island. The ship in the foreground is part of a puzzle to reach another Age, and a library is located behind it.
Anterior cerebral artery. Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. Areas supplied by the anterior cerebral artery are shown in blue.
CT angiography showing aneurysm measuring 2.6 mm in diameter at the ACOM (anterior communicating artery).
Cerebral circulation. Areas of the brain are supplied by different arteries. The major systems are divided into an anterior circulation (theanterior cerebral arteryandmiddle cerebral artery) and a posterior circulation
Diagram of cerebral aneurysm.
The arteries of the base of the brain. Anterior communicating artery at top. The temporal pole of the cerebrum and a portion of the cerebellar hemisphere have been removed on the right side. Inferior aspect (viewed from below).
Ruptured 7mm left vertebral artery aneurysm resulting in a subarachnoid hemorrhage as seen on a CT scan with contrast
The ophthalmic artery and its branches.
Parasympathetic nervous system. Autonomic nervous system innervation, showing the parasympathetic (craniosacral) systems in blue.
Urinary system. Urinary system in the male. Urine flows from thekidneysvia theuretersinto thebladderwhere it is stored. When urinating, urine flows through theurethra(longer in males, shorter in females) to exit the body
Limbic system. Cross section of thehuman brainshowing parts of the limbic system from below.Traité d'Anatomie et de Physiologie(1786)
3D model of urinary system
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a normal red blood cell (left), a platelet (middle), and a white blood cell (right)
Fake blood on a human arm
Three jets of blood squirt from the neck of self-decapitated Hindu goddess Chinnamasta
Sagittal view of mouth and pharynx
Endoscopic image of an inflamed human larynx
Posterior view of the larynx; disarticulated cartilages (left) and intrinsic muscles (right)
(2) and (3) Mackenzia, Middle Cambrian. Sea anemones do not fossilize well, having no hard parts, and this one was mistakenly identified as a sea cucumber.
Pharynx. Pharynx
Pharynx. Head and inner neck
Structure and evolution of  RdRp in RNA viruses and their superfamilies
Soleus muscle. The soleus muscle and surrounding structures, fromGray's Anatomy. This is a view of the back of the right leg; most of the gastrocnemius muscle has been removed.
Gastrocnemius muscle. Right leg seen from behind.
Autonomic Nervous System
Tibial nerve. Plan of sacral and pudendal plexuses (Tibial nerve labelled at centre left)
Tibialis anterior muscle. Tibialis anterior
Tibial and common peroneal nerve (aka common fibular nerve)
Sciatic nerve. Rightgluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries and sciatic nerve
Muscle attachments (seen from the front)
Muscle attachments (seen from the back)
A pig's aorta cut open, also showing some branching arteries.
Open aortic surgery. Simulated open aortic surgery for an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The clamp seen is above the aneurysm and below the renal arteries
Histopathological image of dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta in a patient without evidence of Marfan syndrome: The damaged aorta was surgically removed and replaced by artificial vessel, Victoria blue & HE stain.