JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Died. Smith, EdwardCaptain ofRMSTitanicwhen it sank in 1912. Joined theWhite Star Shipping Linein March 1880 as the Fourth Officer ofCeltic. He served aboard the company's liners to Australia and to New York City, where he quickly rose in stature. In 1887, Smith received his first White Star command, SSRepublic. In 1888, Smith earned his Extra Master's Certificate and joined theRoyal Naval Reserve(thus enabling him to append his name with "RNR"), qualifying as a fulllieutenant. This meant that in a time of war, Smith and his ship could be called upon to serve by the Royal Navy. Because of his position as a commander in the Royal Naval Reserve Smith had the distinction of being able to fly the Blue Duster of the RNR, most ships flew the Red Duster of the merchant marine.United KingdomYesYes18501912
Keeshan (l.) and Brannum on set
Keeshan and Bunny Rabbit promote an auto seat belt campaign, 1970.
Died. Decatur, StephenAmerican navalofficer notable for his heroism in theFirst Barbary Warand theSecond Barbary Warand in theWar of 1812. He was the youngest man to reach the rank of captain in the history of theU.S. Navy, and the first American celebrated as a national military hero who had not played a role in theAmerican Revolution.United StatesYes17791820
Died. Truxton, ThomasAmerican naval officer who rose to the rank of commodore.  Truxtun had little formal education before joining the crew of the British merchant shipPittat the age of twelve.  However, by the time he was twenty his talents had garnered him the command of his own vessel,Andrew Caldwell.  He operated as aprivateerduring theAmerican Revolution, commanding several ships:Congress,Independence,MarsandSt. James.  Truxtun was highly successful in capturing enemy ships during this period, not once suffering a defeat.After the war, he returned to the merchant marine, where he remained for twelve years, and in 1786 commanded one of the first American ships to engage in trade with China,Cantonoperating fromPhiladelphia.United KingdomYesYes15911659
Standing, from left: Howard Borden, Carol Kester, Jerry Robinson; seated: Bob and Emily Hartley
Died. Jones, John PaulScottish sailor and the United States' first well-knownnavalfighter in theAmerican Revolution.United StatesYesYes17471792
Died. Fryatt, CharlesMaster of theGreat Eastern Railway's steamshipBrussels, and he was shot by the Germans in 1916 after he used his ship to try and ramU-33.  Sometime after the attempt the Germans lay in wait for his ship and captured him.United KingdomYes18721916
Died. Lawrence, JamesAmericannavalhero. During theWar of 1812, he commandedUSSChesapeakein asingle-ship actionagainstHMSShannon(commanded byPhilip Broke). He is probably best known today for hisdying command"Don't give up the ship!", which is still a popular navalbattle cry.United StatesYes17811813
On her first Antarctic deployment, March 2012
Le Napoléon (1850), the first steam battleship
Cyanobacteria such as these carry out photosynthesis.  Their emergence foreshadowed the evolution of many photosynthetic plants, which oxygenated Earth's atmosphere.
Costello performing in tribute to music legends Chuck Berry and Leonard Cohen, who were the recipients of the first annual PEN Awards for songwriting excellence, at the JFK Presidential Library, in Boston, Massachusetts on 26 February 2012
Elvis Costello and Diana Krall
Elvis in publicity photos for the 1957 film Jailhouse Rock
Elvis CostelloOBE. Costello performing at the 2012Riot Festin Chicago
Elvis Presley. Presley in a publicity photograph for the 1957 filmJailhouse Rock
Tteok being pounded; hundreds of different kinds of tteok are eaten year round
Soupy gungmul-tteok-bokkiGireum-tteok-bokki stir-fried in oil
Kkul tteok (꿀떡)
Gungjung-tteok-bokki
Tteok galbi
Sustainable energy involves increasing production of renewable energy, making safe energy universally available, and energy conservation. Clockwise from top left: Concentrated solar power with molten salt heat storage in Spain, wind energy in South Africa, clean cooking in Ethiopia, public transport in Singapore
Nutrient pollution caused by Surface runoff of soil and fertilizer during a rain storm
Aerial application (crop dusting) of pesticides over a soybean field in the U.S.
Relationship between impervious surfaces and surface runoff
Treated water drained to the Elbe river, Děčín, Czech Republic
Rhino Heavy Armoured Car. The prototype Rhino with early heavier hull
Type 4 Ho-To SPG prototype with a Type 38 12 cm howitzer
F.R. Simms' 1902 Motor War Car, the first armoured car to be built
Eland Mk7 armoured car
Middlesex vs Sussex at Lord's
Hampshire County. Old Hampshire County Courthouse
County of Middlesex (circa 1891–1895)
North Middlesex Golf Club
Hampshire County Council offices and Jubilee Fountain
Map of Middlesex, 1824. Note: west is at the top.
Middlesex County. Middlesex South Registry of Deeds in Cambridge
County of Middlesex sign in 2014, on the border between the London Boroughs of Barnet and Enfield.
The Middlesex Guildhall at Westminster, which now houses the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
Hampshire County Courthouse in Northampton, designed by architect Henry Franklin Kilburn.
Koko Crater is an old extinct tuff cone in the Hawaiian Island of Oahu.
The submission of Prince Diponegoro to General De Kock at the end of the Java War in 1830
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain. The two sections, the Emperor and Hawaiian strands, are separated by a large L-shaped bend.
Upper: Ash covers the Thórsmörk valley in early June 2010, immediately after the eruption Lower: The same area, in September 2011
Paris Métro network in 1939
Paris Métro map (2013)
The Paris Métro under construction (between 1902 and 1910)
Hector Guimard's original Art Nouveau entrance to the Paris Métro station Abbesses
Métro signage
The Métro network (2013)
Line 8. MF 77train waiting atPointe du Lac, the line's southeastern terminus inCréteil
line 9 at République station.
Line 9. AnMF 01stock train atBillancourt
On 1 June 1885, crowds line the streets of Paris as Victor Hugo's remains are taken to the Panthéon.
Line 2 near Jaurès station
Franklin D. Roosevelt station on Line 1, refurbished in the late 2000s
Peanut allergy.
A summary diagram that explains how allergy develops
Anti-allergy immunotherapy
An allergy testing machine being operated in a diagnostic immunology lab
Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall. Ant. Anterior segment of tricuspid valve. A O. Aorta. A.P. Anterior papillary muscle. In. Innominate artery. L.C.C. Left common carotid artery. L.S. Left subclavian artery. L.V. Left ventricle. P.A. Pulmonary artery. R.A. Right atrium. R.V. Right ventricle. V.S. Ventricular septum.
Auscultogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds.
A girl having her heart listened to with a stethoscope.
The Buddha returning home following his enlightenment, being greeted by Rāhula. The Buddha is represented by his footprints and throne. Amarāvatī, 3rd century. National Museum, New Delhi.
Statue of Rāhula, Bihar, India.
Ordination of Rāhula, Indian Museum, Kolkata
Statue of Rāhula as monk at Ping Sien Si, Pasir Panjang, Perak, Malaysia
The acceptance of Rāhula in the monastic order as a child set a precedent, which later developed into a widespread Buddhist tradition of educating children in monasteries.
Abraham Ortelius's 1570 map of Denmark including parts on the Scandinavian peninsula.
The Constitutions of Denmark located inside Folketinget.
The National Constitutional Assembly was convened by King Frederick VII in 1848 to adopt the Constitution of Denmark.
Violent crime perpetrators in Denmark by country of origin in 2014-2018[53][54]
A map of reclaimed land (grey area) in Hong Kong. Many of the urban areas of Hong Kong are on reclaimed land.
Major railway lines in 1932.Major railway lines in 2018.A large part of the main railway lines in Denmark has been steadily privatized and outsourced from state owned (red) to privately owned (green) over the years, in particular in the 1990s. During this process, many lines have been abandoned.
Former Land O' Lakes plant in Denmark, Wisconsin.
Description. 73Burbank102,511Los AngelesBurbank is nicknamed the "Media Capital of the World"[12]for being the home of many media and entertainment production companies, includingWarner Bros. Entertainment,Warner Music Group,NBC Universal,The Walt Disney Company,ABC,Cartoon Network Studios, andNickelodeon.
Description. 13Stockton312,697San JoaquinStockton is at the heart of theSacramento–San Joaquin River Deltaand is sometimes considered the divider between theSacramento Valleyand theSan Joaquin Valley. For much of the later 19th century, starting with theGold Rush, Stockton was one of the largest cities in the state, for a while the third largest city. With a sea port on theSan Joaquin River, it was an important agricultural and shipping center, roles which it continues to fulfill. Stockton is the home of theUniversity of the Pacific.
The Walt Disney Studios, the headquarters of The Walt Disney Company
A view of downtown Celebration, Florida, a community that was planned by the Walt Disney Company.
Occupy tent city in Halifax, Nova Scotia (2011)
Cerro San Luis as seen from Bishop Peak. A montage of two photos taken in September 2006 and March 2007. (The differences between plant cover in the hot (September) and the cold (March) season are typical for the city's Mediterranean climate.)
Artist Dario Campanile poses with a picture Paramount commissioned him in 1986 to paint for its 75th anniversary. The company later used the painting as a basis for its new logo. That logo was introduced as a prototype in the 1986 film The Golden Child; the 1987 film Critical Condition was the first to feature the finalized version of the logo. 1999's South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut was the first to use an enhanced version of the logo, which was last used on 2002's Crossroads.
The original Animation Building at the Walt Disney Studios.
PlzeňPilsen. PlzeňLocation in the Czech Republic
Plzeň-City DistrictOkres Plzeň-město. District location in thePlzeň Regionwithin theCzech Republic
T. G. Masaryk Cup for the winner of the Czech Extraliga, photographed in Pilsen in 2013
Plzeň-City DistrictOkres Plzeň-město. City ofPlzeň
Plzeň-City DistrictOkres Plzeň-město. Municipalities of Plzeň-City District
Bassenthwaite Lake. Bassenthwaite LakeLocation in theLake District National ParkShow map of the Lake DistrictBassenthwaite LakeLocation inAllerdale,CumbriaShow map of Allerdale
Lake District National Park. TheSkiddawmassif, town ofKeswickandDerwent Waterseen fromWalla Crag
Lake District National Park (shown as number 2) in a map of national parks in England and Wales.
View of the Scafell massif from Yewbarrow, Wasdale, Cumbria. In the valley are older enclosures and higher up on the fell-side are the parliamentary enclosures following straight lines regardless of terrain.
Topographic map of England, with major upland areas numbered: 1: Cheviot Hills; 2–5, 7: Pennines (2: North Pennines; 3: Yorkshire Dales; 4: South Pennines; 5: Peak District; 7: Forest of Bowland); 6: Lake District; 8: North York Moors; 9: Shropshire Hills; 10: Cotswolds; 11: Chiltern Hills; 12: North Downs; 13: North Wessex Downs; 14: Mendip Hills; 15: Exmoor; 16: Dartmoor; 17: Bodmin Moor
Sca Fell and Scafell Pike in the Lake District
Astrocaryum standleyanum.
Astrocaryum murumuru.
Astrocaryum murumuru - MHNT
Astrocaryum.
Astrocaryum alatum.
Astrocaryum vulgare (Tucumã) oil
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Central Americanburs[34]Aeschynomenespp.BidensripariaDesmodiumspp.KrameriacuspidataPetiveria alliaceaPisoniamacrunthocarpaTriumfettalappulaCentral AmericaBurs stick to the dense hair of horses and cattle, but not to native wild mammals like tapirs,pacas,collared peccariesorwhite-lipped peccaries. ExcludingPisoniaandKrameria, all are herbaceous species that occur on open, well-trampled habitats.[2]GomphotheresToxodonGround sloths
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Helictopleurus giganteusEastern MadagascarThe largest and most rare of native dung beetle species in Madagascar, apparently entirely dependent on human feces. Yet humans arrived in Madagascar for the first time only 2000 years ago.[56]Giant lemurs[56]
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Red Devil's clawProboscidea parvifloraSouthwestern United States and northern MexicoSticky, repugnant leaves invulnerable to herbivore predation. The fruit divides in two opposite claws when it browns and hardens, the circumference of each being larger than a human leg. Though an obvious zoochoric mechanism, this is far larger than the leg thickness of the largest wild mammals in the area (deer, peccaries,coyotes), and as a result the seed is mostly dispersed by humans, horses and cattle. Though already cultivated by Native Americans to make baskets, the species greatly expanded its range after the Europeans introduced livestock in the area. The range now expands intoLouisianaandIowa.[1]
Murumuru butter
AttaleinaeDrude. AttaleinaeDrudeAttaleaKunthList of Attalea species
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Bush tomatoSolanum spp.AustraliaSeveral species with a variable amount of defensive spines in the branches. Strikingly, the most spiny species live in theAustralian desert, wherebrowsingmarsupials are most rare.[13]
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Hawaiian lobelioidsCyaneaspp.HawaiiDefensive thorns in leaves and stems despite no native browsers being found in the islands.Moa-nalo, four extinct species of flightless ducks identified as browsers from their beak morphology and fossil excrements
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Pincushion treeHakea spp.AustraliaSpiny leaves that are not eaten by any living mammal.[13]At least one species (H. eyreana) has cammouflaged flowers, despite no living animal browsing it.[17]Dromornithids[17]
Suggested extinct coevolutionary partners. Cypress-pineCallitrisspp.AustraliaFossil pollenrecords show a great abundance of this species 50,000 years ago (after the extinction of themegafauna) compared to 100,000 years ago, despite the climate being similar and in contrast to other tree species which declined.[13]There is direct evidence of predation byDiprotodon[13]
Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge. Delaware River Turnpike Bridge from the east bank of the Delaware River
The Dingman's Ferry Bridge connecting Sandyston Township, in Sussex County, New Jersey and Delaware Township in Pike County, Pennsylvania is the last privately owned toll bridge on the Delaware River and one of the last few in the United States.
Eastbound across the Delaware River Bridge, which connects the Pennsylvania Turnpike to the New Jersey Turnpike
E-ZPass lanes at a New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) Toll Gate for Exit 8A in Monroe Township, New Jersey, United States
New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) northbound approaching split into Western Spur and Eastern Spur in Newark
Emlenton, Pennsylvania. Emlenton with the 208 bridge and I-80 bridge in the background. The Allegheny River runs through this eco-corridor and past the small hamlet situated on the river.
New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) northbound in Linden
The Northampton Street Bridge, operated by the commission, connects Easton, Pennsylvania, and Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
Autumn on a small state road near the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Laurel Mountains.
View north along the New Jersey Turnpike in Mansfield Township, Burlington County
Timor python.
D'Albertis python.
Water python.
Cephalopod suckers and configuration of suckers on tentacular club
An octopus displaying its suckers
Octopus suckers
One cup suction lifter.
GoPro camera attached to car with suction cup
Octopus arm with two rows of suckers
SatNav devices often ship with suction cup holders for mounting on windscreens.
Scolex of Taenia solium with four suckers and two rows of hooks
St. Claude Avenue Bridge.
Andrews Short Stop is a convenience store near the municipal building off U.S. Highway 371 in Sarepta.
Snow falls on St. Charles Avenue in December 2008.
Southern Decadence parade on Elysian Fields
Big Tex presided over every Texas State Fair since 1952 until it was destroyed by a fire in 2012. Since then a new Big Texas was created.
Texas Avenue
Hunt-Hendrix's chart comparing the properties of Hyperborean and Transcendental Black Metal.
"LIVING MADE EASY"A satirical print from 1830 depicting Humphry Davy administering a dose of laughing gas to a woman
Aquatint depiction of a laughing gas party in the nineteenth century, by Thomas Rowlandson
Dallas Cowboys defensive players force Houston Texans running back Arian Foster to fumble the ball
Carolina Panthers quarterback Jake Delhomme (number 17) in the motion of throwing a forward pass
Roethlisberger in a Steelers' throwback jersey during the team's 500th win in franchise history
Pittsburgh Steelers defensive back Deshea Townsend jumps for the ball with St. Louis Rams wide receiver Drew Bennett
Severo-Kurilsk, Paramushir
Yuzhno-Kurilsky District
Ebeko volcano, Paramushir
The southern end of Paramushir Island after a snowfall.
Ainu:パラムシㇼRussian:ПарамуширJapanese:幌筵島. Paramushir Island (Landsat 7image)
Caldera of the island Ushishir
Susukino, the entertainment district of Sapporo
Sulfuric River, Kunashir Island
Kunashir Island coastline: photo taken by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in November 2010
Disputed islandNative name:Ainu:クナシㇼOther names:Russian:Кунаши́р;Japanese:国後島. Cape Stolbchatyon the western side of the island
Sapporo Dome, Consa's home ground
The area of Akkeshi District in Kushiro Subprefecture.
Disputed islandOther names:Russian:Шикотан;Japanese:色丹島. NASApicture of Shikotan Island
Abdurrahman Wahid, Indonesia's president from 1999 until 2001, visited Israel six times, calling for the Islamic world to recognise and acknowledge Israel's right to exist and prosper.
Stephen Suleyman Schwartz, an American Muslim author,  contends that Israel is the historic, sacred land of the Jews, given to the Jews by God "as their eternal home".[121]
According to Imam Muhammad Al-Hussaini, traditional Islamic commentators from the 8th and 9th century onwards, such as Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, have uniformly interpreted the Qur'an to say that the Land of Israel has been given by God to the Jewish people as a perpetual covenant.[4]
Longhua Temple, Shanghai. Related to Buddhist practice
The Holocaust in Latvia. Exhibit presented at theWannsee Conferenceon January 20, 1942, showing only 3,500 Jews left alive in Latvia out of about 60,000 in the country at the time of the Nazi invasion.
The Holocaust.
Holocaust train from Hungary, exhibition
Holocaust. DVD cover
Countries where Holocaust denial is illegal
The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial, Vienna
The National Holocaust Monument, Ottawa
The Athens Holocaust Memorial, dedicated in 2010.
When buried in the sand, stingrays such as this Potamotrygon motoro are barely visible (eye center-right on photo) and easily stepped on
Potamotrygon tigrina is an endangered species that only was scientifically described in 2011[34]
Potamotrygon jabuti is a valuable species in the aquarium trade, but export of wild-caught individuals from Brazil (as opposed to captive bred) is illegal.[29]
Potamotrygon henlei and its close relatives (e.g., P. leopoldi) mainly feed on snails in the wild, but easily adapt to a more generalized diet in captivity[1][14]
Two variants of P. motoro, the nearest being a "marbled" type (also a royal panaque catfish)
Gate of the Serapeum of Saqqara
A statue of the sacred bull, Apis, found at the Serapeum of Saqqara.
Stele commemorating the death of an Apis bull in "Year 24 of Taharqa", the Nubian King of the 25th Dynasty. Found in the Serapeum of Saqqara, Saqqara.
The steppedPyramid of Djoserat Saqqara
The Catacombs beneath the Serapeum
Map of ancient Alexandria, with the Serapeum located in the south (marked #7)
Shown within Northeast AfricaShow map of Northeast AfricaSerapeum of Saqqara (Egypt)Show map of Egypt
The ancient Macellum of Pozzuoli was a market building, erroneously identified as a Serapeum when a statue of Serapis was discovered.
Wooden statue of the scribe Kaaper, 5th or 4th dynasty of the Old Kingdom, from Saqqara, c. 2500 BC
Remains of the Serapeum of Alexandria
Battle of the Sabis river. The river Sambre
Victory Pillar, erected by emperor Diocletian in 297 AD, at the Serapeum
Papyrus drawing of Pope Theophilus of Alexandria, gospel in hand, standing triumphantly atop the Serapeum in 391 (from the Alexandrian World Chronicle)
Battle of the Nile. Ancient Egypt
Cultivated Nepenthes rajah, Nepenthes aristolochioides and other species
Nepenthes cornuta.
Nepenthes philippinensis.
Nepenthes attenboroughii.
Nepenthes truncata.
Nepenthes leonardoi.
Nepenthes copelandii.
Nepenthes alata.
Nepenthes extincta.
Nepenthes kitanglad.
Nepenthes ramos.
Nepenthes leyte.
Nepenthes ceciliae.
Cantharifera as illustrated in Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinensis, Volume 5, published in 1747, although probably drawn in the late 17th century. The vine on the right is not a Nepenthes, but a species of Flagellaria.
View north at the south end of SR 87 at NC 14/NC 87 at the North Carolina state line near Ridgeway
California State Route 237, San Jose, looking east from above Santa Clara
An aerial view of California State Route 237, Sunnyvale, looking east, taken from above a parking garage on the north side of the road.
San José State University is the oldest public university on the West Coast and the founding campus of the California State University.
The State Port of Wilmington
U.S. Route 401.
Crews clearing the westbound lanes from the 2012 rockslide
U.S. Route 395 looking south at Mono Lake
FasTrak RFID station in Orange County, California
Gulf of Guinea. Gulf of Guinea map showing the chain of islands formed by theCameroon lineof volcanoes
Aikea-Guinea.
Guinea's topography.
A map of Guinea
Prefectures of Guinea.
Guinea baboon[1].
Guinea worm.
Neuron-to-neuron mesh routing model
Pulsed neuron model
Fig 4: High level block diagram of the receptor layer and neuron model by Nossenson & Messer.[60][62]
Spike times and subthreshold voltage of cortical neuron models can be predicted by generalized integrate-and-fire models such as the adaptive integrate-and-fire model, the adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire model, or the spike response model. In the example here, adaptation is implemented by a dynamic threshold which increases after each spike.[16][17]
Stochastic spike generation (noisy output) depends on the momentary difference between the membrane potential V(t) and the threshold. The membrane potential V of the spike response model (SRM)  has two contributions.[39][40] First, input current I  is filtered by a first filter k.  Second the sequence of output spikes S(t) is filtered by a second filter  η and fed back. The resulting membrane V(t) potential is used to generate output spikes by a stochastic process ρ(t) with an  intensity that depends on the distance between membrane potential and threshold. The spike response model (SRM) is closely related to the Generalized Linear Model (GLM).[41][42]
Taking an X-ray image with early Crookes tube apparatus in 1896. The Crookes tube is visible in the centre. The standing man is viewing his hand with a fluoroscope screen; this was a common way of setting up the tube. No precautions against radiation exposure are being taken; its hazards were not known at the time.
A hand prepared to be X-rayed
Projectional radiographyof the knee in a modern X-ray machine
Acquisition of projectional radiography, with an X-ray generator and a detector.
Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations erected 1936 at St. Georg hospital in Hamburg, commemorating 359 early radiology workers.
The Magician (I), from the Rider-Waite tarot deck
The World (XXI), Waite-Smith tarot deck
Wheel of Fortune (X) from the Rider-Waite tarot deck
The King of Swords card from the Rider-Waite tarot deck
Baptism of the Princess of Asturias in December 1851, by Rafael Benjumea [es].
Princess of AsturiasPrincesa de Asturias. IncumbentLeonorsince 19 June 2014
Statue of King Silo in Pravia, Asturias.
Silo. 18th-century illustration representing Silo of Asturias
Imaginative portrait of King Henry III of Castile, by Calixto Ortega, 1848. He was the first Prince of Asturias, proclaimed in 1388.[5]