JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
PAL video signal scan line. From the left: horizontal sync pulse, back porch with color burst, signal itself, front porch, sync pulse, back porch with color burst, video portion of the next scan line; different signals of multiple lines are laid over, showing shaded areas instead of a single curve
A scene being televised by flying spot scanner in a television studio in 1931. The Nipkow disk in the flying spot scanner (bottom) projects a spot of light that scans the subject in a raster pattern in the darkened studio. Nearby photocell pickup units convert the reflected light to a signal proportional to the brightness of the reflected area, which goes through the control board to the transmitter.
Beginning of the frame, showing several scan lines; the terminal part of the vertical sync pulse is at the left
Typical fast scan test card showing "Hanover bars" (colour banding) effect in Pal S (simple) signal mode of transmission.
Block diagram of General Electric mechanical scan television system, Radio News (April 1928)
Early Monochrome analog receiver with large dials for volume control and channel selection, and smaller ones for fine-tuning, brightness, contrast, and horizontal and vertical hold adjustments
The two-year-old James Bulger being led away by his killers, recorded on shopping centre CCTV in 1993. This narrow-bandwidth television system had a low frame rate.
Test transmission signal for chrominance and luminance signals check using Pal D (delay line) encoding - colour "hanover Bars" effect no longer visible.
Flying spot scanner in a television studio in 1931. This type was used for "head shots" of performers speaking, singing or playing instruments. A bright spot of light projected from the lens at center scanned the subject's face, and the light reflected at each point was picked up by the 8 phototubes in the dish-shaped mirrors.
Color signals mixed with the video signal (two horizontal lines in sequence)
Example of the scan line effect deliberately applied to an image
Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics can be used to derive the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of particle speeds in an ideal gas. Shown: distribution of particle speed for 106 oxygen particles at  -100, 20 and 600 °C.
A graphical representation of a Boltzmann machine with a few weights labeled. Each undirected edge represents dependency and is weighted with weight 




w

i
j




{\displaystyle w_{ij}}

. In this example there are 3 hidden units (blue) and 4 visible units (white). This is not a restricted Boltzmann machine.
Ludwig Boltzmann and co-workers in Graz, 1887: (standing, from the left) Nernst, Streintz, Arrhenius, Hiecke, (sitting, from the left) Aulinger, Ettingshausen, Boltzmann, Klemenčič, Hausmanninger
Ludwig Boltzmann. Ludwig Boltzmann
Boltzmann's 1898 I2 molecule diagram showing atomic "sensitive region" (α, β) overlap.
A graphical representation of an example Boltzmann machine. Each undirected edge represents dependency. In this example there are 3 hidden units and 4 visible units. This is not a restricted Boltzmann machine.
Example of canonical ensemble for a classical system consisting of one particle in a potential well.Plot of all possible states of this system. The available physical states are evenly distributed in phase space, but with an uneven distribution in energy; the side-plot displays dv/dE.A canonical ensemble for this system, for the temperature shown. The states are weighted exponentially in energy.Each panel shows phase space (upper graph) and energy-position space (lower graph). The particle's Hamiltonian is H = U(x) + p2/2m, with the potential U(x) shown as a red curve. The side plot shows the distribution of states in energy.
Boltzmann's bust in the courtyard arcade of the main building, University of Vienna.
Maxwell's sketch of the lines of constant temperature and pressure, made in preparation for his construction of a solid model based on Gibbs's definition of a thermodynamic surface for water (see Maxwell's thermodynamic surface)
Example of canonical ensemble for a quantum system consisting of one particle in a potential well.Plot of all possible states of this system. The available stationary states displayed as horizontal bars of varying darkness according to |ψi(x)|2.A canonical ensemble for this system, for the temperature shown. The states are weighted exponentially in energy.The particle's Hamiltonian is Schrödinger-type, Ĥ = U(x) + p2/2m (the potential U(x) is plotted as a red curve). Each panel shows an energy-position plot with the various stationary states, along with a side plot showing the distribution of states in energy.
Building housing the Josiah Willard Gibbs Laboratories, at Yale University's Science Hill
U.S. drug overdose related fatalities in 2017 were 70,200, including 10,333 of those related to psychostimulants (including methamphetamine).[145][146]
Piteco - Ingá.
View of Pedra do Cordeiro
The Portuguese Cortes
Portuguese guitars
Passport of a Portuguese immigrant, 1927.
Portuguese troops during the Colonial War
Portuguese Beneficent Hospital, in Manaus.
Location. 15Annamalaiyar TempleNorthern Gopuram(Pei Gopuram)144[9]9th century CEAnnamalaiyar Temple covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest temples inIndia. It is surrounded by four large unpainted gopurams, one facing each cardinal direction. The northern gopuram is called the Pei Gopuram.[12]Tiruvannamalai,Tamil Nadu,India
Location. 3Annamalaiyar TempleEast Gopuram(Raja Gopuram)216.5[9]9th century CE; gopuram 16th centuryAnnamalaiyar Temple covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest temples inIndia. It is surrounded by four large unpainted gopurams, one facing each cardinal direction. The eastern gopuram rises to 66m, and is called the Raja Gopuram.[12]Tiruvannamalai,Tamil Nadu,India
Location. 11Sarangapani Temple16412th century CESarangapani Temple is the largestVishnutemple inKumbakonam. The inner shrine is made in the form of a stone chariot, a common feature for temples built under theCholakings.[20][21]Kumbakonam,Tamil Nadu,India
Lutyens' DelhiThe Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) was built for the Viceroy of India. It now serves as the official residence of the President of India.The War Memorial Arch (now India Gate) is a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in the First World WarThe Secretariat Building is located in the North Block.The Council House, built for the Imperial Legislative Council, is now Sansad Bhawan, and houses the Parliament of India.Lutyens' Delhi, designed by Edwin Lutyens, houses all key government buildings of India.
The Great Chaitya in the Karla Caves, Maharashtra, India, 1st-century CE.
The architectural plan of the Gondeshwar temple near Nashik (Maharashtra).
The distribution of Indian religions in British India (1909). The upper map shows distribution of Hindus, the lower of Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs.
Decorated entrance to wedding festivities. Sarahan, India
Examples of Hindu Temples across India
Indian Institute of Science is one of the premier institutes of India.
Africa was the first regional focus of IUCN conservation action.
The bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer
A pound coin (density ~7.6 g/cm3) floats in mercury due to the combination of the buoyant force and surface tension.
Native mercury with cinnabar, Socrates mine, Sonoma County, California. Cinnabar sometimes alters to native mercury in the oxidized zone of mercury deposits.
EPA workers clean up residential mercury spill in 2004
A Single-Pole, Single-Throw (SPST) mercury switch.
Alec Baldwin has won eight Screen Actors Guild Awards for his role on 30 Rock
30 Rockefeller Center, the titular setting of30 Rock
Lorne Michaels, along with the rest of the 30 Rock producers, has won three Outstanding Comedy Series Emmys
30 Rock. DVD cover
The Fifth Ward, an African-American neighborhood in Houston, Texas
National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C.
American operates 20 of its flagship plane, the Boeing 777-300ER
Kennedy Fried Chicken, which is known for serving soul food, has many outlets in African American communities.
DC-3 "Flagship", American's chief aircraft type during the World War II period
Malcolm X, a notable African American Muslim, became a member of the Nation of Islam but later converted to Sunni Islam.
In the United States, railroads such as the Union Pacific traditionally own and operate both their rolling stock and infrastructure, with the company itself typically being privately owned.
ALMA antenna transporters are 20 m (65+2⁄3 ft) long, 10 m (32+7⁄9 ft) wide, weigh 130 t (127.9 long tons; 143.3 short tons) and drive on 28 tires.[20]
The M1 Pacific Motorway is the major road transport link between the cities of Sydney and Brisbane. The section between Sydney and Newcastle is one of the busiest roads in Australia, with an average of 70,000 vehicles per day.[1]
According to Eurostat and the European Railway Agency, the fatality risk for passengers and occupants on European railways is 28 times lower when compared with car usage (based on data by EU-27 member nations, 2008–2010).[65][66]
Union Pacific 844 pulling passenger cars in Nevada, United States
Rocky Mountain Double
Signage that shows funding for repairs/upgrades was used through the Federal Government's "Roads to Recovery" program.
The Shinkansen N700 Series Nozomi travels between Tokyo and Osaka in around two and a half hours.[8]
Stonehenge consists of a ring of standing stones, each around 4 m (13 ft) high and 2 m (7 ft) wide and weighing approximately 25 tonnes; erected between 2400 BC and 2200 BC
The Continental Divide Trail often remains above the treeline and on the Divide, providing unobstructed views along its route.
Grays Peak, here in mid-June 2007. At 4,352 m (14,278 ft), it is the highest point of the Continental Divide in North America.
I-80 is a major urban freeway in the San Francisco Bay AreaI-80 descending into Reno from the Sierra NevadaMountains of the Great Salt Lake as seen approaching Salt Lake City from the westGreen River Tunnel in Green River, Wyoming, one of three sets of tunnels along I-80The Great Platte River Road Archway Monument in Kearney, Nebraska, which spans I-80I-80 near Walnut, IowaWestbound Kingery Expressway in Lansing, IllinoisThe Borman Expressway in Hammond, Indiana, approaching exit 3I-80 Ohio Turnpike at the Cuyahoga RiverSign noting the highest point on I-80 east of the Mississippi River located in Clearfield County, PennsylvaniaThe eastern end of I-80 in Bergen County, New Jersey. Visible at the top of the photo are the George Washington Bridge and New York City.The east end of I-80 at I-95 in Teaneck, New Jersey.
Northbound I-15 makes a steep descent from the Mountain Pass into the Ivanpah Valley
I-15/US-20 Jct. in Idaho Falls, ID
The Continental Divide in North America in red, among other major hydrological divides
I-15 passes through the Virgin River Gorge, Arizona revealing scenic reddish brown cliffs.
I-15 (foreground left to right) goes through the city of Great Falls, MT
Historically, the Continental Divide was the line between British and US land possession in the disputed Oregon Country.
The Continental Divide in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of north central Colorado, taken from the International Space Station on October 28, 2008
Powell County Courthouse, Deer Lodge
Monida Pass. Beaver Canyon
A disused barnon Monida Pass
I-15 in Arizona
I-15 in Salt Lake City
Monida, Montana
Clinton, Michigan. Downtown ClintonalongU.S. Route 12
U.S. 12 (Dunes Highway), westbound in Dune Park section
South Carolina Dept. Of Public Safety.
Landrum, South Carolina. Trade Avenue (S-562)
Allen, Michigan. Looking east along W. Chicago Road (US 12)
Laurens, South Carolina. Gateway Park
Clinton, South Carolina. Broad Street
Greenwood, South Carolina. Location of Greenwood, South Carolina
Duncan, South Carolina. Location of Duncan, South Carolina
Cleveland, South Carolina. Cleveland post office
Greer, South Carolina. Downtown Greer
Greer, South Carolina. Location of Greer, South Carolina
Used only to train navigators, the star compass is notcarried aboard boats. Shown north side up.. Used only to train navigators, the star compass is notcarried aboard boats. Shown north side up.
"Mau Piailug is from the island of Satawal. It's a mile and a half long and a mile wide. Population 600. Navigation's not about cultural revival, it's about survival. Not enough food can be produced on a small island like that. Their navigators have to go out to sea to catch fish so they can eat." (Nainoa Thompson)[14]
Antarctica and surrounding islands, showing the Auckland Islands just above (south of) New Zealand, at the center bottom of the image
H.E. Hilda C. Heine, first woman and former president of the Marshall Islands, walking through the Memorial Amphitheater at Arlington National Cemetery Sept. 12, 2017
Hawaiian navigators sailing multi-hulled canoe, c. 1781
Cucumber mosaic virus.
Cucumber leaves afflicted with various stages of Cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus-infected cucurbit species
Squash mosaic virus.
Watermelon mosaic virus.
Tobacco mosaic virus.
Genome of tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic virus symptoms on tobacco
Tobacco mosaic virus symptoms on orchid
Replication and movement of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) within cell
Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein 30 localizes to plasmodesmata.
TMV virus: super resolution light microscopy
Wild type peanut (top) and transgenic peanut with Bacillus thuringiensis gene added (bottom) exposed to cornstalk borer larva.
A CDC infographic on how antibiotic resistance (a major type of antimicrobial resistance) happens and spreads.
Mission Critical: Preventing Antibiotic Resistance (CDC report, 2014)
A CDC infographic on how antibiotic resistance spreads through farm animals.
A gene gun uses biolistics to insert DNA into plant tissue.
Sheikh Ali Ayanle Samatar. Somali: Sheekh Cali Ayaanle Samatar. Arabic: شيخ علي أيانلي سمتر A widely known Gadabuursi Sheikh among Somalis from Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somalia.
An old map of Zeila featuring the Somali Gadabuursi Dir clan.
An old map of Harar featuring the Somali Gadabuursi Dir clan.
An 1867 Abyssinia Map from Bombay featuring the Somali Gadabuursi Dir clan.
An old map of Harar featuring the Gadabuursi, Geri, Issa, Karanle Hawiye and Berteri Jidwaaq Somali communities.
Gadabuursi horsemen giving an exhibition.
The Adal Sultanate which was largely on part of the Gadabuursi territory and the conquest of Abyssinia which they contributed to.
An old map featuring the Harrawa Valley in the Gadabuursi country, north of Harar.
Coast of the Somalis and dependencies
The Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalis (FLCS)
An elderly woman from Burao, after the city had been severely damaged during the Somali civil war, 1991
Up to 90% of Hargeisa (2nd largest city of the Somali Republic) was destroyed.
ONLF separatist rebels fighting for the right to self-determination for Somalis in the Somali Region of Ethiopia.
Harar city wall
Ribonucleotide reductaseall-alpha domain. Structure of ribonucleotide reductase protein R1 (Class I alpha subunit).[11]
Regulation of class I RNR. Class I RNRs are activated by binding ATP or inactivated by binding dATP to the activity site located on the RNR1 subunit. When the enzyme is activated, substrates are reduced if the corresponding effectors bind to the allosteric substrate specificity site. A = when dATP or ATP is bound at the allosteric site, the enzyme accepts UDP and CDP into the catalytic site; B = when dGTP is bound, ADP enters the catalytic site; C = when dTTP is bound, GDP enters the catalytic site. The substrates (ribonucleotides UDP, CDP, ADP, and GDP) are converted to dNTPs by a mechanism involving the generation of a free radical.
Harvesting algae
Dulse, a type of edible seaweed
Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division.[9]
Algae on coastal rocks at Shihtiping in Taiwan
Typical view of the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod Oblast)
Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony
Main European drainage divides (red lines) separating catchments (green regions)
Pokrovskaya Street in central Perm around 1910
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Christianity, as it is the purported site of Christ's resurrection.
The main dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, c. 1905, view from the northeast; bell-tower to the right
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the 4th century, the two holiest sites in Christianity.
Pope Francis and Patriarch Bartholomew I in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 2014
Contemporary Franciscan monks during the procession on the Calvary in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (2006).
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (1885). Other than some restoration work, its appearance has essentially not changed since 1854.
The mantle of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre contains a Jerusalem Cross, which represent the Five Holy Wounds of Christ.[1]
Folk Festival box office in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Box office at the Ohio Theatre in Columbus, Ohio, United States.
Battleship Potemkin (1925) was an early favorite and the top silent film.
Unlike previous Titanic films, Cameron's retelling of the disaster showed the ship breaking into two pieces before sinking entirely. The scenes were an account of the moment's most likely outcome.
Leonardo DiCaprio (top, pictured in 2014), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and Kate Winslet (pictured in 2011), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater.
A common theme in thrillers involves innocent victims dealing with deranged adversaries, as seen in Hitchcock's film Rebecca (1940), where Mrs. Danvers tries to persuade Mrs. De Winter to leap to her death.
Marshals escort six year old Ruby Bridges from school.
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) was ranked as the best science fiction film in several polls.
Pather Panchali (1955) was the highest-ranking Indian film on several international polls.
The Phantom Carriage (1921) was voted best Swedish film by critics and academics in FLM's poll.
8+1⁄2 (1963) was the highest-ranked Italian film in many international professional polls.
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) was voted the "best British film of all time" by Great Britain's leading filmmakers.
The real Margaret Brown (right) giving Captain Arthur Henry Rostron an award for his service in the rescue of Titanic's surviving passengers.
The reconstruction of the RMS Titanic. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.[50]
Will Ferrell. Ferrell in 2012
Ferrell in 2014
Ferrell at the 2010 San Diego Comic Con with Mark Wahlberg
President Barack Obama with Ferrell and Viveca Paulin in 2011
Ferrell coaching third base for the Chicago Cubs during a spring training game in 2015
Ferrell dressed as Megamind at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International
Ferrell at the premiere of Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, December 2007
Kattan on August 19, 1999 (after Lorne Michaels received his star on the Walk of Fame)
Chris Kattan. Kattan at the premiere ofBaby MamainNew York Cityat the 2008Tribeca Film Festival
A typical lumbar vertebra
Goose bumps are an example of a vestigial human reaction to stress.
An X-ray of a human chest area, with some structures labeled
Figure B-3 When Wikipedia can't find an exact match to a search request, it provides search results, but it also offers a link to create an article with the same name as the word or phrase you entered.
Figure 16-1. The table of contents of the policy Wikipedia:Naming conventions (shortcut WP:NAME), only partly shown here, gives you a sense of how detailed the policy is, including the related pages such as Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people) (shortcut: WP:NCP). Fortunately, while new articles often get renamed, name changes thereafter are rarely needed.
Figure 16-17. Top: Here are the sample opening sentences you might find in different disambiguation pages, using the three standard phrases prescribed at Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages) (shortcut: MOS:DAB). Bottom: If the disambiguation page has (disambiguation) in the title, it starts by defining the primary term first. The link school goes to the most popular article for that term.
Figure 16-21. Wikipedia has two articles about Ally McBeal, and it's easy to see that a reader might want one rather than the other (or even both). When there are exactly two articles that can be confused with each other, no disambiguation page is needed—just a link at the top of each page to the other page. These two pages use the {{for}} template for disambiguation. To be specific, in the second article, the wikitext looks like this: {{For|the television show|Ally McBeal}}.
Figure 16-11. 1. In the edit box, copy and paste the correct name of the article you want to redirect to. Pasting the title, rather than typing it yourself, helps prevent typos. 2: Select the text you just pasted so you can apply the Redirect format to it. 3: Clicking the "#R" icon on the edit bar adds the redirect formatting. 4: Voila—the text for the redirect is done. All you have to do is save your work by hitting the blue 'Publish changes' button.
Figure 16-14. The page Pages that link to Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers includes, because of a recent renaming, a number of double redirects. These are the double-indented links, like Brook Byers and List of Stanford University people. Clicking a link in one of those two pages takes you to the redirect page Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers instead of the correct article. (Note the commas in the title; this redirect page has the old title from before the rename.)
Figure 16-4. Changing the name of an article isn't a trivial matter. If it's your first time, read all the text. You'll find it reinforces what you've learned in this chapter.
Figure B-8 Portals are probably one of the least known ways to find articles on Wikipedia. If you're particularly interested in a topic, one of the 500 or so existing portals can be a great page to bookmark.
Figure B-14 On the left side of any Wikipedia page, the navigation box has a "Random article" link. Click again to go elsewhere. Click it 20 or 30 times, and you have a pretty good idea of Wikipedia's wide range of articles.
Figure 15-12. Wikipedia doesn't like non-free content. It can be used only if it meets every one of the ten criteria in the policy Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria (shortcut: WP:NFCC). Most of all, note number 8, which specifies that the non-free material must contribute significantly to understanding the article.
Figure 16-22. At one point, if a reader searched for dioxin, they arrived at this article. The too-long hatnote on this page probably befuddled many readers looking for the Wikipedia article Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, which is about the environmental pollutants known as dioxins. The reader had to get past 37 words, including one wikilink, before finding the desired link.
Figure B-16 The file File:Fujisan from Motohakone.jpg is used in the article Tokyo. Clicking the thumbnail image in the article shows you this larger image, though not necessarily a full-sized image. Click "full resolution" to see the full-sized version. Right-click the full-sized image to save it to your computer. You can also save the image as your new desktop background image.
Figure 16-8. Top: When an article is renamed, as was Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers, links to that article (like the link in the article Sand Hill Road) do not change. They continue to point to the old name. Middle: When you click the old link in the Sand Hill Road article, the software goes to the article's old name, where it finds a redirect. Instead of displaying this redirect page, the software follows the redirect. Bottom: The redirect points to the new name of the article, so that's what you'll see. Renaming the article didn't break links to it. Instead, the rename just added one brief, intermediate stop at the redirect page. (The "Redirected from" in small print tells you that the original link is incorrect, though it's good enough to get you to where you wanted to go.)