JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Office building illuminated by high-pressure sodium lamps.
Diagram showing the spectral output of a typical high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp.
High-pressure sodium lamp in operation
Infrared image of a powerful northern hemisphere cyclone, Goni, near its peak intensity
The Hadley cell carries heat and moisture from the tropics towards the northern and southern mid-latitudes.
Two Honda Fits under low-pressure sodium lamps. Both appear black, even though the car on the left is bright red, while the car on the right is actually black.
15-year average mean sea-level pressure for June, July, and August (top) and December, January, and February (bottom). ERA-15 re-analysis.
The inner ring road of Sheffield in England, UK
Interstate 610 in Uptown Houston
The Anthony Henday Drive ring road in Edmonton
Large signs like this one in Schulenburg, Texas are often posted at the city limits of American cities.
Rail tracks and roads often separate or bound cities. In this case, a BNSF right of way and Esperanza Road separate the strip mall on the left, which is in Yorba Linda,[1] from the car dealership on the right, which is in Anaheim.[2]
Sardar Patel Ring Road, Ahmedabad
Vienna's Ring Road with the opera house, in 1905
The Leeds Inner Ring Road in England was built in a series of tunnels to save space and avoid physically separating the city's centre from its suburbs.
City of South Houston. Marker for the city of South Houston
Aerial view from the northwest of San Antonio, with I-10, Frederickburg Road, and Martinez Creek in foreground
The Interstate 10/U.S. Route 90 and Interstate 45 stack interchange northwest of Downtown Houston
Clear Lake City–County Freeman Branch
Since the Second World War, Daugavpils, the second largest city in Latvia, has maintained an overwhelmingly Russian-speaking population, with Latvians and Poles being significant minorities, but historically, German and Yiddish were additional prominent native languages.
Satellite photo of the Baltic Sea surrounding Gotland, Sweden, with algae bloom (phytoplankton) swirling in the water
World's largest kiluvõileib, some 20 m in length, created at Tallinn Town Hall Square on 15 May 2014[93]
Two of the airport's largest operators side-by-side, a Ryanair BAC 1-11 (front) in its oldest livery, and an Aer Lingus Boeing 737 (rear) in 1993
On particularly cold winters, the coastal parts of the Baltic Sea freeze into ice thick enough to walk or ski on.
A USAF C-5A Galaxy unloads at Tallinn Airport during Exercise Baltic Challenge '97
The Baltic Way: The human chain connecting the three Baltic capitals –Tallinn,RigaandVilnius.
The transition of ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet from Tallinn to Kronstadt, August 1941. Artist A. A. Blinkov. (1946)
Tallink is the largest passenger shipping company in the Baltic sea region in Northern Europe.
Tallinn Airport
Tallinn Airport in 2006
PH domain of tyrosine-protein kinase BTK
Crystal structure of the second generation Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor nilotinib (red) in complex with an Abl kinase domain (blue). Nilotinib is used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a hematological malignancy.
Example of a DNA-binding domain in the context of a protein.  The N-terminal DNA-binding domain (labeled) of Lac repressor is regulated by a C-terminal regulatory domain (labeled).  The regulatory domain binds an allosteric effector molecule (green).  The allosteric response of the protein is communicated from the regulatory domain to the DNA binding domain through the linker region.[2]
Cobalt(III) complex containing six ammonia ligands, which are monodentate. The chloride is not a ligand.
Crystallographic structure of the SH2 domain. The structure consists of a largebeta sheet(green) flanked by twoalpha-helices(orange and blue).[1]
SH3 domain. Ribbon diagram of the SH3 domain, alpha spectrin, fromchicken(PDB accession code 1SHG), colored from blue (N-terminus) to red (C-terminus).
The fluctuation of blood sugar (red) and the sugar-lowering hormone insulin (blue) in humans during the course of a day with three meal. One of the effects of a sugar-rich vs a starch-rich meal is highlighted.[1]
Sulá-brand sugar-free liquorice, sweetened with erythritol
Christian and Moor playing chess, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, c. 1285
Depiction of the Moors in Iberia, from The Cantigas de Santa Maria
Arms of the wealthy Bristol merchant and shipper William II Canynges (d.1474), as depicted on his canopied tomb in St Mary Redcliffe Church, showing the couped heads of three Moors wreathed at the temples
Moors on the North African coast, as depicted in Britain in 1739
The Moors request permission from James I of Aragón
The monastery of Santa María del Puerto in Santoña, which lay within Alfonso's subkingdom in 926–32
King John V patronized numerous artistic works, earning him the epithet of the Portuguese Sun King.Royal Palatial Complex of Mafra, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Moorish army (right) of Almanzor during the Reconquista Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz, from Cantigas de Alfonso X el Sabio
Portuguese Army soldiers in the beginning of the War in Angola. The camouflage uniforms and the FN FAL assault rifles identify them as Caçadores Especiais. At this time, the remaining Army forces still wore yellow khaki field uniforms and were mostly armed with bolt action rifles.
A copy of the Fra Mauro map was made under a commission by Afonso V in 1457. Finished on April 24, 1459, it was sent to Portugal with a letter to Prince Henry the Navigator, Afonso's uncle, encouraging further funding of exploration trips. Although the copy has been lost, the Andrea Bianco original is preserved at the Biblioteca Marciana (Venice).
Monument of Pelagius at Covadonga where he won the Battle of Covadonga and initiated the Christian Reconquista of Iberia from the Islamic Moors.
A bronze okpoho or manilla, the traditional commodity money in West Africa until the 1940s.
Japanese commodity money before the 8th century AD: arrowheads, rice grains and gold powder. This is the earliest form of Japanese currency.
Axe-like grzywnas (commodity money) from Kostkowice, Poland, 9th to mid-10th century AD
Indian commodity imports in US$
Yuan dynasty banknotes are a medieval form of fiat money.
In the marketplace, producers and consumers perceive each other by means of the money and goods that they exchange.
Song Dynasty Jiaozi, the world's earliest paper money.
Token money used in Oflag VII-A Murnau in German Murnau am Staffelsee
György Lukács developed Karl Marx's theory of commodity fetishism to develop reification theory.
The Tribune of the Uffizi (1772–1778) by Johann Zoffany depicts the commodity-fetishism metamorphosis of oil paintings into culture-industry products.
Taklamakan Desert. View of the Taklamakan desert
Map including the Taklamakan Desert (1917)
Taklamakan Desert. Taklamakan Desert andTarim Basin
Taklamakan by NASA World Wind
The Fifth Taklamakan Expedition in the fossil delta of the River Keriya, 2009
Xinjiang carpet factory
Ethnolinguistic map of Xinjiang in 1967
Map of language families in Xinjiang
Mosque in Tuyoq, Xinjiang (2005)
Cutaway of a nautilus shell showing the chambers arranged in an approximately logarithmic spiral.  The plotted spiral (dashed blue curve) is based on growth rate parameter 



b
=
0.1759


{\displaystyle b=0.1759}

, resulting in a pitch of 



arctan
⁡
b
≈

10

∘




{\displaystyle \arctan b\approx 10^{\circ }}

.
An extratropical cyclone over Iceland shows an approximately logarithmic spiral patternThe arms of spiral galaxies often have the shape of a logarithmic spiral, here the Whirlpool Galaxy
A kerf-canceling mechanism leverage the self similarity of the logarithmic spiral to lock in place under rotation, independent of the kerf of the cut.[14]A logarithmic spiral antenna
The bean machine, a device invented by Francis Galton, can be called the first generator of normal random variables. This machine consists of a vertical board with interleaved rows of pins. Small balls are dropped from the top and then bounce randomly left or right as they hit the pins. The balls are collected into bins at the bottom and settle down into a pattern resembling the Gaussian curve.
First three iterations of a natural extension of the Koch curve in two dimensions.
Cumulative distribution functionZipf CDF forN= 10. The horizontal axis is the indexk. (Note that the function is only defined at integer values ofk. The connecting lines do not indicate continuity.)
Koch curve in 3D
Larynx and nearby structures Cavitas nasi: Nasal cavity Cavis orum: oral cavityGlottis: LarynxPlica vocalis: Vocal cordsTrachea Oesophagus: Esophagus
Colectomy specimen containing an invasive colorectal carcinoma (the crater-like, reddish, irregularly-shaped tumor).
Macroscopic appearance of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The tumor is the pale, crab-shaped mass at the center, surrounded by normal, yellow fatty tissue.
Ducts and lobules, the main locations of breast cancers.
Larynx, removedAt right: Fingertip,At the bottom: Holder
Micrograph of colorectal adenocarcinoma, showing "dirty necrosis".
Life details. Julius NeposJune 474 – 480Driven out of Italy on 28 August 475 by the master of soldiers,OrestesHead of the Roman army in Dalmatia, seized power from Glycerius. Recognized by the Eastern Empire.Last claimant to the western imperial office. Continued ruling Dalmatia as a Roman rump state afterOdoacer's 476 coup in Italy. Murdered by several of his retainers in 480.
Life details. Zeno17 November 474 – 9 April 491(17 years)Named co-emperor by his son Leo II on 29 January 474.c.425 – 9 April 491 (aged 66)Died ofdysenteryorepilepsy
Leo I, father-in-law of Zeno, Eastern Roman Emperor from 457 to 474.
Europe and the Mediterranean Basin at the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476
On the left: Emperor Honorius on the consular diptych of Anicius Petronius Probus (406) On the right: Consular diptych of Constantius III (a co-emperor with Honorius in 421), produced for his consulate in 413 or 417.
Life details. Joannes27 August 423 – May 425(1 year and 9 months)A senior bureaucrat, proclaimed emperor by the master of soldiers,Castinus, to replace Honorius. Not recognized by the Eastern Empire.Died in June or July 425Defeated by the Eastern Roman army, captured and executed
Life details. Constantine IIIClaudiusConstantinus407 – c. September 4114 yearsUsurper who declared himself emperor in the west in 407, recognized as co-emperor byHonoriusin 409. Not recognized by the Eastern Empire.Died in September 411Abdicated, executed immediately thereafter
Si Inthrathitศรีอินทราทิตย์. Statue of Si Inthrathit, Sawankhalok District, Sukhothai Province, Thailand
Sukhothai KingdomSukhothai and neighbours, end of 13th century CE.Phra Achana, Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai Historical Park.The ruins of Wat Mahathat, Sukhothai Historical Park.
Wat Si Sawai, Sukhothai Historical Park
Phra Achana, Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai Historical Park
An ethnolinguistic map of Thailand.The Silajaruek of Sukhothai Kingdom are hundreds of stone inscriptions that form a historical record of the period.
The evolution of the Sukhothai script into the modern Thai script.
Sukhothai royal temple, replica in Muang Boran
Wat Saphan Hin, Sukhothai Historical Park
The Thai alphabet, Khom Thai alphabet and Thai numerals published in Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie. (The original image is from Simon de la Loubère's book "Du Royaume de Siam", published in 1691) In this picture, the Thai Khom alphabet is labelled "Alphabet Bali" (Pali alphabet).
Sukhothai script.
Sukhothai Kingdomอาณาจักรสุโขทัย. Map of Sukhothai in 1293 during the reign of Ram Khamhaeng.
Tamra Maew Suphalak manuscript (Thai: ตำราแมวศุภลักษณ์), a Thai treatise on cat breeding, composed in verse, from the Ayutthaya era
Hermann von Helmholtz.
Helmholtz in 1876(portrait by Franz von Lenbach)
Helmholtz's polyphonic siren, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow
Fig. 4: Comparison of Helmholtz-Ellis JI Pitch Notation and Johnston Notation. Unaltered naturals in Helmholtz-Ellis may be omitted if desired.
Helmholtz in 1848
The Helmholtz resonator (i) and instrumentation
Helmholtz's statue in front of Humboldt University in Berlin
Decree awarding Helmholtz (listed in first page) the French Legion of Honour
Fig. 2: Staff notation of partials 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19 on C[21] using Johnston notation Play (help·info).
Sama Dance
Mart Laar. Mart Laar in 2011
The watermill in Lage
Klaus Lage
Windmill St. Antonius in Laar
Church of St Engelbert and St Bernard, Laar
Laar and Mikheil Saakashvili at the European People's Party summit in 2010
Eremophila mirabilis.
Eremophila.
Eremophila glabra 'Murchison Magic'
Eremophila subfloccosa
Eremophila oldfieldii
Eremophila abietina
Eremophila hygrophana
Eremophila malacoides←
Funafuti. Map of the atoll
Funafuti. Aerial image of Funafuti atoll
Tengako peninsula, Funafuti atoll, looking south
Ocean side of Funafuti atoll showing the storm dunes, the highest point on the atoll.
Funafuti. Maneapa and airport on Funafuti atoll, Tuvalu
Aerial view of Tengako peninsula and Fongafale, Funafuti atoll, looking south
Road system on Majuro Atoll
US General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of Allied forces in the South-West Pacific Area, with Australian Prime Minister John Curtin
The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theaters: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the Cairo Conference in 1943
A ceiling at the Four Seasons Bath.
A portrait of Abbas I, the powerful, pragmatic Safavid ruler who reinforced Iran's military, political, and economic power
Exclusive economic zone of Greece
Indonesia's exclusive economic zone
The exclusive economic zone of North Korea
Senegal's exclusive economic zone
Spain's exclusive economic zone
Canada's exclusive economic zone and territorial waters
Croatia's exclusive economic zone(dark blue) and Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone
Makhteshim Country. Makhteshim CountrySouthern DistrictMixed2001
The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines shown in the lighter blue shade, with Archepelagic Waters in the darkest blue
South Korean exclusive economic zone:  Korean EEZ  EEZ claimed by Republic of Korea and Japan  Joint regime with Japan
Japan's exclusive economic zones:  Japan's EEZ  Joint regime with the Republic of Korea  EEZ claimed by Japan, disputed by others
Ash from Mount Pinatubo covers Naval Station Subic Bay
A Marine color guard stands at attention during the deactivation ceremony for Naval station, Subic Bay. Following the ceremony, control of the base will be assumed by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority.
An aerial view of Naval Base Subic Bay, 1981
Evacuees from Mount Pinatubo at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam
Emilio Aguinaldo with the other revolutionaries on the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
An aerial view of Cubi Point, and in the background, Naval Station Subic Bay
1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Eruption column on June 12, 1991
Mount Pinatubo's colossal eruption seen from Japan's GMS-4 meteorological satellite
Aerial view of US Naval Base Subic Bay to the right and Naval Air Station Cubi Point to the left in 1990.
USS Klondike beside USS Taussig, USS John A. Bole, USS Lofberg and USS John W. Thomason in Subic Bay
The Naval Station Subic Bay pier area, 1981
The American Flag is lowered and Philippine flag is raised during turnover of Naval Station Subic Bay
Naval Air Station Cubi PointNaval Base Subic Bay.
Olongapo and the bridge leading to NS Subic Bay, 1981
DC-10-30 resting on its tail due to Pinatubo ashfall
Two men holding different kinds of Khaijadi; right instrument has jingles.
Bundestag ballot from the 2005 election in the Würzburg district. The column for the constituency vote (with the name, occupation, and address of each candidate) is on the left in black print; the column for the party list vote (showing top five list candidates in the state) is on the right in blue print.
Queen Louise of Prussia, for whom the Order of Louise was named. Portrait by Elizabeth Vigee-LeBrun, 1801
The Kingdom of Bavaria in 1808, including Tyrol
The Kingdom of Bavaria within the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, including Tyrol
The Kingdom of Bavaria within the Confederation of the Rhine in 1812, including Salzburg
The Study of Prince Karl of Prussia, by Eduard Gaertner.
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia. Prince Wilhelm, left, with his brother,Louis Ferdinand, in 1926
Order of the Crown with Cross of Geneva, 3rd Class
The Electorate (1778) and the Kingdom of Bavaria (1815)
Prince Henry of Prussia. Portrait byAntoine Pesne, 1745
Figure 18. Derivatization of the alcohols afforded by C2-symmetric Cu(II) chiral Lewis acids.
1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol is an example of a molecule lacking point chirality.
(Left) Lewis acid-promoted acetal substitution may proceed via either the SN1 or the SN2 mechanism. (Right) Denmark's model system for acetal substitution mechanism. If the SN1 mechanism is operative for the acetal substitution, the two reactions shown here should proceed via the same oxocarbenium ion and give similar stereochemical outcomes. Results indicate that the mechanism varies depending on the Lewis acid and the R group.
Diagram of some Lewis bases and acids
Figure 12: Asymmetric glyoxylate-ene reaction catalyzed by a chiral titanium complex
Gilbert N. Lewis.
Hard–soft trends for acids and basesAcidsBases
Lewis' cubical atoms (as drawn in 1902)
MO diagram depicting the formation of a dative covalent bond between two atoms
Soaps are weak bases formed by the reaction of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry, independently, formulated the idea that acids are proton (H+) donors while bases are proton acceptors.
Generic potential energy diagram showing the effect of a catalyst in a hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction X + Y to give Z. The presence of the catalyst opens a different reaction pathway (shown in red) with a lower activation energy. The final result and the overall thermodynamics are the same.
Left: (R)-BINOL. Center: Aluminum catalyst based on bulky 3,3'-disilyl substituted BINOL. Right: Zirconium catalyst based on BINOL substituted at 6 and 6' positions by electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group.
Baldwin IV appoints Raymond regent at his death bed, and the child Baldwin V's coronation
Balian. A drawing of Balian of Ibelin's seal, fromThe Crusades: The Story of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, by T. A. Archer andCharles Lethbridge Kingsford(London & NY, 1894)
Mutisioideae.
Asteroideae.
United States Air Force F-35A Lightning II, fifth-generation multirole stealth fighters
BAC Aérospatiale Concorde G-BOAB in storage at London Heathrow Airport following Concorde's grounding in 2000. This aircraft flew for 22,296 hours between its first flight in 1976 and its grounding.
The fixed wings of a delta-shaped kite are not rigid
Drawing of the Su-17M4 "Fitter K", with plan view of wings swept and spread
Blériot VIII at Issy-les-Moulineaux, the first flightworthy aircraft design to have the initial form of modern flight controls for the pilot
A B-1B Lancer with wings swept full forward
A USAF A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft in flight
Battle of Guadalete. The Visigothic retreat in front of the Berber cavalry, as depicted bySalvador Martínez Cubells(1845–1914)
Visigothic Hispania and its regional divisions in 700, before the Muslim conquest
Vía Verde de la Sierra next to Guadalete
Visigothic church, San Pedro de la Nave. Zamora. Spain
Guadalete River in El Puerto de Santa Maria
Battle of Badr. Scene fromSiyer-i Nebi, Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr. The writing isOttomanNaskh.
Thousands of people in North Africa depend on date palm trees for a living. Tunisia in 1960
The Moorish Castle's Tower of Homage, symbol of the Muslim rule in Gibraltar
Ruins of Ancient Petra, one of the first cities to fall to invading Muslim armies
Battle of Uhud. The Prophet Muhammad and the Muslim Army at the Battle of Uhud[1]
The names of the 14 Muslim martyrs at Badr are inscribed into the Badr Martyrs Monument near the battlefield
Writing files. Hex dump of the header of a CDR file asRIFFcontainer, written with version 3
CDR-Sign in Pinar del Río
A CDR in Old Havana on Paseo de Martí facing Parque Central
"Long Live Socialism" CDR billboard in countryside on the way from Havana to Pinar del Río.
Siblings Margaret F. Celeste, Cong. Jesus 'Boying' F. Celeste (Representative, Pangasinan, 1st District, House of Representatives, Quezon City), former Cong. Arthur F. Celeste, Pangasinan, 1st, Lakas-Kampi-CMD, 14th Congress of the Philippines), and Mayor Alfronso F. Celeste.
Alaminos. Map of Pangasinan with Alaminos highlighted
Political map of Pangasinan
Infanta. Map of Pangasinan with Infanta highlighted
Anda. Map of Pangasinan with Anda highlighted
Bani. Map of Pangasinan with Bani highlighted
Agno. Map of Pangasinan with Agno highlighted
Linguasphere. Areas where Pangasinan is spoken in the Philippines.
Agno. Presidencia Agno Pangasinan
Pangasinan. Pangasinan Provincial Capitol in Lingayen
BurgosSan Isidro de Potot. Map of Pangasinan with Burgos highlighted
Pangaea at the start of Jurassic
Middle Jurassic strata in Neuquén Province, Argentina
M. B. Sreenivasan.
Mallikarjun.
Jesus depicted delivering the Sermon on the Mount which included commentary on the Old Covenant. Some scholars consider this to be an antitype of the proclamation of the Ten Commandments or Mosaic Covenant by Moses from the Biblical Mount Sinai.[20]
Memorial of Moses, Mount Nebo, Jordan
Mount Sinai, showing the approach to Mount Sinai, 1839 painting by David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
The Samaritans on Mount Gerizim
1896 illustration depicting Moses receiving the commandments
Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law by Rembrandt, 1659
Moses elects the Council of Seventy Elders.
Moses before the Pharaoh, a 6th-century miniature from the Syriac Bible of Paris
Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law (1659) by Rembrandt
Print of Moses showing the Ten Commandments. Made at the end of the sixteenth century
Moses Mendelssohn's (reconstructed) grave in Berlin
Moses Mendelssohn's glasses, in the Jewish Museum, Berlin
The Finding of Moses, painting by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1904
Depiction of Moses on the Knesset Menorah raising his arms during the battle against the Amalekites
18th-century depiction of Moses receiving the tablets (Monheim Town Hall)
A 2015 state-level party convention in Stuttgart
A Brandenburg-class frigate of the German Navy
Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative subdivisions, the Reichsgaue
The West German ministers-president debating the Frankfurt Documents in Koblenz
A bicycle-taxi (velotaxi) in front of the German Reichstag building in Berlin with the Greens livery
German Chancellery
German stamp commemorating the work of the Parlamentarischer Rat
German Parliamentary elections 1920–1933
Home state
A German passport
Noh is one of the four major types of Japanese theatre.
First edition (Japanese)
Tibetan Buddhist canon.
Tibetan bronze statue of a windhorse
Japanese scroll depicting various mudras
Tibetan style aṣṭamaṅgala symbols
Four-armed Tibetan form of Avalokiteśvara.
Tibetan ritual conch shell trumpet with Dragon
Map of the Tibetan Empire at its greatest extent between the 780s and the 790s CE
An elderly Tibetan woman with a prayer wheel inscribed with mantras
Tibetan pilgrim, Rewalsar Lake, Himachal Pradesh
An Ordnance Survey map published in 1945 showing Warkworth in the loop of the River Coquet. Warkworth Castle is at the south end of the loop.
Warkworth Castle. The castle's enclosure and keep
Warkworth Castle's gatehouse (left) dates mostly from the 13th century.
J. M. W. Turner painted Warkworth Castle in 1799. The ruins were attracting tourists as early as the mid 18th century.
The keep at the north end of the castle dates from the late 14th century. Warkworth Castle's main entrance was through a gatehouse in the south. The curtain walls date from the early 13th century.
Warkworth. Warkworth village and church, viewed from the northeast