JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Rashidun Empire at its peak under third Rashidun Caliph, Uthman- 654   Strongholds of Rashidun Caliphate
The success of the Battle of Lalakaon and its follow-up operations enabled the Empire to focus its might against Bulgaria, leading to its successful Christianization. Depiction of the baptism of the Bulgarians from the Manasses Chronicle.
Battle of Apamea. View of Apamea's ruins
El Djem Amphitheater aerial view. The amphitheater was converted into a fortress, and in AD 699 served as a refuge for El Kahina during her fight against the Arab invaders. After the battle, the town was abandoned, and the site was reoccupied only during the French colonial period.
Map detailing where the battle took place
4th Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion. 4th LAR Insignia
Areas of oil shale of the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming (USGS)
Mining has been a large industry in Utah since it was first settled. The Bingham Canyon Mine in Salt Lake County is one of the largest open pit mines in the world.
Unidentified bird from the Green River Formation with preserved feathers
Bear Lake on the Utah side from the lookout on US Highway 89
The Scott Matheson Courthouse is the seat of the Utah Supreme Court.
Zion National Park in southern Utah is one of five national parks in the state.
The Apprentice. Promo group shot of Alan Sugar, Nick Hewer and Karren Brady standing before the candidates for series 10
Housemates Chanelle Hayes (left) and Jade Goody (right) were among several housemates who enjoyed much media attention after their respective series.
Satellite dishes on a wall in Hackney, London. The small oval dishes are most likely being used for viewing British services, and are known as Minidishes. The larger dishes are most likely being used for viewing satellite services from outside the UK.
Julie Chen Moonves has hosted the series since its premiere.
Series 11 judgesMel BSimon CowellCheryl Fernandez-VersiniLouis Walsh
Two common modes of Lewis acid catalysis in reactions with polar mechanisms
Multiple bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria, here shown as black and bean-shaped) shown between white blood cells in urinary microscopy. These changes are indicative of a urinary tract infection.
Urine may contain pus (a condition known as pyuria) as seen from a person with sepsis due to a urinary tract infection.
A sample of urine sediment from a patient suffering from a urinary infection, it is possible to see leukocytes (small round and  granular), erythrocytes (small round and biconcave) and epithelial cells (large and polyhedral). The test for leukocyte esterase is indicative and does not replace microscopic examination of urine.[19]
Urinary catheterization. Urinary catheterization with a dummy
Bladder infection
The town of Krujë was the capital of the Principality of Arbanon in the Middle Ages.
The subspecium Regulus calendula grinnellii in September at Lake Louise in Alberta.
Veniliornis.
Melanerpes.
A section of mouse liver stained to show cells undergoing apoptosis (orange)
Different steps in apoptotic cell disassembly.[57]
John E. Sulston won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2002, for his pioneering research on apoptosis.
"Weapons of Class Destruction". Veronica(Kristen Bell) and Logan (Jason Dohring) kiss for the first time. Series creatorRob Thomaswas not pleased with the moment, stating that it should have been "hungry, or a release, or mixed with some self-loathing and confusion. Instead, it came off as singularly romantic."[1]
E120 biological bomblet, developed before the U.S. ratified the Biological Weapons Convention.
USS Kentucky (SSBN-737), an  Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine.
Soy production in Brazil is practiced outside the Amazon
Amazonas state
Members of an uncontacted tribe encountered in the Brazilian state of Acre in 2009
Tofu and soy sauce
Soy chunks
Brazilian firefighters will be helping in the detection of suspected cases
Population density of Brazilian municipalities
Brazilian states by population.
Amazon rainforest, Northern Brazil
Geography. Mammoth MountainInyo National Forest,Madera/Monocounties,California, U.S.Show map of CaliforniaMammoth MountainMammoth Mountain (the United States)Show map of the United States
Mammoth Mountain. Mammoth Mountain from the south, withRitter Rangebehind
Bishop eruption. Two layers of the Bishop Tuff: lower layer was from ashfall, upper layer was from the main pyroclastic flow.
The town of Mammoth Lakes sits on top of ash beds from the Mono–Inyo eruptions.
Light microscope image of ash from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Eastern California. Downtown San Bernardino, anchor of the largest metro area in East California and 12th in the United States.
Mammoth Mountain. Wipeout Chutes under Chair 23withThe Minaretsof theRitter Range
U.S. Forest Service team using a 106 mm (4.2 in) Recoilless Rifle for avalanche control at Mammoth Mountain; Minarets in background.
1822 artist's impression of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79, depicting what the AD 79 eruption may have looked like, by the English geologist George Julius Poulett Scrope. Lightning is depicted around the rising column of ash and gas.
Ash plume rising from Mount Redoubt after an eruption on April 21, 1990
Carbon dioxide has killed a large area of trees
Mule deer are common in the area.
Ivan Konev at the liberation of Prague by the Red Army in May 1945
Borders in 1918  Borders in 1919, 1920  Occupied by Romania in April 1919  Controlled by the Hungarian Soviet Republic  Recovered by the Hungarian Soviet Republic  Under French and Yugoslav control
Romanian army in front of the Hungarian Parliament, Budapest, 1919.
Yamaha TDM 900 of the Portuguese Army Police
Romanian Army operations in April 1919
Austro-Hungarian mountain corps in Tyrol
Red Guards unit of the Vulkan factory
Hungarian Toldi I tank used during the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union
Zengid dynastyزنكيون. Zengid Dynasty at its greatest extent
An Ayyubid coin minted in Aleppo bearing the name of Emir al-Zahir
Title. Talmi-Sarrumac. 1300 BC• Son of TelepinusKing of Halab
Title. Nour al-DawlaBalak11231124• Nephew of IlghaziEmir of Halab
Title. Al-Nasir Salah al-DinYusuf I11831193• Married Mahmud IIIWidowSultan of Halab
Ancient Aleppo
Kebab khashkhash from Aleppo
Aleppo, 1754
Hadad Temple Inside Aleppo Citadel
The nearby Kurd Mountains at the northwest of Aleppo
Syrian children in Aleppo
Aleppo Citadel Museum
Flagellation scene, illustration to Fanny Hill by Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
A ritual flagellation tool known as a zanjir, used in Muharram observances
Human furniture: A nude submissive woman being used as a decorative table. She is required to stay in the same posture, such that the vase over her does not fall (top). A human-table formed using three nude submissive women (bottom).
A half-section of the 12th-century Southern Song dynasty version of The Night Revels of Han Xizai, original by Gu Hongzhong in the 10th century. The painting portrays servants, musicians, monks, children, guests, and hosts all in a single social environment. It serves as an in-depth look into the Chinese social structure of the time.
Flagellation of Christ by Rubens
This Punishment Book, from the school attended by Henry Lawson, is one of the earliest surviving examples of this type of record.
A male buffalo calf about to be sacrificed by a priest in the Durga Puja festival. The buffalo sacrifice practice, however, is rare in contemporary India.[57]
Foot worship of one of the feet of a dominatrix by a submissive man. Her other foot rests over the man's head, using it as a footstool (human furniture). This sketch is from a 1950 work named Bizarre Honeymoon.
An angel ends the Binding of Isaac by Abraham – believed to be a foreshadowing of the human sacrifice of Christ (The Offering of Abraham, Genesis 22:1–13, workshop of Rembrandt, 1636; Christian art)
State position(s). Kim Jong-un김정은(born 1984)11 April 2012General Secretary of the Workers' Party of KoreaPolitburo PresidiumMemberChairman of theCentral Military CommissionChairman of the State Affairs CommissionSupreme Commander of the Armed Forces of North Korea
Central Committee of theWorkers' Party of Korea. Seal used by the Central Committee of the Workers Party of Korea (c.1982)
The headquarters of the WPK Central Committee and hence the party
North Korean soldiers standing at the JSA between the blue buildings
Korean People's Army vehicles on parade
A former Indonesian Lim-5 on display in the United States in North Korean markings
A monument in Pyongyang, depicting North Korean airmen and a MiG fighter.
A semi-submersible infiltration craft used by North Korean special forces in the 1980s[citation needed]
Although Kim Jong-il headed the WPK with no pretense of following the party rules, it was revitalized at the 3rd Conference at the end of his rule
Title page of the current Rulebook of the Workers' Party of Korea
Party membership booklet
Chairman Kim Jong-un in 2019
The Monument to Party Founding in Pyongyang, erected in 1995
Map of Yoruba people, West Africa (Nigeria), 1898
Marriage ceremony. The dress pattern is typical of the yoruba ethnic group in Nigeria.
The Lord's prayer in Yoruba language, Church of the Pater Noster Mount of Olives, Jerusalem
Yoruba copper mask for King Obalufon, Ife, Nigeria c. 1300 CE
Degree of Presence of The Yoruba and 'Yoruba derived' groups in Nigeria, Benin & Togo at Subnational levels
Yoruba cultural dancers
Yoruba dundun ensemble.
Yoruba religion(Òrìṣà-Ifá).
Individuals of Indian origin have achieved a high demographic profile in metropolitan areas worldwide, including India Square (Little Bombay[12]) in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States, home to the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the Western Hemisphere[13] and one of at least 24 enclaves characterised as a Little India that have emerged within the New York City Metropolitan Area, with the largest metropolitan Indian population outside Asia, as large-scale immigration from India continues into New York.[14][15][16][17]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi sharing a laugh in Bombay in 1944, for ill-fated political talks. These two prime political figures of the Indian subcontinent in the 20th century were Gujaratis and native speakers of the Gujarati language.For Jinnah, Gujarati was important only as mother tongue. He was neither born nor raised in Gujarat,[36][37] and Gujarat did not end up a part of Pakistan, the state he espoused. He went on to advocate for solely Urdu in his politics.For Gandhi, Gujarati served as a medium of literary expression. He helped to inspire a renewal in its literature,[38] and in 1936 he introduced the current spelling convention at the Gujarati Literary Society's 12th meeting.[39][40]
Surat is one of the fastest growing cities in the world.
The New York City Metropolitan Area, including Manhattan, Queens, and Nassau County in New York, and most of New Jersey, is home to by far the largest Indian population in the United States,[106] estimated at 679,173 as of 2014.[107]
Seven possible drug targets in viral replication process and drugs
Different vaccine candidate types in development for SARS-CoV-2
Galician bagpipers
Galician bagpipers in New York.
A Galician traditional carro. The wheels are built with cambas or curved pieces; the laterals of the cart are called chedas.
Galician traditional trobos or colmeas (beehives). The closer one is similar to reconstructed Iron Age huts.
Galician Blond cows
Some Galician wines
Galician gaiteiros
Galician linguistic areas
Map of Galician Comarcas (shires)
The Galician Sejm (parliament) in Lviv
Galician-speaking areas outside Galicia (yellow)
Galician pipe band Dambara at the Festival Interceltique de Lorient, 2012
One of the oldest legal documents written in Galician, the Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas
Köppen climate types in the Magallanes Region
Magallanes and ChileanAntarctica RegionRegión de Magallanes yde la Antártica Chilena. Torres del Paine National Park
The port of Piraeus
The port of Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, India
The Porticciolo del Cedas port in Barcola near Trieste, a small local port
Modern global cities, like New York City, often include large central business districts (CBDs) that serve as hubs for economic activity. A panorama of Manhattan, the world's largest CBD, is shown from February 2018.
Riverside Church
Time Warner Center
220 Central Park South
Central Park Tower
One57
432 Park Avenue
53W53
Chrysler Building
Bank of America Tower
Conde Nast Building
The New York Times Building
Empire State Building
Manhattan West
a: 55 Hudson Yards, b: 35 Hudson Yards, c: 10 Hudson Yards, d: 15 Hudson Yards
56 Leonard Street
8 Spruce Street
Woolworth Building
70 Pine Street
30 Park Place
40 Wall Street
Three World Trade Center
Four World Trade Center
One World Trade Center
Port of Kaohsiung is the largest port in Taiwan.
Port of Durban in Durban, South Africa is Africa's busiest port
Corymbia terminalis foliage and buds
Trunk of Corymbia gummifera with red bleeding (Kino)
Persoonia terminalis.
Persoonia terminalis subsp. recurva
The location of modern Hanoi in Vietnam, where the Đại Việt's capital of Thăng Long was located, and which Song forces nearly besieged before both sides agreed to withdraw
A Song era junk ship, 13th century; Chinese ships of the Song period featured hulls with watertight compartments.
Mongol Empire's conquest of Chinese regimes including Western Liao, Jurchen Jin, Song, Western Xia and Dali kingdoms.
Ainu man with bow and arrow. The Ainu were noted to have used wooden bows and poisoned arrows in Chinese accounts.[16]
The Donglin Academy, an educational institution equivalent to modern-day college. It was originally built in 1111 during the Northern Song dynasty.
Traction trebuchet on an Early Song Dynasty warship from the Wujing Zongyao. Trebuchets like this were used to launch the earliest type of explosive bombs.
Chinese boats from the 13th century, Song Dynasty; Chinese ships of the Song period featured hulls with watertight compartments.A painting shows a pair of cargo ships with stern-mounted rudders accompanied by a smaller craft.
Southern Song in 1142.
Emperor Bing, the last Song emperor claimant.
Chinese angled bastion fort, 1638
The tomb of Valdemar Atterdag in Sorø Abbey.
The Royal Danish Playhouse (left) and Opera House (background, right)
The city skyline features many towers and spires.
The Royal Danish Theatre main building
Kalvebod Bølge – public beach within the city
The RAF's bombing of the Gestapo headquarters in March 1945 was coordinated with the Danish resistance movement.
Southeast Asia c.1707-1828 showing the Lao kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, Champasak, and the principality of Phuan (Xieng Khuang)
Buddhist inscriptions in Nom (Vietnamese) and Chinese scripts (1366)Remain Southern gate of Tây Đô, capital of Dai Viet from 1397 to 1407. UNESCO World Heritage Site.Cannonball with size 57 mm, produced during Trần dynasty, 14th century.
Proposed neolithic migration paths into Southeast Asia, with Austronesian peoples from the sea and Austroasiatic peoples from inland Mekong.
Pre-modern copies of the Tipiṭaka were preserved in Palm-leaf manuscripts, most of which have not survived the humid climate of South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Living at the root of a tree (trukkhamulik'anga) is one of the dhutaṅgas, a series of optional ascetic practices for Buddhist monastics.
The mainland of Southeast Asia at the end of the 13th century
Strychnine ball-and-stick model based on X-ray data [1]
Routes to Strychnine Many routes to Strychnine have been developed over the years. Some are chiral and some give racemic product.
Justus von Liebig.
Hermann von Fehling
Justus von Liebig statue, Munich, Germany
Justus von Liebig grave, Munich, Germany
German stamp picturing Justus von Liebig, 1953
Justus von Liebig, by Wilhelm Trautschold, circa 1846
A teacher with two students, as a third arrives with his loculus, a writing case that would contain pens, ink pot, and a sponge to correct errors[567]
Two portraits circa 130 AD: the empress Vibia Sabina (left); and the Antinous Mondragone, one of the abundant likenesses of Hadrian's famously beautiful male companion Antinous
Cross sectioned great grey owl specimen showing the extent of the body plumage, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen
Mounted specimen of the Black-throated toucanet collected by Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied and now in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien
Barred eagle-owl.
Detail of an eye of an eagle-owl
Eurasian eagle-owl.
Eurasian eagle-owl in captivity
An eagle-owl at the stadium in Helsinki
The face of a barred eagle-owl
Spot-bellied eagle-owl.
A painting of the spot-bellied eagle-owl.
Dusky eagle-owl.
Eurasian eagle-owl with a rat in its beak
A-7 Corsair II aircraft made by Ling-Temco-Vought. This example, a former US Navy aircraft, was photographed at a British airshow in 2005. It was retired from service by 2014 from the Hellenic Air Force (Greece).
Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey, the most successful tiltrotor to date.
U.S. Marines jump from a V-22 Osprey, the first production tiltrotor aircraft
The VE-7 was the first aircraft to launch from a U.S. Navyaircraft carrier
The Soviet Union's VTOL aircraft, the Yakovlev Yak-38
The Antonov An-225 is the heaviest aircraft
The C-130 Hercules is the archetypal military transport aircraft
The Short SC.1 a VTOL delta aircraft
A collection of NASA experimental aircraft, including (clockwise from left) the X-31, F-15 ACTIVE, SR-71, QF-106, F-16XL, X-38, Radio Controlled Mothership, and X-36.
Launch of Vought's ASAT in 1983
The Arado Ar 232 was the first purpose built cargo aircraft
Lockheed's Covert "Advanced Projects" Facility at Hiller Aircraft (Menlo Park, CA)
Phalangopsinae.
Samaritans pray before the Holy Rock on Mount Gerizim
Samaritans onMount GerizimduringPassover
Interior of the Synagogue of the Samaritans in Nablus, c. 1920.
Yitzhaq ben Amram ben Shalma ben Tabia, the High Priest of the Samaritans, Nablus, c. 1920.
Cursive in English letter from 1894
Cursive handwriting from the 19th-century USA.
Half of the National Anthem of Bangladesh, written in cursive Bengali
The Academy of the Hebrew Language building at the Hebrew University Givat Ram campus
Mishneh Torah, written in Hebrew by Maimonides.
Medieval Hebrew. Excerpt from 13th–14th-century manuscript of the Hebrew translation ofThe Guide for the Perplexed
Abu Bakr dying beside Ali
Rashidun Caliphate during the reign of Abu Bakr.
Caliph Abu Bakr's empire at its peak in August 634.
Abu Bakr dispatched Ali, who did participate during the Ridda wars[citation needed] against the forces of Tulayha, a self-proclaimed prophet in July 632.
A Persian miniature depicts Muhammad leading Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets in prayer.
The valkyrie Sigrdrífa says a pagan Norse prayer in Sigrdrífumál; illustration by Arthur Rackham
Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.
Shire Hall in Cambridge, headquarters of Cambridgeshire County Council
Linton. Linton Church
Buildings in Linton
Linton. Station in 2020.
Linton. LintonLocation in central Quebec.
College Arms, Linton on Ouse
Linton Road as seen from Banbury Road.
Construction work under way near Histon, Cambridgeshire in 2008.
Festival-goers attending the 2014 Cambridge Folk Festival
Linton-on-Ouse. Linton on Ouse
Linton. Location within Portneuf RCM.
Cambridgeshire Guided Busway network between Huntingdon (top-left) and Cambridge (bottom-right)
Cambridge in 1575
Cambridge Guildhall
Location in Cambridge
The former Montgomery County Courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, in January 2006, which served as the county courthouse from 1931 to 1982. The building now houses a state district court after the county court was moved to the Montgomery County Judicial Center.
View east at the west end of MD 496 at MD 97 near Pleasant Valley
Pleasant Valley. Pleasant Valley as seen fromShort Hill Mountainwith thePotomac Riverin the foreground
A map showing Maryland's median income by county. Data is sourced from the 2014 ACS 5-year Estimate report published by the US Census Bureau.
Frederick County, Maryland. Downtown Frederick in June 2014
1860 Martenet's Map of Howard County, Maryland
The Montgomery County Judicial Center courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, in May 2010.
Funkstown, Maryland.
Smithsburg, Maryland.
Chewsville, Maryland.
Downsville, Maryland.
Leitersburg, Maryland.
Close-up view of the wall of the Roman shore fort at Burgh Castle, Norfolk, showing alternating courses of flint and brickwork.
Part of the southern wall today
"Roman Baroque" Temple of Bacchus at Baalbek, Lebanon
Simplified structure of the norepinephrine transporter protein.
The monoamine is released inside the vesicle and the two hydrogen atoms are released into the cytosol and the transport process starts over again.
The conformational change induced by the hydrogen atom binding enables the monoamine binding to the active transport site
Dopamine can be found in the peel and fruit pulp of bananas.
Dopamine HCl preparation, single dose vial for intravenous administration
German invasion of Belgium. German invasion of Belgium
German occupation of Belgium, 1914–1916
German soldiers during the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers, 1941
The library of the Catholic University of Leuven, burnt by the invading forces
The German Reichstag after its capture by the Allied forces, 3 June 1945.
The hilly and forested regions of the Ardennes
Russian prisoners at the Battle of Tannenberg, where the Russian Second Army was annihilated by German forces
The center of the transboundary highlands of the Ardennes and the Eifel
German trench destroyed by a mine explosion, 1917
Map of the final German offensives, 1918
Franco-German border, 1914.
German South West Africa, 1915
Gotha G.V German bomber, 1917
Radioisotope-powered cardiac pacemaker being developed by the Atomic Energy Commission, is planned to stimulate the pulsing action of a malfunctioning heart. Circa 1967.
Primary coolant system showing reactor pressure vessel (red), steam generators (purple), pressurizer (blue), and pumps (green) in the three coolant loop Hualong One pressurized water reactor design
The Sun is a natural fusion reactor, and transmutes light elements into heavier elements through stellar nucleosynthesis, a form of nuclear fusion.
Keggin structure of the phosphomolybdate anion (P[Mo12O40]3−), an example of a polyoxometalate
Exhibition to mark the 75th anniversary of the discovery of nuclear fission, at the Vienna International Centre in 2013. The table (on loan from the Deutsches Museum Munich) is now described as a replica and images of Meitner and Strassmann are prominently displayed.
The Onkalo is a planned deep geological repository for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel[57][58] near the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant in Eurajoki, on the west coast of Finland. Picture of a pilot cave at final depth in Onkalo.
HakunilaHåkansböle. High rise flats, typical of Hakunila
Hakunila Manor
Kivistö.
The Kivistö school
Tommi Kivistö.
The main church of Kivistö
Kivistö. Buildings of the Kivistö center in September 2020
Engineers conferring on prototype design, 1954
PCB layout and schematic for connector design
An "Orange slice" sickle blade element with inverse, discontinuous retouch on each side, not denticulated. Found in large quantities at Qaraoun II and often with Heavy Neolithic tools in the flint workshops of the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon. Suggested by James Mellaart to be older than the Pottery Neolithic of Byblos (around 8,400 cal. BP).
Avebury in Wiltshire is the largest example of a stone circle from the British Isles, and is physically situated within an earlier henge.
The Neolithic chambered tomb of Newgrange in County Meath, Ireland, originally constructed circa 3200 BCE, but later reconstructed in the 1970s.
Food and cooking items retrieved at a European Neolithic site: millstones, charred bread, grains and small apples, a clay cooking pot, and containers made of antlers and wood
Expansion to South AsiaEarly Neolithic sites in the Near East and South Asia 10,000–3,800 BPNeolithic dispersal from the Near East to South Asia suggested by the time of establishment of Neolithic sites as a function of distance from Gesher, Israel. The dispersal rate amounts to about 0.6 km per year[54]
Anthropomorphic Neolithic figurine
Boxgrove handaxes at the British Museum
Anthropomorphic Neolithic ceramic figurine