JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
An 1845 illustration by R. R. McIan, from James Logan's The Clans of the Scottish Highlands showing the Ogilvie tartan
David alongside his designated successor, Máel Coluim mac Eanric. Máel Coluim IV would reign for twelve years, in a reign marked for the young king's chastity and religious fervour.
Máel Coluim II mac Donnchaidh Mac Duibh(Malcolm II, son of Duncan, Macduff). The Mormaer of Fife as depicted at the inauguration of Alexander III in a late medieval manuscript of Walter Bower'sScotichronicon.
An early twentieth-century depiction of Edgar being rowed down the River Dee by eight kings.[64] According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Edgar met six kings at Chester. By the twelfth century, chroniclers alleged that eight kings rowed Edgar down the river in an act of submission.[65] One of these eight was Máel Coluim himself.
A thirteenth-century depiction of the capture of William I, King of Scotland in 1174, as it appears on folio 134r of Cambridge Corpus Christi College 26 (Chronica majora).[39] The dramatic aftereffects of this king's capture may have had repercussions upon Máel Coluim's portrayal in mediaeval sources.
Notes. Douglas Tartan (modern). The Douglas tartan was worn by the former British Army Regiment,The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)and is still worn by theRoyal Gurkha Rifles. In its grey form, it is worn by the officers of all Scottish squadrons of theRAuxAFas part of their mess uniform.
Wallace statue by D. W. Stevenson on the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh
Coat of arms of the Swedish comital Douglas family; the escutcheon is the Scottish Douglas arms
Archibald Douglas. Archibald 'Bell-the-Cat' depicted as a notable figure in Scottish history by the Victorian artistWilliam Hole
William "Rufus", the Red, King of the English, and partial instigator of the Scottish civil war, 1093–1097.
Esperanza Base in 2012.
Esperanza Base seen from Hope Bay
Children, adolescents and teachers of the school of Esperanza Base.
Esperanza BaseBase Esperanza. View of Esperanza Base, January 2016
Esperanza BaseBase Esperanza. Esperanza BaseLocation of Esperanza Base inAntarctica
Cemetery at Esperanza Station
The Orcadas Base in 1996
World population growth from 1700 to 2100
View of Chile's Captain Arturo Prat Base, established in 1947
Penguins near President Gabriel González Videla Base (1957)
Edmund Hillary (left) with Rear-Admiral George J. Dufek at Scott Base just before the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition's departure from the base.
Artist's conception of a lunar base
Various technologies and devices for Mars are shown in the illustration of a Mars base
Newton's tomb monument in Westminster Abbey
Newton statue on display at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History
Poland and Lithuania in 1526, before the Union of Lublin
Poland and Lithuania after the Union of Lublin (1569)
A map of European languages (1741) with the first verse of the Lord's Prayer in Lithuanian
Ethnographic Map of Slavic and Baltic Languages
Abyssinian–Adal war broke out in the Horn of Africa after the arrival of the Portuguese Empire in the region.
Second Italo-Senussi War. Senussi rebel leaderOmar Mukhtar(the man in traditional clothing with a chain on his left arm) after his arrest by Italian armed forces in 1931. Mukhtar was executed in a public hanging shortly afterward.
First Italo-Ethiopian War. Clockwise from top left: Italian soldiers en route toMassawa; castle ofYohannes IVatMek'ele;[7]Ethiopian cavalry at theBattle of Adwa; Italian prisoners are freed following the end of hostilities;Menelik IIat Adwa;RasMakonnenleading Ethiopian troops in theBattle of Amba Alagi
First Congo War. Map showing the AFDL offensive
Armée nationale congolaise (ANC) armoured vehicles during the Congo Crisis
Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769). Burma and China prior to the war (1765)
Cuban War of Independence. An illustrated history of our war with Spain – its causes, incidents, and results, Henry Russell
A Transit camp for Prisoners of War near Cape Town during the war. Prisoners were then transferred for internment in other parts of the British Empire.
95,000 Iranian child soldiers were made casualties during the Iran–Iraq War, mostly between the ages of 16 and 17, with a few younger.[145][146]
The method of ploughing the fields created a distinctive ridge and furrow pattern in open-field agriculture. The outlines of the medieval strips of cultivation, called selions, are still clearly visible in these now enclosed fields.
A modern-day landscape preserving a scene similar to that of a medieval village surrounded by open fields. Each of the large fields was divided into long, narrow strips of land cultivated by different farmers.
Conjectural map of a mediaeval English manor. The part allocated to 'common pasture' is shown in the north-east section, shaded green.Three-field system with ridge and furrow fields (furlongs)Division of farm land. 1 acre= 0.4 Ha. 1 virgate=30 acres[k]The Open-field system
Ploughing with a single-sided plough in a ploughing match, showing furrows heaped towards centre of strip (The different strips will eventually meet). Note that this is not yet ridge and furrow, as the strip has only been ploughed once in this location.
Farmers protesting for land reform in Indonesia, 2004
The shah distributing land deeds during Iran's White Revolution
Land Hold Title Rights Blockerf
Anil Kumble, former captain of the Indian Test team and spin legend, is the highest wicket-taker for India in international cricket.
Vinson Lackey's, an associate editor for The Kappa Alpha Journal, opening article for a 1922 edition of the journal. Lackey describes what KA's believed were the white supremacist origins of the fraternity during the Reconstruction era when African Americans threatened white womanhood and southern civilization. The articles' title, "The Birth of an Order," evokes the title of The Birth of a Nation.[42]
Vishnu image inside the Badami Cave Temple Complex number 3. The complex is an example of Indian rock-cut architecture.
John Temple Graves' toast to Confederate General Robert E. Lee delivered at the Kappa Alpha Order 32nd Biennial Convention, December 29, 1923. Reprinted in The Kappa Alpha Journal v.40, no. 2 (1924).
Lake Belledonne in September 2007.
Grand Pic de Belledonne, seen from Biviers.
Laval-en-Belledonne. Tower of Montfallet
Belledonne. Clouds clear up and reveal Grand Pic de Belledonne
Grand Pic de Belledonne. The Grand Pic de Belledonne
Crêts-en-Belledonne. A view of Saint-Pierre
Glacier de Freydane, below the 3 peaks of Belledonne, July 2007.
Panoramic view of Belledonne and of its "balcony", seen from Biviers.
Croix de Belledonne. Left to right: Grand Pic, Pic Central and Croix de Belledonne (the cross is visible in high resolution)
Sawatch Range near Twin Lakes.
Gallery in wood
Japanese Maple bark
Living tree bark enveloping barbed wire
P. abies wood
European spruce bark beetle.
Bark chips
Bark beetlesTemporal range:Barremian–RecentPreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN.
Number of registered users, 2001 - May 2006
Aerial view of flooded New Orleans school buses.
Page view statistics as of July 2012.
Jimmy Wales's autobiographical edits attracted criticism in December 2005.
The HonorableEduardo Cojuangco Jr.. Cojuangco in 2020
The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which served as the basis for the current constitution.
The Spanish established Manila as the capital of the Captaincy General of the Philippines.
The Philippines (in red) has embassies in various nations (in blue).
Parties that hold the seats in each legislative district and party-list in the 17th Congress. Party-list seats are denoted by boxes on the right side. Metro Manila is magnified at the upper right corner.
Map of the 13 judicial regions of the Philippines.
The Malolos Congress
Remains of the site of the ancestral house of Gen. Francisco Macabulos
Ombudsman of the Philippines
Description. 23Muscatine23,631MuscatineMuscatine is located along theMississippi River. The name Muscatine is unique in that it is not used by any other city in the United States.
Description. 58Costa Mesa113,003OrangeSince its incorporation in 1953, Costa Mesa has grown from a semi-rural farming community to a primarily suburban city with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. Costa Mesa is home toSouth Coast Plaza, one of the largest shopping malls in the United States.
Description. 88Westminster90,643OrangeWestminster is known for itsVietnamese Americancommunity, one of the largest in the United States.
Description. 8Waterloo67,328Black HawkThe name "Waterloo" supplanted the original name, "Prairie Rapids Crossing" shortly after Charles Mullan petitioned for a post office in the town. Since the signed petition did not include the name of the proposed post office location, Mullan was charged with selecting the name when he submitted the petition. Tradition has it that as he flipped through a list of other post offices in the United States, he came upon the current name. The city is part of theWaterloo–Cedar Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Description. 6West Des Moines67,899PolkWarrenDallasThe West Des Moines area used to be home to theSacandFoxtribes. West Des Moines is the second-largest city in theDes Moines metropolitan areaand the sixth-largest city in Iowa. It ranked 94th inMoneymagazine's list of the "100 Best Places to Live and Launch" in 2008.[3]It is one of Iowa's largest andwealthiestcities and one ofDes Moines'srichestsuburbs.
Members of the Dagger Brigade Staff pose in front of the brigade headquarters on June 14, 2016 at Camp Buehring, Kuwait.
Portuguese Army light infantryman (caçador) of the Peninsular War, with earth-tone uniform aiding concealment, compared to bright uniforms of line infantry
A trainer with Company A, 1st Battalion 502nd Infantry Regiment, Task Force Strike, 101st Airborne Division assisting Iraqi army ranger students during a room clearing drill at Camp Taji, Iraq on 18 July 2016
The 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry passing through the railway viaduct north of Bütgenbach, Belgium, on the Monschauer St. (N647) towards Bütgenbach. The railway viaduct was part of the line running from Losheim/Eifel (Germany) to Trois-Ponts, Belgium, and had been blown up by the retreating German troops.
Rockford, Illinois. Downtown East State Street corridor
University of Illinois College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rockford
French light infantry in the woods during the Napoleonic era, by Victor Huen.
Stryker vehicle and dismounted infantry of the US Army's 1st Brigade Combat Team in Mosul, Iraq 2004.
Pfc. Michael Andrade of Bravo Company, 3rd Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, carries an M240B machine gun while on a foot patrol in Wardak province, Afghanistan, 2013
Major Unit Headquarters of 7th US Army, 1957.
Camp Toccoa, GA, c. 1942
The 24th U.S. Infantry at drill, Camp Walker, Philippine Islands 1902
Population density in Ukraine by raion.
Fertility rate in Ukraine by oblast in 2011
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 1897
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 1926
Description. Sloboda Ukraine
Hydrographic zoning in Ukraine
Topographic map of Ukraine
Simple flow chart of administrative divisions of Ukraine
Demographics of Ukraine. Ukraine population pyramid on 1 January 2021.
Life expectancy at birth in Ukraine by oblast in 2012
Ethnic Ukrainians in Ukraine by raions (2001 census)
Pavilion of Ukraine at the All-Russia Exhibition Centre in Moscow
Fort-de-France. Location of the commune (in red) within Martinique
Biogas holder with lightning protection rods and backup gas flare
A British gas bomb that was used during World War I.
Circuits of the basal ganglia in treatment of Parkinson's disease – model of the effect of medication on motor symptoms: levodopa, dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors stimulate excitatory signals from the thalamus to the cortex by effects on the striatum, compensating for decreased dopaminergic signals from substantia nigra (seen at bottom right).
Stalevo, a commercial preparation combining entacapone, levodopa, and carbidopa for treatment of Parkinson's disease
An 1893 photograph of Jean-Martin Charcot, who made important contributions to the understanding of the disease, including the proposal of anticholinergics as treatments for tremor
Bella Calamidades. Poster
Thomas Hobbes, best known for his Leviathan, which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory.
A Japanese depiction of Nagarjuna, one of the greatest Buddhist philosophers and founder of Madhyamaka
Adi Shankara is one of the most frequently studied Hindu philosophers.[34][35]
An Iranian portrait of Avicenna on a Silver Vase. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the Islamic Golden Age.
The image shows an example of a general Weyr matrix consisting of two blocks each of which is a basic Weyr matrix. The basic Weyr matrix in the top-left corner has the structure (4,2,1) and the other one has the structure (2,2,1,1).
Claude Chevalley. Y. Akizuki, C. Chevalley and A. Kobori
Camille Jordan.
Ruins of Warsaw's old town market square. In total, eighty-five percent of the city was destroyed and nearly 200,000 civilians killed.
Dina Pronicheva on the witness stand, 24 January 1946, at a Kyiv war-crimes trial of fifteen members of the German police responsible for the occupied Kyiv region.
A panoramic view of Podil, one of Kyiv's central neighborhoods
View to the left bank neighbourhoods of Kyiv
Hungarians at Kyiv in 830 during the times of Rus' Khaganate
Detail of Sebastian Münster's Map of Poland and Hungary, 1552, showing Kyiv labelled "Kyouia epatus" (Latin: Kyovia episcopatus, lit. 'Kyiv episcopate').
German tanks at Kharkov, 1943
Đông Hồ woodblock depiction of Ngô Quyền leading his troops against Southern Han forces on the Bạch Đằng River, 938 AD
Bạch Đằng River
Han / Yue漢/越.
10th century brick with Chinese-characters inscription: "Brick to built the great Viet state"
A rubbing of a Han pictorial stone showing an ancestral worship hall (citang 祠堂)
Lively musicians playing a bamboo flute and a plucked instrument, Chinese ceramic statues from the Eastern Han period (25–220 AD), Shanghai Museum
Coin of Herod the Great
Bronze coin of Herod the Great, minted at Samaria.
Herodian Kingdom of Judea. Judea under Herod the Great
Massacre of the Innocents, 10th century depiction. Herod on the left
Cheviot. Hall St (State Highway 1), the main street of Cheviot
Map showing Dunedin–Waitati Highway and the Dunedin Southern Motorway (marked in red – other parts of State Highway 1 are marked in white)
Depiction of the Earth:Venus 8:13 near resonance. With Earth held stationary at the center of a nonrotating frame, the successive inferior conjunctions of Venus over eight Earth years trace a pentagrammic pattern (reflecting the difference between the numbers in the ratio).
Sequence of conjunctions of Hydra (blue), Nix (red) and Styx (black) over one third of their resonance cycle. Movements are counterclockwise and orbits completed are tallied at upper right of diagrams (click on image to see the whole cycle).
Because Earth's Moon is 1:1 tidally locked, only one side is visible from Earth.
Enhanced-color Galileo spacecraft image of Ganymede's trailing hemisphere.[46] The crater Tashmetum's prominent rays are at lower right, and the large ejecta field of Hershef at upper right. Part of dark Nicholson Regio is at lower left, bounded on its upper right by Harpagia Sulcus.
Boeing-Stearman Model 75 PT-13D biplane trainer from the 30s and 40s
Mauro Solar Riser electric-powered ultralight biplane
G-VROE, a preserved Anson C.21 operated by the Classic Air Force, 2005
1909 Voisin biplane, with "curtains" connecting the upper and lower wings
Anson 11 G-ALIH of Ekco Electronics at Blackbushe, Hants, in September 1955
Late 1930s Fiat CR.42 Falco with Warren truss interplane struts which reduced the work needed in rigging a biplane
Avro Avro 691 Lancastrian 3 G-AGWH cn 1280 'Stardust' BSAA
Tudor 2 of Air Charter Limited at London Stansted Airport in 1955
First World War Sopwith Camel biplane
1920s biplane hang glider
The Shuttleworth Collection's Avro Tutor K3215/G-AHSA
Bomb aimer in his position in the nose.Inside G for George of No. 460 Squadron. Looking forward between wing spars. At left the wireless operator, at right the navigator
Type 688 Tudor.
B II with Bristol Hercules radial engines
A former BSAA Tudor V in storage in 1953
Marine Corps HUS-1 helicopter from HMR-262 retrieves Freedom 7 from the Atlantic
Battle of Okinawa. US Marine from the2nd Battalion, 1st Marineson Wana Ridge provides covering fire with hisThompson submachine gun, 18 May 1945.
Marine Tactical Air Command Squadron 18. MTACS-18 Insignia
Marine Air Control Group 18. MACG-18 Insignia
Generals Mitsuru Ushijima, Isamu Chō and other officers of the Thirty-Second Army in Okinawa, April 1945
Taxiing F/A-18D Hornet of VMFA(AW)-242 at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni (2018)
The Harrat near Jawa in eastern Jordan
Harrat Khaybar seen from the International Space Station
Panoramic view of the Golan Heights, with the Hermon mountains on the left side, taken from Snir.
Proclamation on Recognizing the Golan Heights as Part of the State of Israel. U.S. PresidentDonald Trump, joined by Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahubehind, signs the proclamation.
The Sea of Galilee as seen from the Golan
Golan Archaeological Museum
Golan Heights Winery
Golan Heights visitors center
Natural spring in Golan Heights
Minefield warning sign in the Golan
Israeli farms in the Golan Heights
Organic vineyard in the Golan Heights
A map of the fighting on the Golan Heights
Golan Heights wind farm.
Left office. —Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public AffairsJohn Kirby[6]January 20, 2021—
Left office. —Assistant Secretary of Defense(Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict)Christopher Maier[13]Announced April 23, 2021—
Left office. —Assistant Secretary of Defense(Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs)Deborah Rosenblum[13]August 2021(Confirmed July 29, 2021 by voice vote)—
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition. Flag of anAssistant Secretary of Defense
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Acquisition. IncumbentDyke D. Weatherington(Acting)since 2021
Left office. —Chief of Staff to the Secretary of DefenseKelly Magsamen[6]January 20, 2021—
Left office. —Assistant Secretary of the Army(Installations, Energy and Environment)Rachel Jacobson[28]Announced July 2, 2021—
Left office. —Assistant Secretary of the Army(Financial Management and Comptroller)Caral Spangler[27]Announced June 3, 2021—
Left office. —Secretary of DefenseLloyd AustinJanuary 22, 2021[2](Confirmed January 22, 2021, 93–2)[3]—
Left office. —Under Secretary of Defense(Acquisition and Sustainment)Michael Brown[15]Announced April 2, 2021Withdrawn July 20, 2021[18]
Left office. —Deputy Secretary of DefenseKathleen HicksFebruary 9, 2021[4](Confirmed February 8, 2021 by voice vote)[5]—
Left office. —Under Secretary of Defense(Policy)Colin KahlApril 28, 2021(Confirmed April 27, 2021, 49–45)[9]—
Left office. —Under Secretary of Defense(Research and Engineering)Heidi Shyu[22]July 25, 2021(Confirmed July 22, 2021 by voice vote)[23]—
Left office. —Under Secretary of Defense(Intelligence and Security)Ronald Moultrie[15]June 1, 2021(Confirmed May 28, 2021 by voice vote)[19]—
Partial View of Medium Security Fencing at Gowanda Correctional Facility, South Side, September 1996
Aerial photo of Rikers Island, seen from the North. Bain Correctional Center is seen in the bottom left corner as the docked blue and white ship.
[1] Types of financing/funding
Biological roles of succinate. Inside the mitochondria, succinate serves as an intermediate in multiple metabolic pathways and contributes to the generation of ROS. Outside the mitochondria, succinate functions as both an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule. OOA=oxaloacetate; a-KG=alpha ketoglutarate; GLUT= Glutamate; GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid; SSA=Succinic semialdehyde ; PHD= prolyl hydroxylase; HIF-1a=hypoxia inducible factor 1a; TET= Ten-eleven Translocation Enzymes; JMJD3= Histone demethylase Jumonji D3
Accumulated succinate inhibits dioxygenases, such as histone and DNA demethylases or prolyl hydroxylases, by competitive inhibition. Thus, succinate modifies the epigenic landscape and regulates gene expression.
Muslim Brotherhood.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya movement
Muslim cemetery in Kosh Köl, Issyk Kul Province
Muslim boys outside a newly built madrassah in Krabi Province, 2014
Former Kaohsiung Muslim Cemetery in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung
1939, Northwest China, Chinese Muslim fighters gather to fight against the Japanese[140][141]
Maulana Azad was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement and a strong advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity. Shown here is Azad (left) with Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi in 1940.
Iqaluit is situated on the Everett Mountains
View of Apex, a suburban neighbourhood of Iqaluit.
Northern Inuit Dog.
Northern Quebec (territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975)
Sedna, an Inuit deity
Inuit elders eating Maktaaq
An Inuit woman tending a kudlik.
The reinforcing effects of addictive drugs, such as nicotine, are associated with its ability to excite the mesolimbic and dopaminergic systems.[191]How does the nicotine in e-cigarettes affect the brain?[192] Until about age 25, the brain is still growing.[192] Each time a new memory is created or a new skill is learned, stronger connections – or synapses – are built between brain cells.[192] Young people's brains build synapses faster than adult brains.[192] Because addiction is a form of learning, adolescents can get addicted more easily than adults.[192] The nicotine in e-cigarettes and other tobacco products can also prime the adolescent brain for addiction to other drugs such as cocaine.[192]
Containers of nicotine pouches
An oral nicotine spray
Effect of nicotine on dopaminergic neurons.
Effect of nicotine on chromaffin cells
Size of nicotine pouch (in centimetres)
Chemical structure of nicotine.
Urinary metabolites of nicotine, quantified as average percentage of total urinary nicotine.[135]
Structure of protonated nicotine (left) and structure of the counterion benzoate (right). This combination is used in some vaping products to increase nicotine delivery to the lung.
A girl wearing a Marlboro shirt in the 1980s. Owning and being willing to use promotional items is a significant risk factor for nicotine addiction.[3]:258, 240–268[79]
A 21 mg patch applied to the left arm. The Cochrane Collaboration finds that nicotine replacement therapy increases a quitter's chance of success by 50–60%, regardless of setting.[39]
The species' variable habitus has given rise to many supposed varieties.
Though advertisements for cigarettes are banned in many countries, such advertising could still be seen in the sponsorship of events such as auto racing.
Nicotine pouches.
Testosterone levels with 2, 5, or 10 mg/day dienogest, 10 mg/day oral cyproterone acetate, or placebo in healthy young men.[37]
Oral contraceptives, 1970s
A Pfizer employee putting dry ice in a box to protect the COVID-19 vaccines during transport at the Puurs factory
Boxes containing the COVID‑19 vaccines at the Pfizer factory in Puurs
Moderna vaccine being stored in a conventional medical freezer
US military personnel being administered the Moderna vaccine in December 2020
A box of ten vials of the Moderna vaccine at a Pharmacy in Quebec
An insulated shipping container with Moderna vaccine boxes ensconced by cold packs
"Moderna arm",[38] a non-serious skin reaction seen at seven days following the Moderna vaccination
Moderna headquarters inCambridge, Massachusetts
Kamala Harris, Vice President of the United States, receiving her second dose of the Moderna vaccination in January 2021.
Two red junglefowl, a cock and a hen
Red junglefowl hen in India
Grey junglefowl.
Grey Junglefowl cock in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, India.
Green Junglefowl male in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia.
Naram-Sin stele, inscription of Naram-Sin in the Akkadian language. The name Naram-Sin (𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪) appears vertically in the upper right box.
Akkadian soldier of Naram-Sin, with helmet and long sword, on the Nasiriyah stele. He carries a metal vessel of Anatolian type.[24]