JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Silicon. SiliconThesilica cycleinvolves the transport ofsilicabetween the Earth's systems.Opalsilica (SiO2), also calledsilicon dioxide, is a chemical compound ofsilicon. Silicon is a bioessential element and is one of the most abundant elements on Earth.[61][62]The silica cycle has significant overlap with thecarbon cycle(see thecarbonate–silicate cycle) and plays an important role in the sequestration of carbon through continentalweathering, biogenic export and burial asoozeson geologic timescales.[63]
Export and burial rates of terrestrial organic carbon in the oceanexample of a more complex model with many interacting boxes Reservoir masses here represents carbon stocks, measured in Pg C. Carbon exchange fluxes, measured in Pg C yr−1, occur between the atmosphere and its two major sinks, the land and the ocean. The black numbers and arrows indicate the reservoir mass and exchange fluxes estimated for the year 1750, just before the Industrial Revolution. The red arrows (and associated numbers) indicate the annual flux changes due to anthropogenic activities, averaged over the 2000–2009 time period. They represent how the carbon cycle has changed since 1750. Red numbers in the reservoirs represent the cumulative changes in anthropogenic carbon since the start of the Industrial Period, 1750–2011.[67][68][69]
Hydrogen. HydrogenThehydrogen cycleconsists ofhydrogenexchanges betweenbiotic(living) andabiotic(non-living) sources and sinks of hydrogen-containing compounds. Hydrogen (H) is the most abundant element in the universe.[38]On Earth, common H-containing inorganic molecules include water (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2),methane(CH4),hydrogen sulfide(H2S), andammonia(NH3). Many organic compounds also contain H atoms, such ashydrocarbonsandorganic matter. Given the ubiquity of hydrogen atoms in inorganic and organic chemical compounds, the hydrogen cycle is focused on molecular hydrogen (H2).
DOM, POM and the viral shuntConnections between the different compartments of the living (bacteria/viruses and phyto−/zooplankton) and the nonliving (DOM/POM and inorganic matter) environment[78]The viral shunt pathway facilitates the flow of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) through the marine food web
One computer simulation of conditions during a snowball Earth period[46]
Reference ranges for blood tests, sorted logarithmically by mass above the scale and by molarity below. (A separate printable image is available for mass and molarity)
Marine biogeochemical cyclesThe dominant feature of the planet viewed from space is water – oceans of liquid water flood most of the surface while water vapour swirls in atmospheric clouds and the poles are capped with ice. Taken as a whole, the oceans form a single marine system where liquid water – the "universal solvent" – dissolves nutrients and substances containing elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. These substances are endlessly cycled and recycled, chemically combined and then broken down again, dissolved and then precipitated or evaporated, imported from and exported back to the land and the atmosphere and the ocean floor. Powered both by the biological activity of marine organisms and by the natural actions of the sun and tides and movements within the Earth's crust, these are the marine biogeochemical cycles.
DOC net production, transport and export in the ocean Regions of significant net DOC production (broad arrows) include coastal and equatorial upwelling regions that support much of the global new production. DOC is transported into and around the subtropical gyres with the wind-driven surface circulation. Export takes place if exportable DOC (elevated concentrations indicated by dark blue fields) is present during overturning of the water column. precursor for deep and intermediate water mass formation. DOC is also exported with subduction in the gyres. In regions where DOCenriched subtropical water is prevented by polar frontal systems from serving as a precursor for overturning circulation (such as at the sites of Antarctic Bottom Water formation in the Southern Ocean) DOC export is a weak component of the biological pump. Waters south of the Antarctic Polar Front lack significant exportable DOC (depicted by light blue field) during winter.[70]
Deep earth carbon
Sea spray containing marine microorganisms, and all the substances and elements contained in their bodies, can be swept high into the atmosphere. There they become aeroplankton and can travel the globe before falling back to earth.
San Bernardino. San BernardinoCalifornia34°03′N116°57′W﻿ / ﻿34.050°N 116.950°W﻿ /34.050; -116.950﻿ (San Bernardino)February 25, 1893678,980 acres (2,747.7 km2)San Bernardino National Forest includes part of theSanta Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument. The forest surroundsLake Arrowheadand other reservoirs.[106]
Bighorn. BighornWyoming44°32′N107°21′W﻿ / ﻿44.533°N 107.350°W﻿ /44.533; -107.350﻿ (Bighorn)February 22, 18971,105,311 acres (4,473.0 km2)In theBighorn Mountainsof north-central Wyoming, Bighorn National Forest has eight lodges, several reservoirs, and 1,500 mi (2,400 km) of trails. Elevation reach 13,167 ft (4,013 m) atCloud Peakin theCloud Peak Wilderness, which is also the location of theCloud Peak Glacier.[19]
Saint Elias Mountains. Mt. Saint Elias
The statue of Elijah at the Saint Elias Cathedral, Aleppo, Syria
Mount Logan in the Saint Elias Mountains of Yukon is the highest peak of Canada.
Geography. Saint Elias Mountains, east of the Wrangell Mountains
The Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York form the southernmost part of the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion.
Daniel Boone. Daniel BooneKentucky37°17′N83°52′W﻿ / ﻿37.283°N 83.867°W﻿ /37.283; -83.867﻿ (Daniel Boone)February 23, 1937564,168 acres (2,283.1 km2)Encompassing part of theCumberland PlateauandAppalachian Mountains, Daniel Boone National Forest has two wilderness areas and several reservoirs. Scenic areas includeCumberland Falls,Red River Gorge,Yahoo Archand many caves.[41]
Uwharrie. UwharrieNorth Carolina35°24′N79°56′W﻿ / ﻿35.400°N 79.933°W﻿ /35.400; -79.933﻿ (Uwharrie)January 12, 196151,218 acres (207.3 km2)Uwharrie National Forest borders the eastern side ofBadin Lakeand has one wilderness area: theBirkhead Mountains Wilderness. The forest is managed together with North Carolina's other national forests.[39]
Finger Lakes. Finger LakesNew York42°31′N76°47′W﻿ / ﻿42.517°N 76.783°W﻿ /42.517; -76.783﻿ (Finger Lakes)1983[49]16,352 acres (66.2 km2)Located betweenSenecaandCayugalakes, Finger Lakes National Forest is one of the smallest national forests. The Gorge Trail enters a small gorge in the forest, and theNorth Country Trailcrosses part of the forest.[8]:209–212[49]
White Mountain. White MountainNew Hampshire,Maine44°09′N71°25′W﻿ / ﻿44.150°N 71.417°W﻿ /44.150; -71.417﻿ (White Mountain)May 16, 1918761,687 acres (3,082.4 km2)This national forest is located in theWhite Mountains, which theAppalachian Trailand White Mountain Scenic Byway pass through. The forest includesMount Washington, which at 6,288 ft (1,917 m) is the highest point in the Northeast and the location of the fastest wind speed recorded on earth, although the summit is located in astate park.[127]
Allegheny. AlleghenyPennsylvania41°39′N79°01′W﻿ / ﻿41.650°N 79.017°W﻿ /41.650; -79.017﻿ (Allegeny)September 24, 1923513,655 acres (2,078.7 km2)Pennsylvania's only national forest includesKinzua DamandAllegheny Reservoiron theAllegheny Plateauin the northwestern part of the state. The forest contains the largest tract of remainingold-growth forestin Pennsylvania atTionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areasand 10 mi (16 km) of theNorth Country Trail.[7][8]:255–263
Taiga forest in the Boreal Forest Region in Quebec
Mt. Saint Elias from Icy Bay
Memorial to the 14th (Light) Division at Hill 60 (Ypres) in Belgium.
Churchill tanks of 6th Guards Tank Brigade and troops of the 10th Highland Light Infantry, 15th (Scottish) Division, during the assault on Tilburg, Holland, 28 October 1944
German 14th Infantry Division14. Infanterie-DivisionGerman 14th Motorized Infantry Division14. Infanterie-Division (mot.).
10th Mountain Division (Light) 1989 (click to enlarge)
Red Eagles (4th Indian Infantry Division) depart from Thessaloniki, 2 February 1946.
Georgian 23rd Light Infantry Battalion (joined by a few US Marines) on joint military exercise, 2005
The 4th Indian Division in Tunisia. It was to an officer of this Division that General Von Arnim surrendered.
The 10th Indian Division in Italy, 22 July 1944.
14th Division. Fortifications of Peleliu Island constructed by the 14th Division
14th Infantry Division Isonzo. 14th Infantry Division Isonzo Insignia
5th Indian Infantry Division. Ball of Fire insignia of the 5th Indian Infantry Division.
43rd (Wessex) Division passing through Xanten, 11 March 1945.
10th Mountain Division. The 10th Mountain Division'sshoulder sleeve insignia
10th Indian Infantry Division. Insignia of the 10th Indian Infantry Division, World War II.
Map showing the 14th Division movements
Western Command. Western Command's insignia today
The campus of the Naval Engineering College (PNEC) in Karachi in Pakistan.
The American Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Gary Roughead, inspecting Pakistan Navy sailors at the Navy NHQ in Islamabad in 2009.
The senior military leadership of the Navy meeting with the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Gary Roughead at the Navy NHQ in Islamabad.
The passing out (graduation) of cadets from the Pakistan Naval Academy in Karachi in 2008. The education and boot camp training last for two years before cadets becomes sailors.[130]
Pakistan's Ghazi was the only long range submarine operated by either of the warring nations in 1965. The sinking of PNS Ghazi played a point of turning role in Indian Naval operations in East Pakistan[citation needed]
Naval ships from 17 nations Indian Ocean Naval Symposium participated in Milan exercise 2014
Aircraft carrier INS Vikrant during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The ship played a crucial role in enforcing the naval blockade on East Pakistan and ensuring India's victory during the war.
Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Noman Bashir meets with Pakistani Naval Academy students while visiting the U.S. Naval Academy.
The Gearing-class PNS Taimur (former USS Epperson) was acquired from the United States in 1977. She was sunk as a target in during a naval exercise in 2000.[65]
Map of Karachi, indicting Karachi Deep Sea port and Masroor Air Force Base (Click to enlarge).
PNS Alamgir (former USS McInerney), being handed over to Pakistan Navy on 31 August 2010 at the Naval Station Mayport in Florida.
The Nishan-i-Haidar: As of 2019[update], the Navy has yet to achieved this feat since no naval officer is posthumously honoured with the Nishan-e-Haider.[156]
The Navy Special Service Group's VBSS Team boarded on the CRRC boat under the command of Lt. Uzair Khalid preparing to board on the rigid-hulled boat during the drill took place in Sea of Oman in 2005.
The constellation Ursa Major as it can be seen by the unaided eye.
Sodium fluoride is sold in tablets for cavity prevention
Expantrol proprietary sodium silicate suspended in about a 6.5-mm-thick layer of red rubber, type 3M FS195, inserted into a metal pipe, then heated, to demonstrate hard char intumescence, strong enough to shut a melting plastic pipe
Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium.
Friedrich Wöhler was one of the men who independently isolated beryllium
Structure of sodium chloride, showing octahedral coordination around Na+ and Cl− centres. This framework disintegrates when dissolved in water and reassembles when the water evaporates.
Unit cell of sodium hexafluoridosilicate
Indo-European languages worldwide by country  Official or primary language  Secondary official language  Recognized  Significant  No use
Paleo-Balkan languages between the 5th and 1st century BC. The Venetic language is generally considered to be Italic.[23]
Romance languages in the World. Countries and sub-national entities where one or more Romance languages are spoken. Dark colours: First language, Light colours: Official or Co-Official language; Very Light colours: Spoken by a significant minority as first or second language. Blue: French; Green: Spanish; Orange: Portuguese; Yellow: Italian; Red: Romanian.
Diachronic distribution of Celtic language speakers:    core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BCE   maximal Celtic expansion, by 275 BCE   Lusitanian and Vettonian area of Iberian Peninsula where Celtic presence is uncertain, Para-Celtic?   the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period   areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today
Chart classifying Indo-Iranian languages within the Indo-European language family
Linguasphere. Official languageFormer official languagePresence of Italian-speaking communities
The Codex Zographensis is one of the oldest manuscripts in the Old Bulgarian language, dated from the late 10th or early 11th century
Ancient Celtic languages of the Iberian Peninsula shown in pale yellow. Lusitanian (an Indo-European language with possible Celtic affiliation or an Indo-European Pre-Celtic language) is shown in light pink, Tartessian (an unclassified language with hypothetical Celtic affiliation) is shown in pale green.
District officer Tony Hughes recording a whisper vote during the 1962 Malaita council election. The board behind him lists the candidates' names.
Boeing 757-200 of Berkut Air operated by the Government of Kazakhstan
Special Detachment ofPublic SecurityMilitsiya "Berkut"(Ukrainian:Cпеціальний підрозділ міліції громадської безпеки «Беркут»)(Russian:Подразделение милиции особого назначения «Беркут»). Former emblem of the Berkut (1992–2014)
Berkut 360.
Berkut 360
Berkut 360 takeoff
Berkut officers in 2007.
Berkut Suit
Berkut.
Berkut officers stand guard during a football match.
Berkut emblem (Russia). Berkut emblem (Russia)
Wright Stagger EZ, a three-seat modification of the Rutan LongEZ.
Berkut officers in riot gear forming a defensive line by the building of the Cabinet of Ministers in Kyiv during the 2013 Euromaidan protests.
A composite construction Cirrus VK-30, one of the largest homebuilt aircraft of its time.
Canada's first homebuilt aircraft, Stitts SA-3A Playboy CF-RAD, first flown in 1955, seen in the Canada Aviation and Space Museum.
Quad City Challenger – a mid-engined pusher ultralight aircraft
The Questair Venture set new standards for speed in kit-built aircraft design
Mycteroperca.
The Piute Wash outfall down bajada/alluvial fan, after junction with Sacramento Wash; the downslope descends to the west side of the south-flowing Colorado River.
The prairie rattlesnake is well adapted to Black Mesa's dry environment.
The "Surface Tension" chapter as it appears in Half-LifeThe same scene in a development version of Black Mesa
Sacramento Wash. Topock MarshOutfall region of the Sacramento Wash
Sacramento Wash (California). Sacramento Wash (California) in southeastCaliforniaw/Nevada
Black Mesa.
Black Mesa. Black Mesa, highest point in Oklahoma
Black Mesa, west of Chilchinbito, Arizona.
Papilio polyxenes, the state butterfly of Oklahoma, is found on Black Mesa.
Comparison of the Anomalous Materials lobby room in Half-Life (top) and Black Mesa (bottom)
Geography. Black MesaColorado/New Mexico/Oklahoma,U.S.Show map of OklahomaBlack MesaBlack Mesa (the United States)Show map of the United States
Satellite image of northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico, including the Four Corners Monument (FC). Some higher elevations have a dust of snow. Labeled natural features are the Chuska Mountains (CM), the Carrizo Mountains (C), Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park (MV), Black Mesa (B), Canyon de Chelly National Monument (CdC), and the Defiance Uplift-(Plateau) (D). Labeled towns are Farmington, New Mexico (F), Gallup, New Mexico (G), Window Rock, Arizona (WR), and Kayenta, Arizona (K).
State Route 389 in Mohave County
Mohave County. Mohave County Courthouse in Kingman
A spatula may be used as a pan scraper
Electrum, a natural alloy of silver and gold, was often used for making coins.
Dough scraper
Card scraper in use
Leveling cello arching with card scraper
The action of the scraper against the workpiece.
Process of sharpening: Rough edgeEdge squared by filing or grindingOptional first pass with the burnisherRubbing the burnisher at a slight angle against the scraper to turn the burr
Scraper - Aurignacian - Muséum of Toulouse
Three different engineering hand scrapers
Wood's metal, a eutectic, low melting point alloy of bismuth, lead, tin, and cadmium. Individual grains are seen as the flat surfaces of the crystals.
Three crystals of sodium tungsten bronze, showing its lustre and colouration.
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi ("the Prophet's mosque") in Medina, Saudi Arabia, with the Green Dome built over Muhammad's tomb in the center
Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith taught in the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan in Cairo, Egypt
The Muslim profession of faith, the Shahadah, illustrates the Muslim conception of the role of Muhammad: "There is no god except the God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God." in Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Turkey
A rock carved with the text of "al-'Aqida al-Murshida" (the Guiding Creed) by Ibn Tumart (d. 524/1130) — the student of al-Ghazali (d. 505/ 1111) and the founder of the Almohad dynasty — praised and approved by Fakhr al-Din Ibn 'Asakir (d. 620/1223), located at al-Salah Islamic secondary school in Baalbek, Lebanon.
The tomb of Muhammad is located in the quarters of his third wife, Aisha. (Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina)
The last verse from An-Najm: "So prostrate to Allah and worship." Muhammad's message of monotheism challenged the traditional order
The Al-Hakim Mosque Cairo, Egypt; south of Bab Al-Futuh  "Islamic Cairo" building was named after Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, built by Fatimid vizier Gawhar Al-Siqilli, and extended by Badr al-Jamali.
The dome of the Grand Mosque in Constanța, Romania, topped by the Islamic crescent
The Highlands village in the Western New Guinea
The raggiana bird-of-paradise is native to New Guinea.
The continent of Sahul before the rising ocean sundered Australia and New Guinea after the last ice age.
New Guinea Highlands. Topographic map of New Guinea. The New Guinea Highlands are the large mountain chain crossing almost the entire island
New Guinea from 1884 to 1919. The Netherlands controlled the western half of New Guinea, Germany the north-eastern part, and Britain the south-eastern part.
The gular scutes or gular projectionGular projection on a Texas tortoise.The paired gular scutes of this Aldabra giant tortoise are visible beneath its neck.
New Guinea located in relation to Melanesia
Political divisions of New Guinea
Coral reefs in Papua New Guinea
New Guinea Highlands. Landscape in the New Guinea Highlands
A 1644 map of New Guinea and the surrounding area
A Japanese military map of New Guinea from 1943.
Map of New Guinea, with place names as used in English in the 1940s
Male eastern lowland gorilla
Mountain gorilla and eastern lowland gorilla
The eastern lowland gorilla is the largest living primate.
Skeleton and stuffed of Eastern lowland gorilla at MHNLille
An Eastern lowland gorilla in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park
Eastern lowland gorillaTemporal range:Pleistoceneto recent.
Western lowland gorilla.
A young western lowland gorilla at the Smithsonian Zoo in the Washington DC
Eastern lowland gorilla in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Female western lowland gorilla with newborn baby, at Durrell Wildlife Park
Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei)
Distribution. Western lowland gorilla(Gorilla gorilla gorilla)95,000[2]Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.
Eastern gorilla[1]Temporal range:Pleistoceneto recent.
Silverback gorilla
A stained glass window of Thomas Aquinas in St. Joseph's Catholic Church (Central City, Kentucky)
Triumph of St Thomas Aquinas, "Doctor Communis", between Plato and Aristotle, Benozzo Gozzoli,1471. Louvre, Paris
17th-century sculpture of Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, 1650
Thomas Aquinas from Valle Romita Polyptych by Gentile da Fabriano
Triumph of St. Thomas Aquinas, "Doctor Angelicus", with saints and angels, Andrea di Bonaiuto, 1366. Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, fresco
St. Thomas Aquinas and the Pope
Saint Thomas Aquinas by Luis Muñoz Lafuente
The remains of Thomas Aquinas are buried in the Church of the Jacobins in Toulouse.
The endangered Hispaniolan solenodon, endemic to the island
Having lost their homes, many Haitians now live in precarious camps
Native name:Île de la Gonâve. 1994 view of La Gonâve fromNASASTS-60
1818 Map of Gonâve Island.
Replication of barley stripe mosaic virus in the chloroplast of the plant cell
A handful of malted barley, the white sprouts visible
A jar of berlingots a type of pyramidal (tetrahedral) boiled sweet traditional to the cuisine of Nantes. The barley sugar sweets of the Religieuses de Moret were often made in the same shape.
Barley flour is prepared from dried and ground barley (pictured)
Barley sugar sweets
Barley sugar travel sweets
The cross-section of a barley root
Traditional floor malting of barley in Scotland
Two-row and six-row barley
Porch with "barley sugar" columns, on the lodge at the gates of Hall Barn
Seven mid-20th-century malt barley varieties studied at Canterbury Agricultural College
Genetic analysis on the spread of barley from 9,000 to 2,000 BCE[27]
Uncooked pearl barley with U.S. one cent coin for size comparison
Malted barley flour is sometimes used to enhance the flavor of the malt loaf (pictured).
An account of barley rations issued monthly to adults (30 or 40 pints) and children (20 pints) written in cuneiform on clay tablet, written in year 4 of King Urukagina (circa 2350 BCE), from Girsu, Iraq, British Museum, London
Filipina singer Morissette Amon is known as the "Asia's Phoenix" and "The Next Big Diva".
Sioux Falls. Falls of the Big Sioux River and the Sioux Falls skyline
Central Philippine University which was founded as legacy institution of the American titan, John D. Rockefeller, is the first Baptist and second American founded university in the Philippines and in Asia. CPU has been ranked as one of the top universities in Asia and in the world for 2021 by Quacquarelli Symonds, one of the big two world university ranking agencies along with Times Higher Education, the first to do so in Western Visayas region.[188] (Aerial view above is the main campus of CPU)
Share of population using the Internet.[85] See or edit source data.
This NeXT Computer was used by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first Web server.
GE Digital CEO William Ruh speaking about GE's attempts to gain a foothold in the market for IoT services at the first IEEE Computer Society TechIgnite conference
A southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) is a vector that transmits the pathogens that cause West Nile fever and avian malaria among others.
Close-up asbestosis right lower zone ILO 2/2 S/S
Lateral chest X-ray in asbestosis shows plaquing of the diaphragm.
Micrograph of asbestosis showing the characteristic ferruginous bodies and marked interstitial fibrosis (or scarring). H&E stain.
Various health and safety warning campaigns have sought to reduce workplace hazards, such as this one about ladder safety.
Several chemical compounds, such as GDNF (chemical structure pictured) have been proposed as neuroprotectors in PD, but their effectiveness has not been proven.
This painting depicts a woman examining her work on a lathe at a factory in Britain during World War II. Her eyes are not protected. Today, such practice would not be permitted in most industrialized countries that adhere to occupational health and safety standards for workers. In many countries, however, such standards are still either weak or nonexistent.
A bong with a circular carburation port in the front of the bowl
Protohistoric Catlinite pipe bowl, probably Ioway, from the Wanampito site.
Two well-used tobacco pipes with different sized bowls.  A narrow bowl permits low-temperature operation and more nutrient vapor reception.