JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Sigsbee Sounding Machine – invented by Charles Dwight Sigsbee and modified from Thomson Sounding Machine. Basic design of ocean sounding instruments stayed the same for the next 50 years. Here the sounding machine is used to set a Pillsbury current meter at a known depth. In: The Gulf Stream, by John Elliott Pillsbury, 1891. Note caption on photo: "Sounding Machine And Current Meter In Place, Steamer Blake"
Surveyor-General of India George Everest (b.1790-d.1866) under whom GTS was completed and Mount Everest was named in his honour.
Scheme of the optic tract with image being decomposed on the way, up to simple cortical cells (simplified).
British Army Training Unit Suffield. A member of the Royal Engineers guides aWarrior armoured vehicleover a No. 12 bridge.
Departure Level of Terminal 3, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport
Administrative divisions of China. DongchengXicheng1.ShijingshanChaoyangHaidianFengtai1MentougouFangshanTongzhouShunyiChangpingDaxingPingguHuairouYanqingMiyun
Chongqing Art Museum
Chongqing Xiao mian with peas and spicy bean paste
The Great Hall of the People serves as the venue for major political conferences in Chongqing
Planes from the Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor
Hasekura Tsunenaga, the samurai who led a Japanese expedition to see the Pope and was converted to Roman Catholicism.
Japanese infantry employing fusillade tactics using Tanegashima matchlocks
A typical Japanese grave
A map of the Japanese advance from 1937 to 1942
Japanese invasions of Korea. The Japanese landing atBusan
Korean and Chinese soldiers assault the Japanese-built fortress at Ulsan
Maasai people and huts with enkang barrier in foreground - eastern Serengeti, 2006
A typical November scene in the Dutch town Middelburg, Netherlands
Baganda people in their cultural outfits. men put on Kanzu, and ladies Ggomeesi
To the ruins of Sao Salvador (now in Angola), a Kongo girl's call to end wars, attracted numerous Kongo people in the early 1700s.[40]
Peaceful demonstration in Karat town
A waga (grave marker) near the town of Konso
Dutch people celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands at the end of World War II on 7 May 1945
People of Dutch ancestry outside the Netherlands
Ancient Carthaginian funerary art: sarcophagus of a priest, showing a bearded man with his hand raised. Louvre, Paris
Carthaginian silver shekel depicting a man wearing a laurel wreath on the obverse, and a man riding a war elephant on the reverse (c. 239–209 BC)
A Carthaginian naval ram recovered from the site of the battle showing damage in the form of V-shaped scratches, attributed to frontal collision(s) with a Roman ship – ram against ram.[95]
Former Carthaginian port
A Carthaginian coin possibly depicting Hannibal as Hercules
A recreation of a Carthaginian military unit
Carthaginian Military. Military of Carthage
Carthaginian hoplite (Sacred Band, end of the 4th century BC)
Carthaginian coins showing the wreathed head of Tanit (c. 310–290 BC)
The mutiny on the Bounty was one of the most famous instances of mutiny which took place at sea.
A family of African forest elephants in the Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve wetlands, Central African Republic
African forest elephant.
African forest elephants in a waterhole
Cicada sound-producing organs and musculature:a, Body of male from below, showing cover-plates;b, From above, showing drumlike tymbals;c, Section, muscles that vibrate tymbals;d, A tymbal at rest;e, Thrown into vibration, as when singing
The day-flying cicada Huechys sanguinea warns off predators with its aposematic red and black coloration. (Southeast Asia)
Megleno-Romanian settlements in Greece and North Macedonia in a 1925 map
Romanian leu.
A close shot of some keys with Romanian characters on the keyboard of a laptop
Dutch Thaler, depicting a lion, the origin of the Romanian "Leu"
Linguasphere. Blue: region where Romanian is the dominant language. Green: areas with a notable minority of Romanian speakers.
Macedonia's division in 1913
Monasteries of the Mount Athos in Macedonia (Greece)
Borders of Macedonia, based on the Roman province, according to different authors (1843–1927)
Distribution of Aromanians in North Macedonia:  Areas where Aromanians are an officially recognised minority group   Areas where Aromanians are concentrated   Areas where Megleno-Romanians are concentrated
Early Roman Macedonia (illustrated here encompassing Paeonia & south Illyria) and environs, from Droysens Historical Atlas, 1886
Map of Part of Macedonia (Carte d'une partie de la Macedoine) by Piere Lapie (1826).[45]
Distribution of ethnic groups in Macedonia in 1892 (Deutsche Rundschau für Geographie und Statistik – German Bevieiofor Geography and Statistics)
The late Roman Diocese of Macedonia, including the provinces of Macedonia Prima, Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris (periodically abolished), Thessalia, Epirus vetus, Epirus nova, Achaea, and Crete.
The maximum range of modern geographical region of Macedonia shown in blue (not generally accepted). The region is divided by the national boundaries of Greece (Greek Macedonia), the Republic of North Macedonia, Bulgaria (Blagoevgrad Province), Albania (Mala Prespa and Golo Brdo), Serbia (Prohor Pčinjski), and Kosovo (Gora).
Big-headed mole rat.
Silvery mole-rat.
African brush-tailed porcupine
King African mole-rat.
Skull of a silvery mole-rat
African leopard
Wainwright (middle) flanked by teammates Matt Adams (left) and Matt Carpenter (right) after hitting a three-run home run in 2016
Wainwrights andWainwright Outlying Fells. Holme Fellin theLake District National Parkis the 2nd lowest Wainwright at 317 metres (1,040.0 ft).
Loudon Wainwright III.
Plaque in Wainwright's Yard, Kendal
Wainwright's pitching motion, 2016
College of the Siskiyous, Weed, California
Plaque to Alfred Wainwright in Buttermere parish church
Adam Wainwright. Wainwright with the St. Louis Cardinals in 2012
Mt. Shasta Brewing Company in Weed, California
Martha Wainwright. Wainwright performing at theCambridge Folk Festival, 2008
Weed, California. Weed, CaliforniaLocation in the contiguous United States
Weed, California. Entrance to Weed in 2004, withMount Shastain the background.
Lemurian Lager brewed by the Mt. Shasta Brewing Company in Weed, California
Innominate Tarn on Haystacks, Wainwright's favourite fell, where his ashes were scattered.
Loudon Wainwright at BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in 2015, at which he and Yusuf Islam/Cat Stevens both received a 'lifetime achievement award'.[1]
Pillar Rock in the Lake District National Park is the only Birkett where use of ropes is advised.[74][75]
Scar Crags. The northern slopes of Scar Crags from Stonycroft Gill.
Book One of the Pictorial Guide
One of Weed's main streets
The Maryland Toleration Act secured religious liberty in the English colony of Maryland. Similar laws were passed in the Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. These laws stood in direct contrast with the Puritan theocratic rule in the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies.[25]
Dutch painting of a Buddhist religious festival in Ceylon, c. 1672
The Bogd Khan was simultaneously the religious and secular head of state until the 1920s.
Sanghamitta, carrying a sapling of the Bodhi Tree, the tree under which the Buddha attained awakening.
Practitioners of Falun Dafa perform spiritual exercises in Guangzhou, China.
Main Hall of Hsi Lai, a Chinese-American temple in Los Angeles County, California. Completed in 1988, it is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the Western Hemisphere.
The first use of the term "Catholic Church" (literally meaning "universal church") was by the church father Saint Ignatius of Antioch in his Letter to the Smyrnaeans (circa 100 AD).[29]
A small gompa (religious building) in Ladakh
Burmese Buddhist devotees converge on a Bodhi tree in preparation for watering.
According to the account, King Abgar received the Image of Edessa, a likeness of Jesus.
The surrender of the Image of Edessa to the Byzantine parakoimomenos Theophanes by the Edessenes, from the Madrid Skylitzes.
Ancient mosaic from Edessa (2nd century CE) with inscriptions in the Aramaic language
The Manoppello Image.
Secondo Pia's 1898 negative of the image on the Shroud of Turin. Image from Musée de l'Élysée, Lausanne.
The Vatican Veil of Veronica
The image in its setting in the Pontifical Sanctuary of the Holy Stairs, Rome.
The Veil of Veronica, painting by Domenico Fetti (c. 1620).
Manoppello Image
Veronica holding her veil, Hans Memling, c. 1470
The sentence from the study which shows that it is not the verb in the relative clause, but the verb in the main clause that raises to the head C°.[24]
Antonio de Nebrija, author of Gramática de la lengua castellana, the first grammar of a modern European language.[27]
The national and regional standard varieties of German.[62]
Noam Chomsky is usually associated with the term universal grammar in the 20th and 21st centuries
The Indigenous languages of Mexico that have more than 100,000 speakers
Map and tree of Slavic languages, according to Kassian and A. Dybo
Hindustani, in its standardised registers, is one of the official languages of both India (Hindi) and Pakistan (Urdu).
A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.
The Suebic Kingdom of Gallaecia, 6th century
The Suebic kingdom of Gallaecia (green), c. 550, (with borders of the former Roman provinces of Hispania)
Roman Gallaecia under Diocletian's reorganization, 293 AD
The Lombard Kingdom with its three main areas: Neustria, Austria and Tuscia
Suebi Germanic with nodus found in Apt, France
Gold coin (411–450 AD) from the Kingdom of the Suebi in the Iberian peninsula
Suebi ceramics. Lobdengau-Museum, Ladenburg, Germany
In 1030, the Kingdom of Navarre controlled the Count of Aragon and the Count of Castile, who later became major kingdoms of its time.
Kingdom of the Gepids. Gepid kingdom in Europe following the end of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD
Elaborate votive crown of king Recceswinth, part of the Treasure of Guarrazar. Spain
Kingdom of the SuebiRegnum Suevorum. Greatest extent of the Suebian Kingdomc.455 AD
Political map of southwestern Europe around the year 600, which referred to three different areas under Visigothic government – Hispania, Gallaecia, and Septimania
Sweden in the 12th century before the incorporation of Finland during the 13th century[citation needed]   Geats   Swedes    Gutes
August Strindberg, one of the most influential writers in modern Swedish literature.
A sign on the wall of a Swedish hotel, using both the recommended[18] dem and the colloquial dom for the word "them" on the same sign.
Isogloss for the pronunciation of "R" (c. 1960), being alveolar north of the boundary and uvular ("French R") south of it. It follows that the R+S combination is pronounced as spelled south of the boundary, while pronounced [ʂ] (similar to "sh" in "shark") north of it. This isogloss is the most imperative of all Swedish pronunciation differences.
Nick Holmes is the vocalist of the pioneering Paradise Lost. The group is known to have influenced many subsequent bands in the genre.[68]
Gothic metal. The Swedish gothic metal band Tiamat at the Rockharz Open Air 2014 in Ballenstedt/Germany
Medieval illuminated manuscript of the Bibliotheca historica, Latinized by Poggio Bracciolini (Malatestiana Library, ms. S.XXII.1).
The Bibliotheca's history was completed sometime between 36 and 30 BC, during the period of the Second Triumvirate and Octavian's victory over Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
Bagadates I (Minted 290–280 BC), the first indigenous satrap to be appointed by the Seleucid Empire[11][12]
Coinage of Phokaia, Ionia, circa 478-387 BC. Possible portrait of Satrap Tissaphernes, with satrapal headress, but since these coins have no markings, attribution remains uncertain.
Coin of "Western Satrap" Nahapana, circa 120 CE
Satrap Tissaphernes invited the Greek generals to a feast, then had them arrested and executed.
Tissaphernes was Satrap of Lydia, including Ionia, under the Achaemenid Empire.
Coinage of Tiribazos, Satrap of Achaemenid Lydia, 388-380 BC
Achaemenid Satrap Autophradates receiving visitors, on the Tomb of Payava, circa 380 BC
Banquet scene of a Satrap, on the "Sarcophagus of the Satrap", Sidon, 4th century BC
Coin of Themistocles, a former Athenian general, as Achaemenid Empire Satrap of Magnesia, circa 465-459 BC
The Herakleia head, probable portrait of an Achaemenid Empire Satrap of Asia Minor, end of 6th century BCE, probably under Darius I[1]
Hemiargus ceraunus.
Lycaena ottomanus.
Lycaena salustius illustrated by Des Helmore
Lycaena.
Lycaena editha.
Lycaena gorgon.
Lycaena dorcas.
Lycaena boldenarum.
Lycaena feredayi.
Lycaena rauparaha.
Lycaena salustius.
Lycaena tityrus.
Lycaena candens.
Lycaena helle.
Lycaena thersamon.
Lycaena boldenarum, boulder copper
Milun Trivunac, State Secretary of the Ministry of Economy of Serbia (sitting left),Richard Grenell, Special US Presidential Envoy for Serbia and Kosovo Peace Negotiations (standing right),Eset Berisha, Director of the Civil Aviation Authority of Kosovo (sitting right)
Ivica Dačić, Prime Minister of Serbia (left), and  Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (right), with Catherine Ashton (middle) in Munich, 2014.
Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (left), and Ivica Dačić, Prime Minister of Serbia (right), with Michael Spindelegger (middle) in Vienna, 2013.
Aleksandar Vučić, President of Serbia (left), Donald Trump, President of the United States (middle), and Avdullah Hoti, Prime Minister of Kosovo (right), signing the agreement in the White House, 2020.
Hydrographic map of Albania: Shkumbin is shown in the center of the map.
Graffiti in the North Macedonia reading "Death for Shiptars" (Macedonian: Смрт за Шиптари, romanized: Smrt za Šiptari)
Gheg woman from North Albania
The lahuta is used mostly by Gheg Albanians of northern Albania and Kosovo.
Division of Kosovo vilayet between the Kingdom of Serbia (yellow) and the Kingdom of Montenegro (green) following the Balkan Wars 1913.
Shkumbin. Shkumbin Gorge betweenLibrazhdandElbasan
Map of the major Albanian tribal regions in northern Albania, Kosovo and Montenegro.
People celebrating Kosovo's declaration of independence in Lausanne, Switzerland, with their car holding the Swiss, Albanian, and American flags
Assisted by the governments of Kosovo and Albania, an official application for the inclusion of the Arbëreshë people in the list of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage is being prepared.[162]
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and territories of Serb breakaway states (Republika Srpska and Republika Srpska Krajina) during the Yugoslav wars
Great Serbian Retreat in 1915; Serbia lost about 850,000 people during the war, a quarter of its pre-war population. The Serbian army is passing through mountainous areas during the great Serbian retreat.[78]
Former president Sali Berisha, a Gheg from northern Albania.[89]
Lord Byron dressed in the traditional Albanian costume traditionally consisting of the Fustanella and a Dollama decorated with filigree, 1813.
Tosks in their traditional costumes
San people in Botswana start a fire by hand.
The historical settlement of the Arbanasi people is presently a neighborhood of Zadar in Croatia.[192]
The social group enables its members to benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis. Both individual and social (common) goals can thus be distinguished and considered. Ant (formicidae) social ethology.
Bukë, kripë e zemër is a traditional welcoming custom traced back to medieval Albanian law.[241] The Albanian code of honour, called Besa, resulted to look after guests as an act of hospitality.[242]
The historic neighbourhood of Arnavutköy (Albanian village) in Istanbul was established in the 15th century as the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror brought Albanians to the city.[220] Today, the Albanian people of Istanbul maintains a distinct Albanian identity and culture.[56]
Ramiz Sadiku and Boro Vukmirović, People's Heroes of Yugoslavia and symbol of Serbian-Albanian friendship[32]
Proportion of respondents to the Ireland census 2011 or the Northern Ireland census 2011 who stated they were Catholic. Areas in which Catholics are in the majority are blue. Areas in which Catholics are in a minority are red.
Gubbeen cheese, an example of the resurgence in Irish cheese making
Statue of Simon the Zealot by Hermann Schievelbein at the roof of the Helsinki Cathedral.
Roman-era ballista (reconstructed at Gamla)
Roman denarius depicting Titus, circa 79. The reverse commemorates his triumph in the Judaean wars, representing a Jewish captive kneeling in front of a trophy of arms.
Roman milestone mentioning the destruction of highways during the revolt
Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem by Francesco Hayez depicts the destruction of the Second Temple by Roman soldiers. Oil on canvas, 1867.
Catapulta, by Edward Poynter (1868). Siege engines such as this were employed by the Roman army during the siege.
An ancient Roman coin. The inscription reads IVDEA CAPTA. The coins inscribed Ivdaea Capta (Judea Captured) were issued throughout the Empire to demonstrate the futility of possible future rebellions. Judea was represented by a crying woman.
A quarter shekel of Carthage, perhaps minted in Spain. The obverse may depict Hannibal under the traits of young Melqart. The reverse features one of his famous war elephants.[94]
Faceted blue apatite, Brazil
An apatite mine in Siilinjärvi, Finland.
Apatite group.
The Reichsadlerhumpen, a glass with the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, and the arms of the various territories on its wings, was a popular showpiece of enamelled glass in the German lands from the 16th century on. Dated 1743, this is a late example
Ref. Bulachi, Shengus, Stak Nala, and Tormiq NalaAquamarine, topaz, tourmaline, apatite, sphene, morganite, and quartzImage shows deep purple apatite from Shengus.[3]
Ref. GilgitandShigarAquamarine, topaz, emerald, ruby, pollucite, rutile quartz, morganite, apatite, spinel, and pargasiteGolden and white topaz are found in the region. The image shows rare pink apatite with albite from Nagar Valley.[3]
Thin section of apatite-rich carbonatite in cross polarised transmitted light.
Thin section of apatite-rich glimmerite in cross polarised transmitted light.
Enamel hypoplasia.
Enamel organ. Enamel organ
Glimmerite. Scanned image of thin section from Siilinjärvi apatite ore in cross polarised transmitted light.
"Arachnida" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
Paintings of Araneus angulatus from Svenska Spindlar of 1757, the first major work on spider taxonomy
Eye configuration of a Hogna species
The lower jaws of Megamastax (F,G) compared to other Silurian jawed fish
Battle of Plataea.
Crossing the Hellespont by Xerxes with his huge army
The Serpent Column, a monument dedicated by the victorious Allies
A Persian soldier of the Achaemenid army. Detail of the tomb of Xerxes I at Naqsh-e Rostam, circa 480 BC.
Achaemenid troops at the Battle of Plataea: Greek allies, Sacae, Indians, Bactrians, Medes and Persians, under General Mardonius.
Rendition of the Xerxes Canal (seen from north), built over 3 years from 483 BC across the Mount Athos peninsula. It is now filled-up.Preparations of the army of Xerxes, with quarters in Sardis in 481–480 BC, and crossing of the Hellespont at Abydos.
A few Athenians resisted in the Acropolis of Athens, which was stormed and burned down by the Achaemenid Army of Xerxes.
The main battle at Plataea. The Greek retreat becomes disorganised, and the Persians cross the Asopus to attack.
The monumental Sogdian wall murals of Panjakent (modern Tajikistan), showing cavalry and horse riders, dated c. 740 AD
All of the highest peaks in the Soviet Union were located inside Central Asia. That attracted a lot of mountaineers into the area.
The TadAZ aluminium smelting plant, in Tursunzoda, is the largest aluminium manufacturing plant in Central Asia, and Tajikistan's chief industrial asset.
KhwarezmFerghanaZhetysuDzun-gariaTarim_Basin Historical regions of Central Asia
on a map of Kazakhstan
Shown within AfghanistanShow map of AfghanistanHadda, Afghanistan (Gandhara)Show map of GandharaHadda, Afghanistan (South Asia)Show map of South Asia
Central Asia in the 1st century BC
Modern-day sketch work of Mahmud Hotaki
The Ethnic and linguistic patchwork of Soviet Central Asia
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible Eurasian boundaries for the region
A map showing the major trade routes of Central Asia in the 13th century.
The migrations of the Yuezhi through Central Asia, from around 176 BC to AD 30
Ancient kingdoms and cities of India during the time of the Buddha (circa 500 BCE) - modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan
Islam Karimov, the first President of Uzbekistan, during a visit to the Pentagon in 2002
Islam Karimov (President, Uzbekistan) in the Pentagon, March 2002
Gautama Buddha in Greco-Buddhist style, 1st–2nd century CE, Gandhara (Peshawar basin, modern day Pakistan).
The Great Colonnade at Apamea
Colonnade street, detail, Apamea in 2002
Houses and shops along the Colonnade street, Apamea in 2002
View of Apamea ruins
Contoured map of Apamea
Museum, view of the courtyard, Apamea in 2002
The fight of Eumenes of Cardia against Neoptolemus, Battle of the Hellespont (321 BC), Wars of the Diadochi. 1878 engraving.
The Successor kingdoms before the battle of Ipsus, 303 BC.
Alexander before the Battle of Issus, the best representation of his likeness
Location of the Battle of MagnesiaShow map of West and Central Asia
Battle of Magnesia. Illustration of a bronze plaque from Pergamon, likely depicting the Battle of Magnesia
Casualties and losses. Location of the Battle of MagnesiaShow map of West and Central AsiaBattle of Magnesia (Turkey)Show map of Turkey
An ethnic Isan woman walking her water buffalo to pasture. Isan people are primarily engaged in wet-rice agriculture, despite arid conditions and a flat topography that makes it prone to flooding during heavy monsoons.
Group of Lao people and monks at a religious ceremony in Sydney
King Sisowath greeting French officials in 1911.
Local Lao soldiers in the French Colonial guard, c.1900
The Dzuarikau–Tskhinvali pipeline, delivering natural gas from Russia to South Ossetia, went online in 2009.
Republic of South Ossetia – the State of AlaniaРеспубликӕ Хуссар Ирыстон / Паддзахад Аллонстон(Ossetian)Rêšpublika Xuššâr Irešton / Pâddzâxâd Âllonštonცხინვალის რეგიონი(Georgian)Tskhinvalis regioniРеспублика Южная Осетия / Государство Алания(Russian)Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya / Gosudarstvo Alaniya. South Ossetia (green), with Georgia proper and Abkhazia (light grey).
Vovnushki tower complex, belonging to the Ingush clan Ozdoy
Map of Caucasus 1676, Dzurdzukia located north-east «Zuirie».
Map of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast in 1922
South Ossetia on 9 May 2018
Russian Presidential Decree No. 1261 recognising South Ossetian independence.
Topographic map of South Ossetia (Polish transcription)Map of Georgia highlighting South Ossetia (purple) and Abkhazia (green)
Fragment of the historical map by J. H. Colton. The map depicts the Caucasus region in 1856. Modern South Ossetia is located in Georgia and Imeria. Modern North Ossetia approximately corresponds to "Ossia".
Four Tushetians, 1901
Map of Vakhushti Bagrationi clearly shows three Ingush societies: Kisti (Kist), Tsurtsuki (Dzurdzuki), Ghligvi (Gligvi) as parts of one country and Chechens (Chachans) as part of Daghestan without common border with the Ingush
Nakh traditional feasting carpet, Istanga
Château Mukhrani, one of the centers of Georgia's viticulture in the 19th century, has recently been restored to produce its eponymous wine.
Map of Georgia highlighting the disputed territories of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region (South Ossetia), both of which are outside the control of the central government of Georgia
Population pyramids of the Caucasian countriesPopulation pyramid of Armenia, 2016Population pyramid of Georgia, 2016Population pyramid of Azerbaijan, 2016
ბაცბი. A late nineteenth-century photograph of a Batsbur wedding in the village of Zemo Alvani (eastern Georgia). The identity of the photographer is unknown, as is the date and the names of those depicted.