JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Siege of Carthage. CatapultabyEdward Poynter. Roman siege engine in action during the siege of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
Battle of Bibracte. Julius CaesarandDivicoparley after the battle at the Saône. Historic painting of the 19th century byKarl Jauslin
Battle of Cartagena. Although the battle took place on the coast of the provinceCarthaginensis(green), it was not in the provincial capital Cartagena itself, but 40 nautical miles away in Portus Ilicitanus (Santa Pola)
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. CenotaphofMarcus Caelius, 1stcenturionofXVIII, who "fell in the war of Varus" ('bello Variano').Reconstructed inscription: "To Marcus Caelius, son of Titus, of the Lemonian district, from Bologna, first centurion of the eighteenth legion.53+1⁄2years old. He fell in the Varian War. Hisfreedman's bones may be interred here. Publius Caelius, son of Titus, of the Lemonian district, his brother, erected (this monument)."[1]
Comments. Mirian IIIმირიან III284 – 361The 22nd king of theKingdom of Iberia. Husband of Aspacures I's daughter. The 1st Georgian king who adopted Christianity and introduced it as a state religion during his reign. Co-ruled with his sonRev II of Iberia(345–361).
Comments. Vakhtang I Gorgasaliვახტანგ I გორგასალი447 – 522The 32nd king of theKingdom of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat V.
The ancient Mediterranean in 50 BC at the end of Caesar's Gallic Wars, with the territory of Rome in yellow.
Notes. Ashot I (II)the Immature[6](აშოტ კუხი)?Son ofGurgen I896-918918Principality of TaoUnknownthree childrenUncle and nephew, probably ruled jointly. After the death of his nephew, Ashot continued his rule alone.
Notes. Simon Ithe Great(სიმონ I დიდი)1537Son ofLuarsab IandTamar of Imereti1556-15691578-15991611Constantinopleaged 73/74Kingdom of KartliNestan-Darejan of Kakhetione childHis first tenure was marked by war against the Persian domination of Georgia. In 1569 he was captured by the Persians, and spent nine years in captivity. In 1578 he was released and reinstalled in Kartli. During this period (i.e. his second tenure), he fought as a Persian subject against the Ottoman domination of Georgia. In 1599 Simon I was captured by the Ottomans and died in captivity.
Notes. George XII(გიორგი XII)10 November 1746TelaviSon ofHeraclius IIandAnna Abashidze1798-180028 December 1800Tbilisiaged 54Kingdom of Kakheti and KartliKetevan Andronikashvili1766twelve childrenMariam Tsitsishvili13 July 1783eleven childrenHis brief reign in the closing years of the 18th century was marked by significant political instability, which implied the near certainty of a civil strife and a Persian invasion. Weakened by poor health and overwhelmed by problems in his realm, George renewed a request of protection from Tsar Paul I of Russia. After his death, Imperial Russia took advantage of the moment and moved to annex the Georgian kingdoms, while sending the remnants of the Georgian royal family into forced exile in Russia.
Notes. George IVthe Resplendent(გიორგი IV ლაშა)c.1191Son ofDavid Soslanand QueenTamar1213–122318 January 1223Bagavanaged 31–32Kingdom of GeorgiaUnmarriedCo-ruler with his mother since 1207, continued her policy, but, at the end of his reign was defeated by aMongol expedition.
Second Punic War. The western Mediterranean in 218 BC
The approximate extent of territory controlled by Rome and Carthage immediately before the start of the First Punic War.
Western Old World in 200 BC, showing borders of the Numidian kingdoms after the Second Punic War.
Ruins of the Punic Quarter, Carthage, in 2005
A generic representation of the location and result of some battles of the second Punic war. Not to exact scale, accuracy limited by the availability of primary source data.
First Servile War. Maximum territory controlled by the slaves
Vandalic War. Campaign map of the war
Depiction of the Gothic War.
Roman statuette of a war elephant recovered from Herculaneum
Roger I conqueror and first count of Sicily, depicted on a Trifollaris
A fragment of the Fasti Triumphales, listing all of the Roman triumphators of the war.
Marcus Atilius Regulus. Regulus Returning to Carthage(1791)byAndries Cornelis Lens
Marcus Atilius Regulus Departs for Carthage, by Michel Ghislain Stapleaux (1832).
A Roman marble bust of Marcus Tullius Cicero, Musei Capitolini, Rome
Territory controlled by Rome and Carthage at the start of the First Punic War
The Roman Forum, the political, economic, cultural, and religious center of the city during the Republic and later Empire
The Roman Forum, the commercial, cultural, religious, and political center of the city and the Republic which housed the various offices and meeting places of the government
The Augustus of Prima Porta, 1st century AD, depicting Augustus, the first Roman emperor
A statue of Eunus at Enna, Sicily
The Temple of Hercules Victor, Rome, built in the mid 2nd century BC, most likely by Lucius Mummius Achaicus, who won the Achaean War
Macedonia, Greece and Asia at the outbreak of the Second Macedonian War, 200 BC
Denarius of Caesar, minted just before his murder, in 44 BC. It was the first Roman coin bearing the portrait of a living person. The lituus and culullus depicted behind his head refer to his augurate and pontificate. The reverse with Venus alludes to his claimed descent from the goddess.[287]
Capture of Erivan fortress by Russian troops under leadership of Ivan Paskevich in 1827 during the Russo-Persian War
Aule Meteli (The Orator).
Londinium.
Reconstruction drawing of Londinium c. 120 AD
A Roman mosaic floor from Londinium (British Museum)
The Rose (mislabelled as "The Globe") in the Visscher panorama
Pewsey statue, 1913
Painter with painted statue and framed painting, Pompeii
Photo of Boudica statue, 31 January 2013
The Blacas Cameo of Augustus, from his last years or soon after
The statue was carefully lowered down a ramp in 1939 when it was removed from the Louvre and Paris for safekeeping.
Statue of Augustus, c. 30 BC–20 BC; this statue is located in the Louvre
Dying Gaul statue (1st century BC), Capitoline Museums, Rome
The thermopolium (eatery) of Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD.
1855 Bronze statue of Boadicea (Boudica) and her daughters at Captains Walk, Brecon. Statue by John Thomas of England.
Statue of Alfred the Great at Wantage, Oxfordshire
Valluvar (Statue at SOAS, University of London).
Oblique view of Hypatia from Apollo 16
Scene from G. Stuart Ogilvie's Hypatia at the Haymarket Theatre
Hypatia at the feet of Philammon. Drawn by Lee Woodward Zeigler, 1899
Moltke crater in the center, with Rimae Hypatia behind it (Apollo 10 photo)
Miriam Solomon, president of Hypatia Inc.'s board of directors 2016–2018.[5]
Hypatia is known to have constructed plane astrolabes,[145] such as the one shown above, which dates to the eleventh century.
Hypatia's associate editors posted an unauthorized apology for the publication of one of itspeer-reviewedarticles.[1]
Symbrenthia hypatia.
Blessed Severinus Boethius.
Boethius imprisoned, from a 1385 manuscript of the Consolation.
Lady Philosophy and Boethius from the Consolation, (Ghent, 1485)
The Tomb of Boethius in San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia.
Gravestone of Boethius, 6th century, Pavia, Musei Civici.
Narius Manilas Boethius, the father of Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius.
Alec Newman as Paul Atreides in the Dune miniseries (2000)
Alia Atreides. Alicia Wittin the filmDune(1984)
Paul Atreides. Kyle MacLachlanas Paul inDune(1984)
Ghanima Atreides. Jessica Brooksas Ghanima Atreides in theChildren of Duneminiseries(2003)
Gaius Julius Caesar, the dictator
A book from Sir Julius Caesar's travelling library, now in the British Library
Gaius Julius Caesar. Fantasy portrait of Caesar in thePromptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
Sestertius bearing the likenesses of the emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, better known as Caligula, and his sisters.
Gaius Julius Caesar. TheTusculum portrait, possibly the only surviving sculpture of Caesar made during his lifetime. Archaeological Museum,Turin,Italy.
Temple of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar Capaccio
Julius Caesar Chappelle.
Production shot from Julius Caesar
Gaius Marius, Caesar's uncle
The Via Aemilia crossing Bologna.
Punic district of Carthage
Aetolian War. Map of Aetolia
Benito Mussolini inspecting troops during the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935
Allied troops in Vladivostok, August 1918, during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
Numantine War
War elephants during the Battle of Gaugamela.
First Battle of Philippi
History of theCold War.
Map showing Constantinople and its walls during the Byzantine era
Aerial view of Byzantine Constantinople and the Propontis (Sea of Marmara).
Page depicting Constantinople in the Nuremberg Chronicle published in 1493, forty years after the city's fall to the Muslims.
After 1204, the Byzantine Empire was partitioned between various successor states, with the Latin Empire in control of Constantinople
The Barberini ivory, a late Leonid/Justinian Byzantine ivory leaf from an imperial diptych, from an imperial workshop in Constantinople in the first half of the sixth century (Louvre Museum)
Many refugee Byzantine scholars fled to North Italy in the 1400s. Here John Argyropoulos (1415–1487), born in Constantinople and who ended his days in north Italy.
One of the most famous of the surviving Byzantine mosaics of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople – the image of Christ Pantocrator on the walls of the upper southern gallery, Christ being flanked by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist; circa 1261
Painting of the Fall of Constantinople, by Theophilos Hatzimihail
Byzantine army.
Walls of Constantinople. Walls of Constantinople
Byzantine culture
Restored Walls of Constantinople
Constantinople apple quinces
Constantinople's monumental center.
Philip II of Macedon - Roman medallion depicting the Macedonian king.
Philip II of Macedon – a Macedonian silver tetradrachm coin minted during his reign
Philip II. Bust of Philip II of Macedon from theHellenistic period;Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
A Roman era sculpture of Philip II of Macedon, 350-400 AD, Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier
The ruins of the Philippeion at Olympia, Greece, which was built by Philip II of Macedon to celebrate his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC[107]
Sculpted portrait of Philip II of Macedon, a Roman era copy of a Hellenistic Greek original from the 4th-3rd century BC, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
The golden larnax that was buried with Philip II of Macedon in his tomb at Vergina (Aigai), featuring the Vergina Sun design, the royal symbol of the Argead dynasty.
A gold half stater of Philip II of Macedon minted at Pella, with the head of young Heracles wearing the Nemean Lion's skin on the obverse and on the reverse the lion's forepart
The Vergina Sun, the 16-ray star covering the royal burial larnax of Philip II of Macedon (r. 359–336 BC), discovered in the tomb of Vergina, formerly ancient Aigai
Assassination of Philip of Macedon. 19th century illustration.
Denarius of Decimus Brutus minted in 48 BC. The obverse legend reads "Aulus Postumius consul", but it is unknown which one is depicted here (there were six consuls of that name). The reverse with the wreath of wheat-ears might refer to a supply of wheat ordered by this man.[4]
This denarius minted by Decimus Brutus in 48 BC, recalls his military service in Gaul, as the obverse features the head of Mars (the Roman god of War), and the reverse shows Gallic carnyces and shields.[4]
Denarius of Decimus Brutus, minted in 48 BC. The obverse depicts Pietas, while the reverse shows clasped hands around a caduceus, alluding to Julius Caesar's policy of reconciliation during the Civil War (Decimus still supported Caesar at this time).[4]
Reenactment of Decimus Junius Brutus crossing the "Lethes" (Limia River today).
The Orator, c. 100 BC, an Etrusco-Roman bronze sculpture depicting Aule Metele (Latin: Aulus Metellus), an Etruscan man of Roman senatorial rank, engaging in rhetoric. He wears senatorial shoes, and a toga praetexta of "skimpy" (exigua) Republican type.[6] The statue features an inscription in the Etruscan alphabet
The Palazzo Senatorio, originally built to house the revived Senate during the Roman Commune period.
Decimus BurtonFRSFRSAFSAFRIBA. Decimus Burton bySir Thomas Lawrence
A Roman bust most likely depicting Sulla, a first-century AD copy of an original from 80–50 BC, Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
The Roman Empire under the Tetrarchy, with the territory of Constantius (yellow), Maximian (green), Galerius (pink), and Diocletian (purple)
The so-called "bust of Marius" in the Munich Glyptothek, identified by Filippo Coarelli as that of Asiaticus, originally located on the facade  of the Tomb of the Scipiones.[1][2]
The so-called "Togatus Barberini", a statue depicting a Roman senator holding the imagines (effigies) of deceased ancestors in his hands; marble, late 1st century BC; head (not belonging): mid 1st century BC.
Geography. Mount LykaionLocation of Mount Lykaion in Greece
Mount Lykaion. A view from the summit of Mt. Lykaion, looking E toward the stoa and hippodrome.
Mount Ida. Şahinderesi Canyon an Mount Ida
View of the Mount Ida
Mount Ida National Park
Mount Ida. View of Psiloritis mountains from west
"Cave of Zeus", Mount Ida, Crete
Mount Heng. Mount Heng
Mount Akhun. Mount Akhun
Mount Kailash. Mount Kailash from the south
Mount Sinai. The summit of Mount Sinai
Mount Kyllini. Mount Kyllini as seen fromStymfalia
Jupiter and Juno on Mount Ida by James Barry, 1773 (City Art Galleries, Sheffield.)
Mount Lykaion
The north face of Mount Kailash, a mountain in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China which is considered sacred by four religions.
Several ethnic groups that live around Mount Kenya believe the mountain to be sacred. They used to build their houses facing the mountain, with the doors on the side nearest to it.
Mount Kalatungan is the home of a sacred Igmale’ng’en forest regarded highly by the people of the area, especially the Talaandig.[37]
A bust of Zeus.
Mount Olympus.
Map with the approximate location of pre-Roman Belgic Gaul shortly before Roman conquest, according to an interpretation of Caesar
Bust of Julius Caesar, posthumous portrait in marble, 44–30 BC, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican Museums
Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar, painting by Lionel Royer. Musée Crozatier, Le Puy-en-Velay, France.
Tanaquil. Tanaquildied c. 575 BCTanaquil came from a powerfulEtruscanfamily and was Queen of Rome through her marriage toLucius Tarquinius Priscus, Rome's fifth King.
Tarquinius Superbus makes himself King; from The Comic History of Rome by Gilbert Abbott à Beckett (c. 1850s)
Tarquinius and Lucretia (1610), by Rubens (Hermitage Museum)
Overthrow of L. Tarquinius Superbus. A 16th-century painting bySandro Botticelli, depicting the rape of Lucretia and the subsequent uprising.
The Servian Wall takes its name from king Servius Tullius and are the first true walls of Rome
A map of Rome in 753 BC. Colours show topography, with green lowlands and brown highlands. The Latin names of hills are included in all caps.
Bust of Augustus in Musei Capitolini, Rome
Rome chamber of commerce in the ancient Temple of Hadrian
Chrysippus of Soli. Roman copy of a Hellenistic bust ofChrysippus (British Museum)
Cleromancy in ancient Greece. Chrysippus accepted divination as part of the causal chain of fate.
Bust of Chrysippus, Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Final moments in the life of Chrysippus. Engraving from 1606.
A partial marble bust of Chrysippus that is a Roman copy of a Hellenistic original (Louvre Museum).
D. c. chrysippus mating in Hyderabad, India
Plain tiger (Danaus chrysippus) caterpillar on a milkweed (Calotropis) species in Hyderabad, India
The khalkeus (John Dory) was one of the many fish named by Aristotle.
School of Aristotle in Mieza, Macedonia, Greece
The School of Athens by Raphael, 1509–1511, depicts Plato and Aristotle (center) exchanging their knowledge with other ancient philosophers.
Paintings of Ancient Macedonian soldiers, arms, and armaments, from the tomb of Agios Athanasios, Thessaloniki in Greece, 4th century BC
Prometheus creates man: Clotho and Lachesis besides Poseidon (with his trident), and presumably Atropos besides Artemis (with the moon crescent) are seen, Roman sarcophagus (Louvre).
Late second-century Greek mosaic from the House of Theseus (at Paphos Archaeological Park, Cyprus), showing the three Moirai: Klotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, standing behind Peleus and Thetis, the parents of Achilles
Statue in Druid Ridge Cemetery, near Baltimore, Maryland, that represents the Greek fate Clotho
Theretra clotho.
Within the Tent of Brutus: Enter the Ghost of Caesar, Julius Caesar, Act IV, Scene III, Edwin Austin Abbey (1905)
Brutus at the Capitoline Museum
Brutus.
Brutus Beefcake. Beefcake in 2010
The Brutus Stone in Totnes
Orson Welles as Brutus in the Mercury Theatre's Caesar (1937–38)
Marble bust, so-called Brutus, at the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme in the National Museum of Rome
Henry Fuseli, The Death of Brutus, a charcoal drawing with white chalk (c.1785)
A denarius of Marcus Junius Brutus issued after the assassination of Julius Caesar, Servilia's son and lover, respectively.
A late 19th-century painting of Act IV, Scene iii: Brutus sees Caesar's ghost.
Brutus by Michelangelo The sculpture gives Brutus an heroic aspect in keeping with political sentiment against tyranny at the time of its creation.
Denarius of Brutus also minted during his term depicting the personification of liberty and Lucius Junius Brutus with lictors.[32]
John Wilkes Booth (left), Edwin Booth and Junius Brutus Booth Jr. in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar in 1864.
Coin of Kushan ruler Kujula Kadphises, in the style of Roman emperor Augustus. British Museum. AE dichalkon, Chach, c. first half of 1st. Century, Weight:3.26 gm., Diam:18 mm. Caption: obverse in Greek KOZOΛA KAΔAΦEΣ XOPANOY ZAOOY; reverse in Kharoshti.
Head of Augustus as pontifex maximus, Roman artwork of the late Augustan period, last decade of the 1st century BC
The Arch of Augustus in Rimini (Ariminum), dedicated to Augustus by the Roman Senate in 27 BC, the oldest surviving Roman triumphal arch
The Meroë Head of Augustus, bronze Roman portraiture bust from Meroë, Kingdom of Kush (Nubia, modern Sudan), 27–25 BC
The Virgin Mary and Child, the prophetess Sibyl Tivoli bottom left and the Emperor Augustus in the bottom right, from the Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry. The likeness of Augustus is that of the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos[224]
Ancient Greek polychromatic pottery painting (dating to c. 300 BC) of Achilles during the Trojan War
Trojan War. Achillestending the woundedPatroclus(Attic red-figure kylix, c. 500 BC)
Kratos' initial appearance in God of War III, and as he appeared throughout most of God of War II, wielding the Blades of Athena, with the Golden Fleece on his right arm. With the exception of a few details, such as the Golden Fleece and abdominal scar, this is largely Kratos' appearance throughout the Greek era of the series.
Description. Apollo(Ἀπόλλων,Apóllōn)God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, manly beauty, and archery. He is the son ofZeusandLeto, and the twin brother ofArtemis. Both Apollo and Artemis use a bow and arrow. Apollo is depicted as young, beardless, handsome and athletic. In myth, he can be cruel and destructive, and his love affairs are rarely happy. He is often accompanied by the Muses. His most famous temple is inDelphi, where he established his oracular shrine. His signs and symbols include thelaurel wreath, bow and arrow, andlyre. His sacred animals includeroe deer, swans, and pythons. Some late Roman and Greek poetry and mythography identifies him as a sun-god, equivalent to RomanSoland GreekHelios.[2]
Trojan War.
In Search of the Trojan War. Region 1 DVD cover
Jamie Hector. Self-portrait photograph of Jamie Hector
The Grief and Recriminations of Andromache over the Body of Hector Her Husband (1783) by Jacques-Louis David
Hector Admonishes Paris for His Softness and Exhorts Him to Go to War by J. H. W. Tischbein (1751–1828)
Hector's last visit with his wife, Andromache, and infant son Astyanax, startled by his father's helmet (Apulian red-figure vase, 370–360 BC)
Coin from Troy, 177–192 AD; Obverse: Bust of Commodus; Reverse: Hector, brandishing shield and spear, on a two-horse chariot; ΕΚΤΩΡ (Hektor) inscribed above, ΙΛΙΕΩΝ (Ilion, "Troy") in exergue
Description. Hera(Ἥρα,Hḗra)Queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires. She is the wife and sister ofZeus, and the daughter ofCronusandRhea. She was usually depicted as a regal woman in the prime of her life, wearing a diadem and veil and holding a lotus-tipped staff. Although she is the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many infidelities drive her to jealousy and vengefulness. Her sacred animals include the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Her Roman counterpart isJuno.
Description. Aphrodite(Ἀφροδίτη,Aphroditē)Goddess of beauty, love, desire, and pleasure. InHesiod'sTheogony(188–206), she was born from sea-foam and the severed genitals ofUranus; inHomer'sIliad(5.370–417), she is daughter ofZeusandDione. She was married toHephaestus, but bore him no children. She had many lovers, most notablyAres, to whom she boreHarmonia,Phobos, andDeimos. She was also a lover toAdonisandAnchises, to whom she boreAeneas. She is usually depicted as a naked or semi-nude beautiful woman. Her symbols includemyrtle, roses, and thescallopshell. Her sacred animals include doves and sparrows. Her Roman counterpart isVenus.[1]
Sleep and His Half-Brother Death.
The Trojan Women. An engraving of the death ofAstyanax
Ajax battling Hector, engraving by John Flaxman, 1795
Trojan horse as depicted in the Vergilius Vaticanus (c. 400)
The Trojan horse that appeared in the 2004 film Troy, now on display in Çanakkale, Turkey.
Detail from The Procession of the Trojan Horse in Troy by Domenico Tiepolo (1773), inspired by Virgil's Aeneid
Willow Hale (Hecuba) and Sterling Wolfe (Talthybius) in The Trojan Women, directed by Brad Mays at the ARK Theatre Company in Los Angeles, 2003
Description. Hermes(Ἑρμῆς,Hērmês)God of boundaries, travel, trade, communication, language, writing, cunning and thieves. Hermes was also responsible for protecting livestock and presided over the spheres associated with fertility, music, luck, and deception.[9]The son ofZeusandMaia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and apsychopompwho leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand orcaduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals include the tortoise. His Roman counterpart isMercury.
Description. Ares(Ἄρης,Árēs)God of courage, war, bloodshed, and violence. The son ofZeusandHera, he was depicted as a beardless youth, either nude with a helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior.Homerportrays him as moody and unreliable, and as being the most unpopular god on earth and Olympus (Iliad5.890–1). He generally represents the chaos of war in contrast toAthena, a goddess of military strategy and skill. Ares is known for cuckolding his brotherHephaestus, conducting an affair with his wifeAphrodite. His sacred animals include vultures, venomous snakes, dogs, and boars. His Roman counterpartMarsby contrast was regarded as the dignified ancestor of the Roman people.[3]
The Roman Empire at its territorial greatest extent in 117 AD, the time of Trajan's death (with its vassals in pink)
The Roman Forum are the remains of those buildings that during most of Ancient Rome's time represented the political, legal, religious and economic centre of the city and the neuralgic centre of all the Roman civilisation.[41]
The Holy Roman Empire during the 16th century
Religion in the Holy Roman Empire on the eve of the Thirty Years' War
Habsburg dominions personally united with Holy Roman Empire at Charles V.
Brazilian independence crippled the Portuguese Empire, both economically and politically, for a long time.
Diana of Versailles, a 2nd-century Roman version in the Greek tradition of iconography (Louvre Museum, Paris).
Amnon and Tamar, children of the biblical King David, were half-siblings yet Amnon raped Tamar[54]  (unknown European artist, oil on canvas, c. 1650–1700, High Museum of Art)