JUNJIE99/VISTA_Evaluation huggingface dataset:
Information. AshgabatTurkmenistan1,032,000(2014)The capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat is a relatively young city, growing out of a village of the same name established byRussiansin 1818. It is not far from the site ofNisa, the ancient capital of theParthians, and it grew on the ruins of theSilk Roadcity of Konjikala, which was first mentioned as a wine-producing village in the 2nd century BCE and was leveled by an earthquake in the 1st century BCE (a precursor of the1948 Ashgabat earthquake). Konjikala was rebuilt because of its advantageous location on the Silk Road, and it flourished until its destruction by Mongols in the 13th century CE. After that, it survived as a small village until the Russians took over in the 19th century.[78][79]
Protest against U.S. recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel. Tehran, 11 December 2017.
Information. SamarkandUzbekistan596,300(2008)The second largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital ofSamarqand Region. The city is most noted for its central position on theSilk RoadbetweenChinaand the West, and for being an Islamic center for scholarly study. It was here that the rulerUlugh Beg(1394–1449) built a gigantic astronomical observatory.[80]
U.S. Census Bureau Regional Office Boundaries
Nazareth, which is a mixed ancient city of Muslims and Christians, is the largest Arab city in Israel.[129]
Iranian-speaking people circa 170 BC. Eastern Iranian languages are in orange, Western Iranian languages are in red.
Ankara Bilkent City Hospital is located in Ankara. Opened in 2019, it is the biggest in the country having a total of 3,704 hospital beds.
The Sphinx Gate in Hattusa (Hittite: 𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 Ḫattuša), capital of the Hittite Empire. The city's history dates back to the 6th millennium BC.[33]
Umm al-Fahm is the third largest Arab city in Israel.
Dizin, Iran's largest ski resort, is located near Tehran.
Vietnamese lotus tea.
Saharawi tea ceremony.
Women tea pickers in Kenya
A cup of milk tea in Kolkata
Glass of Earl Grey tea
Mug of Earl Grey tea
Iced tea as served with Indonesian food
An olive branch
A dove with an olive branch, Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome
Olive production by country in the Mediterranean basin. Each circle symbolizes 100,000 tons of olive production.
An engraving from The London Magazine, January 1775, showing the Goddess of Peace bringing an olive branch to America and Britannia.
Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I by Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder, painted between 1580 and 1585, and showing her with an olive branch in her right hand.
Wall painting from the early Christian Catacombs of Marcellinus and Peter in Rome, showing Noah, in the orante attitude of prayer, the dove and an olive branch
Distribution of olive trees over the Mediterranean Basin.[103]
Archeptolis wearing an olive wreath, circa 459 BC.
Forecasting olive crop production based on aerobiological method[118]
Owl standing on amphora, all surrounded by a wreath of olive leaves. Greek silver tetradrachm from Athens, c. 200–150 BC.
Phenological development of olive flowering, following BBCH standard scale. a-50, b-51, c-54, d-57, (<15% open flowers); f-65, (>15% open flowers); g-67, (<15% open flowers); h-68.[106]
Historic downtown Olive Branch
Olive Branch, Mississippi. Olive Branch Water Tower
Protest in London against Operation Olive Branch, 31 March 2018
Signature page of the Olive Branch Petition, with John Hancock's prominent signature at the top
Map of Oceania with country codes.
Map of countries classified according to the ICAO airport code prefix. Any correspondence between subnational regions and second letter also indicated. Micronations not labeled individually.
The Roman Stane or Stone Street runs through Surrey
The entrance to UCAS in 2008; it has around 37,000 courses at 370 institutions; it is in the north of Cheltenham, near the racecourse in Prestbury at the A435/B4075 junction
The Royal Albert Hall  is a concert hall on the northern edge of South Kensington, London. Since the hall's opening by Queen Victoria in 1871, the world's leading artists from many performance genres have appeared on its stage.The Beatles are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in popular music.[366]
Hounslow West. Beaversfield Park in Hounslow West
Shredded Wheat factory at Staverton north of Trowbridge
Export House in Woking, one of Surrey's tallest buildings
Ashford Park – part of fields and Football court
St Hilda's Church of England parish church
Gompertz distribution fitted to maximum monthly 1-day rainfalls [11]
A hand-drawn graph of the absolute value of the complex gamma function, from Tables of Higher Functions by Jahnke and Emde [de].
Illustration of the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence for two gamma PDFs. Here β = β0 + 1 which are set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The typical asymmetry for the KL divergence is clearly visible.
3-dimensional plot of the absolute value of the complex gamma function
Jeffreys prior probability for the beta distribution: the square root of the determinant of Fisher's information matrix: 






det
(


I


(
α
,
β
)
)


=



ψ

1


(
α
)

ψ

1


(
β
)
−
(

ψ

1


(
α
)
+

ψ

1


(
β
)
)

ψ

1


(
α
+
β
)





{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt {\det({\mathcal {I}}(\alpha ,\beta ))}}={\sqrt {\psi _{1}(\alpha )\psi _{1}(\beta )-(\psi _{1}(\alpha )+\psi _{1}(\beta ))\psi _{1}(\alpha +\beta )}}}

 is a function of the trigamma function ψ1 of shape parameters α, β
Left: Classification of seven multivariate normal classes. Coloured ellipses are 1 sd error ellipses. Black marks the boundaries between the classification regions. 




p

e




{\displaystyle p_{e}}

 is the probability of total classification error. Right: the error matrix. 




p

i
j




{\displaystyle p_{ij}}

 is the probability of classifying a sample from normal 



i


{\displaystyle i}

 as 



j


{\displaystyle j}

. These are computed by the numerical method of ray-tracing [15] (Matlab code).
Current form of the periodic table. As of 2021[update], there are 118 known elements
Dalton (1806): listing the known elements by atomic weight
Periodic table trends (arrows show an increase)
The periodic table in 32-column format
Nefedov et al.'s suggested form (fragment, 8-column short form for the heavy elements)
Photographic recording of the characteristic X-ray emission lines of elements with atomic number between 20 and 29. (From works of Henry Moseley).
Glenn T. Seaborg, in 1945, suggested a new periodic table showing the actinides as belonging to a second f-block series.
Julius Lothar Meyer's periodic table, published in "Die modernen Theorien der Chemie" (1864)[101]
Disposable sanitary napkinThe elements of a tampon with applicator. Left: the bigger tube ("penetrator"). Center: cotton tampon with attached string. Right: the narrower tube.
The variation of Pauling electronegativity (y-axis) as one descends the main groups of the periodic table from the second to the sixth period
Mendeleev's 1871 periodic table in VIII columns. Nowadays, roughly spoken, pairs of Reihen are shown as grouplabels A, B (for example: Reihen 4, 5 are written as period 3 and groups (columns) IA–VIIIA, IB–VIIIB).
18-crown-6 coordinating a potassium ionStructure of 2.2.2-Cryptand encapsulating a potassium cation (purple). At crystalline state, obtained with an X-ray diffraction.[136]
VHF ground plane antenna, a type of monopole antenna used at high frequencies. The three conductors projecting downward are the ground plane
A Winegard 68 element VHF/UHF aerial antenna. This common multi-band antenna type uses a UHF Yagi at the front and a VHF log-periodic at the back coupled together.
A large parabolic satellite communications antenna at Erdfunkstelle Raisting, the biggest facility for satellite communication in the world, in Raisting, Bavaria, Germany. It has a Cassegrain type feed.
Wire grid-type parabolic antenna used for MMDS data link at a frequency of 2.5-2.7 GHz. It is fed by a vertical dipole under the small aluminum reflector on the boom.  It radiates vertically polarized microwaves.
Pyramidal microwave horn antenna, with a bandwidth of 0.8 to 18 GHz.  A coaxial cable feedline attaches to the connector visible at top.  This type is called a ridged horn; the curving fins visible inside the mouth of the horn increase the antenna's bandwidth.
A butterfly antenna
ALLISS antenna as viewed underneath
Discone antenna dimensions
A shortwave loop antenna
A Yagi–Uda television antenna
Half-wave dipole antenna
A short antenna pole next to a house.
A 2.4 GHz patch antenna
Log-periodic antenna, 400–4000 MHz
Dipole antenna used by the radar altimeter in an airplane
An antenna at bottom has bigger mechanical downtilt
Large planar array antenna of a VHF Russian mobile air defense radar, the Nebo-M. It consists of 175 folded dipole antennas.  An early phased array, the antenna radiated a vertical fan-shaped beam which could be swept horizontally across the airspace in front of the antenna.
(left & center) Collinear folded dipole arrays. Often used as base station antenna for dispatcher for police, fire, ambulance, and taxi services. (right) Directional antenna consisting of 4 collinear Yagi beam antennas.
An axial-mode turnstile antenna for 136-137 MHz to receive data from weather satellites, consisting of a pair of driven crossed dipoles above a pair passive crossed dipoles serving as a reflector.High gain axial mode Yagi turnstile array used to communicate with weather satellites on 136-137 MHz at Redu, Belgium.  Each of the 6 components of the array consists of two 9-element Yagi antennas mounted on the same axis at right angles and fed in quadrature to radiate a narrow beam of circularly polarized radio waves
Ferdinand Braun's 1905 directional antenna which used the phased array principle, consisting of 3 monopole antennas in an equilateral triangle. A quarter-wave delay in the feedline of one antenna caused the array to radiate in a beam. The delay could be switched manually into any of the 3 feeds, rotating the antenna beam by 120°.
Curtain array at international shortwave broadcasting station, Moosbrunn, Austria. It consists of 4 columns of horizontal wire dipoles, suspended in front of a wire screen. The vertical parallel wire feedlines to each column of dipoles are visible. The entire antenna is mounted on a rotating truss structure, allowing it to be pointed in different directions.
A common type of array antenna, a reflective array UHF television antenna.  This example consists of eight dipole driven elements mounted in front of a wire screen reflector. The X-shaped dipoles give it a wide bandwidth to cover both the VHF (174–216 MHz) and UHF (470–700 MHz) TV bands. It has a gain of 5 dB VHF and 12 dB UHF and an 18 dB front-to-back ratio.
Collinear dipole array on repeater for radio station JOHG-FM on Mt. Shibisan, Kagoshima, Japan
Cis isomer, dipole moment 1.90 DTrans isomer, dipole moment zero
Wire log periodic transmitting antenna at international shortwave broadcasting station, Moosbrunn, Austria. Covers 6.1–23 MHzDiagram of a zig-zag shortwave LPA antenna, black shows metallic conductors, red shows insulating supports
(left) First turnstile antenna, a normal-mode array built by station W8XH, Buffalo, NY, in 1936 that broadcast on 41 MHz (center) Normal-mode turnstile (lower antenna) on the Empire State Building in New York City for NBC's  experimental 46.5 MHz TV station W2XBS in 1939.  The cigar-shaped elements gave the antenna a wider bandwidth of 30 MHz necessary for TV transmission. (right) Specialized type of normal mode turnstile antenna used for television broadcasting, called a superturnstile or batwing antenna
Some of the 2,677 crossed-dipole elements in the phased array antenna
Real (black) and imaginary (blue) parts of the dipole feedpoint impedance versus total length in wavelengths, assuming a conductor diameter of 0.001 wavelengths
Cage dipole antennas in the Ukrainian UTR-2 radio telescope. The 8 m by 1.8 m diameter galvanized steel wire dipoles have a bandwidth of 8–33 MHz.
Length reduction factor for a half-wave dipole to achieve electrical resonance (purely resistive feedpoint impedance). Calculated using the Induced EMF method, an approximation that breaks down at larger conductor diameters (dashed portion of graph).
Two delidded Zen 2 processors designed with the multi-chip module approach. The CPU on the left (top on mobile) (used for mainstream Ryzen CPUs) uses a smaller, less capable I/O die and up to two CCDs (only one is used on this particular example), while the one on the right (bottom, used for high-end desktop, HEDT, Ryzen Threadripper and server Epyc CPUs) uses a larger, more capable I/O die and up to eight CCDs.
Original JPEG fileCorrupted JPEG file, with a single bit flipped (turned from 0 to 1, or vice versa)While there is visible corruption on the second file, one can still make out what the original image might have looked like.
Intel Core 2 Duo, an example of an x86-compatible, 64-bit multicore processor
A typical register file -- "triple-ported", able to read from 2 registers and write to 1 register simultaneously -- is made of bit cells like this one.
AMD Opteron, the first CPU to introduce the x86-64 extensions in 2003
An IntelCore 2 Duo E7500"Wolfdale-3M"
Virtual segments of 80286
A highly schematic diagram over a generic Power ISA processor.
Actor Reg Varney using the world's first cash machine in Enfield Town, north London on 27 June 1967
A Dell OptiPlex desktop computer
Personal computers worldwide in million distinguished by developed and developing world
An ATM running Microsoft Windows that has crashed due to a peripheral component failure
2007 map showing submarine optical fiber telecommunication cables around the world.
Commodore PET in 1983 (at the American Museum of Science and Energy), an early example of a personal computer
The 8-bit PMD 85 personal computer produced in 1985–1990 by the Tesla company in the former socialist Czechoslovakia
Bronze plate for printing an advertisement for the Liu family needle shop at Jinan, Song dynasty China. It is the world's earliest identified printed advertising medium.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang dynasty China, the world's earliest dated printed book, AD 868 (British Library)
Relative masses of the terrestrial planets of the Solar System, and the Moon (shown here as Luna)
The terrestrial planets of the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, sized to scale
Distance and angle conformal map of the nearest stars and (sub-) brown dwarfs within 12 light years of the Solar System (Sol).
Planets, most of the moons, and some asteroids of the Solar System. Sizes are in logarithmic scale.
Logarithmic depiction of the Solar System's location
Size comparison of the Sun and the planets (clickable)
The inner planets (sizes to scale). From left to right: Earth, Mars, Venus and Mercury.
Known objects in the Kuiper belt   Sun  Jupiter trojans  Giant planets  Kuiper belt  Scattered disc  Neptune trojans
The Art of Memory.
The Art of Memory II.
The Persistence of Memory.
Decks of playing cards at the World Memory Championships
The Gala-Salvador Foundation representation of the Persistence of Memory by D'Argenta.
Illustration of toroidal coordinates, which are obtained by rotating a two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system about the axis separating its two foci.  The foci are located at a distance 1 from the vertical z-axis.  The portion of the red sphere that lies above the $xy$-plane is the σ = 30° isosurface, the blue torus is the τ = 0.5 isosurface, and the yellow half-plane is the φ = 60° isosurface.  The green half-plane marks the x-z plane, from which φ is measured.  The black point is located at the intersection of the red, blue and yellow isosurfaces, at Cartesian coordinates roughly (0.996, −1.725, 1.911).
Discrete coordinate system in a circular disc given by log-polar coordinates (n = 25)
Discrete coordinate system in a circular disc that can easily be expressed in log-polar coordinates (n = 25)
Medium close-up view, captured with a 70 mm camera, shows tethered satellite system deployment.
(a) A circuit diagram of a bare tether segment with (b) an equivalent EDT system circuit model showing the series bias grounded gate configuration.
The output pattern of an industrial loudspeaker shown using spherical polar plots taken at six frequencies
Lode. Lode Mill
Signpost in Lode
Wicken Lode
Barway Bridge crossing Soham Lode on a section that is still deep enough to navigate
The lock at the junction between Swaffham Bulbeck Lode and the River Cam
Cambridgeshire Lodes. The pumping station and flood gates at the end of Bottisham Lode
'Cockup Bridge' over Burwell Lode near Wicken Fen, in December 2013. There are plans to replace this lifting bridge with a fixed bridge.
The top 11 flags of convenience in 2009, accounting for almost 55% of the entire world fleet[32]
Various types of modern cash registers.
County flags flying in Parliament Square, London
Hippocampus. Humans have two hippocampi, one in each hemisphere of the brain. They are located in themedial temporal lobesof thecerebrum. In this lateral view of the human brain, the frontal lobe is at the left, the occipital lobe at the right, and the temporal and parietal lobes have largely been removed to reveal one of the hippocampi underneath.
Information flow from the eyes (top), crossing at the optic chiasma, joining left and right eye information in the optic tract, and layering left and right visual stimuli in the lateral geniculate nucleus. V1 in red at bottom of image. (1543 image from Andreas Vesalius' Fabrica)
Visual system. Theeyeis the sensory organ of the visual system.
Brain slice showing areas CA1 and CA3 in the hippocampus
Close up of the human eye, the main organ of visual sensation.
Diagram of signal processing in the auditory system.
Anatomical components of the limbic system
Design of an experiment in which brain activity from a monkey was used to control a robotic arm.[115]
Image 2: Cross-section of cerebral hemisphere showing structure and location of hippocampus
Fruit flies (Drosophila) have been extensively studied to gain insight into the role of genes in brain development.
Limbic system. The limbic system largely consists of what was previously known as thelimbic lobe.
Operation of a Chinese pinyin-based IME
The Microsoft pinyin 2003 shuangpin scheme.
Single storey a in four different Kai script fonts. Notice that accented pinyin letters are different in style and width with the regular letter.
Many writers are not yet aware of the rules for dividing text into words by spaces, and either put a space after each syllable, or run all words together. The manufacturer of this image's blankets put unnecessary spaces into the city name, 'Bishikaike' (which is the correct pinyin for 比什凯克, 'Bishkek') on the bottom line, but wrote the English text in the arc on top with no spaces at all.
An example of themes, motifs and symbols from the Divine Comedy (ca. 1304–1321) in a World Heritage Site, Quinta da Regaleira, immersed in Templar, Rosicrucian and Masonic tradition.[1]
An example of a Cyrillic key layout on a Printing Telegraph Set built by Siemens & Halske in Saint Petersburg, Russia, ca.1900
An illustration of furnace bellows operated by waterwheels, from the Nong Shu, by Wang Zhen, 1313, during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
Avalokitesvara of One Thousand Arms at the Guanyin Nunnery.Langya Buddhist Temple in Chuzhou, AnhuiThe Qingyun Street Mosque in Fuyang, AnhuiCourtyard of a Buddhist temple in Qingyang County, Anhui
Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun.
Watermills in Wang Zhen's Nong Shu, volume 19
The Wang Zhen's Statue aheads the Army Reclamation Museum in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
Wang Yiting
GeneralWang Zhen. General Wang Zhen in 1955
Wang Zhen leadingDenis Strelkovat the 2013 World Championships
Hands at the Cuevas de las Manos upon Río Pinturas, near the town of Perito Moreno in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
Models of Bi Sheng's revolving typecase tables
A modern letterpress workshop at the Basel Paper Mill, Basel, Switzerland
Coloured woodcut Buddha, 10th century, China
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang-dynasty China, 868 AD (British Library)
Automated justification in a demonstration from the early 1990s. The technology was later purchased by Adobe and added to their InDesign product.
1917 press room, using a line shaft power system. At right are several small platen jobbing presses, at left, a cylinder press.
The Virgil Scott Letterpress Exhibit
Preparation for the Virgil Scott Letterpress Exhibit at Texas A&M University–Commerce in January 2015
The European book output rose from a few million to around one billion copies within a span of less than four centuries.[43]
Toronto Pearson International AirportLester B. Pearson International AirportAéroport international Pearson de TorontoAéroport international de Lester B. Pearson.
Interior of Toronto Pearson International Airport's Terminal 1. Toronto Pearson serves as the international airport for the Greater Toronto Area.
Heathrow Airport.
London International Airport. London International Airport
Heathrow Airport tube and rail stations
Airport apron of Pearson, with the airport's infield operations, and main controller visible in the background (2013)
Entry and exit passport stamps at Lombok International Airport. Note that they bear the name of the old airport, Selaparang.
Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International AirportAéroport international Roméo-LeBlanc du Grand MonctonMoncton/Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International Airport. Terminal building
McCarran International Airport. The airport in 2012
CCS International Airport
Yap International Airport.
Kelowna International Airport.
Windsor International Airport.
Gander International Airport.
Victoria International Airport.
McCarran International Airport.
The Chicago area, featuring Chicago Midway and O'Hare International Airports
Chicago Executive Airport. USGSaerial image
Chicago Midway International Airport.
Oshawa Executive AirportToronto/Oshawa Executive Airport.
Transportation in Chicago, O'Hare International airport, New Flyer CTA bus at Canal St, Metra at Schiller Park, cycling Kinsey St, water taxi, Interstate 90
Sacramento Executive Airport. 2006 USGS photo
South Bend International Airport.
Edmonton International AirportAéroport international d'Edmonton.
Tilia amurensis.
Leaves of Vitis amurensis
Tilia after Pollarding, Vogelsberg Mountains
Vitis vinifera.
Tilia japonica.
Developing inflorescences of Vitis vinifera
Vitis coignetiae with autumn leaves
Vitis for producing Sherry at Jerez.
Vitis near a house in Hontecillas.
Botanical features of Vitis labrusca
Tilia in the Münzenberg Castle
Tilia cordata.
Bombus terrestris on Tilia cordata
Bole of an ancient Tilia at Frankenbrunn, Bavaria
A cultivated Common Grape Vine, Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera
Central Executive
Long-term Memory



 The central executive of working memory is retrieving memory from long-term memory.
Happy emotions will strengthen a memory of an Olympic goal
Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory
Mamamoo at the  Korea Sale Festa Opening Ceremony on September 30, 2016.
Mamamoo performing on July 19, 2017.
Mamamoo performing at the Holgabun Festival, May 2018
Mamamoo. Mamamoo at theirReality in Blackshowcase, November 2019From left to right:Moonbyul,Solar,WheeinandHwasa
Mamamoo performing in September 2015.
The single of "Put a Little Love in Your Heart" was a hit record for Jackie DeShannon in 1968. It was certified Gold in the United States when it sold more than 1,000,000 copies.
Microlophus delanonis, male, endemic to Española Island, the Galápagos
Microlophus.
Microlophus occipitalis in Peru
Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world
Cerro Grande de La Compañía hosting one of the southernmost fortresses of the Inca Empire.
Chile is the current world champion polo team, with President Michelle Bachelet and the trophy of the 2008 World Polo Championship.
Marcelo Ríos was the first Latin American tennis player to be number one in the world, after defeating Andre Agassi in 1998.[1] He was also honored by the General Directorate of Sports and Recreation as the Chilean sportsman of the 20th Century.[2]
Countries qualified for World Cup   Country failed to qualify   Countries that did not enter World Cup   Country not a FIFA member
UNESCO World Heritage Site.