JK-TK/Geo huggingface dataset:
A i - Seine nets- Trawler nets- Gill nets- Drift netsii - West N. America- N.E Asiab - Over fishing reduced stocksPollution killing fishingPoor transport network delay reaching market go badPoor market fish imports reduced earningsInadequate capital poor equipment preservation marketingFish diseases death of fishWeeds difficulty to fishBoundary conflicts fighting destruction of equipmentc - Source of income employment reduce unemployment improve livingstandardsTourist attraction sports marine park forex for developingRich in nutrients healthDevelopment of industryHealth feed on mosquito- reduce malariaFeeder roads improve transportForex country developmentd - Sagana- Kabaru- Kibos- Homa bay- Aruba- Haller park nature trail9. A i -Pelagic-Dermersal-nadromousii - Presence of numerous foods that form inlets which provide good breeding grounds for fish- The ruggedness of the immediate land discourage agriculture and livestock farming thus making fishing a good alternative- The prevailing warm Atlantic drift makes the area ice free throughout the year thus fishing is carried out- The grounds have large continental shelf which are abundant in plankton- The dense population in western Europe provides a ready market for fish- The low temperature conditions in high latitudes encourages flourishing of fish- The highly developed technology in the region has contributed to the development of fishingiii - Formulation of law against indiscriminate fishing- Restocking the over fished areas- Licensing fishermen and use of standardized nets of permitted mesh sizes- Prohibiting disposal of effluents into fisheries- Introduction of new species in the existing fisheries- Research of fish species their habit and migratory trends- Personal should be trained on how to manage fisheries10 a - Drifting method. -. Seining method. -. Lining method. B - It is washed by cold ocean current which influence temperature of water favouringthe survival of fish. -. It has plenty of planktons than the Eastern coasts. -. It has sheltered inlets harbours which favour the thriving of fish and construction of fishharbours. 11. A - Seining- Trawling. -. Line fishing.
11. VEGETATION1. A - Pampas of Argentina- Veldt of S. Africa- Downs of Australia- Steppe of Asia- Prairies of N. Americab State three characteristics of temperate grasslands. B - Almost airless except along water courses- Grass is tall and nutritious in most areas- Grass is shorter, tougher less nutritious in drier areas- Grass withers in autumn- It sprouts in springii - Some trees are umbrella shaped to reduce evaporation below the stems- Some plants have long roots to reach the water table below- Some plants have thick fleshy succulent leaves to store water- Some plants grass wither in absence of rainfall but have abiding to recover quickly when rain falls- Some plant seeds remain dormant for long periods awaiting the start of rainfall- Some plants have thin leaves spiky waxy needle like leaves to reduce water loss2. A i X-rainforestY-bamboo forestZ-heath and moorlandii - it consist of a mixture of tree and grassin wetter areas the grass are tall and close to each otherin drive areas the grass are shorter and tuftedgrass dominate the vegetationtrees are shorter and more scatteredtrees are umbrella shapedacacia trees are a dominant speciessome trees i.e. bamboo have thick barksriver valleys have trees and thick bushesduring drought grass withers trees shed their leavesb i Areas on leeward slope of mountains have different vegetation from those on windward slope because they received different amount of rainfall ii Settlement, farming and mining interferes with original vegetation leading to growth ofsecondary and dissertation c i south Africa ii Argentina iii New Zealand . D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and domestic animals overgraze and cause stunted growth of grass 3.
A i X-rainforestY-bamboo forestZ-heath and moorlandii - it consist of a mixture of tree and grassin wetter areas the grass are tall and close to each otherin drive areas the grass are shorter and tuftedgrass dominate the vegetationtrees are shorter and more scatteredtrees are umbrella shapedacacia trees are a dominant speciessome trees i.e. bamboo have thick barksriver valleys have trees and thick bushesduring drought grass withers trees shed their leavesb i Areas on leeward slope of mountains have different vegetation from those on windward slope because they received different amount of rainfall ii Settlement, farming and mining interferes with original vegetation leading to growth ofsecondary and dissertation c i south Africa ii Argentina iii New Zealand . D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and domestic animals overgraze and cause stunted growth of grass 3. A i -Natural vegetation is the plant cover that exists in an area without the interferenceof external modifying influence especially people and their animalsii -Temperature-Precipitation rainfall -Sunlight-Windb i -The prairies of N. America -The veid of S Africa -The pampas of Argentina -The downs of Australia and New Zealand ii -They are conical in shape-They have needle-shape leaves-In most coniferous forests a thick carpet of mosses occur-Forest species are generally few and large tracts of forests can consist of only one ortwo species of tree occurs in pure stands -Most of the species are softwoods which mature faster-Most species are evergreen but a few she their leaves eg fir,pine and larch.
D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and domestic animals overgraze and cause stunted growth of grass 3. A i -Natural vegetation is the plant cover that exists in an area without the interferenceof external modifying influence especially people and their animalsii -Temperature-Precipitation rainfall -Sunlight-Windb i -The prairies of N. America -The veid of S Africa -The pampas of Argentina -The downs of Australia and New Zealand ii -They are conical in shape-They have needle-shape leaves-In most coniferous forests a thick carpet of mosses occur-Forest species are generally few and large tracts of forests can consist of only one ortwo species of tree occurs in pure stands -Most of the species are softwoods which mature faster-Most species are evergreen but a few she their leaves eg fir,pine and larch. -. Trees have a widely spread shallow root system for utilizing moisture from the top soilsince most of the time subsoil is permafrostedc -some plants have thick leaves and banks for storing water. -some plants produce seeds which lie dormant for along time and germinates when therain falls-some plants sheds leaves during the onset of the dry season to reduce loss of waterthrough transpiration-trees in the region have long rots to tap water from the water table below-tress in the region are umbrella shaped to provide shade that reduces the rate ofevaporation around the stem. D - Frequent outbreak of bush fires destroy grass and retard its regeneration-frequent drought destroy the grass and so the vegetation degeneration into a semi-desert type. -overgrazing of domestic and wild animals causes stunted growth of grasses-human activities due to increased population which encroaches grasslands-pests such as army worms and locusts destroy the grass, thus reducing the rate ofgrowth4.
-some plants produce seeds which lie dormant for along time and germinates when therain falls-some plants sheds leaves during the onset of the dry season to reduce loss of waterthrough transpiration-trees in the region have long rots to tap water from the water table below-tress in the region are umbrella shaped to provide shade that reduces the rate ofevaporation around the stem. D - Frequent outbreak of bush fires destroy grass and retard its regeneration-frequent drought destroy the grass and so the vegetation degeneration into a semi-desert type. -overgrazing of domestic and wild animals causes stunted growth of grasses-human activities due to increased population which encroaches grasslands-pests such as army worms and locusts destroy the grass, thus reducing the rate ofgrowth4. A X - VeldtZ - Stepperb - Some plants have a short life-cycle this enables them to survive during the shortperiod of wetness. -. Most are salt tolerant Halophytes to enable them survive in the saline soils of thedeserts. -. Most plants have succulent leaves that store water to enable them survive the longdrought period. -. Some plants have fibrous stems which they use as breathing surface. -. Most have deep roots to reach the deeper water table. -. Some have spines thorns which protect them from browsing animals. -. Some are drought resistant deciduous which enable them shed their leaves duringdry season. 5.
- Some have spines thorns which protect them from browsing animals. -. Some are drought resistant deciduous which enable them shed their leaves duringdry season. 5. A i L is savanna park savanna ii - The vegetation is tropical rainforest equatorial forest- The forest consist of mixed variety of tree species- The trees shed their leaves at different times of the year ever green- The trees are tall with large trunks- The trees have broad; leaves drip tipped leaves- The trees take long to mature- The tree species are mainly hard woods- The forest trees grow close together- The forest has numerous lianas climbing plants epiphytes- Some of the trees have buttress roots- The forest has crowns that form three distinct canopies layersb i - Some plants have thick fleshy succulent leaves barks to enable them store water- Some have long roots to tap the ground water- Some have no leaves have thin spiky waxy needle- like leaves to reduce transpiration- Some plants have shiny surfaces to reflect light- Plant seeds remain dormant awaiting the short rains- Some plants have thick hard barks to reduce transpiration- Some plants wilt in the absence of moisture that have a quick recovery ability- Some plants have thorns to protect themselves from browsing animals- Most plants are stunted dwarf like due to the harsh conditions- Some plants are quick sprouting to take advantage of the short lived desert rays- Some plants have underground bulbs that remain dormant awaiting short the rainsc i - The temperatures are too low to support vegetation- The surface is mainly bare rock, so no soil has formed to support vegetation- Water is always in a frozen state, i.e. snow, so it is not available to plantsii - Vegetation is of aesthetic value as it adds beauty to the landscape- Vegetation binds soil together using its roots. Its aerial parts reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. In this way, it protects the soil against erosion- Plant remains decay to become humus. This improves the fertility of the soil- Some plants are of medicinal value to people.
Its aerial parts reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. In this way, it protects the soil against erosion- Plant remains decay to become humus. This improves the fertility of the soil- Some plants are of medicinal value to people. Their leaves, barks or roots are extracted and prepared into medicines, both traditional and modern- Some trees are used in the manufacture of paper while others are used for the manufacture of plywood, veneer or production of timber- Some plants are eaten by people e.g. bamboo shoots6. A i - Natural vegetation- Derived vegetation- Cultivated vegetationii - altitude - aspect - terrain and drainageb i A-health and moorlandB-bamboo forest C-rain forest D-savanna grasslandii -too cold for plants to survive covered by snow -rocky surfacec i prairiesPampasii - Grazing the plenty tall and short grasses are used for grazing livestock and wildanimals- Reduces soil erosion-savanna vegetation act as soil cover hence reduces soilerosion- Habitat for bees and wild animals-trees in savanna are habitat for bees which provide honey and home foe wild animals e.g. gazelles, giraffe- Some shrubs and herbs growing in the savanna are used as medicine- Fuel-trees provide wood fuel and fuel wood for the people in the tropics- Gross increases humus in the soil making areas suitable for cereal farming e.g. wheat and maized - some plants have long roots to enable them tap water far deep the ground - some pants have shallow root system which enables them to take moisture from thesoil layers- some plants have sunken stomata and waxy leaves to reduce rate oftransportation - some plants have succulent stems to allow them store water - some plants are short lived i.e. Complete their cycle within the short wet period - some plants e.g. tubers and corns remain dormant during dry spell until wet periodstimulate7.
A i - It is a plant cover existing naturally in a place but has been interfered with by manii - AltitudeAspectSoilClimate temperature rainfallMan s activitiesb i - Savanna vegetationRainforestBamboo forestsHealth and moorlandii - prairiessteppesdownsveldiii - some have thick fleshy succulent leaves barkssome have long tap rootssome have no leaves have thin spiky waxy needle like leavessome plants have thick hard barkssome plants have thornssome plants are stunted dwarf likeshrubs are commonsome plants spout during wet seasons short time 9.a - fire-often ,large areas of forests are destroyed by accidental and sometimesintended fire.such forests takes long to recoverdiseases causes by pests and parasites attack mainly the planted forests causing many trees to diehuman activity settlement charcoal burning logging have destroyed many forests areas of which are transformed in to farms and grasslandsover-exploitation leads to depletion of certain tree species such as Meru oak, camphor and Elgon teak.these trees take long to maturegovernment policy of degazetting of some forests made people free to clear many forested areasprolonged droughts lead to degeneration of forests some of which take long to recover b Rain forest have closely set trees with these districts canopies. This crowns and closeness of the trees form a dense shade for the lower layer which makes arvesting cumbersome. Most trees are tall, and have huge trunks. This makes them cumbersome to be harvested and most of them are heavy to be transported. High amount of rainfall. This forest lies within the equatorial climatic region where high amount of rainfall isreceived throughout the year. This means that harvesting of trees can not take place throughout the year because of the very dump condition in the forest and general disturbance caused too much rains. Tree species are not found in pure standsRainforest do not have pure stand and this become a problem if one need to harvest only one species meaning moving from one part of the forest to another as one harvest. Majority of the species are hardwood.-These species are hard to be cut and also heavy to be transported.
22. TRADE1. A - Bilateral tradeb - Low earnings due export of agricultural products and raw materials which have low valueHeavy expenditure due to importation of manufactured goods which are expensiveUnpredictable production since agriculture she relies on for export depends on climate which is unreliable2. A - Bilateral- Multilateralb - Similar products- Limited transport communication links- Colonial patterns of trade- Limited manufactured goods- Prohibitive tariffs to protect local industries3. A - Scarcity of goodsInadequate capital supplyHigh costs of getting trading permits licencesLowly developed roads transport networkTrade barriersHigh cases of poverty among the peopleInadequate market buildingsInsecuritySmuggling of essential goodsb - They have helped crate cooperation among member states- Member states have a longer market for their goods- The expanded market ha promoted industrial development- Goods have been made cheaper for people in the region through reduction of tariffs- Employment opportunities have been created through industrial development- Member states are able to invest in joint development projects like railway construction. -. Trade in the regions has boosted agricultural development- The common market has made people of the member state enjoy a variety of commodities- There is reduced reliance on goods and services from other parts of the world4. A - To eliminate taxes on goods produced within the member countries. -. To enable the member states to increase use of their raw materials. -. To enable people in the region to interact and exchange ideas freely. -. To reduce unnecessary competition among member states. -. To promote transport communication between the countries. -. To create a common market for the goods produced in the member countries. -. To establish a common bank COMESA bank to aid transaction. B - Improving infrastructures. -. Joining trading blocs such as COMESA, EAC. -. Creating Export Processing Zones. EPZ to promote the volume of exports.
- Joining trading blocs such as COMESA, EAC.- Creating Export Processing Zones. EPZ to promote the volume of exports.5.a i Visible exports are tangible goods sent o other countries for sale while invisibleexport are transactions between countries which lead to monetary returnsii -Tourism-Financial services-Transport services-Loans grants Aidsb i - COMESA- Southern African Development Community SADC ii BerlinNigerNigeria GhanaBurkina fasoMauritaniaLiberiaMaliGuineaSenegalTogoCape townCote de voireGambiaGuinea BisauCamerooniii - Encouraged the development of industries-Phased out all customs and tariffs on goods originating within West Africa-Improvement of tele- communication-Exchange of technology-Campaigned for the sale of petroleum from Nigeria to member states at reduced prices6.a Balance of payment is the difference between visible exports and imports and also invisible exports and inputs in the value of trade taking place between two countries.b - They are perishable. Some are bulky making transportation difficult. Are of low valueThey are exhaustible supply may fluctuate negatively depending on season. Inadequate capital for expansion since a large capital outlay is needed.a Visible exports are tangible goods sent to other countries for sale while invisibleexports are transactions between countries which lead to monetary returns likeinterest and dividends on the foreign investments b - Hinder growth of home infant industries due to stiff competition slowsindustrializationCreates a state of dependency on developed countries slows exploitation of national resourcesHinder diversification of the economyThe country experiences unfavorable balance of trade retards economic developmentWhenever there is poor relationship with the trading partner the country experiences shortage of the import goodsThe country spends her foreign exchange reserve on imports faces devaluation of her localcurrency.
25. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT1 i Land pollution Is the contamination of the land through improper disposal of wasteii - Spraying of crops with chemicals contaminates the land by affecting soilcomposition- Careless dumping of domestic waste and industrial waste contaminates land- Burning of vegetation during land- Preparation leads to death of micro- organisms making the land unsuitable for plants to survive- Poor disposal of non- biodegradable material like plastic and polythene papers contaminates the landiii - Bad Odour leading to air pollution- Accumulation of domestic and industrial wastes on the road side blocks the drainage system- Mounds of wastes are a breeding ground for flies, mosquitoes and rodents which cancause outbreak of diseases- Injuries can result from broken bottles, rusted metals and iron2. A ii - Its best economic use of land because Agriculture does not do well in those areas. -. Population is low and this reduces conflicts between man and animals. -. It requires extensive land that is only available in those areas. -. It reduces the conflict of resettling people. B - Polluted water cause death of aquatic animals. -. High concentration of organic and inorganic nutrients in water causes electrificationin lakes. -. Water pollution causes diseases to animalsc i - When a river contains excess waters which it cannot hold within its channel. -. When the level of the sea or lake rises due to increased rainfall. -. Exceptional heavy rainfall like El nino results in excess water on land. -. When a dam built across a valley breaks, the water in the reservoir floods lower landdown stream. -. When massive earthquake occurs on the seabed causes tsunami which causesflooding in coastal areas. C ii - Construction of dykes, dams and levees. These can be constructed across rivers tocontrol the speed of water amount of water flowing downstream. -. Reforestation on slopes and river banks reduces surface run off and erosion increasesthe rate of water infiltration in the ground. -. Improving and diverting river channels. -. Shallow rivers can be dredged to increase their depth. Rivers with meanders ca bestraightened to enable water flow swiftly. Tributaries can be drenched to reduce thevolume of water getting into the main river. D - To sustain human life. -. To protect endangered species. -. For sustainable utilization of resources. -. For aesthetic value.
- To protect endangered species. -. For sustainable utilization of resources. -. For aesthetic value. -. For future generations posterity. -. To curb global warming. 3. A - Hooting and roaring off engines by motor vehicles- Reverting of machines in rolling mills and welding- Banging of metal containers by Jua kali artisans- High pitched music played in vehicles, dance and disco halls, homes and religiousgathering- Aircrafts as they take off or land in airports- Blasts from mines and celebrations e.g. Dawalib - Rise in blood pressure and tension of muscles physical stress- Affects the nervous system causing neurosis and irritation- Damage of eardrums causing deafnessa Desertification- Lightning- Windstorms- Pest and diseases- Pollution4. A - Earth quakesb i - Nyando- Nzoia- Yala- Kuja Guchaii - the stagnant water becomes breeding ground for vectors that cause water relateddiseases. -. Floods cause loss of property lives- Floods cause soil water logging which lower crop production- Floods wash away crops leading to food shortages famine- Floods wash away bridges roads telephone lines air field disrupting transport andcommunication- People are dispatched by floods are made homelessc - the garbage man result to foul smell air pollution which is hazardous to human health- when it rains the dumped waste garbage is washed to rivers causing water pollution- garbage can be a breeding ground for rodents flies cockroaches which can causediseases outbreak e.g. plague- accumulation of garbage leads to blockage of roads drainage systems- garbage heaps are eye sore as they made the environment uglyd i - burning waste materials- digging pits throwing rubbish- minimizing use of harmful chemicals use of organic manure- creating public awareness on the dangers of land pollution and how to control it- recycling of waste materials- government logislation against dumping- setting up proper garbage collections programmesii - strong winds destroy trees- wind blow off roofs of houses- winds cause strong see storms and lead to boats capsizing communication lines aredestroyed destruction of transport lines- winds cause soil erosion- winds spread air-borne disease- winds spread bush fires5.
A - Earth quakesb i - Nyando- Nzoia- Yala- Kuja Guchaii - the stagnant water becomes breeding ground for vectors that cause water relateddiseases. -. Floods cause loss of property lives- Floods cause soil water logging which lower crop production- Floods wash away crops leading to food shortages famine- Floods wash away bridges roads telephone lines air field disrupting transport andcommunication- People are dispatched by floods are made homelessc - the garbage man result to foul smell air pollution which is hazardous to human health- when it rains the dumped waste garbage is washed to rivers causing water pollution- garbage can be a breeding ground for rodents flies cockroaches which can causediseases outbreak e.g. plague- accumulation of garbage leads to blockage of roads drainage systems- garbage heaps are eye sore as they made the environment uglyd i - burning waste materials- digging pits throwing rubbish- minimizing use of harmful chemicals use of organic manure- creating public awareness on the dangers of land pollution and how to control it- recycling of waste materials- government logislation against dumping- setting up proper garbage collections programmesii - strong winds destroy trees- wind blow off roofs of houses- winds cause strong see storms and lead to boats capsizing communication lines aredestroyed destruction of transport lines- winds cause soil erosion- winds spread air-borne disease- winds spread bush fires5. A i S Mt. Kenya Nationa ParkT- Amboseli Naitonal ParkU Tsavo National Parkii Malindi Marine parkbi - Pie-historic sites e.g. Gedi ruinsSandy beachesCaves, cliffs coral reefs coastal landforms Warm, sunny weatherPeople s cultureii - Ensures maximum use of less productive land e.g. arid and semi-arid regionsSource of foreign exchange through payment of fees at entry points gates to parks reservesCreation of employment opportunities as guides in parks, lodges e.t.c. Protection and conservation of endangered species e.g. rhinos, elephants e.t.c.
Arid and semi-arid regionsSource of foreign exchange through payment of fees at entry points gates to parks reservesCreation of employment opportunities as guides in parks, lodges e.t.c. Protection and conservation of endangered species e.g. rhinos, elephants e.t.c. For future generation prosperityEnhances research promotes education in plants and animal speciesFor aesthetic purpose recreationHas stimulated the need to build roads and airstrips connecting parks with urban areas opening up remote areas. Promoted diversification of the economy from over-relying on agriculture to tourismiii - Illegal hunting poaching of wildlife game leads to extinction of some animal speciesOverstocking of wild animals leading to destruction of the natural environment overgrazingFrequent drought leading to loss of animals through starvation and deathHuman wildlife conflict leading to destruction of crops and death of people, through high costs of compensationInadequate capital limits governemnt conservation effort especially to construct game parksPollution of the environment leading to loss of wildlifeFire outbreaks which destroy vegetations animalsPests and diseases e.g feline immune deficiency virus that threatens lion population6. A - To get in contact with the park management and seek permission for the visit-To identify and engage the services of a tour guide- To identify the methods to be used in data collection- To formulate the relevant objectives and hypotheses-To assemble the appropriate equipment for the study- To help in estimating the cost of the study- To prepare an appropriate work schedule- To determine the appropriate routes to be followed- To identify possible problems that may be experienced and ways of avoiding them b - Offering incentives like reduced tariff rates by hotels during the low season for local people- Lowering the entrance fees for local people into national parks and game reserves- Encouraging employers to offer incentive holidays to their employees- Promote domestic tourism through the media- Encourage young people to tour their country by establishing wildlife clubs in schools7. A - Desertification. LightningWind stormPests and diseasesPollutionb - DeforestationPoor agricultural activities e.g overgrazing, monoculture, overcroping etcIncrease in population. Bush fireGlobal warmingc - To ensure proper utilization of resources without damage. To sustain human life since it wholly dependent on the resources for survivial.
LightningWind stormPests and diseasesPollutionb - DeforestationPoor agricultural activities e.g overgrazing, monoculture, overcroping etcIncrease in population. Bush fireGlobal warmingc - To ensure proper utilization of resources without damage. To sustain human life since it wholly dependent on the resources for survivial. To preserve the asthetic value such as landscape and vegetation of her environment. To protect the endangered species of plants and animals.8.a - Management of environment refer to the effective planning and control of theprocesses that could harm the environment while.- Conservation of environment refers to the protection and presentation of naturalresources from destruction wastage or loss.b - For sustenance of human life. To protect endangered species. For aesthetic value. To interlize natural resourcesFor future generations. To preserve cultural heritage.c - Gases from factories corrode roofs of houses. Some poisonous gases lead to earth to form acid rain which is harmful to life. Smog and smoke reduce visibility which way lead to road air accidents.d i - Control soil erosionRegular inspection of factoriesSetting up recycling plants. Treatment of sewage. Managing garbage collect and disposal well. Use of unleaded fuelProper legislation. Ii - Age of the populationSocial economic status of the population. Culture of the people.9.a - Pollution is the contamination of the environment with substances which are harmful or - poisonous to human, plants and animal life.b - Land Soil Ground pollution. Water pollutionNoise pollution.10.a - FloodingLighteningPests diseasesHailstormsDusts stormsLandslidesPollutionSoil erosionfire.