JK-TK/GRADE-8-TERM-2 huggingface dataset:
This can lead to serious health problems, nutrient deficiencies and eating disorders in later life iv. Adults Growth is usually completed by the age of 25 years. The aims of nutrition during adult years are to obtain adequate energy and nutrients to maintain a healthy body weight and prevention of chronic diseases through appropriate food choices. Adulthood is a period when an individual begins to experience and cope with numerous changes in the realms of work, family and education. Healthy eating and lifestyle are important for them to cope with stress and maintain health. The calorific requirement begins to decrease after the age of 25 years as basal metabolic rates decrease. People during adult years may not get as much exercise as they did in earlier years. Thus, when appetite and food intake do not decrease, there is a common tendency toward weight gain during this period. An intake of 3,500 calories more than the body needs for maintenance and activities will result in a weight gain of 500 grams fat. A person who overeats by only 120 calories a day equal to a can of soft drink can gain 6kilograms in 1 year. Therefore, it is important to reach energy balance to maintain a healthy weight i. energy intake equals energy output . This can be achieved by eating less energydense foods, and increasing physical activities as exercise will increase the number of calories burned. Healthy eating and lifestyle are encouraged during adult years to maintain health and prevention of chronic diseases v. Elderly Physiological, psychosocial and economic changes of the elderly affect their nutrition status. The body s function changes with age. Metabolic rate slows down, bones become less dense and lean muscle mass is reduced. Eye-sight,hearing, taste and smell are less acute and poor dentition is common. The secretion of digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid is diminished which in turn impairs digestion and absorption of nutrients such as vitamin B12. The reduced muscle tone of the intestine may result in constipation in an elderly. The loss of spouse or close friends, physical disabilities, poor health, feeling of loneliness and uselessness may diminish an elderly s ability to shop, cook and also his her appetite to eat. Retirement of the elderly results in decreased income and this may affect one s choice of food. Some may choose foods by cost rather than nutrient content.
Adequate folate intake is important for adult women before pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in infant. The iron requirement is highfor women throughout the childbearing years to replace blood loss during menstruation. Fruits and vegetables are important source of vitamins A, C, folate , minerals potassium , phytochemicals, and fiber. A diet high in fruits and vegetables are associated with lower risk of chronic diseases. For manual workers, meals should be a balanced diet rich in carbohydrates such as rice, noodles and pasta or bread to provide enough energy to work. Manual work increases sweating which in turn increases the loss of water and electrolytes. It is essential to increase fluid intake water, juice, soup to regulate body temperature and avoid dehydration. People with a sedentary lifestyle e. office workers, require to pay attention to energy balance to maintain a healthy body weight. Reduced physical activity together with an excessive energy intake from a large portion of energy-dense foods such as fast food, snacks increase the risk of obesity and other chronic disease in later life. The modern busy lifestyle has made fast food become popular because it is convenient and time-saving. High consumption of food in restaurants and fast food shops result in higher intake of fat, trans-fat, salt and sugar while the intake in fruits and vegetables is low. Meals for office workers should be rich in nutrients but low in energy. It is recommended to include more vegetables and fruits as they are rich in dietary fiber and low in calories, instead of energy dense snacks such as ice-cream, chocolates and chips. They are also rich in vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that are beneficial to health and may help to prevent chronic diseases. Higher fiber diet is also more filling and helps to prevent constipation. Energy-dense foods and alcohol should be eaten in moderation only. E Elderly A balanced nutrient-dense diet is essential for maintaining good health of the elderly. Good nutritional status can help to prevent chronic disease and speed up recovery from illness, surgery or broken bones. An elderly s diet should include varied choices of food with most of the calories from carbohydrates, moderate in protein while low in fat, salt and sugar. Adequate protein is essential for tissue repairing, synthesis of immune cells and hormones. Lean meat or poultry without skin and low fat dairy products are good protein choices.
An elderly s diet should include varied choices of food with most of the calories from carbohydrates, moderate in protein while low in fat, salt and sugar. Adequate protein is essential for tissue repairing, synthesis of immune cells and hormones. Lean meat or poultry without skin and low fat dairy products are good protein choices. Elderly are also encouraged to have adequate fruits, vegetables, whole grains products and legumes. These foods are rich source of vitamins, minerals and fiber. Adequate fiber and fluid can help to prevent constipation. Foods for breakfast should include enough carbohydrates noodles, whole meal bread, breakfast cereals, and congee and moderate protein foods lean meat, milk and dairy products, eggs . Lunch and dinner choices can follow the principles of healthy eating with cereals or cereal products as major food, moderate amount of fish, seafood, legumes, egg and lean meat. It is advised to prepare foods with low fat cooking methods such as steaming, boiling, stewing, grilling and stir-frying with little oil. Chinese family dinner usually consists of 2-3 dishes that are shared by family members, whereas western style dinner usually includes soup, appetizer, main dish, dessert and or a drink that are served on an individual basis. Healthy snacks such as low fat dairy products, sandwich, fruits, whole meal biscuits, chestnuts, sweet corn can supplement main meals for those with additional nutrition needs and small appetite. 8 Meal planning for special occasions celebrations; such as social gatherings, parties and festivals should take into consideration of the occasion, venue, age and number of guests, style of meal sit down or buffet type, Chinese or Western meal and special food if necessary. Prepare appropriate tableware, napkins, tablecloth and home decorations flowers or other ornaments , seats and tables for celebrations or parties. Background of guests, their age, gender, total number, food preference, nutritional needs and special ethnic or religion are factors for consideration when planning meals. A good meal should be nutritious, well cooked with careful combination of foods and flavors. For example, food for a birthday party for school-age children should be colorful, attractive, and easy to manage, in bite size, small packs and include more body building foods for growth. Dishes can be prepared using different methods e.
A good meal should be nutritious, well cooked with careful combination of foods and flavors. For example, food for a birthday party for school-age children should be colorful, attractive, and easy to manage, in bite size, small packs and include more body building foods for growth. Dishes can be prepared using different methods e. grilling, baking, boiling to give various texture e. soft, firm, crispy and served either hot or cold. Special food can be prepared for special occasions or festivals e. birthday cake for birthday party; Easter chocolate eggs for Easter festival, Chinese turnip cake for Chinese New Year etc. It is also advised to shop and plan for food in advance to allow changes of food in the menu if they are not available. Meals for outing; should be well planned and prepared. Depending on the duration of the outing, the meal should provide enough nutrients and energy to sustain daily activities as that from amain meal. It should be well-balanced by choosing foods from the three basic food groups and to include a suitable drink. Choose foods that are easy to eat, pack and carry, and can be kept for a longer time such as bread, fruits, packed drinks or canned foods. Use thermal containers with insulation or spaces for ice packs to keep food drinks at a safe temperature to avoid bacterial growth. Food can be packed in a plastic box for easy transport to avoid crushing damage. Download AI Quiz 00 SaveShare Document continues below Discover more from: Nutrition and dieteticsDND 2204 Thika School of Medical and Health Sciences 36 documents Go to course 6 Steps OF DIET Planning questions Nutrition and dietetics100 2 55 Tsmhs Nutrition Intervention IN Hivaids Module Nutrition and dieteticsNone 1 What Is Behavioral Psychology With Duties and Specialties Indeed Nutrition and dieteticsNone 1 Difference Between Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms Nutrition and dieteticsNone 17 Milk oils and other food production notes Nutrition and dieteticsNone 2 Commonly used equipment in enteral feeding and parenteral Nutrition and dieteticsNone fruits vegetables, meats, dairy products, fats sweets . Main energy source should come dairy products, dried or fresh fruits, wholemeal biscuits, unsweetened soy bean milk.
Food can be packed in a plastic box for easy transport to avoid crushing damage. Download AI Quiz 00 SaveShare Document continues below Discover more from: Nutrition and dieteticsDND 2204 Thika School of Medical and Health Sciences 36 documents Go to course 6 Steps OF DIET Planning questions Nutrition and dietetics100 2 55 Tsmhs Nutrition Intervention IN Hivaids Module Nutrition and dieteticsNone 1 What Is Behavioral Psychology With Duties and Specialties Indeed Nutrition and dieteticsNone 1 Difference Between Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms Nutrition and dieteticsNone 17 Milk oils and other food production notes Nutrition and dieteticsNone 2 Commonly used equipment in enteral feeding and parenteral Nutrition and dieteticsNone fruits vegetables, meats, dairy products, fats sweets .Main energy source should come dairy products, dried or fresh fruits, wholemeal biscuits, unsweetened soy bean milk. Company About Us Ask AI Studocu World University Ranking 2023 E-Learning Statistics Doing Good Academic Integrity Jobs Blog Dutch Website Contact Help F.A.Q. Contact Newsroom Legal Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Statement View our reviews on Trustpilot English Rest of the World Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01.
Strand 1.1: Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies - Fire and Data SafetyLesson 1: Understanding Fire CausesCauses of Fire:Flammable Substances:Chemicals: Used in laboratories e.g., solvents, fuels . Common Materials: Such as paper, wood, fabric, and oily rags. Gases: Like propane and butane used in workshops. Lesson 2: Preventing FirePreventing Fires:Proper Storage:Flammable materials stored in designated areas with proper ventilation. Separate storage for different types of materials to prevent chemical reactions. Regular Maintenance:Checking electrical equipment for wear and tear, frayed wires, or damaged plugs. Ensuring machinery is well-lubricated to prevent overheating. Safety Protocols:Clearing workspaces from unnecessary clutter to reduce fire hazards. Displaying and following emergency evacuation plans. Lesson 3: Firefighting TechniquesFirefighting Techniques:Cooling:Using water hoses or fire extinguishers to cool down the flames. Emergency showers for individuals with chemical burns. Smothering:Utilizing fire blankets to cover flames and cut off their oxygen supply. Deploying foam-based fire suppressants to smother liquid fires. Interrupting:Using fire extinguishers with appropriate agents for different fire types e.g., ABC fire extinguishers . Explanation: ABC fire extinguishers are versatile and effective for three classes of fires - A ordinary combustibles , B flammable liquids , and C electrical fires . Lesson 4: Data Threat AnalysisThreats to Data:Malware:Viruses, including trojans, worms, spyware, ransomware, and adware. Phishing: Attempts to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information through fake emails or websites. Hacking:Unauthorized access by individuals seeking to manipulate or steal data. Data breaches where sensitive information is accessed without permission. Data Corruption:Software bugs causing unexpected errors and data loss. Hardware failures, such as a malfunctioning hard drive leading to data corruption. Lesson 5: Securing Electronic DataSecuring Data:Use Strong Passwords:Combine uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols e.g., P ssw0rd . Avoid easily guessable passwords, like "password" or "123456."Regularly Back Up Data:Use external devices like USB drives, external hard drives, or cloud services e.g., Google Drive . Schedule automatic backups to ensure consistent data protection.
Lesson 5: Securing Electronic DataSecuring Data:Use Strong Passwords:Combine uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols e.g., P ssw0rd . Avoid easily guessable passwords, like "password" or "123456."Regularly Back Up Data:Use external devices like USB drives, external hard drives, or cloud services e.g., Google Drive . Schedule automatic backups to ensure consistent data protection. Install and Update Antivirus Software:Choose reputable antivirus software and keep it up-to-date to guard against new threats. Enable real-time scanning for continuous protection. Lesson 6: Hands-On ApplicationHands-On Application:Creating a Strong Password:Utilize a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols to enhance complexity. Avoid personal information, like birthdays or names, to strengthen security. Backing Up Important Files:Use external hard drives, USB drives, or cloud services like Dropbox, OneDrive, or iCloud. Regularly review and update the backup strategy based on evolving needs. Running an Antivirus Scan:Schedule regular scans to detect and remove potential threats automatically. Perform manual scans after downloading new files or visiting unfamiliar websites. Key Inquiry QuestionsImportance of Fire Safety:Protect Lives and Property:By preventing injuries, fatalities, and damage to structures. Avoid Disruptions in Work Environments:Ensuring uninterrupted workflow and maintaining productivity. Prevent Injuries and Ensure a Safe Working Atmosphere:Fostering a secure and comfortable workplace for all individuals. Strand 1.0: Foundations of Pre-Technical StudiesSub Strand 1.2: Computer Hardware 11 lessons Lesson 1: Introduction to Computer HardwareComputer Hardware:Physical parts of a computer system, including tangible components that can be touched and seen. Explanation: Computer hardware comprises the physical elements that make up a computer, allowing it to function. These components include devices such as keyboards, monitors, hard drives, and more. Lesson 2: Categories of Computer HardwareInput Devices:Keying devices e.g., keyboards . Pointing devices e.g., mice, trackpads . Scanning devices e.g., scanners . Voice input devices e.g., microphones . Touchscreen and digitizer. Digital cameras. Output Devices:Hardcopy e.g., printers . Softcopy e.g., monitors, speakers . Storage Devices:Fixed e.g., hard disk drives, SSDs . Removable e.g., USB drives, external hard drives .
Softcopy e.g., monitors, speakers . Storage Devices:Fixed e.g., hard disk drives, SSDs . Removable e.g., USB drives, external hard drives . Input devices get data, output devices display information, and storage devices save data. Lesson 3: Categories DiscussionGroup Discussion Outcomes:Identify scenarios where voice input devices are more suitable than keying devices. Discuss real-world applications of storage devices in various industries. Explanation: Engaging in group discussions helps explore diverse perspectives and understand practical applications of different hardware categories. Lesson 4: Matching Devices to CategoriesMatching Activity:Associate hardware devices with categories. Ensure clear understanding of input, output, and storage devices. Explanation: This hands-on activity reinforces the connection between specific devices and their respective hardware categories. Lesson 5: Task Performance Using HardwareHands-On Experience:Use input devices for data entry. Generate output using devices. Save and retrieve data from storage devices. Explanation: Performing tasks with various hardware devices enhances practical skills and demonstrates how these components work together. Lesson 6: Importance of Computer HardwareImportance Discussion:Discuss how computer hardware enhances user experiences. Recognize the integral role of hardware in performing tasks. Explanation: Recognizing the importance of computer hardware encourages an appreciation for its role in making technology functional and user-friendly. Top of FormStrand 1: Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies - Substrand 1.3: Consumer and Investor ProtectionLesson 1: Importance of Consumer and Investor ProtectionObjective: Explain the importance of consumer and investor protection in Kenya. Importance of Protection:Safeguarding the rights of consumers and investors is crucial for a fair and just marketplace. Building trust and confidence in economic activities is achieved through effective protection measures. Examples:Consumer protection ensures fair pricing, quality products, and ethical business practices. Investor protection fosters confidence in financial markets, encouraging investment and economic growth. Lesson 2: Analyzing Protection Mechanisms in KenyaObjective: Analyze ways in which consumers and investors are protected in Kenya. Regulatory Mechanisms:Laws and policies ensure fair trade and protect against fraud. The Competition Authority of Kenya enforces competition laws for fair market practices. Institutional Protection:Government bodies like the Capital Markets Authority regulate financial markets for stability. The Central Bank of Kenya protects consumers and investors by ensuring financial system integrity. Examples:Consumer Protection Laws:The Consumer Protection Act safeguards consumers from deceptive and unfair trade practices.
Institutional Protection:Government bodies like the Capital Markets Authority regulate financial markets for stability. The Central Bank of Kenya protects consumers and investors by ensuring financial system integrity. Examples:Consumer Protection Laws:The Consumer Protection Act safeguards consumers from deceptive and unfair trade practices. It addresses issues like product safety, misleading advertising, and unfair contract terms to protect consumer rights. Capital Markets Act:The Capital Markets Act empowers regulators to protect investors through various mechanisms. Regulators can license and supervise market intermediaries like brokers and investment advisors to ensure ethical standards. Ways in which the Capital Markets Act Empowers Regulators to Protect Investors:Licensing and Supervision: Regulators can license and supervise market intermediaries to ensure adherence to ethical standards without compromising investor interests. Market Surveillance: Regulators can use advanced surveillance systems to monitor and detect market manipulation, insider trading, and other fraudulent activities. Enforcement of Disclosures: Companies are mandated to provide accurate and timely information to the public. Regulators enforce these requirements to ensure investors have access to essential information for informed decision-making. Investor Education: Regulators implement educational programs to empower investors with knowledge, helping them make informed investment decisions without falling victim to scams or unethical practices. Market Integrity: The Act enables regulators to maintain market integrity by preventing and investigating any form of market abuse, ensuring a fair and transparent trading environment. Lesson 3: Government Financial RegulatorsObjective: Explore the Government financial regulators in Kenya. Institutional Roles:Government bodies like the Capital Markets Authority regulate financial markets. The Central Bank of Kenya ensures stability and protects the interests of consumers and investors. Examples:Capital Markets Authority CMA :Regulates securities to protect investors by ensuring fair, efficient, and transparent capital markets. Enforces rules on disclosure, preventing insider trading, and promoting market integrity. Central Bank of Kenya CBK :Protects consumers through monetary policy and financial stability. Manages inflation to ensure price stability, safeguarding the purchasing power of consumers. Maintains a stable banking sector, ensuring the safety of deposits and protecting consumers' financial interests. Lesson 4: Protecting Oneself from ExploitationObjective: Protect oneself from exploitation. Practical Strategies for Protection:Be an informed consumer; verify product information before making purchases. Read and understand contracts thoroughly before entering into transactions to avoid exploitation. NGO Involvement:Non-Governmental organizations like the Consumer Federation of Kenya advocate for consumer rights.