JK-TK/GRADE-8-TERM-2 huggingface dataset:
Abraham had obedient reverence for God became he did not keep back his only son from God. God provided a ram for sacrifice. He named the mountain the Lord provided God was pleased with Abraham and promised him blessings, many descendants victory, and protection. Activity Read Genesis 12:1 9, 15:1 6, 17:23 24, 21:1 7, 22:1-19 IMPORTANCE OF FAITH IN CHRISTIAN LIFE TODAY 1. A Christian today is acceptable to God through his faith in God through Jesus Christ. Without faith it is impossible to please God. 2. A Christian can only serve God if he has faith in him. Faith enables a Christian to serve God 3. Faith enables a Christian to accomplish what appears to be impossible 4. Through faith, Christians are able to trust God to fulfill his promises to them 5. Faith is the foundation of the Christians salvation 6. Faith in God gives a Christian the power to overcome all temptations. 8. Christians should expect to have their faith tested just like Abraham was. 9. Faith enables Christians to patiently wait on God s promises 10. Christians through faith in God help the poor, make right decisions and are able to understand and know God better. JEWISH AND AFRICAN PRACTICES OF CIRCUMCISION IMPORTANCE OF CIRCUMCISION TO ABRAHAM AND HIS DESCENDANTS GEN. 17: 1 16 The rite of circumcision was started by Abraham and has been practiced by the Jews up to the present times. In the Old Testament, it was important because: i Through circumcision: God assured Abraham that he would fulfill His promises to him. Ii Circumcision was a sign that Abraham and his descendants had entered into a covenant with God. It was an outward sign of inner faith. Iii Circumcision was a mark of identity for the Jews iv It was a sign of obedience to God v It was an acceptance of God as the only true God and their willingness to remain faithful to him In the New Testament vi Circumcision doesn t qualify one to be a child of God. One is accepted as a Christian without circumcision as long as they have faith in God. Vii A true descendant of Abraham is the Christian who truly believes in God and lives according to His will regardless of colour, race or creed.
Iii Circumcision was a mark of identity for the Jews iv It was a sign of obedience to God v It was an acceptance of God as the only true God and their willingness to remain faithful to him In the New Testament vi Circumcision doesn t qualify one to be a child of God. One is accepted as a Christian without circumcision as long as they have faith in God. Vii A true descendant of Abraham is the Christian who truly believes in God and lives according to His will regardless of colour, race or creed. CIRCUMCISION IN AFRICAN COMMUNITIES Circumcision is one of the rites of passage among the African people. It marks the transition from one stage to another. Many ethnic communities in Kenya still practice the rite of circumcision. During circumcision ceremonies, prayers are offered to God for the well-being of the initiates those who are being circumcised and the prosperity of the whole community. Initiates learn secrets of their community and society. They are taught myths, origin, religious beliefs, and sex education. In some communities, initiates are given new names or ornaments to signify their new status. JEWISH AND AFRICAN PRACTICES OF CIRCUMCISION Similarities In both Jewish and African communities, circumcision: a Is a mark of identity b Provided a sense of belonging c Was observed as a religious experience d was compulsory e Was a tradition passed from one generation to another f Is a time for shedding blood g Was a time for offering prayers to God for the well-being of the initiates h Was a time for giving gifts i Was a ceremony for initiation j Was a time for giving the initiates names k Took place in sacred places. Differences In Jewish community, i. Circumcision was a rite for boys while in African society it was for both boys and girls. But it was for boys in a few communities. Ii. Boys were circumcised when aged 8 days while in the African society; it was between 15 to 25 years old. Iii. Circumcision was for boy s organ while in African societies several forms of initiation were done, for example, removal of teeth, and body piercing among others. Iv.
Iii. Circumcision was for boy s organ while in African societies several forms of initiation were done, for example, removal of teeth, and body piercing among others. Iv. Circumcision was a command from God while for the African communities it was in obedience to customary law where ancestors were invoked to protect the initiates. Among the African societies v. Circumcision was a rite of passage from childhood to adulthood while for the Jews it was not. Vi. The initiates were given specialized education while the Jews were not. Vii. The initiates were grouped into age groups, and were secluded from the community while among the Jews it was not so. Viii. The rite of circumcision according to seasons while the Jews once a child is born, they are circumcised on the 8th day. Ix. After circumcision, the initiates were allowed to marry, enter a warrior group, own property but for the Jews the initiate was still a child. Questions 1.Explain why Abraham is referred to as the father of faith2. Give five actions from the life of Abraham that shows his faith to God 3. List some of the promises God gave to Abraham 4. Compare and contrast the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision 5. What is the importance of faith to Christians? 6. State the elements of a covenant 7. Give examples of covenants in the bible and the modern society 8. Discuss the circumstances that led God to enter into a covenant relationship with Abraham. LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL Introduction When the Israelites had settled in Canaan, they did not have an earthly King. Their unseen ruler was God. Such a community was called a Theocratic community. God ruled through some judges who were appointed. The role of judges in Israel 1. They led the Israelites into war against enemies such as the Philistines. 2. They settled disputes among the people. 3. They acted as spiritual leaders and officiated in worship. 4. They offered sacrifice on behalf of the people. 5. Some of the judges acted as the prophets of God. 6. The judges foretold the future. 7. The judges condemned the injustices in Israel. 8. They reminded the people of Gods ways. Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a King 1 Samuel 8:1-9 They demanded to be given a King because: - 1. Samuel had grown old.
They reminded the people of Gods ways. Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a King 1 Samuel 8:1-9 They demanded to be given a King because: - 1. Samuel had grown old. 2. He had imposed his sons Joel and Abijah as judges over the Israelites. 3. The two sons were not like their father for they lacked leadership skills. 4. They were corrupt and took bribes. 5. They wanted a King so that they would be like other nations in Canaan. 6. They wanted a stable political government ruled by law and order. 7. They had been influenced by political government of the Canaanites. 8. They wanted a king who would lead them into war against their enemies such as the Philistines and bring back the Ark that had been taken. 9. They wanted an earthly king who they could see and consult in time of problems Reasons against Kingship in Israel 1 Sam 8:10-20 Samuel was very upset by the request for a King because: 1. By demanding an earthly King, it meant that they had rejected Yahweh as their king. 2. They were going to lose their identity as Gods chosen people 3. The leaders to be appointed were going to lack leadership qualities. 4. The King would oppress them. 5. Some of their sons would be recruited to serve as soldiers in his army. 6. Others would be put into forced labor. 7. Their daughters would be put to work as cooks and perfumers. 8. The king would take the best of their flock. 9. The king would take their lands and good vineyards. 10.At that time, they would cry to God but God will not listen to them; the people refused to listen to Samuels warning and went ahead with their demand for a king. So the Lord told Samuel to do as they wanted. The Choosing of Saul as the first King of Israel 1Sam 9:10 After the Israelites had appealed to Samuel that they wanted a King, Samuel told the Lord what the people had said and the Lord instructed him to do, as they wanted. Saul the son of Kish was appointed as the first King of Israel. Achievements of King Saul 1. He was Gods choice who was to save the Israelites from the power of the Philistines. 2.
Achievements of King Saul 1. He was Gods choice who was to save the Israelites from the power of the Philistines. 2. He received the spirit of God, which made him to prophesy like one of the prophets of God. 3. He fought and conquered the Israelite e.g. the Amorites, the Moabites and the Amalekites. Failures of King Saul 1 Sam 13, 15, 18:6-9, 28:3-15, 3 1. He offered sacrifices to God at Gilgal yet he was not a priest. 2. He spared Agag the king of the Amalekites. 3. He spared the best sheep and cattle of the Amalekites for selfish gain. 4. He cheated Samuel that he wanted to offer the animals as sacrifice to God. 5. He listened to the voice of his subjects and army to spare the animals and Agag. 6. He became jealous and plotted to kill David. 7. He consulted a medium so that he could talk to the spirit of Samuel. 8. He killed the priest of God, 1 Sam 22. 9. He committed suicide when he went to war against the Philistines Lessons Learnt from the Failures of King Saul 1. Christians should obey Gods command and prophets 2. It is important to have faith in God. 3. A Christian needs to be patient. 4. Christians should not be influenced by greed for wealth and earthly desires. 5. God does not value incense sacrifice instead he is more pleased with obedience 6. Leaders need not to be jealous of others Saul was jealous and plotted to kill David. 7. There is need to respect every ones responsibility. 8. Saul never respected the position of Samuel. Choosing of David as the king of Israel 1sam 16:1-15 David was the son of Jesse from the tribe of Judah. God instructed Samuel to go and anoint David to succeed Saul as a King of Israel. Achievements of King David 1. He was chosen by God. God told Samuel to come and anoint him as king of Israel. 2. He was a skilled Musician and composed the book of Psalms that is used in the church even today 1Sam 16:14-23 . 3.
2. He was a skilled Musician and composed the book of Psalms that is used in the church even today 1Sam 16:14-23 . 3. He brought back the Ark of the Covenant from the house of Abinadab to Jerusalem with great celebration. The Ark had been taken away by the enemies. 2Sam 6:15 . 4. He conquered the city of Jerusalem and made it its capital city. 2sam; 5:6-25 . 5. He was a brilliant military commander. The name David means Army Commander. He waged successful wars against Moab, Ammor, Amelekite and Aram. 6. He killed Goliath who was a great warrior of the Philistines because he had great faith in God. 1Sam 17 . 7. He expanded the boundaries of Israel through military conquest. 8. He was a good administrator. He administered through law and justice to all people. He chose wise leaders to advise him. 9. David was a humble king who was ready to repent whenever he committed a sin. He repented after taking Uriahs wife. 2 Sam: 11 . 10.He was publicly anointed as a King of Israel. He was made king over Judah and was later accepted by the whole Israel. 11.He established good diplomatic relations with the surrounding nations for example;he signed a treaty with Syria and through the treaty Israel benefited both economically and politically. 12.He laid foundation of building the great temple which was later completed by Solomon. 2Sam 7:1-17 . 13.God promised to establish an everlasting kingdom for David where his descendants would live in peace. Jesus is a descendant of King David. 14. He united the Northern and Southern kingdom and made it into one nation. David as the ancestor of Jesus 2 Sam 1:29, Luke 1:26-33 Nathans prophesy about the Messiah is seen as having been fulfilled in the work of Jesus Christ in the following ways: - Jesus Christ who was the Messiah is seen as being born from Davids lineage. Mathew in the Genealogy of Jesus tells that Jesus was a descendant of King David. Matt 1:1 . Jesus was born in Bethlehem, which was referred to as the city of David.
Mathew in the Genealogy of Jesus tells that Jesus was a descendant of King David. Matt 1:1 . Jesus was born in Bethlehem, which was referred to as the city of David. Luke 2:4 In their sermons, the early apostles like Paul and Peter made a number of references to Jesus as a descendant of King David. Romans: 1:3-5 . The blind man at Jericho hailed Jesus as son of David and looked to him to restore his sight. Lk 18:35-36 . During Triumphant entry into Jerusalem, Jesus was hailed by the crowd as the Messiah descendant from the house of King David. Math. 21:9 . Angel Gabriel told Mary that the son would be great and will be called the son of the Most-High . Lk. 1:26-33 . Jesus foster father was a direct descendant of King David Qualities of a Good Leader drawn from David 1. Modern rulers should be courageous and ready to die with and for their subjects like David was a strong Military Commander. 2. Modern leaders should have faith in God and realize that authority comes from God. 3. Leaders should be thankful to God. David was thankful not only to God but also to his people. 4. Modern leaders should be loyal to their oath of office. David kept his without favoring some people. 5. Leaders should be kind. David was a kind leader. He pardoned many of those who had offended him. 6. A good leader should be humble. David was a humble person. He consulted Gods prophets. 7. A leader should be able to admit his mistakes. David realized his mistakes and asked for forgiveness. 8. Modern leaders should be willing to delegate duty as David did. David had a team of advisors and administrators. Achievements and failures of king Solomon After David died, his son Solomon took over as king in Israel. Achievements of king Solomon 1Kings 4:29, 3:16, 4:20-27, 10:14, 11:3 1. He was considered to have been a wise ruler. The wisdom was given by God. 2. He built the great temple and dedicated if for the service of the Lord. 3. He brought the Ark of the Covenant into the temple. 4. He established trade links with the neighbouring communities and made Israel a prosperous nation. 5.
Rehoboam told them to go and come after three days. He then went and consulted the elders who told him to do as the people had said. He ignored the advice of the elders and went to his fellow young men who advised him to be even harsher than his father was. When the people went back to him he said he refused to relax his rule. When the people heard this, they rebelled against him and established the Northern kingdom that came to be known as Israel with Jeroboam as the king. Importance of the Temple to the Jewish People 1.The temple symbolized Gods presence among the Israelites.2.It was a house where the Israelites offered prayers to God.3.It was the place where the first-born male children were dedicated to God.4.The temple was a place where the Israelites offered sacrifices to God.5.The Ark of the Covenant, which symbolized Gods presence, was kept in the temple.6.It was a place where the priests and prophets resided.7.The rites of purification were carried out in the temple.8.It acted as a symbol of unity in Israel.9.The Jewish ceremonies such as the Passover feast and the feast of the Tabernacle were formed in the temple.10.The temple also served as a commercial centre. The animals for sacrifice were brought in the temple.11.The temple acted as a court. The Jewish elders sat in the temple to judge cases. The Sanhedrin It acted as a training place for the priests, Rabiis and scribes. It was where the people were taught the Mosaic Laws.
GRADE 8 CREATIVE ARTS AND SPORTS NOTES STRAND ONE: FOUNDATIONS OF CREATIVE ARTS AND SPORTS Definition of creative arts and sport: Creative Arts This is a description of various artistic activities that allow performers to use their imaginations, creativity, and express ideas through a variety of mediums to passage a message to the audience. Sport A sport is any activity involving physical or mental effort combined with skills in which an individual or a team or teams compete against another or others for entertainment. Roles of creative arts and sports The roles of creative arts and sports are divided into two different types namely: - Economic roles - Social roles Social roles of creative arts and sports Creates a sense of identity-bring people together, creating shared experiences that help to foster a sense of community and collective identity. Creative arts and sports promote cohesion through teamwork. Through creative arts and sports culture is preserved-it ensures that our history and traditions are not forgotten, and that future generations can appreciate and learn from them. Creative arts and sports inspire creativity, talents and abilities. Creative arts and sports provide provides us with entertainment through components such as music, dance, drama, narratives, films and movies, various sports i.e., soccer, basketball, netball, volley ball. Help develop problem solving skills Learning resilience and perseverance Make one to gain confident Economic roles of creative arts and sports Creative arts and sports provide employment opportunities such as artists, musicians, referees, sports coaches, sports doctors, choreographers. Trainers, teachers etc. One can earn income through activities related to creative arts and sports hence eradicating poetry. Through creative arts and sports, a country can earn or generate tax revenue. Boosts revenue collection Creative arts and sports attract investments which in turn increases job opportunities. Creative arts and sports stimulate growth of economy through sectors such as tourism. Encourages tourism Create employment opportunitiesTourist attractions sites preservation of culture 1.2 Components of creative arts and sports Creative arts are made of the following components: Visual arts -creative art forms appreciated through sense of sight such as; Drawing. Painting. Sculpture. Montage. Collage Play - a written work that tells a story through action and speech and is meant to be acted on a stage.
Rhyme 8. Tone 9. MoodEndurance and agility of physical Agility This is the ability to move and change the direction and position of the body quickly and effectively while under control. It requires quick reflexes, coordination, balance, speed, and correct response to the changing situation. Agility training has been included in several endurance training programs. Maximum oxygen consumption rate is a direct measurement of an individual's endurance capacity and its relationship to agility has not been studied. Endurance- refers to your body's physical capability to sustain an exercise for an extended period. It's made up of two components: cardiovascular endurance muscular endurance. Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of your heart and lungs to fuel your body with oxygen Physical activities that build up endurance Brisk walking or jogging. Yard work mowing, raking Dancing. Swimming. Biking. Climbing stairs or hills. Playing tennis or basketball Pitch This is a property of a sound and especially a musical tone that is determined by the frequency of the waves producing it. Bass staff On the bass clef, the notes going through the lines on the staff from the bottom up are G, B, D, F and A. To make it easy to remember these notes, we use the sentence Good Boy Deserves Fruit Always . The notes going through the spaces on the bass clef from the bottom up are A, C, E, and G. 1. Lines: The lines of the bass staff, from bottom to top, correspond to the notes G, B, D, F, and A. A handy phrase to remember this is Good Boys Do Fine Always . 2. Spaces: The spaces, from the lowest to the highest, represent the notes A, C, E, and G. A ledger lineThis is a small line that extends the stave when we run out of room. With the ledger line drawn, we can place the A. Next, let's discuss the Bass Clef also called the F Clef . The staff line in between the two dots of the clef is F. Ledger lines G major scale piano G major is a musical key that has G as the tonic.
Eventually, the random motion of all the potassium permanganate particles results in the purple colour being equally dispersed throughout the water. The process appears slow as the dissolved particles collide with the water molecules and each other, slowing their progress. Changes of state of matter A change of state is a physical change in a matter. They are reversible changes and do not involve any changes in the chemical makeup of the matter. Common changes of the state include melting, freezing, sublimation, deposition, condensation, and vaporization. Why matter states changes It is possible that we have seen changes in the state of matter as the ice cubes melt into liquid water, or when the water boils and turns into vapour but have we ever thought about the reason behind this? The changing states of matter occur as the matter absorbs or loses energy. When an object absorbs energy, molecules and atoms accelerate their movement and this increased energy kinetics can push particles so that they alter their state. The energy that is absorbed is typically thermal or heat energy. Changing States of Matter There are generally three types of matter: liquid, solid, and gas. In the solid state, the particles or molecules are tightly together which is why they possess an intenseintermolecular force of attraction. The liquid states of particles, however, are apart from one another and thus have less force to attract them. In the case of gas, the particles are extremely far from one another and exhibit a negligible force of attraction. If there are changes in the temperature or pressure of a material, the change of states of matter takes place. The state of matter can be changed by changing temperature and pressure. The impact of temperature changes on states of matter shifting will be directly related to changes in the interaction between molecules that make up the substance. If the temperature drops, particles can soften into a robust structure. The diagram below depicts the change of states of matter through different types of processes taking place in those states: Here to understand this phenomenon we can take an example of the conversion of ice into water. In this conversion, the ice which is a solid form of water gets changed into water which is the liquid form itself. This change in the state occurs due to a process known as melting, and in this process, when kept at a higher temperature the solid ice gets converted into liquid water. In melting, mainly the liquefaction of ice takes place.