a new method for roots of monic quaternionic quadratic polynomial the purpose of this paper is to show how the problem of finding roots or zeros of the monic quaternionic quadratic polynomials mqqp can be solved by its equivalent real quadratic form the real quadratic form matrices firstly defined in this paper are used to form a simple equivalent real quadratic form of mqqp some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of roots of mqqp are also presented the main idea of the practical method proposed in this work can be summarized in two steps translating mqqp into its equivalent real quadratic form and giving directly the quaternionic roots of mqqp by solving its equivalent real quadratic form

asymptotic behavior for the navier stokes equations in 2d exterior domains we show that the lp spatial temporal decay rates of solutions of incompressible flow in an 2d exterior domain when a domain has a boundary pressure term makes an obstacle since we do not have enough information on the pressure term near the boundary to overcome the difficulty we adopt the ideas in he xin c he z xin weighted estimates for nonstationary navier stokes equations in exterior domain methods appl anal 7 3 2000 443 458 and our previous results h o bae b j jin asymptotic behavior of stokes solutions in 2d exterior domains j math fluid mech in press h o bae b j jin temporal and spatial decay rates of navier stokes solutions in exterior domains submitted for publication for the spatial decay rate estimate we first extend temporal decay rate result of the navier stokes solutions for general lp space when the initial velocity is in l 2 lr 1 r q 1 r q

weighted estimates for the incompressible fluid in exterior domains for a strong solution u x t of the navier stokes equations in exterior domain in rn where n 2 3 we study the time decay of x u t lp for n when a domain has a boundary pressure term makes an obstacle since we do not have enough information on the pressure term near the boundary to overcome the difficulty we adopt the ideas in h o bae b j jin temporal and spatial decay rates of navier stokes solutions in exterior domains bull korean math soc 44 3 2007 547 567 h o bae b j jin asymptotic behavior for the navier stokes solutions in 2d exterior domains j funct anal 240 2006 508 529 and we will extend bae and jin s results by modifying their methods

spatial stability of 3d exterior stationary navier stokes flows abstract in this paper we study the stability of stationary solutions w for the navier stokes flows in an exterior domain with zero velocity at infinity with suitable assumptions of w by the works of chen 1993 kozono ogawa 1994 and borchers miyakawa 1995 if u 0 w l r l 3 then one can obtain u t w p o t 3 2 1 r 1 p for 1 r p u t w p o t 3 2 1 r 1 p 1 2 for 1 r p 3 where u x t is a solution of the navier stokes equations with the initial condition u 0 in this paper we will prove that for any 0 3 if x u 0 w belongs to l r then one has x u t w l p o t 3 2 1 r 1 p 2 for p 3 r 3 r

on weighted norm estimates for nonstationary incompressible navier stokes flows in a 3d exterior domain abstract we study the time decay of weighted norms of weak and strong solutions to the navier stokes equations in a 3d exterior domain moment estimates for weak solutions and weighted l q estimates for strong solutions are deduced both of which seem to be optimal the relation is discussed between the space time decay and the vanishing of the total net force exerted by the fluid to the body a class of initial data is given so that the total net force associated to the corresponding fluid flows does not vanish

decay results of higher order norms for the navier stokes flows in 3d exterior domains using the nonstationary stokes solution formula and the regularity theory of the steady stokes equations we establish the decay results including the weighted cases of higher order spatial derivatives for the navier stokes flows in 3d exterior domains which is a long standing problem the higher order norm weighted decay results in this article are inspired by the work in bae and jin proc r soc edinburgh sect a 135 461 477 2005 schonbek and wiegner proc r soc edinburgh sect a 126 677 685 1996 respectively which are considered in the whole space

computing the zeros of quaternion polynomials abstract a method is developed to compute the zeros of a quaternion polynomial with all terms of the form q k x k this method is based essentially in niven s algorithm 1 which consists of dividing the polynomial by a characteristic polynomial associated to a zero the information about the trace and the norm of the zero is obtained by an original idea which requires the companion matrix associated to the polynomial the companion matrix is represented by a matrix with complex entries three numerical examples using mathematica 2 2 version are given

optimal weighted estimates of the flows in exterior domains abstract in this paper we prove some decay properties of global solutions for the navier stokes equations in an exterior domain r n n 2 3 when a domain has a boundary the pressure term is troublesome since we do not have enough information on the pressure near the boundary to overcome this difficulty by multiplying a special form of test functions we obtain an integral equation he xin 2000 12 first introduced this method and then bae jin 2006 2007 1 13 modified their method to obtain better decay rates also bae roh 2009 11 improved bae jin s results unfortunately their results were not optimal because there exists an unpleasant positive small in their rates in this paper we obtain the following optimal rate without x u t l p c t n 2 1 r 1 p 2 for the initial condition u 0 with x u 0 l r and for any n

quaternions and matrices of quaternions abstract we give a brief survey on quaternions and matrices of quaternions present new proofs for certain known results and discuss the quaternionic analogues of complex matrices the methods of converting a quaternion matrix to a pair of complex matrices and homotopy theory are emphasized

music algorithm for vector sensors array using biquaternions in this paper we use a biquaternion formalism to model vector sensor signals carrying polarization information this allows a concise and elegant way of handling signals with eight dimensional 8 d vector valued samples using this model we derive a biquaternionic version of the well known array processing music algorithm and we show its superiority to classically used long vector approach new results on biquaternion valued matrix spectral analysis are presented of particular interest for the biquaternion music bq music algorithm is the decomposition of the spectral matrix of the data into orthogonal subspaces we propose an effective algorithm to compute such an orthogonal decomposition of the observation space via the eigenvalue decomposition evd of a hermitian biquaternionic matrix by means of a newly defined quantity the quaternion adjoint matrix the bq music estimator is derived and simulation results illustrate its performances compared with two other approaches in polarized antenna processing lv music and psa music the proposed algorithm is shown to be superior in several aspects to the existing approaches compared with lv music the bq music algorithm is more robust to modelization errors and coherent noise while it can detect less sources in comparaison with psa music our approach exhibits more accurate estimation of direction of arrival doa for a small number of sources while keeping the polarization information accessible

on l 1 summability and asymptotic profiles for smooth solutions to navier stokes equations in a 3d exterior domain the exterior nonstationary problem is studied for the 3d navier stokes equations the l1 summability is proved for smooth solutions which correspond to initial data satisfying certain symmetry and moment conditions the result is then applied to show that such solutions decay in time more rapidly than observed in general furthermore an asymptotic expansion is deduced and a lower bound estimate is given for the rates of decay in time

level statistics of words finding keywords in literary texts and symbolic sequences using a generalization of the level statistics analysis of quantum disordered systems we present an approach able to extract automatically keywords in literary texts our approach takes into account not only the frequencies of the words present in the text but also their spatial distribution along the text and is based on the fact that relevant words are significantly clustered i e they self attract each other while irrelevant words are distributed randomly in the text since a reference corpus is not needed our approach is especially suitable for single documents for which no a priori information is available in addition we show that our method works also in generic symbolic sequences continuous texts without spaces thus suggesting its general applicability

l q l r estimates for solutions of the nonstationary stokes equations in an exterior domain and the navier stokes initial value problems inl q spaces

the classification and the computation of the zeros of quaternionic two sided polynomials already for a long time it is known that quaternionic polynomials whose coefficients are located only at one side of the powers may have two classes of zeros isolated zeros and spherical zeros only recently a classification of the two types of zeros and a means to compute all zeros of such polynomials have been developed in this investigation we consider quaternionic polynomials whose coefficients are located at both sides of the powers and we show that there are three more classes of zeros defined by the rank of a certain real 4 4 matrix this information can be used to find all zeros in the same class if only one zero in that class is known the essential tool is the description of the polynomial p by a matrix equation p z a z z b z where a z is a real 4 4 matrix determined by the coefficients of the given polynomial p and p z b are real column vectors with four rows this representation allows also to include two sided polynomials which contain several terms of the same degree we applied newton s method to p z 0 this method turned out to be a very effective tool in finding the zeros this method allowed also to prove that the essential number of zeros of a quaternionic two sided polynomial p of degree n is in general not bounded by n we conjecture that the bound is 2n there are various examples

roots of quaternion polynomials theory and computation abstract a quaternion polynomial f t in the single variable t is one whose coefficients are in the skew field h of quaternions in this manuscript an elementary proof is given of the fact that such an f has a root in h moreover an algorithm is proposed for finding all roots of f t along with their multiplicities the algorithm is based on computing the real part of first and then using the multiplication rule in h the imaginary part of is computed via a linear quaternion equation several numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the performance of the method

long time behavior for navier stokes flows in a two dimensional exterior domain abstract there are several long standing problems on the incompressible navier stokes flows in 2d exterior domains which claim how to characterize l 1 summability of the 2d n s flows whether the total net force exerted on the boundary is finite and how to establish decay results of higher order spatial derivatives including the weighted cases in order to solve these questions we firstly find some types of new technical inequalities which are used to overcome the difficulties caused by the domain boundary using l q l r properties for nonstationary stokes flows together with elliptic estimates for the steady stokes system we can avoid the strong singularity and answer these mentioned problems completely it should be pointed out that main results in this article are motivated by the works in 5 37 respectively

decay rates for the incompressible navier stokes flows in 3d exterior domains abstract the exterior nonstationary problem is studied for the 3d navier stokes equations for which the associated total net force to the boundary may not vanish the time decay properties of the strong solution including the first and second derivatives are shown in l q and weighted spaces in particular the relation of weighted l 1 summability for smooth solutions is discussed in details between the time decay and the total net force exerted by the fluid to the body the conclusions in this article improve and extend results in h bae b jin asymptotic behavior for the navier stokes equations in 2d exterior domains j funct anal 240 2006 508 529 h bae b jin temporal and spatial decay rates of navier stokes solutions in exterior domains bull korean math soc 44 2007 547 567 and in c he t miyakawa on l 1 summability and asymptotic profiles for smooth solutions to navier stokes equations in a 3d exterior domain math z 245 2003 387 417 c he t miyakawa on weighted norm estimates for nonstationary incompressible navier stokes flows in a 3d exterior domain j differential equations 246 2009 2355 2386 respectively

large time behavior for the nonstationary navier stokes flows in the half space abstract asymptotic behavior of higher order spatial derivatives in l r is established for incompressible navier stokes flows in the half space which is a long time unsolved problem the main tools employed for solving this problem are the nonstationary stokes solution formula and the a priori estimates of the steady stokes system in the half space another main result is devoted to studying time l 1 decay and a partial answer to this open problem is given by means of a crucial and new estimate for the stokes flow two theorem 1 1 theorem 1 2 in this article can be regarded as a great improvement and powerful extension of the work in 6 38

weighted decay properties for the incompressible stokes flow and navier stokes equations in a half space abstract using the stokes solution formula and l q l r estimates of the stokes operator semigroup we establish the weighted decay properties for the stokes flow and navier stokes equations including their spatial derivatives in half spaces in addition the unboundedness of the projection operator p l r n l r n is overcome by employing a decomposition for the nonlinear term and l asymptotic behavior for the second derivatives of navier stokes flows in half spaces is given