correlation factors describing primary and spatial sensations of sound fields abstract the theory of subjective preference of the sound field in a concert hall is established based on the model of human auditory brain system the model consists of the autocorrelation function acf mechanism and the interaural crosscorrelation function iacf mechanism for signals arriving at two ear entrances and the specialization of human cerebral hemispheres this theory can be developed to describe primary sensations such as pitch or missing fundamental loudness timbre and in addition duration sensation which is introduced here as a fourth these four primary sensations may be formulated by the temporal factors extracted from the acf associated with the left hemisphere and spatial sensations such as localization in the horizontal plane apparent source width and subjective diffuseness are described by the spatial factors extracted from the iacf associated with the right hemisphere any important subjective responses of sound fields may be described by both temporal and spatial factors

kronecker products of representations of exceptional lie groups a technique is described for evaluating kronecker products of irreducible representations of an exceptional lie group g the method depends upon the natural embedding in g of a classical lie subgroup h the problem is reduced to that of finding the branching of one irreducible representation of g on restriction to h evaluating kronecker products in h and finally using the modification rules appropriate to g

convexity algorithms in parallel coordinates with a system of parallel coordinates objects in r n can be represented with planar graphs i e planar diagrams for arbitrary n 21 in r 2 embedded in the projective plane parallel coordinates induce a point line duality this yields a new duality between bounded and unbounded convex sets and hstars a generalization of hyperbolas as well as a duality between convex union convex merge and intersection from these results algorithms for constructing the intersection and convex merge of convex polygons in o n time and the convex hull on the plane in o log n for real time and o n log n worst case construction where n is the total number of points are derived by virtue of the duality these algorithms also apply to polygons whose edges are a certain class of convex curves these planar constructions are studied prior to exploring generalizations to n dimensions the needed results on parallel coordinates are given first

inverse branching rules a method is given for inverting branching rules which is based on a technique for computing kronecker products due to king 1981 this approach simplifies the calculation of plethysms and branching rules of representations of exceptional groups it may also be applied to basic spin plethysms

young tableau methods for kronecker products of representations of the classical groups diagrammatic methods for decomposing kronecker products of arbitrary representations of any of the classical groups are presented for convenience efficient ways of computing the dimensions and quadratic casimir s c2 r are also given these methods seem more useful for hand calculations than the method of schur functions or characteristic polynomials an appendix presents the kronecker products for any two representations of dimension 100

sound quality characteristics of refrigerator noise in real living environments with relation to psychoacoustical and autocorrelation function parameters psychoacoustical and autocorrelation function acf parameters were employed to describe the temporal fluctuations of refrigerator noise during starting transition into from the stationary phase and termination of operation the temporal fluctuations of refrigerator noise include a click at start up followed by a rapid increase in volume a change of pitch and termination of the operation subjective evaluations of the noise of 24 different refrigerators were conducted in a real living environment the relationship between objective measures and perceived noisiness was examined by multiple regression analysis sound quality indices were developed based on psychoacoustical and acf parameters the psychoacoustical parameters found to be important for evaluating noisiness in the stationary phase were loudness and roughness the relationship between noisiness and acf parameters shows that sound energy and its fluctuations are important for evaluating noisiness also refrigerator sounds that had a fluctuat

dissimilarity judgments in relation to temporal and spatial factors for the sound field in an existing hall in relation to the temporal and spatial factors of sound fields dissimilarity judgments for different source locations on a stage were performed this study is based on the model of the auditory brain system which consists of the autocorrelation and crosscorrelation mechanisms for sound signals arriving at two ears and the specialization of human cerebral hemispheres there are three temporal factors 1 1 and e extracted from the autocorrelation function and four spatial factors ll iacc iacc and w iacc from the interaural crosscorrelation function of binaural signals in addition to these temporal and spatial factors the orthogonal factors of the subjective preference for sound field t 1 and t sub were taken into account the psychological distance between sound fields of different source locations on the stage were calculated by using these temporal spatial and orthogonal factors of sound fields using these distances and their linear combination dissimilarity can be calculated results of multivariable analysis show that the calculated scale values of dissimilarity agree well with the measured scale values

composite young diagrams supercharacters of u m n and modification rules the supercharacter of u m n associated with an arbitrary composite young diagram is defined the distinction is made between standard and non standard supercharacters a modification rule is presented which may be used to express any non standard supercharacter in terms of standard supercharacters in the case n 0 the rule reduces to the rule already known to be appropriate to u m

nonlinear response in evaluating the subjective diffuseness of sound fields tests were conducted to determine which horizontal reflection angles are most effective in stimulating subjective diffuseness for a listener in a room paired comparison tests were carried out where subjects were asked to judge in which of two sound fields they perceived more diffuseness results show that the most effective horizontal angle depends on the frequency of the one third octave band noise as is indicated by the interaural cross correlation the remarkable finding in this investigation is that the scale value of subjective diffuseness may be formulated in terms of the 3 2 power of the magnitude of interaural cross correlation iacc and that the scale value does not vary with the frequency of the bandpass noise source

multidimensional lines i representation based on a system of parallel coordinates a methodology for visualizing multivariate relations i e subsets of r n by mapping them uniquely into indexed subsets of r 2 was introduced earlier here the foundations for the representation mapping in general are given and the representation of lines in r n by n 1 planar points indexed by a pair of distinct integers from 0 1 2 cdots n in r 2 is obtained this yields construction and display algorithms for the representation of lines points on lines changes of parameterization and line transformations

measurement of regional environmental noise by use of a pc based system an application to the noise near airport g marconi in bologna abstract measurements of aircraft noise were made at the airport g marconi in bologna by using a measurement system for regional environmental noise the system is based on the model of the human auditory brain system which is based on the interplay of autocorrelators and an interaural cross correlator acting on the pressure signals arriving at the ear entrances and takes into account the specialization of left and right human cerebral hemispheres see reference 8 measurements were taken through dual microphones at ear entrances of a dummy head the aircraft noise was characterized with the following physical factors calculated from the autocorrelation function acf and interaural cross correlation function iacf for binaural signals from the acf analysis 1 energy represented at the origin of delay 0 2 effective duration of the envelope of the normalized acf e 3 the delay time of the first peak 1 and 4 its amplitude 1were extracted from the iacf analysis 5 iacc 6 interaural delay time at which the iacc is defined iacc and 7 width of the iacf at the iacc wiaccwere extracted the factor 0 can be represented as the geometrical mean of the energies at both ears a noise source may be identified by these factors as timbre

the frequency range applicable to pitch identification based upon the auto correlation function model abstract pitch identification experiments were conducted to determine the upper boundary of the frequency range within which the autocorrelation function acf model described by ando see reference 16 is applicable to the phenomenon of the missing fundamental of a complex tone pitch matching tests were conducted using 1 complex tones consisting of 2 f 3 f and 4 f where f denotes the fundamental frequencies of 0 5 1 0 1 2 1 6 2 0 or 3 0 khz and 2 complex tones consisting of 2 f and 3 f these tests showed that for both kinds of complex tones the acf model can account for the perception of pitch when the fundamental frequency is below 1200 hz

acoustical properties of aircraft noise measured by temporal and spatial factors abstract acoustical properties of aircraft noise were investigated by means of temporal and spatial factors in sound fields based on the model of auditory brain system see reference 10 the model consists of the autocorrelation and crosscorrelation mechanisms for sound signals arriving at two ears and the specialization of human cerebral hemisphere there are four temporal factors extracted from the autocorrelation function acf 1 sound energy 0 2 effective duration of acf e 3 delay time of the first peak 1 and 4 its amplitude 1 from the interaural crosscorrelation function iacf three spatial factors are extracted as 1 magnitude of the interaural crosscorrelation iacc 2 interaural delay time at iacc iacc and 3 width of the maximum peak of the iacf wiacc it is found that the acoustical properties are well represented by the factors extracted from the acf and the iacf

duration sensation when listening to bandpass noises abstract the duration sensation of bandpass noise was examined while changing the factors 1 1and e extracted from the autocorrelation function the white noise and bandpass noises with six center frequencies 125 250 500 1000 2000 and 4000 hz with different bandwidths were used as stimuli a paired comparison test comparing the white noise duration with bandpass noise duration was conducted under the conditions of constant sound pressure level spl 80 db a and rise and fall times 1 ms results indicate that the duration of bandpass noise is judged to be longer than that of the white noise the duration sensation of the bandpass stimuli with longer 1is significantly longer than that of the stimuli with shorter 1 p

duration sensation of the simulated environmental noise in relation to its auto correlation function this is the report of an investigation into the sensation of the duration of environmental noise simulated by mixing a pure tone 1 khz with white noise in paired comparison tests five subjects judged whether simulated environmental noise stimuli were longer or shorter than a standard pure tone stimulus with the same sound pressure level and rise fall time in experiment i the attenuation level o m of the envelope of the normalized autocorrelation function acf i e the repetition of similar features in the stimulus was varied by changing the relative amplitude of the pure tone and white noise components results show that the sensation of duration of the white noise stimulus with a small value of o m is significantly p 0 05 longer than a pure tone stimulus with a higher value of o m results of experiment 2 showed that the duration of pure tone stimuli with lower frequencies as presented by the 1 extracted from the acf are perceived as being longer p 0 01 than those of pure tone stimuli with higher frequencies

s function series revisited a systematic and readily programmable computational method is given to extract the s function content of any arbitrary symmetric polynomial function applications to the derivation of new series and the outer product or skew division of an s function by a series are shown

young diagrams supercharacters of osp m n and modification rules the supercharacter of osp m n associated with an arbitrary young diagram is defined the distinction is made between osp m n standard and non standard supercharacters the corresponding modification rule which may be used to express a non standard supercharacter in terms of standard supercharacters is presented exemplified and proved this rule involves the removal of n 2 1 boundary strips from the young diagram in the case n 0 the rule reduces to the well known rule appropriate to o m for a non standard supercharacter corresponding to a typical irreducible representation of osp m n the modification yields a single typical standard supercharacter on the other hand for a non standard supercharacter corresponding to an atypical irreducible representation the rule yields a linear combination of atypical standard supercharacters

old and new straight line detectors description and comparison straight line detection is important in several fields such as robotics remote sensing and imagery the objective of this paper is to present several methods old and new used for straight line detection we begin by reviewing the standard hough transform sht then three new methods are suggested the revisited hough transform rht the parallel axis transform pat and the circle transform ct these transforms utilize a point line duality to detect straight lines in an image the rht and the pat should be faster than the sht and the ct because they use line segments whereas the sht uses sinusoids and ct uses circles moreover the pat rht and ct use additions and multiplications whereas the sht uses trigonometric functions sine and cosine for calculation to compare the methods we analyze the distribution of the frequencies in the accumulators and observe the effect on the detection of false local maxima we also compare the robustness to noise of the four transforms finally an example with a real image is given

preliminary study on recommended time duration of source signals to be analyzed in relation to its effective duration of the auto correlation function abstract a workable model of human auditory brain system including the auto correlation function acf and the interaural cross correlation function iacf has been reported 1 subjective evaluations can be described by physical factors extracted from both the acf of sound source and the iacf the purpose of this study is to find a recommended integration time 2 t r by using several noise and sound sources existing in an office results show the most suitable integration interval from the viewpoints of the loudness and the pitch can be determined in relation to the effective duration e of the sound source

on the cocharacter sequence of 3 3 matrices abstract let m 3 f be the algebra of 3 3 matrices with involution over a field f of characteristic zero we study the polynomial identities of m 3 f where t is the transpose involution through the representation theory of the hyperoctahedral group b n after decomposing the space of multilinear polynomial identities of degree n under the b n action we determine which irreducible b n modules appear with non zero multiplicity in symbols we write the nth cocharacter n m 3 f r 0 n r h 6 n r h 3 m where and are partitions of r and n r respectively is the irreducible b n character associated to the pair and m 0 is the corresponding multiplicity we prove that for any n the multiplicities m are always non zero except the trivial case 1 6 and

symmetrised powers of rotation group representations the results given permit the unambiguous evaluation of all possible kronecker products of the irreducible representations tensor and spinor of on and son for n 2 nu and n 2 nu 1 a complete resolution of the second and third powers of the basic spinor representations of so2 nu and so2 nu 1 is given together with a prescription for analysing the fourth power of these representations detailed application is made to the enumeration of properties of so10 relevant to grand unified theories and sufficient information given to resolve the fourth power of any representation of so10

a formal inverse to the cayley hamilton theorem abstract we prove that a q algebra r with formal trace can be realized as n n matrices if and only if it satisfies the cayley hamilton identity of degree n

vertex operators and composite supersymmetric s functions the s function basis for the fock space of vertex operator constructions is considered where states are associated with partitions mod lambda the authors show that the matrix element lambda mod valpha z mod mu is essentially given by the composite s function slambda mu z where the argument z identical to z 1 is replicated mod alpha mod times matrix elements of products of vertex operators lambda mod valpha z v beta w mod mu are given up to functions of z w independent of lambda and mu by the composite supersymmetric s function slambda mu z w where the z w are replicated mod alpha mod mod beta mod times the supersymmetric arguments being those associated with negative roots

a hidden line algorithm for hyperspace an object space hidden line algorithm for higher dimensional scenes has been designed and implemented scenes consist of convex hulls of any dimension each of which is compared against the edges of all convex hulls not eliminated by a hyperdimensional clipper a depth test after sorting and a minimax text hidden and visible elements are determined in accordance with the dimensionality of the selected viewing hyperspace when shape alone is the attribute of interest hidden line elimination need be performed only in that hyperspace the algorithm is of value in the production of shadows of hyperdimensional models including but not limited to four dimensional space time models the hyperdimensional elementary catastrophe models and multivariate statistical models

multidimensional lines ii proximity and applications in inselberg and dimsdale siam j appl math 54 1994 pp 559 577 it was shown that in coordinates any line in r n can be represented by n 1 planar points indexed by a pair of distinct integers from 0 1 2 cdots n based on this representation proximity properties and construction algorithms are obtained they include i an algorithm constructing the intersection between two lines and displaying the common point when it exists and ii construction and display of the points where the minimum l 1 distance between two lines occurs from this representation tight estimates for the analogous results with the euclidean l 2 are provided to study line proximity line neighborhoods for a topology are proposed results indicate that there are ambiguities in line detection for orthogonal coordinates that are eliminated in parallel coordinates an application to air traffic control for an information display and an algorithm for collision avoidance are illustrated

the representation space of the nuclear symplectic sp 6 r shell model the problem of obtaining the sp 6 r irreducible representations that arise from the symmetrized products of a copies of the fundamental representation of sp 6 r is considered a simple method is developed that rapidly leads to the determination of the sp 6 r content up to a prescribed cut off in practical calculations a is identified with the nucleon number it is shown that for a given excitation energy cut off n omega and sufficiently large a the number and multiplicities of the sp 6 r irreducible representations is fixed and the content can be expressed in an a independent manner complete results are given for n or 16 there is no difficulty in principle in going to higher excitations and details are given for determining the sp 6 r content for a or 16

the theory of angular momenta and higher su n symmetries the authors discuss interrelations between generating invariants gi for the reduction pi mi 1 d pi to d on 1 of the m fold tensor product of su n irreducible representations irreps d pi and polynominal bases of the su m irreps d on 1j om n 1 ok 0 0 0 k times a realisation of the su m irrep d oj om 3 bases is given in terms of gi for su 2 coupling wigner coefficients as a byproduct an expression is obtained for su 2 6 j symbols in terms of only two wigner coefficients the authors also discuss some possibilities of the analysis involved in solving the wigner biedenharn problem construction of orthonormal sets of the wigner coefficients for su n groups n or 3

matrix algebras with involution and standard polynomial identities in symmetric variables abstract let m be a positive integer and m 2 m f be the algebra of 2 m 2 m matrices over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero f endowed with the transpose or the symplectic involution in this paper we construct a basis b of m 2 m f over f such that b is a group whose elements are symmetric or skew with respect to the given involution moreover all elements of this basis commute or anti commute among themselves the construction is based on a specific irreducible representation of b an extra special 2 group as an application this basis solves the problem on finding the minimal degree of a standard polynomial identity in symmetric variables of m 2 m f s where s is the symplectic involution

on the concept of depth for functional data the statistical analysis of functional data is a growing need in many research areas in particular a robust methodology is important to study curves which are the output of many experiments in applied statistics as a starting point for this robust analysis we propose analyze and apply a new definition of depth for functional observations based on the graphic representation of the curves given a collection of functions it establishes the centrality of an observation and provides a natural center outward ordering of the sample curves robust statistics such as the median function or a trimmed mean function can be defined from this depth definition its finite dimensional version provides a new depth for multivariate data that is computationally feasible and useful for studying high dimensional observations thus this new depth is also suitable for complex observations such as microarray data images and those arising in some recent marketing and financial studies natural properties of these

demazure characters and wzw fusion rules the demazure character formula is applied to the verlinde formula for the fusion rules of wess zumino witten wzw models we follow littelmann s derivation of a generalized littlewood richardson rule that computes tensor products for simple lie algebras a combinatorial rule for wzw fusions does not result however only a modified version of the littlewood richardson rule is obtained that computes an old upper bound on the fusion coefficients of ar wzw models we argue that this is because the characters of simple lie algebras appear in this treatment instead of the corresponding affine characters the bruhat order on the affine weyl group must be implicated in any combinatorial rule for wzw fusions the bruhat order on subgroups of this group such as the finite weyl group does not suffice

annoyance of noise stimuli in relation to the spatial factors extracted from the interaural cross correlation function abstract while considering auditory brain model for subjective responses effects of spatial factors extracted from the interaural cross correlation function iacf on annoyance of noise stimuli are examined the previously developed indices to measure sound pressure levels spl and frequency characteristics cannot fully explain the psychological effects of noise in the first experiment subjects judged their annoyance by changing fluctuations in the magnitude of interaural cross correlation function iacc and the spl in the second they judged their annoyance by changing fluctuations in the interaural time delay iacc and the spl results show that 1 annoyance increased by increasing the fluctuations of iacc as well as the spl 2 annoyance increased by increasing the fluctuations of iacc as well as the spl

loudness of subcritical sounds as a function of bandwidth center frequency and level level differences at equal loudness between band pass noise and pure tones with a frequency equal to the center frequency of the noise were measured in normal hearing listeners using a loudness matching procedure the center frequencies were 750 1500 and 3000 hz and noise bandwidths from 5 to 1620 hz were used the level of the reference pure tone was 30 50 or 70 db for all center frequencies and reference levels the level at equal loudness was close to 0 db for the narrowest bandwidth increased with bandwidth for bandwidths smaller than the critical bandwidth and decreased for bandwidths larger than the critical bandwidth for bandwidths considerably larger than the critical bandwidth the level difference was negative the maximum positive level difference was measured for a bandwidth close to the critical bandwidth this maximum level difference decreased with increasing reference level a similar effect was found when the level differences were derived from data of an additional categorical loudness scaling experiment the results indicate that the decrease of loudness at equal level with increasing subcritical bandwidth is a common property of the auditory system which is not taken into account in current loudness models

the loudness of complex noise in relation to the factors extracted from the auto correlation function abstract the loudness of complex signals which include bandpass noises with different center frequencies complex noise is examined while changing the effective duration of the autocorrelation function e based on a model of the human auditory brain system for subjective response to a sound field the center frequencies of each component of the complex noises were 2000 and 3000 hz so that the perceived pitch was centered on 1000 hz the bandwidth of each component was changed by using a 2068 db octave sharp filter to control the e of the source signal the scale values for the loudness of the complex noises were obtained using a paired comparison method the results showed that the loudness increases with the eof the source signal similar to that of the single noise component centered on 1000 hz the loudness of complex noises having equal sound pressure levels is not constant within the critical band 160 hz

a classification of multiplicity free actions abstract the action of a complex algebraic groupgon an affine varietyvis said to be multiplicity free if each irreducible representation ofgoccurs at most once in the ring c v of regular functions onv this paper concerns the classical setting wherevis a vector space andgacts linearly onv the irreducible linear multiplicity free actions have been classified by v kac the focus here is on nonirreducible linear multiplicity free actions we exhibit many such actions which do not decompose as direct products of irreducible actions our main results provide a classification for all linear multiplicity free actions on a vector space

interaural correlation discrimination i bandwidth and level dependence measurements of interaural cross correlation jnds from two reference correlations at several bandwidths were obtained for constant total power and constant spectral power gaussian noise at a reference correlation of 1 the results indicate that for bandwidths less than or equal to 115 hz the jnd remains at a constant value of approximately 0 004 and monotonically increases discrimination performance degrades to approximately 0 04 as bandwidth increases above 115 hz at a reference correlation of 0 the jnd decreases discrimination performance improves from approximately 0 7 to 0 35 as the bandwidth increases from 3 to 115 hz and remains at a constant value of approximately 0 35 for bandwidths greater than 115 hz a decrease in the spectral level causes an increase in the jnds at a reference correlation of 1 and no change in the jnds at a reference correlation of 0 of the three models tested none is able to completely describe all of the empirical results

embeddings for the jordan algebra of a bilinear form abstract let k be a field of characteristic zero and let j be a jordan algebra with a formal trace we prove that the algebra j can be embedded into a jordan algebra of a non degenerate symmetric bilinear form over some associative and commutative k algebra c if and only if j satisfies all trace identities of the jordan algebra of a non degenerate symmetric bilinear form over the field k this is an extension of results of procesi and berele concerning the analogous problem for the associative matrix algebras and the matrix algebras with involution as a consequence of these results we also prove that the ideal of all trace identities of the jordan algebra of a non degenerate symmetric bilinear form over k satisfies the specht property

unitary representations branching rules and matrix elements for the non compact symplectic groups the complementarity of the symplectic and orthogonal groups is used to infer properties of the infinite dimensional unirreps of the former from the character theory of the latter the complete set of d series metaplectic unirreps of sp n r is identified and branching rules are given for their restrictions to the maximal compact subgroup u n developed in terms of the properties of schur functions a known algorithm for the evaluation of matrix elements of the sp 3 r lie algebra is extended to any sp n r and analytic expressions are given for important classes of unirreps and multiplicity free states

cues for localization in the median plane as extracted from the auto correlation function abstract this study evaluates using factors extracted from the autocorrelation function acf as cues for sound localization of the median plane the amplitude of the transfer function for sound incident from the median plane to the ear entrances measured see reference 6 is translated into the acf it is shown that the sound localization in the median plane can be characterized by factors extracted from the acf these cues are the effective duration of the normalized acf e the delay time of the first peak 1 and its amplitude 1

natural labelling schemes for simple roots and irreducible representations of exceptional lie algebras the simple root system of each exceptional simple lie algebra is explicitly constructed in a variety of forms each construction is based on the natural embedding in the exceptional algebra of a classical semi simple algebra of the same rank the procedure adopted leads to the discovery of a number of new chains of subalgebras illustrated by means of supplemented dynkin diagrams the various sets of simple roots are then used to determine natural labels for the irreducible representations of each of the exceptional algebras for each such labelling scheme the modification rules for dealing with non standard representation labels are tabulated the connection between the natural labels and dynkin labels is given in detail and a comparison is made with the labels of b g wybourne and m j bowick 1977

asymptotics in cocharacters of simple algebras with involution abstract we compute the asymptotics of the colength and maximal multiplicity sequences of simple algebras with involution

measurement of sound transmission by hall doors acoustical properties of sound transmission through to all doors were investigated by measuring and calculating temporal and spatial factors in sound fields based on the model of the auditory brain system see reference 4 to describe acoustical properties of the effect of doors measurements were carried out obtaining five orthogonal factors these are 1 sound pressure level spl 2 the magnitude of the interaural cross correlation iacc 3 subsequent reverberation time t sub 4 interaural time delay iacc and 5 the width of the iacc function w iacc in order to describe subjective responses in the receiving room not only the difference of spl but also other factors for example iacc and t sub can be measured at the same time

representing points in many dimensions by trees and castles abstract a number of points in k dimensions are displayed by associating with each point a symbol a drawing of a tree or a castle all symbols have the same structure derived from a hierarchical clustering algorithm applied to the k variables dimensions over all points but their parts are coded according to the coordinates of each individual point trees and castles show general size effects the change of whole clusters of variables from point to point trends and outliers they are especially appropriate for evaluating the clustering of variables and for observing clusters of points their major advantage over earlier attempts to represent multivariate observations such as profiles stars faces boxes and andrews s curves lies in their matching of relationships between variables to relationships between features of the representing symbol several examples are given including one with 48 variables

kronecker products for so 2p representations a relatively simple algorithm for the decomposition of the product of two so 2p representations is presented for this purpose generalised young tableaux are introduced and their product is defined

detection and discrimination of simulated motion of auditory targets in the horizontal plane three experiments investigated subjects ability to detect and discriminate the simulated horizontal motion of auditory targets in an anechoic environment moving stimuli were produced by dynamic application of stereophonic balancing algorithms to a two loudspeaker system with a 30 separation all stimuli were 500 hz tones in experiment 1 subjects had to discriminate a left to right moving stimulus from a stationary stimulus pulsed for the same duration 300 or 600 ms for both durations minimum audible movement angles mama s were on the order of 5 for stimuli presented at 0 azimuth straight ahead and increased to greater than 30 for stimuli presented at 90 azimuth experiment 2 further investigated mama s at 0 azimuth employing two different procedures to track threshold holding stimulus duration constant at 100 600 ms while varying velocity or holding the velocity constant at 22 360 s while varying duration results from the two procedures agreed with each other and

a conjecture of regev about the capelli polynomial abstract let x1 xn2 y1 yn2 be generic n n matrices over a field k of characteristic zero if x 1 x n is a multilinear invariant of x1 xn then s z 2 sign f x 1 y 1 x 2 y 2 y 3 y 4 x 3 y 5 y 9 x n y n 2 2n 2 y n 2 f x 1 x n y where sn2 is the symmetric group of degree n2 y is the discriminant of y1 yn2 and tf x 1 x n is a uniquely defined multilinear invariant of x1 xn thus tf defines a function from the vector space of multilinear invariants of x1 xn to itself an analysis of this function is used to prove regev s conjecture that s z 2 sign x n 1 y 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 y 2 y 3 y 4 x 5 x n 2 2 2 x n 2 y n 2 2n 2 y n 2 is nonzero in addition a variant of the above function is used to evaluate the capelli polynomial

simultaneity and reality of u n and su n 3jm and 6j symbols a simple proof is given of the simultaneous existence of a real set of 3jm and 6j symbols for the unitary groups u n and su n including the case of mixed tensor representations we observe that simultaneity is incompatible with the conventional permutation symmetries for u n with n 3 the relevance of these results to the schur weyl duality of u n with the symmetric groups sl is discussed

the weyl groups and weight multiplicities of the exceptional lie groups the weyl group wg of each exceptional simple lie group g is described in detail its structure is defined in terms of its coset decomposition with respect to the weyl group wh of a classical semi simple lie group h embedded naturally in g the concepts of g dominance and g equivalence are defined and used to determine from the character formula of weyl the branching rule associated with the restriction of group elements from g to h the weyl group wg is used further to impose constraints on both the branching multiplicities for g to h and the weight multiplicities of g these constraints are used to evaluate the weight multiplicities of f4 e6 e7 and e8 together with the branching multiplicities for e8 to so 16

new s function series and non compact lie groups a number of new infinite series of s functions are described in terms of their generating functions and s function content applications to the character theory of non compact lie groups are noted

the running autocorrelation function of different music signals relating to preferred temporal parameters of sound fields this paper defines the minimum value of the effective duration of the running autocorrelation function of a music signal used in subjective preference testing a short duration signal which may relate to psychological present is more suitable for calculating the most preferred time delay of the single reflection than is the long time autocorrelation function this fact is found particularly when passages of japanese music are being played which include a wide range noise component at the very beginning of the signal and the so called ma ma is a stationary sound passage without any rapid movement this paper also shows that for subsequent reverberation time a flat frequency response may be in the range of preferred conditions such preferred conditions may be calculated by the minimum effective duration of the running autocorrelation function of source signals after passing through the a weighting network

perception of coloration in sound fields in relation to the autocorrelation function the perception of coloration was investigated in a sound field composed of a strong primary sound and a time shifted t1 weak sound as source signal a continuous bandpass noise was used subjects judged the sensation level of the weak sound in comparison to the situation in which only the primary sound was presented the results are interpreted by means of the autocorrelation function of the bandpass noise signal

pitch of iterated rippled noise iterated rippled noise irn stimuli are generated by a cascade of delay d gain g and add networks the matched pitch of irn stimuli was determined as a function of the type of network used to generate irn stimuli the delay d 2 4 and 8 ms the number of iterations n 1 2 3 4 6 8 of the delay and add networks and whether the delayed noise was added g 1 to or subtracted g 1 from the undelayed noise the matched pitch of irn stimuli did not depend on the type of network when g 1 addition the matched pitch did not depend on the number of stages of iterations n and was always equal to the reciprocal of the delay 1 d when g 1 subtraction the match pitch depended on n when n 1 the matched pitch of irn stimuli was ambiguous having two pitches in the region of 1 d 10 when n 8 the match pitch was equal to 1 2d this change in the pitch occurred between n 2 and 6 the results are discussed in terms of spectral and temporal models of complex pitch processing a temporal model based on autocorrelation was able to provide quantitative predictions for the pitch of these irn stimuli however a spectral type of model can also account for the pitch of these irn stimuli

pitch strength of iterated rippled noise two versions of a cascade add attenuate and delay circuit were used to generate iterated rippled noise irn stimuli irn stimuli produce a repetition pitch whose pitch strength relative to the noise percept can be varied by changing the type of circuit the attenuation or the number of iterations in the circuit listeners were asked to use pitch strength to discriminate between various pairs of irn stimuli which differed in the type of network used to generate the sounds the number of iterations and the attenuation in the network a description based on an exponential function of the first peak of the autocorrelation function of irn stimuli is consistent with the results the discrimination data were well fit by a function based on the difference in the exponential functions of the first peak of the autocorrelation functions a magnitude estimation experiment indicated that pitch strength was an exponential function of the height of the first peak in the autocorrelation function these results suggest that the strength of the pitch of irn stimuli is based on temporal processing as might be revealed by autocorrelation

loudness in relation to iterated rippled noise abstract this study examined the loudness of iterated rippled noises irns with different number of iterations under conditions of equal sound pressure the scale values of loudness were obtained using a paired comparison method the results showed that the loudness of irns was not constant even though the sound pressure level was equivalent the loudness of irns increased with increasing iteration number this indicated that repetitive components of sounds might affect their loudness

kronecker products for compact semisimple lie groups a review is given of the application of s function techniques to the evaluation of kronecker products of irreducible representations of compact semisimple lie groups explicit formulae are derived for all irreducible representations of all such groups recent developments involving composite young diagrams are brought to fruition and the vexed problem of so2k is dealt with completely new branching rules for the classical groups are given in an appendix these are exploited in the evaluation of kronecker products by means of a technique which is applied to both classical and exceptional groups a discussion is made of various modification rules which are needed to express the final results in standard form

stable branching rules for classical symmetric pairs we approach the problem of obtaining branching rules from the point of view of dual reductive pairs specifically we obtain a stable branching rule for each of 10 classical families of symmetric pairs in each case the branching multiplicities are expressed in terms of littlewood richardson coefficients some of the formulas are classical and include for example littlewood s restriction rule as a special case

heisenberg weyl algebras of symmetric and antisymmetric bosons all the polynomials in symmetric 2 and antisymmetric 11 u n bosons are constructed in u n bases and u n reduced matrix elements for the bosons between polynomial basis states are computed applications to representation theory of lie groups paired fermion and boson physics are briefly discussed

loudness of sharply 2068 db octave filtered noises in relation to the factors extracted from the autocorrelation function this study examines the loudness of bandpass noises with center frequencies of 250 500 and 1000hz while changing the autocorrelation function acf the bandwidth of the source signal was altered with a 2068 db octave sharp filter to control the acf of the source signal the scale values of loudness were obtained using a paired comparison method it is shown that the loudness of the bandpass noises inside the critical band is not constant the loudness of the pure tone is greater than that of sharply filtered noises the loudness of the bandpass noises increases with increasing effective duration of the acf e of the source signal

cfd based application of the nyquist criterion to thermo acoustic instabilities a novel approach for the analysis of self excited instabilities in thermo acoustic systems is proposed combining computational fluid dynamics with low order acoustic modeling the open loop transfer function of the system under investigation is computed the system eigenmodes and the linear stability characteristics are then deduced from a nyquist plot the method is suitable for systems where due to geometrical complexities or non compact regions of heat release a low order formulation is not appropriate or not available explicit knowledge of the frequency response or the transfer matrix of the heat source is not required further advantages of the new approach are discussed in the paper to establish proof of concept the method is validated against a simple model of a rijke tube over the frequency range considered frequencies and growth rates of stable as well as unstable eigenmodes are predicted accurately the new method combining flow simulation low order acoustic modeling and control theory makes possible a comprehensive analysis of acoustic stability behavior of complex thermo acoustic systems at comparatively modest computational cost

calculation of subjective preference at each seat in a concert hall this paper represents a method of calculating the subjective preference of sound fields in concert halls before construction subjective preference judgments paired comparison tests were systematically performed using fully independent objective parameters of acoustic information which describe the signals to the two ears the sound fields with various combinations of listening level delay of early multiple reflections subsequent reverberation time and magnitude of the interaural cross correlation were simulated with the aid of a digital computer the optimal conditions maximizing the subjective preference could be found for each objective parameter because the parameters had an almost independent effect on the subjective preference judgments based on the linear scale value which is obtained by applying the law of comparative judgment we can calculate a total preference value according to the principle of superposition examples of calculating the preference values by use of the plan and the cross section of a concert hall are described

subjective preference for sound sources located on the stage and in the orchestra pit of an opera house abstract the present study investigates whether the subjective preference theory can be applied to the sound field in an opera house paired comparison tests were conducted to obtain scale values of subjective preference as the source locations of the music on the stage and in the orchestra pit were moved listeners were asked to give their acoustical preference the acoustical factors at each listening position were obtained from the interaural cross correlation function and binaural impulse responses measured at each listening position the relationship between the scale values of subjective preference and orthogonal acoustical factors ll iacc iacc t1 for the pit source t1 for the stage tsub for the pit source and tsub for the stage source was determined by using factor analysis which shows that the preference theory is applicable total scores obtained from factor analysis and measured scale values are in good agreement

characters dimensions and branching rules for covariant irreps of u n m the theory of symmetric functions is used to obtain simple expressions for the characters and dimensions of the covariant irreps of the supergroup u n m schur function expressions are given for a number of important branching rules

duration sensation in relation to the autocorrelation function of sound stimuli relationships were investigated between subjective judgment of physical duration and the factors extracted from the autocorrelation function acf of sound stimuli factors of acf were changed by using different properties of pure tone complex tone white noise and bandpass noise stimuli experiments by paired comparison method were conducted in the sound proof chamber except for one in a concert hall sound stimuli were selected on the basis of the measured factors of acf as parameters subjects were asked to compare the durations of two stimuli in the pair subjective durations were obtained in the psychometric function and were interpreted as duration sensation ds on the basis of the auditory brain model and the theory of primary sensation results p 0 05 are shown as below 1 dss are longer with larger 1 being time delay of first peak of acf corresponding to pitch 2 dss are longer with higher 0 being energy at the beginning of acf 3 dss are longer with smaller m being constant am

a diagnostic system measuring orthogonal factors of sound fields in a scale model of auditorium abstract based on the model of auditory brain system which consists of the autocorrelation mechanism the interaural cross correlation mechanism between both the auditory pathways and the specialization of human cerebral hemispheres y ando 1998 architectural acoustics blending sound sources sound fields and listeners new york aip press springer verlag a new diagnostic system was developed after obtaining the binaural impulse response four orthogonal factors including the spl the initial time delay gap between the direct sound and the first reflection the subsequent reverberation time and the iacc can be analyzed for the calculation of the scale values of both global and individual subjective preferences in addition two more factors extracted from the interaural cross correlation function iacc and wiacc can be figured out also the sound energy 0 the effective duration e and fine structures of autocorrelation function of sound signals including the magnitude of first maximum 1 and its delay time 1 can be analyzed as an example of the measurement effects of reflectors array above the stage in a 1 10 scale model of auditorium at each seat are discussed here

kronecker product of sp 2n representations using generalised young tableaux using generalised young tableaux the authors obtain an explicit formula for the reduction of the kronecker product of irreducible representations of the symplectic groups this extends a previous work devoted to the case of orthogonal groups

diagnostic system based on the human auditory brain model for measuring environmental noise an application to railway noise abstract measurements of railway noise were conducted by use of a diagnostic system of regional environmental noise the system is based on the model of the human auditory brain system the model consists of the interplay of autocorrelators and an interaural crosscorrelator acting on the pressure signals arriving at the ear entrances and takes into account the specialization of left and right human cerebral hemispheres different kinds of railway noise were measured through binaural microphones of a dummy head to characterize the railway noise physical factors extracted from the autocorrelation functions acf and interaural crosscorrelation function iacf of binaural signals were used the factors extracted from acf were 1 energy represented at the origin of the delay 0 2 effective duration of the envelope of the normalized acf e 3 the delay time of the first peak 1 and 4 its amplitude o 1 the factors extracted from iacf were 5 iacc 6 interaural delay time at which the iacc is defined iacc and 7 width of the iacf at the iacc w iacc the factor 0 can be represented as a geometrical mean of energies at both ears as listening level ll

geometrical parameter combinations that correlate with early interaural cross correlation coefficients in a performance hall the previous binaural data of the authors measured inside two multi purpose performance halls are re analyzed using regression in this study it is done in an attempt to establish a framework that can improve the prediction of early interaural cross correlation coefficients iaccs but with as little measurement effort and parameters as possible the results show that regression models consist of linear combinations of polynomials of geometrical parameters when used together with the measurement schemes suggested previously by the authors are sufficient for predicting the iaccs to within engineering tolerance the predictions are better than those obtained previously by the neural network approach of the authors the relative importance of the geometrical parameters in the prediction of iaccs is also investigated

the hopf algebra structure of the character rings of classical groups the character ring of covariant irreducible tensor representations of the general linear group admits a hopf algebra structure isomorphic to the hopf algebra of symmetric functions here we study the character rings and of the orthogonal and symplectic subgroups of the general linear group within the same framework of symmetric functions we show that and also admit natural hopf algebra structures that are isomorphic to that of and hence to the isomorphisms are determined explicitly along with the specification of standard bases for and analogous to those used for a major structural change arising from the adoption of these bases is the introduction of new orthogonal and symplectic schur hall scalar products significantly the adjoint with respect to multiplication no longer coincides as it does in the case with a foulkes derivative or skew operation the adjoint and foulkes derivative now require separate definitions and their properties are explored here in the orthogonal and symplectic cases moreover the hopf algebras and are not self dual the dual hopf algebras and are identified finally the hopf algebra of the universal rational character ring of mixed irreducible tensor representations of the general linear group is introduced and its structure maps identified

a time domain description for the pitch strength of iterated rippled noise two versions of a cascaded add attenuate and delay circuit were used to generate iterated rippled noise irn stimuli irn stimuli produce a repetition pitch whose strength relative to the noise can be varied by changing the type of circuit the attenuation or the number of iterations in the circuit listeners were asked to discriminate between various pairs of irn stimuli which differed in the type of network used to generate the sounds or the number of iterations n 1 2 3 4 7 and 9 performance was determined for irn stimuli generated with delays of 2 4 and 8 ms and for four bandpass filter conditions 0 2000 250 2000 500 2000 and 750 2000 hz some irn stimuli were extremely difficult to discriminate despite relatively large spectral differences while other irn stimuli produced readily discriminable changes in perception despite small spectral differences these contrasting results are inconsistent with simple spectral explanations for the perception of irn stimuli an explanation based on the first peak of the autocorrelation function of irn stimuli is consistent with the results simulations of the processing performed by the peripheral auditory system i e interval histograms and correlograms produce results which are consistent with the involvement of these temporal processes in the perception of irn stimuli

a hopf laboratory for symmetric functions an analysis of symmetric function theory is given from the perspective of the underlying hopf and bi algebraic structures these are presented explicitly in terms of standard symmetric function operations particular attention is focused on laplace pairing sweedler cohomology for 1 and 2 cochains and twisted products rota cliffordizations induced by branching operators in the symmetric function context the latter are shown to include the algebras of symmetric functions of orthogonal and symplectic type a commentary on related issues in the combinatorial approach to quantum field theory is given