revised standards for statistical evidence recent advances in bayesian hypothesis testing have led to the development of uniformly most powerful bayesian tests which represent an objective default class of bayesian hypothesis tests that have the same rejection regions as classical significance tests based on the correspondence between these two classes of tests it is possible to equate the size of classical hypothesis tests with evidence thresholds in bayesian tests and to equate p values with bayes factors an examination of these connections suggest that recent concerns over the lack of reproducibility of scientific studies can be attributed largely to the conduct of significance tests at unjustifiably high levels of significance to correct this problem evidence thresholds required for the declaration of a significant finding should be increased to 25 50 1 and to 100 200 1 for the declaration of a highly significant finding in terms of classical hypothesis tests these evidence standards mandate the conduct of tests at the 0 005 or 0 001 level of significance

successive iteration and positive pseudo symmetric solutions for a three point second order p laplacian boundary value problems in this paper we study the existence of positive pseudo symmetric solutions for a three point second order p laplacian boundary value problems with dependence on the first order derivative by applying a monotone iterative method

binary models for marginal independence summary log linear models are a classical tool for the analysis of contingency tables in particular the subclass of graphical log linear models provides a general framework for modelling conditional independences however with the exception of special structures marginal independence hypotheses cannot be accommodated by these traditional models focusing on binary variables we present a model class that provides a framework for modelling marginal independences in contingency tables the approach that is taken is graphical and draws on analogies with multivariate gaussian models for marginal independence for the graphical model representation we use bidirected graphs which are in the tradition of path diagrams we show how the models can be parameterized in a simple fashion and how maximum likelihood estimation can be performed by using a version of the iterated conditional fitting algorithm finally we consider combining these models with symmetry restrictions

positive solutions of fourth order multi point boundary value problems with bending term abstract in this paper we study m point boundary value problem for fourth order ordinary differential equation with bending term x x 4 t g t f t x t x t t 0 1 x 0 0 x 1 i 1 m 2 a i x i x 0 0 x 1 i 1 m 2 b i x i where 0 0 1 2 m 2 m 1 1 by constructing an available integral operator and combining fixed point index theorem we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions under some conditions concerning the first eigenvalue corresponding to the relevant linear operator the interesting point of the results is that the nonlinear term g may be singular at t 0 and or t 1 moreover f t u v is also allowed to have singularity at u 0 and or v 0

a singular boundary value problem for the one dimensionalp laplacian abstract the singular boundary value problem formula is studied in this paper whereg s s p 2s p 1 the singularity may appear atu 0 and att 0 ort 1 and the functionfmay be discontinuous the authors prove that for anyp 1 and for any positive nonincreasing functionfand nonnegative measurable functionkwith some integrability conditions the above mentioned problem has a unique solution also the properties of the solution are discussed in the paper

parameterization of multivariate random effects models for categorical data alternative parameterizations and problems of identification and estimation of multivariate random effects models for categorical responses are investigated the issues are illustrated in the context of the multivariate binomial logit normal bln model introduced by coull and agresti 2000 biometrics 56 73 80 we demonstrate that the bln model is poorly identified unless proper restrictions are imposed on the parameters moreover estimation of bln models is unduly computationally complex in the first application considered by coull and agresti an identification problem results in highly unstable highly correlated parameter estimates and large standard errors a probit normal version of the specified bln model is demonstrated to be underidentified whereas the bln model is empirically underidentified identification can be achieved by constraining one of the parameters we show that a one factor probit model is equivalent to the probit version of the specified bln model and that a one factor logit model is empirically equivalent to the bln model estimation is greatly simplified by using a factor model

singular boundary value problems on a half line singular boundary value problems of nonlinear second order differential equations on a half line are considered the main methods used are modified upper and lower solution techniques necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to a class of sublinear singular boundary value problems are obtained

existence and iteration of positive solutions to a class of sturm liouville like p laplacian boundary value problems abstract this paper deals with the existence and iteration of positive solutions for the following p laplacian differential equation p u t q t f t u t u t 0 t 0 1 subject to the following sturm liouville like four point boundary condition u 0 u 0 u 1 u 0 where 0 1 by applying the monotone iterative technique and without the assumption of the existence of lower and upper solutions we not only obtain the existence of positive solutions for the problems but also establish iterative schemes for approximating the solutions

solvability of a three point nonlinear boundary value problem for a second order ordinary differential equation in case f x u u ps x p x u pjx u with pk 0 l 4 r locally integrable the boundary value problem l lt 1 2 was studied by kiguradze and lomtatidze i the purpose of this paper is to obtain existence and uniqueness theorems for the boundary value problem 1 1 t 1 2 under natural conditions on f using degree theoretic arguments we note that if u is a solution of 1 1 1 2 then there exists at least one 5 e q l such that u c 0 accordingly the boundary value problem

existence and iteration of positive solutions for multi point boundary value problems on a half line in this study using fixed point index theorems and monotone iterative techniques we present iterative schemes as well as the existence of positive solutions to the m point boundary value problem on a half line

testing for pairwise independence summary this article presents a method for testing the hypothesis of mutual pairwise independence of k events the method which is based on the weighted least squares approach grizzle starmer and koch 1969 biometrics 25 489 504 can be generalized to two types of incomplete data i the multiplerecapture census where one of the cells of the corresponding 2k contingency table cannot be observed and ii situations allowing an unknown response to the question designed to determine whether an event has occurred

existence and iteration of monotone positive solutions for multipoint boundary value problem with p laplacian operator in the paper we obtain the existence of monotone positive solutions and establish acorresponding iterative scheme for the following multipoint boundary value problem with p laplacian operator f p u t q t f t u t 0 0

multiple positive solutions for some p laplacian boundary value problems this paper deals with the existence of multiple positive solutions for the one dimensional p laplacian p x t q t f t x t x t 0 t 0 1 subject to one of the following boundary conditions p x 0 p x 0 0 p x 1 p x 1 0 or x 0 g1 x 0 0 x 1 g2 x 1 0 where p s s p 2s p 1 by means of a fixed point theorem due to avery and peterson sufficient conditions are obtained that guarantee the existence of at least three positive solutions the interesting point is the nonlinear term f is involved with the first order derivative explicitly

existence and iteration of positive solutions for a multipoint one dimensional p laplacian boundary value problem abstract in this paper we study the existence and iteration of positive solutions for the one dimensional p laplacian differential equation p u t q t f t u t u t 0 t 0 1 subject to the following multipoint boundary condition u 0 i 1 n 2 i u i u 1 i 1 n 2 i u i by applying a monotone iterative method we not only obtain the existence of positive solutions for the problem but also establish iterative schemes for approximating the solutions

multinomial poisson homogeneous models for contingency tables a unified approach to maximum likelihood inference for a broad new class of contingency table models is presented the model class comprises multinomial poisson homogeneous mph models which can be characterized by an independent sampling plan and a system of homogeneous constraints h m 0 where m is the vector of expected table counts maximum likelihood ml fitting and large sample inference for mph models are described the mph models are partitioned into well defined equivalence classes and explicit comparisons of the large sample behaviors of ml estimators of equivalent models are given the equivalence theory not only unifies a large collection of previously known results it also leads to useful generalizations and many new results the practical computational implication is that ml fit results for any particular mph model can be obtained directly from the ml fit results for any conveniently chosen equivalent model issues of hypothesis testability and parameter estimability are also addressed to illustrate an example based on statistics journal citation patterns is given for which the data can be used to test the hypothesis that a certain model holds but they cannot be used to estimate any of that model s parameters

the upper and lower solution method for a class of singular nonlinear second order three point boundary value problems in this paper we develop the upper and lower solution method and the monotone iterative technique for a class of singular nonlinear second order three point boundary value problems a maximum principle is established and some new existence results are obtained

successive iteration and positive solutions for a third order multipoint generalized right focal boundary value problem with p laplacian abstract in this paper we study the existence of positive solutions for the one dimensional p laplacian differential equation p u t q t f t u t u t u t 0 t 1 subject to the following multipoint generalized right focal boundary condition u 0 i 1 m i u i u 0 u 1 i 1 n i u i by applying a monotone iterative method we not only obtain the existence of positive solutions for the problem but also establish iterative schemes for approximating the solutions

three positive solutions for the one dimensional p laplacian in this paper nonlinear two point boundary value problems with p laplacian operators subject to dirichlet boundary condition and nonlinear boundary conditions are studied we show the existence of three positive solutions by the five functionals fixed point theorem

upper and lower solutions method and a superlinear singular boundary value problem abstract the singular boundary value problem u g t u u 0 for t 0 1 u 0 u 1 0 is studied in this paper the singularity may appear at u 0 t 0 and t 1 and the function g may be superlinear at u and change sign the existence of solutions is obtained via an upper and lower solutions method

existence and iteration of positive solutions for some p laplacian boundary value problems abstract this paper deals with the existence and iteration of positive solutions for the following p laplacian differential equation p u t q t f t u t u t 0 t 0 1 subject to one of the following boundary conditions p u 0 p u 0 0 p u 1 p u 1 0 or u 0 g 1 u 0 0 u 1 g 2 u 1 0 the main tool is the monotone iterative technique we obtain not only the existence of positive solutions for the problems but also establish iterative schemes for approximating the solutions

multiple positive solutions to a three point boundary value problem with p laplacian abstract sufficient conditions are obtained that guarantee the existence of at least two positive solutions for the equation g u t a t f u 0 subject to boundary conditions by a simple application of a new fixed point theorem due to avery and henderson

nodal solutions for m point boundary value problems using bifurcation methods abstract in this paper we first obtain some results on the structure of solution sets of some m point boundary value problems then using these results we obtain some multiplicity results for nodal solutions of m point boundary value problems the method to show our main results is based on the structure of solution sets due to p h rabinowitz

numerical solution of a class of singular free boundary problems involving the m laplace operator for a class of singular free boundary problems with applications in electromagnetism and plasma physics an analytical numerical approach is proposed based on the asymptotic expansion of the solution in the neighborhood of the singular points this approach was already used to approximate the solution of certain classes of singular boundary value problems on bounded lima and morgado 2009 14 and unbounded domains konyukhova et al 2008 12 here one parameter families of solutions of suitable singular cauchy problems describing the behavior of the solution at the singularities are derived and based on these families numerical methods for the approximation of the solution of the free boundary problems are constructed

triple positive solutions for boundary value problems on infinite intervals abstract this paper deals with the existence of triple positive solutions for sturm liouville boundary value problems of second order nonlinear differential equation on a half line by using a fixed point theorem in a cone due to avery peterson we show the existence of at least three positive solutions with suitable growth conditions imposed on the nonlinear term

multiple positive solutions to a class of singular boundary value problems for the one dimensional p laplacian abstract in this paper we establish the existence of multiple positive solutions to the singular nonlinear boundary value problem u q t f u t 0 0 1 the singularity may appear at u 0 and t 0

adaptive revised standards for statistical evidence johnson 1 argues for decreasing the bar of statistical significance from 0 05 and 0 01 to 0 005 and 0 001 respectively there is growing evidence that the canonical fixed standards of significance are inappropriate however the author simply proposes other fixed standards the essence of the problem of classical testing of significance lies in its goal of minimizing type ii error false negative for a fixed type i error false positive a real departure instead would be to minimize a weighted sum of the two errors as proposed by jeffreys 2 significance levels 1 1to whom correspondence should be addressed e mail luis pericchi at upr edu 1 xref corresp 1 1

twin positive solutions for the one dimensional p laplacian boundary value problems abstract in this paper we study the existence of multiple positive solutions for the equation g u e t f u 0 where g v v p 2 v p 1 subject to nonlinear boundary conditions we show the existence of at least two positive solutions by using a new three functionals fixed point theorem in cones

on positive solutions of boundary value problems on the half line we study the existence of positive solutions of boundary value problems on the half line for differential equations of second order the krasnoselskii fixed point theorem on cone compression and expansion is used

solutions of impulsive boundary value problems on the half line abstract this paper presents some existence results for a class of impulsive boundary value problems with nonhomogeneous boundary data on the half line by applying fixed point theorems on cones we obtain the existence of positive bounded and unbounded solutions our methods are integral equations approximate solutions a priori bounds and modified arzela techniques

random effects modeling of multiple binomial responses using the multivariate binomial logit normal distribution summary the multivariate binomial logit normal distribution is a mixture distribution for which i conditional on a set of success probabilities and sample size indices a vector of counts is independent binomial variates and ii the vector of logits of the parameters has a multivariate normal distribution we use this distribution to model multivariate binomial type responses using a vector of random effects the vector of logits of parameters has a mean that is a linear function of explanatory variables and has an unspecified or partly specified covariance matrix the model generalizes and provides greater flexibility than the univariate model that uses a normal random effect to account for positive correlations in clustered data the multivariate model is useful when different elements of the response vector refer to different characteristics each of which may naturally have its own random effect it is also useful for repeated binary measurement of a single response when there is a nonexchangeable association structure such as one often expects with longitudinal data or when negative association exists for at least one pair of responses we apply the model to an influenza study with repeated responses in which some pairs are negatively associated and to a developmental toxicity study with continuation ratio logits applied to an ordinal response with clustered observations

pairwise residuals and diagnostic tests for misspecified dependence structures in models for binary longitudinal data maximum likelihood estimation of models for binary longitudinal data is typically inconsistent if the dependence structure is misspecified unfortunately diagnostics specifically designed for detecting such misspecifications are scant we develop residuals and diagnostic tests based on comparing observed and expected frequencies of response patterns over time in the presence of arbitrary time varying and time invariant covariates to overcome the sparseness problem we use lower order marginal tables such as two way tables for pairs of time points aggregated over covariate patterns our proposed pairwise concordance residuals are valuable for exploratory diagnostics and for constructing both generic tests for misspecified dependence structure as well as targeted adjacent pair concordance tests for excess serial dependence the proposed methods are straightforward to implement and work well for general situations regardless of the number of time points and the number and types of covariates

successive iteration and positive solutions for a second order multi point boundary value problem on a half line this paper deals with the existence of positive solutions for some second order multi point boundary value problem on the half line our approach is based on the fixed point theorem and the monotone iterative technique without the assumption of the existence of lower and upper solutions we obtain not only the existence of positive solutions for the problems but also establish iterative schemes for approximating the solutions

the bayes non bayes compromise a brief review abstract various compromises that have occurred between bayesian and non bayesian methods are reviewed a citation is provided that discusses the inevitability of compromises within the bayesian approach one example deals with the masses of elementary particles but no knowledge of physics will be assumed

existence and unboundedness of positive solutions for singular boundary value problems on half line by constructing a special cone and using cone compression and expansion fixed point theorem this paper presents some existence results of positive solutions of singular boundary value problem bvp for short on half line for a class of second order differential equations at the same time the boundedness and unboundedness of positive solutions for bvp are considered also

boundary value problems on the half line with impulses and infinite delay this paper presents some results on the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the boundary value problems on the half line with impulses and infinite delay moreover an existence theorem of multiple solutions is obtained also the problems may be singular at the boundary

eigenvalue criteria for existence of multiple positive solutions to boundary value problems of second order delay differential equations abstract criteria are established for existence of multiple positive solutions to the boundary value problems expressed by second order delay differential equations of the form p t y t q t y t f t y t y t a t 0 1 y t y t t t 0 y t y t t t 1 1 a where 0 a 1 4 are suitably small p c 1 0 1 p 0 q c 0 1 and q 0

existence of three positive solutions for boundary value problems with p laplacian abstract by using fixed point theorem we study the following equation g u t a t f u 0 subject to boundary conditions where g v v p 2 v with p 1 the existence of at least three positive solutions is proved

positive solutions for singular m point boundary value problems with positive parameter in this paper some new existence results for positive solutions for a class of singular m point boundary value problems with parameter be obtained

positive solutions for singular semipositone boundary value problems on infinite intervals by using the fixed point theory on a cone with a special norm and space we discuss the existence of positive solutions for a class of semipositone boundary value problems on infinite intervals the work improves many known results including singular and non singular cases

separating two sources of dependence in repeated influenza outbreaks summary two or more responses measured on a randomly selected individual can be dependent for two quite different reasons in the first place they can be dependent within that is conditional upon each individual secondly dependence is created simply from the heterogeneity between individuals this paper addresses a rare instance of being able to measure separately the dependence from the two sources the data comprise frequencies of the infection profiles for a sample of individuals exposed to four influenza outbreaks two of the outbreaks were caused by the same virus and gave rise to negative withinindividual dependence because infection at the first occasion leads to a reduced probability of infection at the second this negative dependence cannot be estimated from the 2 x 2 table of frequencies for these two outbreaks because it is masked by positive dependence due to between individual heterogeneity however the negative dependence can be estimated using the joint frequencies for three or four outbreaks the two caused by the same virus and one or both of the other two