tracking deformable objects in the plane using an active contour model the problems of segmenting a noisy intensity image and tracking a nonrigid object in the plane are discussed in evaluating these problems a technique based on an active contour model commonly called a snake is examined the technique is applied to cell locomotion and tracking studies the snake permits both the segmentation and tracking problems to be simultaneously solved in constrained cases a detailed analysis of the snake model emphasizing its limitations and shortcomings is presented and improvements to the original description of the model are proposed problems of convergence of the optimization scheme are considered in particular an improved terminating criterion for the optimization scheme that is based on topographic features of the graph of the intensity image is proposed hierarchical filtering methods as well as a continuation method based on a discrete sale space representation are discussed results for both segmentation and tracking are presented possible failures of the method are discussed

congruences between derivatives of abelian l functions at s 0 let k k be a finite abelian extension of global fields we prove that a natural equivariant leading term conjecture implies a family of explicit congruence relations between the values at s 0 of derivatives of the dirichlet l functions associated to k k we also show that these congruences provide a universal approach to the refined abelian stark conjectures formulated by inter alia stark gross rubin popescu and tate we thereby obtain the first proofs of amongst other things the rubin stark conjecture and the refined class number formulas of both gross and tate for all extensions k k in which k is either an abelian extension of or is a function field

construction of nullnorms on bounded lattices and an equivalence relation on nullnorms abstract in this study we present two methods for the construction of nullnorms on bounded lattices based on the existence of t norms as well as t conorms on an arbitrary bounded lattice l we demonstrate that these methods differ from the existing approaches mainly because of their more generalized structures an equivalence relation is also defined based on a class of nullnorms and some properties of this relation are examined

medians and nullnorms on bounded lattices nullnorms are generalizations of triangular norms and triangular conorms with a zero element in the interior of the unit interval in this paper we work on nullnorms which are defined on an arbitrary bounded lattice we introduce a general median based method for constructing nullnorms by means of triangular norms and triangular conorms furthermore we highlight a significant difference between the existence and representation of idempotent nullnorms on chains distributive bounded lattices and general bounded lattices

comutations underlying the measuremnt of visual motion abstract the organization of movement in a changing image provides a valuable source of information for analyzing the environment in terms of objects their motion in space and their three dimensional structure a description of this movement is not provided to our visual system directly however it must be inferred from the pattern of changing intensity that reaches the eye this paper examines the problem of motion measurement which we formulate as the computation of an instantaneous two dimensional velocity field initial motion measurements occur at the location of significant intensity changes as suggested by marr and ullman 1 these measurements provide only one component of velocity and must be integrated to compute the two dimensional velocity field a fundamental problem for this integration is that motion is not determined uniquely from the changing image an additional constraint of smoothness of the velocity field is formulated based on the physical assumption that surfaces are generally smooth allowing the computation of a unique solution a theoretical analysis of the conditions under which this computation yields the correct velocity field suggests that the solution is physically plausible empirical studies show the results to be consistent with human motion perception

differentiation of discrete multidimensional signals we describe the design of finite size linear phase separable kernels for differentiation of discrete multidimensional signals the problem is formulated as an optimization of the rotation invariance of the gradient operator which results in a simultaneous constraint on a set of one dimensional low pass prefilter and differentiator filters up to the desired order we also develop extensions of this formulation to both higher dimensions and higher order directional derivatives we develop a numerical procedure for optimizing the constraint and demonstrate its use in constructing a set of example filters the resulting filters are significantly more accurate than those commonly used in the image and multidimensional signal processing literature

tamagawa numbers for motives with noncommutative coefficients ii we provide corroborative evidence for the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture which was formulated in the first part of this article

cohomology of units and l values at zero let klk be a finite galois extension of number fields with galois group g and let s be a finite g stable set of primes of k containing all archimedean primes we denote the g module of s units of k by e es and let as be the kernel of the augmentation map zs z which sends each basis element p c s to 1 we are concerned with invariants of k k which are associated to a g homomorphism p as e inducingq0 as cq0e these invariants were defined by tate ta2 and chinburg chl when s is large i e when s contains all ramified primes of k k and the s class group cl cls of k is trivial there are two of them and each is a function of the complex characters x of g the first aw has a x equal to the tate regulator at x divided by the leading coefficient c x of the taylor expansion at s 0 of the artin l function l s x with the euler factors at primes of s omitted according to stark s conjecture st in tate s form a takes algebraic values which satisfy a o x5 a x

on the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture for tate motives let l be a finite abelian extension of and let k be any subfield of l for each integer r with r 0 we prove the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture for the pair h0 spec l r gal l k

idempotent nullnorms on bounded lattices abstract nullnorms are generalizations of triangular norms and triangular conorms with a zero element to be an arbitrary point from a bounded lattice in this paper we study and discuss the existence of idempotent nullnorms on bounded lattices considering an arbitrary distributive bounded lattice l we show that there exists a unique idempotent nullnorm on l we prove that an idempotent nullnorm may not always exist on an arbitrary bounded lattice furthermore we propose a construction method to obtain idempotent nullnorms on a bounded lattice l with an additional constraint on a for the given zero element a l 0 1

snakes active contour models a snake is an energy minimizing spline guided by external constraint forces and influenced by image forces that pull it toward features such as lines and edges snakes are active contour models they lock onto nearby edges localizing them accurately scale space continuation can be used to enlarge the capture region surrounding a feature snakes provide a unified account of a number of visual problems including detection of edges lines and subjective contours motion tracking and stereo matching we have used snakes successfully for interactive interpretation in which user imposed constraint forces guide the snake near features of interest

optical flow constraints on deformable models with applications to face tracking optical flow provides a constraint on the motion of a deformable model we derive and solve a dynamic system incorporating flow as a hard constraint producing a model based least squares optical flow solution our solution also ensures the constraint remains satisfied when combined with edge information which helps combat tracking error accumulation constraint enforcement can be relaxed using a kalman filter which permits controlled constraint violations based on the noise present in the optical flow information and enables optical flow and edge information to be combined more robustly and efficiently we apply this framework to the estimation of face shape and motion using a 3d deformable face model this model uses a small number of parameters to describe a rich variety of face shapes and facial expressions we present experiments in extracting the shape and motion of a face from image sequences which validate the accuracy of the method they also demonstrate that our treatment of optical flow as a hard constraint as well as our use of a kalman filter to reconcile these constraints with the uncertainty in the optical flow are vital for improving the performance of our system

recursive filters for optical flow working toward efficient real time implementations of optical flow methods the authors have applied simple recursive filters to achieve temporal smoothing and differentiation of image intensity and to compute 2d flow from component velocity constraints using spatiotemporal least squares minimization accuracy in simulation is similar to that obtained in the study by barren et al 1994 while requiring much less storage less computation and shorter delays

on galois structure invariants associated to tate motives we establish the equivalence of two definitions of invariants measuring the galois module structure of k groups of rings of integers in number fields due to chinburg et al on the one hand and the authors on the other we also make some remarks concerning the possibility of yet another such definition via lichtenbaum complexes

constructing uninorms via closure operators on a bounded lattice abstract in this paper via closure resp interior operators on a bounded lattice l we propose a rather effective method to construct uninorms on l with a given triangular norm t resp triangular conorm s on the subinterval 0 e resp e 1 of l our method encompasses as special cases the construction methods introduced by f karacal and r mesiar 2015 16 as well as by g d cayli et al 2016 5 we also exploit a pair of novel closure and interior operators on complete lattices and utilize this pair of operators to construct uninorms several interesting examples are included to illustrate our method

on edge detection edge detection is the process that attempts to characterize the intensity changes in the image in terms of the physical processes that have originated them a critical intermediate goal of edge detection is the detection and characterization of significant intensity changes this paper discusses this part of the edge detection problem to characterize the types of intensity changes derivatives of different types and possibly different scales are needed thus we consider this part of edge detection as a problem in numerical differentiation we show that numerical differentiation of images is an ill posed problem in the sense of hadamard differentiation needs to be regularized by a regularizing filtering operation before differentiation this shows that this part of edge detection consists of two steps a filtering step and a differentiation step following this perspective the paper discusses in detail the following theoretical aspects of edge detection 1 the properties of different types of filters with minimal uncertainty with a bandpass spectrum and with limited support are derived minimal uncertainty filters optimize a tradeoff between computational efficiency and regularizing properties 2 relationships among several 2 d differential operators are established in particular we characterize the relation between the laplacian and the second directional derivative along the gradient zero crossings of the laplacian are not the only features computed in early vision 3 geometrical and topological properties of the zero crossings of differential operators are studied in terms of transversality and morse theory

improved accuracy in gradient based optical flow estimation optical flow estimation by means of first derivatives can produce surprisingly accurate and dense optical flow fields in particular recent empirical evidence suggests that the method that is based on local optimization of first order constancy constraints is among the most accurate and reliable methods available nevertheless a systematic investigation of the effects of the various parameters for this algorithm is still lacking this paper reports such an investigation performance is assessed in terms of flow field accuracy density and resolution the investigation yields new information regarding pre filter differentiator least squares neighborhood and reliability test selection several changes to previously employed parameter settings result in significant overall performance improvements while they simultaneously reduce the computational cost of the estimator

a characterization of idempotent nullnorms nullnorms are generalization of triangular norms and conorms with a zero element anywhere in the unit interval nullnorms are built up from triangular norms and triangular conorms if nullnorm is idempotent then it is composed of a minimum and a maximum the idea of this paper is to find minimal assumptions on an operation in order to get an idempotent nullnorm

regularization of inverse visual problems involving discontinuities inverse problems such as the reconstruction problems that arise in early vision tend to be mathematically ill posed through regularization they may be reformulated as well posed variational principles whose solutions are computable standard regularization theory employs quadratic stabilizing functionals that impose global smoothness constraints on possible solutions discontinuities present serious difficulties to standard regularization however since their reconstruction requires a precise spatial control over the smoothing properties of stabilizers this paper proposes a general class of controlled continuity stabilizers which provide the necessary control over smoothness these nonquadratic stabilizing functionals comprise multiple generalized spline kernels combined with noncontinuous continuity control functions in the context of computational vision they may be thought of as controlled continuity constraints these generic constraints are applicable to visual reconstruction problems that involve both continuous regions and discontinuities for which global smoothness constraints fail

congruences between derivatives of geometric l functions we prove a natural refinement of a theorem of lichtenbaum describing the leading terms of zeta functions of curves over finite fields in terms of weil etale cohomology we then use this result to prove the validity of chinburg s 3 conjecture for all abelian extensions of global function fields to prove natural refinements and generalisations of the refined stark conjectures formulated by amongst others gross tate rubin and popescu to prove a variety of explicit restrictions on the galois module structure of unit groups and divisor class groups and to describe explicitly the fitting ideals of certain weil etale cohomology groups in an appendix coauthored with k f lai and k s tan we also show that the main conjectures of geometric iwasawa theory can be proved without using either crystalline cohomology or drinfeld modules

on the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture for tate motives and unconditional annihilation results dfg collaborative research center 701 spectral structures and topological methods in mathematics

semi t operators on bounded lattices abstract we study semi t operators on bounded lattices and show the existence of semi t operators using the fact that there exist some pseudo t norms and pseudo t conorms on the arbitrary fixed bounded lattice l as a by product some constructive approaches to semi t operators are discussed using these approaches we obtain the least semi t operators and the greatest semi t operators on bounded lattices a partial order relation is also defined based on the semi t operator and some properties of this relation are examined

on the rubin stark conjecture for a special class of cm extensions of totally real number fields we use greither s recent results on brumer s conjecture to prove rubin s integral version of stark s conjecture up to a power of 2 for an infinite class of cm extensions of totally real number fields called nice extensions under the assumption that a certain iwasawa invariant vanishes as a consequence and under the same assumption we show that the brumer stark conjecture is true for nice extensions up to a power of 2

contour tracking with a spatio temporal intensity moment standard edge detection operators such as the laplacian of gaussian and the gradient of gaussian can be used to track contours in image sequences when using edge operators a contour which is determined on a frame of the sequence is simply used as a starting contour to locate the nearest contour on the subsequent frame however the strategy used to look for the nearest edge points may not work when tracking contours of non isolated gray level discontinuities in these cases strategies derived from the optical flow equation which look for similar gray level distributions appear to be more appropriate since these can work with a lower frame rate than that needed for strategies based on pure edge detection operators however an optical flow strategy tends to propagate the localization errors through the sequence and an additional edge detection procedure is essential to compensate for such a drawback in this paper a spatio temporal intensity moment is proposed which integrates the two basic functions of edge detection and tracking

a representation of nullnorms on a bounded lattice in terms of beam operations abstract we introduce three broad classes of nullnorms on a bounded lattice and lay bare the structure of their members for that purpose we introduce particular subsets of a bounded lattice called upper resp lower beams and appropriate associative operations on them called beam resp dual beam operations which conveniently generalize triangular norms resp triangular conorms it is shown that nullnorms in the first resp second class are characterized by a triangular conorm resp triangular norm and a beam operation resp dual beam operation while nullnorms in the third class are characterized by a triangular conorm and a triangular norm we also discuss the relationships among these three classes

on special elements in higher algebraic k theory and the lichtenbaum gross conjecture abstract we conjecture the existence of special elements in odd degree higher algebraic k groups of number fields that are related in a precise way to the values at strictly negative integers of the derivatives of artin l functions of finite dimensional irreducible complex representations we prove this conjecture for an important family of examples and also provide other evidence both theoretical and numerical in its support

snakes shapes and gradient vector flow snakes or active contours are used extensively in computer vision and image processing applications particularly to locate object boundaries problems associated with initialization and poor convergence to boundary concavities however have limited their utility this paper presents a new external force for active contours largely solving both problems this external force which we call gradient vector flow gvf is computed as a diffusion of the gradient vectors of a gray level or binary edge map derived from the image it differs fundamentally from traditional snake external forces in that it cannot be written as the negative gradient of a potential function and the corresponding snake is formulated directly from a force balance condition rather than a variational formulation using several two dimensional 2 d examples and one three dimensional 3 d example we show that gvf has a large capture range and is able to move snakes into boundary concavities

on the main conjecture of equivariant iwasawa theory we prove the main conjecture of equivariant iwasawa theory when 0 a word of caution theorems 1 2 3 4 5 here are theorems 1 2 5 3 4 respectively in jams the main conjecture of equivariant iwasawa theory concerns the situation where l is a xed odd prime number k k is a galois extension of totally real number elds with k q and k k nite where k k is the cyclotomic zl extension we set g g k k and k g k k s a xed nite set which will normally be suppressed in the notation of primes of k containing all primes which ramify in k and all archimedean primes and m is the maximal abelian l extension of k unrami ed outside s we set x g m k it asserts that a canonical re nement f fs of the iwasawa module x is determined by the iwasawa l function lk k lk k s of k k the data f and lk k and hom rl g qc k below have been de ned in rw2 p 562 563 1 p 558 we will not repeat the de nitions now only in 1 but brie y explain how lk k should determine f denote by g qg the completed group ring zl g of g over zl and its total ring of fractions respectively the localization sequence of k theory k1 g k1 qg k0t g k0 qg has f in k0t g the reduced norms of the wedderburn components of the semi simple algebra qg induce the map det k1 qg hom rl g qc k the iwasawa l function lk k of k k is derived from the s truncated l adic artin l functions and belongs to the above group hom the equivariant main conjecture asserts that there is a unique element k1 qg satisfying det lk k and moreover that this has f in other words is the nonabelian generalization to k k of the pseudomeasure of an abelian eld extension we acknowledge nancial support provided by dfg and nserc 1where f is denoted f

on the structure of semi t operators on bounded lattices abstract in this study we show some construction methods to obtain a semi t operator from a given pseudo t conorm and pseudo t norm on bounded lattices using these methods we prove that the known methods of constructing semi t operators on bounded lattices proposed by fang and hu are incorrect and present the correct forms at the same time furthermore some other construction methods for semi t operators on bounded lattices are also added

on the cyclotomic main conjecture for the prime 2 we complete the proof of the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture for tate motives over absolutely abelian fields by proving a refined cyclotomic main conjecture at the prime 2

the distributivity condition for uninorms and t operators in this work we study the functional equation given by the distributivity condition f x g y z g f x y f x z for all x y z 0 1 where the unknown functions f g are uninorms and or t operators we characterize all the solutions in the four possible cases i when f g are t operators ii when f is a t operator and g a uninorm iii when f is a uninorm and g a t operator and finally iv when f g are uninorms

reliable and efficient computation of optical flow in this paper we present two very efficient and accurate algorithms for computing optical flow the first is a modified gradient based regularization method and the other is an ssd based regularization method for the gradient based method to amend the errors in the discrete image flow equation caused by numerical differentiation as well as temporal and spatial aliasing in the brightness function we propose to selectively combine the image flow constraint and a contour based flow constraint into the data constraint by using a reliability measure each data constraint is appropriately normalized to obtain an approximate minimum distance of the data point to the linear flow equation constraint instead of the conventional linear flow constraint these modifications lead to robust and accurate optical flow estimation we propose an incomplete cholesky preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm to solve the resulting large and sparse linear system efficiently our ssd based regularization method uses a normalized ssd measure based on a similar reasoning as in the gradient based scheme as the data constraint in a regularization framework the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm in conjunction with an incomplete cholesky preconditioning is developed to solve the resulting nonlinear minimization problem experimental results on synthetic and real image sequences for these two algorithms are given to demonstrate their performance in comparison with competing methods reported in literature

integral invariants for shape matching for shapes represented as closed planar contours we introduce a class of functionals which are invariant with respect to the euclidean group and which are obtained by performing integral operations while such integral invariants enjoy some of the desirable properties of their differential counterparts such as locality of computation which allows matching under occlusions and uniqueness of representation asymptotically they do not exhibit the noise sensitivity associated with differential quantities and therefore do not require presmoothing of the input shape our formulation allows the analysis of shapes at multiple scales based on integral invariants we define a notion of distance between shapes the proposed distance measure can be computed efficiently and allows warping the shape boundaries onto each other its computation results in optimal point correspondence as an intermediate step numerical results on shape matching demonstrate that this framework can match shapes despite the deformation of subparts missing parts and noise as a quantitative analysis we report matching scores for shape retrieval from a database

a computational approach to edge detection this paper describes a computational approach to edge detection the success of the approach depends on the definition of a comprehensive set of goals for the computation of edge points these goals must be precise enough to delimit the desired behavior of the detector while making minimal assumptions about the form of the solution we define detection and localization criteria for a class of edges and present mathematical forms for these criteria as functionals on the operator impulse response a third criterion is then added to ensure that the detector has only one response to a single edge we use the criteria in numerical optimization to derive detectors for several common image features including step edges on specializing the analysis to step edges we find that there is a natural uncertainty principle between detection and localization performance which are the two main goals with this principle we derive a single operator shape which is optimal at any scale the optimal detector has a simple approximate implementation in which edges are marked at maxima in gradient magnitude of a gaussian smoothed image we extend this simple detector using operators of several widths to cope with different signal to noise ratios in the image we present a general method called feature synthesis for the fine to coarse integration of information from operators at different scales finally we show that step edge detector performance improves considerably as the operator point spread function is extended along the edge

on the direct decomposability of strong negations and s implication operators on product lattices in this paper we discuss the direct product of strong negations we characterize strong negations on product lattices that are direct products of strong negations furthermore we present a method for constructing t norms on product lattices which are not direct products this method is quite general and useful to generate a wide class of such t norms and solves an open problem posed in 2003 by jenei and de baets finally we study direct decompositions of s implication operators on product lattices

on main conjectures in non commutative iwasawa theory and related conjectures the main conjecture of non commutative iwasawa theory of coates fukaya kato sujatha and venjakob is shown to be equivalent modulo an appropriate torsion hypothesis to a family of main conjectures over cyclotomic zp extensions together with suitable compatibility relations between the associated abelian p adic l functions this result combines with techniques of ritter and weiss and of kakde to give a concrete strategy for deducing main conjectures for non abelian compact p adic lie extensions of arbitrarily large rank from main conjectures in the classical sense as an explicit example of this approach we combine it with a recent result of ritter and weiss to prove modulo an appropriate vanishing hypothesis on invariants the main conjecture of non commutative iwasawa theory for tate motives over compact p adic lie extensions of totally real fields of arbitrarily large rank we then deduce several interesting consequences of this result concerning a range of related conjectures including the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture 1991 mathematics subject classification primary 11s40 secondary 11r29 20c05

on the t partial order and properties for a t norm t on 0 1 a partial order t was recently defined and studied in this study for any fixed email protected 0 1 we define the set of incomparable elements according to t and this set is deeply investigated by means of the equivalence relation defined in 14 it is shown the set 0 1 denoting the set of all equivalence classes on t norms on 0 1 is uncountably infinite finally with the help of any t norm t on 0 1 it is obtained that the family t l l 0 1 of t norms on 0 1 if t is a divisible t norm then it is obtained that 0 1 t l is a lattice thus we give an answer to an open problem in 10

spatio temporal nonrigid registration for ultrasound cardiac motion estimation we propose a new spatio temporal elastic registration algorithm for motion reconstruction from a series of images the specific application is to estimate displacement fields from two dimensional ultrasound sequences of the heart the basic idea is to find a spatio temporal deformation field that effectively compensates for the motion by minimizing a difference with respect to a reference frame the key feature of our method is the use of a semi local spatio temporal parametric model for the deformation using splines and the reformulation of the registration task as a global optimization problem the scale of the spline model controls the smoothness of the displacement field our algorithm uses a multiresolution optimization strategy to obtain a higher speed and robustness we evaluated the accuracy of our algorithm using a synthetic sequence generated with an ultrasound simulation package together with a realistic cardiac motion model we compared our new global multiframe approach with a previous method based on pairwise registration of consecutive frames to demonstrate the benefits of introducing temporal consistency finally we applied the algorithm to the regional analysis of the left ventricle displacement and strain parameters were evaluated showing significant differences between the normal and pathological segments thereby illustrating the clinical applicability of our method

non commutative fitting invariants and annihilation of class groups abstract one can associate to each finitely presented module m over a commutative ring r an r ideal fitt r m which is called the zeroth fitting ideal of m over r and which is an important natural invariant of m we generalize this notion to o orders in separable algebras where o is a complete commutative noetherian local ring as an application we construct annihilators of class groups assuming the validity of the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture for a certain motive attached to a galois cm extension of number fields

uni nullnorms on bounded lattices abstract in this paper we study uni nullnorms with both neutral elements and zero elements on bounded lattices in order to illustrate the existence of uni nullnorms on bounded lattices we present two construction methods for obtaining such a uni nullnorm also we show two additional methods for the construction of idempotent nullnorms on bounded lattices which are generalizations of the one proposed by cayli and karacal furthermore we discuss the presence of idempotent uni nullnorms on bounded lattices and propose two construction methods to obtain an idempotent uni nullnorm on any bounded lattice

on the non abelian brumer stark conjecture and the equivariant iwasawa main conjecture we show that for an odd prime p the p primary parts of refinements of the imprimitive non abelian brumer and brumer stark conjectures are implied by the equivariant iwasawa main conjecture eimc for totally real fields crucially this result does not depend on the vanishing of the relevant iwasawa mu invariant in combination with the authors previous work on the eimc this leads to unconditional proofs of the non abelian brumer and brumer stark conjectures in many new cases

on derivatives of artin l series we present a universal theory of refined stark conjectures we give evidence in support of these explicit and very general conjectures including a full proof in several important cases and explain the connection to previous conjectures of bloch and kato of lichtenbaum and of serre and tate we also deduce a wide range of unconditional consequences of these results concerning the annihilation as galois modules of ideal class groups by explicit elements constructed from the values of higher order derivatives of non abelian artin l series

distributive and infinitely distributive t norms on complete lattices abstract a relation between the direct decomposability of an infinitely distributive t norm on a complete lattice l and direct decompositions of the neutral element 1 of l is obtained some useful applications of this relation are given in particularly the description of all t 1 lattices without infinitely distributive t norms on complete lattices and the description of all distributive t norms on lattices of length 2 are given the paper also contains the solutions of two open problems

on the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture in tame cm extensions let l k be a finite galois cm extension with galois group g the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture etnc for the pair h 0 rm spec l 0 mathbb z g naturally decomposes into p parts where p runs over all rational primes if p is odd these p parts in turn decompose into a plus and a minus part let l k be tame above p we show that a certain ray class group of l defines an element in k 0 mathbb z p g mathbb q p which is determined by a corresponding stickelberger element if and only if the minus part of the etnc at p holds for this we use the lifted root number conjecture for small sets of places which is equivalent to the etnc in the number field case for abelian g we show that the minus part of the etnc at p implies the strong brumer stark conjecture at p we prove the minus part of the etnc at p for almost all primes p

distributivity between uninorms and nullnorms recently the distributivity equation was investigated in families of certain operations e g triangular norms conorms uninorms and nullnorms generally the assumption of associativity is not necessary in consideration of distributivity equation moreover if we omit commutativity assumption consideration of the left and right distributivity conditions is reasonable previous results about distributivity between uninorms and nullnorms can be obtained as simple corollaries

equivariant epsilon constants discriminants and etale cohomology let l k be a finite galois extension of number fields we formulate and study a conjectural equality between an element of the relative algebraic k group k 0 mathbb z mathrm gal l k mathbb r which is constructed from the equivariant artin epsilon constant of l k and a sum of structural invariants associated to l k the precise conjecture is motivated by the requirement that a special case of the equivariant refinement of the tamagawa number conjecture of bloch and kato as formulated by flach and the second named author should be compatible with the functional equation of the associated l function we show that more concretely our conjecture also suggests a completely systematic refinement of the central approach and results of classical galois module theory in particular the evidence for our conjecture that we present here already strongly refines many of the main results of galois module theory

nullnorms on bounded lattices nullnorms are generalization of triangular norms and triangular conorms with a zero element in the interior of the unit interval in this paper we generalize nullnorms to an arbitrary bounded lattices we show the existence of nullnorms with zero element a for arbitrary element a l 0 1 using the fact that some t norms and t conorms on an arbitrary fixed bounded lattice l always exist as a by product we give a method of constructing nullnorms using this method we obtain also the smallest nullnorm and the greatest nullnorm with given zero element a some other construction methods for nullnorms are also added

integrality of stickelberger elements and the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture let l k be a nite galois cm extension of number elds with galois group g in an earlier paper the author has de ned a module sku l k over the center of the group ring zg which coincides with the sinnott kurihara ideal if g is abelian and in particular contains many stickelberger elements it was shown that a certain conjecture on the integrality of sku l k implies the minus part of the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture at an odd prime p for an in nite class of non abelian galois cm extensions of number elds which are at most tamely rami ed above p provided that iwasawa s invariant vanishes here we prove a relevant part of this integrality conjecture which enables us to deduce the equivariant tamagawa number conjecture from the vanishing of for the same class of extensions

a multiple active contour model for cardiac boundary detection on echocardiographic sequences tracing of left ventricular epicardial and endocardial borders on echocardiographic sequences is essential for quantification of cardiac function the authors designed a method based on an extension of active contour models to detect both epicardial and endocardial borders on short axis cardiac sequences spanning the entire cardiac cycle they validated the results by comparing the computer generated boundaries to the boundaries manually outlined by four expert observers on 44 clinical data sets the mean boundary distance between the computer generated boundaries and the manually outlined boundaries was 2 80 mm spl sigma 1 28 mm for the epicardium and 3 61 spl sigma 1 68 mm for the endocardium these distances were comparable to interobserver distances which had a mean of 3 79 mm spl sigma 1 53 mm for epicardial borders and 2 67 mm spl sigma 0 88 mm for endocardial borders the correlation coefficient between the areas enclosed by the computer generated boundaries and the average manually outlined boundaries was 0 95 for epicardium and 0 91 for endocardium the algorithm is fairly insensitive to the choice of the initial curve thus the authors have developed an effective and robust algorithm to extract left ventricular boundaries from echocardiographic sequences

infinitely distributive t norms on complete lattices and pseudo complements in this paper we have introduced the concepts of t prime element t prime radical element and t semi prime element and have studied their properties we have investigated the construction methods of new infinitely distributive t norms from given infinitely distributive t norms by means of t prime elements and pseudo complements if every element of l is t prime radical element then we show that l is a complete brouwerian lattice and email protected if l is an algebraic lattice t is a t norm on l and every compact element of l is idempotent then we obtain that email protected we show that l r is a complete lattice and that the restriction of t to l r is an infinitely distributive t norm on l r when t is an infinitely distributive t norm on l and 0 is a t prime we present infinitely distributive t norms on a complete sublattice l and study their properties

hybrid iwasawa algebras and the equivariant iwasawa main conjecture let p be an odd prime we give an unconditional proof of the equivariant iwasawa main conjecture for totally real fields for an infinite class of one dimensional non abelian p adic lie extensions crucially this result does not depend on the vanishing of the relevant iwasawa mu invariant