moving horizon estimation for markov jump systems in this paper we study the state estimation problem for a class of nonlinear markov jump systems with the moving horizon estimation algorithm which is an optimization based filtering method the optimal estimate is obtained by minimizing a quadratic estimation cost function defined on fixed sliding horizon measurements for this purpose the quadratic estimation cost function is formulated from the negative logarithm of the joint states distribution whose particular factorization is represented by a bayesian network by analyzing the corresponding full information estimation as a basic problem for nonlinear markov jump systems the formulation of the moving horizon estimation is developed an example is presented to compare the proposed new estimation technique with classical interacting multiple model particle filtering and show the effectiveness and advantages of the new estimation scheme

principal component analysis based on l1 norm maximization a method of principal component analysis pca based on a new l1 norm optimization technique is proposed unlike conventional pca which is based on l2 norm the proposed method is robust to outliers because it utilizes l1 norm which is less sensitive to outliers it is invariant to rotations as well the proposed l1 norm optimization technique is intuitive simple and easy to implement it is also proven to find a locally maximal solution the proposed method is applied to several datasets and the performances are compared with those of other conventional methods

robust stability and control of uncertain linear discrete time periodic systems with time delay this paper deals with the problems of robust stability analysis and robust control of linear discrete time periodic systems with a delayed state and subject to polytopic type parameter uncertainty in the state space matrices a robust stability criterion independent of the time delay length as well as a delay dependent criterion is proposed where the former applies to the case of a constant time delay and the latter allows for a time varying delay lying in a given interval the developed robust stability criteria are based on affinely uncertainty dependent lyapunov krasovskii functionals and are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities these stability conditions are then applied to solve the problems of robust stabilization and robust h control via static periodic state feedback numerical examples illustrate the potentials of the proposed robust stability and control methods

boundary control of an unstable heat equation via measurement of domain averaged temperature in this note a feedback boundary controller for an unstable heat equation is designed the equation can be viewed as a model of a thin rod with not only the heat loss to a surrounding medium stabilizing but also the heat generation inside the rod destabilizing the heat generation adds a destabilizing linear term on the right hand side of the equation the boundary control law designed is in the form of an integral operator with a known continuous kernel function but can be interpreted as a backstepping control law this interpretation provides a lyapunov function for proving stability of the system the control is applied by insulating one end of the rod and applying either dirichlet or neumann boundary actuation on the other

exponential stability for a class of boundary conditions on a euler bernoulli beam subject to disturbances via boundary control abstract this paper outlines the procedure for applying a sliding mode backstepping boundary control technique to a euler bernoulli beam subject to unknown bounded disturbances on the boundary for four different types of boundary conditions referred to in this paper as a class of boundary conditions these boundary conditions include all combinations of pinned and sliding types with control and disturbances on one boundary i e pinned pinned pinned sliding sliding pinned and sliding sliding with input on the second boundary the technique was developed for the specific case of a pinned pinned beam in the literature and in this paper the technique is generalized to the degree that it is possible to cover all four of the aforementioned cases furthermore a proof of the fully arbitrary exponential stability of the closed loop system is provided in this paper to this point only asymptotic stability was shown for the closed loop system for one case the technique outlined in this paper provides for a class of boundary conditions a controller that exponentially stabilizes the vibrations in a beam in the presence of bounded unknown disturbances the beam displacement returns to the origin and its decay is bounded by a known exponential decay function after a known finite time reaching phase

stability analysis and stabilization of 2 d switched systems under arbitrary and restricted switchings in this paper the problems of stability analysis and stabilization are investigated for discrete time two dimensional 2 d switched systems which are formulated by the well known fornasini marchesini local state space model firstly by using the switched quadratic lyapunov function approach a sufficient stability condition is established for such systems under arbitrary switching signal then the extended average dwell time technique combining with the piecewise lyapunov function approach is developed and it is utilized for the stability analysis of the 2 d switched systems for the restricted switching case based on the stability analysis results sufficient conditions are presented to stabilize the 2 d switched systems finally two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed new design techniques

two dimensional dissipative control and filtering for roesser model this paper investigates the problems of two dimensional 2 d dissipative control and filtering for a linear discrete time roesser model first a novel sufficient condition is proposed such that the discrete time roesser system is asymptotically stable and 2 d q s r hbox alpha dissipative special cases such as 2 d passivity performance and 2 d h infty performance and feedback interconnected systems are also discussed based on this condition new 2 d q s r hbox alpha dissipative state feedback and output feedback control problems are defined and solved for a discrete time roesser model the design problems of 2 d q s r hbox alpha dissipative filters of observer form and general form are also considered using a linear matrix inequality lmi approach two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed design techniques

dissipativity based resilient filtering of periodic markovian jump neural networks with quantized measurements the problem of dissipativity based resilient filtering for discrete time periodic markov jump neural networks in the presence of quantized measurements is investigated in this paper due to the limited capacities of network medium a logarithmic quantizer is applied to the underlying systems considering the fact that the filter is realized through a network randomly occurring parameter uncertainties of the filter are modeled by two mode dependent bernoulli processes by establishing the mode dependent periodic lyapunov function sufficient conditions are given to ensure the stability and dissipativity of the filtering error system the filter parameters are derived via solving a set of linear matrix inequalities the merits and validity of the proposed design techniques are verified by a simulation example

modelling and boundary control of slender curved beams abstractmodelling and boundary control of extensible and shearable slender curved beams in flow with large in plane deflection are addressed in this paper equations of motion of the beams are derived based on the difference between purely geometric deformation and actual deformation from the reference and actual configurations to a virtual straight configuration two control designs based on the lyapunov direct method are proposed for curved beams with both small and large curvature the proposed boundary controllers guarantee globally practically k exponential stabilisation of the beam s motions at the origin two lyapunov type theorems are developed for nonlinear evolution systems in hilbert space for analysis of well posedness and stability of the closed loop system

rotated orthogonal transform rot for motion compensation residual coding discrete cosine transform dct is the orthogonal transform that is most commonly used in image and video compression the motion compensation residual mc residual is also compressed with the dct in most video codecs however the mc residual has different characteristics from a nature image in this paper we develop a new orthogonal transform rotated orthogonal transform rot that can perform better on the mc residual than the dct for coding purposes we derive the proposed rot based on orthogonal constrained l1 norm minimization problem for its sparse property using the dct matrix as the starting point a better orthogonal transform matrix is derived in addition by exploring inter frame dependency and local motion activity transmission of substantial side information is avoided the experiment results confirm that with small computation overhead the rot is adaptive to change of local spatial characteristic of mc residual frame and provides higher compression efficiency for the mc residual than dct especially for high and complex motion videos

event triggered h filtering of markov jump systems with general transition probabilities abstract this paper investigates the h filtering of markov jump systems with general transition probabilities which are known uncertain and unknown the transmission from sensor to filter is determined by a mode dependent event triggered scheme the advantage of the scheme is that no restriction is imposed on a triggering scalar employing a zero order holder the resulting filtering error system is expressed by markov jump systems with time delay with the aid of a relaxed lyapunov krasovskii functional and the finlser lemma the desired h filter gains and the related triggering parameter are solved in a uniformed framework it is shown that the proposed approach is less conservative than the existing one numerical examples are given to verify the validity of the proposed method

brief paper stability and stabilization of discrete time periodic linear systems with actuator saturation this paper is concerned with the problems of stability and stabilization for discrete time periodic linear systems subject to input saturation both local results and global results are obtained for local stability and stabilization the so called periodic invariant set is used to estimate the domain of attraction the conditions for periodic invariance of an ellipsoid can be expressed as linear matrix inequalities lmis which can be used for both enlarging the domain of attraction with a given controller and synthesizing controllers the periodic enhancement technique is introduced to reduce the conservatism in the methods as a by product less conservative results for controller analysis and design for discrete time time invariant systems with input saturation are obtained for global stability by utilizing the special properties of the saturation function a saturation dependent periodic lyapunov function is constructed to derive sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the global stability of the system the corresponding conditions are expressed in the form of lmis and can be efficiently solved several numerical and practical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results proposed in the paper

output feedback stabilization of an unstable wave equation we consider the problem of stabilization of a one dimensional wave equation that contains instability at its free end and control on the opposite end in contrast to classical collocated boundary damper feedbacks for the neutrally stable wave equations with one end satisfying a homogeneous boundary condition the controllers and the associated observers designed in the paper are more complex due to the open loop instability of the plant the controller and observer gains are designed using the method of backstepping which results in explicit formulae for the gain functions we prove exponential stability and the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for the closed loop system we also derive the explicit compensators in frequency domain the results are illustrated with simulations

brief paper robust finite frequency h filtering for uncertain 2 d roesser systems this paper investigates the problem of robust finite frequency ff h filtering for two dimensional 2 d roesser models with polytopic uncertainties our attention is focused on designing filters guaranteeing the robustly asymptotic stability and ff h disturbance attenuation level of the filtering error system by the parameter dependent idea and the generalized kalman yakubovich popov lemma for 2 d roesser models the existence conditions of robust ff h filters are obtained in terms of solving an optimization problem which is more general than the existing results an example is given to validate the proposed methods the contribution of the paper is twofold 1 systematic methods are proposed for designing ff h filters for roesser models 2 an improved strategy has been presented to deal with the robust h filter design for roesser models

backstepping observers for a class of parabolic pdes in this paper we design exponentially convergent observers for a class of parabolic partial integro differential equations p i des with only boundary sensing available the problem is posed as a problem of designing an invertible coordinate transformation of the observer error system into an exponentially stable target system observer gain output injection function is shown to satisfy a well posed hyperbolic pde that is closely related to the hyperbolic pde governing backstepping control gain for the state feedback problem for several physically relevant problems the observer gains are obtained in closed form the observer gains are then used for an output feedback design in both collocated and anti collocated setting of sensor and actuator the order of the resulting compensator can be substantially lowered without affecting stability explicit solutions of a closed loop system are found in particular cases

combined techniques of singular value decomposition and vector quantization for image coding the combination of singular value decomposition svd and vector quantization vq is proposed as a compression technique to achieve low bit rate and high quality image coding given a codebook consisting of singular vectors two algorithms which find the best fit candidates without involving the complicated svd computation are described simulation results show that the proposed methods are better than the discrete cosine transform dct in terms of energy compaction data rate image quality and decoding complexity

reliable dissipative control for stochastic impulsive systems this paper deals with the problem of reliable dissipative control for a class of stochastic hybrid systems the systems under study are subject to markovian jump parameter uncertainties possible actuator failure and impulsive effects which are often encountered in practice and the sources of instability our attention is focused on the design of linear state feedback controllers and impulsive controllers such that for all admissible uncertainties as well as actuator failure occurring among a prespecified subset of actuators the stochastic hybrid system is stochastically robustly stable and strictly q s r dissipative the sufficient conditions are obtained by using linear matrix inequality lmi techniques the main results of this paper extend the existing results on h control

h filtering of periodic markovian jump systems application to filtering with communication constraints in this note a bounded real lemma brl is established for discrete time periodic markov jump linear systems mjls with nonhomogeneous finite state markov chain the brl is formulated as a finite linear matrix inequality lmi feasibility problem an application to h filtering for systems subject to limited communication capacity is then presented

adaptive directional lifting based wavelet transform for image coding we present a novel 2 d wavelet transform scheme of adaptive directional lifting adl in image coding instead of alternately applying horizontal and vertical lifting as in present practice adl performs lifting based prediction in local windows in the direction of high pixel correlation hence it adapts far better to the image orientation features in local windows the adl transform is achieved by existing 1 d wavelets and is seamlessly integrated into the global wavelet transform the predicting and updating signals of adl can be derived even at the fractional pixel precision level to achieve high directional resolution while still maintaining perfect reconstruction to enhance the adl performance a rate distortion optimized directional segmentation scheme is also proposed to form and code a hierarchical image partition adapting to local features experimental results show that the proposed adl based image coding technique outperforms jpeg 2000 in both psnr and visual quality with the improvement up to 2 0 db on images with rich orientation features

arbitrary decay rate for euler bernoulli beam by backstepping boundary feedback we consider a problem of stabilization of the euler bernoulli beam the beam is controlled at one end using position and moment actuators and has the ldquoslidingrdquo boundary condition at the opposite end we design the controllers that achieve any prescribed decay rate of the closed loop system removing a long standing limitation of classical ldquoboundary damperrdquo controllers the idea of the control design is to use the well known representation of the euler bernoulli beam model through the schrodinger equation and then adapt recently developed backstepping designs for the latter in order to stabilize the beam we derive the explicit integral transformation and its inverse of the closed loop system into an exponentially stable target system the transformation is of a novel volterra fredholm type the design is illustrated with simulations

backstepping boundary control of burgers equation with actuator dynamics in this paper we propose a backstepping boundary control law for burgers equation with actuator dynamics while the control law without actuator dynamics depends only on the signals u 0 t and u 1 t the backstepping control also depends on ux 0 t ux 1 t uxx 0 t and uxx 1 t making the regularity of the control inputs the key technical issue of the paper with elaborate lyapunov analysis we prove that all these signals are suciently regular and the closed loop system including the boundary dynamics is globally h 3 stable and well posed c 2000 elsevier science b v all rights reserved

fuzzy modeling and h control for general 2d nonlinear systems this paper investigates h control for general 2d nonlinear systems based on a 2d takagi sugeno t s fuzzy model the system under consideration is an extension of the general 2d linear system to a nonlinear case taking the spatial and structural features into consideration a 2d t s fuzzy model is first established in designing the h controller the inputs are regarded as variables independent from the states and then basis dependent free matrices are introduced it has been shown that separation of the input and state variables does not lead to any conservativeness compared with the commonly used method thus a fuzzy h controller is designed using a common free matrix resulting in only r linear matrix inequalities the computational advantage is obvious for fuzzy systems with a large number of fuzzy rules we also demonstrate that the proposed method is less computationally expensive than the approach in which the input variable state variable and its forward stepping state are all separately considered although these two methods can achieve the same optimal h performance simulation examples are used to demonstrate the technique and its advantages

1 d transforms for the motion compensation residual transforms used in image coding are also commonly used to compress prediction residuals in video coding prediction residuals have different spatial characteristics from images and it is useful to develop transforms that are adapted to prediction residuals in this paper we explore the differences between the characteristics of images and motion compensated prediction residuals by analyzing their local anisotropic characteristics and develop transforms adapted to the local anisotropic characteristics of these residuals the analysis indicates that many regions of motion compensated prediction residuals have 1 d anisotropic characteristics and we propose to use 1 d directional transforms for these regions we present experimental results with one example set of such transforms within the h 264 avc codec and the results indicate that the proposed transforms can improve the compression efficiency of motion compensated prediction residuals over conventional transforms

dissipativity based asynchronous filtering for periodic markov jump systems abstract this paper is devoted to developing a periodic and asynchronous filter for periodic markov jump systems a periodic and asynchronous filter means that the filter parameters are s periodic for a given operating mode and its operating modes are unnecessary to be identical but form a periodic hidden markov model together with the modes of the plant a sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee that the filtering error system is exponentially mean square stable and strictly q s r dissipative to realize this filter a slack matrix is introduced to deal with the nonlinearity and finsler s lemma is applied such that the decision variables are reduced finally a numerical simulation provides verification for the effectiveness of our designed filter

computation of the coding gain for subband coders a procedure to evaluate the coding gain for 2 d subband systems is explicitly presented the technique operates in the signal domain and requires the knowledge of the input process auto correlation function both the case of uniform subband and pyramid decomposition are considered in the case of a separable input process spectrum the evaluation can be performed by considering appropriately defined 1 d systems thus making the procedure very convenient in terms of computational complexity using a model that has been recently derived for difference images in motion compensated image sequence coders we compare the performance of several filter banks and transform coders in terms of coding gain and asymptotic rate distortion figures the results for intraframe and interframe coding show that uniform subband coders can have a performance superior to that of transform coders pyramidal schemes appear to have a slightly worse performance

periodic lyapunov equation based approaches to the stabilization of continuous time periodic linear systems this note is concerned with stabilization of continuous time periodic linear cpl systems with state feedback the design is based on solutions to a class of parametric periodic lyapunov differential equations pldes resulting from the problem of minimal energy control with guaranteed convergence rate by carefully studying the properties of the pldes and their solutions a continuous periodic state feedback is designed the plde based approach is effective in designing stabilizing controller for cpl systems as the designers need only to solve a linear differential equation whose solution can be obtained analytically if the system is relative simple and can be computed numerically by integration in general cases necessary and sufficient conditions on the free parameter in the plde are proposed to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system whose characteristic multiplier set can even be exactly computed accordingly a numerical example is worked out to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach

direction adaptive discrete wavelet transform for image compression we propose a direction adaptive dwt da dwt that locally adapts the filtering directions to image content based on directional lifting with the adaptive transform energy compaction is improved for sharp image features a mathematical analysis based on an anisotropic statistical image model is presented to quantify the theoretical gain achieved by adapting the filtering directions the analysis indicates that the proposed da dwt is more effective than other lifting based approaches experimental results report a gain of up to 2 5 db in psnr over the conventional dwt for typical test images subjectively the reconstruction from the da dwt better represents the structure in the image and is visually more pleasing

filtering of two dimensional periodic roesser systems subject to dissipativity abstract in this note the problem of dissipativity based filtering of two dimensional 2d periodic roesser systems is investigated a discrete time periodic roesser model extensively used in practical systems is introduced to describe 2d periodic systems moreover it is assumed that the periods of the augmented system in horizontal and vertical directions are the same which can greatly simplify stability analyses by resorting to the periodic lyapunov functional approach that depends on periodical property of the augmented system less conservative results for the existence of 2d periodic filter are presented to ensure the asymptotic stability and 2d q 1 q 2 q 3 dissipativity particularly the parameters of 2d periodic filter are derived with convex optimization method simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness and merits of the theoretical findings in addition the correlation between optimal dissipative performance indices and different lyapunov functions is revealed

backstepping approach to the arbitrary decay rate for euler bernoulli beam under boundary feedback in this article we are concerned with the boundary stabilisation of the euler bernoulli beam equation for which all eigenvalues of the control free system are located on the imaginary axis of the complex plane the fourth order system in spacial variable is transformed into a coupled heat like system this enables us to make a natural backstepping transformation in vector form to transform the system into a target system which has arbitrary decay rate the state feedback is thus designed it is shown that the original closed loop system is exponentially stable with the given arbitrary decay rate

boundary control of an anti stable wave equation with anti damping on the uncontrolled boundary abstract much of the boundary control of wave equations in one dimension is based on a single principle passivity under the assumption that control is applied through neumann actuation on one boundary and the other boundary satisfies a homogeneous dirichlet boundary condition we have recently expanded the scope of tractable problems by allowing destabilizing anti stiffness a robin type condition on the uncontrolled boundary where the uncontrolled system has a finite number of positive real eigenvalues in this paper we go further and develop a methodology for the case where the uncontrolled boundary condition has anti damping which makes the real parts of all the eigenvalues of the uncontrolled system positive and arbitrarily high i e the system is anti stable exponentially stable in negative time using a conceptually novel integral transformation we obtain extremely simple explicit formulae for the gain functions for the case with only boundary sensing available at the same end with actuation we design backstepping observers which are dual to the backstepping controllers and have explicit output injection gains we then combine the control and observer designs into an output feedback compensator and prove the exponential stability of the closed loop system

sliding mode boundary control of an euler bernoulli beam subject to disturbances in this paper a control technique is presented for an undamped pinned pinned euler bernoulli beam with control inputs and bounded disturbances on one boundary the control strategy drives the system to its origin at an arbitrary exponential rate in the presence of the disturbances this is achieved in two main steps first a backstepping transformation is used to convert the marginally stable euler bernoulli beam system to a new form that has an exponentially stable homogeneous form control inputs are needed to fully convert the system to this form however since they are distorted by unknown bounded disturbances the next step implements a sliding mode controller to account for them the proposed sliding manifolds require a combination of classical and second order techniques in order to avoid discontinuous chattering on the physical system therefore the continuous sliding mode controllers developed return the beam to its origin at an arbitrary exponential rate and do so in the presence of unknown bounded disturbances on the boundary the main contributions of this paper with respect to previous backstepping designs for the euler bernoulli beam are that all three of the following goals are accomplished together i steady state position is the origin ii decay rate has no theoretical restrictions and iii is robust to bounded disturbances

dissipativity based sampled data fuzzy control design and its application to truck trailer system this paper is concerned with the problem of dissipative control for takagi sugeno fuzzy systems under time varying sampling with a known upper bound on the sampling intervals based on the time dependent lyapunov krasovskii functional approach which makes full use of the available information about the actual sampling pattern a sufficient condition is established to guarantee the sampled data systems to be exponentially stable and strictly mathcal q mathcal s mathcal r gamma dissipative based on the criterion a design algorithm for the desired sampled data controller is proposed the effectiveness and benefits of the results developed in this paper is demonstrated by a controller design for a truck trailer system

stability analysis of two dimensional markovian jump state delayed systems in the roesser model with uncertain transition probabilities this paper is concerned with the problem of stochastic stability analysis of discrete time two dimensional 2 d markovian jump systems mjss described by the roesser model with interval time varying delays the transition probabilities of the jumping process markov chain are assumed to be uncertain that is they are not exactly known but can be estimated a lyapunov like scheme is first extended to 2 d mjss with delays based on some novel 2 d summation inequalities proposed in this paper delay dependent stochastic stability conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities lmis which can be computationally solved by various convex optimization algorithms finally two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results

modeling stabilization and control of serially connected beams many flexible structures consist of a large number of components coupled end to end in the form of a chain in this paper we consider the simplest type of such structures which is formed by n seri

brief paper adaptive boundary control for unstable parabolic pdes part iii output feedback examples with swapping identifiers we develop output feedback adaptive controllers for two benchmark parabolic pdes motivated by a model of thermal instability in solid propellant rockets both benchmark plants are unstable have infinite relative degree and are controlled from the boundary one plant has an unknown parameter in the pde and the other in the boundary condition in both cases the unknown parameter multiplies the measured output of the system which is obtained with a boundary sensor located on the opposite side of the domain from the actuator in comparison with the lyapunov output feedback adaptive controllers in krstic and smyshlyaev 2005 adaptive boundary control for unstable parabolic pdes part i lyapunov design ieee transactions on automatic control submitted for publication the controllers presented here employ much simpler update laws and do not require a priori knowledge about the unknown parameters we show how our two benchmarks examples can be combined and illustrate the adaptive stabilization design by simulation

brief paper h filtering for 2d markovian jump systems this paper is concerned with the problem of h filtering for 2d discrete markovian jump systems the mathematical model of 2d jump systems is established upon the well known roesser model our attention is focused on the design of a full order filter which guarantees the filtering error system to be mean square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed h disturbance attenuation performance sufficient conditions for the existence of a desired filter are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities lmis and the corresponding filter design is cast into a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved by using commercially available numerical software a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method

generalized h2 fault detection for two dimensional markovian jump systems this paper is concerned with the generalized h 2 fault detection for two dimensional 2 d discrete time markovian jump systems the mathematical model of the 2 d system is established upon the well known roesser model and the measurement missing phenomenon which appears typically in a network environment is modeled by a stochastic variable satisfying the bernoulli random binary distribution in addition the transition probabilities of the markovian jump process are assumed to be partly accessed that is the transition probabilities are partly known our attention is focused on the design of a fault detection filter or a residual generation system which guarantees the fault detection system to be mean square asymptotically stable and to have a prescribed generalized h 2 performance sufficient conditions for the existence of a desired fault detection filter are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities lmis a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method

direction adaptive partitioned block transform for color image coding the direction adaptive partitioned block transform da pbt is proposed to exploit the directional features in color images to improve coding performance depending on the directionality in an image block the transform either selects one of the eight directional modes or falls back to the nondirectional mode equivalent to the conventional 2 d dct the selection of a directional mode determines the transform direction that provides directional basis functions the block partitioning that spatially confines the high frequency energy the scanning order that arranges the transform coefficients into a 1 d sequence for efficient entropy coding and the quantization matrix optimized for visual quality the da pbt can be incorporated into image coding using a rate distortion optimized framework for direction selection and can therefore be viewed as a generalization of variable blocksize transforms with the inclusion of directional transforms and nonrectangular partitions as a block transform it can naturally be combined with block based intra or inter prediction to exploit the directionality remaining in the residual experimental results show that the proposed da pbt outperforms the 2 d dct by more than 2 db for test images with directional features it also greatly reduces the ringing and checkerboard artifacts typically observed around directional features in images the da pbt also consistently outperforms a previously proposed directional dct when combined with directional prediction gains are less than additive as similar signal properties are exploited by the prediction and the transform for hybrid video coding significant gains are shown for intra coding but not for encoding the residual after accurate motion compensated prediction

distributed h state estimation for stochastic delayed 2 d systems with randomly varying nonlinearities over saturated sensor networks in this paper the distributed h state estimation problem is investigated for the two dimensional 2 d time delay systems the target plant is characterized by the generalized fornasini marchesini 2 d equations where both stochastic disturbances and randomly varying nonlinearities rvns are considered the sensor measurement outputs are subject to saturation restrictions due to the physical limitations of the sensors based on the available measurement outputs from each individual sensor and its neighboring sensors the main purpose of this paper is to design distributed state estimators such that not only the states of the target plant are estimated but also the prescribed h disturbance attenuation performance is guaranteed by defining an energy like function and utilizing the stochastic analysis as well as the inequality techniques sufficient conditions are established under which the augmented estimation error system is globally asymptotically stable in the mean square and the prescribed h performance index is satisfied furthermore the explicit expressions of the individual estimators are also derived finally numerical example is exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results obtained in this paper