tectono stratigraphy of the cankiri basin late cretaceous to early miocene evolution of the neotethyan suture zone in turkey the cankoro basin straddles the izmir ankara erzincan suture zone which demar cates the former position of the northern branch of the neotethys it includes more than 3 km of pre middle miocene in fill related to late cretaceous to pre middle miocene evolution of the region the basin has developed on the upper cretaceous subduction complex and arc related basins of the neotethys ocean the basin fill includes an upper cretaceous forearc sequence over lain by paleocene with a local unconformity the upper cretaceous configuration of the cankoro basin is interpreted as a part of a forearc basin the paleocene and younger history is interpreted as a foreland sequence dominated by progressively southwards migrated depocenters in front of southward migrating thrust faults upon which a series of piggy back basins were developed ter mination of the forearc setting and beginning of foreland basin conditions indicates complete sub duction of the neotethyan oceanic crust and onset of collision between the pontides laurasia and the taurides gondwana in the paleocene thrusting and related sedimentation continued until the aquitanian early miocene

kinematics of a former oceanic plate of the neotethys revealed by deformation in the ulukisla basin turkey kinematic reconstruction of modern ocean basins shows that since pangea breakup a vast area in the neotethyan realm was lost to subduction here we develop a first order methodology to reconstruct the kinematic history of the lost plates of the neotethys using records of subducted plates accreted to former overriding plates combined with the kinematic analysis of overriding plate extension and shortening in cretaceous paleogene times most of anatolia formed a separate tectonic plate here termed anadolu plate that floored part of the neotethyan oceanic realm separated from eurasia and africa by subduction zones we study the sedimentary and structural history of the ulukisla basin turkey overlying relics of this plate to reconstruct the tectonic history of the oceanic plate and its surrounding trenches relative to africa and eurasia our results show that upper cretaceous oligocene sediments were deposited on the newly dated suprasubduction zone ophiolites 92 ma which are underlain by melanges metamorphosed and nonmetamorphosed oceanic and continental rocks derived from the african plate the ulukisla basin underwent latest cretaceous paleocene n s and e w extension until 56 ma following a short period of tectonic quiescence eo oligocene n s contraction formed the folded structure of the bolkar mountains as well as subordinate contractional structures within the basin we conceptually explain the transition from extension to quiescence to shortening as slowdown of the anadolu plate relative to the northward advancing africa anadolu trench resulting from collision of continental rocks accreted to anadolu with eurasia until the gradual demise of the anadolu eurasia subduction zone

slip along the sultanhani fault in central anatolia from deformed pleistocene shorelines of palaeo lake konya and implications for seismic hazards in low strain regions

structural evolution of the tuzgolu basin in central anatolia turkey abstract the central anatolian segment of the alpine himalayan orogen contains interior basins the largest of which is the tuzgolu salt lake basin 20 000 km2 it is bounded on the east by the tuzgolu salt lake fault zone and on the west by the yeniceoba and cihanbeyli fault zones structural stratigraphic and sedimentologic evidence suggests that the tuzgolu basin started as a fault controlled basin during late maastrichtian tectonism when the present day northwest trending faults that bound the basin were initiated these faults may have been formed as normal faults suggesting extension or strike slip faults with a normal component of movement indicating a large transtension at the time of their initiation the late maastrichtian faults were reactivated as strike slip faults in response to late eocene compression in the region that produced the central anatolian thrust belt to the north and the late eocene south dipping thrust faults of the ulukisla basin to the south this reactivation is su

tectono stratigraphy of the orhaniye basin turkey implications for collision chronology and paleogene biogeography of central anatolia abstract located along the izmir ankara erzincan suture iaes the maastrichtian paleogene orhaniye basin has yielded a highly enigmatic yet poorly dated paleogene mammal fauna the endemic character of which has suggested high faunal provincialism associated with paleogeographic isolation of the anatolian landmass during the early cenozoic despite its biogeographic significance the tectono stratigraphic history of the orhaniye basin has been poorly documented here we combine sedimentary magnetostratigraphic and geochronological data to infer the chronology and depositional history of the orhaniye basin we then assess how our new data and interpretations for the orhaniye basin impact 1 the timing and mechanisms of seaway closure along the iaes and 2 the biogeographic evolution of anatolia our results show that the orhaniye basin initially developed as a forearc basin during the maastrichtian before shifting to a retroarc foreland basin setting sometime between the early paleocene and 44 ma this chronology supports a two step scenario for the assemblage of the central anatolian landmass with incipient collision during the paleocene early eocene and final seaway retreat along the iaes during the earliest late eocene after the last marine incursion into the foreland basin our dating for the orhaniye mammal fauna 44 43 ma indicates the persistence of faunal endemism in northern anatolia until at least the late lutetian despite the advanced stage of iaes closure the tectonic evolution of dispersal corridors linking northern anatolia with adjacent parts of eurasia was not directly associated with iaes closure and consecutive uplifts but rather with the build up of continental bridges on the margins of anatolia in the alpine and tibetan himalayan orogens

source parameters of the 2005 2008 balâ sirapinar central turkey earthquakes implications for the internal deformation of the anatolian plate abstract active tectonics of central anatolia is mainly governed by the collision of the african arabian and anatolian plates which causes westward escape of anatolia along the north and east anatolian fault zones and the counterclockwise rotation of the kirsehir block with insignificant internal deformation the formation of the present day tectonic processes in this region can be deduced from geophysical prospecting and seismological data although the seismicity in central anatolia is distinctively lower than that in the northern and eastern parts of the anatolian plate small and moderate earthquakes 2 5 mw 6 0 mostly occurred in the region in the past decades or so for example intense earthquake activity was observed in the bal afsar sirapinar ankara central anatolia region in the period of 2005 to 2008 with destructive earthquakes of july 30 2005 mw 5 2 december 20 2007 mw 5 7 and december 26 2007 mw 5 6 therefore these earthquakes are crucial to analyze the shallow crustal deformation in the central anatolian block in the present study we obtained source parameters of 2005 2008 earthquake sequence using the regional moment tensor rmt inversion method we analyzed complete broad band waveforms recorded at near field distances 0 45 3 6 our results reveal nw se directed right lateral strike slip faulting and ne sw directed left lateral strike slip faulting mechanisms which are clearly correlated with the conjugate fault systems in the bal afsar sirapinar region however some earthquakes also have e w directed normal faulting components we suggest that the major characteristics of 2005 2006 and 2007 2008 earthquake activity could have been dominantly associated with left lateral and right lateral strike slip faulting mechanisms respectively the seismogenic depth is found to be about 8 10 km this result implies that earthquakes in the study region occurred mostly in the upper crust which accommodates the strain by brittle deformation furthermore our results are consistent with neotectonic features and available geophysical data e g gravity aeromagnetic and paleomagnetic reported by previous studies it may be envisioned that the joint interpretation of earthquake source parameters with those observations will shed light into the complex deformation processes for future studies

modern halolites halite oolites in the tuz golu turkey abstract halite oolites halolites and pisoids halopisoids precipitate yearly in summer in the brine conduits of the saltpans in the tuz golu saline lake central anatolia turkey these halolites are well rounded and spherical ranging between 0 7 and 2 cm in size they are composed of coarse grained halite crystals as the nucleus and by concentric halite laminae with a radial fabric as the cortex the cortex is subdivided into inner middle and outer zones each zone showing different mineralogical and morphological features these features include the presence of organic matter particles native sulphur globules gypsum anhydrite calcite laminae quartz chlorite celestite thermonatrite laminae submicroscopic halite crystals and microborings cavities and corrosion like structures our observations in the tuz golu saltpan environment and in the halolite fabrics suggest that 1 an intermittent supply of heavy brines from the saline lake into the saltpan conduits which occur under agitated conditions during pumping operations is the main genetic reason for the halolite formation and that 2 physical chemical and biological factors exert a significant influence on the mineralogical textural complexity of the cortex

the tectonic history of the nigde kirsehir massif and the taurides since the late mesozoic paleomagnetic evidence for two phase orogenic curvature in central anatolia the nigde kirsehir massif known also as the central anatolian block is bordered by the sutures of the neotethys ocean the massif suffered several deformation phases during and after the consumption of the surrounding oceans and the post collisional events of the continental pieces of anatolia in latest cretaceous to miocene previous paleomagnetic studies on the nigde kirsehir massif and its surroundings displayed either insufficient data or have claimed large rotations and or remagnetization in order to understand the tectonic history of the nigde kirsehir massif and its adjacent blocks we have sampled 147 different sites in the age range of upper jurassic to miocene from the nigde kirsehir massif throughout its w sw and e se boundaries and the central southeastern taurides the results display that except the limestones in central taurides all rocks examined carry a primary magnetization among these an important finding is that rotations between the massif and the central eastern taurides indicate an oroclinal bending with counterclockwise rotation of r 41 1 7 6 in the se and clockwise rotation of r 45 9 9 3 in the central taurides from upper cretaceous rocks with respect to the african reference direction paleomagnetic rotations in the se taurides are compatible with the vergent direction of the thrusts generated from consumption of the intra tauride ocean prior to post collisional convergence between taurides and the massif in the central taurides it has been shown that the clockwise rotation of 45 9 9 3 started in middle eocene because of a remagnetization in upper creataceous limestones the deformation was linked to the final closure of the southern neotethys and the collision between the african and eurasian plates in the nigde kirsehir massif counterclockwise rotation up to 25 5 7 3 is recognised during middle eocene and interpreted in terms of block rotation together with the taurides after the miocene a counterclockwise rotation of 16 8 3 9 along the eastern taurides shows that this area was mostly affected by the westward movement of anatolia despite the nigde kirsehir massif and its sw w area the central taurides which is recognised as stable with counterclockwise rotation less than 10

early and mid holocene palaeoenvironments as revealed by mineral magnetic geochemical and palynological data of sediments from bai nuur and ulan nuur southeastern inner mongolia plateau china bai nuur 41 degrees 38 590 n 114 degrees 30 922 e similar to 1346 m a s l and ulan nuur 41 degrees 44 214 n 115 degrees 05 630 e similar to 1246 m a s l are two small lakes situated in the transition zone between semi humid and semi arid climate regimes that runs parallel to the present limit of the southeast monsoon along the southeastern inner mongolia plateau in north china a 215 cm deep sediment sequence was recovered from bai nuur and a 244 cm deep one from ulan nuur soils were sampled from the catchments of the two lakes and dune materials from a sandy land lying further north and northwest mineral magnetic measurements were performed on the sediments soils and dune materials ams c 14 dating and analyses of particle size toc and c n and pollen composition were also made for the sediments the mineral magnetic properties of the two sediment sequences in combination with the other proxy climate data reveal the palaeoenvironmental development during early and mid holocene around the two lakes climate began to ameliorate at 10 600 or 10 500 cal bp and maximum humidity and warmth were reached during 10 600 or 10 500 9700 or 9600 cal bp around bai nuur environments remained generally wet and or warm until 7700 or 7600 cal bp climate deterioration commenced at 7700 or 7600 cal bp around bai nuur and at 7200 or 7100 cal bp around ulan nuur this deterioration intensified from 6900 or 6800 cal bp onwards around bai nuur and from 6200 or 6100 cal bp onwards around ulan nuur the differences in timing of the reconstructed environmental changes at the two short distanced sites may be due to the differences across the narrow climatic and vegetative transition zone errors and uncertainties of dating and or different chronostratigraphic frames of the two sequences the palaeoenvironments reconstructed around the two small lakes 2 3 km 2 and 8 9 km 2 coincide with a palaeoenvironmental record from anguli nuur lake a much larger lake 47 6 km 2 in the same region these data also agree with reconstructions at several other sites in different parts of the inner mongolia plateau although the holocene amelioration took place earlier than in northern mongolia c 2011 elsevier ltd and inqua all rights reserved less

re os molybdenite ages of granitoid hosted mo cu occurrences from central anatolia turkey abstract the central anatolian crystalline complex cacc where many granitoids are emplaced and related ore occurrences deposits occur is tectonically located in the alpine himalayan belt the cacc hosts numerous ore occurrences deposits cu mo fe pb and zn that are spatially associated with granitoids the calc alkaline karacaali baliseyh and basnayayla granitoids that form the northern granitoid belt of the cacc host important mo cu occurrences in this paper we document re os isotopic age data in molybdenites to determine the timing of the granitoid hosted mineralizations in the cacc the re content of molybdenite in the basnayayla is significantly higher 108 9 148 5 ppm than molybdenites from the karacaali 16 3 74 8 ppm and baliseyh 4 2 ppm two molybdenite samples from karacaali and two samples from basnayayla occurrences give re os ages ranging from 73 8 0 4 to 76 2 0 4 ma and 77 1 0 4 to 78 0 0 4 ma respectively furthermore one molybdenite sample from baliseyh gives a 73 6 0 4 ma re os age these ages are consistent with those of post collisional granitoids and indicate close relationship between mineralization events and granitic magma differentiation crystallization processes the new re os age data obtained from this study show that mineralization events developed earlier 78 77 ma in the east basnayayla as compared with the west 76 73 ma karacaali and basliseyh of central anatolia moreover one molybdenite sample from karacaali gives 76 2 ma which is very close to the basnayala ages 78 and 77 1 ma according to these data one possible explanation is that older molybdenite ages in karacaali and basnayayla probably represent the mineralization period related to crystallization differentiation processes on the other hand the younger molybdenite age 73 8 ma in the karacaali may represent prolongation of the life of magmatic hydrothermal processes cycles and or the remobilization of molybdenum within the solidified granitic system by the intrusion of the basic magma

petrogenesis and 40ar 39ar geochronology of the volcanic rocks of the usak gure basin western turkiye abstract in spite of much research over the past 30 years the dynamic evolution origin of the volcanism and geometrical stratigraphical relations of the ne sw trending basins in western anatolia are poorly understood the usak gure basin is one of the prominent ne sw trending basins developed on the northern part of the menderes massif core complex three distinct volcanic successions are found in the usak gure basin 1 the beydagi volcanic unit composed of shoshonite latites and rhyolitic lavas followed by dacitic and andesitic pyroclastic deposits 2 the payamtepe volcanic unit composed of potassic intermediate composition lavas latites and trachytes and 3 the karaagac dikes composed of andesite and latite the beydagi volcanic unit occurs in three different ne sw trending volcanic centers beydagi itecektepe and elmadag calderas from southwest to northeast respectively the oldest radiometric ages for the beydagi volcanic unit are from the elmadag volcanic center in the north and range from 17 to 16 ma the data indicate that volcanism was active during the latest early miocene the youngest radiometric age for the beydagi volcanic unit is obtained from the beydagi caldera located 12 ma in the south the data indicate that beydagi volcanism was active in the late middle miocene and migrated from north to south with time 40ar 39ar ages of the payamtepe volcanic unit are restricted to a short period between 16 0 and 15 9 ma volcanic rocks of the usak gure basin are characterized by strong enrichment in lile and lree and depletions of nb ta and ti on morb normalized multi element diagrams geochemical features of the volcanic rocks suggest that they experienced mixing processes between mafic and felsic end members and also fractional crystallization of dominantly plagioclase and pyroxenes from mixed magma compositions crustal contributions to the magma sources may also have occurred during magmatic evolution these processes have resulted in scattered major and trace element variations with respect to increasing silica contents geochemical features of the most mafic samples agree with the results of previous studies from other volcanic areas in western anatolia suggesting that the volcanic rocks in the region were derived from a mainly lithospheric mantle source that had been heterogeneously metasomatized by previous subduction events during convergence between the african and eurasia plates the volcanic activity in the region which developed synchronously with the formation of the menderes massif core complex is best explained by delamination of lithospheric mantle slices that were heterogeneously enriched by previous subduction related processes

central and eastern anatolian crustal deformation rate and velocity fields derived from gps and earthquake data abstract we present a new strain rate and associated kinematic model for the eastern and central parts of turkey in the east a quasi n s compressional tectonic regime dominates the deformation field and is partitioned through the two major structural elements of the region which are the conjugate dextral strike slip north anatolian fault zone nafz and the sinistral strike slip east anatolian fault zone eafz the observed surface deformation is similar to that inferred by anisotropy studies which sampled the region of the mantle closer to the crust i e the lithospheric mantle and the moho and is dependent on the presence or absence of a lithospheric mantle and of the level of coupling between it and the overlaying crust the areas of the central and eastern parts of turkey which are deforming at elevated rates are situated above areas with strong gradients in crustal thickness this seems to indicate that these transition zones situated between thinner and thicker crusts promote more deformation at the surface the regions that reveal elevated strain rate values are 1 the elazig bingol segment of the eafz 2 the region around the karliova triple junction including the yedisu segment and the varto fault 3 the section of the nafz that extends from the erzincan province up to the nafz ezinepazari fault junction and 4 sections of the tuz golu fault zone other regions like the adana basin a significant part of the central anatolian fault zone cafz the aksaray and the ankara provinces are deforming at smaller but still considerable rates and therefore should be considered as areas well capable of producing damaging earthquakes between m 6 and 7 this study also reveals that the central part of turkey is moving at a faster rate towards the west than the eastern part turkey and that the wedge region between the nafz and the eafz accounts for the majority of the counter clockwise rotation between the eastern and the central parts of turkey this change in movement rate and direction could be the cause of the extensional deformation and respective crustal thinning with the resulting upwelling of warmer upper mantle observed in tomographic studies for the region between the iskenderun bay and the cafz the partitioning of deformation into an extensional regime could be the cause of the relatively low levels of strain rate in the south west part of the eafz and the northern part of the dead sea fault zone finally using this new compilation of gps data for the central eastern part of turkey we obtained a new anatolia eurasia rotation pole situated at 2 01 w and 31 94 n with a rotation rate of 1 053 0 015 ma

geochemistry geochronology and cathodoluminescence imagery of the salihli and turgutlu granites central menderes massif western turkey implications for aegean tectonics abstract the menderes massif western turkey is an important metamorphic core complex located in the aegean region geochemical and geochronological data from this extensional domain facilitates our understanding of large scale extension of the earth s lithosphere s type peraluminous granites salihli and turgutlu that intrude the alasehir detachment which bounds the northern edge of the central menderes massif may have been generated due to subduction of the eastern mediterranean floor along the hellenic trench in situ th pb ion microprobe monazite ages from the granites range from 21 7 4 5 ma to 9 6 1 6 ma 1 higher uncertainty in the ages is attributed to monazite common pb but the range is consistent with cathodoluminescence cl imagery that document complex textures within the samples salihli and turgutlu granites share many similar characteristics including multiple generations of plagioclase some with shocked cores plagioclase replacing k feldspar and the development of myrmekite evidence for fluid interaction and multiple generations of microcracks and microfaults the granites may have evolved from compositionally distinct magma sources as salihli samples in general contain allanite as the major accessory mineral whereas turgutlu granites contain monazite however the cl imagery document similar alteration textures the youngest turgutlu monazite grain 11 5 0 8 ma is located in the rim of a k feldspar grain close to myrmekite and the youngest salihli monazite grain 9 6 1 6 ma is located in the outer edge of an altered plagioclase crystal these ages likely time episodes of deformation as the granites were subjected to exhumation along the alasehir detachment ages reported here are similar to dates constraining extension reported elsewhere in the aegean but indicate a level of complexity when linking movement within the menderes massif to the large scale geodynamic processes that created other metamorphic core complexes in the region difficulties exist in linking the ages obtained from the granites to specific tectonic events due to the presence of secondary alteration textures generations of mineral growth and multiple episodes of deformation

new kinematic and geochronologic evidence for the quaternary evolution of the central anatolian fault zone cafz as the kinematics of active faults that bound the anatolian plate are well studied it is now essential to improve our understanding of the style and rates of intraplate deformation to constrain regional strain partitioning and improve seismic risk assessments one of these internal structures the central anatolian fault zone cafz was originally defined as a regionally significant left lateral tectonic escape structure stretching for 700 km in a ne direction across the anatolian plate we provide new structural geomorphic and geochronologic data for several key segments within the central part of the cafz that suggest that the sinistral motion has been overstated the ecemis fault the southernmost part of the cafz has a late quaternary minimum slip rate of 1 1 0 4 mm a 1 slower than originally proposed farther north the erciyes fault has fed a linear array of monogenetic vents of the erciyes stratovolcano and 40ar 39ar dating shows a syneruptive stress field of ese wnw extension from 580 130 ka to 210 180 ka in the erciyes basin and central part of the cafz we mapped and recharacterized the erkilet and gesi faults as predominantly extensional these long term geological rates support recent gps observations that reveal ese wnw extension which we propose as the driver of faulting since 2 73 0 08 ma the slip rates and kinematics derived in this study are not typical of an escape tectonic structure the cafz is a transtensional fault system that reactivates paleotectonic structures and accommodates e w extension associated with the westward movement of anatolia

late pleistocene intraplate extension of the central anatolian plateau turkey inferences from cosmogenic exposure dating of alluvial fan landslide and moraine surfaces along the ecemis fault zone here we documented the vertical displacement slip rate extension rate and geochronology of normal faults within a narrow strip along the main strand of the ecemis fault zone the kartal cevizlik and lorut faults are normal faults that have evident surface expression within the strip terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide geochronology revealed that the kartal fault deformed the 104 2 16 5 ka aged alluvial fan surface and the cevizlik fault deformed the 21 9 1 8 ka old moraine and talus fan surfaces our topographic surveys indicated 120 10 m and 13 1 1 4 m surface breaking vertical displacements along the kartal and cevizlik faults respectively accordingly we suggest a 1 15 0 21 mm a 1 slip rate and 0 66 0 12 mm a 1 extension rate for the last 104 2 16 5 ka on the kartal fault and a 0 60 0 08 mm a 1 slip rate and 0 35 0 05 mm a 1 extension rate for the last 21 9 1 8 ka on the cevizlik fault we believe that these structures are an integral part of intraplate crustal deformation in the central anatolia they imply that intraplate structures such as the ecemis fault zone may change their mode through time presently the ecemis fault zone has been deformed predominantly by normal faults the presence of steep preserved fault scarps along the kartal cevizlik and lorut faults point to surface breaking normal faulting away from the main strand and particularly signify that these structures need to be taken into account for regional seismic hazard assessments

late cretaceous extensional denudation along a marble detachment fault zone in the kirsehir massif near kaman central turkey abstract in the central anatolian crystalline complex cacc 100 km scale metamorphic domains were exhumed in a context of north south plate convergence during late cretaceous to cenozoic times the timing kinematics and mechanisms of exhumation have been the focus of previous studies in the southern nigde massif in this study we investigate the unexplored northern area regarding the tectonic features preserved on the edges of the kirsehir massif based on detailed field mapping in the kaman area where high grade metasediments non metamorphic ophiolites and monzonitic plutons are locally exposed together close to the contact with the ophiolites west dipping foliated marble rich rocks display mylonites and discrete protomylonites with normal shear senses indicating a general top to the w nw direction both of these structures have been brittlely overprinted into cataclastic corridors parallel to the main foliation the mylonite series and superimposed brittle structures together define the kaman fault zone the study of the evolution of calcite deformation fabrics along an ew section supported by electron back scattered diffraction measurements ebsd on representative fabrics indicates that the kaman fault zone represents an extensional detachment in omerhacili in the vicinity of the baranadag quartz monzonite the metamorphic sequence shows static annealing of the calcite mylonitic fabrics this evidence suggests that intrusion took place at shallow depth 10 km into an already exhuming metamorphic sequence as a consequence for the kaman area buried metasediments have been rapidly exhumed between 84 and 74 ma 1 km ma where exhumation along a detachment zone displaying a top to the w nw shear motion took place in the mid to upper crust prior to magmatic intrusion in the late campanian as the intrusion cut through the detachment fault the main shearing deformation ceased brittle tectonics coupled with erosion likely took over during the final unroofing stages at a slower rate

the role of the early tertiary ulukisla basin southern turkey in suturing of the mesozoic tethys ocean the maastrichtian late eocene ulukisla basin is representative of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of prominent early tertiary basins in central anatolia including the tuzgolu and arkisla basins the ulukisla basin overlies an ophiolitic melange of late cretaceous age between the bolkar carbonate platform to the south and the nigde kirsehir metamorphic massif to the north the basin stratigraphy records successive phases of transgression subsidence volcanism evaporite deposition deformation and uplift subsidence curves are consistent with an extensional or transtensional basin origin terminated by uplift the ulukisla basin includes a thick succession c 2 km of upper paleocene lower eocene basaltic to andesitic submarine pillow lavas lava flows volcaniclastic rocks and intercalated limestones whole rock xrf chemical analysis indicates a within plate origin with a marked subduction influence believed to be inherited rather than contemporaneous the ulukisla basin formed after late cretaceous ophiolite and melange emplacement and ended with late eocene emergence deformation and onset of oligo miocene non marine deposition we propose that late cretaceous ophiolite and melange emplacement reflect initial ocean basin closure this was followed by a long period c 30 ma of microcontinental adjustment including possible strike slip palaeorotation and suture tightening during which the early tertiary ulukisla basin developed possible driving forces were regional slab pull of a relict subduction zone or oblique diachronous convergence suture tightening was complete by late eocene time marked by collisional deformation and regional uplift

sedimentology petrography and diagenesis of eocene oligocene evaporites the tuzhisar formation sw sivas basin turkey abstract the study area is situated in the southwestern part of the sivas basin sediments of the ortakoy formation middle upper eocene of flysch facies were deposited in a shallow marine environment and consist of interstratified sandstone shale and calcareous mudstone the karaziyaret basaltic dikes cut the ortakoy formation the ortakoy formation is comformably overlain by the evaporite dominated tuzhisar formation gradual transitions between these two stratigraphic units crop out between yenikoy and yenituzhisar villages the tuzhisar formation is composed mainly of secondary gypsum which originated from the hydration of precursor anhydrite rock the formation has been subdivided into three members yenikoy kullu and selimiye members yenikoy lower evaporite unit and kullu upper evaporite unit members contain gypsum sequences up to 70 m thick the selimiye member lower middle oligocene which consists mainly of red clastic units interrupt and gradationally overlies laterally and vertically these two members in the gypsum of the yenikoy member nodular nodular banded laminated banded lithofacies with enterolithic and chicken wire structures are distinguished these associations indicate a sabkha or shallow water setting of deposition such as a lagoon secondary gypsum in the tuzhisar formation generally displays alabastrine and porphyroblastic textures with corroded anhydrite relics associated minerals are dolomite calcite celestite and lutecite the kullu member is composed of irregular thick bedded massive locally brecciated secondary gypsum probably formed by multiple synsedimentary collapse after the dissolution of pre existing soluble minerals and or by paleoslumping related to synsedimentary tectonism however most of the evidence for the origin of the breccia has been destroyed by intense karstification

a miocene onset of the modern extensional regime in the isparta angle constraints from the yalvac basin southwest turkey the pre neogene tauride fold and thrust belt comprising cretaceous ophiolites and metamorphic rocks and non metamorphic carbonate thrust slices in southern turkey is flanked and overlain by neogene sedimentary basins these include poorly studied intra montane basins including the yalvac basin in this paper we study the stratigraphy sedimentology and structure of the yalvac basin which has a middle miocene and younger stratigraphy our results show that the basin formed as a result of multi directional extension with ne sw to e w extension dominating over subordinate nw se to n s extension we show that faults bounding the modern basin also governed basin formation with proximal facies close to the basin margins grading upwards and basinwards into lacustrine deposits representing the local depocentre the yalvac basin was a local basin but a similar contemporaneous history recently reconstructed from the altinapa basin 100 km to the south shows that multi directional extension dominated by e w extension was a regional phenomenon extension is still active today and we conclude that this tectonic regime in the study area has prevailed since middle miocene times previously documented e w shortening in the isparta angle along the aksu thrust 100 km to the southwest of our study area is synchronous with the extensional history documented here and e w extension to its east shows that anatolian westwards push is likely not the cause synchronous e w shortening in the heart and e w extension in the east of the isparta angle may be explained by an eastwards dipping subduction zone previously documented with seismic tomography and earthquake hypocentres we suggest that this slab surfaces along the aksu thrust and creates e w overriding plate extension in the east of the isparta angle neogene and modern anatolian geodynamics may thus have been driven by an aegean antalya and cyprus slab segment that each had their own specific evolution

structure and kinematics of the central sivas basin turkey salt deposition and tectonics in an evolving fold and thrust belt this work has been made possible by funding from total s a in the framework of the structural geology chair at e2s university of pau pays adour held by jean paul callot

crustal thickness variations in the aegean region and implications for the extension of continental crust 1 we installed 5 broadband and 45 short period temporary seismic stations distributed partly as a dense 100 km long n s linear array and partly as a regional network throughout the menderes massif of western turkey in order to study crust upper mantle structure and seismicity in this study we have combined teleseismic waveform data from these stations with data from several permanent seismic stations to determine crustal thickness variations in the aegean region receiver function studies at seven broadband stations using the h stacking method have yielded crustal thicknesses and vp vs ratios over a broad region of the aegean a more detailed crustal image was obtained in the central menderes massif where we applied common conversion point stacking to receiver functions obtained from the n s linear array the results show a general trend of westward crustal thinning from 36 km in central anatolia to 28 30 km in the central menderes massif to 25 km beneath the aegean sea the results also indicate that crustal thinning in the aegean is not uniform in the n s extensional direction the crust is thinner in the central menderes massif 28 30 km of crustal thicknesses and the cycladic massif 25 26 km than in surrounding regions where crustal thicknesses are 32 34 km the long lived elevated moho under the metamorphic core complexes suggests that the lower crust in the aegean region is at least 3 times more viscous than that in the basin and range province where the moho is much flatter

source characteristics and b values of the tuz golu fault zone in central anatolia turkey abstract we investigate significant earthquake sequences in the observation period between 2000 and 2018 along the tuz golu fault zone in central anatolia these sequences include a series of strong events with moment magnitudes mw 5 0 e g 30 july 2005 bala ankara mw 5 2 20 december 2007 bala ankara mw 5 7 and 26 december 2007 mw 5 6 afsar ankara earthquakes the mainshocks are shallow focus strike slip events with minor normal component at depths of 12 15 km focal depths of aftershocks range from 2 to 30 km the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are mainly normal faulting with variable strike slip components the geometry of focal mechanisms reveals a normal faulting regime with e w and also ne sw trending directions of t axis in the entire activated region a stress tensor inversion of focal mechanism data is performed to acquire a more accurate picture of the tuz golu fault zone stress field the stress tensor inversion results display a predominant normal stress regime with a nne ssw oriented maximum horizontal compressive stress sh according to high resolution hypocenter relocations of the tuz golu fault zone seismic sequences eight clusters are revealed the aftershock activities in the observation period between 5 march 2000 and 2 june 2018 extend from nw to se direction seismic cross sections show that a complex pattern of the hypocenter distribution with the activation of tuz golu fault zone segments the western clusters are associated with a fault plane trending mainly n s and dipping towards almost vertical while the eastern clusters are related to a fault plane trending nw and dipping towards se direction the best constrained focal depths are mainly confined in the crust depth

high pressure metasediments in central turkey constraints on the neotethyan closure history 1 the distribution of oceanic domains and continental blocks in central anatolia remains a challenge in understanding the alpine geodynamic evolution of the tethys realm the consumption of a neotethys oceanic branch at the mesozoic cenozoic boundary welded the central anatolian crystalline complex in central turkey and the anatolide tauride block in western turkey with the northerly eurasian margin whether those two regions constituted a single or two distinct continental masses is still matter of debate high pressure metamorphism has been locally evidenced in the afyon zone which was however defined as a greenschist facies metamorphic zone of the anatolide tauride block since the afyon zone composes a metamorphic equivalent of a continental margin exposed far south of the izmir ankara suture zone this encouraged us to reevaluate its metamorphic evolution in order to better understand the relation between western and central turkey our investigations reveal that the high pressure minerals fe mg carpholite and glaucophane are present in the entire afyon zone which we reconsider as a blueschist facies zone we additionally present a tectonic reconstruction stripping off the postcollisional tectonics it reveals that today s bending of the high pressure belt is consistent with an eocene collision of the anatolide tauride block around the southern edge of the central anatolian crystalline complex we argue that the central anatolian crystalline complex and the anatolide tauride block were two distinct continental masses separated by a neotethyan oceanic stripe the closure of which engendered subduction related metamorphism in the latter and arc volcanism and high grade metamorphism in the former by late cretaceous to early cenozoic

linking slab break off hellenic trench retreat and uplift of the central and eastern anatolian plateaus abstract the central and eastern anatolian plateaus are integral parts of the world s third largest orogenic plateau in the past decade geophysical surveys have provided insights into the crust lithosphere and mantle beneath eastern anatolia these observations are now accompanied by recent surveys in central anatolia and new data constraining the timing and magnitude of uplift along its northern and southern margins together with predictions from geodynamic models on the effects of various processes on surface deformation and uplift the observations can be integrated to identify probable mechanisms of anatolian plateau growth a changeover from shortening to extension along the southern margin of central anatolia that is coeval with the start of uplift can be most easily associated with oceanic slab break off and tearing this interpretation is supported by tomography deep seismicity or lack thereof and gravity data based on the timing of uplift geophysical and geochemical observations and model predictions slab break off likely occurred first beneath eastern anatolia in middle to late miocene time and propagated westward toward cyprus by the latest miocene alternatively the break off near cyprus could have occurred in late pliocene to early pleistocene time in association with collision of the eratosthenes seamount continental fragment with the subduction zone uplift at the northern margin of central anatolia appears to result from crustal shortening starting in the late miocene or early pliocene which has been linked to the broad restraining bend of the north anatolian fault the uplift history of the interior of central anatolia since the late miocene is unclear although shortening there appears to have ended by the late miocene followed by ne sw extension this change in the deformation style broadly coincides with faster retreat of the hellenic trench as well as uplift of the northern and southern margins of central anatolia these different events throughout the plateau may be linked as faster retreat of the hellenic trench has been predicted to occur after slab break off which could have induced extension of central anatolia and helped to form the north anatolian fault through accelerated westward movement of anatolia relative to eurasia correlative geochronologic evidence that we summarize here supports the hypothesis that the geodynamic activity throughout the aegean anatolian domain starting in latest miocene to early pliocene time defines a series of events that may all be linked to slab break off

tectono stratigraphy of the neogene basins in western turkey implications for tectonic evolution of the aegean extended region abstract the western part of the aegean region includes several neogene basins containing volcano sedimentary successions the neogene basins located along the northern menderes extensional metamorphic complex memc were developed during the miocene as supra detachment basins they contain two distinct volcano sedimentary successions separated by a regional unconformity the basins located to the west of the memc were developed as strike slip basins and contain volcanic and sedimentary units getting younger from ne to sw with no remarkable unconformity available paleomagnetic studies in the aegean region suggest to us that the basins to the west of the memc were developed in response to southward clockwise rotational roll back of the aegean subduction zone the eastern margin of this rotational deformation is characterized on the surface by a large strike slip zone which is known as izmir balikesir transfer zone ibtz the sedimentary successions in the basins along the northern memc do not show southward younging and are interpreted to be developed in response to exhumation of the memc during the pliocene to quaternary e w trending grabens such as the gediz alasehir buyuk and kucuk menderes grabens were developed in response to tectonic escape accompanying the slab roll back process these grabens truncate the memc basins during this time strike slip deformation and associated sedimentation continued along the ibtz

natural and anthropogenic radionuclide distributions in the northwest atlantic ocean we have used in situ pumps which filter large volumes of sea water through a 1 m cartridge prefilter and two mno2 coated cartridges to obtain information on dissolved and particulate radionuclide distributions in the oceans two sites in the northwest atlantic show subsurface maxima of the fallout radionuclides137cs 239 240pu and241am although the processes of scavenging onto sinking particles and release at depth may contribute to the tracer distributions comparison of predicted and measured water column inventories suggests that at least 35 50 of the pu and241am are supplied to the deep water by advection the depth distributions of the naturally occurring radionuclides232th 228th and230th reflect their sources to the oceans 232th shows high dissolved concentrations in surface waters presumably as a result of atmospheric or riverine supply activities of232th decrease with depth to values 0 01 dpm 1000 l 228th shows high activities in near surface and near bottom water due to the distribution of its parent 228ra dissolved230th produced throughout the water column from234u decay increases with depth to 3000 m values in the deep water 3000 m are nearly constant 0 6 0 7 dpm 1000 l and the distribution of this tracer and perhaps other long lived particle reactive tracers as well may be affected by the advection inferred from pu and241am data the ratio of particulate to dissolved activity for both230th and228th is 0 15 0 20 this similarity precludes the calculation of sorption rate constants using a simple model of reversible sorption equilibrium moreover in mid depths228th tends to have a higher particulate dissolved ratio than230th suggesting uptake and release of230th and228th by different processes this could occur if228th produced in surface water were incorporated into biogenic particles formed there and released as those particles dissolved or decomposed during sinking 230th produced throughout the water column may more closely approach a sorption equilibrium at all depths 230th 241am and239 240pu are partitioned onto particles in the sequence th am pu with 15 of the230th on particles compared with 7 for am and 1 for pu distribution coefficients kd are 1 3 1 6 107 for th 5 6 106 for am and 7 10 105 for pu the lower reactivity for pu is consistent with analyses of pu oxidation states which show 85 oxidized v vi pu however thekd value for pu may be an upper limit because pu like228th may be incorporated into particles in surface waters and released at depth only by destruction of the carrier phase

kinematic and thermal evolution of the haymana basin a fore arc to foreland basin in central anatolia turkey abstract gondwana tauride kirsehir blocks and eurasia pontides derived continental blocks delimit the haymana basin central turkey to the south and the north respectively the boundaries of these blocks define the izmir ankara erzincan and intra tauride suture zones which are straddled by a number of late cretaceous to oligocene marine to continental basins the haymana basin is located at the junction of the iaesz and itsz and comprises upper cretaceous to middle eocene basin infill deposited in response to the interaction of these blocks the basin provides a unique opportunity to unravel spatio temporal relationships related to the timing of late stage subduction history of neo tethys ocean and subsequent collision of the intervening continental blocks we have conducted a multidisciplinary study in the region that includes mapping of major structures combined with fault kinematic analyses e w striking folds dominate the basin cross section balancing of these structures indicates around 25 roughly n s shortening in the region paleostress studies indicate that the basin was initially subjected to n s to nne ssw extension until the middle paleocene phase 1 and then n s directed syn depositional compression and coeval e w directed extension until the middle miocene phase 2 implying strike slip deformation and pure shear shortening in the basin these different deformation phases are attributed to first fore arc subduction basin development then foreland collision stages of the basin apatite u th he dating of 5 samples indicate that exhumation of the se segment of the basin started in early oligocene whereas the nw segment of the basin exhumed in the early miocene the differential uplift is possibly related to progressive north westwards movement of derekoy basin bounding fault at the north we propose that the haymana basin evolved from extensional forearc basin during the late cretaceous to early paleocene and foreland basin after the terminal subduction and subsequent collision of tauride and pontide blocks

stratigraphical evidence for the depression of the northern margin of the menderes tauride block turkey during the late cretaceous abstract upper cretaceous units on the menderes tauride block show a transition from a passive continental margin to a pelagic basin this transition is related to the emplacement of ophiolitic nappes the pelagic sediments were studied in the aydincik and arslankoy mersin areas in the central tauride region and in the munzur mountains in eastern tauride region in the aydincik area upper cretaceous units consist of upper campanian carbonate breccias with rudist fragments upper campanian lower maastrichtian slope to basinal sediments overlie these carbonate breccias disconformably in the arslankoy area the upper campanian maastrichtian yavca formation consists of globotruncana bearing biomicrites siliciclastic turbidites calciturbidites and debris flows and overlies jurassic cretaceous platform carbonates disconformably the uppermost levels of the liassic cenomanian platform carbonates in the munzur mountains are composed of cenomanian hippurites orbitolina bearing reefal limestones and then turonian campanian globotruncanidae bearing biomicrites the stratigraphic sequence in the menderes tauride block shows that rifting to form a northern neotethyan basin took place in the triassic and gave rise to the inner tauride ocean from jurassic to cenomanian times the northern part of the menderes tauride platform formed a passive continental margin in the late cretaceous the inner tauride ocean is believed to have commenced intra oceanic northward subduction inner tauride oceanic crust derived nappes were emplaced southward onto the menderes tauride block flexural foreland basins in which pelagic sediments were deposited were formed in the taurus mountains related to southward thrusting and the emplacement of the ophiolite nappes