glaciotectonic deformations in the jammerbugt and glaciodynamic development in the eastern north sea the quaternary geology in the eastern part of the north sea is characterized by large scale glaciotectonic complexes the northernmost complex is the jammerbugt glaciotectonic complex here addressed which occupies an area of more than 300 km2 it was recently recognized during an investigation of conventional seismic profiles located about 10 km offshore the west coast of northern denmark the deformed bedrock includes the main part of the cretaceous chalk group in the north sea in the northern part of the complex the detachment surface is situated in lower cretaceous greensand about 400 m below sea level in the central part of the complex the thrusting ramps the strong reflectors at the base of the chalk group and the detachment surface continues in the lower part of the upper cretaceous chalk in the tectonic depression north of the complex marine and glaciomarine deposits represent the eemian early weichselian skaerumhede group indicating a saalian age of the glaciotectonic deformation the balancing of the thrust fault structures shows that the thrust sheets in the tailing end of the complex had their source in the skagerrak sea the hole caused by displacement contributed to formation of the skagerrak depression i e early stage of the norwegian trench

antarctic cryogenic sediments biotic and inorganic facies of ice shelf and marine based ice sheet environments abstract cryogenic sediments defined as marine deposits that form in association with ice icebergs sea ice ice shelves or marine based ice sheets are widespread in high latitude regions existing models for cryogenic depositional processes are of limited utility because of 1 lack of direct observational data 2 reliance on older land exposed sections from which inferential conclusions have been drawn 3 employment of inadequate glaciologic and oceanographic concepts and 4 failure to incorporate adequately information on the biotic content of these deposits as a first step toward developing a synthetic model for cryogenic deposition we relate glaciologic sedimentologic and biotic processes of the modern ice shelf and marine based ice sheet environments using data from antarctic continental shelves the principal deposit beneath grounded marine based ice sheets is lodgement till which often contains reworked and fragmented fossil material this till is identical in all important sedimentologic respects with terrestrial lodgement deposits marine lodgement tills commonly form geographically extensive sheets which are restricted to continental shelf sites and which may be differentiated from other cryogenic deposits by their high degree of compaction and reworked fossils waterlain till may form beneath grounded ice in areas where debris melting out of the glacier sole falls through a thin water layer up to a few m between the ice and its bed waterlain till usually lacks fossil material unless the source material for the subglacial debris is fossiliferous and is less compact than lodgement till deposition beneath large polar ice shelves e g ross filchner ronne is largely restricted to a zone probably km in width near the grounding line in this zone a complex of primary and secondary cryogenic deposits including waterlain till ice shelf rafted detritus isrd flow till slumps etc is likely to interfinger processes controlling this deposition include local basal conditions of the ice sheet and ice shelf freezing or melting presence or absence of subglacial outflow marine currents and tidal action sediment supply long and short term grounding line movement sea floor topography and water depth deposition of isrd is limited elsewhere beneath these large ice shelves because high surface accumulation rates cause downward particle paths for ice and debris thus most debris is released soon after passing the grounding line biotic activity beneath ice shelves declines rapidly in diversity and abundance between the calving margin and grounding line deposition rates seaward of the calving margin are much higher than beneath the large ice shelves here icebergs derived from outlet glaciers and ice streams that terminate directly in the sea may carry significant loads of subglacial englacial or superglacial debris which is released by a variety of mechanisms as the icebergs melt this ice rafted detritus mixes with biotic material from planktonic organisms as it falls through the water column to form compound ibrd if currents are present in the water column or at the seafloor sorting may occur to form residual ibrd on shallow banks grounded icebergs carrying subglacial debris may melt in situ forming iceberg till and iceberg ploughing of sediment may form iceberg turbate both these deposits may be difficult to distinguish from lodgement till but both are restricted to areas with modern water depths less than 450 m

surface water δ18o in the marginal china seas and its hydrological implications surface water 18o distribution in the marginal china seas including the south yellow and east china seas yecs and the northern south china sea nscs and its relationship with salinity were investigated to gain insight into the surface hydrological processes in these seas in the yecs where 18o and salinity varied in relatively large ranges seasonally different slopes of 18o salinity linear fits i e 0 26 0 02 in summer and 0 23 0 01 in winter were observed in the nscs 18o and salinity ranged narrower than in the yecs and exhibited a similar linear relationship in winter but a poor correlation in summer the saline surface water end members were nearly identical in 18o and salinity in both the yecs and nscs and showed different values between summer and winter these saline end members were distinct from the reported values of the kuroshio water kw which might be related to modification of kw mainly by atmospheric forcing using a simple mixing model we showed that the observed significant linear 18o salinity relationships in the yecs were caused mainly by great terrestrial freshwater influx the observed poor correlation between 18o and salinity in the summer nscs was likely associated with the relatively minor runoff contribution although in wet period to the freshwater end member the still good relationship in the nscs during the dry wintertime however was attributable to the strong china coastal current flowing from the ecs to the nscs through the taiwan strait driven by the prevailing northeast monsoon

pleistocene chronostratigraphy in estonia southeastern sector of the scandinavian glaciation abstract pleistocene chronostratigraphy in estonia is based on 29 studied sites sections the dating of which covers a span from approximately 200 ka bp to the pleistocene holocene chronostratigraphic boundary and a local varved clay chronology for eastern estonia which enables tentative correlation of lateglacial lg events to finnish and swedish varve chronologies analysis of existing and unpublished data was used to review the current pleistocene chronostratigraphy and particularly the history of weichselian cold stage in estonia osl ages from fluvial deposits that included the korvekula holsteinian or rongu eemian continental interglacial deposits revealed that the pre weichselian interglacial deposits were glacially dislocated during the weichselian available osl tl and 14 c dates and new 14 c ams ages of mammoth bones indicate ice free conditions between 105 and 68 ka bp and a comparatively mild middle weichselian between 43 and 22 ka bp the lg chronology indicates in general rapid average 110 m yr deglaciation of the territory between ca 14 7 and 12 7 ka bp the duration of the late weichselian glaciation in estonia ranged between 7 3 and 9 3 ka

late pliocene pleistocene environments and glacial history of the northern north sea abstract based on new geochronological amino acids and sr isotopes and lithological data combined with analyses of 3d seismic data the pliocene pleistocene development of the central northern north sea has been investigated at the start of the plio pleistocene transition the study area was dominated by a deltaic shallow marine or tidal depositional environment with sediments mainly sourced from the west these sand rich sediments include green glauconitic grains that belong to the utsira sand with a local provenance directly above the base quaternary r2 a 60 m thick layer of mud rich sediments of glacimarine origin were deposited at a rate of 12 cm ka between 2 1 5 ma and up to 80 cm ka between 1 5 and 1 2 ma possibly reflecting glacial ice advancing to the norwegian coastline the high rate of deposition in the early pleistocene occurred immediately before the initiation of the norwegian channel ice stream at 1 1 ma following this a large part of the sediment input from fennoscandia seems to have been directed away from the study area to the shelf break at the start of the mid pleistocene transition mpt subaerial conditions allowed the formation of a 50 km long fluvial channel across the study area draining water from the east to the south west the earliest evidence of grounded ice in the investigated area comes from mega scale glacial lineations formed during the mpt at or just after 1 2 ma following this a regional unconformity r4 was formed by one or more grounded ice advances across the study area possibly during or directly after the mpt and likely marks the boundary between the early and mid pleistocene glacimarine sediments the mid to late pleistocene stratigraphy is dominated by glacimarine sediments and tills and is associated with multiple generations of tunnel valleys observed within the seismic data a high shear strength till containing chalk clasts transported from the west and or south of the study area was likely deposited during mis6 and may have been more conducive to tunnel valley formation in comparison to lower shear strength tills deposited by later ice advances a thick till unit overlain by a sand layer in the study area was deposited by grounded ice during the last glacial maximum and subsequent drainage of an ice dammed lake in the southern north sea during the last deglaciation mis2 of the study area this study shows that much of the quaternary age sediments within the northern north sea were deposited relatively rapidly during short periods of time probably leaving significant hiatuses within the stratigraphic record this finding has implications for previous studies that use a chronological framework assuming a relatively continuous sedimentation rate and record for the early pleistocene within the north sea

a numerical study on the formation of upwelling off northeast taiwan 1 we examined the spatial and temporal variations of upwelling off northeast taiwan using a fine resolution numerical model with realistic bathymetry the zonally running shelf break in the area deflects the kuroshio seaward and produces upwelling on its on shelf edge the upwelling in turn manifests a cold dome or a cyclonic eddy in depths below 150 m or so the upwelling and hence the cyclonic eddy exist year round above this depth the eddy waxes and wanes as the upper portion of the kuroshio migrates seaward and shoreward respectively the eddy event fluctuates in a wide range of timescales seasonally the occurrence heavily favors summer rather than winter because the mean kuroshio axis migrates seaward in summer intraseasonally the fluctuation contains two dominant periods centered at 70 days and 30 days local wind forcing and channeling by two local canyons do not affect the eddy statistics significantly

seasonal exchanges of the kuroshio and shelf waters and their impacts on the shelf currents of the east china sea previous in situ observations and modeling studies have indicated that through mass and momentum exchanges across the shelf edge the kuroshio can significantly influence the shelf currents of the east china sea ecs here instead of localized observations this study uses 25yr of drifter data supported by satellite and other data to identify seasonal cross shelf exchanges along the entire shelf edge the authors show that kuroshiomeandersonshorefromfalltowinterandoffshorefromspringtosummer withthelargestamplitude northeast of taiwan the influence is limited to the shelf edge when the kuroshio meanders offshore in spring and summer by contrast strong onshelf intrusions and cross shelf exchanges occur when the kuroshio meanders onshore in fall and winter drifters intrude onshelf northeast of taiwan and spread as far north as 308n against the strong northeasterly wind the forcing on the shelf is identified as a northward downsloping of the sea level that is steepest north of taiwan at 258 288n but which is 3 times weaker farther north the vorticity budget computed from a numerical model indicates that intrusion during fall andwinter is primarily a result of balancebetweenonshelfadvectionofambientpotentialvorticityandvorticityproductionbythealong isobath pressure gradient acting on the changing mass of water column across the continental slope

paleogene stable isotope events the oxygen isotope record in paleogene benthic foraminifera shows that at the base of the paleogene the ocean deep waters had a temperature of about 10 c rising to about 12 c at the base of the eocene and cooling between 51 ma and 49 ma to about 9 c the most dramatic event occurred just after the eocene oligocene boundary at about 35 8 ma when ocean deep waters cooled by several degrees within 104 105 yr probably in association with temporary glaciation in the antarctic region another more intense glacial event in antarctica may have occurred later in the oligocene at about 31 ma and a third near the top of the oligocene at 24 ma in the marine carbon isotope record a very rapid negative excursion occurred precisely at the cretaceous tertiary boundary a recovery to unusually positive values in the late paleocene was followed by a second negative excursion close to the paleocene eocene boundary that was even more extreme in magnitude although it was not as rapid these major carbon isotope events permit very accurate stratigraphic correlation there are many other smaller features in the carbon isotope record that will also prove useful for this purpose

coastal upwelling in the east china sea in winter 1 the dynamic mechanisms of the upwelling off the east china sea ecs coast in wintertime are studied first the upwelling signals off the ecs coast are identified by the observed temperature salinity nutrients and dissolved oxygen data obtained during the cruises in january 1999 the masnum wave tide circulation coupled model is then employed to simulate the hydrography of the ecs comparisons between the simulations and observations show that the model performance is satisfactory on the basis of successful simulation four numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the upwelling mechanisms the results suggest that the density or salinity front which separates the inshore low salinity coastal water and the offshore taiwan warm current twc is the primary inducement for the upwelling owing to strong density gradient the baroclinic pressure gradient force pgf is quite large near the frontal zone and this pgf elicits an upwelling branch along the topography slope wind twc and tide affect the density front in extension and intensity thus exerting subsidiary influences on the upwelling according to ekman s theory the northerly monsoon is downwelling favorable however the net effects of wind on the upwelling off the ecs coast in winter are positive because it drives the changjiang river diluted water cdw flowing southward and forms the density front similarly the resultant effects of twc on the upwelling are negative for obstructing the pathway of cdw tide contributes to the upwelling because tidal mixing facilitates the expansion of cdw

the movement of gravel by the alga fucus vesiculosus l on an arctic intertidal flat abstract measurements of the weights of gravel clasts with attached fucoid algae fucus vesiculosus from an arctic intertidal flat at pangnirtung in northern canada indicate that stones are floated when the algae is at least three times heavier than the clast when the algae is not large enough to float the clast to which it is attached the form drag and lift which it provides allow moderate tidal currents to move very much larger stones than would be possible otherwise these mechanisms offer a means of transporting coarse sediments to deep water where they may augment or be confused with ice rafted materials

the pattern and variability of winter kuroshio intrusion northeast of taiwan the variations of the kuroshio path and velocity northeast of taiwan are analyzed based on along track satellite altimeter data as well as high resolution model experiments observations reveal that in winter the kuroshio intrusion into the east china sea ecs at this location is manifested by a secondary maximum current core smcc shoreward of the kuroshio s main path the smcc varies significantly on interannual time scale and its variability is strikingly out of phase with that of the kuroshio entering the ecs meaning that the stronger the kuroshio the weaker the smcc and vice versa model experiments corroborate the observational results and more importantly indicate that the kuroshio intrusion here follows two primary routes a large anticyclonic loop that separates from the kuroshio at the northern end of taiwan and moves forward to form the smcc and a straight northward path onto the shelf when the kuroshio turns sharply eastward along the continental slope of the ecs the intrusion is controlled by both local forcing and remote effect with its pattern and variability depending mostly on the local heat flux and the inertia of the kuroshio current

tertiary oxygen isotope synthesis sea level history and continental margin erosion tertiary benthic and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records are correlated to a standard geomagnetic polarity time scale making use of improved chronostratigraphic control and additional oligocene isotope data synchronous changes in both benthic and planktonic 18o values which occurred in the oligocene to miocene 36 5 2 ma are interpreted in part to represent ice growth and decay the inferred ice growth events correlate with erosion on passive continental margins as interpreted from seismic and chronostratigraphic records this association is consistent with a link between oligocene to miocene erosional events and rapid 15 m m y glacioeustatic lowerings of about 50 m high benthic foraminiferal 18o values suggest the presence of continental ice sheets during much of the oligocene to recent 36 0 ma substantially ice free conditions probably existed throughout the paleocene and eocene 66 36 ma the mechanisms and rates of sea level change apparently were different between the early and late tertiary with glacioeustatic changes restricted to the past 36 m y pre oligocene erosion on passive continental margins was caused by eustatic lowerings resulting from global spreading rate changes we apply a model which suggests that large areas of the continental shelves were subaerially exposed during such tectonoeustatic lowstands stimulating slope failure and submarine erosion the different mechanisms and rates of eustatic change may have caused contrasting erosional patterns between the early and late tertiary on passive continental margins this speculation needs to be confirmed by examination of data from several passive margins

numerical study of the ocean circulation on the east china sea shelf and a kuroshio bottom branch northeast of taiwan in summer using the regional ocean model system the ocean circulation on the east china sea ecs shelf was examined by a fine resolution model which was nested in a coarse resolution pacific ocean model the high resolution simulation shows an accurate volume transport of 2 70 sv sv 10 6 m 3 s 1 through the tsushima strait which is more consistent with the previous 5 5 year observation value 2 64 sv than former model results for the taiwan strait it also shows a close volume transport 1 03 sv to a recent estimate 1 20 sv at the same time the model results reproduced almost all of the known circulation structure on the ecs shelf in addition the hindcast of 2009 shows a kuroshio bottom branch current to the northeast of taiwan kbbcnt the kbbcnt is confirmed by the observational bottom high salinity water from 15 august to 2 september 2009 whose distribution is also reproduced by the model results tracer and particle experiments were carried out to elucidate the formation of the high salinity water and the pathway of the kbbcnt in light of the field observation and numerical experiments a new pathway of the kbbcnt is proposed bifurcated from the subsurface water of kuroshio northeast of taiwan it upwells northwestward gradually from 300 to 60 m then turns to northeast in the region around 27 5 degrees n 122 degrees e and finally reaches 31 degrees n off the mouth of the changjiang river along similar to 60 m isobaths forming the bottom saline water off the coast of zhejiang province china

continental slope flow northeast of taiwan abstract hydrographic observations and current measurements with a shipboard acoustic doppler current profiler over the continental shelf slope junction northeast of taiwan during 10 17 august 1994 allow the construction of the mesoscale flow pattern generated by the collision of the kuroshio and a stretch of the continental shelf that has turned to run nearly east west the pattern is made up of a deflected kuroshio mainstream to the east an intrusion of kuroshio water onto the continental shelf region a counterclockwise circulation over mien hwa canyon mhc immediately northeast of taiwan a deep southwestward countercurrent along the northern wall of mhc and a seaward outflow of continental shelf water around the northern coast of taiwan the hydrography features a cold dome over the west side of mhc that consisted of subsurface kuroshio water a temperature salinity plot of all the station data shows the incorporation in the neighborhood of taiwan of continental shelf water into the kuroshio

variability of the chemical hydrography at the frontal region between the east china sea and the kuroshio north east of taiwan abstract the hydrography across the frontal region between the east china sea and the okinawa trough north east of taiwan observed during the summer of 1985 and 1988 and the early spring of 1987 was governed mainly by mixing across the front and the topographically induced upwelling of the modified kuroshio water in the okinawa trough during the periodic shelfward migration of the kuroshio the location of the front relative to the shelf break seemed to be temporally variable topographically induced upwelling was evident during the summer of 1988 and the early spring of 1987 when the front was located close to the shelf break it might not have occurred in the summer of 1985 when the front was further offshore the end member composition of the upwelling water was similar in both seasons it originated from about 300 m with a temperature and salinity of 13 c and 34 4 psu it was rich in nutrients and poor in oxygen with concentrations of nitrate phosphate silicate and oxygen of 16 1 18 and 160 m respectively this upwelling water is potentially a major source of nutrients to the east china sea the deep water in the okinawa trough at temperatures below 15 c did not participate in cross shelf mixing its chemical characteristics did not change significantly from year to year

evidence for a middle pleistocene glaciation of mis 8 age in the southern north sea abstract in the cores of borehole 89 2 situated at 54 00 01 n and 5 00 04 e about 70 km north of the frisian islands in the southern north sea two diamictons levels are found at 70 and 100 m below sea floor i e 110 and 140 below present sea level respectively both diamictons appear to be older than saalian mis 6 in contrast to earlier interpretations the upper diamicton is overlain by about 20 m of shallow marine sands followed by a chaotic alternation of fine grained clay rich eemian mis 5e sediments and sands deposited in a glacially excavated basin it was originally assumed that this diamicton was saalian mis 6 in age and lined the base of the basin seismic lines crossing the borehole location however show that the upper diamicton is truncated by the basin and consequently must be older than saalian this is corroborated by new investigations on the saalian eemian transition in the netherlands and new data on the age of the molluscs and foraminifera in the sands directly overlying the upper diamicton the age data based on measurements of the isoleucine epimerisation of mollusc shells and foraminiferal tests favour an mis 8 age

interannual variability of the kuroshio onshore intrusion along the east china sea shelf break effect of the kuroshio volume transport the interannual variability of the kuroshio onshore intrusion koi across the east china sea ecs shelf break and its response to the ecs kuroshio volume transport kvt during 1993 approximate to 2010 are studied based on a high resolution real time and global ocean general circulation model since variability of kvt is mainly determined in the interior pacific it is rather a remote than a local factor for the local ecs koi on interannual time scales kvt affects koi not only in the net volume transport across the entire shelf break but also in the spatial pattern along the shelf break when kvt increases the intrusion decreases increases upstream downstream of the major intrusion region northeast of taiwan the retreating increases decreases upstream downstream of the main veering region southwest of kyushu these patterns are caused by cyclonic eddies induced by the seaward deflection of the kuroshio axis from the shelf break which ultimately results from the kvt increase a diagnostic mechanism of koi approximate to msin delta h 1 is proposed where h is the bottom depth is the angle between isobaths and the vertically averaged current and m is the absolute volume transport at the shelf break is large in the major intrusion retreating regions and stable on interannual time scales while m changes with opposite signs between upstream and downstream of the major intrusion retreating regions the mechanism explains well the relation of local kvt and the spatial pattern of koi along the shelf break in both the mean state and the interannual variations

transports and tidal current estimates in the taiwan strait from shipboard adcp observations 1999 2001 tidal and mean flows in the taiwan strait are obtained from analysis of 2 5 years 1999 2001 of shipboard adcp data using a spatial least squares technique the average tidal current amplitude is 0 46 ms 1 the maximum amplitude is 0 80 ms 1 at the northeast and southeast entrances and the minimum amplitude is 0 20 ms 1 in the middle of the strait the tidal current ellipses derived from the shipboard adcp data compare well with the predictions of a high resolution regional tidal model for the mean currents the average velocity is about 0 40 ms 1 the mean transport through the strait is northward into the east china sea at 1 8 sv the transport is related to the along strait wind by a simple regression transport sv 2 42 0 12 wind ms 1 using this empirical formula the maximum seasonal transport is in summer about 2 7 sv the minimum transport is in winter at 0 9 sv and the mean transport is 1 8 sv for comparison this result indicates that the seasonal amplitude is almost identical to the classical estimate by wyrtki physical oceanography of the southeast asian waters scientific results of marine investigations of the south china sea and gulf of thailand 1959 1961 naga report 2 scripps institute of oceanography 195 pp based on the mass balance in the south china sea while the mean is close to the recent estimate by isobe continental shelf research 19 1999 195 based on the mass balance in the east china sea 2003 elsevier science b v all rights reserved

last interglacial eemian hydrographic conditions in the southwestern baltic sea based on dinoflagellate cysts from ristinge klint denmark a dinoflagellate cyst record with strong mediterranean lusitanian affinities is described from marine deposits of eemian age last interglacial late pleistocene at ristinge klint denmark revealing new information about the hydrographic evolution of the southwestern baltic sea a revised correlation of the pollen record at ristinge klint with that of the annually laminated site at bispingen in northern germany provides temporal control approximately the first quarter of eemian time is represented a marine ingression into a lake took place during the quercus rise about 300years into the interglacial and is marked by low c 3 psu salinities at the base of the cyprina clay that increased progressively an abrupt and significant rise in the inflow of warm saline waters from the north sea occurred at about 750 years into the interglacial the corylus rise and at about 1900 years into the interglacial strongly stratified waters developed higher in the cyprina clay and continuing to its top at nearly 3000 years into the interglacial more open marine waters are indicated although fully marine conditions were not reached the dinoflagellate record throughout the cyprina clay at ristinge klint is therefore one of increasing marine influence summer sea surface temperatures approached and may have exceeded 26 28 c during early eemian time indicating temperatures at least 5 c warmer than at present these warm conditions persisted to the top of the record at ristinge klint no evidence exists at ristinge klint for the influence of arctic watermasses and the paucity of cold water species throughout the section reflects mild winter temperatures in the southwestern baltic sea the new species spiniferites ristingensis is formally described and the name operculodinium centrocarpum var cezare de vernal goyette rodrigues 1989 is validated

organic rich sedimentation in the south pacific ocean associated with late paleocene climatic cooling abstract a distinctive organic rich marine mudstone of late paleocene age occurs in most of new zealand s sedimentary basins and has been identified as a potential source rock for oil and gas identified as the waipawa formation in the east coast basin and the tartan formation in the great south and canterbury basins the unit is a relatively uniform massive mudstone that varies greatly in thickness 2 70 m and grades laterally into distinctive facies equivalents notably greensand and a thin bedded siliceous mudstone all these facies are characterised by relatively high toc 0 5 10 wt and 13 c enrichment 13 c toc 24 and we refer to them collectively as waipawa organofacies our detailed stratigraphic and geochemical studies refine the age 58 7 to 59 4 ma distribution and nature of the waipawa organofacies we have determined that deposition occurred in continental margin settings throughout much of the southwest pacific under cool dysoxic conditions associated with a significant influx of terrestrial organic matter high marine productivity a global fall in sea level and a regional unconformity across shallow and deep marine settings the combination of cool temperatures lowered sea level and bathyal erosion suggests that deposition was linked to short lived growth of an antarctic ice sheet in the earliest late paleocene 59 ma

interpretation of source rock depositional environment and age from seep oil east coast of new zealand biomarker fingerprints of crude oil samples from four onshore east coast basin oil seeps were analyzed to assess source rock characteristics including type of organic matter input redox conditions sedimentary facies and age results show that samples generally form two groups correlating with geographic location a northern and a southern group source rocks associated with all seep samples are interpreted to be marine however results suggest northern samples had more terrigenous organic matter input to their source rock s while southern samples had more marine input results suggest northern sample source rock s had more oxic depositional environments whereas southern sample source rock had more reducing environments a shale source rock sedimentary facies was indicated for all samples these observations suggest that southern samples may be derived from slightly higher quality source rocks higher hi deposited in more reducing conditions although source rocks in both regions are oil prone biomarker age parameters suggest that the northern oil samples are from a younger cenozoic source rock whereas the southern oil samples are from an older cretaceous source rock source rock characteristics depositional environment and age point to the presence of two different source rocks we postulate that northern oils samples from younger source rock with more terrigenous organic matter input represent the upper paleocene waipawa formation whereas southern oil samples from older source rock with more marine organic matter input represent the upper cretaceous to paleocene whangai formation

palynofacies organic geochemistry and depositional environment of the tartan formation late paleocene a potential source rock in the great south basin new zealand abstract detailed palynofacies analysis of sidewall core samples taken from below within and above the tartan formation thanetian late paleocene 58 7 55 8 ma a potential source rock in the epeiric great south basin shows that the formation is characterised by very high percentages of degraded brown phytoclasts rare marine algae and amorphous organic matter and thereby represents a mix of terrestrial and marine kerogen the results indicate that the formation was deposited in a marginally marine hyposaline proximal environment under bottom conditions that varied from anoxic to oxic along a nearshore offshore transect samples from the upper part of the underlying wickliffe formation indicate deposition in a marginal to normal marine proximal environment under anoxic to oxic bottom environments the lower part of the overlying laing formation was deposited in an open marine relatively distal setting under anoxic to oxic bottom environments the palaeodepositional changes observed through this sequence may be best explained as a result of base level changes in a relatively shallow water sea the tartan formation was deposited in the central southern and eastern parts of the great south basin during a peak regression in the thanetian that terminated an overall mid to late paleocene aggradational to regressive trend in the basin and gave way to a latest paleocene earliest eocene transgression its earliest and thickest known occurrence is in the pakaha 1 well in the centre of the basin the formation is absent from proximal offshore wells and absent to very thin in onshore otago drill cores and outcrops most probably due to sediment bypass or subaerial erosion the tartan formation is characterised by a combination of high organic carbon contents and 13c enrichment relative to the enclosing formations corg and toc values are mostly in the range 3 7 17 1 mean 8 0 and 13c values 21 4 to 15 8 up to c 9 heavier than in the under and overlying formations for sidewall core samples there is a strong correlation between toc and 13c values r2 0 91 the heavy 13c values can only partly be attributed to the global paleocene carbon isotope maximum and indicate that other organic matter source and or regional depositional factors affected carbon fractionation in the tartan kerogen the tartan formation displays very good excellent petroleum generative potential up to 31 mg hc g rock but hi values presented herein range only from 157 to 268 mg hc g toc mean 203 mg hc g toc indicating the potential is primarily for gas with only minor oil the relatively poor hi values are attributed to the large influx of degraded woody material rendering the tartan formation less oil prone than previously inferred the tartan formation is biostratigraphically coeval with the waipawa formation of the new zealand east coast basin which is a similar source rock unit also enriched in 13c samples from the waipawa formation taken 1000 km north of the great south basin share palynofacies and geochemical characteristics with the tartan formation indicating that a base level fall also controlled the deposition of the waipawa formation in the east coast basin the size of the area affected by the base level fall and the lack of evidence for contemporaneous large scale tectonic uplift imply that the base level fall was caused by eustasy this suggests that the tartan and waipawa formations may be more extensive in new zealand offshore basins than previously thought

sedimentological evidence for the formation of an east antarctic ice sheet in eocene oligocene time middle eocene to late oligocene sediments recovered at ocean drilling program sites 689 and 690 on maud rise in the southernmost atlantic ocean and at sites 738 and 744 on kerguellen plateau in the southernmost indian ocean were analysed in order to study the depositional environment and the palaeoclimate special emphasis was placed on the reconstruction of the formation of a cryosphere on the antarctic continent the investigations include quantifications of carbonate and opal contents grain size analyses and studies of clay mineral assemblages the sedimentary sequence at all sites under investigation is highly pelagic with nannofossil oozes and chalks dominant the first indication of probable glacierization at sea level is in the form of isolated gravel and terrigenous sand grains which indicate ice rafting from middle eocene time at c 45 5 ma this is supported by enhanced concentrations of detrital chlorite and reworked kaolinite probably some glaciers reached the sea while most of the continent remained under the influence of a humid and warm to temperate climate the growth of the inland ice resulted in enhanced physical weathering and in increased contents of detrital chlorite and kaolinite from about 40 ma a strengthening of the glacial conditions and the onset of continental east antarctic glaciation is recorded in early oligocene sediments with an age of 36 ma all major sediment parameters document this event the clay mineralogy changed between c 36 3 ma and c 35 5 ma from smectite dominated assemblages to illite and chlorite dominated assemblages the latter being indicative of physical weathering under cooler climates large quantities of ice rafted gravel and sand accumulated on the kerguelen plateau between 36 0 ma and 35 8 ma at the same time an increase in opal content occurred as well as a decrease in carbonate the sediment parameters imply that the east antarctic continent was more or less totally buried beneath the ice during oligocene time the ice sheet however probably did not have a polar but a temperate character as indicated by the occurrence of nothofagus and relatively warm surface water temperatures prohibiting the long distance transport of debris by icebergs

development of palaeozoic mesozoic radiolaria in the northwestern pacific rim abstract investigations of radiolaria allow us to trace the evolutionary trends and rates of these siliceous microorganisms within the northwestern pacific there are several phases or megacycles in the development of radiolarian fauna in northeastern and eastern russia in ascending order these are ordovician silurian devonian carboniferous early permian late permian triassic middle jurassic middle callovian barremian aptian early campanian late campanian early paleocene and late paleocene to recent no evidence has been found for mass extinction at higher taxonomic levels or for instantaneous catastrophic extinction several of the cycles are characterised by increased diversity and morphological specialization immediately prior to extinction recognition of megacycles permits us to hypothesize a close relationship between radiolarian events and palaeoceanographic palaeoclimatic and tectonic changes which took place in the pacific probably a sharp change of palaeohydrography and the opening of the new submarine seaways led to the appearance and radiation of new higher taxa including the order nassellaria in the early mesozoic

iceberg drop dump and grounding structures from pleistocene glacio lacustrine sediments scotland abstract dropstone dump and grounding structures resulting from the melt out of debris contained in floating and grounded icebergs are described from a pleistocene ice marginal glacio lacustrine sequence in scotland dropstones display bending penetration rucking and complete rupture of stratum occurring beneath them and onlap above them with the degree of deformation varying as a function of the size shape and axial disposition of the clast and of the sediment type into which they fell dump structures are conical mounds of gravel or diamict formed by the break up and overturning of dirt laden icebergs and the consequent release of large quantities of debris to the lake floor grounding structures are caused by the grounding of icebergs the down warping of underlying lake floor se iment and the subsequent in situ melt out of contained debris to form isolated troughs of diamict

sedimentary signals of the upwelling along the zhejiang coast china abstract the muddy deposits of the zhe min coastal area have attracted much recent research interest however the sedimentary processes that dominate along the zhejiang coast remain controversial determining sedimentation rates is important for understanding sedimentary processes and depositional patterns in the present study 23 vibrocores were collected from the muddy area along the zhejiang coast to analyse their sediment accumulation rates over the past 100 years using 210pb geochronology three types of typical excess 210pb profiles were identified in the sediment vibrocores the spatial distribution of the sedimentation rates derived from the 23 vibrocores as well as previously published data demonstrated that the middle part of the study area around 29 n experienced relatively high sedimentation rates and that the rate of deposition gradually decreased landwards and seawards the location of high sedimentation rates is approximately consistent with that of the holocene maximum thickness deposition finest surface sediments and high concentration of chlorophyll resulting from the existence of upwelling along the zhejiang coast besides the fluvial inputs

paleoceanographic significance of late paleocene dysaerobia at the shelf slope break around new zealand abstract a geochemical and micropaleontological study of the waipawa formation in new zealand was undertaken to investigate its depositional setting and possible relationship to major changes in the marine environment the organic rich formation was deposited in the late paleocene during a third order eustatic sea level rise precise age control is lacking but deposition can be placed between a climatic cooling at 59 1 ma and a thermal maximum at 55 5 ma during the transition from cold to warm saline deep water circulation in the south pacific deposition occurred around most of the land mass generally near the shelf break and microfaunal evidence suggests dysaerobic conditions there appears to have been no contemporaneous organic rich sedimentation on the shelf so the widespread high phytoplanktonic productivity which is reflected in positive excursions in kerogen 13c to 20 was probably caused by regional upwelling however the paleodistribution of the formation cannot be readily accounted for by wind driven upwelling alone there is strong positive correlation between organic content kerogen 13c values and unusually high abundance of 24 n propylcholestanes 20 55 of c27 c30 regular steranes surface water conditions favoured a particular group of phytoplankton that preferentially synthesised the precursor c30 sterols and there is microfaunal evidence for warming carbonate oxygen isotopic data are also consistent with warming but may be affected by diagenetic alteration the waipawa formation may result from regional upwelling of warm saline oxygen depleted nutrient rich deep water in what appears to be an earlier and longer term but geographically more restricted event than that responsible for the benthonic extinction event at 55 5 ma

abrupt climate change and transient climates during the paleogene a marine perspective detailed investigations of high latitude sequences recently collected by the ocean drilling program odp indicate that periods of rapid climate change often culminated in brief transient climates with more extreme conditions than subsequent long term climates two examples of such events have been identified in the paleogene the first in latest paleocene time in the middle of a warming trend that began several million years earlier the second in earliest oligocene time near the end of a middle eocene to late oligocene global cooling trend superimposed on the earlier event was a sudden and extreme warming of both high latitude sea surface and deep ocean waters imbedded in the latter transition was an abrupt decline in high latitude temperatures and the brief appearance of a full size continental ice sheet on antarctica in both cases the climate extremes were not stable lasting for less than a few hundred thousand years indicating a temporary or transient climate state geochemical and sedimentolog

oxygen isotopes upper ocean salinity and precipitation sources in the eastern tropical pacific westward transport of freshwater across the panama isthmus helps to maintain the salinity s contrast between the atlantic and pacific oceans important in global thermohaline circulation and climate relatively low sea surface salinities in the panama bight reflect high net precipitation we infer sources of this freshwater input to the region based on oxygen isotopes 18o of precipitation p and seawater sw the primary trend of the surface water sw s relationship implies a freshwater endmember 18o of 8 5 0 3 significantly lower than the mean p of rainwater we measured in the region 4 8 1 8 mixing with waters upwelled from the subsurface s 34 9 35 1 psu sw 0 3 0 4 based on limited isotope and salinity data these upwelling waters are a mixture of 60 tropical waters and 40 subtropical mode waters three secondary trends in the surface water sw s distribution point to similar freshwater sources with 18o of 2 5 1 2 4 7 0 5 and 4 8 0 6 consistent with local precipitation sources accounting for the primary surface water trend intermittent cross isthmus transport of moist air masses from the caribbean may introduce relatively 18o depleted rainfall due to a combination of recycling and orographic distillation in addition relatively infrequent but large tropical storms which may contain freshwater of both pacific and caribbean origin deliver rainfall with p of 10 to 14 the primary trend of regional surface seawater data which integrates the different sources over time suggests that about half of the total precipitation reflects local sources and half reflects a combination of cross isthmus transport and large storms the regional sw s distribution is sensitive to the relative contributions of these freshwater sources which may change under different climate regimes

water mass and throughflow transport variability in the taiwan strait 1 variability of water mass and throughflow transport in the taiwan strait are analyzed using strait wide conductivity temperature depth 1985 2003 and sectional acoustic doppler current profiler 1999 2001 data results from a cluster analysis temperature salinity diagrams and direct transport calculations indicate that the strong northeast monsoon drives the brackish mixed china coastal water into the northern strait and hinders the northward intruded saline kuroshio branch water kbw in the southeastern strait from december to january the mean throughflow transport across the central strait is about 0 1 sv southward during this period thus supporting previous observations that there is no persistent northward flowing current throughout the strait in winter the weakening of the northeast monsoon in february march however emancipates the kbw to intrude northward into the east china sea ecs in june the increase in this northward transport accompanied by the decrease in the westward intrusion of kuroshio through the luzon strait leads to the replacement of the kbw by the less saline south china sea water scsw the northward transports ranging from 1 16 to 2 34 sv between march and august yield 0 131 0 238 1015 w and 53 33 81 74 106 kg s of temperature and salt transports respectively toward the ecs the inception of the northeast monsoon in october marks both the change of water mass from fall to winter patterns and the decrease of the northward throughflow transport our results also reveal that the subsurface kbw and scsw remain consistent throughout the observation periods between 100 and 200 m and below 200 m depths respectively in the southeastern strait

stable isotopic characteristic of taiwan s precipitation a case study of western pacific monsoon region abstract the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic features of precipitation in taiwan an island located at the western pacific monsoon area are presented from nearly 3 500 samples collected during the past decade for 20 stations results demonstrate that moisture sources from diverse air masses with different isotopic signals are the main parameter in controlling the precipitation s isotope characteristics the air mass from polar continental pc region contributes the precipitation with high deuterium excess values up to 23 and relatively enriched isotope compositions e g 3 2 for 18o during the winter with prevailing northeasterly monsoon by contrast air masses from equatorial maritime em and tropical maritime tm supply the precipitation with low deuterium excess values as low as about 7 and more depleted isotope values e g 8 9 and 6 0 for 18o of tm and em respectively during the summer with prevailing southwesterly monsoon thus seasonal differences in terms of 18o d and deuterium excess values are primarily influenced by the interactions among various precipitation sources while these various air masses travel through taiwan secondary evaporation effects further modify the isotope characteristics of the inland precipitation such as raindrop evaporation reduces the deuterium excess of winter precipitation and moisture recycling increases the deuterium excess of summer precipitation the semi quantitative estimations in terms of evaluation for changes in the deuterium excess suggest that the raindrop evaporation fractions for winter precipitation range 7 to 15 and the proportions of recycling moisture in summer precipitation are less than 5 additionally the isotopic altitude gradient in terms of 18o for summer precipitation is 0 22 100 m greater than 0 17 100 m of winter precipitation the greater isotopic gradient in summer can be attributed to a higher temperature vs altitude gradient relative to winter the observed spatial and seasonal stable isotopic characteristics in taiwan s precipitation not only contribute valuable information for regional monsoon research crossing the continent ocean interface of east asia but also can serve as very useful database for local water resources management

numerical study on the pattern and origins of kuroshio branches in the bottom water of southern east china sea in summer pattern and origins of kuroshio branches in the bottom water of southern east china sea ecs were carefully examined by numerical simulations based on the regional ocean modeling system roms together with observations model results show that in the bottom water of ecs the intrusion pattern of kuroshio is mainly composed of an offshore kuroshio branch current okbc which bifurcated from the kuroshio northeast of taiwan flows nearly along the isobath of similar to 100 m and a nearshore kuroshio branch current nkbc which originated from the kuroshio northeast of taiwan upwells northwestward gradually from similar to 250 m to similar to 60 m then turns to northeast around 27 5 degrees n 122 e thereafter flows northeastward along the isobath of similar to 60 m and finally reaches at 30 5 degrees n where it turns to east furthermore we found that the nkbc mostly originated in the kuroshio subsurface water 120 250 m east of taiwan whereas the okbc mainly stemmed from the kuroshio water 60 120 m east of taiwan this pattern and origins of okbc and nkbc well addressed the observational phenomena that off the coast of zhejiang province china there were colder less saline and more phosphate rich bottom water near the isobath of similar to 60 m rather than near the isobath of similar to 100 m in august 2009 finally it is proposed that on southern ecs continental shelf kuroshio exhibits its intrusion branches by an anticyclonical stair structure bottom stair nkbc middle stair okbc and top stair kuroshio surface branch kbc

winter spring fronts in taiwan strait 1 fine structures of surface fronts during winter spring in the taiwan strait and their evolution over time are studied using satellite and in situ data at times different water masses are interleaved into each other the northward intruding warm water bifurcates into several branches causing complicated multiple cross strait fronts with maximum surface temperature gradients at the fronts to be greater than 2 c km the mean surface velocity of the fronts estimated from a sequence of satellite images is between 0 15 and 0 3 m s during the february march 2001 frontal event the speed appears to have accelerated during the latter stages from 0 2 m s during march 2 4 to 0 3 m s during march 4 6 the total northward transport associated with the passage of the fronts is estimated to be 0 6 1 sv between february 16 and march 6 2001 the timescale of the passage of the fronts through the entire taiwan strait is therefore at least four weeks hydrographic observations in february march of 1998 and 2000 also demonstrate similar frontal events with strong vertical gradients of water temperature and salinity on the western side of the strait the 1998 data also show clearly that the low temperature and low salinity zhemin coastal current separates from the coast and enters into the middle of the strait a feature consistent with the satellite observations

a quaternary aminostratigraphy constraining chronology of depositional environments in the north sea basin abstract the aminostratigraphy of up to 1000 m of glacial and interglacial sediments in the north sea basin nsb is compiled from multiple boreholes sites and dated using strontium isotope sr analysis to provide a chronological framework extending throughout the quaternary the quaternary aminostratigraphy within the nsb can be divided into five amino zones az az1 youngest to az5 based on alle ile ratios which are used to correlate depositional events recorded in sedimentary facies from multiple borehole sites the new relative and absolute chronology also ties to seismostratigraphy and multi generational tunnel valley fill early pleistocene sediments produce az5 ratios with sr ages around 1 4 1 5 ma deposited in marine to glacimarine conditions sediments with az4 ratios are constrained by sr ages and magnetic polarity to 1 3 0 9 ma spanning the eccentricity to axial tilt insolation periodicity change of the mid pleistocene transition mpt some coarse grained sedimentary units with az4 ratios may be linked to ice proximal deposition during the mpt sediments with az3 ratios are poorly chronologically constrained to between 1 1 and 0 26 ma at least one episode of diminished coarse clasts and increased foraminiferal diversity during this mid pleistocene time suggests a progression from ice proximal to warmer possibly interglacial conditions furthermore the stratigraphically deepest generation of tunnel valleys cut strata with az3 ratios indicating subglacial conditions at least once during the mid pleistocene sediments with az2 ratios corresponding to mis7 5 are tied to seismic units including a thick up to 40 m deformation till suggesting glacial incursion into the nsb during mis6 followed by tunnel valley cutting of the this till thought to be an mis6 event also the geometry and cross cutting complexities of such tunnel valleys precludes further correlation of this ice extent the youngest aminostratigraphic zone az1 is recognised in all boreholes and well constrained to mis4 2 and the youngest set of tunnel valleys attributed to a single or multiple glacial advances at this time

alongshore and cross shore circulations and their response to winter monsoon in the western east china sea abstract an array of four bottom mounted acoustic doppler current profilers adcps were deployed during the winter of 2008 28 december 2008 to 12 march 2009 along a cross shelf section in the western east china sea to investigate the winter circulation and its response to wind during the observation period the observed subtidal currents exhibit coherent spatial structure and temporal variation in terms of their mean seasonal trend intra seasonal and synoptic variability the subtidal currents are polarized roughly in the alongshore direction parallel to local isobaths and the weak cross shore current is closely linked to the alongshore component the temporal variation of the currents follows the rhythm of wind stress sea level and sea level difference at the synoptic scale the mean currents are basically composed of two anti parallel currents in the alongshore direction the east china sea coastal current ecscc flows southwestward along the inner shelf and the taiwan warm current twc flows in the opposite direction along the outer shelf the strongest current occurs over the mid shelf as a coastal jet the intra seasonal currents exhibit an expansion and intensification of the ecscc along with shrinking and weakening the alongshore component of the twc there is a significant increase in onshore current particularly over the mid shelf the fluctuations of synoptic currents show a significant positive correlation with wind stress and the fluctuations are negatively correlated with sea level and sea level difference the coherent spatial structure of the currents indicates that the depth independent column motion is related to the sea level difference through a barotropic pressure gradient the vertical shear of currents is related to the density related baroclinic pressure gradient in the whole water column and to the friction within the surface and bottom boundary layers

chemostratigraphic resolution of widespread reducing conditions in the southwest pacific ocean during the late paleocene abstract paleogene strata throughout much of the southwest pacific is comprised of thick successions of fine grained siliceous to calcareous sediments however during the late paleocene the south pacific experienced widespread deposition of organic rich and 13corg enriched sediments that are recorded in the waipawa formation and the correlative waipawa organofacies the mechanisms responsible for the elevated input and preservation of organic matter are still poorly understood using a multi proxy chemostratigraphic approach we assess paleoceanographic conditions including paleo redox states and paleo productivity of the waipawa formation eight key sections from the east coast basin new zealand were sampled and analysed for multi element geochemistry and bulk pyrolysis sedimentological stratigraphic and chemostratigraphic evidence indicates the south pacific underwent an abrupt regression event during the late paleocene resulting in on shelf erosion and or bypassing of continental sourced sediments from the shelf into deeper waters the change in sediment delivery further increased nutrients and terrestrial organic matter loading to the site of deposition coeval excursions in ti zr and rb sr indicate a shift to an aluminosilicate dominated sediment supply resulting in a modest increase in marine productivity that cannot account for the anomalous organic matter enrichment changes in the hydrogen index show a transition from terrestrial to mixed terrestrial marine organic matter occurred during the late paleocene in which high concentration of type ii iii kerogens were buried and preserved in association with enhanced water column reducing conditions in deep marine settings elevated concentrations of redox sensitive trace elements e g u mo fe s are consistent with alternating phases of dysoxic to oxic conditions suggesting an expansion of an oxygen minimum zone enhancing preservation and delivery of organic matter to the seafloor leading to the subsequent burial and preservation of organic matter within anoxic sediments these new data provide insight into the depositional conditions and the petroleum potential of prospective source rocks in this basin using an integrated organic and inorganic geochemical approach to refine our knowledge of the depositional environment and paleoceanographic changes in shelfal to bathyal marine sediments of the late paleocene

does the taiwan warm current exist in winter 1 it has been argued for many years whether the taiwan warm current twc exists in winter though there is no question about its existence in summer a regional ctd survey and anchored adcp measurements were conducted off the mouth of the changjiang on the western shelf of the east china sea from 24 february to 10 march 2001 both hydrographic and current data showed an evidence of the twc which flowed northeastward along the 50 m isobath and intruded into the submerged river valley off the changjiang this current is sub surface intensified with a maximum velocity of 30 cm s occurring at a depth of 30 m below the surface this finding was consistent with the satellite derived sst image received on 26 30 january 1986 and modis sst image received on 18 february 2001 it suggests that the twc is at least an episodic feature in the east china sea and its occurrence and duration might vary due to meandering of the kuroshio around the taiwan strait

seasonal variability of water mass distribution in the southeastern beaufort sea determined by total alkalinity and δ18o 1 we examined the seasonal variability of water mass distributions in the southeastern beaufort sea from data collected between september 2003 and august 2004 salinity total alkalinity ta and isotopic composition 18o of seawater were used together as tracers of freshwater input i e meteoric water and sea ice meltwater we used an optimum multiparameter analysis to identify the different water masses including the mackenzie river sea ice melt sim winter polar mixed layer pml upper halocline water uhw with core salinity of 33 1 psu pacific origin and atlantic water computed values of co2 fugacity in seawater fco2 sw show that the surface mixed layer sml remains mostly undersaturated 328 55 atm n 552 with respect to the average atmospheric co2 concentration 380 5 atm over the study period the influence of the mackenzie river fco2 sw 500 atm was relatively small in the southeastern beaufort sea and significant fractions were only observed on the inner mackenzie shelf the contribution of sea ice melt fco2 sw 600 atm was usually located between 120 and 180 m depth but could contribute to the sml during wind driven upwelling events in summer and autumn and during brine driven eddies in winter

mid paleocene dropstones in the whangai formation new zealand evidence of mid paleocene cold climate abstract sedimentological micropalaeontological and organic geochemical rock eval pyrolysis criteria suggest that calving glaciers probably from antarctica likely reached the sea and floated by new zealand during the middle paleocene dropping angular coarse detritus into marine mud the dropstone event coincides with marked shifts in organic geochemistry of the associated marine shale as well as changes in foraminiferal productivity the implied cool climate event may have only been a short term climatic oscillation perhaps of only thousands of years however it was significant enough to have affected the biota and organic matter in the water column the dropstones may represent a deep water example of a correlative conformity referred to in sequence stratigraphy literature although the dropstones are easily recognizable in the sediments the interpretation relies on associated palaeontological and organic geochemical data sea level curves presented elsewhere in the literature show mid paleocene sea level falls which approximately coincide with the time when the dropstones in eastern new zealand were deposited

kuroshio subsurface water feeds the wintertime taiwan warm current on the inner east china sea shelf the taiwan warm current twc has an overwhelming influence on the heat salt and nutrients balance on one of the broadest shelf in the world the east china sea shelf in winter the twc flows in an unusual upwind direction and reaches the changjiang yangtze river estuary but its origin and pathway are intensely debated here combined evidences from current measurement hydrographic and stable isotopic data all suggest that the wintertime twc intrusion off the changjiang estuary mainly originates from the kuroshio subsurface water northeast of taiwan rather than from the taiwan strait warm water the kuroshio branched water northeast of taiwan can intrude into the inner shelf near the zhe min coast via bottom layer manifesting by a pronounced boundary at 50 m isobath around 28 n and thereby feeds the twc intrusion into the changjiang estuary the intrusion complicates the hydrological process in the estuary and shelf sea and its impact on marine environment deserves more research attentions

cross flows in the taiwan strait in winter abstractin winter a branch of the china coastal current can turn in the taiwan strait to join the poleward flowing taiwan coastal current the associated cross strait flows have been inferred from hydrographic and satellite data from observed abundances off northwestern taiwan of cold water copepod species calanus sinicus and in late march of 2012 also from debris found along the northwestern shore of taiwan of a ship that broke two weeks earlier off the coast of china the dynamics related to such cross flows have not been previously explained and are the focus of this study using analytical and numerical models it is shown that the strait s currents can be classified into three regimes depending on the strength of the winter monsoon equatorward poleward for northeasterly winds stronger weaker than an upper lower bound and cross strait flows for relaxing northeasterly winds between the two bounds these regimes are related to the formation of the stationary rossby wave over the changyun ridge

marine eemian in the danish eastern north sea abstract the distribution of marine eemian deposits along the west coast of jutland denmark is presented based on offshore shallow seismic mapping and a review of results from analysis of marine cores and samples from onshore borings the results are compiled from publications and unpublished reports in the archives of geological survey of denmark and greenland the eemian deposits in the area are characterised by the presence of lusitanian foraminifera such as elphidium lidoense and or elphidium translucens and characteristic mollusc faunas the eemian along the west coast of jutland seems to have been deposited in sheltered fjords straits or tidal flats in an archipelago it was probably protected by a row of islands towards the open north sea the eemian foraminiferal fauna has been divided into nine assemblages representing different palaeoenvironments the sea level during the eemian highstand was 0 10 m lower than the present sea level in the southeastern north sea area the eemian sea level curve constructed for northern germany and the netherlands seems to be a good approximation for western jutland the highest level of the marine eemian deposits is consistent along the northwest european north sea coast suggesting an almost uniform net subsidence history during the last 125 000 years