direct dating of sulfides by rbsr a critical test using the polaris mississippi valley type znpb deposit abstract the rb sr dating of sphalerites is a powerful method for directly determining the age of base metal deposits and testing models for large scale fluid flow however the uncertainty over the exact host phases for the trace amounts of rb and sr and the causes of variability in rb sr have caused concern over the reliability of the method here we show that the polaris mvt deposit with a geologically well constrained age of formation confirmed by paleomagnetic measurements and hosted in significantly older sedimentary rocks yields a consistent rb sr age of 366 15 ma providing the first unequivocal vindication of the reliability of the method

formation and age of sphalerite mineralization in carbonate rocks of bajocian age in the swiss jura mountains evidence of mesozoic hydrothermal activity a combination of petrographic and geochemical techniques was applied to better constrain the origin and evolution of the fluid systems responsible for the formation of disseminated cd rich up to 0 6 wt sphalerite zns mineralization in the northeastern part of the jura mountains switzerland the rb sr ages of sphalerite samples indicate that a main phase of sphalerite formation occurred near the boundary between the late middle and early late jurassic at around 162 ma the negative 34s values 22 3 to 5 3 suggest that biogenic sulfide sulfur was involved in zns precipitation the strontium isotope composition is more radiogenic than that of contemporaneous seawater reflecting the interaction of mineralizing fluids with silicate rocks lead isotope signatures are very uniform 206pb 204pb 18 63 18 67 207pb 204pb 15 63 15 64 208pb 204pb 38 51 38 63 indicating an isotopically well homogenized fluid system the basement rocks underlying the jurassic strata are considered to be the main source of metals for the sphalerite mineralization the migration of deep sourced hydrothermal saline metal bearing fluids into the bajocian host carbonates containing sedimentary reduced sulfur resulted in the precipitation of sulfides the period of sphalerite formation near the middle late jurassic boundary is characterized by enhanced tectonic and hydrothermal activity in europe related to the opening of the central atlantic and tectonic thermal subsidence during spreading of the alpine tethys our study provides evidence that the bajocian carbonate rocks in the jura mountains area were affected by the circulation of deep sourced metal bearing hydrothermal fluids in response to these continent wide tectonothermal events the presence of sphalerite mineralization and associated geochemical anomalies in zn and cd contents in carbonate rocks may also be used to trace basement features

genesis of the stratiform zhenzigou pb zn deposit in the north china craton rb sr and c o s pb isotope constraints abstract isotopes rb sr c o s and pb were investigated from the zhenzigou pb zn deposit in the qingchengzi mineral field qmf of the north china craton as an aid to determine the genesis of stratiform pb zn deposits in the liao ji rift a step dissolution rb sr age of 1798 8 ma with 206pb 204pb ratios of 17 7477 17 8527 were obtained from sphalerite sulfur isotopic ratios for pyrite 5 14 4 sphalerite 2 4 8 6 and galena 0 3 8 6 from zhenzigou have a narrower range than those from the host paleoproterozoic dashiqiao formation and granite in the area calcite and limestone from ore and wallrocks at the deposit have similar c and o isotope compositions with 13cpdb ranging from 6 0 to 2 3 and 18osmow from 9 8 to 13 7 which are similar to those of carbonatite and the mantle comprehensive analysis of the pb isotopic composition of the sulfide from the zhenzigou deposit and pb zn deposits in adjacent area show that the pb originated from the upper crust and mixed with pb from the mantle sulfur isotopes from zhenzigou deposit indicate that the mineralization has a volcanic eruption source the 13cpdb and 18osmow values indicate that the co2 originated from a mixed mantle marine carbonate and organic source combined with the study of regional metallogenic background this paper proposes that deposition of stratiform pb zn mineralization in the qmf began ca 2052 ma during development of the liaoji rift the mineralization extended to ca 1798 ma prior to deformation associated with the lvliang movement which dismembered the stratiform pb zn mineralization the veined mineralization in the region cross cuts the stratiform deposits and represents remobilized and redeposited deposits associated with the emplacement of triassic plutons such as the xinling and shuangdinggou granites

recent developments in dating ancient crustal fluid flow several isotopic techniques have recently been developed or substantially improved allowing the accurate determination of the timing of fluid related processes these include k ar rb sr and sm nd dating of diagenetic minerals in clastic rocks u pb dating of carbonates sm nd dating of fluorite and uraninite re os and rb sr dating of sulfides 40ar 39ar and rb sr dating of fluid inclusions and u pb dating of ilmenite magnetite sphene and rutile while many of these techniques require further evaluation some have already resulted in new constraints on a variety of crustal fluid flow models

timing tectonic implications and genesis of gold mineralization in the xincheng gold deposit china c h o isotopes pyrite rb sr and zircon fission track thermochronometry abstract the xincheng gold deposit located at the northwestern edge of the jiaodong peninsula in the north china craton has a reserve of 96 t au and is among the largest in the jiaodong gold province here disseminated and stockwork style ores are hosted in mesozoic granitoids the mineralization and alteration are largely controlled by the regional jiaojia fault the c h o isotope values in the ores indicate that the ore forming fluids were derived mainly from magmatic sources new rb sr geochronological data on hydrothermal pyrite from the xincheng deposit presented in this study indicate that the main gold mineralization occurred between 126 ma and 122 ma the zircon fission track of convergent ages and decomposed divergent ages from the ores and altered rocks show four groups of ages 135 ma 124 ma 96 75 ma and 66 52 ma the 135 ma is related to the exhumation and cooling of the linglong granitoids the 124 ma is considered to represent the principal stage of gold mineralization and is consistent with the pyrite rb sr ages the younger ages of 96 75 ma and 66 52 ma resulted from subsequent annealing caused by later tectonic activity the timing of gold mineralization in the xincheng gold deposit broadly coincides with the switch in stress field in eastern china from extension to transpression resulting from the change in subduction direction of the pacific plate from ne sw to nw se and marked by extension related voluminous magmatism associated with the cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern china

rb sr dating of sphalerite and s pb isotopic studies of the xinxing crypto explosive breccia pb zn ag deposit in the southeastern segment of the lesser xing an zhangguangcai metallogenic belt ne china abstract the xinxing pb zn ag deposit is located in the southeastern segment of the lesser xing an zhangguangcai metallogenic belt ne china it is a small scale deposit pb zn

alleghenian age of the upper mississippi valley zinc lead deposit determined by rb sr dating of sphalerite mississippi valley type mvt ore deposits in north america are generally thought to have formed from warm brines which migrated from sedimentary basins to sites of deposition in sedimentary strata of the neighbouring craton long after unification of the sediments1 3 when and how these migrations occurred is not well understood but recent geological evidence suggests that continental scale brine migration can be triggered by tectonic collisions4 6 indirect evidence7 9has suggested an association of north american mvt mineralization with the late palaeozoic alleghenian ouachita orogeny recently however nakai et al 10obtained a rb sr age of 377 29myr for sphalerites from the east tennessee mvt district which they linked to the middle palaeozoic acadian orogeny here we report rb sr dates for sphalerites from the mvt type section the upper mississippi valley umv zinc lead district rb sr data from two distinct sphalerite bands from the west hayden ore body yield two independent but indistinguishable isochrons of permian age 269 6 myr and 270 4 myr consistent with a brine migration episode initiated by the alleghenian ouachita orogeny in conjunction with the previous data indicating a link to the acadian orogeny10 11 our results indicate that north american mvt deposits formed in at least two distinct tectonic episodes

rb sr dating of sphalerites from tennessee and the genesis of mississippi valley type ore deposits mississippi valley type mvt ore deposits commonly consist of some combination of lead zinc and iron sulphides accompanied by barite fluorite dolomite and calcite they are thought to form by fluid expulsion from sedimentary successions1 3 but their exact origin has remained controversial because of the scarcity of reliable geochronological data in a recent and widely quoted model the mvt deposits of the central and eastern united states formed as a result of large scale lateral fluid flow driven by the tectonic squeezing of sedimentary successions during the late palaeozoic alleghenian orogeny 330 250 myr 4 here we report the first direct rb sr dating of sphalerites from an mvt deposit and propose this as a useful geochronological technique for sulphide mineralization with poor age control rb sr data for sphalerites from coy mine east tennessee define an isochron age of 377 29 myr ruling out any genetic connection with the alleghenian orogeny instead mvt mineralization in the eastern united states was apparently generated from fluids expelled during thrusting associated with the older acadian orogeny 380 350 myr

reply to narkiewicz 2017 comment on thermal evolution of paleozoic successions of the holy cross mountains poland abstract in this paper we reply to the criticisms advanced by narkiewicz 2017 on the paper by schito et al 2017 we clarify the issues related to the stratigraphic and thermal maturity constraints used for reconstructing burial and thermal models of the two blocks of the holy cross mountains we also show how geological evidences brought by narkiewicz 2017 as a proof of elevated variscan heat flow are not conclusive or at least suggest the occurence of a localized thermal anomaly only along the area of the holy cross fault in the end we performed new burial and thermal models in the kielce region demonstrating that stratigraphic thickness variations between schito et al 2017 and narkiewicz et al 2010 produce only negligible differences in levels of thermal maturity of paleozoic rocks in addition we outline that levels of thermal maturity for silurian rocks can be matched only by using constant heat flow values through the paleozoic and point to a decisive role for the absence of regional high variscan heat flow in the area

nd sr pb isotopic constraints on metal and fluid sources in w sb au mineralization at woxi and liaojiaping western hunan china this paper presents nd sr pb isotope data on scheelite inclusion fluids and residues of gangue quartz and sulfides from the w sb au ore deposits at woxi and liaojiaping ljp in the xuefeng uplift belt xub western hunan china sm and nd concentrations in scheelite from woxi are much lower than in scheelite from ljp and can be distinguished by their high 147sm 144nd ratios of 1 25 from the much lower ratios around 0 26 in scheelites from the ljp end values compared to values at 200 ma which is the average timing of granitoid emplacement during the indosinian yanshanian periods in the xub are around 10 for the ljp and compare well with the range of 5 to 11 defined by the granitoids whereas they are around 27 for scheelite from woxi this might indicate that rees in the mineralizing fluids at ljp originated from granitoids that are concentrated along the southern border of the xub whereas in the case of woxi the original fluids might have been masked by rees released during intense high temperature wall rock alteration of unexposed precambrian basement rocks at depth sr isotopes of scheelite from these two deposits show similar relations to host nearby rocks in that 87sr 86sr t 200 ma ratios of 0 721 for ljp scheelite agree with values ranging between 0 718 0 726 for granitoids whereas these ratios are much higher i e 0 745 for scheelite from woxi and correspond to the 87sr 86sr t 200 ma ratio range of 0 743 0 749 for precambrian host slates crushing experiments to release inclusion fluids from gangue quartz and sulfides deposited during later stages of ore deposition in both deposits failed to provide accurate and geologically meaningful two point fluid residue tie lines in rb sr isochron diagrams however sr released from fluid inclusions generally reveals lower initial 87sr 86sr ratios than the respective residues and shows affinities to 87sr 86sr t 200 ma values of indosinian yanshanian granitoids both at woxi and ljp pb stepwise leaching of scheelite and sulfides did not result in sufficient spreads in pb isotope diagrams and therefore no information regarding exact mineralization ages in the two deposits could be deduced overall ore pb isotopes reveal upper crustal signatures and are compatible with pb isotope signatures of the predominant precambrian slates in the woxi area steep trajectories through late stage quartz sulfide mineralization in pb isotope diagrams may hint at mixing scenarios involving pb from the host rocks and a component with lower 207pb 204pb and 208pb 204pb ratios relative to 206pb 204pb ratios which cannot be linked to any known reservoir in the xub mining district sr isotopes of four out of seven residual sulfide samples from woxi plot along a paleomixing line at an age of 199 8 ma supporting a mixing scenario for the fluids indicated by the pb isotopes and pointing to a possible genetic relationship with the emplacement of indosinian yanshanian granitoids the budgets of rees rb sr and pb in the original fluids were severely affected by contamination of these elements apparently during intense wall rock alteration but after sealing of the major pathways the mineralizing fluids tend to have better preserved their original signatures these attest a genetic relationship between the metallogeny in the xub w sb au province and the emplacement of indosinian yanshanian granitoids during mesozoic intracontinental tectonic uplift and thrusting

crest modifications to reduce wave overtopping of non breaking waves over a smooth dike slope abstract the formula to quantify the average wave overtopping discharge of non breaking waves over a dike according to the taw report 2002 and included in the eurotop manual 2007 only contains the influence of the roughness of the dike slope and the obliqueness of the waves on wave overtopping unlike the formula for breaking waves the reductive effect of a storm wall or a berm is not included in this formula over 1000 scale model tests with non breaking waves on a wide variety of structures have been carried out for this paper the crest of the dike slope has been modified with a storm wall a storm wall and parapet a stilling wave basin a promenade and a combination of a promenade and storm wall with or without parapet for all these modified crests a reduction factor has been deducted to include in the wave overtopping formula of non breaking waves this paper presents the results of all investigated measures to reduce wave overtopping over a smooth dike slope in an easy and logical way to serve as a guidance for use by designers an example is given where all presented measures are compared to each other and to other well known structures

thermal comparison of mississippi valley type lead zinc deposits and their host rocks using fluid inclusion and conodont color alteration index data fifteen north american mississippi valley type districts distributed from the arctic archipelago to arkansas and in host rocks ranging in age from late cambrian to early carboniferous were selected for abroad test survey of mississippi valley type district thermal histories for each district in which data were collected histograms of homogenization temperatures for the ore minerals were compared with the temperature range of the corresponding host rocks as indicated by color alteration index cai determinations on conodonts in the host rock carbonates although a special effort was made to collect conodonts from the upper cambrian bonneterre formation host rock to the southeast missouri district all samples were devoid of conodonts thus only 14 districts were used in the final analysis comparison of fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures in main stage ore minerals with color alteration index determined host rock temperatures reveals that a majority of mississippi valley type districts pine point newfoundland zinc mascot jefferson city copper ridge sweetwater central missouri northern arkansas and tri state are representative of group 1 i e they are in thermal equilibrium with their host rocks insofar as could be determined by the color alteration index method ore minerals in group 2 districts upper mississippi valley polaris and central tennessee are significantly hotter than surrounding host rocks and as such define a positive thermal anomaly host rocks to the austinville ivanhoe northern newfoundland and robb lake deposits group 3 revealed the highest color alteration index values of north american mississippi valley type districts with host rock temperatures greatly exceeding ore mineral fluid inclusion temperatures negative thermal anomaly with respect to major tectonic elements of north america group 3 deposits cool ore in hot rocks are positioned within orogenic belts but on the continental side some group 1 deposits ore temperature host rock temperature are well within the continental interior but others are adjacent to orogenic belts on the continental side group 2 deposits hot ore in cool rocks are all within the continental interior current hypotheses regarding the formation of mississippi valley type deposits and simultaneous heating of their host rocks invoke the migration of hot brines set into motion craton ward by the hydraulic gradient produced by orogenic uplift at the craton edge once the ore bearing fluids entered the foreland carbonate platforms they traveled through sedimentary aquifers of the continental interior raising the temperature of the thinly covered carbonate rocks the fluids left as evidence of their passage elevated color alteration index values and group 1 mississippi valley type deposits distributed with decreasing homogenization temperatures away from the orogenic front the correspondence between host rock and ore temperatures suggests that group 1 deposits were deposited essentially within their own aquifers group 2 deposits were formed when the same or genetically similar fluids rose from the regional aquifer s into structurally controlled conduits in the continental interior possibly developed as a result of synorogenic doming and arching this upward channeling of the fluids resulted in rapid and localized fluid flow which precluded or at least inhibited wide spread heating of the host rocks by ore fluids consequently color alteration index values in group 2 districts record only maximum burial depths of the host rocks and bear little relation to temperatures of the ore fluids although the cause of the unusually high color alteration index values 4 5 of group 3 districts is not fully understood it is noted that these districts occur near the extreme outward edge of foreland platforms near or within the leading margins of orogenic belts whether these group 3 host rocks were heated by simple tectonic burial or by passage of heated fluids under shallower conditions is not known

wave overtopping of sea dikes with very shallow foreshores abstract wave overtopping is one of the key parameters for designing coastal structures the crest level is usually determined using admissible overtopping discharges several formulae already exist for wave overtopping assessment that predict the average overtopping discharge per meter width of the coastal defence generally for deep or intermediate water depths at the toe of the dike however the process of wave overtopping on sea dikes with shallow and very shallow foreshore is not yet fully understood gentle foreshores in combination with very shallow water conditions lead to heavy wave breaking and a significant change of the wave spectra from offshore to the toe of the dike the wave steepness is assumed as one of the main criteria to identify cases of severe wave breaking on shallow and very shallow foreshores for these conditions van gent s formula generally used for wave overtopping with shallow foreshores has been implemented and validated against experimental data it is the purpose of this paper to show that van gent s formula overestimates the average overtopping discharge for cases of very shallow foreshores moreover the existing formula cannot be applied to cases with an emergent toe the present work therefore introduces a new equivalent slope concept to obtain an estimation of average wave overtopping discharges on sea dikes with shallow and very shallow foreshores this study uses data from clash database and experimental campaigns specifically carried out at flanders hydraulics research belgium in order to validate this approach results indicate that this concept shows better performance compared to other empirical formulae which suggests that the influence of the very shallow foreshore on the average wave overtopping discharge should be included

impacts on a storm wall caused by non breaking waves overtopping a smooth dike slope abstract will coastal towns survive the rising pressure or better the rising sea level in future decades waves overtop dikes and the overtopping flow on the crest of the dike can cause damage wave impacts from these overtopping flows already became of interest in coastal engineering the past few years but very little literature and almost no design formulae are available yet for irregular waves this paper gives such design formulae for practical use experimental modeling at three different scales small middle and large scale has been carried out to measure such impacts the tested geometry was a smooth sloping dike only non breaking waves with a promenade at crest level and a storm wall at the end of this promenade the outcome of this paper are three methodologies to a calculate wave impact forces on such a storm wall as a function of the hydraulic parameters b determine the weibull distribution of all impacts in one test with the shape and scale parameters also linked to the hydraulic parameters and c to provide an indirect approach to calculate the impact forces on the storm wall in this last approach the distribution of the individual overtopping waves are linked to the distribution of the overtopping flow parameters which are then linked to the distribution of the impact forces finally the empirical formulae from the aforementioned three methodologies are compared analogies and differences are discussed and guidance is provided to design storm walls against post overtopping impact forces results show that forces from waves overtopping the dikes are in the order of 20 to 40 kn m prototype scale in the dimensionless freeboard rc hm0 range of 1 to 2 this is much lower compared to impact forces on vertical walls as calculated by the shore protection manual

maximum overtopping forces on a dike mounted wall with a shallow foreshore abstract the impact force induced by waves overtopping a dike with a vertical wall on its crest and with a shallow foreshore seaward of the dike was studied to this end physical model tests were performed in a wave flume at a typical scale of 1 25 the goal of this study was to develop a method to estimate the maximum forces on the wall during a known storm peak the time series of water depth at toe of the dike flow thickness at seaward edge of the dike crest and impact forces were measured an empirical generalized pareto distribution is verified as the best distribution for the extreme overtopping wave forces

k uptake by modern estuarine sediments during early marine diagenesis mississippi delta plain louisiana u s a abstract marine sediment porewaters are commonly depleted in k relative to conservative mixing trends but the mineralogical sink for k in the sediment has not been well characterized results are presented from a geochemical study of surface waters and porewaters and associated muddy sediments in the mississippi delta plain estuary spanning the salinity gradient from 0 12 evidence of k depletion in sediment porewaters is integrated with scanning transmission and analytical electron microscopy stem aem analyses of clay components to determine possible mineralogical sinks for k in the sediments conservative mixing between the freshwater influx from the atchafalaya mississippi river systems and gulf of mexico seawater controls the surface water major element composition porewaters from the most saline site however are depleted in k by up to 33 relative to overlying water implying uptake of k by the sediment textural characterization of the sediment at the same location by tem indicates that it is dominated by aggregates of highly disordered smectite rich clay material which is mixed with a small component of more ordered illite rich material aem compositions obtained on the most smectite like component in these aggregates indicates that the average k contents increase by up to 1 0 wt k2o relative to similar smectite rich clay in freshwater sediments ca2 concentrations in smectite rich clay decrease concomitantly whereas na concentrations are similar between the sites x ray diffraction xrd analyses confirm that smectite rich clay from the freshwater site has a larger interlayer spacing than smectite rich clay from the brackish water site consistent with exchange of smaller hydrated interlayer k na for larger ca2 mg2 aem data indicate that the discrete illite rich component also takes up k the integrated porewater and sediment analytical data imply that uptake of k by smectite rich clay is a rapid process decadal occurring at the earliest stages of diagenesis in estuarine environments upon exposure to brackish water our study shows that k uptake in marine sediments may not require the formation of authigenic minerals instead exchange of k for other interlayer cations in smectite rich clay and weathered illite may provide a substantial sink for k in the marine environment

advantages of an innovative vertical breakwater with an overtopping wave energy converter abstract this paper presents an innovative vertical breakwater cross section integrating an overtopping wave energy converter named obrec v and the analysis of its hydraulic performance and stability response to hydraulic loading the structure is composed of a vertically faced caisson with a sloping ramp on the top a reservoir and a set back crown wall the analysis of the structure is carried out by performing numerical simulations based on the volume averaged reynolds averaged navier stokes varans equations the numerical simulations are performed to compare the performance of a traditional and innovative vertical caissons under the action of irregular waves in terms of wave reflection overtopping and wave acting forces results show that the reflection coefficients are lower than those computed in front of the traditional breakwater with a reduction of up to the 40 new formulations are proposed to better estimate the reflection coefficient and the wave overtopping at the rear side of the structure taking into account the non conventional geometry of the device the analysis of the forces indicate that the non conventional geometry of the innovative obrec caisson increases the overall stability of the structure the values of the safety factor against sliding cs on innovative caissons are similar or greater than those calculated on the traditional vertical structure for almost all the tests the downward force on the ramp and reservoir and the time lag between the vertical and horizontal forces lead to a significant reduction of the maximum destabilizing forces fs in the innovative breakwater whose values range between 60 and 80 of the ones computed on the traditional structure the obtained results show the co benefits in terms of functionality and hydraulic stability that an obrec v entails with respect to a traditional vertical breakwater

sr and nd isotopic evidence for punctuated clay diagenesis texas gulf coast we report rb sr sm nd and mineralogical data for leached whole rock 1200 m independent of the duration of burial the exchangeable sr in the clay has remained an open system and has undergone isotopic exchange since that time minimum fluid rock ratios of 0 2 to 2 are modeled from sr isotopic data consistent with rock dominated open system diagenesis leachates and residues of the 0 1 zm fraction below the smectite illite transition appear to have achieved nd isotopic equilibrium during clay diagenesis and show no signs of subsequent exchange the clay residues have low 147sm 144nd 0 085 indicating that authigenic illite has a lower sm nd ratio than its bulk rock protolith conversely the coexisting exchangeable ree inventory has elevated sm nd as reflected by leachate 14vsm 144nd as high as 0 188 this sm nd fractionation in conjunction with the preserved isotopic equilibrium may be useful for dating diagenesis and associated fluid rock interaction in older rocks

a method for estimating wind driven frictional time dependent stratified shelf and slope water flow abstract friction the alongshore pressure gradient and time dependent effects are all of lowest order importance in the dynamics of wind driven fluctuating currents and sea levels on continental shelves previous work has shown that when all these effects are included the ocean response can be described by an infinite sum of coastal trapped waves whose amplitudes satisfy a fully coupled infinite set of forced first order wave equations we present a practical method for solving this coupled set of equations for general low frequency large scale wind stress forcing as input convergence properties of the solution are examined analytically for the same accuracy more modes are required to describe alongshore currents than sea level and fewer modes are required to describe barotropic than depth dependent motion as an example numerical calculations were carried out for a model of the west florida shelf the sea level field was effectively described by one mode but the alongshore velocity field was not

efficient and robust wave overtopping estimation for impermeable coastal structures in shallow foreshores using swash abstract estimation of wave overtopping over the crest of coastal structures is crucial to design effective and cost efficient countermeasures against storms semi empirical formulas are often used for wave overtopping assessment but they are not always applicable for complex structures which exist in reality e g a storm wall on a dike in a shallow or very shallow foreshore detailed numerical models such as eulerian and lagrangian rans models have potential to simulate overtopping of complex coastal structures with good accuracy however such models require significant computational resources the use of such models is often not feasible for the design of coastal structures which often requires multiple iterations and model runs over a reasonably long period of time e g wave trains with 1000 individual waves in this paper we investigated the applicability of the simplified depth integrated wave transformation model swash for wave overtopping estimation of impermeable coastal structures in shallow foreshores the validation results demonstrate the capability of swash to predict mean wave overtopping discharge with good accuracy compared to results from four different overtopping experimental campaigns comprising 124 individual cases the overall performance of swash to estimate mean wave overtopping discharge is as accurate as those obtained by semi empirical equations in literature however in order to obtain accurate mean wave overtopping discharge with the swash model the incident wave properties at the toe of the dike need to be accurately reproduced for cases where this is not possible a correction method is proposed in this paper detailed validation of the instantaneous wave overtopping also shows a good agreement with physical model data in one example a single intensive overtopping event was not well resolved by the swash model and the instantaneous wave overtopping was under predicted however this did not contribute significantly to the mean wave overtopping discharge an additional advantage of the swash model is that specific coastal structure geometries can be modelled in swash if they are not covered by semi empirical equations even in a case with rapidly varied flow e g vertical wall on a dike the model shows sufficient robustness in this paper the details on the swash model configuration and post processing methods are outlined to enable the reader to reproduce reliable wave overtopping estimation over impermeable coastal structures in shallow foreshores