new human resource management practices complementarities and the impact on innovation performance in this paper we take our theoretical point of departure in recent work in organisational economics on systems of human resource management hrm practices we develop the argument that just as complementarities between new hrm practices influence financial performance positively there are theoretical reasons for expecting them also to influence innovation performance positively we examine this overall hypothesis by estimating an empirical model of innovation performance using data from a danish survey of 1 900 business firms using principal component analysis we identify two hrm systems which are conducive to innovation in the first one seven of our nine hrm variables matter almost equally for the ability to innovate the second system is dominated by firm internal and firm external training of the total of nine sectors that we consider we find that the four manufacturing sectors correlate with the first system firms belonging to wholesale trade and to the ict intensive service sectors tend to be associated with the second system

analysing the determinants of environmental technology investments a panel data study of spanish industrial sectors abstract the aim of this paper is to empirically assess the determinants of environmental technology investments in the spanish industrial sectors with the help of panel data econometric techniques the paper confirms the relevance of the stringency of environmental regulation to explain overall investment patterns in environmental technologies these investments are also positively related to human and physical capital intensity and r d intensity and negatively related to the export intensity of sectors furthermore the study shows that the determinants for investments are likely to differ between environmental technology types i e end of pipe versus cleaner technologies

the empirical analysis of the determinants for environmental technological change a research agenda abstract technological change is usually considered a necessary albeit not sufficient condition for a transition to sustainability however the empirical analysis of the determinants to environmental technological change has not received too much attention in the environmental ecological economics literature and many open questions remain in this context based on a careful review of the literature this paper argues that further analysis should address several issues at different levels i e regarding the conceptual framework the thematic scope of the studies some methodological issues and other aspects related to the environmental policy variable first an integrated conceptual framework which takes into account the interplay between relevant variables influencing environmental technological change i e factors internal and external to the firm and characteristics of the environmental technologies and all the stages of this process with a greater emphasis on the invention stage should be developed other aspects should then be tackled including a focus on several themes i e a greater attention to cross sectoral technologies the barriers to different types of environmental technologies the international dimension of environmental technological change and environmental technological change in small and medium size enterprises methodological issues combination of case studies and econometric modelling and several issues related to the environmental policy variable

the impact of legitimacy pressure and corporate profitability on green innovation evidence from china top 100 abstract green innovation is an important approach for achieving sustainable development most research on determinants of corporate green innovation has focused on either external or internal drivers combining institutional theory and resource based view the scientific value of this study lies in simultaneously exploring the influence of external legitimacy pressure and internal corporate profitability and their interaction on green innovation samples of the top 100 listed companies in china from 2008 to 2012 were used and the results demonstrated that legitimacy pressure from stakeholders has a significantly positive influence on both corporate green product innovation and process innovation the results also revealed that corporate profitability positively affects green product innovation while there was found to be no significant influence on green process innovation moreover corporate profitability positively moderates the relationship between legitimacy pressure and green product innovation the results show that not only the single factor of external legitimacy pressure and internal profitability but also their interaction affects corporate green innovation practices this offers an integrating perspective on how corporations can be more innovative in sustainability

stimulating different types of eco innovation in the uk government policies and firm motivations in this paper we adopt a recent oecd framework and examine the role of external policy tools and internal firm specific factors for stimulating three different types of eco innovations that range on a spectrum of lower to higher technological and environmental impacts end of pipeline pollution control technologies integrated cleaner production technologies and environmental r d using a novel firm level dataset from a defra survey we estimate a tobit model which provides empirical evidence showing that these eco innovations are motivated by different external policy tools and internal firm specific factors our findings indicate that end of pipeline technologies and integrated cleaner production technologies are mainly driven by equipment upgrade motives with a view of improving efficiency while environmental regulations are effective in stimulating the end of pipeline technologies and environmental r d interestingly alongside government induced regulations we find that market factors mainly motivated by cost savings are effective in driving environmental r d finally iso14001 certification is effective in strengthening the positive impact of environmental management systems on both end of pipeline technologies and environmental r d while csr policies have no significant impact on motivating any of the eco innovations

success factors for environmentally sustainable product innovation a systematic literature review the growing awareness regarding environmental sustainability has fully reached business reality consumers and companies alike are looking for alternatives to mitigate pressing environmental demands resulting from continuous population and economic growth on the other hand companies must deal with an increasingly competitive scenario where innovation is regarded as a survival need in most markets it is thus clear that systematic academic research is paramount to guide companies to succeed in environmentally sustainable product innovation in this context this paper i consolidate extant research and aggregate findings of different studies on environmentally sustainable product innovation through an interpretative framework of published literature on the topic and ii map critical success factors that drive the success of product innovation developed in this new logic of production and consumption to achieve these objectives a systematic literature review on environmentally sustainable product innovation was conducted results show that there are four main critical success factors for environmentally sustainable product innovation market law and regulation knowledge interfunctional collaboration innovation oriented learning and r d investments the factors identified in this research and corresponding variables were subjected to a brief empirical test by professionals the test allowed a preliminary approval of the developed framework and identification of the most important variables within each factor a research agenda based on the state of the art on the topic is also proposed

toward a new conception of the environment competitiveness relationship accepting a fixed trade off between environmental regulation and competitiveness unnecessarily raises costs and slows down environmental progress studies finding high environmental compliance costs have traditionally focused on static cost impacts ignoring any offsetting productivity benefits from innovation they typically overestimated compliance costs neglected innovation offsets and disregarded the affected industry s initial competitiveness rather than simply adding to cost properly crafted environmental standards can trigger innovation offsets allowing companies to improve their resource productivity shifting the debate from pollution control to pollution prevention was a step forward it is now necessary to make the next step and focus on resource productivity

focal organisations and eco innovation in consumption and production systems this paper explores the role of focal organisations in stimulating eco innovation at the locus of greatest environmental impacts within a consumption and production system cps focal organisations by definition have considerable power in these systems we combine insights from the innovation studies literature with the sustainable green supply chain literature to explore how focal organisations exercise this power in pursuit of system wide sustainability through a case study of the milk cps in the uk we illustrate different strategies of the focal organisations to stimulate incremental eco innovation along existing trajectories we also show how despite focal organisation support radical eco innovation is inhibited by inherent path dependencies and other institutional dimensions of the cps by demonstrating the complementarities of positioning the case study findings within two synergistic literatures this paper contributes theoretically by extending and elaborating eco innovation studies it also has a practical utility for policy makers seeking to chart a path to more sustainable cps by relying on focal organisations

local environmental non profit organizations and the green investment strategies of family firms we add to the debate on the determinants of firms green investment strategies gis by looking at societal stakeholders and explicitly testing the role of local environmental non profit organizations enpos in gis engagement by family and non family firms we argue that enpos favor gis engagement only by family firms which due to their resource constraints risk aversion and local embeddedness are more sensitive to enpos normative pressure we also suggest that the role of enpos is especially important for family firms gis in those sectors with less stringent regulations where enpos may act as a substitute for the coercive pressure of regulation and promote firms self regulatory behaviors we test and find support for our arguments on a sample of about 2000 italian manufacturing firms over the period 2001 2003 our results are robust to the control of observable omitted variables reverse causality and to alternative model specifications

linear rational expectations equilibrium laws of motion for selected u s raw material imports in this paper the authors develop and estimate time series models of the rational expectations equilibrium laws of m otion for several u s commodity imports bauxite cocoa coffee and petroleum the theoretical model is based upon the optimizing behavi or of firms that import in the presence of supply shocks delivery la gs and adjustment and inventory holding costs one of the important features of the empirical model is that the authors are able to estim ate elasticities that distinguish between responses to changes in the environment that importers expect to be relatively temporary versus relatively permanent copyright 1987 by economics department of the university of pennsylvania and the osaka university institute of social and economic research association

does the development of environmental innovation require different resources evidence from spanish manufacturing firms in recent years environmental innovations are getting increasingly at the center both of the scientific debate and of the policy maker agenda adopting the resource based view this paper provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the specific role of internal external and hybrid resources in the environmental innovation development using a dataset of 4829 spanish manufacturing firms and estimating probit models it is found that internal resources have greater importance for environmental innovations moreover green innovators seem to be characterized by more intensive external relationships for hybrid resources acquisition of equipment but not of patents is more relevant finally evidence suggest the relevance of complementing the analysis of the external factors triggering environmental innovations with those of the internal resources the firm has access to in order to fully understand and support the development of environmental innovations

pitfalls in market timing test abstract henriksson and merton s market timing test suffers nontrivial size distortion when the observations are serially dependent sequences potential danger of finding spurious timing ability can be avoided by implementing a markov regression that includes the lagged dependent variables as additional explanatory variables

habit formation and intertemporal substitution in individual food consumption individual food consumption data are used to examine three issues first is food consumption linked intertemporally at the individual level second does the association between current and past consumption reflect habit or heterogeneity third what do the estimates imply about the intertemporal elasticity of substitution the authors find that habit matters that controlling for heterogeneity reduces estimated habit effects and that the product of the estimated intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the risk aversion parameter is less than one these results all lead to rejection of time separable specifications of intertemporal consumption behavior copyright 1996 by mit press

redefining innovation eco innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics while innovation processes toward sustainable development eco innovations have received increasing attention during the past years theoretical and methodological approaches to analyze these processes are poorly developed against this background the term eco innovation is introduced in this paper addressing explicitly three kinds of changes towards sustainable development technological social and institutional innovation secondly the potential contribution of neoclassical and co evolutionary approaches from environmental and innovation economics to eco innovation research is discussed three peculiarities of eco innovation are identified the double externality problem the regulatory push pull effect and the increasing importance of social and institutional innovation while the first two are widely ignored in innovation economics the third is at the least not elaborated appropriately the consideration of these peculiarities may help to overcome market failure by establishing a specific eco innovation policy and to avoid a technology bias through a broader understanding of innovation finally perspectives for a specific contribution of ecological economics to eco innovation research are drawn it is argued that methodological pluralism as established in ecological economics would be very beneficial for eco innovation research a theoretical framework integrating elements from both neoclassical and evolutionary approaches should be pursued in order to consider the complexity of factors influencing innovation decisions as well as the specific role of regulatory instruments and the experience gathered in ecological economics integrating ecological social and economic aspects of sustainable development is highly useful for opening up innovation research to social and institutional changes 2000 elsevier science b v all rights reserved

determinants of environmental innovation new evidence from german panel data sources abstract in most cases empirical analyses of environmental innovations based on firm level data relied on surveys for one point in time these surveys allow for the inclusion of many explanatory variables such as different policy instruments or the influence of pressure groups but it is not possible to address the dynamic character of environmental innovations this paper uses two german panel databases the establishment panel of the institute for employment research iab and the mannheim innovation panel mip of the centre for european economic research zew to explore the determinants of environmental innovations the econometric estimations show that the improvement of the technological capabilities knowledge capital by r d triggers environmental innovations environmental regulation environmental management tools and general organizational changes also encourage environmental innovation a result that has also been postulated by the famous porter hypothesis

co operative r d why and with whom an integrated framework of analysis abstract firms use r d partnerships to access knowledge and build global r d networks this article develops an integrated framework to examine the determinants of the choice of partners with which firms co operate on r d this resource based perspective underscores the interactions between three major questions why co operate who does and with whom it argues in particular that the choice of partners is dictated by the complementary resources which the latter command the framework is then expanded to predict the relative efficiency of r d co operation with different partners including suppliers clients rivals academic institutions and foreign firms the empirical analysis which is based on responses to france s version of the second european community innovation survey cis 2 strongly supports the overall framework of analysis

determinants of environmental innovation in us manufacturing industries abstract this paper provides new evidence on the determinants of environmental innovation we employ panel data models to study how environmental innovation by us manufacturing industries responded to changes in pollution abatement expenditures and regulatory enforcement during the period 1983 through 1992 we find that 1 environmental innovation as measured by the number of successful environmental patent applications granted to the industry responded to increases in pollution abatement expenditures however 2 increased monitoring and enforcement activities related to existing regulations did not provide any additional incentive to innovate we also find some empirical evidence that environmental innovation is more likely to occur in industries that are internationally competitive

intertemporal substitution in import demand and habit formation to study non durable import demand we extend previous work done by clarida 1994 and ceglowski 1991 by considering a two good version of the lifecycle model in which we introduce time non separability in the households preferences the model is estimated using quarterly data for the usa and france using the information contained in the observed stochastic and deterministic trends we derive a cointegration restriction used to estimate curvature parameters of the instantaneous utility function the remaining parameters are estimated in a second step by gmm the constancy of the different parameters is investigated in both the long and the short run habit formation turns out to be an important factor of import demand c 1998 john wiley sons ltd

process innovation and environmental sustainability engagement an application on technological firms abstract this study makes a contribution to the current literature by analysing how an internal strategic decision process innovation interacts with some features of the external environment to explain environmental sustainability engagement by companies drawing on economic and institutional rationales three hypotheses are proposed to examine the relationship between process innovation and environmental sustainability engagement considering the role played by the competitive and institutional context in which the firm operates the hypotheses are tested using a sample of 239 companies in high tech sectors operating in spanish science and technology parks using a non parametric test the results show that companies that perform process innovation are more engaged in environmental sustainability based on hierarchical regression models further results show that performing process innovation more than competitors is related to higher environmental sustainability engagement however when time is considered in the model as an explanatory factor the effect exerted by the institutional environment fades away furthermore the results show that as companies accumulate years operating in a science and technology park the relationship between process innovation and environmental sustainability engagement even becomes negative these findings suggest that there is a strong link between process innovation and sustainability engagement companies tend to satisfy both economic restrictions posed by their competitive environment and institutional pressures exerted by their stakeholders albeit in a manner that is not evenly distributed over time similarly firms devote more attention to institutional pressures at the beginning and to economic requirements in later stages of their evolution within science and technology parks

what drives eco innovators a critical review of the empirical literature based on econometric methods abstract the aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the literature on the econometric analyses of firm level determinants to eco innovation the review reveals some gaps in knowledge first an integrated theoretical framework which merges the insights from different approaches is missing second the influence of some variables is still unsettled demand pull and cost savings whereas others have hardly been included in previous analyses internal and international factors third studies on the drivers to eco innovation versus general innovation are relatively scarce with respect to those on the drivers to eco innovation in general fourth analyses of the relevance of different determinants to eco innovation for distinct eco innovator and eco innovation types have largely been missing fifth studies on middle income and developing countries are still scarce sixth the econometric analyses have relied on microeconometric methods based on cross section data mostly logit and probit models whereas the use of panel data is virtually absent seventh detailed econometric analyses on the distinct drivers and barriers to eco innovation in different sectors and regions have not been performed so far finally whether the position of the firm in the value chain and the market structure influence the propensity to eco innovate are largely unexplored topics