who benefits from local job growth migrants or the original residents bartik t j 1993 who benefits from local job growth migrants or the original residents reg studies 27 297 311 this paper surveys research on whether the new jobs resulting from growth in a local economy e g a metropolitan area go to inmigrants or the original local residents the empirical evidence suggests that around one quarter of the new jobs from local growth increases the labour force participation rates of local residents in the long run these long run effects may occur because local growth provides residents with valuable employment experience research also suggests that minorities benefit most from growth and that higher wage industries provide greater employment benefits for local residents bartik t j 1993 qui est ce qui beneficie de la croissance d emploi locale les migrants ou la population autochtone reg studies 27 297 311 cet article etudie la recherche effectuee dans le but d evaluer si les nouveaux emplois dus a la croissance d une economic locale par exemple une

household labor supply and welfare participation in sweden using a sample of swedish households we estimate a household labor supply model assuming that preferences for consumption and leisure can be described by a direct translog utility function the labor supply and welfare participation decisions are treated as a discrete choice problem and we assume that these choices follow a simple conditional logit rule in addition we allow unobserved individual specific effects to be correlated across alternatives we assume that these unobserved effects are drawn from a discrete distribution and the correlation across alternatives is modeled using factor loading techniques classification error in hours is allowed for by using a multiplicative measurement error specification the estimates from the structural model yield inelastic labor supply among husbands and positive wage elasticity for wives further the cross elasticities are close to zero

the economic consequences of productivity changes a computable general equilibrium cge analysis cutler h and davies s the economic consequences of productivity changes a computable general equilibrium cge analysis regional studies this paper uses a data intensive cge model to examine sector specific impacts of increases in total factor productivity and labour and capital productivity it focuses on the importance of a sector s output in household consumption and firms intermediate input demand the importance of labour and capital in value added and the impact on the city s consumer price index cpi as factors influencing the transmission mechanism the general equilibrium effects result in unambiguous increases in household migration for total factor productivity and capital productivity but not for the labour case this analysis emphasizes the impact on household income and tax revenue per new household cutler h et davies s les consequences economiques des changements de productivite une analyse egc regional studies cet article utilise un modele d equilibre general calculable egc

collective labour supply taxes and intrahousehold allocation an empirical approach most empirical studies of the impact of labor income taxation on the labor supply behavior of households use a unitary modeling approach in this article we empirically analyze income taxation and

a new approach to understanding labour supply of disabled people abstractthe main interest of this article is to propose an individual utility maximization model to explain the low participation of disabled people we account for heterogeneity of preferences and

does work pay in france monetary incentives hours constraints and the guaranteed minimum income abstract this paper uses a representative sample of individuals on france s main welfare program the revenu minimum d insertion or rmi to estimate monetary incentives for employment among welfare recipients based on the estimated joint distribution of wages and hours potentially offered to each individual we compute potential gains from working in a very detailed manner relating these gains to observed employment we then estimate a simple structural labor supply model we find that potential gains are almost always positive but very small on average especially for single mothers because of the high implicit marginal tax rates embedded in the system employment rates are sensitive to incentives with extensive margin elasticities for both men and women usually below one conditional on these elasticities simulations indicate that existing policies devoted to reducing marginal tax rates at the bottom of the income distribution such as the interessement earnings top up program have little impact in this population due to their very limited scope the negative income tax prime pour l emploi seems to be an exception

revealing preferences for leisure time from stated preference data when consumer choice is constrained by time as well as money willingness to pay can be defined with respect to either numeraire the two measures can be related formally within a utility consistent model of choice subject to two constraints furthermore when information is collected on both the respondent s marginal value of time can be identified a system of willingness to pay time and money and the marginal value of leisure time is estimated jointly in an application to california whalewatching and whale stock enhancement the empirical approach can be applied with only minor additions to survey techniques for nonmarket valuation

migration regional equilibrium and the estimation of compensating differentials in this study we have developed an improved model of net migration that encompasses both equilibrium and disequilibrium components instrumental variables fixed effects estimates of the model with time series data for 51 areas in the united states over the period 1971 1988 support the importance of both equilibrium and disequilibrium factors in migration excerpt

assessing empirical approaches for analyzing taxes and labor supply recent surveys on the labor supply responses of men document a divergence in the estimates of substitution and income effects obtained using various estimation approaches generally studies accounting for nonlinear tax schedules in a static setting via a piecewise linear approach produce estimates that typically imply higher substitution and lower income responses than are suggested by empirical work applying other approaches this paper demonstrates that maximum likelihood estimation of a consumer choice problem with nonlinear budget sets implicitly relies on the satisfaction of inequality constraints that translate into behaviorally meaningful restrictions these constraints arise not as a consequence of economic theory but instead as a requirement to create a properly defined statistical model in the analysis of piecewise linear budget sets the implicit constraints required by maximum likelihood in estimation amount to imposition of slutsky conditions at all wage income combinations associated with kink points in the analysis of differentiable budget sets the tacit constraints invoked by maximum likelihood also involve inequality restrictions on slutsky terms the empirical work presented in this study supports the contention that these implicit constraints play a major role in explaining the discrepancies in estimates found in the literature on men s labor supply

behavioural tax microsimulation with finite hours choices abstract it is often argued that institutional factors constrain the labour supply choices open to the individual in this paper we present an alternative to the standard neoclassical model of labour supply under the presumption that the number of hours choices are discrete and finite we explore alternative specifications of discrete models of labour supply which are appropriate for the microsimulation of the behavioural impact of tax policy reform policy simulations are carried out for a basic income reform

public conservation land and employment growth in the northern forest region we quantify the effect that public conservation lands have on employment growth in the northern forest region of the united states a model of simultaneous employment and net migration growth is estimated with data on non metropolitan counties from 1990 to 1997 exogenous variables include the 1990 share of the land base in public conservation uses we find that net migration rates were higher in counties with more conservation lands but the effects are relatively small no significant effect on employment growth is detected as well variables measuring changes in public timber harvests have no effect on employment growth

an empirical model of discrete and continuous choice in family labor supply because of the interdependent nature of family labor supply decisions the nonnegativity constrai nt on women s hours of work will spill over into other consumption an d labor supply decisions of the family here the author develops an e conometric model of family labor supply that captures this spillove r while addressing the usual censoring issues as well the model i s based on a flexible direct utility function and permits unobservabl e differences in tastes the model is estimated by the maximum likeli hood method on a sample of about 1 200 families from the panel study of income dynamics copyright 1987 by mit press

jobs versus amenities in the analysis of metropolitan migration abstract this paper demonstrates that jobs and wages are considerably more important than location specific amenities in explaining net metropolitan migration of employed persons these results which are derived mainly from a unique set of annual migration data differ considerably from the earlier findings of p e graves j urban econom 6 135 147 1979 that show amenities to be powerful contributors to the analysis of net metropolitan migration several hypotheses are offered and tested to explain the appreciable difference between graves s results and those of the present study but the importance of economic factors as opposed to amenities persists the findings of this study are generally consistent with the earlier findings of muth southern econom j 37 295 306 1971

labor force dynamics of older married couples this article analyzes the dynamics of joint labor force behavior of older couples in the united states using the retirement history survey rhs i analyze the determinants of joint retirement and the effect of one spouse s labor force status on the labor force transitions of the other spouse the results reveal strong associations between the labor force transition probabilities of one spouse and the labor force status of the other spouse these result from structural differences in exit and entry behavior by the spouse s status several lagged endogenous variables have substantial effects on behavior even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity

tax reform and the dutch labor market an applied general equilibrium approach abstract this paper develops an applied general equilibrium model to explore various tax cuts aimed at combating unemployment and raising labor supply the model calibrates modern labor market theories on wage setting job matching labor supply and labor demand on dutch data it represents the core of a larger applied general equilibrium model for the netherlands called mimic simulations reveal that targeting in work benefits at the low skilled is the most effective way to cut economy wide unemployment however targeting is likely to damage the quality and quantity of labor supply tax cuts in the higher tax brackets boost the quantity and quality of formal labor supply but are less effective in reducing unemployment and in raising unskilled employment and female labor supply

the estimation of a joint wage hours labor supply model in this paper the standard cross sectional static model of labor supply is modified to make the wage endogenous and a joint wage hours model is estimated the econometric technique addresses the non linearity of the budget constraint by approximating the constraint by a series of discrete points the results show that the budget constraint is indeed nonlinear that hours affect the wage quadratically that true wage elasticities are lower as a result and that the model fits the hours distribution much better than the standard tobit model

the voluntary price for the small consumer real time pricing in spain abstract in 2013 a period of reform was initiated of the regulatory framework of the spanish electricity sector a year later the methodology for the calculation of the voluntary price for the small consumer vpsc was approved a real time price tariff for small domestic consumers under this price setting system vpsc consumers are billed according to their hourly consumption and hourly prices along the day directive 27 2014 eu on energy saving was also transposed to spanish regulation in 2014 the impact on the spanish electricity market and domestic vpsc consumers of these two recent energy policy modifications are analyzed in this work a qualitative model based on the flexibility of the merit order curves is first introduced to formulate a number of hypotheses a set of scenarios are then examined to quantify the main effects on the market and on domestic consumers the results show that domestic energy saving and to a lesser extent load shifting scenarios can diminish the mean hourly price and the cost of the annual traded energy in the market nevertheless these reductions are mainly granted to large qualified consumers since domestic consumers mostly benefit from the reduction of their energy demand rather than from a reduction of the price

health insurance and retirement of married couples summary most health insurance in the usa is provided by employers until eligibility for public health insurance medicare begins at age 65 retiring before 65 exposes workers who lack retiree health insurance coverage to the risk of catastrophic medical expenditure we solve and estimate a dynamic model of the employment behavior of older married couples that includes risky medical expenditure and health insurance parameter estimates imply that the risk reducing feature of health insurance can account for about half of the observed association between retiree health insurance and employment for married men but can account for only one tenth of the much larger observed association for married women policy simulations imply very small effects on employment of changing the age of eligibility for medicare from 65 to 67 copyright 2006 john wiley sons ltd

central city crime and suburban economic growth this paper explores the relationship between inner city crime patterns and suburban income growth analysing data on 318 us counties for selected metropolitan statistical areas of 32 states within the united states from 1982 to 1997 the findings suggest that violent crime does seem to have a negative impact on close in suburbs with a less negative impact farther away from the central city becoming positive at some point while results are not as robust as we had hoped they are consistent with flight to further out suburbs rather than migration to different metropolitan areas in response to urban crime

taxes female labour supply and household income differences between the netherlands and the federal republic of germany the article investigates the effect of taxes and social premiums on female labour supply and household income a comparison is made between labour supply and household income between the netherlands and the federal republic of germany in 1992 a discrete choice model for labour supply is used in which taxes and social premiums are implicitly incorporated as male labour supply is highly inelastic an individual male chauvinist model is used the estimated models are used to simulate the effect of the differences in the tax and social premium system on the differences in labour supply and income between both countries the results indicate that labour force participation is higher the more individualized the system the german system leads to a lower tax burden compared to the dutch system it is concluded that differences in the tax and social premium system between both countries have hardly any influence on the differences in the inequality of net household labour income there is evidence that the germ

the demand for leisure time in the presence of constrained work hours w douglass shaw this article presents a labor supply model designed to address situations of overemployment or underemployment in the labor market previous labor supply models have taken the possibility of work hour constraints into consideration but typically assumed that the existence of fixed work hours only influenced the decision of labor force participation this ignores situations in which individuals choose to be employed at fixed hour jobs even though these jobs do not offer the desired work hours jel j22 i introduction early attempts to incorporate time into consumer theory such as those by becker 1965 and by deserpa 1971 and to explain behavior in labor markets such as heckman s 1974 pioneering study relied on the assumption that individuals are able to freely adjust the hours they work the ability of an individual to achieve equilibrium in these models depends on flexible work hours for many individuals however hours of work are likely to be constrained individuals wishing to increase or decrease their work time may face a decision of either accepting the fixed hour schedule or exiting the labor force more refined models of labor force participation put forth by moffitt 1982 tummers and woittiez 1990 and zabel 1993 recognized this by incorporating a fixed hour constraint directly into the labor force participation decision generally these models assume that individuals decide whether or not to accept employment by comparing offered hours with desired hours if desired hours exceed offered hours then the individual enters the labor force models with a fixed hour constraint represent an improvement but they ignore the possibility that a large proportion of the labor force is likely to be either underemployed or overemployed due to the ubiquity of fixed hour employment the presence of these types of jobs is well documented in the literature schor 1991 lists several reasons including lack of lower skilled jobs costly fringe benefits and increased business competition why underemployment and overemployment is prevalent in the u s workplace prior studies by mossin and bronfenbrenner 1967 and by altonji and paxson 1988 document underemployment in the workplace in a study of the u s work force ham 1982 found that unemployed and underemployed workers ranged from 19 2 in 1973 to 28 2 in 1970 1 on the overemployment side tarling 1987 claims that recent evidence indicates that many employees would be prepared to forgo some of their earnings in order to reduce their hours of work p 85 bockstael et al 1987 make a simi lar observation noting that in their sample individuals with fixed working hours appear to value time much more highly than the wage rate and would be willing to trade work for leisure p 301 hahnel 1998 concluded that results from a 1994 survey suggest that u s workers have a slight preference for pay cuts in order to reduce their work hours about 50 of the respondents claimed they would accept a 10 reduction in pay in order to work a four day week well over half of the respondents in the survey claimed that it was either fairly difficult or almost impossible to reduce their work hours and over 60 reported that reducing their work hours would have a negative impact on their careers although the existence of underemployment and overemployment is well documented explicitly accounting for it in labor supply models remains largely unexplored in the literature in this paper the labor supply model originally analyzed by heckman 1974 is extended to recognize and incorporate fixed hour situations heckman s model which has been described as the most prevalent in the literature by zabel 1993 is derived by comparing reservation and market wages in its original form it posited a strong link between the labor force participation decision and the labor supply decision

theoretical and practical arguments for modeling labor supply as a choice among latent jobs models of labor supply derived from stochastic utility representations and discretized sets of feasible hours of work have gained popularity because they are more practical than standard approaches based on marginal calculus in this paper we argue that practicality is not the only feature that can be addressed by means of stochastic choice theory this theory also offers a powerful framework for developing a more realistic model for labor supply choices founded on individuals having preferences over jobs and facing restrictions on the choice of jobs and hours of work we discuss and clarify how this modeling framework deviates from both the conventional discrete approach van soest 1995 as well as the standard textbook approach based on marginal calculus hausman 1985 we furthermore discuss how the model based on job choice offers the possibility of conducting a richer set of simulations of alternative policies

migration and the dynamic stability of regional econometric models two different versions of a representative model of population employment and induced spending are introduced and discussed the second version is then fitted to time series data for alaska arizona colorado and florida and tested for sensitivity to slight variations in the parameters of the net migration equation all four fitted models are found to be dynamically unstable the implications concerning the equation are considered annotation

family labor supply with taxes over the period 1960 1983 the proportion of federal tax revenue raised by taxation of labor supply has risen from 57 77 percent in this paper we specify and estimate a model of family labor supply which treats both federal and state taxation husbands and wives labor supply are treated jointly rather than in aseparate manner as in previous research a method to calculate the virtual wage for nonworking spouses is used within a utility maximizing framework to treat correctly the joint family labor supply decision joint family efforts are found to be important the efficiency cost deadweight loss of labor taxation is estimated to be 29 6 of tax revenue raised the effect of the new 10 deduction to ease the marriage tax for working spouses leads to a prediction of 3 8 increase in wives labor supply and a 9 decrease in husbands labor supply overall taxes paid are predicted to decrease by 3 4 this abstract was borrowed from another version of this item

the econometrics of piecewise linear budget constraints a survey and exposition of the maximum likelihood method in this article maximum likelihood techniques for estimating consumer demand functions when budget constraints are piecewise linear are exposited and surveyed consumer demand functions are formally derived under such constraints and it is shown that the functions are themselves nonlinear as a result the econometric problems in estimating such functions are exposited and the importance of the stochastic specification is stressed in particular the specification of both unobserved heterogeneity of preferences and measurement error econometric issues in estimation and testing are discussed and the results of the studies that have been conducted to date are surveyed

welfare reform in european countries a microsimulation analysis this article compares the effects of increasing traditional welfare to introducing in work benefits in the 15 pre enlargement countries of the european union we use a labour supply model encompassing responses to taxes and transfers along both the intensive and extensive margins and the euromod microsimulation model to estimate current marginal and participation tax rates we quantify the equity efficiency trade off for a range of elasticity parameters in most countries because of large existing welfare programmes with high phase out rates increasing traditional welfare is undesirable unless the redistributive tastes of the government are extreme in contrast the in work benefit reform is desirable in a very wide set of cases

quantity rationing and concavity in a flexible household labor supply model in the first part of this paper the authors derive explicit expressions for the direct utility functions conditional demand equations and concavity conditions in both price income and quantity space for the demand system introduced by hausman and ruud 1984 these results are then used in an empirical static family labor supply model in which kinked budget constraints and unemployment benefits are taken into account for both spouses imposition of concavity is necessary for consistent estimation and the concavity constraint appears to be binding copyright 1990 by mit press

structural models of family labor supply a discrete choice approach a static neoclassical structural model is presented explaining labor supply of both spouses in two adult households in the netherlands family preferences are described with a direct translog utility function with the husbands leisure the wifes leisure and family income as its arguments we assume that the choice set of each family is finite account is taken of the dutch tax and benefits system we allow for hours restrictions and random preferences and account for unobserved wages of nonworkers the models are estimated using smooth simulated maximum likelihood results based upon dutch cross section data from 1987 are illustrated by confidence intervals for elasticities and by several policy simulations excerpt

structural estimation of family labor supply with taxes estimating a continuous hours model using a direct utility specification this paper proposes a new method for estimating family labor supply in the presence of taxes this method accounts for continuous hours choices measurement error unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for work the nonlinear form of the tax code and fixed costs of work in one comprehensive specification estimated on data from the 2001 psid the resulting elasticities for married males are consistent with those found elsewhere in the literature but female wage elasticities are substantially smaller than those found in most of the literature simulations of recent tax acts predict small effects on the labor supply of married couples

collective labor supply and welfare the paper develops a general collective model of household labor supply in which agents are characterized by their own possibly altruistic preferences and household decisions are only assumed to be pareto efficient an alternative interpretation is that there are two stages in the internal decision process agents first share nonlabor income according to some given sharing rule then each one optimally chooses his or her own labor supply and consumption this setting is shown to generate testable restrictions on labor supplies moreover the observation of labor supply behavior is sufficient for recovering individual preferences and the sharing rule up to a constant finally the traditional tools of welfare analysis can be adapted to the new setting

residential amenities firm location and economic development amenities are regarded as increasingly important to the location decisions of certain types of firm yet they are often ignored in economic development research because of the assumption that they attract only workers and that this workforce in turn attracts firms this paper argues for a reduced form model of the impact of amenities on corporate location when testing such a model at the intra metropolitan scale it will be necessary to measure amenities not only at the potential worksite but also where employees are likely to live this paper tests such a firm location model using a sample of municipalities in northern new jersey results support the hypothesis that firms evaluate certain amenities with respect to the likely residential locations of their employees

labor supply as a choice among latent jobs unobserved heterogeneity and identification this paper discusses aspects of a framework for modeling labor supply where the notion of job choice is fundamental in this framework workers are assumed to have preferences over latent job opportunities belonging to worker specific choice sets from which they choose their preferred job the observed hours of work and wage is interpreted as the job specific hours and wage of the chosen job the main contribution of this paper is an analysis of the identification problem of this framework under various conditions when conventional cross section micro data are applied

optimal income taxation of lone mothers an empirical comparison of the uk and germany optimal tax rules are used to evaluate the optimality of taxation for lone mothers in germany and britain the theoretical model is combined with elasticities derived from the structural estimation of lone mothers labour supply for both countries we do not find that in work credits with marginal tax rates are optimal however we show that when the government has a low taste for redistribution out of work transfers and transfer for the working poor are very similar implying very low marginal tax rates further the current tax and transfer systems in both countries are shown to be optimal only if governments have a much higher welfare value for income received by the non workers than the working poor government run transfer and redistribution programmes are of major importance in most developed countries such countries spend large amounts of public funds to provide income support to the poor although the precise structure of these pro grammes differs substantially as expenditures on public income support programmes count for a sizeable share of the government s budget in welfare states and because of their alleged negative work incentive effects there is an ongoing public debate about policy reforms in this area this controversy can be best described by the trade off between equity and efficiency income transfers increase the disposable income of the disadvantaged and thus their well being but the programmes introduce distortions that might lead to substantial disincentives in the labour market the aim of this article is to apply recent results from the optimal tax literature to analyse the design of personal income tax and welfare benefits empirically and to discuss its optimality we focus on the tax and transfer systems for lone mothers in germany and the uk

marital sorting inequality and the role of female labor supply evidence from east and west germany this paper examines to what extent marital sorting affects cross sectional earnings inequality in germany over the past three decades while explicitly taking into account labor supply choices using rich micro data the observed distribution of couples earnings is compared to a counterfactual of randomly matched spouses hypothetical earnings are predicted based on a structural model of household labor supply for west germany a positive effect of marital sorting on inequality is found after adjusting for labor supply behavior while the effect is limited when earnings are taken as given this means that there is positive sorting in earnings potential which is veiled by relatively low female labor force participation in east germany the impact of marital sorting on inequality is highly disequalizing irrespective of adjusting for labor supply choices this is mainly due to the fact that east german women are much more attached to the labor market

understanding gross worker flows across u s states abstract the main cross sectional and time series properties of state level gross and net worker flows wages and rents are characterized using micro data from the u s census a dynamic general equilibrium model of worker migration is introduced to explain the stylized facts in the model a location may experience simultaneous inflows and outflows of workers recent migrants choose to migrate more often than incumbent workers thus locations that attract high numbers of migrants also tend to experience high outflow rates this pattern is a robust feature of the data and cannot be explained by models of net flows only

conditional transfers labor supply and poverty microsimulating oportunidades this article summarizes a microsimulation exercise for the mexican human development program oportunidades and presents a series of simulations of its actual and potential impact upon poverty at the national urban and rural levels the microsimulation tool used for this paper makes accounting and behavioral exercises and aims to answer three main questions what would have happened to poverty if the program had been cancelled if benefits were doubled or if urban beneficiaries were doubled we conclude that oportunidades can be associated with up to a third of the reduction in rural poverty in mexico by the year 2002 doubling benefits and targeting urban beneficiaries would reduce poverty a further 30 percent from its 2002 level we also find that each percentage point of poverty reduction at the rural level costs around 326 million pesos per month in cash transfers that is 1 2 percent of the central government s total spending in 2002 further reductions of poverty would have higher or lower average costs depending on the area and on whether they are performed either by extensions in coverage or by enlargement of benefits finally behavioral simulations suggest that labor supply does not seem to be much affected by current cash transfers from oportunidades

estimating taxable income responses with elasticity heterogeneity abstract we explore elasticity heterogeneity in the estimation of the elasticity of taxable income eti and propose potentially valid instruments we show that previously used instruments are not valid and yield weighted averages of etis of different taxpayers plus a bias using the nber tax panel for 1979 1990 we find a weighted average eti of 0 57 when using all available variation in budget set changes provided by the tax reforms in the data our results also demonstrate that elasticity heterogeneity is an important explanation for the remarkable divergence of estimates in the previous literature

viewpoint empirical evidence and tax policy design lessons from the mirrlees review this paper examines the role of evidence in drawing up the recommendations for tax reform in the mirrlees review the arguments are organised loosely under five related headings i key margins of adjustment ii measurement of effective tax rates iii the importance of information and complexity iv evidence on the size of responses v implications from theory for tax design although the mirrlees review focuses on all aspects of tax reform the focus is this paper is on the taxation of earnings with some examples drawn from the taxation of consumption and savings ce memoire examine le role des resultats dans la confection des recommandations pour la reforme fiscale dans l enquete mirrlees les arguments sont regroupes sous cinq rubriques i les importantes marges d ajustement ii la mesure des taux d imposition effective iii l importance de l information et de la complexite iv constat sur la taille des reponses et v les implications pour la theorie du design des politiques d imposition meme si l enquete mirrlees a examine tous les aspects de la reforme fiscale ce texte met l accent sur l impot sur les remunerations avec quelques exemples portant sur l impot sur la consommation et l epargne

migration and interregional employment redistribution in the united states during the 1970 s the south and west census regions accounted for 89 9 percent of incremental u s population and 72 5 percent of incremental nonagricultural employment these figures are sharply higher than corresponding figures for any other decade in u s history for example during the 1930 s the south and west gained 65 4 percent of incremental national population which was the highest share previously recorded the immediate cause of the interregional population shifts is fairly heavy net out migration from the northeast and north central regions to the south and west combined with birth rates that are near historical low levels interactive relationships that cause employment growth and migration to reinforce one another are probably operating but these relationships are not well understood they are the focus of this paper using a new and unique set of time series data on migration and employment we develop and estimate a time series model of migration and employment growth for each of 171 u s regions our primary emphasis in this paper is on the 57 major metropolitan

study on labour supply when tax evasion is an option with box cox functional forms and random parameters labour supply when tax evasion is an option is analysed within a discrete choice framework which incorporates random parameters and box cox functional forms using mixed logit models deviates in parameters and in some cases correlation between alternatives in the evasion group are found to be significant the models utilized yield good predictions in terms of labour supply and taxes paid by nonevaders the goodness of fit and quality of prediction is improved by the introduction of correlation between random coefficients

estimating labor supply responses and welfare participation using a natural experiment to validate a structural labor supply model in this paper we formulate and estimate an economic model of labor supply and welfare participation the model is estimated on data on single men from quebec drawn from the 1986 canadian census budget sets for each work welfare combination accounting for income taxes tax credits and welfare benefit rules are derived using a microsimulation model we validate our model by comparing reactions to a welfare reform that implied a dramatic increase in welfare benefits predicted by our model to those obtained by using a regression discontinuity approach the results show that our model is capable of recovering actual changes in labor supply and welfare participation we also show the advantage of having estimated a structural model by illustrating how labor supply and welfare participation change when benefit levels change

household unemployment and the labour supply of married women a recent reform to the uk unemployment insurance ui system has reduced the duration of entitlement from 12 to six months the ui and welfare systems interact in the uk in such a way that exhaustion of ut for married individuals has potentially large disincentive effects on the labour supply of spouses a model of labour supply is estimated for married women allowing for endogenous unemployment durations of husbands and wives we distinguish between transfer programme induced incentive effects correlation between labour supply and wages within couples complementarity between the leisure times of spouses and a discouraged worker effect

sectoral labour supply choice restrictions and functional form this is the authors submitted article version which is the pre peer reviewed version of the article the article changed title in the peer reviewing process from analyzing labor supply behavior with latent job opportunity sets and institutional choice constraints later published as discussion paper no 399 http brage bibsys no ssb handle urn nbn no bibsys brage 21006