energy consumption and economic growth relationship evidence from panel data for low and middle income countries abstract this paper uses the panel data of energy consumption ec and economic growth gdp for 51 countries from 1971 to 2005 these countries are divided into three groups low income group lower middle income group and upper middle income group countries firstly a relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is investigated by employing pedroni 1999 panel cointegration method secondly panel causality test is applied to investigate the way of causality between the energy consumption and economic growth finally we test whether there is a strong or weak relationship between these variables by using pedroni 2001 method the empirical results of this study are as follows i energy consumption and gdp are cointegrated for all three income group countries ii the panel causality test results reveal that there is long run granger causality running from gdp to ec for low income countries and there is bidirectional causality between ec and gdp for middle income countries iii the estimated cointegration factor is not close to 1 in other words no strong relation is found between energy consumption and economic growth for all income groups considered in this study the findings of this study have important policy implications and it shows that this issue still deserves further attention in future research

disaggregate energy consumption employment and income in turkey the purpose of this paper is to contribute to literature on energy consumption and economic growth relationship by examining how much of the variance in national income growth can be explained by the growth of different sources of energy consumption and employment in turkey we use the recently developed generalized forecast error variance decomposition technique of koop et al j econom 74 1996 119 and pesaran and shin econ lett 58 1998 17 to determine the information content of the growth rate of energy consumption waste seems to have the largest initial impact followed by oil however over a 3 year horizon lignite appears to explain the largest forecast error variance of gdp the total energy consumption explains 21 of forecast error variance of gdp energy consumption appears to be almost as important as employment in turkey therefore policy makers may be interested in identifying the energy dependencies of economic growth in allocating the energy investment budget

determinants of energy consumption function in saarc countries balancing the odds abstract the objective of the study is to investigate the multivariate energy consumption function for south asian association for regional cooperation saarc countries namely bangladesh india nepal pakistan and srilanka particularly economic growth gdp relative prices of energy rep foreign direct investment fdi and different financial development indicators i e broad money supply liquid liabilities domestic credit provided by banking sector and domestic credit to private sector over a period of 1975 2011 the results reveal that granger causality running from all other variables to fdi which indicates a strong support for the hypothesis that energy consumption ec gdp rep and fd are important determinants in promoting the fdi both in short and long run in the context of bangladesh the results suggest for india indicate that gdp fdi rep and fd are useful in explaining the movements of ec in the short run similarly the granger causality results indicate that ec gdp rep and fd are the important determinants of fdi in case of nepal rep is the only variable whose movements in the short run determined by movements in the other four variables i e gdp fdi ec and fd however the ec also provide useful information about the variable fd the results of pakistan indicate the causal relationship among fdi and ec which supports the feedback hypothesis in the short and long run similarly both variables i e fdi and gdp supports the feedback hypothesis both in the long run and short run where as fd and ec fd and rep fdi and rep and finally rep and gdp supports the feedback hypothesis in the short run in case of srilanka this study did not find any strong support of the causality among the variables either in the short or long run except unidirectional granger causality running from fd to ec and ec to fdi

turn on the lights macroeconomic factors affecting renewable energy in pakistan the objective of the study is to examine the relationship between macroeconomic factors i e population growth urbanization industrialization exchange rate price level food production index and live stock production index and renewable energy in pakistan over a period of 1975 2012 in addition this study uses oil rent as an intervening variable to overcome the biasness of the single equation model the results indicate that macroeconomic factors positively contributed to renewable energy consumption in pakistan the causality test indicate that there is a unidirectional causality running towards macroeconomic factors to renewable energy in pakistan however renewable energy granger cause oil rent but not via other route in addition there is bidirectional causality between exchange rate and live stock production in pakistan variance decomposition analysis shows that economic growth has a major contribution to increase renewable energy in pakistan

energy consumption and gdp causality relationship in g 7 countries and emerging markets abstract the causality relationship between energy consumption and income is a well studied topic in energy economics this paper studies the time series properties of energy consumption and gdp and reexamines the causality relationship between the two series in the top 10 emerging markets excluding china due to lack of data and g 7 countries we discover bi directional causality in argentina causality running from gdp to energy consumption in italy and korea and from energy consumption to gdp in turkey france germany and japan hence energy conservation may harm economic growth in the last four countries

money income prices and interest rates including data from the 1980s sharply weakens the postwar time series evidence indicating significant relationships between money however defined and nominal income or between money and either real income or prices separately focusing on data from 1970 onward destroys this evidence altogether evidence indicating cointegration of real income and real money balances with due allowance for the effect of interest rates also deteriorates when the sample extends through the 1980s a positive finding is that the spread between the commercial paper rate and the treasury bill rate consistently contains highly significant information about future movements in real income copyright 1992 by american economic association

on the causal dynamics between emissions nuclear energy renewable energy and economic growth this paper examines the causal relationship between co2 emissions nuclear energy consumption renewable energy consumption and economic growth for a group of 19 developed and developing countries for the period 1984 2007 using a panel error correction model the long run estimates indicate that there is a statistically significant negative association between nuclear energy consumption and emissions but a statistically significant positive relationship between emissions and renewable energy consumption the results from the panel granger causality tests suggest that in the short run nuclear energy consumption plays an important role in reducing co2 emissions whereas renewable energy consumption does not contribute to reductions in emissions this may be due to the lack of adequate storage technology to overcome intermittent supply problems as a result electricity producers have to rely on emission generating energy sources to meet peak load demand

energy consumption carbon dioxide emissions and economic development evaluating alternative and plausible environmental hypothesis for sustainable growth abstract pursuit of excellence in economic development in the midst of damaging the natural environment is a shameless growth the economic impacts on environmental degradation are quite visible in industrialized economies where human health is compromised by rapid economic growth and energy induced emissions this study examines the interrelationship between energy consumption economic growth and carbon dioxide co2 emissions under the six alternative and plausible hypothesis including environmental kuznets curve ekc pollution haven hypothesis phh population based emissions ipat energy led emissions sectoral growth emissions and emissions emancipated human development index ehdi in the context of low and middle income countries high income countries and in aggregated panel over the period of 1975 2015 the results supported the ekc hypothesis ipat hypothesis energy induced emissions and sectoral growth emissions in different regions of the world while phh and ehdi hypothesis does not confirm across regions this study exclusively determines the key socio economic and environmental problems in a large pool of the world economies to understand the need of development policy agenda for sustainable growth

nuclear energy consumption and economic growth in nine developed countries this article attempts to test the causal relationship between nuclear energy consumption and real gdp for nine developed countries for the period 1971 2005 by including capital and labour as additional variables using a modified version of the granger causality test developed by toda and yamamoto 1995 we found a unidirectional causality running from nuclear energy consumption to economic growth in japan netherlands and switzerland the opposite uni directional causality running from economic growth to nuclear energy consumption in canada and sweden and a bi directional causality running between economic growth and nuclear energy consumption in france spain the united kingdom and the united states in spain the united kingdom and the usa increases in nuclear energy consumption caused increases in economic growth implying that conservation measures taken that reduce nuclear energy consumption may negatively affect economic growth in france japan netherlands and switzerland increases in nuclear energy consumption caused decreases in economic growth suggesting that energy conservation measure taken that reduce nuclear energy consumption may help to mitigate the adverse effects of nuclear energy consumption on economic growth in canada and sweden energy conservation measures affecting nuclear energy consumption may not harm economic growth

natural gas consumption and economic growth in pakistan abstract natural gas is a dominant fuel in pakistan it offers the cheapest and a cleaner alternative source of energy this paper examines the relationship of natural gas consumption and economic growth in pakistan we include capital labor and exports in the model with multivariate framework the ardl bounds testing approach to cointegration and innovative accounting approach are employed to investigate the dynamic causality relationships among the variables we find the existence of long run relationship among the variables natural gas consumption capital labor and exports are positively affecting economic growth in pakistan furthermore we support the natural gas consumption led growth hypothesis and suggest that natural gas conservation policies may retard economic growth

energy for economic growth industrialization environment and natural resources living with just enough abstract this study investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption i e nuclear energy consumption electricity power consumption and fossil fuels energy consumption and economic growth energy consumption and industrialization i e industrial gdp beverages and cigarettes energy consumption and environmental degradation i e carbon dioxide emissions population density and water resources and finally energy consumption and resource depletion i e mineral depletion energy depletion natural depletion and net forest depletion in pakistan over a period of 1975 2011 the granger causality gc test in the frequency domain using the pierce framework has been employed this gc test in the frequency domain relies on a modified version of the coefficient of coherence which they estimate in a nonparametric fashion and for which they derive the distributional properties the results infer that there exists uni directional causality running from nuclear energy to industrial gdp nuclear energy to water resources and nuclear energy to carbon dioxide emissions but not vice versa similarly electric power consumption granger cause agriculture gdp but not other way around further there is a bi directional causality running between electric power consumption to population density in pakistan fossil fuel granger cause industrial gdp and there is a bidirectional causality running between fossil fuel and population density moreover the findings show that the nature of causality among nuclear energy consumption agriculture nuclear energy consumption population density electric power consumption cigarettes production fossil fuel cigarettes and fossil fuels and agriculture value added are in favour of the neutrality hypothesis in pakistan the conclusion has been strengthen and have a very strong implications in the context of pakistan where we have economic and financial constraints and thus agreeing the bottom line living with the just enough

energy transitions and national development indicators a global review of nuclear energy production abstract energy use plays a vital role for human well being however human well being can also be affected by socio economic and environmental impacts associated with the use of different primary energy sources nuclear energy production is perceived as one means of satisfying national energy demand while contributing to a potentially sustainable energy transition the objective of this study is to further understand socio economic environmental and technological factors that characterize countries that choose nuclear energy production hence this exploratory study reviews the socio economic contexts of nuclear energy producing countries in comparison to countries without nuclear energy use the study is based on world development indicators published by world bank for 213 countries between 1960 and 2013 and follows two analytical steps first based on a comparison of countries average development indicator values over time we descriptively explore which socio economic environmental and technological factors characterize the spectrum of countries following different nuclear energy strategies no nuclear production phase out planning to produce produce nuclear energy second we statistically analyze nuclear energy producing countries exploring if there was significant change in socio economic environmental and technological characteristics after the start of nuclear energy production characteristics of our four country groups revealed nuclear countries incl phase out used more energy per capita and showed higher levels of carbon emissions as well as household consumption compared to countries planning to use nuclear energy and countries without nuclear energy use adoption of nuclear energy does not appear to reduce fossil fuel use or enable energy independence hence our study did not provide evidence that nuclear energy production can be seen as technological answer to global challenges like climate change or unequal energy distribution it is therefore unclear if and how nuclear energy contributes to global human well being as part of sustainable development

how economic growth renewable electricity and natural resources contribute to co2 emissions abstract this study explores the relationship between economic growth and co2 emissions in the so called european union 5 eu 5 countries germany france italy spain and the united kingdom for the 1985 2016 period in doing so we employ a carbon emission function to investigate the environmental kuznets curve phenomenon which describes a relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation the empirical results confirm the existence of an n shaped relationship between economic growth and co2 emissions in the eu 5 countries we incorporate additional variables such as renewable electricity consumption trade openness natural resource abundance and energy innovation to augment the carbon emission function renewable electricity consumption natural resources and energy innovation improve environmental quality while trade openness and the interaction between economic growth and renewable electricity consumption exert a positive impact on co2 emissions this study is novel in that it presents an interaction between economic growth and renewable electricity consumption we also confirm the need for renewable energy regulations related to increasing renewable sources and promoting energy innovation to reduce the negative effects of energy and fossil energy resources on environmental degradation

an empirical investigation of us fiscal expenditures and macroeconomic outcomes in addition to containing stable information to explain inflation state local expenditures have also a larger share of the forecast error variance of us inflation than the federal funds rate non defense federal expenditures are useful in predicting real output variations and starting from the early 1980s present also a larger share of the forecast error variance of us real output than the federal funds rate

electrical energy usage over the business cycle causality from macroeconomic conditions to electrical usage overall and in the residential commercial industrial and other sectors is examined the paper shows that changes in macroeconomic conditions cause significant changes in electrical usage in the commercial and industrial sectors and overall in addition the paper shows that causality occurs at business cycle frequencies and that there are asymmetries over the business cycle an implication is that forecasts used to assess the probability of exceeding capacity constraints should incorporate forecasts of macroeconomic conditions asymmetries over the cycle and how the commercial and industrial sectors will respond to such changes

a note on the causal relationship between energy and gdp in taiwan abstract this paper re examines the causality between energy consumption and gdp by using updated taiwan data for the period 1954 1997 as a secondary contribution we investigate the causal relationship between gdp and the aggregate as well as several disaggregate categories of energy consumption including coal oil natural gas and electricity applying granger s technique we find bidirectional causality between total energy consumption and gdp we find further that different directions of cause exist between gdp and various kinds of energy consumption

do urbanization and industrialization affect energy intensity in developing countries abstract against a backdrop of concerns about climate change peak oil and energy security issues reducing energy intensity is often advocated as a way to at least partially mitigate these impacts this study uses recently developed heterogeneous panel regression techniques like mean group estimators and common correlated effects estimators to model the impact that income urbanization and industrialization has on energy intensity for a panel of 76 developing countries in the long run a 1 increase in income reduces energy intensity by 0 45 to 0 35 long run industrialization elasticities are in the range 0 07 to 0 12 the impact of urbanization on energy intensity is mixed in specifications where the estimated coefficient on urbanization is statistically significant it is slightly larger than unity the implications of these results for energy policy are discussed

output fluctuations and fiscal policy u s state and local governments 1978 1994 abstract we study the cyclical properties of u s state and local government fiscal policy the budget surpluses of both are procyclical over short and medium term horizons procyclical surpluses are the result of strongly procyclical revenue and weakly procyclical expenditure these results hold whether aggregate u s wide fluctuations are controlled for or not federal grants to state and local governments are procyclical but this is due to aggregate output fluctuations with respect to state level output fluctuations federal grants are countercyclical the budget surpluses of trust funds and utilities are also procyclical but there is no evidence that this effect is stronger in states where balanced budget rules are tighter the cyclical patterns of state and local budget surpluses are affected by various political institutions for example budget surpluses are less procyclical in conservative states in an election year that occurs in good times state governments refrain from accumulating a larger surplus in bad times no such asymmetry between election and non election years is apparent

nuclear energy consumption oil consumption and economic growth in g 6 countries bootstrap panel causality test abstract this study applies bootstrap panel granger causality to test whether energy consumption promotes economic growth using data from g 6 countries over the period of 1971 2010 both nuclear and oil consumption data are used in this study regarding the nuclear consumption economic growth nexus nuclear consumption causes economic growth in japan the uk and the us economic growth causes nuclear consumption in the us nuclear consumption and economic growth show no causal relation in canada france and germany regarding oil consumption economic growth nexus we find that there is one way causality from economic growth to oil consumption only in the us and that oil consumption does not granger cause economic growth in g 6 countries except germany and japan our results have important policy implications for the g 6 countries within the context of economic development

the effect of natural resources on a sustainable development policy the approach of non sustainable externalities abstract the debate about the importance of non renewable resources for economic development between optimists and pessimists shows that the extensive depletion of non renewable resources particularly oil along with a higher level of consumption could have a significant impact on the economic development of future generations based on this debate this paper proposes criteria under which the depletion of non renewable resources would create excess costs for future generations therefore this paper aims to answer the question what will be the impact of the depletion of non renewable resources on sustainable economic development accordingly a sustainable development policy appears feasible by minimizing non sustainable externalities which derive from future externalities that weigh the benefits from a previous employment of natural resources the research based on qualitative analysis clarifies the reasons for and the extents of taking sustainability into account as well as points to difficulties of implementing policies to time the transition towards a sustainable economic development finally the research shows the implications of this approach for environmental degradation the depletion of non renewable resources and energy production

literature survey on the relationships between energy environment and economic growth abstract the aim of this study is to exhibit an exhaustive survey which is related to the great flight of the literature of energy environment growth nexus at the individual and regional scale studies covering the period from 1978 to 2014 the survey takes into consideration the sample country region etc periods covering econometric strategies and conclusions our survey is based on the causality direction among i the energy use variables electricity nuclear renewable and non renewable and output growth ii between economic growth and environment and between the three variables at the same time globally these surveys provide paradoxical and not conclusive results which energy consumption can boost economic growth through the productivity enhancement and it can boost also the environmental damages through the enhancement of pollutant emissions our survey sheds more the lights on the energy environment growth literature by giving an extensive listing 1978 2014 of these causal linkages among the energy use variables environment and economic growth for both individual and collective cases there is a unanimous consensus about the importance of dealing with such dynamic relationship which is seems to be a cornerstone element in setting any ambition strategies energy ecological and economics

antidumping and countervailing duty decisions in the e c and in the u s an experiment in comparative political economy abstract in recent years there has been a growing concern about the recourse to antidumping measures by the gatt member countries such measures can become a substitute for selective protection in the present article the dumping and injury determinations of the e c are subjected to econometric analysis using the finger hall nelson fhn model which makes a distinction between the political determinants and the technical determinants the results show that the technical variables dominate the dumping decisions while the political variables are more important in the injury determinations of the e c a comparison with the results obtained by the fhn study confirm the broad similarity between the e c and the u s patterns although the e c injury decisions are somewhat more susceptible to the influence of political variables the results of the study suggest that those who are interested in restraining the misuse of the antidumping provisions should concentrate their attention on the injury determination mechanism

the political economy of anti dumping undertakings in the european communities abstract logit regression analysis is used to test the validity of hypothesized determinants of the european communities choice between the acceptance of undertakings and the imposition of definitive duties in terminating antidumping cases the results of the study confirm that certain variables based on the theory of the political economy of trade policy supplemented by those suggested by knowledgeable practitioners go a long way in explaining such choice the findings and the approach used have important practical implications particularly for the defendants and the lawyers involved in antidumping cases

the relationship between energy consumption energy prices and economic growth time series evidence from asian developing countries this paper estimates the causal relationships between energy consumption and income for india indonesia the philippines and thailand using cointegration and error correction modelling techniques the results indicate that in the short run unidirectional granger causality runs from energy to income for india and indonesia while bidirectional granger causality runs from energy to income for thailand and the philippines in the case of thailand and the philippines energy income and prices are mutually causal the study results do not support the view that energy and income are neutral with respect to each other with the exception of indonesia and india where neutrality is observed in the short run c 2000 elsevier science b v all rights reserved jel classifications c22 q43 q48

short and long run effects between oil consumption and economic growth in china this paper examines both the equilibrium relationship and the predictability between oil consumption and economic growth in china time series variables are employed in empirical tests cointegration tests suggest that these two variables tend to move together in the long run in addition granger causality tests indicate that oil consumption could be a useful factor that forecasts changes in the economy in the short run as well as in the long run the oil consumption is found to have great effects on the economy this is because the enormous use of oil in sectors like the industry may have directly pushed the economy however this finding would probably stimulate faster growth in oil consumption and so should be concerned with care conversely economic growth could be used as a predictive factor forecasting oil consumption only in the long run economic growth appears to have small effects on oil use this could be attributed largely to china s energy consumption structure coal constitutes most of the energy consumption and thus the considerable demand for energy resulting from rapid economic growth could be mostly explained by the mass use of coal

from malthus to sustainable energy theoretical orientations to reforming the energy sector abstract the main purpose of this article is to consider macro level theories for understanding the urge for reform as well as the process of societal change both in general terms and more specifically within the energy sector the aim is also to consider the energy sector in a wider context and analyse its recent development as a potential part of this reform the scope and logical framework of this article is the following the state of the global environment is approaching a point where the whole of humankind is in danger the article reviews and discusses humankind s limits of existence and dialectics of the human nature relationship by contrasting malthusian and boserupian theoretical views this creates both practical and scientific needs the long societal process of change is discussed according to the three layer 3l model of societal chance the production of energy has traditionally been one of the core issues concerning the effect humankind has on the environment and with regards to potential change related to it reforming the energy sector is in a key position this article reviews and discusses the way the already established renewal of the energy sector corresponds to the 3l model and the diverse potentials of the anticipated further progress

anti dumping protection in a liberalising country mexico s anti dumping policy and practice the use of anti dumping policy has been steadily growing in recent decades and so has the theoretical and empirical literature on anti dumping however while developing countries as a whole have become at least as active as the traditional anti dumping regimes the usa the eu canada and australia the literature is almost exclusively concerned with the latter group this article gives an overview of anti dumping policy and practice in mexico one of the leading new anti dumping regimes it assesses how anti dumping has expanded since the country began liberalising trade in the mid 1980s and discusses how the policy has been applied in a protectionist way that is not dissimilar to policy practice in the traditional user countries