polluting non renewable resources and growth in an endogenous growth model with human capital accumulation we introduce non renewable resources which cause flow pollution problems in this set up the negative external effect of pollution on productivity does not cause any distortions in the economy the market economy will achieve the optimal extraction and growth rates consequently emission taxes are unnecessary and when introduced will have no effect on the economy the more important is the negative pollution externality the larger will be the optimal long run growth rate which may be either positive or negative in the case of a positive human capital externality consumption in the market economy may approach zero in the long run although positive consumption growth is socially optimal growth enhancing policies do not necessarily cause a larger drain in the resource stock

does improved environmental policy enhance economic growth the environmental impacts on an economy is studied over time using endogenous growth theory externalities from the environment on production are central in the analysis and we examine whether an optimal path realizes more rapid economic growth the paper focuses mainly on developing countries where production is largely influenced by the environmental quality the result of the analysis indicates that the economic growth rate may not depend on the internalization of the environmental externality but rather on the internalization of the human capital externality the level of economic activity however generally seems to depend on the internalization of both externalities

sustainable endogenous growth model of multiple regions reconciling or and economic perspectives abstract by combining the two sector endogenous growth model and the dynamic game of remediation utilization activities we propose a theoretical framework to investigate conflict in the sustainable growth path of multiple regions we analyze the effects of two types of activities that differ in externalities on other regions stock of natural resources in the case of inclusive remediation with a positive externality the region that moves firstly will pass all the remediation responsibility to the other region and enjoy faster growth however in the case of exclusive utilization with a negative externality both regions will experience the same growth rate because each region could adopt exclusive utilization and reduce the stock of common resources available to the other region in the next period which result in a symmetric equilibrium we also find that regions have a stronger incentive to implement exclusive utilization than inclusive remediation although exclusive utilization seems fair to regions it may deteriorate the social welfare because regions may fall into a prisoner s dilemma by using exclusive utilization three extensions of the model i e increasing number of regions asymmetric regions and knowledge as a public capital good are provided

undermining the principle of concentration european union regional policy and the socio economic disadvantage of european regions crescenzi r undermining the principle of concentration european union regional policy and the socio economic disadvantage of european regions regional studies this paper sets out to analyse the regional policy of the european union by assessing whether the actual distribution of funds to the regions undermines the principle of territorial concentration the empirical analysis shows that due to either political equilibriums or inaccurate assumptions about the most cost effective allocation of the funds the sources of structural disadvantage are more spatially concentrated than the funds devoted to compensating this disadvantage and reveals a weak association between socio economic disadvantage and european union funding corrections in allocation mechanisms are recommended in order to increase fund concentration and earmark resources more adequately to disadvantaged regions crescenzi r saper le principe de la concentration la politique regionale de l union europeenne et le desavantage socio econom

evaluating the impact of the structural funds on objective 1 regions an exploratory discussion martin r and tyler p 2006 evaluating the impact of the structural funds on objective 1 regions an exploratory discussion regional studies 40 201 210 evaluation evidence on the impact of the structural funds on employment in objective 1 regions remains elusive this paper seeks to make a contribution to this task by evaluating the impact of european union regional policy on cumulative job creation in the least prosperous objective 1 regions at the nuts 2 level it adopts an evaluation methodology pioneered originally by moore and rhodes in 1973 in the uk while tentative it estimates that the cumulative effect of european union cohesion policy is around 1 million jobs as at 2002 which is a significant contribution despite the considerable methodological and measurement problems this paper aims to encourage further research to be undertaken in this important area objective 1 regions impact employment counterfactual determination martin r et tyler p 2006 evaluer l impact des fonds structu

exhaustible resources and secondary materials a macroeconomic analysis abstract in this paper we have developed an endogenous growth model to deal with exhaustible resources and secondary materials together under the assumptions that these two inputs are or are not technologically perfect substitutes of each other in order to compare the results obtained under both hypotheses we highlight the implication of these two assumptions on the rate of growth of total output and upon the flow of exhaustible resources extracted there are also some other interesting findings related to the spill over on welfare of the waste recycling process and the dynamics of shadow prices of both inputs considered finally some implications on hotelling s rule also emerge in our analytical framework

abatement r d and growth with a pollution ceiling abstract the consequences of the 2 c climate target and the implicitly imposed ceiling on co2 have been analyzed in several studies we use an endogenous growth model with a ceiling and an abatement option to study the effect of the ceiling on the allocation of limited funds for r d abatement and capital accumulation it is found that the advantagenousness of abatement rises with the cost advantage of fossil fuel versus backstop if the cost advantage is sufficiently large at some point in time it outweighs the costs of abatement and the gains of r d and capital accumulation the reallocation of production towards abatement may cause an increase or decrease in long run consumption in the latter case abatement allows an intertemporal consumption trade off which may even justify the disregard of everlasting growth in case of stock dependent fossil fuel costs an abatement induced speed up of technology development may cause an increase in fossil fuel stock left in situ

inequality and convergence in europe s regions reconsidering european regional policies europe s regions income disparities and regional policies in this paper we take a critical look at current european regional policies first we document the motivation for such policies that is the large income disparities across the regions of the eu15 large disparities are certainly present second we illustrate the various instruments adopted and discuss their underpinnings in established economic theories next we look at available data searching for three kinds of evidence 1 if disparities are either growing or decreasing we conclude they are neither 2 which are the major factors explaining such disparities and in particular if they are the factors predicted by the economic models adopted by the commission to justify current policies we conclude this is most certainly not the case 3 if there are clear signs that eu policies as opposed to other social and economic factors are actually reducing such disparities we cannot find any clear sign of such desired impact our conclusion is that regional and structural policies serve mostly a redistributional purpose motivated by the nature of the political equilibria upon which the european union is built they have little relationship with fostering economic growth this casts a serious doubt on their social value and furthermore strongly questions extending such policies to future members of the european union a successful eu enlargement in our view calls for an immediate and drastic revision of regional economic policies michele boldrin and fabio canova

are there limits to growth a simple theoretical model of pollution is developed that generates an inverted u shape relationship between per capita income and environmental quality this model is then used to study long run growth the same inverted u shape is shown to appear in time series and the prospects for sustained growth are shown to hinge on whether increasingly strict environmental regulation is compatible with a constant rate of return on capital implementation is also studied tax and voucher schemes are shown to have an advantage over direct regulation because they provide the correct incentives for capital accumulation copyright 1998 by economics department of the university of pennsylvania and the osaka university institute of social and economic research association

the added value of european union cohesion policy mairate a 2006 the added value of european union cohesion policy regional studies 40 167 177 as part of the wider debate on financing the european union the notion of community added value is being used to justify expenditure on cohesion policy broadly this is defined as the increased value resulting from community action and the extent to which intervention adds value to the interventions of other administrations organizations and institutions the paper provides an assessment of the added value brought about by european union regional policy on the basis of the past experience across member states and regions it discusses different aspects of added value with respect to impacts economic integration policy making and programming institutional developments implementation learning and political awareness it concludes by commenting on the proposed reform of the structural funds added value impact integration programming reform mairate a 2006 the added value of european uni

resource drag in an endogenous growth context a panel data based estimation with cross sectional dependences and structural breaks the article develops a resource drag model based on the endogenous growth theory and provides fresh empirical evidence to estimate the drags for china by using the recently developed panel model with both cross sectional dependences and structural breaks the results indicate that there exists a long run equilibrium relationship between gdp and its inputs and both the land and water resources have significantly positive impacts on gdp except from some provinces after allowing for cross sectional heterogeneities and structure breaks in addition the study employs the common correlated effects estimators to investigate the resource drags at both the pooled and individual levels the result shows that the aggregate drag reduces annual growth rate by about 0 016 percentage points in china as a whole while there exist significant differences in both these disaggregate and aggregate drags for the province groups suggesting there is a fair amount of geographic clustering for them

endogenous growth with a limited fossil fuel extraction capacity campbell 1980 and following authors have discussed a limited resource extraction capacity as an augmentation of the well known hotelling model we integrate a limited extraction capacity and related investments in the endogenous growth model of tsur and zemel 2005 to study its effect on economic development the capacity constraint gives rise to three effects on the one hand higher energy costs and the reallocation of production towards capacity investments decrease production available for consumption research and or capital investments energy costs and reallocation effect on the other hand research investments may increase which boosts available production research effect depending on the capital endowment and the strength of the effects long run consumption may be boosted or depressed in particular the capacity constraint may render everlasting consumption growth non optimal in a resource rich economy furthermore we find that capacity investments may be postponed to later points in time if the capital endowment is high

distributive politics and regional development assessing the territorial distribution of turkey s public investment turkey is often perceived as a country with low bureaucratic capacity and prone to political manipulation and pork barrel this article tests whether this is the case by analysing the extent to which politics rather than equity and efficiency criteria have determined the geographical allocation of public investment across the 81 provinces of turkey between 2005 and 2012 the results show that although the turkish government has indeed channelled public expenditures to reward its core constituencies socioeconomic factors remained the most relevant predictors of investment moreover in contrast to official regional development policy principles we uncover the concentration of public investment in areas with comparatively higher levels of development we interpret this as the state bureaucracy s intentional strategy of focussing on efficiency by concentrating resources on the better off among the most in need

structural funds and the evaluation of community economic development initiatives in the uk a critical perspective armstrong h and wells p 2006 structural funds and the evaluation of community economic development initiatives in the uk a critical perspective regional studies 40 259 272 since their inception within uk structural funds programmes in the 1990s community economic development ced initiatives have experienced a rapid expansion evaluation methods have struggled to adapt to what was a radically new type of policy this paper charts the rise of ced in the uk s objective 1 and 2 programmes and it examines the main problems posed by ced for structural funds monitoring and evaluation whilst progress in adapting the monitoring and evaluation methods to ced has been good a number of key challenges remain to be faced by the eventual ex post evaluations of the 2000 06 programmes and for the 2007 13 programming period the key challenges are identified and possible ways forward are discussed community economic development structural funds evaluation uk programmes armstrong h et wells p 2006 les

economic and environmental effects under resource scarcity and substitution between renewable and non renewable resources we build a general equilibrium model with renewable non polluting and non renewable polluting resources to analyze the interaction and compatibility between economic growth and a cleaner environment the study is in two phases i resource extraction production costs are constant ii resource producers invest in knowledge to reduce extraction production costs endogenizing technical change with constant costs there is a permanent trade off between economic growth and a cleaner environment with endogenous technical change it is possible to harmonize more output and less emissions by replacing non renewable resources for renewable ones we also conduct a sensitivity analysis to explore three specific policy actions with constant costs the best policy action is the imposition of a higher renewable resources standard while with endogenous technical change under certain conditions all policy interventions may benefit both the economy and the environment

environment directed technical change and economic policy we study the effects of an economic policy in an endogenous growth general equilibrium framework where production of consumption goods requires two resource inputs a polluting non renewable resource and a non polluting labour resource the use of the former contributes to the accumulation of pollution in the atmosphere which affects welfare there is a specific research sector associated with each of those resources we provide a full welfare analysis and we describe the equilibrium paths in a decentralized economy we go on to study the effects of three associated economic policy tools a tax on the polluting resource and two research subsidies we show that the optimal environmental policy has two main effects it delays the extraction of the resource and with it the level of polluting emissions and it reallocates research efforts decreasing the amount put into grey research to the benefit of green research we also show that the environmental policy is grey biased in the short term and green biased in the long term finally we compute the optimal values for these tools

evaluating the impact of european union cohesion policy in less developed countries and regions bradley j 2006 evaluating the impact of european union cohesion policy in less developed countries and regions regional studies 40 189 199 the expansion of structural funds since the late 1980s presented european commission and domestic policy makers with design and impact evaluation challenges such policies moved beyond demand side stimulation and were aimed at the promotion of real convergence mainly through productivity enhancing supply side mechanisms research suggests that the macro models are potentially capable of extracting the pure structural funds policy impacts from the background of all the other domestic and external shocks that affect the economy at the same time however such results only provide imprecise ballpark impact estimates and the challenge remains of reconciling bottom up microanalysis with top down macroanalysis macro evaluation macro economic models hermin models ex ante impacts bradley j 2006 evaluer l impact de la politique de cohesion de l ue dans les pays

between development and social policies the impact of european structural funds in objective 1 regions rodriguez pose a and fratesi u 2004 between development and social policies the impact of european structural funds in objective 1 regions reg studies 38 97 113 european regional support has grown in parallel with european integration the funds targeted at achieving greater economic and social cohesion and reducing disparities within the european union eu have more than doubled in relative terms since the end of the 1980s making development policies the second most important policy area in the eu the majority of the development funds have been earmarked for objective 1 regions i e regions where gdp per capita is below the 75 threshold of the eu average however the european development policies have come under increasing criticism based on two facts the lack of upward mobility of assisted regions and the absence of regional convergence this paper assesses using cross sectional and panel data analyses the failure so far of european development policies to fulfil their objective of de

learning by doing and the costs of a backstop for energy transition and sustainability we assess the impact of being able to substitute an unlimited but costly energy substitute like wind solar for a non renewable resource like oil coal in a model of sustainable growth the prospects for sustainability on the optimal path depend crucially on the costs of this substitute furthermore the poorer a country measured in terms of capital stock at a given point in time the later it should switch to the renewable substitute and the more likely it will be unsustainable taking learning by doing in account we find that this leads to an earlier switching time but does not guarantee sustainability

testing for convergence clubs in income per capita a predictive density approach the article proposes a technique based on the predictive density of the data conditional on the parameters of the model to jointly tests for groups of unknown size in a panel and to estimate the parameters of each group the procedure is applied to the problem of identifying convergence clubs in scaled income per capita data the steady state distribution of european regional data clusters around four poles of attraction with different economic features the distribution of income per capita of oecd countries has two poles of attraction and each group clearly identifiable economic characteristics we share the uncommonness of being different j p roche

population density pollution and growth we analyze a growth model where the damage of pollution depends on population density and the character of pollution from the steady state rates of change in the social optimum of a neoclassical and a semi endogenous growth model respectively we conclude that the less responsive the damage of pollution is to population density the more likely is a development path with positive growth in consumption per capita and declining perceived pollution per capita non awareness of the character of pollution may thus give suboptimal solutions in particular the commonly held view that pollution is a pure public bad may lead to growth rate targets that are lower than optimal finally we find that the character of pollution does not influence the transitional dynamics qualitatively

bribery in health care in uganda i examine the role of household permanent income in determining who bribes and how much they bribe in health care in uganda i find that rich patients are more likely than other patients to bribe in public health care doubling household expenditure increases the bribery probability by 1 2 percentage points compared to a bribery rate of 17 the income elasticity of the bribe amount is about 0 37 bribes in the ugandan public sector appear to be fees for service extorted from the richer patients amongst those exempted by government policy from paying the official fees bribes in the private sector appear to be flat rate fees paid by patients who do not pay official fees i do not find evidence that the public health care sector is able to price discriminate less effectively than public institutions with less competition from the private sector