the formal structure of a gender segregated low income economy abstract based upon insights drawn from research concerning the nature of the gender based division of labor in agrarian regions of developing countries a formal model is advanced of the interactions that take place in such a setting males are characterized as seeking to maximize their income from production of an exportable cash crop by drawing women out of household social maintenance activities by dint of coercion cooperation and compensation the paper also explores repercussions on the efficiency and output of the social maintenance or subsistence sector due to the loss of female laborpower to the male controlled export sector finally the impact of an international monetary fund mandated currency devaluation on an economy of this type is considered as well

formally modelling a gender segregated economy a response to william darity jr abstract william darity jr s model presented in the november 1995 issue of world development darity 1995 is an important attempt to provide an outline for gender based analysis at the household level the model falls short however because it focuses on income maximization without specific constraints on the man s time this paper demonstrates that as formulated there is no internal maximization solution possible and then offers additional economic information that would be meaningful and appropriate to make darky s model well specified

gender norms and intrahousehold allocation of labor in mozambique a cge application to household and agricultural economics we model intrahousehold dynamics in two rural provinces of mozambique through the lens of computable general equilibrium cge methods the main features of our modeling framework are as follows a a household social accounting matrix that captures allocation of labor and resources and transfers among household members b the explicit use of social norms in labor allocation across gender c a mechanism that links agricultural production to time poverty d identification of leisure as a commodity that is being produced simulation results and sensitivity analyses show how social norms interact with the allocation of labor and resources at the household level to impact farm production or limit the gains from technological improvements

agricultural technology risk and gender a cge analysis of mozambique abstract interactions between agricultural technology improvements risk reducing behavior and gender roles in agricultural production in mozambique are examined the analysis employs a computable general equilibrium cge model that explicitly incorporates key features of the economy these include detailed accounting of marketing margins home consumption risk and gender roles in agricultural production our results show that agricultural technology improvements benefit both male and female occupants of rural households due to economic interactions agricultural technology improvements are particularly compelling when combined with marketing system improvements moreover technological change in cassava appears to be a particularly strong lever for increasing female and overall household welfare especially when risk is considered

resource curse an analysis of causes experiences and possible ways forward abstract higher prices for oil gas and mineral resources have again raised questions about how exporting countries can counter the challenges of resource curse international experience managing the risks of resource curse has varied summarising the continuing discussion on meeting the challenges of the resource curse this paper addresses four questions what are the positive and negative effects of high oil gas and mineral prices on exporters what have been the experiences with managing natural resource revenues can good institutions ensure that natural resource revenues have a positive impact on development and what is the direction for the way forward we argue that the current emphasis on institutions as a potential solution has largely ignored under what conditions institutions are formed and changed

gender awareness in modeling structural adjustment abstract the macroeconomic models underpinning the design of structural adjustment programs are gender blind this paper discusses strategies for introducing gender analysis into these models and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the models from a gender perspective it concludes that besides being blind to gender the models are also blind to the waste of resources and impoverishment that stems from deficient aggregate demand undemocratic decision making and directly unproductive expenditures that buttress male power this waste is however likely to be diminished by moves to more egalitarian systems of gender relations entailing changes in the structure of entitlements and the social matrix in which macroeconomic processes are embedded

banking scope and financial innovation we explore the implications of financial system design for financial innovation we begin with assumptions about the investment opportunities of firms their observable attributes and the roles of commercial banks investment banks and the financial market we examine the borrower s choice between bank and financial market funding the commercial bank s choice of monitoring capacity and the investment bank s choice of whether to invest in financial innovation our main result is that financial innovation in a universal banking system is stochastically lower than innovation in a financial system in which commercial and investment banks are functionally separated article published by oxford university press on behalf of the society for financial studies in its journal the review of financial studies

cursed by resources or institutions natural resource abundant countries constitute both growth losers and growth winners and the main difference between the success cases and the cases of failure lays in the quality of institutions with grabber friendly institutions more natural resources push aggregate income down while with producer friendly institutions more natural resources increase income such a theory finds strong support in data a key question we also discuss is if resources in addition alter the quality of institutions when that is the case countries with bad institutions suffer a double resource curse as the deterioration of institutions strenghtens the negative effect of more natural resources

gender mainstreaming in finance ministries abstract ministries of finance appear largely to have escaped careful scrutiny in attempts to sensitize different divisions of government to gender concerns this paper shows three possible points of entry to engendering the work of ministries of finance at the level of ongoing macroeconomic management which includes the annual budget of the government and the fiscal deficit external and internal debt and the balance of payments at the level of structural reforms particularly deregulation liberalization and privatization which are intended to improve efficient resource use and eradicate poverty and in the specific context of credit liberalization and the provision of micro credit

environmental and gender feedbacks in macroeconomics abstract potential interactions between the macroeconomic and environmental and or gender eg systems are traced out drawing on insights from the other papers in this special issue and the eg literature more generally

institutions and the resource curse countries rich in natural resources constitute both growth losers and growth winners we claim that the main reason for these diverging experiences is differences in the quality of institutions more natural resources push aggregate income down when institutions are grabber friendly while more resources raise income when institutions are producer friendly we test this theory building on sachs and warner s influential works on the resource curse our main hypothesis that institutions are decisive for the resource curse is confirmed our results contrast the claims of sachs and warner that institutions do not play a role

formally modeling a gender segregated economy a reply to campbell and warner abstract campbell and warner contend that there are two major problems with my presentation of a formal structure for analysis of a gender segregated low income economy in an earlier issue of this journal their first argument that there is no explicit treatment of women negotiating their wage is unimportant their second argument is correct my construction of the male s decision making process is underspecified precluding an internal maximization solution two options for formalization are advanced that make an internal maximization solution feasible

aggravating the resource curse decentralisation mining and conflict in peru abstract in the early part of this decade at the beginning of the recent international commodity price boom peru adopted major components of the new localist policy paradigm for the management of natural resources a large fraction of revenues were transferred to the subnational governments in the mining areas additionally the government encouraged mining companies to assume a more active role locally the results have been disappointing statistical and fieldwork evidence shows that these policies have exacerbated local political conflicts the new localist policy paradigm is unlikely to be effective when as in contemporary peru national political institutions are not supportive

household bargaining power and agricultural supply response evidence from ethiopian coffee growers summary this paper investigates whether preference heterogeneity between spouses contributes to limited cash crop production in southern ethiopia using the value of livestock each spouse would take in the event of divorce as a measure of bargaining power this paper shows a significant negative correlation between the bargaining power proxies and coffee output livestock ownership during marriage does not have a significant impact on coffee production in contrast to the case in commercial production women s exit options have a weak positive effect on production of the staple crop enset

modeling the effects of trade on women at work and at home abstract foreign trade affects women s wages and jobs their household work and their leisure this paper develops a model which covers not only all the sectors of the market economy but also social reproduction and leisure activities for women and men separately the model which in other respects is a standard cge computable general equilibrium model is applied to a simplified set of data for bangladesh its use is illustrated by simulating the gendered effects of changes in trade policies and capital flows

work and empowerment women and agriculture in south india this article explores the implications of women s work in agriculture in telangana a region in the state of andhra pradesh india i suggest that higher capital costs for cultivators post liberalisation increased the pressure to contain wage costs in a region where women form the majority of the agricultural wage labour force under such conditions when women perform both own cultivation as well as agricultural wage work in the fields of others they face pressure to restrict bargaining for higher wages contributing to a widening gender wage gap to the extent that wages shape intra household bargaining power the empowering effect of workforce participation for such women would thus be blunted from available nss data i provide some preliminary evidence in support of this argument

cross scalar dynamics of the resource curse constraints on local participation in the bolivian gas sector abstractcontributing to debate on the contextual underpinnings and varieties of the resource curse this article points to how political and economic dynamics of resource endowments operate in interrelated but potentially contradictory ways across spatial scales resource endowments insert a complex set of incentives and interests into the political arena in ways that both enable and constrain actors at different scales using a case study of gas governance in bolivia the article illustrates the interrelation of these dynamics across local national and international scales and in particular how they circumscribe the space for local participation

political foundations of the resource curse in this paper we argue that the political incentives that resource endowments generate are the key to understanding whether or not they are a curse we show 1 politicians tend to over extract natural resources relative to the efficient extraction path because they discount the future too much and 2 resource booms improve the efficiency of the extraction path however 3 resource booms by raising the value of being in power and by providing politicians with more resources which they can use to influence the outcome of elections increase resource misallocation in the rest of the economy 4 the overall impact of resource booms on the economy depends critically on institutions since these determine the extent to which political incentives map into policy outcomes countries with institutions that promote accountability and state competence will tend to benefit from resource booms since these institutions ameliorate the perverse political incentives that such booms create countries without such institutions however may suffer from a resource curse

macroeconomic consequences of cyclical and secular changes in feminization an experiment at gendered macromodeling abstract this paper analyzes the macroeconomic implications of cyclical and secular movements in the feminization of the labor force and changes in the intensity of female household labor we assume that a rise in the feminization of the labor force stimulates investment while a rise in the intensity of female household labor raises savings we examine the interaction of these two effects in the context of a dynamic keynesian growth cycle model and assess the likelihood of a structurally adjusting economy experiencing a recovery through feminization our analysis shows that for a gender based recovery to succeed the impact of feminization of the labor force on investment must be stronger than the impact a rising intensity of female household labor has on savings our analysis shows that high and high middleincome countries are more likely to benefit from feminization processes

extra household factors and women farmers supply response in sub saharan africa abstract this note discusses extra household factors which may constrain the response of women farmers in sub saharan africa to an increase in prices of crops they sell the discussion focuses on property rights social norms transport facilities and the organization of markets

supply response in an agrarian economy with non symmetric gender relations abstract there is a growing recognition that gender relations matter for supply response to devaluation and other structural adjustment policies in sub saharan africa but most household models that introduce gender differentiation nevertheless preserve an essential symmetry between male and female household members and do not capture elements of subordination or coercion in male female relations this paper seeks to contribute by developing a model based on stackelberg type equations in which the husband occupies the position of firstmover reflecting his power to set the parameters for women s choices the model is contextualized with reference to tanzania

informed trading investment and welfare this article studies the welfare economics of informed stock market trading we analyze the effect of more informative prices on investment given that this dependence will itself be reflected in equilibrium prices while a higher incidence of informed speculation always increases firm value through a more informative trading process the effect on agents welfare depends on how revelation of information changes risk sharing opportunities in the market greater revelation of information that agents wish to insure against reduces their hedging opportunities on the other hand early revelation of information that is uncorrelated with hedging needs allows agents to construct better hedges