multinational public goods provision under multilateral income transfers and productivity differences abstractthis article examines multinational public goods provision under multilateral income transfers and productivity differences across countries under a planner who uses linear approximation for utility maximization we show that 1 a country is an income receiver if it has a higher productivity than the average in producing public goods enabling it to provide more public goods 2 the amount of transfers can be pinned down for all countries with an adjustment cost 3 each country obtains an identical utility increment and 4 the country with the lowest adjustment cost is the best candidate for the planner country all results are derived based on well known information regarding the cost of producing the public goods and income levels

information gatekeepers on the internet and the competitiveness of homogeneous product markets we examine the equilibrium interaction between a market for price information controlled by a gatekeeper and the homogenous product market it serves the gatekeeper charges fees to firms that advertise prices on its internet site and to consumers who access the list of advertised prices gatekeeper profits are maximized in an equilibrium where a the product market exhibits price dispersion b access fees are sufficiently low that all consumers subscribe c advertising fees exceed socially optimal levels thus inducing partial firm participation and d advertised prices are below unadvertised prices introducing the market for information has ambiguous social welfare effects

energy consumption carbon emissions and economic growth in saudi arabia an aggregate and disaggregate analysis the objective of this study is to examine the relationship among economic growth carbon emissions and energy consumption at the aggregate and disaggregate levels for the aggregate energy consumption model we use total energy consumption per capita and co2 emissions per capita based on the total energy consumption for the disaggregate analysis we used oil gas and electricity consumption models along with their respective co2 emissions the long term income elasticities of carbon emissions in three of the four models are positive and higher than their estimated short term income elasticities these results suggest that carbon emissions increase with the increase in per capita income which supports the belief that there is a monotonically increasing relationship between per capita carbon emissions and per capita income for the aggregate model and for the oil and electricity consumption models the long and short term income elasticities of carbon emissions are negative for the gas consumption model this result indicates that if the saudi arabian economy switched from oil to gas consumption then an increase in per capita income would reduce carbon emissions the results also suggest that electricity is less polluting than other sources of energy

disaggregate energy consumption employment and income in turkey the purpose of this paper is to contribute to literature on energy consumption and economic growth relationship by examining how much of the variance in national income growth can be explained by the growth of different sources of energy consumption and employment in turkey we use the recently developed generalized forecast error variance decomposition technique of koop et al j econom 74 1996 119 and pesaran and shin econ lett 58 1998 17 to determine the information content of the growth rate of energy consumption waste seems to have the largest initial impact followed by oil however over a 3 year horizon lignite appears to explain the largest forecast error variance of gdp the total energy consumption explains 21 of forecast error variance of gdp energy consumption appears to be almost as important as employment in turkey therefore policy makers may be interested in identifying the energy dependencies of economic growth in allocating the energy investment budget

the causality relationship between energy consumption and gdp in g 11 countries revisited abstract this paper explores whether energy conservation policies can be implemented in countries with the same level of development that is is restraining energy consumption without compromising economic growth feasible in all industrialized countries a new granger non causality testing procedure developed by toda and yamamoto 1995 journal of econometrics 66 225 250 is applied to re investigate the relationship if any between energy consumption and income in 11 major industrialized countries the results clearly do not support the view that energy consumption and income are neutral with respect to each other except in the case of the united kingdom germany and sweden where a neutral relationship is found bi directional causality in the united states and uni directional running from energy consumption to gdp in canada belgium the netherlands and switzerland are found this indicates that energy conservation may hinder economic growth in the latter five countries further the causality relationship appears to be uni directional but reversed for france italy and japan which implies that in these three countries energy conservation may be viable without being detrimental to economic growth

energy consumption real income and temporal causality results from a multi country study based on cointegration and error correction modelling techniques abstract unlike previous studies on the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth this paper illustrates how the finding of cointegration i e long term equilibrium relationship between these variables may be used in testing granger causality based on the most recent johansen s multivariate cointegration tests preceded by various unit root or non stationarity tests we test for cointegration between total energy consumption and real income of six asian economies india pakistan malaysia singapore indonesia and the philippines non rejection of cointegration between variables rules out granger non causality and imples at least one way of granger causality either unidirectional or bidirectionial secondly by using a dynamic vector error correction model we then analyse the direction of granger causation and hence the within sample granger exogeneity or endogeneity of each of the variables thirdly the relative strength of the causality is gauged through the dynamic variance decomposition technique by decomposing the total impact of an unanticipated shock to each of the variables beyond the sample period into proportions attributable to shocks in the other variables including its own in the bivariate system results based on these tools of methodology indicate that while all pair wise relationships shared common univariate integrational properties only relationships for three countries india pakistan and indonesia were cointegrated for these countries temporal causality results were mixed with unidirectional causality from energy to income for india exactly the reverse for indonesia and mutual causality for pakistan the vdcs were not inconsistent with these results and provided us with an additional insight as to the relatively more dominant direction of causation in pakistan simple bivariate vector autoregressive models for the three non cointegrated systems did not indicate any direction of causality significantly in either direction

electricity conservation policies and sectorial output in pakistan an empirical analysis abstract government of pakistan has taken several measures in recent years for conserving electricity to reduce its electricity shortfall in this context this study attempts to quantify the impact of different electricity conservation policies on value added of industrial and services sectors in pakistan results indicate that unanticipated shocks to electricity consumption and technical efficiency form a positive relationship while electricity price has a negative relationship with value added in industrial and services sectors in the long run direct electricity conservation policies and policies that aim at increasing electricity prices will have an adverse impact on value added of both the sectors policies that induce improvements in energy efficiency will have a positive impact on the sectorial output in the long run therefore the government should not pursue direct consumption curtailment polices to mitigate the electricity crisis rather steps should be taken to enhance energy efficiency in the economy this can be done by setting targets for reducing energy intensity in both the sectors moreover energy efficiency should be incorporated in the mainstream of energy policy and specific laws should be enacted to establish institutions and develop methods to help in effective conservation and efficient consumption of limited energy resources

energy consumption and gdp causality relationship in g 7 countries and emerging markets abstract the causality relationship between energy consumption and income is a well studied topic in energy economics this paper studies the time series properties of energy consumption and gdp and reexamines the causality relationship between the two series in the top 10 emerging markets excluding china due to lack of data and g 7 countries we discover bi directional causality in argentina causality running from gdp to energy consumption in italy and korea and from energy consumption to gdp in turkey france germany and japan hence energy conservation may harm economic growth in the last four countries

the relationship between energy and production evidence from turkish manufacturing industry this paper investigates the relationship between energy and production at the industry level in an emerging market turkey in a multivariate framework the electricity consumption and value added relation is examined in the turkish manufacturing industry while also accounting for labor and fixed investment we find that labor fixed investment electricity consumption and value added are related via three cointegrating vectors the vec results indicate uni directional causality running from electricity consumption to value added generalized impulse response and variance decomposition analyses confirm these results thus energy input appears to be closely related to production hence energy saving technologies and increased energy efficiency may increase the growth in manufacturing value added

estimation of turkey s ghg emissions from electricity generation by fuel types as a result of fossil fuel combustion in electricity generation significant amounts of co2 is emitted and the amount of emission differs based on fuel type in turkey a considerable amount of greenhouse gas ghg emission is related to electricity generation and co2 has the highest share among those a number of technical economic and social factors such as economic growth energy consumption types of energy sources seasonality employment and increase in population affect the changes in the emission rates an energy system based on fossil fuels is mainly responsible for high ghg emissions and there are some measures to reduce the emission of ghgs development of renewable energy sources and improvements in energy efficiency are among the most important measures market based mechanisms are among other measures that directly target ghgs considering the fossil fuels in the energy mix using fossil fuels with high heating values and efficient energy conversion technologies means less ghgs organizing training and information programs for raising people s energy awareness encouraging conservation and increasing energy efficiency would have a significant role in reducing ghgs as well this study attempts to estimate the annual co2 emission from electricity generation according to fuel types for the period between 2013 and 2017 electricity generation data according to fuel types were obtained from turkish electricity transmission co teia s 5 year electricity generation capacity projection 2013 2017 according to the estimations turkey s co2 emission values are expected to increase in the forthcoming years additionally estimated revenues from the carbon tax imposed on the electricity generated by fossil fuels were calculated for each year of the projection period this revenue creates a significant economic resource results of this study are expected to guide policy makers in developing energy and environmental policies and contribute to energy diversity studies

on trust as a commodity and on the grammar of trust abstract i look at trust in the light of two constructions taken from economic science general competitive analysis and the theory of games i draw on baier s anti contractarian perspective as well as on one informed by wittgenstein s writings the former focuses on relations between inherently unequal and asymmetrical individuals while the latter draws on and revolves around the imperative in the philosophical investigations let the use teach you the meaning p 212 also p 220 i try to spell out how the choice of language has epistemological implications for an analysis of trust for the trustworthiness of the scientific constructions i use for analyzing trust and thereby more generally for defining ourselves and our form of life

the corona pandemic a game theoretic perspective on regional and global governance we argue that the incentive structure of all individual and coordinated measures across countries to contain the corona pandemic is that of a weakest link public good game we discuss a selection of theoretical and experimental key results of weakest link games and interpret them in the light of the corona pandemic first we highlight that experimental evidence does not support the assumption that coordination can be trivially solved even among symmetric players second we argue that for asymmetric countries the weakest link game does not only pose a problem of coordination but also a problem of cooperation third we show how and under which conditions self enforcing treaties can foster coordination and cooperation we account for the possibility that countries make mistakes when choosing their actions our discussion shows that north south cooperation is relevant and likely to be self enforcing and that regional cooperation e g within the eu will also be important

strategic transfers and private provision of public goods abstract this paper considers strategic monetary transfers between two agents when these contribute to a mutual public good if the agents differ in their contribution productivity then the less productive agent has an incentive to make large unconditional transfers to the more productive agent although agents move simultaneously in each stage of the game the less productive agent becomes a stackelberg leader furthermore the generic subgame perfect equilibrium is characterized by full specialization

energy consumption and economic growth in the next 11 countries the bootstrapped autoregressive metric causality approach abstract departing from previous literature using bootstrapped autoregressive metric causality approach which is more robust against non stationarity and break problems than lag augmented tests this study analyzes causal relation between economic growth and energy consumption in the next 11 countries estimating a trivariate model consisting of gdp per capita energy consumption per capita and gross capital formation it was found that the neutrality hypothesis is valid for all of the countries except for turkey these findings imply that energy conservation oriented policies should be implemented in bangladesh egypt indonesia iran korea mexico pakistan and philippines in the case of turkey a unidirectional causal nexus was found from energy consumption to economic growth since the growth hypothesis is valid energy conservation policy poses an obstacle for economic growth in turkey

transfers and the weakest link an extension of hirshleifer s analysis abstract with the weakest link social composition function analysed by hirshleifer it is shown that an incentive exists for some agents to transfer resources to others so as to achieve higher quantities of the public good the characteristics of such an equilibrium with transfers are examined together with the implications of differing income distributions for the quantity of the public good some observations are offered as to how well the model can capture co operative behaviour

the max min group contest weakest link group all pay auction we investigate a group all pay auction in which each group s effort is represented by the minimum among the effort levels exerted by the group members and the prize is a group specific public good we fully characterize the symmetric equilibria for two groups there are four types of equilibria the pure strategy equilibria in which all active players exert the same effort the semi pure strategy equilibria in which the players in a group play the same pure strategy whereas those in the other group play the same mixed strategy the nondegenerate mixed strategy equilibria with continuous support and the nondegenerate mixed strategy equilibria with discontinuous support we then analyze a general contest with n groups

trust and efficiency abstract agency problems within the firm are a significant hindrance to efficiency we propose trust between coworkers as a superior alternative to the standard tools used to mitigate agency problems increased monitoring and incentive based pay we model trust as mutual reciprocal altruism between pairs of coworkers and show how it induces employees to work harder relative to those at firms that use the standard tools in addition we show that employees at trusting firms have higher job satisfaction and that these firms enjoy lower labor cost and higher profits we conclude by discussing how trust may also be easier to use within the firm than the standard agency mitigation tools

energy growth conundrum in energy exporting and importing countries evidence from heterogeneous panel methods robust to cross sectional dependence abstract this article uses the panel methods for energy exporting and importing countries that discuss the heterogeneity and cross sectional dependence in investigating the linkages between energy consumption and economic growth the findings of the study suggest that the energy consumption is an important input not only in the energy importing but also in energy exporting countries furthermore the results of the present paper suggest that the policy options should be different for the different countries in the back drop of heterogeneous slope coefficients

the relationship between energy and gnp further results this paper reexamines the casuality between gnp and energy consumption by using updated us data for the period 1947 1979 as a secondary contribution we investigate the causal relationship between energy consumption and employment applying sims technique we find no causal relationship between gnp and energy consumption we find further that there is a slight unidirectional flow running from employment to energy consumption economic interpretations of the empirical results are also presented

pure public goods versus commons benefit cost duality sandler and arce 1 pure public goods versus commons benefit cost duality by todd sandler school of international relations university of southern california von kleinsmid center 330 los angeles ca 90089 0043 tsandler usc edu 213 740 9695 213 742 0281 fax and daniel g arce m department of economics rhodes college 2000 n parkway memphis tn 38112 1690 arce rhodes edu 901 843 3121 901 843 3736 fax final revision november 2002 sandler is the robert r and katheryn a dockson professor of international relations economics university of southern california and arce is the robert d mccallum distinguished professor of economics business rhodes college sandler s and arce s research was funded through the dockson and mccallum endowments respectively we have profited from the helpful comments of two anonymous referees

foreign aid and weakest link international public goods an experimental study in this paper we investigate efficiency differences between income and in kind transfers as distribution mechanisms of foreign aid to weakest link international public goods in a laboratory environment we find that if there is relatively small difference in country size then income transfers seem to provide a higher provision of the international public good and thus higher overall welfare level than that of in kind transfers however if there is a large disparity in country size then in kind transfers appear to provide a higher level of ipg provision and higher accompanying global welfare

the collapse of a european bank in the financial crisis an analysis from stakeholder and ethical perspectives fortis the leading benelux financial group had been a success story of successive mergers of bank and insurance companies with leadership in corporate social responsibility csr one year after the acquisition of the major dutch financial conglomerate abn amro the global financial crisis caused the collapse of the fortis group the purpose of this article is to use the case study of fortis s recent fall as a basis for reflective considerations on the financial crisis from stakeholder and ethical perspectives a selected number of key events of the history of the dramatic crisis at fortis will be analysed from different ethical frameworks special consideration will be given to fairness of communication shareholder activism and conflicts of interests of ceo s mergers opportunities a confrontation between the csr policy and the reality raises the fundamental questions why the powerful csr guidelines and ethical principles did not help in the assessment of the risks

weakest link public goods giving in kind or transferring money abstract this paper extends the analysis of weakest link public goods whose level equals the smallest of the agents provision levels by permitting an agent either to increase one s own provision or else augment both one s own provision and that of the other agent s nash equilibria may be either symmetric with agents matching one another s provision or else asymmetric with an in kind transfer by one agent to another an equilibrium with cash transfers but no in kind transfers may be pareto superior to one with only in kind transfers if agents differ in their efficiency then in kind transfers by the low cost agent may dominate a cash transfer the possibility of pareto improving transfers is enhanced as the number of agents increases

financial intermediation and delegated monitoring this paper develops a theory of financial intermediation based on minimizing the cost of monitoring information which is useful for resolving incentive problems between borrowers and lenders it presents a characterization of the costs of providing incentives for delegated monitoring by a financial intermediary diversification within an intermediary serves to reduce these costs even in a risk neutral economy the paper presents some more general analysis of the effect of diversification on resolving incentive problems in the environment assumed in the model debt contracts with costly bankruptcy are shown to be optimal the analysis has implications for the portfolio structure and capital structure of intermediaries

considering the effect of biomass energy consumption on economic growth fresh evidence from brics region abstract this paper investigates the relationship between biomass energy consumption and economic growth by incorporating capital and trade openness in production function for the case of brics countries in doing so unit root and cointegration tests have been used in order to examine unit root properties and long run relationship between the series for the period of 1991q1 2015q4 the results confirm the presence of long run equilibrium relationship between the variables moreover biomass energy consumption stimulates economic growth capital increments economic growth and trade openness spurs economic growth the feedback effect exists between biomass energy consumption and economic growth trade openness granger causes economic growth capital and biomass energy consumption the policy to adopt biomass as the primary source of renewable energy helps brics countries to achieve sustainable development goal in both short run and long run however the key innovative point of this study is to establish the sign for granger causality test

the role of macroeconomic instability in public and private capital accumulation and growth the case of turkey 1963 1999 this study investigates the empirical relationship s between macroeconomic instability public and private capital accumulation and growth in turkey over the period 1963 1999 time series econometric techniques such as cointegration and impulse response analysis are used the results of this paper suggest that the chronic and increasing macroeconomic instability of the turkish economy has seriously affected her capital formation and growth furthermore the turkish experience indicates that chronic macroeconomic instability seems to be a serious impediment to public investment especially to its infrastructural component and shatters or even reverses the complementarity between public and private investment in the long run

energy use for economic growth a trivariate analysis from tunisian agriculture sector abstract following the importance of energy in the agrarian economies the investigation of the causal relationship between energy consumption in agriculture sector and economic growth has a fundamental role in implementing suitable policies this paper examines the causal relationship between energy consumption and agricultural value added controlling for trade openness in tunisia from 1980 to 2007 the relationship is investigated at aggregated as well as disaggregated components of energy consumption including oil and electricity using granger s technique it is shown that various results are obtained regarding the direction of causality between competing variables nevertheless the most common finding suggest that trade openness and both aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption granger causes agricultural value added therefore the energy led growth and trade led growth hypotheses are supported in the tunisian agriculture sector an important policy implication resulting from this study is that energy can be considered as a limiting factor to agriculture value added and therefore shocks to energy supply would have a negative impact onto agriculture performance furthermore trade liberalization seems to be a stimulus factor to the tunisian agriculture development

energy consumption and economic growth assessing the evidence from greece abstract this paper attempts to shed light into the empirical relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for greece 1960 1996 employing the vector error correction model estimation the vector specification includes energy consumption real gdp and price developments the latter taken to represent a measure of economic efficiency the empirical evidence suggests that there is a long run relationship between the three variables supporting the endogeneity of energy consumption and real output these findings have important policy implications since the adoption of suitable structural policies aiming at improving economic efficiency can induce energy conservation without impeding economic growth

cointegration and causality between electricity consumption and gdp empirical evidence from malawi abstract the granger causality gc and error correction ecm techniques were applied on 1970 1999 data for malawi to examine cointegration and causality between electricity consumption kwh and respectively overall gdp agricultural gdp agdp and non agricultural gdp ngdp cointegration was established between kwh and respectively gdp and ngdp but not with agdp the gc results detect bi directional causality between kwh and gdp suggesting that kwh and gdp are jointly determined but one way causality running from ngdp to kwh the ecm results detect causality running one way from gdp also from ngdp to kwh suggesting that a permanent rise in gdp may cause a permanent growth in electricity consumption

trade expansion and contract enforcement consider a world of traders separated in geographic economic or social space honest trade offers larger gains for more distant traders but frequencies of meetings and information flows about cheating have local bias honesty is self enforcing only between pairs of sufficiently close neighbors global honesty prevails only in a sufficiently small world the extent of self enforcing honesty is likely to decrease when the world expands beyond this size costly external enforcement is useful only if the world is sufficiently large and its net payoff need not be larger than that of a self governing small community intermediate size worlds fare worst

how many times again will we examine the energy income nexus using a limited range of traditional econometric tools during the last three decades following closely the developments in econometric theory energy and environmental economists have empirically examined the energy income nexus for different countries and time periods however today in spite of the growing interest in this area the state of knowledge is still controversial and unsettled this viewpoint paper attempts to highlight some of the issues related to the existing literature on the long run relationship and causality between energy consumption and economic growth in particular it discusses how it is difficult to make policy recommendations on the basis of inconsistent and conflicting results in the published literature on the subject in order to do so the paper first illustrates the increasing trend in the number of studies published in this area providing also a brief comparison of the conventional methods used to estimate the energy income nexus it then deals with new directions and different viewpoints on the same issue

review on integrated strategies for energy policy planning and evaluation of ghg mitigation alternatives abstract this review paper is devoted to elaborating the status of different energy policy planning studies and the evaluation of various ghg mitigation studies it includes some of the major developments in global energy scenario status of green house gas ghg emissions issues in the implementation of kyoto protocol and ghg mitigation clean development mechanism cdm and energy scenario especially pertaining to the residential industrial and commercial energy sector in the initial sections the later part of this paper highlights the salient contributions in various literatures pertaining to energy demand forecasting in residential commercial and industrial sector ghg estimation methodologies and ghg mitigation studies in various sectors the success and difficulties in implementing various policy planning practices were also discussed in the paper most of the prominent literature in the area of energy demand and consumption analysis towards effective implementation of ghg mitigation is described in the end a comprehensive comments and recommendations based on the study were furnished

using deferred compensation to strengthen the ethics of financial regulation abstract defects in the corporate governance of government owned enterprises tempt opportunistic officials to breach duties of public stewardship corporate governance theory suggests that incentive based deferred compensation could intensify the force that common law duties actually exert on regulatory managers in principle a forfeitable fund of deferred compensation could be combined with provisions for measuring verifying and rewarding multiperiod performance to make top regulators accountable for maximizing the long run net social benefits their enterprise produces because government deposit insurance enterprises are purveyors of credit enhancements for which private substitute and reinsurance markets exist their performance could be measured accurately enough to make employment contracts for deposit insurance ceos a promising place to experiment with this kind of accountability reform

an international literature survey on energy economic growth nexus evidence from country specific studies in this paper an extensive review of the rapidly growing in the literature on the nexus between economic growth and four types of energy consumption total energy consumption electricity consumption nuclear consumption and renewable consumption the various hypotheses associated with the causal interaction between these variables along with a survey of the empirical literature are also discussed the survey focuses on country coverage periods modeling techniques and empirical conclusions a general observation from these studies that results are found to be sensitive to methodology and type of energy considered the empirical results for the specific countries surveyed show that i for energy consumption growth nexus 29 supported the growth hypothesis 27 the feedback hypothesis 23 the conservation hypothesis and 21 the neutrality hypothesis ii for the electricity consumption growth nexus 40 supported the growth hypothesis 33 the feedback hypothesis and 27 conservation hypothesis iii for the nuclear consumption growth nexus 60 supported the neutrality hypothesis and 40 the growth hypothesis and iv for the renewable consumption growth nexus 40 supported the neutrality hypothesis 40 the conservation hypothesis and 20 the growth hypothesis these mixed results may be attributed to the different used data selected variables and econometric approaches undertaken

literature survey on the relationships between energy environment and economic growth abstract the aim of this study is to exhibit an exhaustive survey which is related to the great flight of the literature of energy environment growth nexus at the individual and regional scale studies covering the period from 1978 to 2014 the survey takes into consideration the sample country region etc periods covering econometric strategies and conclusions our survey is based on the causality direction among i the energy use variables electricity nuclear renewable and non renewable and output growth ii between economic growth and environment and between the three variables at the same time globally these surveys provide paradoxical and not conclusive results which energy consumption can boost economic growth through the productivity enhancement and it can boost also the environmental damages through the enhancement of pollutant emissions our survey sheds more the lights on the energy environment growth literature by giving an extensive listing 1978 2014 of these causal linkages among the energy use variables environment and economic growth for both individual and collective cases there is a unanimous consensus about the importance of dealing with such dynamic relationship which is seems to be a cornerstone element in setting any ambition strategies energy ecological and economics

financial institutions and trustworthy behavior in business transactions this paper uses the bankruptcy proceedings for enron to discuss the role of financial institutions in business transactions using recent work by dixit a business transaction is portrayed as a prisoners dilemma problem between competing firms the financial institution s role in this world is to provide information and enforce contracts so that the parties to the business deal act cooperatively this role is recognized in the law under the heading of fiduciary responsibility in the enron case the bankruptcy examiner has argued that the tier 1 financial institutions for enron failed to carry out their fiduciary responsibility as a result the examiner has asked a fact finder to subordinate the claims of the tier 1 financial institutions to other debt holders for enron

industrial electricity demand for turkey a structural time series analysis abstract this research investigates the relationship between turkish industrial electricity consumption industrial value added and electricity prices in order to forecast future turkish industrial electricity demand to achieve this an industrial electricity demand function for turkey is estimated by applying the structural time series technique to annual data over the period 1960 to 2008 in addition to identifying the size and significance of the price and industrial value added output elasticities this technique also uncovers the electricity underlying energy demand trend uedt for the turkish industrial sector and is as far as is known the first attempt to do this the results suggest that output and real electricity prices and a uedt all have an important role to play in driving turkish industrial electricity demand consequently they should all be incorporated when modelling turkish industrial electricity demand and the estimated uedt should arguably be considered in future energy policy decisions concerning the turkish electricity industry the output and price elasticities are estimated to be 0 15 and 0 16 respectively with an increasing but at a decreasing rate uedt and based on the estimated equation and different forecast assumptions it is predicted that turkish industrial electricity demand will be somewhere between 97 and 148 twh by 2020

sectoral energy consumption by source and economic growth in turkey this paper provides a detailed analysis of the energy consumption in turkey during the last 40 years it investigates the causal relationships between income and energy consumption in two ways first the relationship is studied at the aggregate level then we focus on the industrial sector previous findings suggest that in the case of turkey there is a unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to growth however our findings suggest that in the long run income and energy consumption appear to be neutral with respect to each other both at the aggregate and at the industrial level we also find a strong evidence of instantaneous causality which means that contemporaneous values of energy consumption and income are correlated furthermore a descriptive analysis is conducted in order to reveal the differences in the use of energy resources we conclude that energy conservation policies are necessary for environmental concerns and our empirical results imply that such policies would not impede economic growth in the long term

task divisions in teams with complementary tasks abstract a team leader and a team follower non cooperatively produce a team specific public good out of two complementary tasks both team members are identically productive and can contribute to both tasks by moving first the team leader effectively determines the division of the tasks in the team we show that the existence of multiple but finitely many types of task divisions is associated with a non convex leader s budget constraint non convexity generates discontinuities and non monotonicities in the equilibrium provision of the good and also in the follower s utility if incomes are redistributed within the team non monotonicity of the follower s utility motivates the follower to give a cash transfer to the leader having received the cash transfer the leader adopts a task division that compensates the contributions of the follower hence we observe a non cooperative gift exchange with a monetary gift to the leader and a subsequent non monetary reward to the follower through a lighter task allocation these gift exchanges disappear in the presence of infinitely many types of task divisions generated by a continuum of complementary tasks

the european union balancing between co2 reduction commitments and growth policies decomposition analyses abstract this article is an empirical study of the whole energy system development in the european union the analysis covers the years 1960 1998 the decomposition analysis of energy and co 2 intensities of the different eu countries and norway reveal large differences between the individual countries the reasons for the differences in energy intensity changes are explained by the structural changes of the economies the changes in co 2 intensities are explained by the energy intensity changes and by the changes is fuel switching the study verifies the conclusion that there are still big challenges in the harmonisation of energy and climate policy in the eu

the relationship between energy consumption energy prices and economic growth time series evidence from asian developing countries this paper estimates the causal relationships between energy consumption and income for india indonesia the philippines and thailand using cointegration and error correction modelling techniques the results indicate that in the short run unidirectional granger causality runs from energy to income for india and indonesia while bidirectional granger causality runs from energy to income for thailand and the philippines in the case of thailand and the philippines energy income and prices are mutually causal the study results do not support the view that energy and income are neutral with respect to each other with the exception of indonesia and india where neutrality is observed in the short run c 2000 elsevier science b v all rights reserved jel classifications c22 q43 q48

energy conservation and sustainable economic growth the case of latin america and the caribbean this study examines the causal relationships among energy consumption economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in twenty countries from latin america and the caribbean region the methodology includes the use of phillips and perron pp tests a cointegration model with vector error correction modeling vecm and vector autoregression var with granger causality the study concludes that of the twenty countries analyzed only in four of them will it be possible to implement energy conservation polices without affecting their economic growth four others are not able to consider an energy conservation policy with economic growth and the other twelve should focus on their economic growth before adopting any conservation policies energy efficiency was found in this region especially in the countries which have both cointegration and short term equilibrium

family policy with non cooperative families we consider a non cooperative model of a family s time allocation between market work and providing a home produced family public good such as child care or care for the elderly the model predicts underprovision of the public good because of crowding out this does not necessarily warrant public provision in contrast to other approaches in family economics we find that attempts to redistribute between spouses may alter the final distribution within the marriage and that such a policy may be pareto improving we also find that some degree of progressivity of the income tax can be welfare improving

revisiting the environmental kuznets curve in a global economy the present study deals with an empirical investigation between co2 emissions energy intensity economic growth and globalization using annual data over the period of 1970 2010 for turkish economy we applied unit root test and cointegration approach in the presence of structural breaks the direction of causality between the variables is investigated by applying the vecm granger causality approach our results confirmed the existence of cointegration between the series the empirical evidence reported that energy intensity and economic growth globalization increase condense co2 emissions the results also validated the presence of environmental kuznets curve ekc the causality analysis shows bidirectional causality between economic growth and co2 emissions this implies that economic growth can be boosted at the cost of environment

weakest link public goods giving in kind or transferring money in a sequential game abstract this paper extends the leader follower analysis of a weakest link public good by permitting an agent to provide the good on one s own territory or on another s territory through an in kind transfer an equilibrium with cash transfers followed by in kind transfers from the income recipient may be pareto superior any cash transfers must be from the follower to the leader for welfare to improve

energy consumption and gdp in turkey is there a co integration relationship energy consumption and gdp are expected to grow by 5 9 and 7 annually until 2025 in turkey this paper tries to unfold the linkage between energy consumption and gdp by undertaking a co integration analysis for turkey with annual data over the period 1970 2003 the analysis shows that energy consumption and gdp are co integrated this means that there is a possibly bi directional causality relationship between the two we establish that there is a unidirectional causality running from gdp to energy consumption indicating that energy saving would not harm economic growth in turkey in addition we find that energy consumption keeps on growing as long as the economy grows in turkey

unconditional aid and green growth abstract environmentally motivated aid can help developing countries to achieve economic growth while mitigating the impact on emission levels we argue that the usual practice of giving aid conditionally is not effective and we therefore study aid that is given unconditionally our framework is a differential open loop stackelberg game between a fully developed leader country and a developing follower country the leader chooses the amount of mitigation aid given to the follower which the follower either consumes or invests in either costly non polluting capital or cheap high emission capital we show that giving aid conditionally is only rarely effective and if so is based on a forced intertemporal savings effect in all other cases it is ineffective at best and counterproductive at worst moreover we find that the leader gives unconditional mitigation aid only when sufficiently rich or when caring sufficiently about environmental quality if unconditional aid is given in steady state it decreases the steady state level of high emission capital and capital investments in the recipient country as well as the global pollution stock but it has no effect on the levels of non polluting capital and non polluting investments transitional aid accelerates the economic growth of the follower moreover we find that the increase in growth takes place in the non polluting sector

a literature survey on energy growth nexus abstract this paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of energy consumption economic growth and electricity consumption economic growth causality nexus the survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of energy electricity in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables although the positive role of energy on growth has become a stylized fact there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies a general observation from these studies is that the literature produced conflicting results and there is no consensus neither on the existence nor on the direction of causality between energy consumption electricity consumption and economic growth as a policy implication to avoid from conflicting and unreliable results the authors may use the autoregressive distributed lags bounds test two regime threshold co integration models panel data approach and multivariate models including new variables such as real gross fixed capital formation labor force carbon dioxide emissions population exchange rates interest rates etc thus the authors should focus more on the new approaches and perspectives rather than by employing usual methods based on a set of common variables for different countries and different intervals of time