convergence across canadian provinces 1961 to 1991 the purpose of this study is to provide a new look at the evolution of regional disparities in canada in the light of the recent convergence studies produced by european and american economists the degree of convergence of a variety of per capita income and output measures from 1961 to today is analysed the empirical analysis suggests that there is evidence of convergence in canada for different measurements of per capita income and output since the early 1960s during this period convergence has been helped by a favorable change in terms of trade and by government transfers and taxes our estimates of the convergence speed for canadian provinces are of the same magnitude as those found for regions within the same country and across countries in european and american studies

household labor supply and welfare participation in sweden using a sample of swedish households we estimate a household labor supply model assuming that preferences for consumption and leisure can be described by a direct translog utility function the labor supply and welfare participation decisions are treated as a discrete choice problem and we assume that these choices follow a simple conditional logit rule in addition we allow unobserved individual specific effects to be correlated across alternatives we assume that these unobserved effects are drawn from a discrete distribution and the correlation across alternatives is modeled using factor loading techniques classification error in hours is allowed for by using a multiplicative measurement error specification the estimates from the structural model yield inelastic labor supply among husbands and positive wage elasticity for wives further the cross elasticities are close to zero

convergence across the swedish counties 1911 1993 abstract this paper finds strong and robust evidence of convergence in per capita income across the twenty four swedish counties 1911 1993 in contrast to most previous studies on regional convergence this study adjusts incomes to account for regional differences in the cost of living the main conclusion is that using adjusted incomes as opposed to non adjusted incomes does not qualitatively change the results on convergence for the swedish counties however a quantitative difference is that estimated speeds of convergence are higher and the standard deviation of the log of per capita income is lower when adjusted incomes are used which is consistent with cross country evidence

collective female labour supply theory and application this article deals with female labour supply in the collective framework it studies married couples and starting from the empirical observation that the husband s labour supply is generally fixed at full time it shows that in this case structural elements of the decision process such as individual preferences or the rule that determines the intra household distribution of welfare can be identified if household demand for at least one commodity together with the wife s labour supply is observed these theoretical considerations are followed by an application using french data

labour supply in italy an empirical analysis of joint household decisions with taxes and quantity constraints this study applies an econometric framework which allows for complex non convex budget sets highly non linear labour supply curves and imperfect markets with institutional constraints a married couple s version of the model is estimated on italian microdata the empirical results show that male labour supply is rather inelastic while labour supply among females especially participation is considerably more elastic the elasticities depend strongly on household income the largest elasticities are found for females living in poor households the results of the tax simulations suggest that there are only modest labour supply responses from replacing the 1987 system by proportional taxes copyright 1999 john wiley sons ltd

a decade of tax and benefit reforms in sweden effects on labour supply welfare and inequality sweden has experienced a sequence of tax and benefit reforms during the last decade in this paper we evaluate these reforms from labour supply welfare and inequality points of view we depart from a household labour supply model simulation of the model reveals that tax and benefit reforms have led to a considerable reduction of the excess burden regarding social welfare and inequality we show that the results depend to a large extent on the income inequality measure and the measure of social welfare as well as the income concept household disposable income or money metric utility

sustainable development in a transition economy business case studies from poland abstract in general examples from developed countries are cited when making reference to good practice in sustainable development while there is limited access to case studies from transition economies our aim is to analyse case studies from poland which has recently undergone the transition to a market based economy in order to identify and critically assess both the drivers of and barriers to sustainable development in polish business by demonstrating that evidence of good practice is available within poland we also aim to motivate key stakeholders to follow these examples in an addition to importing practice from developed countries together the 11 case studies analysed in the article demonstrate that while constraints exist to sustainable development there are nonetheless positive examples of best practice from which to learn this review therefore complements other studies conducted on sustainable development in transition economies by indicating that lessons can be drawn on promoting sustainable development within this context and in other similar states undergoing economic political and social transition

family model of contributions to non profit organizations and labour supply in this article a model is presented in which the family decides the labour supply of both spouses and their time donations to non profit organizations for the estimation spanish data was used which showed that family size and pre school children influence decisions made about time distribution of husband and wife women with fewer family responsibilities work longer hours and donate more time whilst the effect on men is the contrary also monetary donations by the family are directly related to time donations by the spouses

an empirical model of collective household labour supply with non participation i present a structural empirical model of collective household labour supply that includes the non participation decision i specify a simultaneous model for hours participation and wages of husband and wife i discuss the problems of identification and statistical coherency that arise in the application of the collective household labour supply model the model includes random effects and it is estimated using a panel data set of dutch couples the estimates allow me to check the underlying regularity conditions on individual preferences and to obtain estimates of the sharing rule that governs the division of household income between husband and wife

quantity rationing and concavity in a flexible household labor supply model in the first part of this paper the authors derive explicit expressions for the direct utility functions conditional demand equations and concavity conditions in both price income and quantity space for the demand system introduced by hausman and ruud 1984 these results are then used in an empirical static family labor supply model in which kinked budget constraints and unemployment benefits are taken into account for both spouses imposition of concavity is necessary for consistent estimation and the concavity constraint appears to be binding copyright 1990 by mit press

structural models of family labor supply a discrete choice approach a static neoclassical structural model is presented explaining labor supply of both spouses in two adult households in the netherlands family preferences are described with a direct translog utility function with the husbands leisure the wifes leisure and family income as its arguments we assume that the choice set of each family is finite account is taken of the dutch tax and benefits system we allow for hours restrictions and random preferences and account for unobserved wages of nonworkers the models are estimated using smooth simulated maximum likelihood results based upon dutch cross section data from 1987 are illustrated by confidence intervals for elasticities and by several policy simulations excerpt

structural estimation of family labor supply with taxes estimating a continuous hours model using a direct utility specification this paper proposes a new method for estimating family labor supply in the presence of taxes this method accounts for continuous hours choices measurement error unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for work the nonlinear form of the tax code and fixed costs of work in one comprehensive specification estimated on data from the 2001 psid the resulting elasticities for married males are consistent with those found elsewhere in the literature but female wage elasticities are substantially smaller than those found in most of the literature simulations of recent tax acts predict small effects on the labor supply of married couples

growth empirics a panel data approach a comment this paper comments on recent developments in the literature on the econometric analysis of international growth and convergence it notes that panel estimates of the neoclassical model accommodating level effects for individual countries through heterogeneous intercepts deal with some of the econometric difficulties arising in some of the earlier cross sectional studies but it notes that in dynamic panels heterogeneity in growth effects and in speeds of convergence renders this estimator inconsistent also the pervasiveness of such heterogeneity is demonstrated in three samples of countries and the effects of incorrectly imposing homogeneity on estimated parameters are illustrated and discussed

household labour supply with rationing in spain this paper provides new empirical evidence on household labour supply with rationing to that end we use the latest spanish data in order to estimate three flexible functional forms namely the nles the quadratic and the hausman ruud forms and calculate the income and wage elasticities we find that the number of dependants has a negative effect on the labour supply of the female moreover the north and the east spanish regions have a clearly positive effect on the labour supply of the female whilst the north has the same effect on that of the male the elasticities of three functional forms are very similar male labour supply is slightly decreasing with the wage whilst for the female it is increasing leisure is a normal good for both spouses as expected whilst the labour hours are net substitutes

income convergence and divergence within and between ldc groups abstract we test in this study for per capita income convergence between 89 ldcs in africa asia and central and south america it is hypothesized that given the large pool of publicly available technological innovations the economies with the ability to adopt adapt these innovations will tend to have their per capita incomes converge over time our findings point to income convergence within a smaller subsample of 30 countries our findings also suggest that the factors that contributed to this ability include the relative size of government population growth and investment levels

how fast do economics converge the conventional approach to estimating how fast economics converge examines the cross economy relationship between the growth rate of per capita output over some time period and its initial level this approach produces consistent estimates only under highly restrictive assumptions which are violated by the data the paper develops an alternative approach that produces consistent estimates under weak assumptions this approach yields estimates substantially larger than those reported in the literature and also sufficiently large to be broadly consistent with the predictions of neoclassical growth theory

interaction between knowledge and technology a contribution to the theory of development this article attempts to explain the large and persistent disparities in levels of output per worker across countries it is argued that an explanation for these disparities requires an understanding of the relationship between knowledge and technology the model that is constructed can be summarized as an open economy version of the solow swan growth model in which technological change is investment specific and knowledge about new technologies is embodied in labour in the model income differences arise because poor countries lack the knowledge to implement foreign technologies productively furthermore these disparities persist when countries differ in their ability to learn jel

long run implications of investment specific technological change an attempt is made to disentangle its effects from the more traditional hicksneutral form of technological progress the balanced growth path for the model is characterized and calibrated to u s national income and product account nipa data the quantitative analysis suggests that investment specific technological change accounts for the major part of growth jel e13 030 041 047

managing water supply shortage interruption vs pricing abstract supply shortage is a common problem faced by a consumer solutions for allocating the limited supply include rationing queuing interruption and pricing while previous research has examined the welfare losses generated by each solution there is little evidence on their relative magnitudes within a common framework the objective of this paper is tospecify a model of consumer behaviour under service interruption to estimate the exact welfare loss of service interruption the same model is used to estimate the loss of a price increase intended to resolve a supply shortage using water consumption data collected for hong kong we find that relative to pricing service interruption is inefficient for water shortage management

sectoral labour supply choice restrictions and functional form this is the authors submitted article version which is the pre peer reviewed version of the article the article changed title in the peer reviewing process from analyzing labor supply behavior with latent job opportunity sets and institutional choice constraints later published as discussion paper no 399 http brage bibsys no ssb handle urn nbn no bibsys brage 21006