direct rebound effect of residential gas demand empirical evidence from france abstract energy policymakers are increasingly concerned about energy efficiency improvements as such improvements are considered to be a key strategy in reducing energy demand in the residential sector however energy efficiency investments may not yield the expected energy savings due to the rebound effect concept which leads to lower savings than expected when energy efficiency increases using the standard ols regression and autoregressive distributed lag cointegration ardl approach this paper provides estimates of the magnitude of the rebound effect for residential gas consumption in france using 1983 2015 annual time series data the methodology is based on estimates of the gas demand elasticity with respect to service price the empirical findings indicate that the variables used in the model are cointegrated and suggest the presence of an obvious rebound effect in residential gas use more specifically estimates of the direct rebound effect in residential gas demand are approximately 53 in the short run and approximately 60 in the long run our findings reject the hypothesis of a backfire effect regarding residential gas use in france and hence suggest incorporating carbon taxation energy efficiency and alternative energy in the formulation of an energy saving policy to facilitate the transition towards a low carbon economy in france

untangling the complexity of the direct and indirect determinants of the residential energy consumption in france quantitative analysis using a structural equation modeling approach abstract about a quarter of french energy demand is for residential use this study mobilises a multidisciplinary approach and a non linear modeling strategy to examine the total direct and indirect effects of households and housing units in designing french energy consumption based on micro level data from the new french 2012 phebus survey this research implements a structural equation model to tease out the effects of both dwelling characteristics household attributes climate and behaviours on the domestic energy use findings confirm that the direct effect of household related attributes on domestic energy demand is notably lower than the corresponding effect from the dwelling attributes nevertheless considering for the indirect effect of household factors on energy use across housing choices the total impact of household related attributes on the french domestic energy consumption is just slightly lower than that of dwelling characteristics therefore to highlight the spectrum of residential energy use this research calls to incorporate both direct and indirect effects of household attributes and choices this study suggests several key insights on how to incorporate housing policy into residential energy policy and reduce energy related greenhouse gas emissions

pre sale information in markets as diverse as that for specialized industrial equipment or that for retail financial services sellers or intermediaries may earn profits both from the sale of products and from the provision of pre sale consultation services we study how a seller optimally chooses the costly quality of pre sale information next to the price of information and the product price and obtain clear cut predictions on when information is over and when it is underprovided even though we find that information quality does not satisfy a standard single crossing property buyers who are a priori more optimistic about their valuation end up paying a higher margin for information but a lower margin for the product when they subsequently exercise their option to purchase at a pre specified price

residential energy use and conservation economics and demographics energy consumption in the residential sector offers an important opportunity for conserving resources however much of the current debate regarding energy efficiency in the housing market focuses on the physical and technical determinants of energy consumption neglecting the role of the economic behavior of resident households in this paper we analyze the extent to which the use of gas and electricity is determined by the technical specifications of the dwelling as compared to the demographic characteristics of the residents our analysis is based on a sample of more than 300 000 dutch homes and their occupants the results indicate that residential gas consumption is determined principally by structural dwelling characteristics such as the vintage building type and characteristics of the dwelling while electricity consumption varies more directly with household composition in particular income and family composition combining these results with projections on future economic and demographic trends we find that even absent price increases for residential energy the aging of the population and their increasing wealth will roughly offset improvements in the energy efficiency of the building stock resulting from policy interventions and natural revitalization

an analysis of energy consumption patterns by stage of family life cycle the author examines energy consumption by stage of family life cycle while controlling for income and number of family members in the labor force conservation and public policy implications are drawn

trading between agents for a better match this paper studies externalities that arise when agents can trade outcomes ex post i show that when agents can trade outcomes ex post principals are incentivized to contract with agents ex ante to reduce ex post transfers to outside agents with whom the principals do not directly contract this causes principals to offer agents piece rates that are inefficiently low and lower than the piece rates they would offer if trading was not allowed although trading reduces an agent s effort and could increase the agent s outside option of rejecting a principal s ex ante contract principals ultimately gain from allowing ex post trading because such trading results in outcomes that better match their tastes

exposure and risk to fuel poverty in france examining the extent of the fuel precariousness and its salient determinants abstract millions of households experience fuel poverty around the world commonly defined in broad terms in the early 1990s to cover households whose total energy bills exceeded 10 of their net income first this paper outlines the measurement of fuel poverty using the low income high costs indicator lihc and examines the main characteristics of fuel poor households in france based on multidimensional statistical analysis using a new micro level survey data it then explores the salient determinants of fuel poverty risk using logistic regression about 3 18 million households are estimated to be in fuel poverty representing 12 of all french households the hierarchical classification suggested four distinct profiles which shed light on the main features of fuel poor households additionally results show that the risk of being fuel poor and the depth of fuel poverty increase significantly with lower epc rating house and confirm the existence of a social gradient in fuel poverty recognition of this aspect can be helpful for developing economically efficient policies to address fuel poverty this study does not aim to be exhaustive in policy implications terms but rather to present a new way of thinking about fuel poverty solutions by targeting different household groups

foreign entry and bank competition abstract foreign entry and bank competition are modeled as the interaction between asymmetrically informed principals the entrant uses collateral as a screening device to contest the incumbent s informational advantage both better information ex ante and stronger legal protection ex post are shown to facilitate the entry of low cost outside competitors into credit markets the entrant s success in gaining borrowers of higher quality by offering cheaper loans increases with its efficiency cost advantage this paper accounts for evidence suggesting that foreign banks tend to lend more to large firms thereby neglecting small and medium enterprises the results also explain why this observed bias is stronger in emerging markets

scrutinizing the direct rebound effect for french households using quantile regression and data from an original survey abstract this article develops a quantile regression model to measure the magnitude of the direct rebound effect for residential electricity demand based on micro level data from an original survey of a representative sample of 2356 french households we explore the rebound effect for different groups of residents traditionally debate has focused on decreased prices for energy services due to efficiency improvements and their effects on energy demand the methodological innovation provided by this paper is that it implements two theoretical estimation strategies i energy efficiency elasticity of the demand for energy services and ii price elasticity of the demand for energy services our findings reject the hypothesis of a backfire effect in the context of residential electricity use specifically based on energy efficiency elasticity we provide evidence of a rebound effect of between 72 and 86 but with substantial heterogeneity among consumption quantiles our results show that the direct rebound effect has critical relevance for energy efficiency policy in the face of energy invisibility in france

rural residential energy transition and energy consumption intensity in china abstract this paper examines the impact of residential energy transition on residential energy consumption per capita recpc and identifies the underlying drivers in rural china based on province level panel data for years 1991 2014 in rural china it is shown that energy transition from traditional biomass energy tbe to traditional commercial energy tce significantly decreases recpc while energy transition from tbe or tce to advanced commercial energy ace significantly increases recpc as is revealed by the energy stacking model per capita income has a significantly negative impact on recpc and the impact of lagged recpc is opposite due to the regulation of energy price there exists price distortion in china s rural energy market and the price mechanism functions poorly besides factors including juvenile dependency ratio and education level significantly reduce recpc therefore it is vital to integrate rural energy into national energy strategic system facilitate energy transition process and introduce the market system reform of rural energy and continue to improve the education level of rural residents in rural china

understanding the spectrum of residential energy saving behaviours french evidence using disaggregated data analysing household energy saving behaviours is crucial to improve energy consumption predictions and energy policy making how should we quantitatively measure them what are their determinants this study explores the main factors influencing residential energy saving behaviours based on a bottom up multivariate statistical approach using data from the recent french phebus survey firstly we assess energy saving behaviours on a one dimension scale using irt secondly we use linear regression with an innovative variable selection method via adaptive lasso to tease out the effects of both macro and micro factors on the behavioural score the results highlight the impact of five main attributes incentivizing energy saving behaviours based on cross variable analyses energy price household income education level age of head of household and dwelling energy performance in addition our results suggest that the analysis of the inverted u shape impact of age enables the expansion of the energy consumption life cycle theory to energy saving behaviours abstract analysing household energy saving behaviours is crucial to improve energy consumption predictions and energy policy making how should we quantitatively measure them what are their determi nants this study explores the main factors influencing residential energy saving behaviours based on a bottom up multivariate statistical approach using data from the recent french phebus survey firstly we assess energy saving behaviours on a one dimension scale using irt secondly we use linear regression with an innovative variable selection method via adaptive lasso to tease out the effects of both macro and micro factors on the behavioural score the results highlight the impact of five main attributes incentivizing energy saving behaviours based on cross variable analyses energy price household income education level age of head of household and dwelling energy performance in addition our results suggest that the analysis of the inverted u shape impact of age enables the expansion of the energy consumption life cycle theory to energy saving behaviours

estimation of residential electricity demand function in seoul by correction for sample selection bias abstract this paper attempts to estimate the residential electricity demand function in seoul to this end we collected the data from a survey of households in seoul and employed the bivariate model to rectify the undesirable impacts of non response data the results show that the size of family the size of house dummy for having a plasma display panel television dummy for having an air conditioner and the household s income have positive relationships with the residential electricity demand on the other hand electricity price contributes negatively to the residential electricity demand in addition the price and income elasticities were estimated as 0 2463 and 0 0593 respectively implying that residential electricity demand in seoul is price and income inelastic such useful information is expected to help policy makers regulate the residential electricity supply and predict the effect of the price on the residential electricity demand in the future

principals competing for an agent in the presence of adverse selection and moral hazard abstract this paper analyzes competition between two principals for the exclusive services of an agent of unknown ability the principals differ in their marginal and average valuations for the agent s input they compete by offering menus of incentive contracts a prominent feature of the equilibrium when neither principal fully dominates is that they both offer identical pooling contracts to an interval of intermediate ability types all these types supply a constant input level receive the same monetary rewards and yield zero profits to the principals in addition the effort of low ability types is greater than the efficient level and welfare may be lower than if there was only one principal journal of economic literature classification numbers d82 c72

tests of long run neutrality using permanent monetary and real shocks abstract we present tests of long run monetary neutrality using an empirical framework that allows for the effects of real shocks on the long run behavior of both output and monetary aggregates our findings support long run monetary neutrality as a feature of the post world war ii u s economy we further find that permanent innovations in labor supply as measured by working age population are a principal factor in the long run movements in u s output and monetary aggregates

understanding the spectrum of domestic energy consumption empirical evidence from france abstract this article focuses on residential energy consumption in france using a bottom up statistical approach this analysis explores determinants of household energy consumption using data from the most recent national housing survey the primary objective is to tease out the impacts of various factors on the domestic energy consumption spectrum across different population groups the aim of this approach is to neutralize conventional factors affecting energy consumption age of house total area etc to finely analyze the impact of other determinants including those relating to household characteristics and other control variables first we define homogeneous consumption groups of households by using multivariate statistical techniques namely the multiple correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchical classification second we use standard ols regression to explore the effects of various factors on domestic energy consumption among homogeneous groups of households this multivariate analysis exercise has led us to identify four main consumption typologies results revealed that energy prices were the most important factors determining domestic energy consumption in addition this study showed that occupant characteristics significantly affect domestic energy use results of this research call for combine all efforts multiple strategies and smart policies to incorporate household and consumption behaviors in managing domestic energy consumption

the determinants of domestic energy consumption in france energy modes habitat households and life cycles this article explores the question of domestic energy consumption it concentrates on the example of france and using micro data from the 2002 and 2006 national housing surveys conducted by insee national institute of statistics and economic studies the empirical analysis is divided into three stages the first verifies the correspondences between modes of energy consumption household profiles and housing profiles in order to classify consumer mode types the second looks at the stabilities and variations over time of each of these types the last seeks to identify the causes of these changes the findings reveal sharp divergences between the factors affecting global consumption consumption per m2 and per person these variations can be explained by the impact of the demographic characteristics of households residential mobility and life cycles therefore these findings demonstrate the flexibility over time of domestic energy consumption which is still too often approached as a static variable solely associated with building characteristics they need to be taken further through a longitudinal and multidisciplinary approach to energy consumption patterns

efficient moral hazard abstract this paper presents an infinite horizon discounted dynamic programming model of the endogenous opportunity costs of an agent s effort that is allocated among an endogenous number of principals an agent allocates effort between evaluating new principals and attending to current principals since each principal s return is not maximized by the agent s optimal allocation moral hazard occurs in equilibrium however since the agent maximizes the total expected value of all undertaken projects the agent s allocation of effort is efficient if the agent chooses a single principal then moral hazard does not occur and the allocation is efficient these results are contrary to the inefficient moral hazard results in bilateral principal agent p a and common agency c a models

an analysis of monthly household energy consumption among single family residences in texas 2010 demographic socioeconomic and housing characteristics influence variation in household energy consumption by combining household level utility public and proprietary data we examine predictors of household energy consumption in a texas urban area using quantile regression this analysis assesses the relationship between energy consumption and predictors at the middle and both ends of the distribution 10th and 90th percentiles results indicate potential opportunities to lower consumption among the highest energy consuming households including those with pools with non central cooling with people working from home those built on pier post foundation and those that are renter occupied these findings suggest significant opportunities to reduce consumption and demand as in the study area almost 10 of housing units are renter occupied 18 percent are without central cooling and 7 have pools capturing a significant portion of these homes for retrofit conservation efforts through marketing has potential to produce substantial results producing a better understanding of determinants of household energy consumption using the methods presented has potential to assist development and implementation of strategies to reduce consumption and increase efficiency

lifestyle factors in u s residential electricity consumption abstract a multivariate statistical approach to lifestyle analysis of residential electricity consumption is described and illustrated factor analysis of selected variables from the 2005 u s residential energy consumption survey recs identified five lifestyle factors reflecting social and behavioral patterns associated with air conditioning laundry usage personal computer usage climate zone of residence and tv use these factors were also estimated for 2001 recs data multiple regression analysis using the lifestyle factors yields solutions accounting for approximately 40 of the variance in electricity consumption for both years by adding the household and market characteristics of income local electricity price and access to natural gas variance accounted for is increased to approximately 54 income contributed 1 unique variance to the models indicating that lifestyle factors reflecting social and behavioral patterns better account for consumption differences than income geographic segmentation of factor scores shows distinct clusters of consumption and lifestyle factors particularly in suburban locations the implications for tailored policy and planning interventions are discussed in relation to lifestyle issues

understanding the spectrum of residential energy consumption a quantile regression approach abstract residential energy consumption accounts for 22 of the total energy consumption in the us however the impacts of local planning policies such as increasing density and changing the housing type mix on residential energy consumption are not well understood using residential energy consumption survey data from the energy information administration quantile regression analysis was used to tease out the effects of various factors on entire distribution on the energy consumption spectrum instead of focusing on the conditional average results show that while housing size matters for space conditioning housing type has a more nuanced impact self reported neighborhood density does not seem to have any impact on energy use furthermore the effects of these factors at the tails of the energy use distribution are substantially different than the average in some cases differing by a factor of six some not all types of multifamily housing offer almost as much savings as reduction in housing area by 100 m 2 compared to single family houses