factor demand technical change and inter fuel substitution in africa abstract the translog production function has been widely used in applied production analysis due to its flexibility and superiority over other functional forms this study develops a translog production function for a group of african countries the random effects model is estimated using generalized least squares estimator the main findings are first output in africa is driven by a more intensive use of petroleum and electricity and to a lesser extent capital labor and coal relative to technological progress second african production technology exhibits increasing returns to scale suggesting a path towards market entry barriers third technical change is scale biased and factor augmenting albeit very slow fourth all energy inputs are substitutes indicating africa s potential to proportionally switch towards cleaner fuels without adversely affecting economic growth finally and perhaps more generally the study reinforces the assertion that imposing restrictions like homotheticity homogeneity or separability on the production technology is unrealistic and should rather be a testable hypothesis within any applied analysis in view of the documented findings relevant implications for africa are discussed

effects of demand side management on chinese household electricity consumption empirical findings from chinese household survey abstract china s residential electricity demand has grown rapidly over the last three decades and given the expected continued growth demand side management dsm can play an important role in reducing electricity demand by using micro level data collected from 1450 households in 27 provinces in the first ever china residential energy consumption survey in 2012 this study estimates the effects of three dsm measures empirically tiered household electricity pricing china energy label program and information feedback mechanisms we find these measures have contributed to moderating residential electricity demand growth but additional policy reform and tools are needed to increase their effectiveness and impact residential electricity demand is found to be price and income inelastic and tiered pricing alone may not be as effective in electricity conservation the statistically significant relationship between china energy label efficient refrigerators but not televisions and lowered residential electricity consumption reflect mixed program effectiveness lastly of the information feedback currently available through electricity bills payment frequency and meters only meter reader is estimated to be statistically significant important policy implications and recommendations for improving each of these three dsm measures to expand their impact on reducing residential electricity consumption are identified

the role of trade openness and investment in examining the energy growth pollution nexus empirical evidence for china and india most of the existing literature dealing with the relationship between carbon emissions energy consumption and economic growth either suffers from ignoring relevant variables such as trade openness

on electricity consumption and economic growth in china abstract the invention and application of the electric power technology triggered the second industrial revolution in human history which marked the human society entered the age of electricity electricity provides the sustainable power for economic and social development with the rapid development of economy the electricity consumption is also increasing the increase of electricity consumption has further promoted the progress of the industrial economy in order to achieve the goal of improving the level of economic development while reducing energy consumption it is necessary to reveal the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth this study is an extensive overview of the literature surrounding this topic in this paper we focus on the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in china we first analyze the general situation of china s electricity consumption and economic development then we explore the relationship between china s electricity consumption and economic growth from three dimensions i e the time dimension the regional dimension and the industrial dimension finally we study the key issues in the research of the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth including variable selection model construction and results discussion this work suggests that the nature of the nexus in china should and can be explored from a wider perspective by developing a suitable integrated methodological framework

resolving differences in willingness to pay and willingness to accept reply gwendolyn c morrison 1997 raises a logical point regarding our experimental test of the divergence between willingness to pay wtp and willingness to accept wta measures of economic value shogren et al 1994 she argues that our design does not provide a true test of the existence of a fundamental endowment effect since we did not control for the potential of a pivoting indifference map daniel kahneman et al 1990 she concludes that even though our ev idence shows that the mean wtp and wta bids for market goods with close substitutes e g candy bars and coffee mugs converge after market experience the endowment effect might still be alive and well albeit at statisti cally insignificant levels

electricity consumption and economic growth in algeria a multivariate causality analysis in the presence of structural change this article addresses the issue of electricity consumption petroleum price and economic growth in algeria the primary objective is to investigate and analyze the causal relationship between electricity consumption ec brent oil price bop and economic growth gdp for algeria over the period of 1971 2010 to examine short run long run and joint causality relationships we used a multivariate cointegration approach based on the recent advances in time series econometrics e g zivot andrews test gregory hansen cointegration test vector error correction models vecm the empirical results show that there is evidence of short run and a strong long run bi directional causal relationship between ec and real gdp in algeria findings indicate also the absence of causal relationship between bop and ec our empirical findings support the idea that there a link between electricity consumption and economic growth and disproves the neo classical assumption referred to as the neutrality hypothesis

a dynamic panel study of economic development and the electricity consumption growth nexus abstract this study examines the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth for 88 countries categorized into four panels based on the world bank income classification high upper middle lower middle and low income within a multivariate panel framework over the period 1990 2006 the larsson et al 2001 panel cointegration test indicates there is a long run equilibrium relationship between real gdp coal consumption real gross fixed capital formation and the labor force for the high upper middle and lower middle income country panels the results from the panel vector error correction models reveal 1 bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in both the short and long run for the high income and upper middle income country panels 2 unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to economic growth in the short run but bidirectional causality in the long run for the lower middle income country panel and 3 unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to economic growth for the low income country panel

environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in pakistan cointegration and granger causality abstract the paper is an effort to fill the gap in the energy literature with a comprehensive country study of pakistan we investigate the relationship between co2 emissions energy consumption economic growth and trade openness in pakistan over the period of 1971 2009 bounds test for cointegration and granger causality approach are employed for the empirical analysis the result suggests that there exists a long run relationship among the variables and the environmental kuznets curve ekc hypothesis is supported the significant existence of ekc shows the country s effort to condense co2 emissions and indicates certain achievement of controlling environmental degradation in pakistan furthermore we find a one way causal relationship running from economic growth to co2 emissions energy consumption increases co2 emissions both in the short and long runs trade openness reduces co2 emissions in the long run but it is insignificant in the short run in addition the change of co2 emissions from short run to the long span of time is corrected by about 10 yearly

marine energy consumption national economic activity and greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping the causal relationships among marine energy consumption greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping and economic growth for kyoto protocol annex i countries for the period of 1990 to 2006 are discussed the real gross domestic product is used as a proxy for economic activity the united states is also discussed because it was the main global polluter before 2006 the co integration methodology and an error correction model are used to examine the causal relationships the empirical results show that marine energy consumption and gdp are the main factors of increased ghg emissions in the short run and that economic activity significantly increased emissions in the long run emissions from shipping are more closely related to marine energy consumption than to economic activity hence policies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from marine shipping need to focus on greater energy efficiency in the design of ship engines and hulls

co2 emissions energy consumption and economic growth in bric countries abstract this paper examines dynamic causal relationships between pollutant emissions energy consumption and output for a panel of bric countries over the period 1971 2005 except for russia 1990 2005 in long run equilibrium energy consumption has a positive and statistically significant impact on emissions while real output exhibits the inverted u shape pattern associated with the environmental kuznets curve ekc hypothesis with the threshold income of 5 393 in logarithms in the short term changes in emissions are driven mostly by the error correction term and short term energy consumption shocks as opposed to short term output shocks for each country short term deviations from the long term equilibrium take from 0 770 years russia to 5 848 years brazil to correct the panel causality results indicate there are energy consumption emissions bidirectional strong causality and energy consumption output bidirectional long run causality along with unidirectional both strong and short run causalities from emissions and energy consumption respectively to output overall in order to reduce emissions and not to adversely affect economic growth increasing both energy supply investment and energy efficiency and stepping up energy conservation policies to reduce unnecessary wastage of energy can be initiated for energy dependent bric countries

do urbanization income and trade affect electricity consumption across chinese provinces abstract the aim of this paper is to investigate the short and long run links among urbanization output gross domestic product gdp trade openness and electricity consumption in china using a rich dataset at the provincial level the short run granger causality analysis discloses a unidirectional causal relationship running from electricity to output and weak feedback effects between trade and urbanization the long run granger causality analysis shows output urbanization and trade trigger electricity consumption whereas trade urbanization and electricity cause output the group mean and lambda pearson causality tests reveal a large heterogeneity in the long run effects which suggests there is no one size fits all policy and each region should formulate a differentiated urbanization growth strategy based on its own characteristics to control electricity utilization

economic growth and electricity consumption in cote d ivoire evidence from time series analysis this paper examines the causal relationship between the electric power industry and the economic growth of cote d ivoire using the data from 1971 to 2008 a test was conducted for the cointegration and granger causality within an error correction model results from these tests reveal a bidirectional causality between per capita electricity consumption and per capita gdp a unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to industry value added appears in the short run economic growth is found to have great effects on electricity consumption and a reverse causality from electricity to economic growth may also appear in the long run there is a unidirectional causality between electricity and both gdp and industry value added from these findings we conclude that the country will be energy dependent in the long run and must therefore secure the production network from shortfalls to ensure a sustainable development path accordingly government should adopt policies aimed at increasing the investment in the sector by stepping up electricity production from existing and new energy sources

electricity consumption real gdp causality nexus evidence from a bootstrapped causality test for 30 oecd countries the goal of this paper is to examine any causal effects between electricity consumption and real gdp for 30 oecd countries we use a bootstrapped causality testing approach and unravel evidence in favour of electricity consumption causing real gdp in australia iceland italy the slovak republic the czech republic korea portugal and the uk the implication is that electricity conservation policies will negatively impact real gdp in these countries however for the rest of the 22 countries our findings suggest that electricity conversation policies will not affect real gdp

why is electricity consumption inconsistent with economic growth in china studies have indicated that there exists a relatively stable and positive correlation between electricity consumption and economic growth and there should not be a large deviation between them however the deviation between electricity consumption and economic growth in china during the asian financial crisis and global economic crisis sparks intense debates we attempt to explain the deviation from the perspective of inventory investment adjustment in the business cycle using the svar model in this paper the results show that the effects of inventory investment adjustment shock and electricity consumption structure shock on the deviation are positive but tend to be negative for electricity efficiency shock the results of historical decomposition of these shocks also show that the inventory investment adjustment shock is the main factor that influences the deviation during the global economic crisis economic fluctuation in the short term can not change the economic development pattern and the characteristics of electricity demand once the economy returns to stable growth the deviation between electricity consumption and economic growth will shrink and disappear soon

coal consumption and economic growth in china abstract the aim of this paper is to re examine the relationship between coal consumption and real gdp of china with the use of panel data this paper applies modern panel data techniques to help shed light on the importance of the heterogeneity among different regions within china empirical analyses are conducted for the full panel as well as three subgroups of the panel the empirical results show that coal consumption and gdp are both i 1 and cointegrated in all regional groupings heterogeneity is found in the gdp equation of the full panel the regional causality tests reveal that the coal consumption gdp relationship is bidirectional in the coastal and central regions whereas causality is unidirectional from gdp to coal consumption in the western region thus energy conservation measures will not adversely affect the economic growth of the western region but such measures will likely encumber the economy of the coastal and central regions where most of the coal intensive industries are concentrated

energy consumption and gdp causality relationship in g 7 countries and emerging markets abstract the causality relationship between energy consumption and income is a well studied topic in energy economics this paper studies the time series properties of energy consumption and gdp and reexamines the causality relationship between the two series in the top 10 emerging markets excluding china due to lack of data and g 7 countries we discover bi directional causality in argentina causality running from gdp to energy consumption in italy and korea and from energy consumption to gdp in turkey france germany and japan hence energy conservation may harm economic growth in the last four countries

a re examination of the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in malaysia abstract the purpose of this study is to re investigate the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in malaysia from 1972 1 to 2003 4 this study adopted the newly developed ecm based f test kanioura a turner p 2005 critical values for an f test for cointegration in the multivariate model applied economics 37 3 265 270 for cointegration to examine the presence of long run equilibrium relationship through the autoregressive distributed lag ardl model the empirical evidence suggests that electricity consumption and economic growth are not cointegrated in malaysia however the standard granger s test and mwald test suggest that electricity consumption and economic growth in malaysia granger causes each other this finding provides policymakers with a better understanding of electricity consumption and allows them to formulate electricity consumption policy to support the economic development and to enhance the productivity of capital labour and other factors of production for future economic growth in malaysia

disaggregated energy consumption and gdp in taiwan a threshold co integration analysis abstract energy consumption growth is much higher than economic growth for taiwan in recent years worsening its energy efficiency this paper provides a solid explanation by examining the equilibrium relationship between gdp and disaggregated energy consumption under a non linear framework the threshold co integration test developed with asymmetric dynamic adjusting processes proposed by hansen and seo hansen b e seo b 2002 testing for two regime threshold cointegration in vector error correction models journal of econometrics 110 293 318 is applied non linear co integrations between gdp and disaggregated energy consumptions are confirmed except for oil consumption the two regime vector error correction models vecm show that the adjustment process of energy consumption toward equilibrium is highly persistent when an appropriately threshold is reached there is mean reverting behavior when the threshold is reached making aggregate and disaggregated energy consumptions grow faster than gdp in taiwan

electricity consumption and economic growth in seven south american countries abstract this paper attempts to investigate the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth among seven south american countries namely argentina brazil chile columbia ecuador peru and venezuela using widely accepted time series techniques for the period 1975 2006 the results indicate that the causal nexus between electricity consumption and economic growth varies across countries there is a unidirectional short run causality from electricity consumption to real gdp for argentina brazil chile columbia and ecuador this means that an increase in electricity consumption directly affects economic growth in those countries in venezuela there is a bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth this implies that an increase in electricity consumption directly affects economic growth and that economic growth also stimulates further electricity consumption in that country however no causal relationships exist in peru the documented evidence from seven south american countries can provide useful information for each government with regard to energy and growth policy

the dynamics of electricity demand in pakistan a panel cointegration analysis abstract this paper examines the dynamics of electricity demand in pakistan at the aggregate and sectoral levels over the period 1978 2012 panel cointegration test and fully modified ordinary least squares method is employed to determine the long run relationship between electricity consumption real income real price of electricity and domestic price of non energy products the results reveal that electricity demand is more responsive to changes in income than changes in prices at the aggregate and disaggregate levels short run and long run income elasticities are positive and statistically significant supporting the conservation hypothesis it appears from the results that long run price elasticities are negative and significant at the aggregate level and for the agriculture commercial residential sectors and public utilities the short run price elasticities are significant but low in magnitude which implies that changes in electricity price exert minimal effect on the electricity consumption in pakistan the domestic price of non energy products is positive and significant for aggregate sample in the short run the domestic price of non energy products exert significant negative positive impact on electricity demand in the agriculture industrial sectors the results thus provide important information to the agents operating in the electricity market regarding the income and pricing policies and helps in planning the future strategy of electricity demand management

estimating the environment kuznets curve hypothesis evidence from latin america and the caribbean countries this study explores the effect of economic growth gdp renewable energy consumption re and financial development fd on co2 emission co2 in latin america and caribbean countries to achieve this goal a panel co2 model was built over the period 1980 2010 the kao cointegration test results revealed that the variables are cointegrated the fully modified ols fmols results indicated an inverted u shape relationship between co2 and gdp thus confirming the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis furthermore fmols results also revealed that fd can improve environmental quality by its negative long run effect on co2 however re has no long run effect on co2 indicating that the re does not contribute to co2 reduction the vecm granger causality results revealed feedback causality between gdp re fd and co2 in both short and long run additionally granger causality results also revealed that re gdp and fd can be a good solution to reduce environmental damage since they have a causal effect on co2 this study shows the investigated countries should increase their banking loans on green energy energy efficiency and energy saving projects to reduce environmental damage in addition the above recommendation can increase the contribution of renewable energy in reducing environmental damage

a review of residential tiered electricity pricing in china abstract at present the unformed market oriented pricing mechanism has become a great challenge faced by china s electricity pricing and the unreasonable electricity pricing caused by cross subsidization has become increasingly serious with the economic development and energy shortage tiered electricity price tep which was developed and used since 1970s was introduced into china as a new electricity pricing method for residential electricity consumption the tep can also improve the tariffs the behaviors and the efficiency of residential electricity consumption in this study we use the fundamental theory of the electricity economics to analyze the pricing methods and the forms of china s power market with the reform of electric power industry we also point out the characteristics of residential tiered electricity pricing in china which is also compared with other countries such as the united states and japan the main factors influencing the residential tiered electricity pricing design are discussed in this paper from the perspectives of users the electric power enterprise and government regulation then we point out the main problems of china s existing tiered electricity pricing including inadequate level of public awareness and acceptance unreasonable tiered and electricity price standard insufficient reflection in regional differences less combination with other electricity pricing forms and low level of smart meter application

empirical evidence regarding electricity consumption and urban economic growth links between electricity consumption and economic growth are fairly well documented for national economies but less so for urban economies the analysis of such relationships at the sub national

reservation price as a range an incentive compatible measurement approach abstract drawing from the literature on buyers uncertainty in preference and product knowledge the authors suggest and empirically test the proposition that a consumer s reservation price for a product is more meaningfully and accurately represented as a range than as a single point given this conceptualization they propose an approach for incentive compatible elicitation of a consumer s reservation price range icerange that builds on becker degroot and marschak s 1964 point of purchase method two empirical applications of the approach provide an assessment of its practicality and its predictive performance relative to current methodologies for reservation price elicitation the results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the benchmark approaches in terms of predictive validity and yields valuable incremental information about uncertainty in product valuation

environmental degradation economic growth and energy consumption evidence of the environmental kuznets curve in malaysia this paper tests for the short and long run relationship between economic growth carbon dioxide co2 emissions and energy consumption using the environmental kuznets curve ekc by employing both the aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption data in malaysia for the period 1980 2009 the autoregressive distributed lag ardl methodology and johansen juselius maximum likelihood approach were used to test the cointegration relationship and the granger causality test based on the vector error correction model vecm to test for causality the study does not support an inverted u shaped relationship ekc when aggregated energy consumption data was used when data was disaggregated based on different energy sources such as oil coal gas and electricity the study does show evidences of the ekc hypothesis the long run granger causality test shows that there is bi directional causality between economic growth and co2 emissions with coal gas electricity and oil consumption this suggests that decreasing energy consumption such as coal gas electricity and oil appears to be an effective way to control co2 emissions but simultaneously will hinder economic growth thus suitable policies related to the efficient consumption of energy resources and consumption of renewable sources are required

land tenure issues in economic development land property and construction are reckoned to account for around 20 per cent of the gross domestic product of many nations the relationship between people and the land is complex and differs between nations depending on their history culture and legal system many countries especially those in transition from command to market driven economies are re engineering their cadastral and land registration systems in order to provide cheaper faster and more secure ways of transacting land this paper focuses on the importance of land tenure arrangements and the need to manage information about land and property in support of land markets and sustainable development

energy consumption and economic growth in china a multivariate causality test this study takes a fresh look at the direction of causality between energy consumption and economic growth in china during the period from 1972 to 2006 using a multivariate cointegration approach given the weakness associated with the bivariate causality framework the current study performs a multivariate causality framework by incorporating capital and labor variables into the model between energy consumption and economic growth based on neo classical aggregate production theory using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag ardl bounds testing approach a long run equilibrium cointegration relationship has been found to exist between economic growth and the explanatory variables energy consumption capital and employment empirical results reveal that the long run parameter of energy consumption on economic growth in china is approximately 0 15 through a long run static solution of the estimated ardl model and that for the short run is approximately 0 12 by the error correction model the study also indicates the existence of short run and long run causality running from energy consumption capital and employment to economic growth the estimation results imply that energy serves as an important source of economic growth thus more vigorous energy use and economic development strategies should be adopted for china

substitution possibilities and determinants of energy intensity for china abstract this paper measures technological change factor demand and inter factor and inter fuel substitutability measures for china we use individual fuel price data and a two stage approach to estimate total factor cost functions and fuel share equations both inter factor and inter fuel substitution elasticities are calculated and the change in energy intensity is decomposed into its driving forces the results suggest that energy is substitutable for capital regionally and for labor nationally capital substitutes for energy more easily than labor does energy intensity changes vary by region but the major drivers seem to be budget effect and the adoption of energy intensive technologies which might be embodied in high level energy using exports and sectors capital investment and even old technique and equipment imports whether the trend in rising energy intensity continues will be significant for china and the rest of the world

the electricity consumption versus economic growth of the polish economy abstract the aim of this contribution is an investigation of causal interdependences between electricity consumption and gdp in poland our research was conducted for total electricity consumption as well as for the industrial consumption of electricity in order to reflect the causality between gdp and electricity consumption properly we performed our investigations in a three dimensional framework with employment chosen as an additional variable we used reliable quarterly data from the period q1 2000 q4 2009 in order to check the stability of the causalities the investigations were performed on two samples a full sample and a pre crisis i e q1 2000 q3 2008 subsample we applied both traditional methods and some recently developed econometric tools we found feedback between total electricity consumption and gdp as well as between total electricity consumption and employment we also found unidirectional causality running from industrial electricity consumption to employment and no direct causal links between industrial electricity consumption and gdp in addition all these findings were in general not seriously affected by the financial and economic crises of 2008 a significant exception is the causal effect of industrial electricity consumption on employment which was more pronounced after the crisis of 2008

dynamics of electricity consumption oil price and economic growth global perspective this study uses the data from 157 countries from 1960 to 2014 to analyze the relationship between economic growth electricity consumption oil prices capital and labor the economic growth of developing countries with industrial infrastructure has a more significant association with electricity consumption than oil prices we use oil prices and electricity consumption jointly to study highly predictive observations for economic growth the data are categorized by income oecd and regional levels the panel cointegration long run parameter estimation and pool mean group tests are used to analyze the cointegration and short run and long run relationships between the variables the empirical results indicate the presence of cointegration between the variables the presence of feedback effects between electricity consumption and economic growth oil prices and economic growth is valid these findings confirm that in spite of the oil prices developing countries rely heavily on electricity consumption for economic growth in the short run growth and feedback effects suggest that more vigorous electricity policies should be implemented to attain sustainable economic growth for the long term

are energy conservation policies effective without harming economic growth in the gulf cooperation council countries abstract this study explores the fossil fuels electricity consumption growth of the gross domestic product gdp relationship in the six gulf cooperation council gcc countries for the period 1980 2012 the aim of this study is to examine whether energy conservation policies are appropriate for these countries to reduce their high levels of electricity consumption the autoregressive distributed lag ardl and the toda yamamoto dolado lutkepohl tydl methodologies were employed to investigate this relationship the ardl results revealed that fossil fuels electricity consumption has a long run positive effect on gdp growth in the gcc countries however the tydl granger causality revealed different causality relationships among the countries a bi directional causality was found between fossil fuels electricity consumption and gdp growth in bahrain and the united arab emirates uae while one way causality from fossil fuels electricity consumption to gdp growth was found in oman and qatar on the other hand no causality was concluded between the variables in kuwait and saudi arabia from the results it is clear that energy conservation is not an ideal policy for the bahrain uae oman and qatar because it will have a negative consequence on their output however this policy can be implemented in kuwait and saudi arabia since it will not harm their output

energy consumption and economic growth in china a reconciliation abstract in conventional causality testing based on asymptotic distribution theory there is a high risk of wrongly rejecting the true null of no causality especially when the sample size is as small as typically seen in the literature in this study we offer a formal diagnosis of the existing contradictory results on the causal relationship between energy consumption and real gdp we also employ a time series oriented advanced data generation process to perform simulation based inference for the people s republic of china our study covers the 1971 2007 period and considers five different aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption measures as well as three different lag orders in both a bivariate as well as a multivariate frameworks our maximum entropy bootstrap based analysis which avoids pretest biases and is also robust to type i errors supports the neutrality hypothesis in 53 out of the total of 60 model estimations the strong results show that coarse aggregate data has a limited potential to observe the complex causal linkages between energy consumption and economic growth future policy oriented research on this nexus requires more focused analyses based on sectoral and provincial data

the interdependent relationship between sectoral productivity and disaggregated energy consumption in malaysia markov switching approach abstract this study examines the interdependent relationship between sectoral productivity and disaggregated energy consumption in malaysia by employing the markov switching technique several outcomes are reached firstly the regime movement of gdp during regime 2 is influenced by disaggregated energy consumption secondly industrial and manufacturing productivity of regime 1 and regime 2 responded with disaggregated energy consumption finally the regimes carbon emissions depend on both of manufacturing and industrial productivity this study recommends efficient consumption of energy and the use of green technology in order to minimise energy consumptions and environment pollution

electricity consumption and economic growth in china cointegration and co feature analysis abstract this paper applies the cointegration theory to examine the causal relationship between electricity consumption and real gdp gross demostic product for china during 1978 2004 our estimation results indicate that real gdp and electricity consumption for china are cointegrated and there is only unidirectional granger causality running from electricity consumption to real gdp but not the vice versa then hodrick prescott hp filter is applied to decompose the trend and fluctuation component of the gdp and electricity consumption series the estimation results indicate that there is cointegration between not only the trend components but also the cyclical components of the two series which implies that the granger causality is probably related with the business cycle the estimation results are of policy implication to the development of electric sector in china

electricity consumption and economic growth in china abstract this paper applies the error correction model to examine the causal relationship between electricity consumption and real gdp for china during 1971 2000 our estimation results indicate that real gdp and electricity consumption for china are cointegrated and there is unidirectional granger causality running from electricity consumption to real gdp but not vice versa in order to overcome the constraints on electricity consumption the chinese government has to speed up the nation wide interconnection of power networks to upgrade urban and rural distribution grids and to accelerate rural electrification

energy and economic growth in the usa a multivariate approach abstract this paper examines the causal relationship between gdp and energy use for the period 1947 90 in the usa the relationship between energy use and economic growth has been examined by both biophysical and neoclassical economists in particular several studies have tested for the presence of a causal relationship in the granger sense between energy use and economic growth however these tests do not allow a direct test of the relative explanatory powers of the neoclassical and biophysical models a multivariate adaptation of the test vector autoregression var does allow such a test a var of gdp energy use capital stock and employment is estimated and granger tests for causal relationships between the variables are carried out although there is no evidence that gross energy use granger causes gdp a measure of final energy use adjusted for changing fuel composition does granger cause gdp

a note on the electricity growth nexus in lao pdr abstract this paper investigates the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in laos by applying the ardl bounds testing approach to cointegration and granger causality tests our results confirm the existence of a long run relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in addition we found unidirectional causality running from economic growth to electricity consumption in the long run supporting the conservation hypothesis

electrical energy usage over the business cycle causality from macroeconomic conditions to electrical usage overall and in the residential commercial industrial and other sectors is examined the paper shows that changes in macroeconomic conditions cause significant changes in electrical usage in the commercial and industrial sectors and overall in addition the paper shows that causality occurs at business cycle frequencies and that there are asymmetries over the business cycle an implication is that forecasts used to assess the probability of exceeding capacity constraints should incorporate forecasts of macroeconomic conditions asymmetries over the cycle and how the commercial and industrial sectors will respond to such changes

energy models for demand forecasting a review abstract energy is vital for sustainable development of any nation be it social economic or environment in the past decade energy consumption has increased exponentially globally energy management is crucial for the future economic prosperity and environmental security energy is linked to industrial production agricultural output health access to water population education quality of life etc energy demand management is required for proper allocation of the available resources during the last decade several new techniques are being used for energy demand management to accurately predict the future energy needs in this paper an attempt is made to review the various energy demand forecasting models traditional methods such as time series regression econometric arima as well as soft computing techniques such as fuzzy logic genetic algorithm and neural networks are being extensively used for demand side management support vector regression ant colony and particle swarm optimization are new techniques being adopted for energy demand forecasting bottom up models such as markal and leap are also being used at the national and regional level for energy demand management

electricity consumption growth nexus evidence from panel data for transition countries abstract this paper investigates the long run relationship and causality issues between electricity consumption and economic growth in 15 transition countries albania belarus bulgaria czech republic estonia latvia lithuania macedonia moldova poland romania russian federation serbia slovak republic and ukraine by using the pedroni panel cointegration method for the 1990 2006 period results suggest that the pedroni panel cointegration tests do not confirm a long term equilibrium relationship between electricity consumption per capita and real gdp per capita moreover since no cointegration was found error correction mechanisms plus causality tests cannot be run for further steps in the long term to investigate the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth overall it can be said that the electricity consumption related policies have no effect or relation on the level of real output in the long run for these countries as a conclusion the literature has conflicting results and there is no consensus either on the existence or the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth thus the findings of this study have important policy implications and it shows that this issue still deserves further attention in future research

output and substitution elasticities of energy and implications for renewable energy expansion in the ecowas region abstract this study estimates output and substitution elasticities of renewable energy and nonrenewable energy for the economic community of west african states ecowas and discusses implications for expanding the former the results show that nonrenewable energy promises greater benefits for ecowas economic transition with output elasticities averaging between 0 052 0 579 and 0 055 to 0 223 for nonrenewable energy and renewable energy respectively overall estimated technological progress is low 0 5 to 2 6 the bulk coming from input efficiency substitution elasticities 0 02 0 94 suggest potential for switching towards renewable energy notwithstanding scale economics and sitting problems inherent in renewable power generation challenge the opportunities for energy substitution a sustainable policy solution therefore appears to be one favoring scaled and efficient electricity generation from fossil energy in the short run with a gradual switch towards renewable power in the long run in general the applied model provides insights that energy efficiency enhances sustainable growth by propelling technological advancement especially when technical change is scale biased and factor augmenting the study also provides insights that impacts of exogenous shocks to inputs are temporary and hence do not jeopardize efforts aimed at scaling output through increased and efficient use of labor capital and energy especially nonrenewable energy

financial development environmental quality trade and economic growth what causes what in mena countries this paper examines the relationship between financial development co2 emissions trade and economic growth using simultaneous equation panel data models for a panel of 12 mena countries over the period 1990 2011 our results indicate that there is evidence of bidirectional causality between co2 emissions and economic growth economic growth and trade openness are interrelated i e bidirectional causality feedback hypothesis is validated between trade openness and financial development neutrality hypothesis is identified between co2 emissions and financial development unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth and from trade openness to co2 emissions is identified our empirical results also verified the existence of environmental kuznets curve these empirical insights are of particular interest to policymakers as they help build sound economic policies to sustain economic development and to improve the environmental quality

can african countries efficiently build their economies on renewable energy abstract the translog production model is estimated to provide insights on the effectiveness of renewable energy for africa the analysis shows that capital labor renewable energy and nonrenewable energy drive output in african countries with renewable energy being a higher driver of growth than the conventional fossil fuels over the sample period this finding is reflective of the fact that renewable sources like wind hydro and solar account for a greater share of power generation in most african countries output elasticities computed for both energy types reaffirm the results and suggest that eastern and central african countries are more renewable energy dependent than the other three regions in addition technological progress is driven mainly by the efficiency with which various factors and energy inputs are used while africa has great potential of facing out conventional fossil energy the discussion provided in this study suggests that such transition is limited in practice due to issues of scale economics and sitting problems

does portuguese economy support crude oil conservation hypothesis abstract this paper examines cointegration relationships and granger causality nexus in a trivariate framework among oil consumption economic growth and international oil price in portugal for this purpose we employ two granger causality approaches the johansen cointegration test and vector error correction model vecm and the toda yamamoto approaches cointegration test proves the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship among these variables and vecm and toda yamamoto granger causality tests indicate that there is bidirectional causality between crude oil consumption and economic growth feed back hypothesis therefore the portuguese economy does not support crude oil conservation hypothesis consequently policymakers should consider that implementing oil conservation and environmental policies may negatively impact on the portuguese economic growth

gradual reforms and the emergence of energy market in china evidence from tests for convergence of energy prices this study investigates the emergence of energy markets by testing for convergence of energy prices with a new dataset on energy spot prices in 35 major cities in china both descriptive statistics and unit root are employed to test the convergence of energy prices for each of four fuel price series the whole study period is divided into two sub periods in order to reconcile the gradual energy reforms the results show the steady improvement in energy market performance in china especially during the second sub period which suggests that the market appears to be playing an increasing role in determining energy prices while panel unit root tests show energy markets are integrated in china as a whole city by city univariate unit root tests suggest that there are still many regional energy markets probably because energy reserves especially coal vary widely across regions since china s energy economy is gradually moving towards market oriented mechanisms the existing literature may become obsolete soon

electricity consumption oil price and economic growth global perspective abstract the study uses the panel data of 210 countries over the period 1960 2014 to analyze the empirical relationship between economic growth electricity consumption oil price gross fixed capital formation and population while the current literature on the topic focus largely on relationship between oil consumption and economic growth while only a few presented the research studying relationship between electricity and economic growth we used oil price and electricity consumption jointly to study the highly predictive observer for economic growth furthermore the data is categorized into income oecd regional level renewable energy consumption level and oil export import countries pedroni panel cointegration fully modified ols and panel vector error correction test apply to analyze the cointegration short run and the long run relationship between the variables the results of full panel confirm a bidirectional relationship between electricity consumption and gdp oil price and gdp fixed capital formation population and gdp moreover the results confirm that countries using non renewable sources for electricity generating such as through coal and oil the electricity consumption of these countries exhibit a negative relationship with the economic growth furthermore the finding varies across income oecd and regional renewable energy consumption level

do financial development urbanization and trade affect environmental quality evidence from china abstract it is of great significance to study the impact of financial development on carbon emissions for the development of low carbon economy although many empirical studies reveal significant correlations between financial development and various environmental pollution variables few studies differentiate financial scale and efficiency from other factors and pay attention to the impact of securities capital market on carbon emissions in view of the complexity of financial development impact mechanism on carbon emissions in china this paper classifies financial development into two dimensions financial scale and securities size we establish a broader autoregressive distributed lag error correction model ardl ecm which is used to measure the dynamic relationship among financial scale securities size urbanization economic development trade openness and china s carbon emission intensity the study indicates that there is positive short run and long run relationship among financial scale economic growth and carbon emission intensity this reflects that the current development of financial scale has stimulated the development of china s economy but brought carbon emissions the size of securities has a relatively small impact on carbon emission intensity both in the short run and long run this shows that china s current securities market mechanism of regulating carbon emissions needs further improvement the above conclusions are convinced by the robustness tests this paper provides empirical evidence for policy makers to support the implementation of financial and low carbon economy growth

estimation of electricity demand function for algeria revisit of time series analysis abstract this paper aims to empirically re examine whether economic growth has effect on electricity consumption for algerian economy we have incorporated urbanization and trade openness in electricity demand function as additional determinants of electricity consumption for the period of 1971 2012 for empirical purpose we have applied the recently developed combined cointegration test proposed by bayer and hanck 2013 and bounds testing approach to cointegration by pesaran et al 2001 for establishing the cointegration between the variables by accommodating structural breaks the results expose that income growth leads to higher electricity demand along with urbanization being another major contributing factor of rising electricity demand in contrast trade openness leads to reduce electricity demand the causal association between the variables is further examined with the application of innovation accounting approach of vector autoregressive var the empirical evidence indicates the presence of the neutral effect between income growth and electricity use urbanization causes electricity use and electricity use causes urbanization in granger sense

energy consumption and gdp in tunisia cointegration and causality analysis abstract in this paper the johansen cointegration technique is used to examine the causal relationship between per capita energy consumption pcec and per capita gross domestic product pcgdp for tunisia during the 1971 2004 period in order to test for granger causality in the presence of cointegration among the variables a vector error correction model vecm is used instead of a vector autoregressive var model our estimation results indicate that the pcgdp and pcec for tunisia are related by one cointegrating vector and that there is a long run bi directional causal relationship between the two series and a short run unidirectional causality from energy to gross domestic product gdp the source of causation in the long run is found to be the error correction terms in both directions hence an important policy implication resulting from this analysis is that energy can be considered as a limiting factor to gdp growth in tunisia conclusions for tunisia may also be relevant for a number of countries that have to go through a similar development path of increasing pressure on already scarce energy resources

market driven coal prices and state administered electricity prices in china this paper analyzes how the chinese government adjusts electricity prices for both industrial and residential users in response to changes in coal prices using an asymmetric error correction model our results show that there is a long term relation between the coal price and electricity prices but the relationship is weak especially for residential pricing in the short run we find electricity prices are adjusting faster upwards than downwards price adjustment towards long run equilibrium is faster for residential users upwards than downwards on the other hand we find no evidence of asymmetric equilibrium adjustment in the electricity price for industrial use the weak long term relationship reflects the rigidity in electricity pricing and government s reluctance to subject end users to fluctuations of raw materials cost shifts

hypothetical bias and willingness to accept abstract we design and implement simple laboratory experiments to measure the bias in willingness to pay settings once identified this bias can be corrected or compared to the bias found in comparable willingness to pay settings

energy consumption and economic growth assessing the evidence from greece abstract this paper attempts to shed light into the empirical relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for greece 1960 1996 employing the vector error correction model estimation the vector specification includes energy consumption real gdp and price developments the latter taken to represent a measure of economic efficiency the empirical evidence suggests that there is a long run relationship between the three variables supporting the endogeneity of energy consumption and real output these findings have important policy implications since the adoption of suitable structural policies aiming at improving economic efficiency can induce energy conservation without impeding economic growth

electricity consumption and economic growth across australian states and territories this study investigates the long run and short run dynamics between electricity consumption along with traditional inputs such as labour and capital on economic output for a panel of seven austra

examining the bi directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and gdp growth abstract the bi directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and gdp growth has been investigated in high income upper middle income lower middle income and high income countries to achieve this goal the fully modified ols was utilized the results revealed that 79 of the countries have a positive bi directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and gdp growth this represents the feedback hypothesis on the other hand 19 of the countries showed no long run relationship between the variables this represents the neutrality hypothesis besides 2 of the countries showed a one way long run relationship from gdp growth to renewable energy consumption confirming the conservation hypothesis and from renewable energy consumption and gdp growth representing the growth hypothesis despite the mixed results across countries it has been proved that the more persistent and significant the bi directional long run relationship between the variables is the higher the income countries are

changes in industrial electricity consumption in china from 1998 to 2007 abstract electricity consumption in the industrial sector experienced a dramatic increase between 1998 and 2007 accounting for approximately 75 of china s total electricity consumption this study analyzes the potential factors influencing the growth of electricity consumption in china s industrial sector over the past decade using a logarithmic mean divisia index i decomposition method results show that activity effect and shift effect caused by the change in the electricity s share of industrial energy use are the major factors responsible for the rise in electricity consumption between 1998 and 2007 it is found that structural change also contributed to the increase in electricity consumption it had only a small effect in contrast the technological effect is responsible for a decrease in electricity consumption during this period the influences of technological effects and shift effects followed approximately an inverse u shaped and u shaped curve respectively furthermore the results show that the main contributors to incremental electricity consumption among industrial subsectors were manufacturing of raw chemical material and products manufacturing of non metal mineral products smelting and pressing of ferrous and non ferrous metals and production and supply of electric power and heat power these sectors should take priority for industrial restructuring in order to implement policies for energy and electricity savings

electricity consumption and metropolitan economic performance in guangzhou 1950 2013 abstract this study analyzes the relationship between electricity consumption and metropolitan economic growth for guangzhou china using 64 years of annual frequency data the capital stock is used as a control variable because of its role in mediating the relationship between energy utilization and economic output empirical results indicate unidirectional granger causality from electricity consumption to metropolitan economic performance in the short run this is consistent with the argument that dependable electricity infrastructure and service can play a vital role in facilitating economic growth implications for conservation efforts and regional development are discussed

re investigating the electricity consumption and economic growth nexus in portugal in the previous decades a number of studies have been conducted to analyse the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in the portuguese economy however the evidence remains controversial because the previous studies do not provide clear causality evidence this might be attributed to the omitted variables bias because most previous studies only focus on the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in a bi variate model this paper attempts to re investigate the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in portugal using a multivariate model based on the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the granger causality test within the vector error correction model vecm our empirical results confirm the presence of cointegration among the variables moreover there is evidence of bi directional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in the short and long run this suggests that energy is an important source of economic growth in portugal therefore energy conservation policies should not be implemented because it would deteriorate the process of economic growth and development of the portuguese economy

electricity demand and conservation potential in the chinese nonmetallic mineral products industry newhuadu business school research fund ministry of education foundation 10jzd0018 10jbg013 china sustainable energy program g 1103 13921 national social science foundation 09zd050

willingness to pay and willingness to accept how much can they differ comment i agree with the point made by edoh y amiran and daniel a hagen 2003 that there can be a substantial or even infinite divergence between the wta and wtp for a public good even where there is a nonzero elasticity of substitution between market goods and the public good provided that the indifference curves are asymptotically bounded with respect to market goods in the manner they describe this is an important point they are also correct to point out that the elasticity of substitution is a local concept whereas their asymptotic boundedness condition applies also for discrete changes my 1991 paper used a local analysis because it was following the structure of the analysis in robert d willig 1976 and alan randall and john r stoll 1980 i wanted to show that while randall and stoll appeared to extend willig s local result on wta versus wtp from price changes to changes in the quantity of a public good the relevant elasticity was in fact different and involved the substitution elasticity as well as the income elasticity i view these points by amiran and hagen as not two separate results but essentially the same result their asymptotic boundedness condition generalizes my zero elasticity of substitution condition to discrete changes the asymptotic boundedness condition can be expressed as follows assuming a bivariate utility function u x q and given a reference point x q associated with a reference utility level u u x q there exists some q q such that for all q q there exists no x such that u x q u in other words no amount of x can substitute for the reduction in public good from q to q q in the case of a zero elasticity of substitution q q but as amiran and hagen show in their theorem 1 this is unnecessarily restrictive when dealing with a discrete reduction in q furthermore their theorem 2 can be viewed as a special case of their theorem 1 in which q 0 which makes q an essential commodity it is well known in consumer theory that the wta to avoid the loss of an essential market good is infinite their theorem 2 extends this result to the case of an essential nonmarket good but as their theorem 1 shows essentialness is not necessary for an infinite wta the boundedness condition is the key and this implies a fundamental lack of substitutability between money market goods and the public good

non linear dynamics of electric power losses electricity consumption and gdp in jamaica abstract we examine the relationship between electric power losses electric power consumption and gdp in jamaica for the period 1971 to 2014 accounting for the non linear growth in gdp there are two key findings first there are cointegrating relationships between the energy variables and gdp in the long run a positive shock to electric power losses has a negative impact on gdp but one to electric power consumption has a positive impact that peters out over time second in the short run the growth in the energy variables granger cause gdp growth we discuss the implications of these findings

economic growth regional disparities and energy demand in china abstract using the panel data of 27 provinces between 1978 and 2008 we employed a instrumental regression technique to examine the relationship between economic growth energy demand production and the related policies in china the empirical results show that forming a cross province integrated energy market will in general reduce the response of equilibrium user costs of energy products to their local demand and production through cross regional energy transfer including both energy trade and cross regional reallocation in particular reducing transportation costs and improving marketization level are identified as two important policy instruments to enhance the role of energy market integration the findings support the argument for a more competitive cross province energy transfer policies and calls for more developed energy connectivity and associate institutional arrangements within china these policy implications may also be extended to the east asia summit region where energy market integration is being actively promoted

the electricity consumption and economic growth nexus evidence from greece abstract this paper attempts to cast light into the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in greece in a multivariate framework for this purpose we used cointegration techniques and the vector error correction model in order to capture short run and long run dynamics over the sample period 1970 2011 the empirical results reveal that in the long run electricity demand appears to be price inelastic and income elastic while in the short run the relevant elasticities are below unity we also argue that the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in greece is bi directional our results strengthen the notion that greece is an energy dependent country and well directed energy conservation policies could even boost economic growth furthermore the implementation of renewable energy sources should provide significant benefits ensuring sufficient security of supply in the greek energy system this evidence can provide a new basis for discussion on the appropriate design and implementation of environmental and energy policies for greece and other medium sized economies with similar characteristics

do oil consumption and economic growth intensify environmental degradation evidence from developing economies the purpose of this article is to empirically investigate the impact of economic growth oil consumption financial development industrialization and trade openness on carbon dioxide co2 emissions particularly in relation to major oil consuming developing economies this study utilizes annual data from 1980 to 2012 on a panel of 18 developing countries our empirical analysis employs robust panel cointegration tests and a vector error correction model vecm framework the empirical results of three panel cointegration models suggest that there is a significant long run equilibrium relationship among economic growth oil consumption financial development industrialization trade openness and co2 emissions similarly results from vecms show that economic growth oil consumption and industrialization have a short run dynamic bidirectional feedback relationship with co2 emissions long run error correction term bidirectional causalities are found among co2 emissions economic growth oil consumption

a structural var analysis of electricity consumption and real gdp evidence from the g7 countries in this paper we depart from the literature on electricity consumption real gdp in that for the first time we examine the reaction of real gdp to shocks in electricity consumption to achieve this goal we use the structural vector autoregressive svar model and examine the impact of electricity consumption shocks on real gdp for the g7 countries we find that except for the usa electricity consumption has a statistically significant positive impact on real gdp over short horizons this finding implies that except for the usa electricity conservation policies will hurt real gdp in the g7 countries

barriers to massachusetts forest landowner participation in carbon markets u s forests including family owned forests are important carbon sinks and sources for carbon sequestration family forest owners constitute a significant portion of the overall forestland in the u s but little is known about their preferences for participating in carbon sequestration programs the goal of this research is to understand what motivates massachusetts family forest owners to participate in carbon markets the study estimates the probability these landowners would engage in carbon sequestration programs using data from a survey of 930 massachusetts family forest owners results from a random effects ordered probit indicate that under a carbon scenario similar to the current voluntary scheme very few of these landowners would be interested in participating supply analysis indicates these landowners are more influenced to participate by factors other than price regression analysis results suggest that survey respondents are concerned about early withdrawal penalties additionality requirements and contract length forest owner harvesting plans opinions about forest usage and beliefs about climate change all play a significant role in the decision to participate the study suggests that policy makers should consider the reasons behind these low participation rates because private forest owners could play a pivotal role in the carbon sequestration potential of forests

are hypothetical referenda incentive compatible a comment in a recent article in this journal cummings al 1997 offer experimental evidence rejecting the hypothesis that a hypothetical referendum is an incentive compatible mechanism for obtaining the social value of or willingness to pay for changes in the allocation of environmental goods and services while cautions in offering a blanket rejection of hypothetical referenda as a means of measuring economic values on the basis of their findings the authors do suggest that at least in experimental settings respondents appear to behave differently when real money is changing hands wheather hypothetical situations adequately mimic real market situations has been debated in the contigent valuation literature since its inception see cummings brookshire and schulze 1986 cummings et al s finding of incentive incompatibility appears to offer strong evidence for the critics of hypothetical referenda

an international literature survey on energy economic growth nexus evidence from country specific studies in this paper an extensive review of the rapidly growing in the literature on the nexus between economic growth and four types of energy consumption total energy consumption electricity consumption nuclear consumption and renewable consumption the various hypotheses associated with the causal interaction between these variables along with a survey of the empirical literature are also discussed the survey focuses on country coverage periods modeling techniques and empirical conclusions a general observation from these studies that results are found to be sensitive to methodology and type of energy considered the empirical results for the specific countries surveyed show that i for energy consumption growth nexus 29 supported the growth hypothesis 27 the feedback hypothesis 23 the conservation hypothesis and 21 the neutrality hypothesis ii for the electricity consumption growth nexus 40 supported the growth hypothesis 33 the feedback hypothesis and 27 conservation hypothesis iii for the nuclear consumption growth nexus 60 supported the neutrality hypothesis and 40 the growth hypothesis and iv for the renewable consumption growth nexus 40 supported the neutrality hypothesis 40 the conservation hypothesis and 20 the growth hypothesis these mixed results may be attributed to the different used data selected variables and econometric approaches undertaken

literature survey on the relationships between energy environment and economic growth abstract the aim of this study is to exhibit an exhaustive survey which is related to the great flight of the literature of energy environment growth nexus at the individual and regional scale studies covering the period from 1978 to 2014 the survey takes into consideration the sample country region etc periods covering econometric strategies and conclusions our survey is based on the causality direction among i the energy use variables electricity nuclear renewable and non renewable and output growth ii between economic growth and environment and between the three variables at the same time globally these surveys provide paradoxical and not conclusive results which energy consumption can boost economic growth through the productivity enhancement and it can boost also the environmental damages through the enhancement of pollutant emissions our survey sheds more the lights on the energy environment growth literature by giving an extensive listing 1978 2014 of these causal linkages among the energy use variables environment and economic growth for both individual and collective cases there is a unanimous consensus about the importance of dealing with such dynamic relationship which is seems to be a cornerstone element in setting any ambition strategies energy ecological and economics

the hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth in asian countries evidence using an asymmetric cointegration approach this study examines the four commonly tested hypotheses in hydroelectricity consumption economic growth literature for 12 asian countries our results from a recently developed hidden cointegrati

electricity consumption growth nexus the case of malaysia abstract the goal of this paper is to model the relationship between electricity consumption and real gross domestic product gdp for malaysia in a bivariate and multivariate framework we use time series data for the period 1971 2003 and apply the bounds testing approach to search for a long run relationship our results reveal that electricity consumption real gdp and price share a long run relationship the results of the autoregressive distributed lag ardl estimates of long run elasticity of electricity consumption on gdp are found to be around 0 7 and statistically significant finally in the short run the results of the causality test show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from electricity consumption to economic growth in malaysia from these findings we conclude that malaysia is an energy dependent country leading us to draw some policy implications this paper adds support and validity thus reducing the policy makers concern on the ambiguity of the electricity and growth nexus in malaysia

the effect of energy on output per worker in the balkan peninsula a country specific study of 12 nations in the energy community in this paper we explore the long run co integration relationship between output per worker capital per worker and energy per worker for 12 countries in the balkan peninsula albania austria bulgaria cyprus greece hungary italy macedonia romania slovakia slovenia and turkey which are part of the energy community in line with the current developments in energy economics 62 we add to the literature by reviewing the elasticity coefficients for the 12 countries using the augmented solow 63 framework and the ardl bounds procedure 57 the causality nexus is explored using the toda and yamamoto 1995 procedure the results show that output capital and energy in per worker terms are co integrated we note that all countries have positive and statistically significant long run energy elasticity coefficients except for macedonia we note that energy is statistically significant in the short run for all other countries the causality results support the conservation hypothesis for 7 countries albania bulgaria cyprus hungary italy romania and turkey the growth hypothesis for 2 countries austria and macedonia and the feedback hypothesis for 3 countries greece slovakia and slovenia respectively

how much have electricity shortages hampered china s gdp growth abstract based on an econometric analysis of the annual growth data for china s gdp and electricity generation from 1953 to 2010 we find that electricity generation growth granger causes gdp growth but not vice versa we also find that the gdp elasticity of electricity generation is about 0 6 implying that a 1 increase in china s electricity generation growth would increase gdp growth by 0 6 while deng s reform raised china s gdp growth rate by about 5 per year it did not alter the gdp elasticity of electricity generation hence an obvious strategy to promote china s economic growth would be accelerating electricity generation expansion rapidly adding thermal generation units however could have large scale adverse environmental impacts we therefore support china s 2011 five year plan which calls for expanding investments in renewable energy conservation and energy efficiency as well as improving china s integrated electricity planning and cost based pricing decisions

energy consumption and income a semiparametric panel data analysis this paper proposes a semiparametric analysis for the study of the relationship between energy consumption per capita and income per capita for an international panel dataset it shows little evidence for the existence of an environmental kuznets curve for energy consumption energy consumption increases with income for a majority of countries and then stabilizes for very high income countries neither changes in energy structure nor macroeconomic cycle technological change have significant effect on energy consumption

energy consumption and economic growth evidence from china at both aggregated and disaggregated levels using a neo classical aggregate production model where capital labor and energy are treated as separate inputs this paper tests for the existence and direction of causality between output growth and energy use in china at both aggregated total energy and disaggregated levels as coal oil and electricity consumption using the johansen cointegration technique the empirical findings indicate that there exists long run cointegration among output labor capital and energy use in china at both aggregated and all three disaggregated levels then using a vec specification the short run dynamics of the interested variables are tested indicating that there exists granger causality running from electricity and oil consumption to gdp but does not exist granger causality running from coal and total energy consumption to gdp on the other hand short run granger causality exists from gdp to total energy coal and oil consumption but does not exist from gdp to electricity consumption we thus propose policy suggestions to solve the energy and sustainable development dilemma in china as enhancing energy supply security and guaranteeing energy supply especially in the short run to provide adequate electric power supply and set up national strategic oil reserve enhancing energy efficiency to save energy diversifying energy sources energetically exploiting renewable energy and drawing out corresponding policies and measures and finally in the long run transforming development pattern and cut reliance on resource and energy dependent industries

the influence of energy consumption of china on its real gdp from aggregated and disaggregated viewpoints abstract this paper investigated the causal relationship between energy consumption and gross domestic product gdp in china at both aggregated and disaggregated levels during the period of 1978 2009 by using a modified version of the granger 1969 causality test proposed by toda and yamamoto 1995 within a multivariate framework the empirical results suggested the existence of a negative bi directional granger causality running from aggregated energy consumption to real gdp at disaggregated level of energy consumption the results were complicated for coal empirical findings suggested that there was a negative bi directional granger causality running from coal consumption to real gdp however for oil and gas empirical findings suggested a positive bi directional granger causality running from oil as well as gas consumption to real gdp though these results supported the feedback hypothesis the negative relationship might be attributed to the growing economy production shifting towards less energy intensive sectors and excessive energy consumption in relatively unproductive sectors the results indicated that policies with reducing aggregated energy consumption and promoting energy conservation may boost china s economic growth

a literature survey on energy growth nexus abstract this paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of energy consumption economic growth and electricity consumption economic growth causality nexus the survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of energy electricity in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables although the positive role of energy on growth has become a stylized fact there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies a general observation from these studies is that the literature produced conflicting results and there is no consensus neither on the existence nor on the direction of causality between energy consumption electricity consumption and economic growth as a policy implication to avoid from conflicting and unreliable results the authors may use the autoregressive distributed lags bounds test two regime threshold co integration models panel data approach and multivariate models including new variables such as real gross fixed capital formation labor force carbon dioxide emissions population exchange rates interest rates etc thus the authors should focus more on the new approaches and perspectives rather than by employing usual methods based on a set of common variables for different countries and different intervals of time