immigration ethnic diversity and political outcomes evidence from denmark i study the impact of immigration and increasing ethnic diversity on political outcomes in immigrant receiving countries focusing on immigration and election outcomes in danish municipalities 1981 2001 a rich set of control variables isolates ethnic diversity eects from those of other immigrant characteristics and a novel iv strategy based on historical housing stock data addresses issues of endogenous location choices of immigrants increases in local ethnic diversity lead to right ward shifts in election outcomes by shifting electoral support away from traditional big government left wing parties and towards anti immigrant nationalist parties in particular these eects appear in both local and national elections

carbon emission performance evaluation and allocation in chinese cities abstract this paper presents a dea approach with multiple abatement factors to evaluate co2 emission performance and allocate co2 emission quotas in chinese cities we first consider the difference of marginal abatement costs among cities and construct the non radial directional distance function with multiple abatement factors the total factor co2 emission performance index and its dynamic change index are then proposed to measure co2 emission performance considering equity and efficiency we develop a composite index by the hybrid method to allocate emissions quota which considers co2 emissions as well as co2 emission performance then we conduct an empirical study using inputs and outputs dataset of 71 chinese cities in 2005 2012 chinese cities have poor energy efficiency and still have high co2 emissions the eastern region outperforms the central region and the western region performs worst whereas the dynamic co2 emission performance of the central region has the largest increase the change of co2 emission performance is driven mainly by technological advances as for the co2 emission allocation the composite index method encourages cities to reduce emissions and enhance emission performance through carbon trading market it also motivates cities with high historical emissions to reduce their emissions by improving technology when they have poor co2 emission performance

welfare magnet hypothesis fiscal burden and immigration skill selectivity in this paper we investigate the effect of welfare state generosity on the difference between skilled and unskilled migration rates and the role of mobility restriction in shaping this effect we utilize the free labor movement within the european union plus norway and switzerland eur and the restricted movement from outside the eur in order to compare the free migration regime to the restricted migration regime we find strong support for the magnet hypothesis under the free migration regime and the fiscal burden hypothesis under the restricted migration regime even after controlling for differences in educational quality and returns to skills in source and host countries

coalition formation and bargaining protocols a review of the literature this paper offers a review of the vast literature regarding bargaining and coalition formation this topic has been generally described as the attempt to provide strategic foundations to cooperative solution concepts it can therefore be seen as the linking ring between the non cooperative and the cooperative game theoretic approach to coalition formation its central role in economic theory and its relatively long history that goes back to the nash program have fostered a large academic production including surveys nonetheless this paper will focus on an aspect that is often neglected in the dedicated surveys the specificities of the bargaining protocols leading to different outcomes although generally downgraded to the rank of details the differences in bargaining protocols even when minor can cause significant changes in fundamental aspects such as the possibility to reach full cooperation the distribution of final pay offs and the time taken to reach an agreement focused on externalities free games therefore on bargaining protocols sustaining solution concepts for cooperative games in characteristic function form the paper aims at providing a brief but exhaustive review of the topic that could result in a very useful tool for any researcher approaching the subject of coalitional bargaining

immigration and the diffusion of technology the huguenot diaspora in prussia abstract this paper analyzes long term effects of skilled worker immigration on productivity for the huguenot migration to prussia in 1685 religiously persecuted french huguenots settled in brandenburg prussia and compensated for population losses due to plagues during the thirty years war we combine huguenot immigration lists from 1700 with prussian firm level data on the value of inputs and outputs in 1802 in a unique database to analyze the effects of skilled immigration to places with underused economic potential exploiting this settlement pattern in an instrumental variable approach we find substantial long term effects of huguenot settlement on the productivity of textile manufactories jel j24 j61 l67 n33 n63 o33 o47

an introduction to the economics of immigration in oecd countries the share of the foreign born in oecd countries is increasing and this article summarizes economics research on the effects of immigration in those nations four broad topics are addressed labor market issues fiscal questions the political economy of immigration and productivity international trade extreme concerns about deleterious labour market and fiscal impacts following from new immigrants are not found to be warranted however it is also clear that government policies and practices regarding the selection and integration of new migrants affect labour market fiscal and social cultural outcomes policies that are well informed well crafted and well executed beneficially improve population welfare

the impact of immigration on the structure of wages theory and evidence from britain immigration to the uk particularly among more educated workers has risen appreciably over the past 30 years and as such has raised labor supply however studies of the impact of immigration have failed to find any significant effect on the wages of native born workers in the uk this is potentially puzzling since there is evidence that changes in the supply of educated natives have had significant effects on their wages using a pooled time series of british cross sectional micro data on male wages and employment from the mid 1970s to the mid 2000s this paper offers one possible resolution to this puzzle namely that in the uk natives and foreign born workers are imperfect substitutes we show that immigration has primarily reduced the wages of immigrants and in particular of university educated immigrants with little discernable effect on the wages of the native born

the dynamics of immigrant participation in entitlement programs evidence from canada 1993 2007 using uniquely rich canadian administrative data from the 1993 2007 period i find no evidence of rising employment insurance ei participation across recent immigrant cohorts and no evidence of rising ei participation with number of years spent in canada beyond the short period following entrance into the canadian labour market i also find little evidence of the rising immigrant participation in social assistance sa either across recent arrival cohorts or with years in canada the results do not appear to be seriously affected by emigration and attrition within each immigrant cohort while the immigrant participation in traditional welfare programs such as social assistance has generally declined from 1993 to 2007 i show that canada child tax benefit and other federal and provincial programs aimed at providing financial assistance to families with children have become a major source of transfer income to immigrant families a l aide de donnees administratives canadiennes particulierement riches pour la periode 1993 2007 on decouvre qu il n y a pas d evidence de participation plus elevee au programme d assurance emploi ae d une cohorte d immigrants recents a l autre dans le temps non plus que d evidence de participation accrue a l ae des immigrants recents avec le nombre d annees passees au canada si ce n est pour la courte periode qui suit l entree dans le marche du travail canadien on ne trouve que peu de support pour l hypothese de participation accrue a l assistance sociale as tant d une cohorte a la suivante qu avec le nombre d annees passees au canada ces resultats ne semblent pas affectes par l emigration ou l attrition a l interieur de chaque cohorte alors que la participation des immigrants aux programmes de bien etre traditionnels comme l assistance sociale ont generalement decline entre 1993 et 2007 on montre que la prestation fiscale canadienne pour enfants et autres programmes federaux et provinciaux visant a fournir de l assistance financiere aux familles avec enfants sont devenus une source majeure de revenus de transfert pour les familles d immigrants

the coalitional nash bargaining solution the coalitional nash bargaining solution is defined to be the core allocation for which the product of players payoffs is maximal we consider a non cooperative model with discounting in which one team may form and every player is randomly selected to make a proposal in every period the grand team consisting of all players generates the largest surplus but a smaller team may form we show that as players get more patient if an efficient and stationary equilibrium exists it must deliver payoffs that correspond to the coalitional nash bargaining solution we also characterize when an efficient and stationary equilibrium exists which requires conditions that go beyond the nonemptiness of the core

efficient coalitional bargaining with noncontingent offers abstract a new feature pertaining to proposer s ability to implement offers is introduced in the extensive form bargaining mechanism studied in okada 1996 this mechanism is used to analyze the coalitional setting of strictly supermodular games the new feature in the mechanism is that the proposer has a choice to implement his proposal with any subset of responders who have accepted it thus the institutional feature of every responder has veto power is relaxed here it is shown that for all sufficiently high discount factors there exists an efficient subgame perfect equilibrium in pure stationary strategies sspe whose limiting outcome is the core constrained nash bargaining solution moreover all efficient sspe are payoff equivalent in the limit as 1

elderly immigrants on welfare the difference between immigrants and natives use of welfare programs in the united states is concentrated among the elderly this paper examines the determinants of immigrants welfare participation decisions to evaluate the consequences of changes in immigration and welfare policy an important finding for immigration policy is that immigrants who arrive after age 55 are significantly more likely to use welfare than the typical immigrant who arrives during prime working years surprisingly this age at arrival effect is not explained by differences in social security benefits between young arrivers and old arrivers the problem of immigrant welfare use is not simply low incomes or poor labor market performance decisions regarding take up of benefits are an important explanation for the effect of age at arrival finally the sharp rise in immigrants use of welfare during the 1980s was due mostly to higher welfare participation rates of new immigrants excerpt

educated preferences explaining attitudes toward immigration in europe recent studies of individual attitudes toward immigration emphasize concerns about labor market competition as a potent source of anti immigrant senti ment in particular among less educated or less skilled citizens who fear being forced to compete for jobs with low skilled immigrants willing to work for much lower wages we examine new data on attitudes toward immigration available from the 2003 european social survey in contrast to predictions based on conventional argu ments about labor market competition which anticipate that individuals will oppose immigration of workers with similar skills to their own but support immigration of workers with different skill levels we find that people with higher levels of educa tion and occupational skills are more likely to favor immigration regardless of the skill attributes of the immigrants in question across europe higher education and higher skills mean more support for all types of immigrants these relationships are almost identical among individuals in the labor force that is those competing for jobs and those not in the labor force contrary to the conventional wisdom then the connection between the education or skill levels of individuals and views about immigration appears to have very little if anything to do with fears about labor market competition this finding is consistent with extensive economic research show ing that the income and employment effects of immigration in european economies are actually very small we find that a large component of the link between educa tion and attitudes toward immigrants is driven by differences among individuals in cultural values and beliefs more educated respondents are significantly less racist and place greater value on cultural diversity than do their counterparts they are also more likely to believe that immigration generates benefits for the host economy as a whole

on the convergence to the nash bargaining solution for action dependent bargaining protocols we consider a non cooperative multilateral bargaining game and study an action dependent bargaining protocol that is the probability with which a player becomes the proposer in a round of bargaining depends on the identity of the player who previously rejected an important example is the frequently studied rejector becomes proposer protocol we focus on subgame perfect equilibria in stationary strategies which are shown to exist and to be efficient equilibrium proposals do not depend on the probability to propose conditional on the rejection by another player we consider the limit as the bargaining friction vanishes in case no player has a positive probability to propose conditional on his rejection each player receives his utopia payoff conditional on being recognized otherwise equilibrium proposals of all players converge to a weighted nash bargaining solution where the weights are determined by the probability to propose conditional on one s own rejection

immigration and wage dynamics evidence from the mexican peso crisis how does the us labor market absorb low skilled immigration i address this question using the 1995 mexican peso crisis an exogenous push factor that raised mexican migration to the us in the short run high immigration states see their low skilled labor force increase and native low skilled wages decrease with an implied local labor demand elasticity of 7 internal relocation dissipates this shock spatially in the long run the only lasting consequences are for low skilled natives who entered the labor force in high immigration years a simple quantitative many region model allows me to obtain the counterfactual local wage evolution absent the immigration shock

assimilation changes in cohort quality and the earnings of immigrants this paper reexamines the empirical basis for two facts that seem to be found in most cross section studies of immigrant earnings 1 the earnings of immigrants grow rapidly as they assimilate into the united states and 2 this rapid growth leads to many immigrants overtaking the earnings of the natives within 10 15 years after immigration using the 1970 and 1980 u s censuses this paper studies the earnings growth experienced by specific immigrant cohorts during the period 1970 80 it is found that within cohort growth is significantly smaller than the growth predicted by cross section regressions for most immigrant groups this differential is consistent with the hypothesis that there has been a secular decline in the quality of immigrants admitted to the united states

cultural diversity and economic growth evidence from the us during the age of mass migration we exploit the large inflow of immigrants to the us during the 1870 1920 period to examine the effects that within county changes in the cultural composition of the us population had on output growth we construct measures of fractionalization and polarization to distinguish between the different effects of cultural diversity our main finding is that increases in cultural fractionalization significantly increased output while increases in cultural polarization significantly decreased output we address the issue of identifying the causal effects of cultural diversity by using the supply push component of immigrant inflows as an instrumental variable

the visible minority earnings gap across generations of canadians abstract to what extent the earnings gaps facing canada s visible minorities reflect discrimination is a question of tremendous policy interest this paper argues that failing to account for the limited canadian ancestry of visible minorities overestimates discrimination if immigrant assimilation is an intergenerational process using the 2001 and 2006 canadian censuses weekly earnings conditional on a rich set of worker and job characteristics are compared with child immigrant second and third and higher generation canadian men the results reveal a tendency for earnings to increase across subsequent generations of visible minority but not white men though the pattern is strongest between the first and second generation for black men it is also evident between the canadian born with and without a canadian born parent despite this progress for most visible minority groups earnings gaps are identified even among third and higher generation canadians

revisiting the relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution comment in this paper we return to the question raised in dahlberg et al 2012 concerning a causal relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution a re analysis of their study indicates that results are based on an endogenous instrument and severe sample attrition bias correcting for either of these two problems reveals that there is no relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution more generally we provide results that put into question the conventional description of the swedish refugee placement policy

a noncooperative theory of coalitional bargaining the authors explore a sequential offers model of n person coalitional bargaining with transferable utility and with time discounting their focus is on the efficiency properties of stationary equilibria of strictly superadditive games when the discount factor delta is sufficiently large it is shown that delay and the formation of inefficient subcoalitions can occur in equilibrium the latter for some or all orders of proposer however efficient stationary equilibrium payoffs converge to a point in the core as delta approaches one strict convexity is a sufficient condition for there to exist an efficient stationary equilibrium payoff vector for sufficiently high delta

a noncooperative view of coalition formation and the core a noncooperative implementation of the core is provided for games with transferable utility the implementation obtained here is meant to reflect the standard motivation for the core as closely as possible in the model proposed time is continuous this idealized treatment of time is most amenable for capturing an essential feature of the core there is always time to reject a noncore proposal before it is consumated

migration and cross border financial flows migration facilitates the flow of information between countries thereby reducing informational frictions that potentially hamper cross country financial flows using a gravity model migration is found to be highly correlated with financial flows from the migrant s host country to her home country the correlation is strongest where information problems are more acute e g between culturally more distant countries for asset types that are more informational sensitive and for the type of migrants that are most able to enhance the flow of information on their home countries namely skilled migrants these differential effects are interpreted as evidence for the role of migration in reducing information frictions between countries

a noncooperative coalitional bargaining game with random proposers abstract we extend the stahl rubinstein s alternating offer model ton person coalitional bargaining the key feature of the model is the random selection of proposers at every round no delay of agreement occurs in equilibrium for a super additive game in contrast to the fixed order model of chatterjeeet al rev econ stud 60 1993 463 477 when the discount factor of future payoffs is sufficiently high the agreement on the grand coalition is reached if and only if it has the largest value per capita among all coalitions moreover in the limit as the discount factor goes to one all players divide equally the value of the grand coalition regardless of who makes a proposal journal of economic literatureclassification numbers c72 c73 c78

order independent equilibria we study a noncooperative game of coalition formation based on an underlying game in coalitional form we introduce order independent equilibria oie a strategy profile is an oie if for any specification of first movers in the sequential game it remains an equilibrium and leads to the same payoff our results are 1 payoffs in oie that use pure stationary strategies must be in the core of the underlying game in coalitional form 2 if the underlying game has the property that all its subgames have nonempty cores then for each payoff vector there exists an oie with the same payoff journal of economic literature classification numbers c70 c71 c72 c78