environmental efficiency evaluation of industry in china based on a new fixed sum undesirable output data envelopment analysis national natural science funds of china for innovative research groups 70821001 national natural science funds of china 70901069 71222106 71203186 research fund for the doctoral program of higher education of china 20133402110028 fundamental research funds for the central universities wk 2040150007 china scholarship council

dynamics of productivity taking into consideration the impact of energy consumption and environmental degradation abstract this study deals with the nonparametric frontier analysis in the case of the eu 28 countries for a period spanning from 1993 to 2015 it provides statistical inference about the radial output based measure of technical efficiency under the assumption of constant returns to scale crs and it performs scale analysis that allows determining the nature of scale inefficiency of each data point furthermore an order approach is developed for determining partial frontiers both traditional malmquist luenberger and bootstrapped malmquist productivity indexes between 1993 and 2015 are constructed analysis of productivity change by decomposing the total factor productivity index into efficiency change and technical change is performed showing respectively whether productivity gains derive mainly from improvements in efficiency or are mostly the result of technological progress in this sense the results can provide european policy makers with an improved understanding of the process of technological and efficiency change helping them to improve the design of their environmental and energy policies

determining the optimal carbon tax rate based on data envelopment analysis carbon tax policy is widely used to control greenhouse gases and how to determine a suitable carbon tax rate is very important for policy makers considering the trade off between environmental protection and economic development in an industry regulated by carbon tax policy we consider two competing firms who sell ordinary products and green products respectively in order to promote the firm who sells ordinary product to reduce carbon emissions the government of china imposes carbon tax on the ordinary products for the government three objectives are considered when it makes carbon tax policy they are increasing the government revenue reducing the government expenditure and decreasing the carbon emissions for the firms it is important to explore their pricing strategies taken into account of the government tax policy to find an optimal carbon tax rate and to achieve the three objectives simultaneously we consider this as a multiple criteria decision making problem hence we propose to use a centralized data envelopment analysis dea approach to solve it we find that when one firm produces ordinary products and the other produces green products the government may set a high tax rate while when both firms sell ordinary products the optimal tax policy for each firm is different and the government may impose a higher tax rate for one firm and a lower tax rate for the other firm

assessing regional environmental efficiency in china with distinguishing weak and strong disposability of undesirable outputs abstract china has developed a remarkable economic growth in the past 30 years by accompanying with undesirable outputs the assumptions of weak and strong of undesirable outputs have become the focus discussion in data envelopment analysis dea models to have a comprehensive environmental efficiency measurement this paper proposes three dea models considering weak disposability strong disposability and distinguishing weak and strong disposability of undesirable outputs respectively we further combine with the malmquist luenberger productivity index to assess the environmental efficiency and the dynamic change trend of 30 provinces in china from 2005 to 2014 the results show that distinguishing technical features of undesirable outputs makes a significant difference to final environmental efficiency score at different regions the environmental efficiency of the whole nation however does not show any increasing trend during the ten years enhancing environmental efficiency of central and west area is an urgent task for chinese government the change trend of malmquist luenberger productivity index and technological change shows a similar shape technical progress is the main driving force to enhance the environmental efficiency relevant suggestions are presented for improving the regional environmental efficiency in china in the future

does environmental regulation affect energy efficiency in china s thermal power generation empirical evidence from a slacks based dea model abstract data envelopment analysis dea has gained much popularity in performance measurement of power industry this paper presents a slack based measure approach to investigating the relationship between fossil fuel consumption and the environmental regulation of china s thermal power generation we first calculate the total factor energy efficiency without considering environmental constraints an environmental performance indicator is proposed through decomposing the total factor energy efficiency the proposed approach is then employed to examine whether environmental regulation affects the energy efficiency of china s thermal power generation we find that the environmental efficiency plays a significant role in affecting energy performance of china s thermal generation sector decreasing the discharge of major pollutants can improve both energy performance and environmental efficiency besides we also have three main findings 1 the energy efficiency and environmental efficiency were relatively low 2 the energy and environmental efficiency scores show great variations among provinces 3 both energy efficiency and environmental efficiency are of obvious geographical characteristics according to our findings we suggest some policy implications

measuring ecological efficiency with data envelopment analysis dea abstract the measurement of ecological efficiency provides some important information for the companies environmental management ecological efficiency is usually measured by comparing environmental performance indicators data envelopment analysis dea shows a high potential to support such comparisons as no explicit weights are needed to aggregate the indicators in general dea assumes that inputs and outputs are goods but from an ecological perspective also bads have to be considered in the literature bads are treated in different and sometimes arbitrarily chosen ways this article aims at the systematic derivation of ecologically extended dea models starting from the assumptions of dea in production theory and activity analysis a generalisation of basic dea models is derived by incorporating a multi dimensional value function f extended preference structures can be considered by different specifications of f e g specifications for ecologically motivated applications of dea

regional environmental efficiency in china an empirical analysis based on entropy weight method and non parametric models abstract while vigorously developing its economy china is attaching more and more importance to environmental protection and pollution control in different regions of china however there are great differences in economic development and the degree of environmental pollution in this study we use the entropy weight method to calculate the pollution indexes of different regions from 2015 to 2017 then we evaluate the chinese regional environmental efficiency based on a new non parametric frontier model moreover a new set of ranking interval models that treat the undesirable outputs as inputs is proposed to further describe the regional disparities of the environmental efficiency between different regions with robustness finally we conduct an empirical analysis by combining the stepwise regression and principal component analysis to identify the most influential variables that may affect regional environmental efficiency according to the results the southeast region of china performs best in environmental efficiency followed by the northeast region then the southwest region and the worst is the northwest region for managerial implications we find that the investment of high education and the development of the it industry can significantly increase regional environmental efficiency more importantly the results of the principal component analysis provide the government with a set of variables to strategically select the most appropriate strategy

non parametric productivity analysis with undesirable outputs an application to the canadian pulp and paper industry this article extends the chavas cox approach to non parametric analysis by incorporating undesirable outputs to provide a more complete representation of the production technology inner and outer non parametric technology bounds are constructed the methods are illustrated with application to time series data for the canadian pulp and paper industry conventional measures that ignore changes in pollutant outputs underestimate true productivity growth further there is a large gap between estimates generated with reference to inner and outer bounds to the technology suggesting that researchers need to be aware of the limitations of results derived from analyses relying only on dea methods copyright 2001 oxford university press

evaluation of china s electric energy efficiency under environmental constraints a dea cross efficiency model based on game relationship abstract the traditional data envelopment analysis dea model ignores the cooperation relationship among decision making units dmus so it is difficult to evaluate the dmus efficiency reasonably in this study we use a cross efficiency model considering the game relationship of dmus to evaluate and analyze the provincial electric energy efficiency of china the power industry panel data of china s 30 provinces from 2005 to 2014 are used to evaluate the energy efficiency of china s provincial power industry under environmental constraints in addition based on the obtained values of electric energy efficiency clustering analysis is implemented and the regional similarity in electric energy efficiency is analyzed the results indicate that in the past decade china s provincial electric energy efficiency has not significantly improved and efficiency values have a certain degree of volatility especially in western china in general the electric energy efficiency of eastern china is significantly higher than central and western china the clustering analysis further demonstrates that there is no polarization phenomenon in china s electric energy efficiency in recent years the electric energy efficiency of western china has been greatly improved with significant volatility it reveals that the electric energy efficiency of western china is sensitive to the environment the implementation of energy policies should be adapted to local conditions in the process of formulating policies for improving electric energy efficiency the provincial government should improve the regional opening up layout and establish effective coordination mechanisms among different regions

an investment analysis for china s sustainable development based on inverse data envelopment analysis abstract in the face of environmental degradation sustainable development has become a common goal across the globe making a scientifically based investment scheme is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of china s economy however there is scarce research related to such an investment scheme of sustainable development this paper proposes a new inverse data envelopment analysis method with undesirable outputs to make several scientifically based investment schemes from different perspectives namely the natural regulation and optimal perspectives by this method decision makers can scientifically forecast the specific amount of investment based on their actual sustainable development objectives which is conducive for reducing the blindness of investment in the future in addition a new ideal perspective is defined to guide a definite direction for improving the level of sustainable development combined with the gray forecasting model gm 1 1 the methods proposed by this paper were then applied to analyze the investment problem for china s sustainable development during the 2015 2024 period the results show that the unbalanced distribution of labor investment and the excessive investment in capital and energy are serious barriers to china s sustainable development in the short term and in the long term the demand for investment in labor and capital will continue to increase along with a lower demand for energy investment and that appropriately strengthening environmental regulations will not affect the overall demand for investment meanwhile improvement directions for improving china s sustainable development are discussed and the results show that most of developing and undeveloped regions in china have great potential for improvement finally some suggestions are proposed in order to create better conditions for china s sustainable development

modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation abstract data envelopment analysis dea measures the relative efficiency of decision making units dmus with multiple performance factors which are grouped into outputs and inputs once the efficient frontier is determined inefficient dmus can improve their performance to reach the efficient frontier by either increasing their current output levels or decreasing their current input levels however both desirable good and undesirable bad factors may be present for example if inefficiency exists in production processes where final products are manufactured with a production of wastes and pollutants the outputs of wastes and pollutants are undesirable and should be reduced to improve the performance using the classification invariance property we show that the standard dea model can be used to improve the performance via increasing the desirable outputs and decreasing the undesirable outputs the method can also be applied to situations when some inputs need to be increased to improve the performance the linearity and convexity of dea are preserved through our proposal

multilateral productivity comparisons when some outputs are undesirable a nonparametric approach multilateral productivity comparisons of firms producing multiple outputs some of which are undesirable are obtained by making two modifications to the standard farrell approach to efficiency measurement the restriction that production technology satisfy strong disposability of outputs is relaxed to allow for the fact that undesirable outputs may be freely disposable and the efficiency measures are modified to allow for an asymmetric treatment of desirable and undesirable outputs performance measures that satisfy these requirements are calculated as solutions to programming problems the methodology is applied to a sample of mills producing paper and pollutants

dynamic environmental performance analysis a malmquist index approach abstract this article presents a general framework for dynamic environmental performance analysis by generalizing the approach proposed by kuosmanen and kortelainen kuosmanen t kortelainen m 2005 measuring eco efficiency of production with data envelopment analysis journal of industrial ecology 9 4 59 72 from a static to a dynamic setting for this purpose we construct an environmental performance index epi by applying frontier efficiency techniques and a malmquist index approach compared to other dynamic environmental productivity and efficiency analysis approaches based on these methods our approach builds on the standard definition of eco efficiency as it is presented in the ecological economics literature recognizing the importance to analyze the sources of environmental performance changes we show how changes in overall environmental performance can be decomposed into changes in relative eco efficiency and shifts in environmental technology respectively we apply the presented technique at the macro level to dynamic environmental performance analysis of 20 member states of the european union in 1990 2003 according to the results environmental technical change mostly explains the improvement in overall environmental performance while relative eco efficiency change has been minor for most countries during the sample period

efficiency evaluation of regional energy saving and emission reduction in china a modified slacks based measure approach abstract china s economic reform and opening policy has resulted in china s rapid growth especially in terms of economy unfortunately the growth has brought about huge consumption of energy and increasing emission of environmental pollution little research has been done which pays close attention to the efficiency evaluation of regional energy saving and emission reduction even though such evaluation is considered a crucial method in the fight to save resources and protect the environment aiming at evaluating the efficiency of regional energy saving and emission reduction of china we firstly construct an evaluation index system for input and output selection then a modified slacks based measure model is applied to measure the performance of energy saving and emission reduction an empirical study is done on 30 of mainland china s provincial level regions the results show that the energy saving and emission reduction efficiencies of the regions in china are generally at a low level more precisely china s regional regions performed really badly in energy saving although their emissions results are passable barely to resolve this problem several policy recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of regional energy saving and emission reduction of china

on the relative unimportance of a balanced budget this paper explores the reasoning underlying milton friedman s preference for a small unbalanced budget over a large balanced one because the marginal return from government spending is less than the marginal cost measured in terms of the amount of income private individuals remain free to spend government expenditures have more of an adverse impact on the economy in his view than does the method of financing that spending using a panel data set comprising the 50 states plus the district of columbia we report evidence from the years 1967 through 1992 that growth rates in income per capita tend to be higher in states with smaller public sectors moreover we find that while both deficits and taxes reduce the rate of income growth in a state the negative impact of government spending is considerably larger at the margin

credibility may require discretion not rules abstract we reexamine the common argument that rules produce greater credibility than discretion rules limit the actions of agents restricting observations of the agents preferences or types in a second best world where rules cannot be everlasting a regime of discretion in some periods may produce superior credibility and dominate a regime of rules

the impact of industrial structure efficiency on provincial industrial energy efficiency in china abstract regional disparity in terms of industrial energy efficiency is noticeable in china due to the unbalanced economic progress in past decades analyzing the provincial industrial energy efficiency and its influencing factors is of great significance to formulate differentiated policies to date the influence of many social economic factors on the industrial energy efficiency have been examined but the impact of the inter industry structure has almost been ignored in this paper the slacks based measure model incorporating undesirable output is applied to evaluate the industrial energy efficiency both at the provincial level and the sectoral level in china for the period 2010 to 2016 then industrial structure efficiency is introduced which reflects the inter industry structure and takes the sectoral level energy efficiency into consideration and the impact of the industrial structure efficiency on provincial industrial energy efficiency is tested by tobit regression model the results show that huge discrepancies of provincial industrial energy efficiency exist and the industrial structure efficiency is confirmed to be a determinative factor to the provincial industrial energy efficiency with the coefficient of 0 525 policy recommendations are provided for adjusting the provincial inter industry structure and improving the industrial energy efficiency

will airline efficiency be affected by carbon neutral growth from 2020 strategy evidences from 29 international airlines abstract in this paper the impact of the carbon neutral growth from 2020 cng2020 strategy on airline efficiency is analyzed based on the predicted data of 29 international airlines during 2021 2023 the data is predicted through neural network following the principle of cng2020 strategy we calculate the emission limit for each airline two models network range adjusted measure with natural disposability and network range adjusted measure with managerial disposability are proposed to discuss the efficiency change when the cng2020 strategy is considered the following findings are gotten 1 under natural disposability the indices related with undesirable output have a larger role in deciding benchmarking airline 2 for most of the 29 airlines cng2020 strategy has little influence on their efficiency

the effect of government size on the unemployment rate recent empirical studies have revealed that the size of government is inversely related to economic growth and technical efficiency evidence is presented linking the size of government to reported unemployment rates for the industrial countries during recent years this finding helps to explain the empirical link between government size and poor macroeconomic performance

environmental efficiency and abatement cost of china s industrial sectors based on a three stage data envelopment analysis abstract china has gained the reputation of global factory due to its phenomenal industrial growth over the past decades at the same time its industrial energy consumption has resulted in serious environmental problems accordingly there is an urgent and critical need to reduce industrial carbon emissions at a minimum cost without hampering the country s economic development the dual targets for carbon emission intensity and amount from the 12th five year 2011 2015 plan make it necessary to investigate the environmental efficiency and reduction costs of different sectors this study employs a three stage data envelopment analysis model based on a directional distance function approach with radial and non radial slacks of desirable and undesirable outputs considered to measure the environmental efficiency and marginal co2 emission abatement costs of china s 37 two digit industries during 2005 2014 based on the environmental efficiency and abatement cost of the industrial sectors we reached the following conclusions first the adjusted estimates differ significantly from the results that do not consider the influence of environmental factors and it is essential to consider the heterogeneity of industries in proposing emission reduction strategies in addition the stimuli for the smelting and pressing of metal industries result in cost reduction and the supervision on the top nine emitters and the equipment manufacturing industries should be strengthened finally the industrial sectors with large abatement potential are classified into short term and long term key target industries according to the emission abatement cost analyses

environmental efficiency of land transportation in china a parallel slack based measure for regional and temporal analysis abstract as the second largest economic entity in the world china plays an important role in controlling global carbon dioxide co 2 emissions the land transportation sector including railway transportation and road transportation has been the most important source of emissions in china and the average co 2 emissions of land transportation were 529 31 million tons during the period 2009 2012 in this study a parallel slack based measure data envelopment analysis model is proposed which is used for evaluating the overall efficiency of the land transportation sector and individual efficiencies of the railway transportation and highway transportation subsectors at the same time considering co 2 emissions the empirical results lead to three conclusions a only anhui province is efficient each year during 2009 2012 b the environmental efficiency of the eastern area in china is the best followed by the central area with the western area being the worst c the performance of railway transportation is better than that of highway transportation these three conclusions lead to policy suggestions to promote highway transportation technological innovation and narrow the regional imbalances in land transportation this paper makes two main contributions the model advances improvements to methods used in the data envelopment analysis technique and also provides governments with a practical and yet easy to adopt perspective to implement land transportation performance measurement that aids in decision making

environmental efficiency analysis of china s regional industry a data envelopment analysis dea based approach abstract china s economic has got remarkable achievements during the past 30 years which has brought tremendous pressure on natural resources and serious environmental pollution at the same time in this paper we aim to make environmental efficiency analysis of china s regional industry data envelopment analysis dea method is incorporated and the slacks based measure sbm model considering undesirable outputs is introduced to measure the environmental efficiency of different regions big data theory is introduced in the collection and selection of the input and output data of the regions further we evaluate the environmental efficiencies of china s industry using data from 2008 to 2012 the results show that apart from several developed provinces the environmental efficiencies of china s industry are generally low and the environmental efficiencies of the regions did not show any increasing trend through the past 5 years additionally lager differences exist in environmental efficiencies between the regions in china finally we suggest the chinese government to focus on the low environmental efficiencies and the unbalanced development of its regional industry

environmental regulations environmental governance efficiency and the green transformation of china s iron and steel enterprises abstract based on micro level enterprise panel data from 2005 to 2014 a slack based global data envelopment analysis dea model and a global malmquist luenberger index model are used to calculate the environmental governance efficiency ege of china s iron and steel enterprises ises then the different effects of two types of environmental regulation on ege of china s ises are analysed the results show that the overall level of ege for china s ises has remained low over the past 10 years the total factor environmental governance efficiency tfege presents a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2014 and the decline in tfege is mainly attributed to the technical progress change index gtpch moreover the bootstrap dea method is used for bias correction and the correction efficiency values are all within the confidence interval improving the accuracy of ege evaluation the regression analysis results show that different types of environmental regulations exert heterogeneous effects on tfege the relationship between market incentive environmental regulation and tfege has an inverted u shaped implying that although market incentive environmental regulation may improve the tfege in the short term continuously increasing this intensity would inhibit it however command control environmental regulation and tfege have a positive but not significant relationship