an empirical model of job to job transition with self selectivity the statistical relationship between accepted job duration and the job to job transition strategy chosen by job quitters is analyzed using parametric duration methods because job quitters can sort themselves between unemployed and employed search the labor market state occupied before acceptance of a new job must contain information about the search preferred strategy the results show that jobs preceded by unemployment tend to be shorter but also reveal a substantial amount of heterogeneity when the sample is split between those having comparative advantages in unemployed search and those with comparative advantages in employed search however even for those who have comparative advantages in unemployed search choosing unemployment does not seem to raise subsequent job duration

migration age and earnings the special case of employee transfers the regional relocation of workers within firms is examined this aspect of migration has received little attention in spite of the routine occurance of employee transfers the existence of such transfers suggests that a portion of each worker s human capital is employer specific and readily transferrable across locations thus a different age profile for transfers than that for conventional migrants may be expected specially a model of employee relocation and the consequences of relocation on post transfer earnings is examined

international scientist mobility and the locus of knowledge and technology transfer abstract despite the growing interest of scholars and policymakers to better understand the determinants for researchers in public science to transfer knowledge and technology to firms little is known how temporary international mobility of scientists affects both their propensity to engage in knowledge and technology transfer ktt as well as the locus of such transfer based on a sample of more than 950 german academics from science and engineering faculties we investigate how the duration and the frequency of scientists visits at research institutions outside their home country affect ktt activities we find that most mobile scientists engage in ktt to firms both in the host and in their home country suggesting that ktt activities to firms abroad do not substitute or crowd out but complement ktt to firms in the home country we further find that the longer research visits abroad are the higher the likelihood that scientists engage in ktt to firms again both in the host and the home country however the more frequently scientists visit institutions abroad the more likely they are to engage in ktt to firms only in their home country our results therefore provide evidence for the benefits of brain circulation the article contributes to the growing strand of the literature on scientist mobility and on the determinants of industry science linkages at the individual level

the consequences of minimum wage laws some new theoretical ideas economists generally agree that the effect of a binding minimum wage law is to move firms backward along the demand curve for low skill workers however this prediction of worker displacement depends critically on the assumption that the productivity of firms labor is not dependent on the wage in this paper we show that in a conventional efficiency wage model a minimum wage may increase the level of employment in low wage jobs the formal logic of our model is similar to the case of labor demand under monopsony but arises in a model with a large number of employers

the effectiveness of a reemployment bonus abstract this paper investigates the effectiveness of the recently proposed reemployment bonus relative to the regular unemployment insurance benefits in a model where endogenous search effort plays a crucial role and the bonus is fully portrayed as an incentive contract

the changing nature of the international business field and the progress of jibs the journal of international business studies jibs is a journal with a high academic standing and the leading journal in the field of international business ib research it has become more open to new authors and to a wider range of ib scholarship ib scholars study cross border aspects of business activity some recent jibs special issues have facilitated certain innovative new streams of ib research both the authors and the reviewers of the journal have become substantially more geographically diverse recently

is there a threat effect of labour market programmes a study of almp in the danish ui system this article focuses on unemployed individuals reaction to compulsory labour market programmes prior to participation in denmark after having received ui benefits for a given period of time continued benefits are made conditional on participation in a labour market programme i estimate individuals reaction to compulsory programmes using legislative changes in the duration of benefits period as identification i find that compulsory programmes do indeed motivate individuals to find employment prior to participation the effect is large and is even comparable in size to the effect of benefits exhaustion found in studies of american ui systems

an evaluation of active and passive labour market policy this paper reports results of an empirical study on the effectiveness of labour market policy data from austria france germany great britain sweden and the united states are used to apply a simultaneous equation model with wages and employment being the endogenous variables in order to explain employment the amount of unemployment benefits per unemployed passive labour market policy and payment for wage subsidies and training per employed and unemployed person active labour market policy are used in addition to real wages and output wages and output have their expected impact on total employment it turns out that passive labour market policy has a negative and active labour market measures a positive effect on the number of persons employed

human capital versus sorting the effects of compulsory attendance laws under the educational sorting hypothesis a state compulsory school attendance law will increase the educational attainment of high ability workers who are not directly affected hy the law under the human capital hypothesis such laws affect only those individuals whose hehavior is directly constrained we find that compulsory attendance laws do increase enrollment rates in age groups they do not affect directly thus our results contradict the human capital hypothesis and are consistent with the sorting hypothesis i introduction the last decade has seen considerable debate between supporters of the human capital and sorting models of education the former assert that the effect of education on wages reflects increased productivity the latter maintain that it reflects at least in part correlation between education and unobserved ability workers use education to signal their ability while employers use education to screen workers despite the importance of the debate no fully convincing tests of the hypotheses have been developed in fact many members of the profession maintain at least privately that these hypotheses cannot be tested against each other and that the debate must therefore be relegated to the realm of ideology in this paper we show that the models can be tested against each other by examining the effects of state compulsory school attendance laws we show that under the human capital hypotheis such laws will affect the educational attainment only of those who in the absence of the law would have left school prior to the minimum school leaving age on the other hand under the sorting hypothesis the effects of the law will percolate through the system increasing educational attainment even among workers not directly constrained by the law our results are consistent with the predictions of the sorting model

unemployment insurance and male unemployment duration in canada a model of unemployment duration is estimated with weekly micro data on canadian men entitlement provisions in the unemployment insurance program and demand conditions are found to have a significant effect on the probability of leaving unemployment the probability of a worker leaving unemployment declines with the duration of unemployment holding unemployment insurance entitlement constant when entitlement is allowed to vary the probability of leaving first falls and then generally rises with unemployment duration these results are robust with respect to allowing for person specific unobserved heterogeneity and alternative specifications of duration dependence

the impact of the potential duration of unemployment benefits on the duration of unemployment abstract this paper examines the impact of the potential duration of unemployment insurance ui benefits on unemployment in the united states first we use a large sample of household heads to examine differences in the unemployment spell distributions of ui recipients and nonrecipients sharp increases in the escape rate from unemployment both through recalls and new job acceptances are apparent for ui recipients around the time of benefits exhaustion such increases are not apparent at similar points of spell duration for nonrecipients second our analysis of accurate administrative data from 12 states indicates that a one week increase in potential benefit duration increases the average duration of the unemployment spells of ui recipients by 0 16 to 0 20 weeks

search effort and unemployment insurance reconsidered in this paper the impact that receipt of unemployment benefit has on job search effort is investigated utilizing data drawn from the 1984 labour force survey reduced form search effort equations are estimated conditional on the decision to seek work

estimating a structural search model the transition from school to work this paper presents a finite horizon search model that is econometrically implemented using all of the restrictions impli ed by the theory following a sample of male high school graduates fr om the youth cohort of the national longitudinal surveys from graduat ion to employment search parameters are estimated reservation wages and offer probabilities are estimated to be quite low simulations a re performed of the impact of changing the parameters on the expected duration of unemployment copyright 1987 by the econometric society

the globalization of our mental maps evaluating the geographic scope of jibs coverage this article analyzes patterns of country coverage in the journal of international business studies during the twenty five years of its existence the analysis shows a substantial expansion in the journal s geographic reach over the years but also a somewhat narrow mental map with many countries and areas receiving only minimal coverage explanations for country preferences among researchers are explored and implications for the future are discussed

does unemployment compensation affect unemployment duration abstract we use a flexible hazard rate model with unrestricted spell duration and calendar timeeffects to analyse a dataset including all norwegian unemployment spells during the1990 s the dataset provides a unique access to conditionally independent variation inunemployment compensation we find that a marginal increase in compensation re duces the escape rate from unemployment significantly irrespective of business cycleconditions and spell duration the escape rate rises sharply in the months just prior tobenefit exhaustion while men are more responsive than women with respect to mar ginal changes in compensation women are most responsive with respect to benefitexhaustion keywords unemployment spells business cycles unemployment compensation non parametric duration analysis jel classification c41 j64 the ragnar frisch centre for economic research oslo we wish to thank the re search council of norway for financial support and christian brinck harald goldstein costas meghir espen moen steinar strom rolf aaberge and three anonomyous referees for helpful comments cor respondence to knut roed the ragnar frisch centre for economic research gaustadalleen 21 0349oslo norway e mail knut roed frisch uio no

estimating the effect of counseling and monitoring the unemployed using a job search model this paper examines the impact of the counseling and monitoring program for the unemployed with particular reference to their job finding rate application intensity and matching probability the effectiveness of counseling and monitoring is measured by using a job search model in which the job finding rate is equal to the product of the application intensity and the matching probability counseling and monitoring is an intensive job search assistance program designed to help unemployed people receiving unemployment benefits to find a job as quickly as possible the empirical analysis is based on data from a social experiment a sample of the inflow into unemployment was randomly assigned to a treatment and a control group the empirical results based on formal reduced form models show that counseling and monitoring does reduce the time taken to find a job because people participating in the program make more applications than those who are not participating although no differences are found in matching probabilities

can welfare abuse be welfare improving abstract i analyze quantitatively a model of labor search with unemployment insurance ui savings voluntary quits and various labor attachment requirements in particular i study welfare consequences of a powerful reform giving ui entitlement to workers quitting their jobs voluntarily in order to search for another one results of the model calibrated to the us labor market show that there may be significant welfare gains associated with pursuing a generous entitlement policy for quitters as compared to the us status quo moreover i employ the assumption of monetary search costs and show that it can explain the empirically documented unemployed worker search behavior finally by inducing different unemployment benefit eligibility requirements the model identifies a concrete policy that could help us understand differences in the unemployment rate match quality and income inequality between the us and europe

attrition in panel survey data and the estimation of multi state labor market models in the analysis of labor market transitions spells that are incomplete due to panel survey attrition are treated as spells that are subject to independent right censoring it is likely however that the unobserved characteristics affecting individual transitions on the labor market are related to those affecting the attitude toward survey participation in that case the transition rate estimates are inconsistent in this paper we analyze the relation between durations spent in labor market states and the duration of panel survey participation by explicitly modeling and estimating both stochastic processes we use multi state multi spell models which allow for stochastically related unobserved determinants

unemployment duration stigma and re employment earnings a nonstationary model of individual labor market histories where the distribution of wages offers depends on elapsed unemployment duration and where unemployment compensation is claimed for a limited period only is estimated from sample information on completed unemployment duration accepted earnings and accepted job duration and can identify movements in the reservation wages induced by human capital loss from those caused by benefit exhaustion the results indicate that individuals seem to be much more sensitive to benefit exhaustion than human capital loss the estimated structural parameters provide an explanation for the existence of a statistical relationship between continuous unemployment and accepted job durations

search behaviour transitions to non participation and the duration of unemployment using longitudinal micro data on unemployed individuals for 1983 85 a structural job search model is estimated the model allows for transitions from unemployment to nonparticipation an extended version of the model deals with the influence of on the job search and prospective wage increases on search behavior of the unemployed the empirical results show that the probability of accepting a job offer is almost one for most unemployed individuals a large portion of unemployment spells ends in a transition out of the labor force the effects of changes in benefits on duration appear to be extremely small copyright 1990 by royal economic society

search benefits and entitlement in a simultaneous analysis of unemployment duration and search intensity we estimate a non structural search model accounting explicitly for two features of the benefit system benefit level and time remaining until exhaustion of the entitlement period residual entitlement special attention is paid to the number of search contacts as an indicator for search intensity to assess the effect of the benefit level and residual entitlement on the number of search contacts we estimate a poisson model our results suggest that benefits work through a reduction of search efforts whereas residual entitlement is effective mainly through the reservation wage

optimal unemployment insurance in search equilibrium should unemployment benefits be paid indefinitely at a fixed rate or should the rate decline or increase over a worker s unemployment spell we examine these issues using an equilibrium model of search unemployment the model features worker firm bargaining over wages free entry of new jobs and endogenous search effort among the unemployed the main result is that an optimal insurance program implies a declining benefit sequence over the spell of unemployment numerical calibrations of the model suggest that there may be nontrivial welfare gains associated with switching from an optimal uniform benefit structure to an optimally differentiated system

a search model applied to the transition from education to work this paper presents the specification and estimation of a search model applied to the transition from education to work the theoretical search model includes the possibility of variable search intensity the empirical model with a reservation wage relation is estimated using maximum likelihood methods a data set containing information on new law graduates is used for the estimation finally the model is estimated for two separate subperiods to investigate the effects of market changes

heterogeneity and unemployment dynamics many previous articles have studied the contribution of inflows and outflows to the cyclical variation in unemployment but ignored the critical role of unobserved heterogeneity across workers thi

unemployment benefits and search effort in the uk labour market in this paper the impact that receipt of unemployment benefit has on job search effort is investigated utilizing data drawn from the 1984 labor force survey reduced form search effort equations are estimated conditional on the decision to seek work after controlling for potential selectivity bias personal characteristics and demand conditions those claiming benefit are shown to search more extensively than nonclaimants benefit claimants maintain a clear attachement to the labor market and appear more able to prolong search effort receipt of unemployment benefit increases the likelihood of contacting a job vacancy copyright 1991 by the london school of economics and political science

historical evolution of technological diversification a positive relationship exists between national technological size and technological diversification across fields of innovative activity this paper shows how the nature of this relationship has changed historically there has been a downward structural shift in the cross country size diversification frontier since 1965 for any given size countries have become less diversified or more narrowly concentrated in their technological specialisation one explanation is that international technology sourcing by mnes has led locations to focus on what they do best a supporting factor may be a rise in technological interrelatedness which encourages focus upon a specific selection of complementary combinations

is unemployment insurance addictive evidence from the benefit durations of repeat users the author finds evidence that the past occurrence of a spell of insured unemployment lengthens the duration of future spells descriptive statistics from canadian administrative data covering mid 1971 to early 1990 suggest that unemployment insurance ui claimants tend to spend a longer and longer time collecting benefits with each additional claim they make this finding contradicts the implication of static neoclassical models that successive ui spells should be of the same length the author hypothesizes that the stigma attached to receiving unemployment benefits erodes with each new ui claim an individual files

unemployment insurance and unemployment spells this paper tests the effects of the level and length of unemployment insurance benefits on unemployment durations the paper particularly studies individual behavior during the weeks just prior to when benefits lapse higher unemployment insurance benefits are found to have a strong negative effect on the probability of leaving unemployment however the probability of leaving unemployment rises dramatically just prior to when benefits lapse individual data are used with accurate information of spell durations and the level and length of benefits the semiparametric estimation techniques used in the paper yield more plausible estimates than conventional approaches and provide useful diagnostics copyright 1990 by the econometric society

some estimates of the effects of unemployment insurance on re employment duration abstract this paper examines how re employment spell durations are affected by the potential unemployment benefit period an ex ante notion and benefit exhaustion an ex post notion the extent to which benefit duration affects re employment duration is found to depend on the nature of the separation

unemployment duration and individual heterogeneity a regional study this paper investigates the impact of individual heterogeneity and regional influences on unemployment duration utilizing cross section microeconomic data drawn from a representative random survey of individual job seekers for the english county of kent these individual level data are unique in that they provide information concerning the personal characteristics of job seekers alongside direct observations of both their reservation wages and job search behaviour such data are rare and to the authors knowledge have never before been utilized in a regional context thus the paper contributes to the empirical literature by analysing the extent to which individual heterogeneity and intra regional variation in labour market opportunities impact upon the observed distribution of unemployment duration s in particular the paper analyses the extent to which the duration of unemployment is determined by individual choice this is an important issue for the formation and evaluation of policy these result

climbing out of poverty falling back in measuring the persistence of poverty over multiple spells this paper investigates the persistence of poverty over individuals life times using a hazard rate approach that accounts for multiple spells of poverty and incorporates spell duration individual and household characteristics and unobserved heterogeneity the findings highlight the importance of considering multiple spells in an analysis of poverty persistence with half of those who end poverty spells returning to poverty within four years accounting for multiple spells shows that approximately 50 percent of blacks and 30 percent of whites falling into poverty in some year will have family income below the poverty line in five or more of the next ten years

the changing landscape of jibs authorship in this study we examine the landscape of jibs authorship over time to assess 1 the accessibility of jibs to new contributors and 2 the diversity of authors contributing to jibs our analysis of author data from 1972 to 2014 shows that jibs is becoming more accessible as indicated by the high and sustained proportion of first time contributors to the journal this is also evident from the recent decline in the share of authors with multiple past jibs publications with regard to diversity our findings show that jibs has a much wider geographic scope of authors on its landscape in comparison to previous decades this may be attributed partly to increasing travel and communication in scholarly communities and partly to the increased migration of scholars in the recent decades our analysis of migration patterns of jibs authors suggests that about 51 of prominent international business scholars are employed outside their country of birth of the 49 employed in their country of birth 12 are return migrants in our sample china south korea and canada have the highest number of returnees the usa the uk germany the netherlands and china have the highest number of natives whose country of birth country of phd granting institution and country of university affiliation are identical