adoption of digital repositories for co2 emissions reduction the case of korea abstractthis study aims to estimate the potential economic benefits energy and co2 emissions reductions when using trusted third party digital repository ttpr services in one individual bank and within the banking industry in korea first the cost benefit and net benefit of using ttpr services in the banking industry are estimated second the net induced output effect is estimated third based on an environmentally extended input output analysis co2 emissions reduction was estimated as 1924 32 tons in 2009 and the energy consumption reduction as 640 70 toe fourth the total economic benefit which is the sum of the net induced output effect and economic value of co2 emissions reductions is approximately 11 04 million the findings demonstrate that energy consumption and co2 emissions reductions are meaningful enough to result in significant economic benefits therefore the korean government should promote the use of ttpr services in the entire industry

exploring the effects of energy consumption on output per worker a study of albania bulgaria hungary and romania in this article we explore the long run cointegration between output capital and energy consumption in per worker terms for albania bulgaria hungary and romania we use the augmented solow 1956 model and the ardl bounds procedure pesaran et al 2001 to examine the short run and long run effects of energy and capital on output in per worker terms we also conduct causality test using the toda and yamamoto 1995 non causality procedure our results show the existence of long run cointegration between output per worker and energy per worker for all the four countries we find that energy per worker have a dynamic short run positive effect in albania 0 37 bulgaria 0 25 hungary 0 36 and romania 0 68 and a long run positive effect in bulgaria 0 32 and romania 0 63 which duly indicate that energy consumption has a momentous long run effect in these two countries the causality results indicate a unidirectional causation from output per worker to energy per worker for all the four countries and from capital per worker to energy per worker for albania and romania consequently a balance between effective energy consumption and sound energy conservation policies are likely to support economic growth in the four countries

studying the relationship between economic growth co2 emissions and the environmental kuznets curve in venezuela 1980 2025 abstract this work tries to determine whether it is possible to stabilize co2 emissions under a rapid increase of gross domestic product in a medium term the paper is an effort to study in detail how changes in the driving forces of the economy affect co2 emissions we study the case of venezuela for the period 1980 2025 using the methodology proposed by robalino lopez et al 2014 2013 1 2 which is based on an extension of the kaya identity and on a gdp formation approach that includes the effect of renewable energies we test the environmental kuznets curve ekc 3 hypothesis in a coming future under different economic scenarios considering therefore not only past data but also projections for the coming years we use cointegration techniques 4 and the jaunky 2011 5 specification to test the fulfillment of the ekc hypothesis in venezuela our predictions show that venezuela does not fulfill the ekc hypothesis but however the country could be on the way to achieve environmental stabilization in the medium term this stabilization could be accomplished combining economic growth with increasing use of renewable energy appropriated changes in the energy matrix and in the productive sectoral structure

energy consumption and economic growth in the light of meeting the targets of energy policy in the eu the bootstrap panel granger causality approach abstract the aim of the paper is to assess linkages between energy consumption and economic growth in the light of compliance with the eu energy policy targets stated in the climate and energy package for 2020 in the european union member states in the period 1993 2011 the study is divided into two main stages during the first one using cluster analysis methods four groups of countries which met three energy policy targets stated in the package at similar levels were identified during the second stage the bootstrap granger panel causality approach proposed by konya 2006 was used to verify the hypothesis of causality between energy consumption and economic growth in the countries from four groups created in the previous step the global financial crisis was also taken into account the results obtained reveal that the level of compliance with energy policy targets influences linkages between energy consumption and economic growth the results indicate causal relations in the group of countries with the greatest reduction of greenhouse gas emissions the highest reduction of energy intensity and the highest share of renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption in the remaining groups the results mostly confirm the neutrality hypothesis

disaggregate energy consumption employment and income in turkey the purpose of this paper is to contribute to literature on energy consumption and economic growth relationship by examining how much of the variance in national income growth can be explained by the growth of different sources of energy consumption and employment in turkey we use the recently developed generalized forecast error variance decomposition technique of koop et al j econom 74 1996 119 and pesaran and shin econ lett 58 1998 17 to determine the information content of the growth rate of energy consumption waste seems to have the largest initial impact followed by oil however over a 3 year horizon lignite appears to explain the largest forecast error variance of gdp the total energy consumption explains 21 of forecast error variance of gdp energy consumption appears to be almost as important as employment in turkey therefore policy makers may be interested in identifying the energy dependencies of economic growth in allocating the energy investment budget

the causality relationship between energy consumption and gdp in g 11 countries revisited abstract this paper explores whether energy conservation policies can be implemented in countries with the same level of development that is is restraining energy consumption without compromising economic growth feasible in all industrialized countries a new granger non causality testing procedure developed by toda and yamamoto 1995 journal of econometrics 66 225 250 is applied to re investigate the relationship if any between energy consumption and income in 11 major industrialized countries the results clearly do not support the view that energy consumption and income are neutral with respect to each other except in the case of the united kingdom germany and sweden where a neutral relationship is found bi directional causality in the united states and uni directional running from energy consumption to gdp in canada belgium the netherlands and switzerland are found this indicates that energy conservation may hinder economic growth in the latter five countries further the causality relationship appears to be uni directional but reversed for france italy and japan which implies that in these three countries energy conservation may be viable without being detrimental to economic growth

co2 emissions non renewable and renewable electricity production economic growth and international trade in italy abstract this paper applies the autoregressive distributed lag ardl bounds testing approach to cointegration to investigate the dynamic causal relationships between co2 emissions per capita real gdp per capita per capita non renewable electricity production and per capita renewable electricity production and international trade in the case of italy from 1960 to 2011 we find cointegration among these variables in the presence of possible structural breaks and we overcome the problem of multicollinearity in the research design the environmental kuznets curve ekc hypothesis is validated analytically because the estimated pollution model indicates that economic growth leads to less pollution over time per capita renewable electricity production reduces the level of co2 emissions per capita in the short run and in the long run whereas international trade only impacts positively upon carbon dioxide emissions per capita in the long run international trade granger causes co2 emissions per capita and non renewable electricity production per capita moreover the results depict the existence of the long run unidirectional granger causality relation running from output per capita to renewable electricity production per capita and from non renewable electricity production per capita to renewable electricity production per capita the findings indicate that renewable electricity production is a key solution in reducing pollutant emissions over time this result should be of concern to policy makers

energy consumption real income and temporal causality results from a multi country study based on cointegration and error correction modelling techniques abstract unlike previous studies on the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth this paper illustrates how the finding of cointegration i e long term equilibrium relationship between these variables may be used in testing granger causality based on the most recent johansen s multivariate cointegration tests preceded by various unit root or non stationarity tests we test for cointegration between total energy consumption and real income of six asian economies india pakistan malaysia singapore indonesia and the philippines non rejection of cointegration between variables rules out granger non causality and imples at least one way of granger causality either unidirectional or bidirectionial secondly by using a dynamic vector error correction model we then analyse the direction of granger causation and hence the within sample granger exogeneity or endogeneity of each of the variables thirdly the relative strength of the causality is gauged through the dynamic variance decomposition technique by decomposing the total impact of an unanticipated shock to each of the variables beyond the sample period into proportions attributable to shocks in the other variables including its own in the bivariate system results based on these tools of methodology indicate that while all pair wise relationships shared common univariate integrational properties only relationships for three countries india pakistan and indonesia were cointegrated for these countries temporal causality results were mixed with unidirectional causality from energy to income for india exactly the reverse for indonesia and mutual causality for pakistan the vdcs were not inconsistent with these results and provided us with an additional insight as to the relatively more dominant direction of causation in pakistan simple bivariate vector autoregressive models for the three non cointegrated systems did not indicate any direction of causality significantly in either direction

competitive search equilibrium in this paper i construct an equilibrium for markets with frictions which is competitive in the sense that all agents are price takers and maximize utility subject to a set of market parameters i show that the equilibrium allocation is socially optimal i also show how the competitive search equilibrium can be achieved if employers with vacancies can advertise publicly the wages they pay

useful exergy is key in obtaining plausible aggregate production functions and recognizing the role of energy in economic growth portugal 1960 2009 abstract the role of energy in economic growth is controversial models based on aggregate production functions apf range from the neoclassical which downplay energy due to a cost share theorem but typically rely on exogenous total factor productivity tfp to the ecological economic which acknowledge energy s importance the validity of the apf concept itself is questioned here we apply cointegration analysis to identify apfs between output capital labor and possibly energy measured as primary energy or useful exergy we test for tfp growth by including a time trend we require that plausible apfs verify cointegration non negative output elasticities and granger causality linking inputs to output our method recognizes cases where a plausible apfs do not exist thereby addressing the apf critique b energy impacts growth directly c energy impacts growth indirectly through capital and labor we apply the method to portugal 1960 2009 considering standard and quality adjusted capital labor measures with a time trend or disregarding energy plausible apfs are never found without a trend plausible apfs are found only when considering capital energy labor combinations within these with quality adjusted capital and labor and useful exergy results are consistent with the cost share theorem but energy plays a central role through a constraint on all factors of production

energy consumption and gdp causality relationship in g 7 countries and emerging markets abstract the causality relationship between energy consumption and income is a well studied topic in energy economics this paper studies the time series properties of energy consumption and gdp and reexamines the causality relationship between the two series in the top 10 emerging markets excluding china due to lack of data and g 7 countries we discover bi directional causality in argentina causality running from gdp to energy consumption in italy and korea and from energy consumption to gdp in turkey france germany and japan hence energy conservation may harm economic growth in the last four countries

education ranking and competition for jobs i study workers incentives to invest in general human capital education in the presence of search induced unemployment workers queue for jobs and firms prefer to hire the most productive applicants because of rent sharing as a result an unemployed worker s ranking relative to other job seekers will influence his job finding rate this creates a rat race where workers invest in education partly in order to achieve a better ranking in equilibrium identical workers may have incentives to diversify in terms of education and the investments in education may exceed the socially optimal level

participation recruitment selection and the minimum wage this paper reexamines the efficiency of participation with heterogeneous workers in a search matching model with bargained wages and free entry assuming that firms hire their best applicants we state that participation is insufficient whatever workers bargaining strengths the reason for this is that when holding a job the marginal participant should receive the entire output as a consequence introducing a small minimum wage raises participation job creation and employment therefore the aggregate income of the economy is enhanced

on the nexus of financial development economic growth and energy consumption in china new perspective from a gmm panel var approach abstract this paper studies the endogenous relationships among financial development energy consumption and economic growth in china by applying a gmm panel var approach with a panel data of 30 chinese provinces over the period 1996q1 2015q4 financial development is measured by six individual indicators and by a comprehensive indicator obtained through the pca method we also account for regional heterogeneity by dividing our sample into three regions eastern region central region and western region we underline our findings in three aspects first financial development measured by most individual indicators m2 credit revenue of the insurance industry and stock market value and the comprehensive one has a significantly negative impact on economic growth second energy consumption can significantly contribute to economic growth in all regions while no feedback effect is found except in the western region this result is further supported by the granger causality tests last financial development in the sense of m2 credit stock turnover and the comprehensive indicator can significantly lessen energy consumption in all regions but this inhibitory effect is found to be largest in the western region followed by the eastern region and be smallest in the central region the granger causality tests confirm further the existence of heterogeneity across regions a bidirectional granger causality between the two variables is found in the eastern region a unidirectional granger causality running from energy consumption to financial development is identified in the central region and no significant causal relationship shows up in the western region our findings provide valuable policy implications for china heading for a green economic growth

energy consumption prices and economic growth in three ssa countries a comparative study in this paper we examine the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in three sub saharan african countries namely south africa kenya and congo drc we incorporate prices as an intermittent variable in a bivariate setting between energy consumption and economic growth thereby creating a simple trivariate framework using the ardl bounds testing procedure we find that the causality between energy consumption and economic growth varies significantly across the countries under study the results show that for south africa and kenya there is a unidirectional causal flow from energy consumption to economic growth however for congo drc it is economic growth that drives energy consumption these findings have important policy implications insofar as energy conservation policies are concerned in the case of congo drc for example the implementation of energy conservation policies may not significantly affect economic growth because the country s economy is not entirely energy dependent however for south africa and kenya there is a need for more energy supply augmentations in order to cope with the long run energy demand in the short run however the two countries should explore more efficient and cost effective sources of energy in order to address the energy dependency problem

the relationship between energy demand and real gdp growth rate the role of price asymmetries and spatial externalities within 34 countries across the globe abstract the aim of this paper is to empirically explore the relationship between energy demand and real gross domestic product gdp growth and to investigate the role of regional externalities on per capita final energy consumption fec in 34 countries during the period from 2005 to 2013 the paper utilizes a dynamic panel generalized method of moments dpggm approach and spatial econometric techniques in order to analyse the effect of real gdp growth rate on fec through an error correction model ecm and to examine clustered patterns of energy consumption the results show that a the demand is elastic both in the industrial and the household services sectors b electricity and natural gas are demand substitutes c the relationship between real gdp growth rate and per capita energy consumption exhibits an inverted u shape for all the sample countries under scrutiny 34 countries eurozone and eu28 but not for all the employed sectors of the economy d price electricity and gas and gdp growth asymmetries are supported from the employed parametric tests and e distance does not affect per capita fec but economic neighbours have a strong positive effect

minimum wage effects on labor market outcomes under search matching and endogenous contact rates building upon a continuous time model of search with nash bargaining in a stationary environment we analyze the effect of changes in minimum wages on labor market outcomes and welfare although minimum wage increases may or may not lead to increases in unemployment in our model they can be welfare improving to labor market participants on both the supply and demand sides of the labor market we discuss identification of the model using current population survey data on accepted wages and unemployment durations and show that by incorporating a limited amount of information from the demand side of the market it is possible to obtain credible and precise estimates of all primitive parameters we show that the optimal minimum wage in 1996 depends critically on whether or not contact rates can be considered to be exogenous and we note that the limited variation in minimum wages makes testing this assumption problematic

underemployment on the job search and the beveridge curve abstract this paper derives the implications of on the job search for unemployment dynamics and shows how the initial jump in market tightness is influenced by the search behaviour of employed workers the model predicts that the vacancy unemployment ratio can either overshoot or undershoot its steady state value in response to a change in the productivity of jobs

the right man for the job this paper describes a search model with a continuum of worker and job types free entry and transferable utility we apply a second order taylor expansion to characterize the equilibrium derive the cost of search and show that it is decreasing in the substitutability of worker types this cost of search is then decomposed into three components unemployment vacancy costs and mismatch our contact technology rules out congestion effects between different worker types and therefore exhibits increasing returns to scale one third of those increasing returns in contacts are shown to be absorbed by firms and workers being more choosy the resulting equilibrium is not efficient unemployment benefits can reduce the loss by serving as a search subsidy numerical simulations of the model show that our taylor expansions are quite accurate 2004 the review of economics studies limited

electricity consumption employment and real income in australia evidence from multivariate granger causality tests this paper examines the relationship between electricity consumption employment and real income in australia within a cointegration and causality framework we find that electricity consumption employment and real income are cointegrated and that in the long run employment and real income granger cause electricity consumption while in the short run there is weak unidirectional granger causality running from income to electricity consumption and from income to employment

effects of financial development economic growth and trade on electricity consumption evidence from post fukushima japan abstract this study examines the long run and short run effects of financial development economic growth export imports and capital on the japanese energy predicaments as a result of the foregoing energy crisis in the country to ensure a robust outcome the study applied the extended cobb douglas production function and used time series data from 1970 to 2012 following to this structural break unit root test ardl bounds test approach to cointegration and the johansen cointegration test were applied in addition the vecm granger causality framework was used in determining the causal relationship between the variables the findings of the study establish that in the long run a 1 rise in financial development economic growth exports and imports in japan will exert a significant pressure on the japanese electricity consumption by 0 2429 0 5040 0 0921 and 0 2193 respectively however capital was found to decline energy consumption in all material respect in the short run the study discovered how a 1 rise in the dynamics of financial development economic growth exports and imports to add to the japanese electricity predicaments by 0 2210 0 5840 0 0521 and 0 2031 respectively the existence of the feedback relationship between most of the variables was discovered while economic growth exports imports and trade openness were found to granger cause electricity consumption the study advocates the adoption of massive but competitive renewable energy system in japan how it should be done and why it should be done are carefully set by this study

the impact of energy consumption and economic development on ecological footprint and co2 emissions evidence from a markov switching equilibrium correction model abstract reducing the impact of air pollution and global environmental degradation on human health and quality of life for qatari citizens represents the most important objective of the qatar national vision 2030 with respect to this vision this study investigates the effects of economic growth energy consumption trade openness urbanization and financial development on environmental degradation by using the markov switching equilibrium correction model with shifts in both the intercept and income per capita slope for the period 1970 2015 unlike existing studies and in addition to the co 2 emissions pollutant this paper uses the total ecological footprint and ecological carbon footprint as new proxies of environmental degradation empirical results show strong evidence for cointegration with markov shifts in particular our results show that the non control for breaks can hide the true relationship among variables the results show also that when controlling for breaks the environment kuznets curve ekc hypothesis holds for the co 2 emissions and ecological carbon footprint pollutants and the u shaped behavior holds for the total ecological footprint moreover the results show that these two behaviors ekc and u shaped are regime dependent regarding the other explanatory variables the results show that trade openness and urbanization worsen ecological footprint however the electricity consumption and financial development are positively related to the ecological footprint and negatively related to ecological carbon footprint and co 2 emissions finally we found evidence for the growth hypothesis for both pollutants based on these results a detailed economic energy and environmental policy is proposed and discussed for the case of qatar

residential electricity demand dynamics in turkey abstract this article provides fresh empirical evidences for the income and price elasticies of the residential energy demand both in the short run and long run for turkey over the period 1968 2005 using the bounds testing procedure to cointegration the computed elasticities of income and price are consistent with the previous studies and as expected the long run elasticities are greater than the short run elasticities an augmented form of granger causality analysis is implemented among residential electricity income price and urbanization in the long run causality runs interactively through the error correction term from income price and urbanization to residential energy but the short run causality tests are inconclusive the parameter stability of the short run as well as long run coefficients in the residential energy demand function are tested the results of these tests display a stable pattern

renewable energy oil prices and economic activity a granger causality in quantiles analysis this paper analyzes the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption oil prices and economic activity in the united states from july 1989 to july 2016 considering all quantiles of the distribution although the concept of granger causality is defined for the conditional distribution the majority of papers have tested granger causality using conditional mean regression models in which the causal relations are linear we apply a granger causality in quantiles analysis that evaluates causal relations in each quantile of the distribution under this approach we can discriminate between causality affecting the median and the tails of the conditional distribution we find evidence of bi directional causality between changes in renewable energy consumption and economic growth at the lowest tail of the distribution besides changes in renewable energy consumption lead economic growth at the highest tail of the distribution our results also support the unidirectional causality from fluctuations in oil prices to economic growth at the extreme quantiles of the distribution finally we find evidence of lower tail dependence from changes in oil prices to changes in renewable energy consumption our findings call for government policies aimed at developing renewable energy markets to increase energy efficiency in the u s

inconsistency of economic growth and electricity consumption in china a panel var approach abstract china has the largest electricity system in the world which is undergoing a critical market reform based on the panel data in 2000 to 2016 of china this paper tries to explain theinconsistency between electricity consumption and economic growth for example in 2015 gdp growth rate was close to 6 9 but with only 2 9 growth in electricity consumption however in 2018 a 6 6 growth in gdp required an 8 5 electricity growth the results explain the reasons for inconsistency and identify the key factors we find that the increase in inventory fixed capital and industrial electricity consumption will narrow the gap when economy grows faster than electricity consumption and widen the gap on the contrary heterogeneity exists among regions the model and variables seem most convincing in explaining the situation in the western region which is most similar to the full sample of china feedback effect is also observed between electricity consumption and economic growth in most parts of china by granger test the findings provides suggestions for the policy makers in making power planning in an effort to avoid large power shortage or surplus

energy policy and energy market performance the argentinean case in the early 1990s argentina liberalized and privatized the energy system trending to a total market oriented system and abandoning the use of energy policy since 2004 as a result of a boom in energy demand and constrains in energy supply argentina has gone through an energy problem mainly related to natural gas and electricity which derived in energy shutdowns in this frame this study explores the role of energy policy and institutions in argentina with the aim of discussing whether it has been properly used to contrast the observed lack of coordination between fossil energy reserves management and the demand of fuels in power generation the results of the analysis enhance the relevance of regulatory and control authorities as well as the active use of long run energy policy for the energy system performance in order to avoid coordination failures between subsectors of the system the relevance of energy consumption for the development process and the particular characteristics of energy systems require a wide planning perspective

the relation between chinese economic development and energy consumption in the different periods since the 1980s chinese economy grew rapidly with the rapid economic growth chinese energy consumption sharply increased the relation between chinese energy consumption and economic growth is focused on and many researchers have studied this issue by applying the methods such as granger causality test however the results just reveal the relation in a very long period in this paper the history of chinese economy is divided into four periods and the relation between chinese energy consumption and economic growth is examined by applying grey incidence analysis which is one of the most important methods of grey system theory which can be applied to solve the problems with small samples the results show that the relations in different periods are not the same the degree of grey incidences between total energy consumption and values added of secondary industry is larger and the degree of grey incidences between gdp and consumption of coal is larger too and the policy implications of these results are explained

energy consumption and economic growth in the next 11 countries the bootstrapped autoregressive metric causality approach abstract departing from previous literature using bootstrapped autoregressive metric causality approach which is more robust against non stationarity and break problems than lag augmented tests this study analyzes causal relation between economic growth and energy consumption in the next 11 countries estimating a trivariate model consisting of gdp per capita energy consumption per capita and gross capital formation it was found that the neutrality hypothesis is valid for all of the countries except for turkey these findings imply that energy conservation oriented policies should be implemented in bangladesh egypt indonesia iran korea mexico pakistan and philippines in the case of turkey a unidirectional causal nexus was found from energy consumption to economic growth since the growth hypothesis is valid energy conservation policy poses an obstacle for economic growth in turkey

the electricity consumption versus economic growth of the polish economy abstract the aim of this contribution is an investigation of causal interdependences between electricity consumption and gdp in poland our research was conducted for total electricity consumption as well as for the industrial consumption of electricity in order to reflect the causality between gdp and electricity consumption properly we performed our investigations in a three dimensional framework with employment chosen as an additional variable we used reliable quarterly data from the period q1 2000 q4 2009 in order to check the stability of the causalities the investigations were performed on two samples a full sample and a pre crisis i e q1 2000 q3 2008 subsample we applied both traditional methods and some recently developed econometric tools we found feedback between total electricity consumption and gdp as well as between total electricity consumption and employment we also found unidirectional causality running from industrial electricity consumption to employment and no direct causal links between industrial electricity consumption and gdp in addition all these findings were in general not seriously affected by the financial and economic crises of 2008 a significant exception is the causal effect of industrial electricity consumption on employment which was more pronounced after the crisis of 2008

exploring the relationship between energy use and economic growth with bivariate models new evidence from g 7 countries abstract there is a rapidly growing literature on the interaction between energy use and economic development with many analysts drawing policy conclusions on the basis of granger causality tests that involve only an energy and an economic variable this paper attempts to demonstrate empirically that such studies although useful for certain applications may be of limited use for policy purposes after outlining theoretical and methodological issues associated with such approaches i apply bivariate energy economy causality tests for canada france germany italy japan the united kingdom and the united states using aggregate and sectoral data and three different modern econometric methods the results which are often contradictory or economically implausible illustrate explicitly that one should be cautious when drawing policy implications with the aid of bivariate causality tests on small samples i therefore underline the importance of utilizing as large sample sizes as possible and using multivariate models which are closer to economic theory accommodate several mechanisms and causality channels and provide a better representation of real world interactions between energy use and economic growth

dynamics of electricity consumption oil price and economic growth global perspective this study uses the data from 157 countries from 1960 to 2014 to analyze the relationship between economic growth electricity consumption oil prices capital and labor the economic growth of developing countries with industrial infrastructure has a more significant association with electricity consumption than oil prices we use oil prices and electricity consumption jointly to study highly predictive observations for economic growth the data are categorized by income oecd and regional levels the panel cointegration long run parameter estimation and pool mean group tests are used to analyze the cointegration and short run and long run relationships between the variables the empirical results indicate the presence of cointegration between the variables the presence of feedback effects between electricity consumption and economic growth oil prices and economic growth is valid these findings confirm that in spite of the oil prices developing countries rely heavily on electricity consumption for economic growth in the short run growth and feedback effects suggest that more vigorous electricity policies should be implemented to attain sustainable economic growth for the long term

the dynamic links between energy consumption economic growth financial development and trade in china fresh evidence from multivariate framework analysis abstract this study investigates the relationship between energy use and economic growth by incorporating financial development international trade and capital as important factors of production function in case of china over the period of 1971 2011 the ardl bounds testing approach to cointegration was applied to examine long run relationship among the series while stationarity properties of the variables was tested by applying structural break test our empirical evidence confirmed long run relationship among the variables the results showed that energy use financial development capital exports imports and international trade have positive impact on economic growth the granger causality analysis revealed that unidirectional causal relationship running from energy use to economic growth financial development and energy use granger cause each other there is bidirectional causality between international trade and energy use the feedback relation exists between financial development and international trade there is also bidirectional causality exists between capital and energy demand financial development and economic growth and international trade and economic growth this paper makes significant contribution in energy economics and opens up new direction for policy makers to explore new and alternative sources of energy which would be helpful in meeting the rising demand of energy due to sustained rate of economic growth

interactions among energy consumption economic development and greenhouse gas emissions in japan after world war ii abstract the long term dynamic changes in the triad energy consumption economic development and greenhouse gas ghg emissions in japan after world war ii were quantified and the interactions among them were analyzed based on an integrated suite of energy emergy and economic indices the results quantitatively showed that two different energy strategy periods one before 1973 using new sources of higher quality energy and one after 1973 focused on improving the efficiency of energy generation methods could explain the linear increase in national economic development in japan over the 66 years from 1946 to 2011 japan benefited both ecologically and economically from importing fossil fuels which accounted for 8 7 of the nominal gdp of japan averaged over the entire study period the total environmental impacts of ghg i e co 2 ch 4 and n 2 o emissions measured by emergy decreased after 1997 and since 2009 they have remained lower than 76 of the emissions in 1990 even though no decrease in the global warming impact based on the weight of co 2 was observed emergy methods and energy systems models revealed aspects of the complicated interactions among energy consumption economic development and the potential environmental impact of ghg emissions which formerly had not been recognized

the interdependent relationship between sectoral productivity and disaggregated energy consumption in malaysia markov switching approach abstract this study examines the interdependent relationship between sectoral productivity and disaggregated energy consumption in malaysia by employing the markov switching technique several outcomes are reached firstly the regime movement of gdp during regime 2 is influenced by disaggregated energy consumption secondly industrial and manufacturing productivity of regime 1 and regime 2 responded with disaggregated energy consumption finally the regimes carbon emissions depend on both of manufacturing and industrial productivity this study recommends efficient consumption of energy and the use of green technology in order to minimise energy consumptions and environment pollution

the relationship among natural gas energy consumption capital and economic growth bootstrap corrected causality tests from g 7 countries abstract this paper examines the relationship between natural gas consumption economic growth and capital by using g 7 countries data and a bootstrap corrected causality test for the period 1970 2008 it was found eight significant granger causality relationships for italy the granger causality is from natural gas consumption to growth and united kingdom adverse for pattern of france germany and united states there is two sided granger causality between natural gas and growth

energy consumption as a condition for per capita carbon dioxide emission growth the results of a qualitative comparative analysis in the european union abstract the problematic of climatic changes and the respective consequences raises the need to discuss the problem and define measures to control and or reverse them because one of the causes of climatic changes is the emission of greenhouse gases the european union defined the reduction of emissions as a main concern as well as increasing efficiency in the energy sector with the objective of analysing the main conditions affecting the growth of per capita emissions this paper uses a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis fsqca based on a sample of data from 2010 to 2014 the conditions evaluated were i gdp growth ii change in the share of gdp relating to private consumption iii change in the share of gdp relating to public consumption iv change in the share of gdp on investment v and energy consumption growth the main drivers contributing to reduced emissions were the crisis and energy consumption evaluation of the main factors affecting emissions growth is the main contribution of this study considering that economic growth is an obvious goal the european union must design measures encouraging investment in more efficient and less pollutant technologies which is also in accordance with oecd sustainability goals

environmental kuznet s curve for india evidence from tests for cointegration with unknown structuralbreaks this study revisits the cointegrating relationship between carbon emission energy use economic activity and trade openness for india using threshold cointegration tests with a view to testing the environmental kuznet s curve hypothesis in the presence of possible regime shift in long run relationship of the variables for the period 1971 to 2008 the article confirms the existence of regime shift or threshold cointegration among the variables and environmental kuznet s curve for india it challenges previous empirical works for india which fail to establish cointegrating relationship among these variables and explains its logical and econometric reasons the study finds that the carbon emission is highly elastic with respect to real per capita income and energy use in india this finding is critical and warns successful design and execution of energy and environmental policy framework which would pave the low carbon sustainable growth path inindia

is energy consumption per capita broken stationary new evidence from regional based panels abstract for the first time a new panel unit root testing procedure developed by 51 carrion i silvestre et al 2005 breaking the panels an application to gdp per capita econometrics journal 8 159 175 is applied to re investigate the stationarity of energy consumption per capita for 7 regional panel sets covering the 1971 2002 period with structural breaks and cross sectional correlations introduced into the model it becomes clear that all regional based panels of energy consumption per capita are stationary the structural breakpoints identify the likely causes of major changes in energy consumption in the past the findings underscore the importance of accounting for exogenous shocks to a series and offer several important implications for policy makers and energy economists

energy growth conundrum in energy exporting and importing countries evidence from heterogeneous panel methods robust to cross sectional dependence abstract this article uses the panel methods for energy exporting and importing countries that discuss the heterogeneity and cross sectional dependence in investigating the linkages between energy consumption and economic growth the findings of the study suggest that the energy consumption is an important input not only in the energy importing but also in energy exporting countries furthermore the results of the present paper suggest that the policy options should be different for the different countries in the back drop of heterogeneous slope coefficients

residential and non residential electricity dynamics abstract this paper uses u s panel data to instrument and examine the dynamics of electricity within the world market while separating between both residential and non residential electricity consumptions during the time period of 1990 2014 to better assess the true differences within each causal relationship all panel data has been separated into one full panel and three subpanels of high middle and low income the empirical framework used consists of various tests that identify the existence of cross sectional dependency a pesaran panel unit root test a westerlund panel cointegration test and the dumitrescu hurlin method of the granger causality test furthermore this paper utilizes dols to estimate any long run elastic relations between real gdp and residential or non residential electricity consumption based on the results this paper determines that no long run relationship exists between non residential electricity consumption and economic growth throughout and that the relationship between residential electricity consumption and economic growth possesses unit elastic behavior in the long run other findings throughout imply causality moves from economic growth in the direction of residential electricity consumption for all panels

unemployment vs mismatch of talents reconsidering unemployment benefits we develop an equilibrium search matching model with risk neutral agents and two sided ex ante heterogeneity unemployment insurance has the standard effect of reducing employment but also helps workers to get a suitable job we show through calibrations how the mere difference on unemployment insurance when countries experience a common skilled biased technological shock may result in differences in unemployment productivity growth and wage inequality these results are consistent with the contrasting performance of the labour market in europe and the united states in the last twenty five years the model is used to address some political economy issues

the nexus between carbon emissions energy consumption and economic growth in middle east countries a panel data analysis abstract the environmental kuznets curve ekc hypothesis assumes that there is an inverted u shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income per capita in other words as a country grows it is assumed that its environmental quality improves in this study we aim to test the ekc hypothesis for 12 middle east countries during the period 1990 2008 by employing recently developed panel data methods our results provide evidence contrary to the ekc hypothesis we found evidence favorable to the u shaped ekc for 5 middle east countries whereas an inverted u shaped curve was identified for only 3 middle east countries furthermore there appear to be no causal links between income and co 2 emissions for the other 4 countries regarding the direction of causality there appears to be a unidirectional causality from economic growth to energy consumption in the short run in the long run however the unidirectional causality chain runs from energy consumption and economic growth to co 2 emissions we also suggest some crucial policy implications depending on these results

disaggregated industrial energy consumption and gdp the case of shanghai 1952 1999 abstract this paper investigates the causal relationship between various kinds of industrial energy consumption and gdp in shanghai for the period 1952 1999 using a modified version of the granger 1969 causality test proposed by toda and yamamoto j econ 66 1995 225 the empirical evidence from disaggregated energy series seems to suggest that there was a uni directional granger causality running from coal coke electricity and total energy consumption to real gdp but no granger causality running in any direction between oil consumption and real gdp

unemployment responses to skill biased technology shocks the role of labour market policy do skill biased shocks that increase the spread of labour productivities interacting with different policy regimes explain the rise in unemployment in europe relative to the united states in the 1980s and 1990s the hypothesis is an implication of a version of the mortensen and pissarides 1994 model of equilibrium unemployment which allows for worker heterogeneity a calibrated version of the model implies that a similar unemployment increase would have occurred in the united states over this period given changes in relative productivity by education implied by observed wage changes had unemployment compensation and employment protection policies been at european levels

a matching model with endogenous skill requirements we consider a labor market in which workers differ in their abilities and jobs differ in their skill requirements the distribution of worker abilities is exogenous but we model the choice of skill requirements by firms high skill jobs produce more output than low skill jobs but high skill jobs require high skill workers and thus are more difficult to fill we use a matching model together with a nash bargaining approach to wage setting to determine the equilibrium mix of job types along with the equilibrium relationship between worker and job characteristics wages and unemployment

energy consumption and economic growth the case of oil exporting countries this paper examines the causal relationship between the per capita energy consumption and the per capita gdp in a panel of 11 selected oil exporting countries by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis the results show a unidirectional strong causality from economic growth to energy consumption for the oil exporting countries the findings have practical policy implications for decision makers in the area of macroeconomic planning in most major oil exporting countries government policies keep domestic prices bellow free market level resulting in high levels of domestic energy consumption the results imply that the energy conservation through reforming energy price policies has no damaging repercussions on economic growth for this group of countries

energy consumption and gdp causality a three step analysis for emerging european countries abstract the established european targets should play a leading role in the complex economic process of energy consumption and the emerging countries have to consider their implications for adjusting the energy policies at national level this paper develops investigations on the causality relationship between energy consumption and gdp in the context of emerging european countries covering the period 1980 2013 this research covers the limits identified by previous researchers by detailing the energy consumption by sources and by referring to five emerging countries in europe unlike most of the previous studies it has a double approach long and short run bidirectional relationships a detailed analysis on the impact of economic growth on the energy consumption by country is conducted in order to contribute to the enrichment of the research field towards this objective a three step analysis is performed stationarity cointegration and causality tests are considered the empirical study shows mixed results there is a balance in confirming conservation growth and neutrality hypotheses in some specific cases results imply that energy consumption and economic growth are jointly determined however a comparative analysis for different significance levels draws attention on the differences in judgment of results for this type of studies discussions on the results in terms of causality are conducted in order to identify future trends for research

causal relationship between energy consumption and gdp growth revisited a dynamic panel data approach abstract this paper uses the panel data of energy consumption and gdp for 82 countries from 1972 to 2002 based on the income levels defined by the world bank the data are divided into four categories low income group lower middle income group upper middle income group and high income group we employ the gmm sys approach for the estimation of the panel var model in each of the four groups afterwards the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is tested and ascertained we discover a in the low income group there exists no causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth b in the middle income groups lower and upper middle income groups economic growth leads energy consumption positively c in the high income group countries economic growth leads energy consumption negatively after further in depth analysis of energy related data the results indicate that in the high income group there is a great environmental improvement as a result of more efficient energy use and reduction in the release of co2 however in the upper middle income group countries after the energy crisis the energy efficiency declines and the release of co2 rises since there is no evidence indicating that energy consumption leads economic growth in any of the four income groups a stronger energy conservation policy should be pursued in all countries

extended divisia index decomposition of changes in energy intensity a case of korean manufacturing industry abstract this study aims to examine the energy efficiency of the manufacturing industry of korea by using the extended divisia index decomposition of choi and ang 2012 first we applied the sato vartia index decomposition to the energy intensity of the manufacturing industry in korea second we attributed the growth rate of aggregate energy intensity to 10 sub manufacturing industries through two channels real energy intensity and structural change the result of the decomposition illustrates that the aggregate energy intensity index decreased in the period 1981 2010 the index decomposition analysis demonstrates that real energy intensity decreased by 85 85 whereas structural change increased energy intensity by 69 37 over the same period of time the negative effect of structural change is partly a result of the increasing portion of energy intensive industry in manufacturing the result reflects that industrial structure in korea can be an important aspect for improving energy efficiency

energy use for economic growth a trivariate analysis from tunisian agriculture sector abstract following the importance of energy in the agrarian economies the investigation of the causal relationship between energy consumption in agriculture sector and economic growth has a fundamental role in implementing suitable policies this paper examines the causal relationship between energy consumption and agricultural value added controlling for trade openness in tunisia from 1980 to 2007 the relationship is investigated at aggregated as well as disaggregated components of energy consumption including oil and electricity using granger s technique it is shown that various results are obtained regarding the direction of causality between competing variables nevertheless the most common finding suggest that trade openness and both aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption granger causes agricultural value added therefore the energy led growth and trade led growth hypotheses are supported in the tunisian agriculture sector an important policy implication resulting from this study is that energy can be considered as a limiting factor to agriculture value added and therefore shocks to energy supply would have a negative impact onto agriculture performance furthermore trade liberalization seems to be a stimulus factor to the tunisian agriculture development

environmental kuznets curve and financial development in pakistan abstract in this study we analyzed the effects of financial development per capita real income the square of per capita real income per capita energy consumption and openness on per capita co 2 emissions for pakistan during 1972 2013 the bound f test for cointegration yielded evidence of a long term relationship among these variables the results confirm the existence of an environmental kuznets curve in pakistan for both the short and long term this finding indicates that at the initial stage of development the level of co 2 increases with income and after some threshold level of income this relationship may change from positive to negative as more efficient infrastructure and energy efficient technology are implemented during the development process of the country the findings of this study also reveal a significantly positive sign for the coefficient of financial development suggesting that financial development has occurred at the expense of environmental quality the results further indicate that the key contributing factors to carbon emissions in pakistan are income energy consumption and financial development in addition the openness variable has no significant influence on carbon emission in either the short or long term

does renewable and or non renewable energy consumption matter for total factor productivity tfp growth evidence from the brics abstract studies proved that output growth is mainly associated with the total factor productivity tfp growth and variables that affect the tfp have an important explanatory power on output in this regards the aim of this study is to examine the causal relationship between different types of energy consumption and tfp growth in the brics from 1992 to 2012 a panel bootstrap granger causality test by konya 2006 68 was employed to investigate the direction of possible connection between energy consumption and tfp growth results show that no remarkable causal link exists between renewable energy consumption and tfp growth in the brics however in the case of non renewables energy consumption creates a positive externality that contributes economic development in brazil and south africa by the growth of tfp as well as energy use itself in this respect policies that promote coal and non renewable electricity consumption in south africa and natural gas consumption in brazil may be beneficial for their economic development

causal nexus between energy consumption and economic growth for high middle and low income countries using frequency domain analysis abstract this study aims to investigate the causal nexus between energy consumption and economic growth for 119 countries from all over the world having at least 30 years of available data on candidate variables including 30 high income oecd 13 high income non oecd 65 middle income and 11 low income countries the study employs granger causality in the frequency domain context for empirical analysis which allows one to examine the causal nexus over different frequencies and thus provides relatively a better picture of the causal nexus between the candidate variables in particular we examine the temporary short run as well as at permanent long run causal nexus between energy consumption and economic growth the empirical results suggest that 18 countries including 5 high income oecd 2 high income non oecd 10 middle income and 1 low income confirm the existence of feedback hypothesis 25 countries including 4 high income oecd 3 high income non oecd 14 middle income and 4 low income confirm growth hypothesis out of total 119 countries similarly 40 countries including 6 high income oecd 6 high income non oecd 27 middle income and 1 low income suggest conservation hypothesis while 36 countries comprising of 15 high income oecd 2 high income non oecd 14 middle income and 5 low income hold neutrality hypothesis between energy consumption and economic growth out of 119 countries the findings of the study suggest that an appropriate and effective public policy is required for all sample countries both in the short and long term while considering sustainable economic growth and development

electricity consumption and economic growth across australian states and territories this study investigates the long run and short run dynamics between electricity consumption along with traditional inputs such as labour and capital on economic output for a panel of seven austra

on the job search mismatch and efficiency this paper characterizes the equilibrium for a large class of search models with two sided heterogeneity and on the job search besides the well known congestion externalities we show that on the job search in combination with monopsonistic wage setting without commitment creates a business stealing externality in the absence of congestion effects this leads to excessive vacancy creation under wage setting with commitment this externality is absent because when posting a wage firms take into account the expected productivity of future workers in their current jobs if firms are able to make and respond to counteroffers then they will not have to pay no quit premia and this also leads to excessive vacancy creation

on the inefficiency of matching models of unemployment with heterogeneous workers and jobs when firms rank their applicants in a circular matching model with bargained wages firms rank their applicants and pick the most suitable one job creation appears to lower the average output as firms do not internalize this effect there are too many jobs in a laissez faire equilibrium under the hosios condition by contrast job rejection is efficient for the equilibrium value of market tightness consequently introducing unemployment compensation raises the aggregate income by lowering market tightness due to the isomorphism between the two models these results extend to match specific productivities however competitive search restores market efficiency

energy consumption economic growth and prices a reassessment using panel vecm for developed and developing countries this paper reinvestigates the energy consumption gdp growth nexus in a panel error correction model using data on 20 net energy importers and exporters from 1971 to 2002 among the energy exporters there was bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy consumption in the developed countries in both the short and long run while in the developing countries energy consumption stimulates growth only in the short run the former result is also found for energy importers and the latter result exists only for the developed countries within this category in addition compared to the developing countries the developed countries elasticity response in terms of economic growth from an increase in energy consumption is larger although its income elasticity is lower and less than unitary lastly the implications for energy policy calling for a more holistic approach are discussed c 2006 elsevier ltd all rights reserved

efficiency in a search and matching model with endogenous participation abstract we show that in a search matching model with endogenous participation in which workers are heterogeneous with respect to market productivity satisfying the hosios rule leads to excessive vacancy creation

unemployment insurance in theory and practice a hallmark of modern labor economics is the close interplay between the development of theory data sources and econometric testing the evolution of the economic analysis of unemployment insurance provides a good illustration new theoretical approaches in particular job search theory have inspired a large amount of empirical research some of it methodologically innovative and most of it highly relevant for economic policy the paper presents a broad survey and an assessment of the economic analysis of unemployment insurance as it has evolved since the 1970s

the energy gdp nexus addressing an old question with new methods abstract this paper reassesses the causal relationship between per capita energy use and gross domestic product while controlling for capital and labour productivity inputs in a panel of 30 oecd countries over the past 40 years the paper uses panel unit root and cointegration testing and specifies an appropriate vector error correction model to analyse the nexus between income and energy use in doing so we contribute to an old debate using modern tools that shed a new light there is some evidence that over the very short run bidirectional causality exists our results also show a strong unidirectional causality running from capital formation and gdp to energy usage in the long run the reverse causality found in recent work is lost we then show that we can reproduce these earlier results in our data if we reproduce a slightly misspecified model for the engle granger two step procedure used in these earlier papers our findings thus imply that results are very sensitive to model misspecification and careful testing of specifications is required our results have some strong policy implications they suggest that policies aimed at reducing energy usage or promoting energy efficiency are not likely to have a detrimental effect on economic growth except over the very short run

rethinking and reshaping the climate policy literature review and proposed guidelines abstract addressing climate change represents a governing the climate commons on a global scale the tragedy of the commons might better be described as the failure of governing the commons hardin s solutions were centralized government and private property which have long been criticized as oversimplified however governing the unprecedented climate commons there is only a global federalism of climate policy the kyoto protocol the kyoto cannot keep atmospheric co2 level below 450 ppm rising 2 c some key evidences of the kyoto failures are identified the kyoto failures do not indicate that the kyoto is a wrong tool of centralized government instead the kyoto failures are derived from the fact that the only centralized government cannot effectively govern the commons which have been proven by the efforts of governing the commons last four decades here we propose a wide diversity of governance systems for climate common to addressing global warming the multi level and multi scale governing system includes but is not limited to i starting at home ii emphasizing the local approach iii efforts of global level focusing these top emitters iv improved information sharing v privatizing the property of climate to avoid free riders vi combination mitigation with adaptive vii improved ecology services to expand carbon sinks we argue that the kyoto failures indicate again that reliance on a single solution may result in more of a problem than a solution in governing the common therefore continuing to wait for another global federalism of climate policy may lead to missing the chance to make significant mitigations and adaptations in time to battling the climate change post 2012 multi level and multi scale approaches could make a difference in collective action for governing the climate commons to meet climate challenge

the relationship between co2 emissions and economic growth the case of korea with nonlinear evidence abstract using star models we investigate the nonlinear dynamic properties and the interdependence of co2 emissions and economic growth for korea the estimation results indicate that the growth rate of both co2 emissions and industrial production exhibit a significant nonlinear asymmetric dynamics while the linear granger causality test finds no causality in any direction the results of the nonlinear granger causality tests show a two way causality between co2 emissions and economic growth the strong mutual causation between co2 emissions and economic activities indicates that the economic impact from co2 mitigation is expected to be higher in korea this suggests that the appropriate energy and environmental policy be to mitigate co2 emissions while having less impact on the economy

energy consumption and economic growth in vietnam abstract this study attempts to analyse the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in vietnam using the neoclassical solow growth framework for the 1971 2011 period the concept and methods of cointegration and granger causality are used to establish the relationship between the variables of interest our results confirm the existence of cointegration among the variables in particular energy consumption fdi and capital stock were found positively influence economic growth in vietnam the granger causality test revealed unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to economic growth hence vietnam is an energy dependent economy and any energy or environment policy drawn up in an attempt to conserve energy will jeopardise the process of economic development in vietnam for this reason the renewable energy policy should be given attention to provide sufficient supplies of energy to speed up economic expansion investment in r d may be required to incentivise private public institutions to engage in this innovation while the awareness for energy saving policy among public could be integrated to meet social economic development

energy consumption and gdp revisited a panel analysis of developed and developing countries this paper applies a new panel data stationarity testing procedure first developed by carrion i silvestre et al 2005 econometrics journal 8 159 175 with panel vars that employ the generalized method of moment techniques in order to re investigate the dynamic interactions between energy consumption per capita lec and real gdp per capita lry in 22 developed and 18 developing countries when multiple breaks in the series are taken into account there is convincing evidence of panel stationarity for lec and lry in both groups the energy crises evidently had a substantive impact on both lec and lry in all sample countries furthermore our panel vars attest to bidirectional causality between lec and lry in developed countries but there is uni directional causality from lry to lec in developing countries finally from the orthogonalized impulse response functions all of the variables in the panel vars have a positive effect on each other but their impact is greater and more persistent in developing countries some important policy implications do emerge

energy consumption and growth in south america evidence from a panel error correction model abstract this study examines the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for a panel of nine south american countries over the period 1980 2005 within a multivariate framework given the relatively short span of the time series data a panel cointegration and error correction model is employed to infer the causal relationship pedroni s heterogeneous panel cointegration test reveals a long run equilibrium relationship between real gdp energy consumption the labor force and real gross fixed capital formation with the respective coefficients positive and statistically significant the granger causality results indicate both short run and long run causality from energy consumption to economic growth which supports the growth hypothesis

literature survey on the relationships between energy environment and economic growth abstract the aim of this study is to exhibit an exhaustive survey which is related to the great flight of the literature of energy environment growth nexus at the individual and regional scale studies covering the period from 1978 to 2014 the survey takes into consideration the sample country region etc periods covering econometric strategies and conclusions our survey is based on the causality direction among i the energy use variables electricity nuclear renewable and non renewable and output growth ii between economic growth and environment and between the three variables at the same time globally these surveys provide paradoxical and not conclusive results which energy consumption can boost economic growth through the productivity enhancement and it can boost also the environmental damages through the enhancement of pollutant emissions our survey sheds more the lights on the energy environment growth literature by giving an extensive listing 1978 2014 of these causal linkages among the energy use variables environment and economic growth for both individual and collective cases there is a unanimous consensus about the importance of dealing with such dynamic relationship which is seems to be a cornerstone element in setting any ambition strategies energy ecological and economics

review of the energy supply status for sustainable development in the organization of islamic conference abstract this review describes the situation and the varying potential of energy supply utilization of countries in the organization of islamic conference oic this exercise reveals that the increase in energy consumption is associated with economic growth and population expansion the interconnectivity between energy use and national level as well as the connection between energy utilization and gross domestic product gdp which is an indicator of economic development must be explained to determine the significance of national energy utility in these countries therefore alternative energy source utilization is necessary for the provision of an appreciable constituent of imminent energy requirements in sectors that utilize energy alternative energy source utilization is a crucial factor in ensuring the total capacity of energy sources in various growing economies of the world where clean energy is unavailable furthermore some of these countries also possess alternative energy sources such as hydropower solar wind geothermal and biomass this paper provides details on sustainable energy supply developments in oic countries these countries must sustainably develop energy despite their sufficient wealth in crude oil and natural gas the main purpose of this study is to determine economic growth in relation to energy supply to facilitate sustainable development in addition this paper suggests necessary requirements to sustain the energy development processes in oic countries and as well as some stages that must be adopted to enhance development at a sustainable rate

the causal link between energy and output growth evidence from markov switching granger causality abstract in this paper we empirically investigate the causal link between energy consumption and economic growth employing a markov switching granger causality analysis we carry out our investigation using annual u s real gdp total final energy consumption and total primary energy consumption data which cover the period between 1968 and 2010 we find that there are significant changes in the causal relation between energy consumption and economic growth over the sample period under investigation our results show that total final energy consumption and total primary energy consumption have significant predictive content for real economic activity in the u s economy furthermore the causality running from energy consumption to output growth seems to be strongly apparent particularly during the periods of economic downturn and energy crisis we also document that output growth has predictive power in explaining total energy consumption furthermore the power of output growth in predicting total energy consumption is found to diminish after the mid of 1980s

sectoral energy consumption by source and economic growth in turkey this paper provides a detailed analysis of the energy consumption in turkey during the last 40 years it investigates the causal relationships between income and energy consumption in two ways first the relationship is studied at the aggregate level then we focus on the industrial sector previous findings suggest that in the case of turkey there is a unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to growth however our findings suggest that in the long run income and energy consumption appear to be neutral with respect to each other both at the aggregate and at the industrial level we also find a strong evidence of instantaneous causality which means that contemporaneous values of energy consumption and income are correlated furthermore a descriptive analysis is conducted in order to reveal the differences in the use of energy resources we conclude that energy conservation policies are necessary for environmental concerns and our empirical results imply that such policies would not impede economic growth in the long term

regime dependent causality relationship between energy consumption and gdp growth evidence from oecd countries this study empirically investigates the energy consumption gdp growth nexus for the period from 1971 to 2016 for 26 oecd countries the prevailing studies in the literature use limited econometric

personal values as a catalyst for corporate social entrepreneurship the literature acknowledges a distinction between immoral amoral and moral management this paper makes a case for the employee at any level as a moral agent even though the paper begins by highlighting a body of evidence which suggests that individual moral agency is sacrificed at work and is compromised in deference to other pressures this leads to a discussion about the notion of discretion and an examination of a separate contrary body of literature which indicates that some individuals in corporations may use their discretion to behave in a socially entrepreneurial manner my underlying assumption is that csr isn t solely driven by economics and that it may also be championed as a result of a personal morality inspired by employees own socially oriented personal values a conceptual framework is put forward and it is suggested that individuals may be categorized as active or frustrated corporate social entrepreneurs conformists or apathetics distinguished by their individualistic or collectivist personal values in a discussion of the nature of values this paper highlights how values may act as drivers of our behavior and pays particular attention to the values of the entrepreneur thereby linking the existing debate on moral agency with the field of corporate social responsibility

arima forecasting of primary energy demand by fuel in turkey abstract forecasting of energy demand in emerging markets is one of the most important policy tools used by the decision makers all over the world in turkey most of the early studies used include various forms of econometric modeling however since the estimated economic and demographic parameters usually deviate from the realizations time series forecasting appears to give better results in this study we used the autoregressive integrated moving average arima and seasonal arima sarima methods to estimate the future primary energy demand of turkey from 2005 to 2020 the arima forecasting of the total primary energy demand appears to be more reliable than the summation of the individual forecasts the results have shown that the average annual growth rates of individual energy sources and total primary energy will decrease in all cases except wood and animal plant remains which will have negative growth rates the decrease in the rate of energy demand may be interpreted that the energy intensity peak will be achieved in the coming decades another interpretation is that any decrease in energy demand will slow down the economic growth during the forecasted period rates of changes and reserves in the fossil fuels indicate that inter fuel substitution should be made leading to a best mix of the country s energy system based on our findings we proposed some policy recommendations

energy conservation and sustainable economic growth the case of latin america and the caribbean this study examines the causal relationships among energy consumption economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in twenty countries from latin america and the caribbean region the methodology includes the use of phillips and perron pp tests a cointegration model with vector error correction modeling vecm and vector autoregression var with granger causality the study concludes that of the twenty countries analyzed only in four of them will it be possible to implement energy conservation polices without affecting their economic growth four others are not able to consider an energy conservation policy with economic growth and the other twelve should focus on their economic growth before adopting any conservation policies energy efficiency was found in this region especially in the countries which have both cointegration and short term equilibrium

comparing energy use structures an input output decomposition analysis of large economies abstract in this paper we aim to assess how the changes in aspects of demand impact the use of energy in the developing economies of brazil china and india and the developed economies of germany the united kingdom and the united states to achieve this objective we use input output matrices for the years 1995 and 2005 by applying a structural decomposition analysis we find the following brazil is the only country where technology has a positive impact on energy germany and the united kingdom decrease their use of energy over the sample period china and the united kingdom are the only countries where the use of renewable inputs decreases and in brazil china and the united states the use of coal increases when we change the focus of our analysis from aggregated to disaggregated results these countries can be lined up differently in terms of development in relation to their wealth and energy use

how large are search frictions textabstractthis paper presents strong evidence for the concavity of wages in job and worker characteristics by adding second order terms to a mincerian earnings function for 6 oecd countries under a standard normality assumption this concavity cannot be attributed to unobserved components in those characteristics an assignment model with search frictions provides a parsimonious explanation for our findings this model yields two restrictions on the coefficients which fit the data very well the impact of search frictions on wages is large our results relate to the literature on industry wage differentials on structural identification in hedonic models and on wage posting versus nash bargaining in search models

a literature survey on energy growth nexus abstract this paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of energy consumption economic growth and electricity consumption economic growth causality nexus the survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of energy electricity in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables although the positive role of energy on growth has become a stylized fact there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies a general observation from these studies is that the literature produced conflicting results and there is no consensus neither on the existence nor on the direction of causality between energy consumption electricity consumption and economic growth as a policy implication to avoid from conflicting and unreliable results the authors may use the autoregressive distributed lags bounds test two regime threshold co integration models panel data approach and multivariate models including new variables such as real gross fixed capital formation labor force carbon dioxide emissions population exchange rates interest rates etc thus the authors should focus more on the new approaches and perspectives rather than by employing usual methods based on a set of common variables for different countries and different intervals of time