a game theoretic approach for optimal time of use electricity pricing demand for electricity varies throughout the day increasing the average cost of power supply time of use tou pricing has been proposed as a demand side management dsm method to influence user demands in this paper we describe a game theoretic approach to optimize tou pricing strategies gt tou we propose models of costs to utility companies arising from user demand fluctuations and models of user satisfaction with the difference between the nominal demand and the actual consumption we design utility functions for the company and the users and obtain a nash equilibrium using backward induction in addition to a single user type scenario we also consider a scenario with multiple types of users each of whom responds differently to time dependent prices numerical examples show that our method is effective in leveling the user demand by setting optimal tou prices potentially decreasing costs for the utility companies and increasing user benefits an increase in social welfare measure indicates improved market efficiency through tou pricing

economic impact of production bottlenecks caused by disasters impacting interdependent industry sectors abstract this paper provides a new linear programming model based on leontief s input output model to investigate the economic consequences of production capacity bottlenecks caused by disasters an important contribution of the paper is the incorporation of industry sectors preferences in allocating limited products services between final domestic demand foreign final demand and intermediate industries this provides support for estimating some of the indirect economic impacts of disasters the paper also considers recovery operations within disrupted sectors from the standpoint of evaluating the performance of the economy during the transition period after a disaster the models are implemented to investigate the economic consequences of electricity sector disruption in singapore and finally computational results are reported

optimal bidding scheduling and deployment of battery systems in california day ahead energy market an optimal supply and demand bidding scheduling and deployment design framework is proposed for battery systems it takes into account various design factors such as the day ahead and real time market prices and their statistical dependency as well as the location size efficiency lifetime and charge and discharge rates of the batteries utilizing second life used batteries is also considered without loss of generality our focus is on the california independent system operator iso energy market and its two available bidding options namely self schedule bidding and economic bidding while the formulated stochastic optimization problems are originally nonlinear and difficult to solve we propose a methodology to decompose them into inner and outer subproblems accordingly we find the global optimal solutions within a short amount of computational time all case studies in this paper are based on real market data

two sample nonparametric estimation of intergenerational income mobility in the united states and sweden we estimate intergenerational income mobility in the us and sweden using a new nonparametric approach the approach addresses several empirical issues raised in the literature and applies when other estimators are infeasible we argue that previous estimates of income mobility conceal the heterogeneous nature of the transmission mechanism by keeping mobility constant across families the striking differences we find between mobility patterns across family backgrounds captured by father s education lead us to question the conventional result that intergenerational transmission of earnings is weaker in sweden than in the united states for important parts of the population

measuring changes in international production from a disruption case study of the japanese earthquake and tsunami the earthquake and tsunami that struck japan on march 11 2011 caused a tremendous loss of life and property the disaster also disrupted global supply chains which was blamed for anemic growth in the global economy a multiregional input output model can quantify the international impacts on production due to changes in demand from companies reducing their orders because of a disruption by using the input output model to conceptualize a supply chain we present a unique method for calculating indirect production losses caused by disabled production facilities methods for calculating the possible transfer of demand to industries in other countries are also discussed we apply the multiregional input output model to the japanese earthquake and tsunami comparing results generated by japanese consumer sales with those generated by japanese production data reveals that japanese demand was satised by other countries and that inventory in the production pipeline likely allowed consumer sales to remain strong

the intergenerational earnings and income mobility of canadian men evidence from longitudinal income tax data our objective is to obtain an accurate estimate of the degree of intergenerational income mobility in canada we use income tax information on about 400 000 father son pairs and find intergenerational earnings elasticities to be about 0 2 earnings mobility tends to be slightly greater than income mobility but nonparametric techniques uncover significant nonlinearities in both of these relationships intergenerational earnings mobility is greater at the lower end of the income distribution than at the upper end and displays an inverted v shape elsewhere intergenerational income mobility follows roughly the same pattern but is much lower at the very top of the income distribution

the resource conservation effect of recycling in a dynamic leontief model the aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of recycling on the use of non renewable resources in the economy the paper tries to generalize the classical dynamic input output model in this regard we extend the standard leontief model with the balance equation of recycled products and we establish some properties of this augmented model we investigate how recycling extends the availability of non renewable natural resources for the next generations in an inter industry framework supposing a balanced growth both for production and consumption we examine the existence of the balanced growth path of this model and compare the results to the classical leontief model we try to answer the question whether recycling reuse increases the growth possibility of an economy finally we illustrate our results with a simple numerical example thus we analyze a possible sustainable development of the economy on the basis of the product recovery management of industries

optimal demand bidding for time shiftable loads time shiftable loads have recently received an increasing attention due to their role in creating load flexibility and enhancing demand response and peak load shaving programs in this paper we seek to answer the following question how can a time shiftable load that itself may comprise of several smaller time shiftable subloads submit its demand bids to the day ahead and real time markets so as to minimize its energy procurement cost answering this question is challenging because of the inter temporal dependencies in choosing the demand bids for time shiftable loads and due to the coupling between demand bid selection and time shiftable load scheduling problems nevertheless we answer the above question for different practical bidding scenarios and based on different statistical characteristics of practical market prices in all cases closed form solutions are obtained for the optimal choices of the price and energy bids the bidding performance is then evaluated in details by examining several case studies and analyzing actual market price data

the design of industrial symbiosis an input output approach industrial symbiosis is has gained more attention in the production economics as the pressure on companies increases for the reduction of waste emissions and primary resources consumption in fact this has forced companies to provide other companies their wastes as primary resources and vice versa these supply circles lead to is that can mitigate environmental impacts and costs in industrial areas ia the aim of this paper is to provide guidelines for the future evolution of ia operating on the basis of is principles given a production network within an ia perfect is within the network is defined as a theoretical optimum for is design where no primary resources is needed from outside and no wastes are discharged outside adopting an enterprise input output approach the conditions for a perfect is are found for one waste and multi waste cases and the distance between the states of the actual network and of the related perfect is is measured proposed approach is empirically applied to santa croce sull arno industrial district of tannery where the recycling of chrome liquors fleshing and wastewater are investigated results show under which conditions perfect symbiosis is achievable for two waste types policy implications are also suggested for the design of ia when is principles are adopted

sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies environmental turbulence institutional voids and sustainability trajectories abstract although research on supply chain management has made many valuable contributions there is a dearth of empirical evidence and theoretical reflection on the characteristics of supply chains that operate mainly in developing and emerging economies the aim of this paper is to help to fill this gap by exploring how supply chain sustainability can be implemented and managed in these settings an in depth case study of the upstream oil and gas industry supply chain in brazil was used to develop propositions about supply chains that operate in developing settings drawing from institutional theory evolutionary theory complexity theory and from the organizational learning innovation and strategy literatures this paper offers four key findings and contributions to the supply chain literature first it shows that becoming a sustainable supply chain is not a destination but a journey where trajectory and time matter given the evolutionary nature of supply chain sustainability trajectories this paper highlights that supply chains learn and evolve just as organizations do second this research indicates that although globalization is a trend natural resource based supply chains are often more geographically bounded and susceptible to local social demands than other supply chains third this paper extends the supply chain literature by arguing that supply chains face additional barriers to sustainability in developing and emerging economies which contribute to a higher degree of complexity and uncertainty due to the existence of highly turbulent business environments and institutional voids these factors in turn hinder supply chain learning and innovation and reduce the slope of supply chains sustainability trajectories finally this research contributes to the literature by claiming that due to the highly complex and uncertain business environments in these settings focal companies play an even more important role in managing the escalating ambiguity stimulating supply chain learning and promoting innovation towards supply chains enhanced sustainability performance

trends in intergenerational income mobility previous studies of recent u s trends in intergenerational income mobility have produced widely varying results partly because of large sampling errors by making more efficient use of the available information in the panel study of income dynamics we generate more reliable estimates of the recent time series variation in intergenerational mobility our results which pertain to the cohorts born between 1952 and 1975 do not reveal major changes in intergenerational mobility

a tax savings model for the emerging global manufacturing network the emerging global manufacturing network involves nodal location features of tax areas and international logistics zones manufacturing procedures of simple process and deep process as well as transportation arcs since choosing tax savings locations and manufacturing procedures that increase after tax profit is important to global manufacturers this study aims to present several tax savings approaches and to develop a tax savings model for maximizing after tax profit in the emerging network numerical illustration demonstrates that the proposed model is an effective approach for global manufacturers to achieve tax savings the proposed model elucidates the crucial logistics behavior associated with tax savings

fuzzy input output model for optimizing eco industrial supply chains under water footprint constraints global water stress is expected to increase due to population growth economic development and climate change because of this trend there is an increased interest in the water intensity of industrial activities conducted via the product supply chain or within specified geographical boundaries or regions both at the enterprise or regulatory level the total water footprint of economic activities should be evaluated in consideration of local water resource consumption virtual water trade and resource availability as individual entities seek to protect their respective interests the challenge is to optimize inter regional trade of goods with the consideration of the interests of participants in the network this work presents a fuzzy inputeoutput model for optimizing supply chains under water footprint constraints two case studies involving tile manufacturing and biofuel production are considered to demonstrate the use of the model

integrating sustainable chain management with triple bottom line accounting abstract triple bottom line accounting is widely advanced as a way in which firms can realise broader societal objectives in addition to increasing shareholder value in our analysis of the australian economy we integrate financial input output tables that describe the interdependencies between economic sectors with national social and environmental accounts to construct numerate triple bottom line accounts for 135 discrete sectors the accounts are portrayed against the numeraire of one dollar of gdp thus for a sector of the economy financial aspects of performance can be expressed for example as dollars of export earnings per dollar of gdp social aspects such as employment can be portrayed as minutes of employment generated per dollar greenhouse issues can be portrayed as kilograms of carbon dioxide emitted per dollar since these indicators of triple bottom line performance are referenced against financial units and are consistent with the system of national accounts they can be applied to financial accounts of a firm a service or a product and allow a robust triple bottom line account to be developed across a range of scales the critical advantage of this approach is that it includes both the direct or immediate effects as well as the indirect or diffuse effects associated with a large and distant chain of supply paths the incorporation of most indirect or upstream effects therefore expands the range of issues and effects within the analytical boundary and also includes imports and exports both products and firms can then be assessed properly in sustainable chain management scm terms thus a firm that uses a key intermediate input that requires a large amount of water for example cannot hide the environmental implications since they are revealed in the analysis of the full production chain this revelation can also underpin progress when firms acknowledge both the direct and indirect effects and improve their selection of key inputs on a wider range of criteria rather than on price alone our analysis is well developed at the economic sector level for australia and is also being applied to number of government institutions firms and individual products before the full benefits of numerate triple bottom line accounting can be applied to the equity issues of globalisation trade interdependencies between groups of typical countries will have to be analysed using these whole economy approaches this will allow country specific intensities to be applied to important items in the international production chain

economic resilience of the firm a production theory approach abstract as a result of catastrophic events firms and other organizations are faced with input shortages and price shocks firms can respond to these events using a variety of resilience actions or tactics here we provide a microeconomic foundation for analyzing a comprehensive range of these tactics incorporating both inherent and adaptive concepts of resilience we classify these tactics and derive optimality conditions for production with the use of each class of resilience in the context of a nested constant elasticity of substitution ces function consisting of aggregated capital k labor l infrastructure i and materials m the framework has broad applicability including measurement and scoring of resilience cost effectiveness assessment of resilience tactics individually and as a group calculation of resilience indices and supply chain management

the development of commercial local area resource and emissions modelling navigating towards new perspectives and applications meeting near future uk greenhouse gas ghg emissions targets will require all parts of the uk economy to contribute and in particular significant changes in business practices are required at the local level from review it was found that there is a lack of detailed business accounting and reporting of ghg emissions at the local level especially concerning supply chain impacts and small and medium sized enterprises this paper presents a framework model to generate detailed benchmark estimates of ghgs both on site and supply chain related for individual businesses and all businesses of a sector within an area the model makes use of available economic and environmental data and with similar datasets existing in other parts of the world such models may be used elsewhere the framework model is applied to an empirical case study estimates from such a framework can be used in a step by step approach to move businesses and local areas towards improved accounting reporting and sustainability including procurement the model makes use of two different accounting perspectives the production perspective on site ghgs and the provision perspective supply chain ghgs attributable to purchased inputs of a business or sectors production the new provision perspective and its consequences are explored and explained

measuring the efficacy of inventory with a dynamic input output model abstract this paper extends the recently developed dynamic inoperability input output model diim for assessing productivity degradations due to disasters inventory policies are formulated and incorporated within the diim to evaluate the impact of inventories on the resilience of disrupted interdependent systems the inventory diim can provide practical insights to preparedness decision making through explicit tradeoff analysis of multiple objectives including inventory costs and economic loss reductions the model is demonstrated in several illustrative examples to depict various nuances of inventory policies the paper then culminates in a case study that utilizes input output and inventory accounts from the bureau of economic analysis

a fuzzy linear programming enterprise input output model for optimal crisis operations in industrial complexes abstract industrial complexes may be subject to significant risk of cascading failure caused by various disruptions and emerging economies are potentially more susceptible to the impacts as less established policies are in place to deal with these issues in particular there is a need to develop adaptation strategies to ensure the resilience of industrial activities to various perturbations that may result from climate change the inherent complexity of such systems makes decision making for risk management a non trivial task that is best facilitated with the aid of mathematical models enterprise input output models have been used extensively to model production systems at different scales in this work a fuzzy linear programming enterprise input output model is developed to determine optimal adjustments in production levels of multi product systems when a crisis is induced by a loss of resource inputs the model allows for adjustments that are equitable for different decision makers that may comprise an industrial complex or a supply chain capabilities of the model are illustrated with a case study on the effect of water shortage on an aluminum production system

local intergenerational mobility abstract using nlsy data we investigate whether the observed patterns of economic mobility as measured by income and educational attainment exhibit heterogeneity across socioeconomic groups and whether the nature of the heterogeneity can be explained by different levels of persistence in the intergenerational transmission of cognitive and non cognitive abilities across these groups in doing so we employ the varying coefficient model vcm to estimate nonparametric local measures of intergenerational mobility of those outcome variables by local we mean that the persistence coefficients are modeled as smooth functions of log parental permanent income our findings show that intergenerational mobility exhibits nonlinear patterns individuals with different parental income are characterized by different degrees of intergenerational mobility moreover we find evidence that suggests cognitive abilities play a role in explaining intergenerational mobility these findings provide some support for a new class of family investment models that emphasize the role of such abilities in economic mobility

fortunate sons new estimates of intergenerational mobility in the united states using social security earnings data previous studies relying on short term averages of fathers earnings have estimated the intergenerational elasticity ige in earnings to be approximately 0 4 due to persistent transitory fluctuations these estimates have been biased down by approximately 30 or more using administrative data containing the earnings histories of parents and children the ige is estimated to be around 0 6 this suggests that the united states is substantially less mobile than previous research indicated estimates of intergenerational mobility are significantly lower for families with little or no wealth offering empirical support for theoretical models that predict differences due to borrowing constraints

fuzzy mixed integer non linear programming model for the design of an algae based eco industrial park with prospective selection of support tenants under product price variability abstract eco industrial parks provide a platform for the application of industrial symbiosis where the synergistic network of companies reuse portions of their by products to reduce disposed waste reduce environmental emissions and improve plant efficiency however designing a complex network of material and energy exchanges between companies in an industrial park while satisfying multiple conflicting objectives require a systematic design methodology in addition strategic decision making in an eco industrial park involves the selection of prospective companies i e support tenants which complement the existing companies i e anchor tenants in this study a fuzzy mixed integer non linear programming model is proposed to select prospective support tenants in an eco industrial park while satisfying the product demand minimizing the environmental footprint of the eco industrial park and also maximizing the annualized profit of each company in the eco industrial park a hypothetical but realistic case study involving an algae based eco industrial park is used to demonstrate the application of the model the results demonstrate the selection of the appropriate support tenants for the algae based eco industrial park together with the optimal plant configuration sensitivity analysis is used to assess the performance of the algae based eco industrial park with respect to the changes in prices of the by products the developed model thus aid the planners of an eco industrial park in assessing which among the prospective support tenants would best complements an existing anchor tenant furthermore the model can also identify price negotiation points between tenants for some product streams which may show sensitivity on the plant capacity of each tenant

a hard nut to crack implementing supply chain sustainability in an emerging economy abstract in the last decade sustainable supply chain management has become a key topic in the sustainability literature as well as a buzzword in industry and policy circles although research has made substantial contributions there is a lack of understanding on how focal companies operating in emerging economies can lead the implementation of sustainability into their supply chains this research connects and advances the constructs of cleaner production sustainability and supply chains by exploring a classic case of a focal company operating in an emerging economy that even facing considerable challenges has been able to succeed in transforming its entire supply chain drawing from stakeholder theory and contingency theory this research offers four key contributions to the sustainability and supply chain discourses as follows 1 it proposes an innovation centered approach to sustainable supply chain management by adapting and extending the tcos uncertainty framework 2 it suggests that the way a focal company manages and is influenced by its established network of relationships shape the evolution of the supply chain sustainability trajectories 3 it argues that supply chains are dynamic entities and should then be considered and understood through the lenses of evolutionary approaches and 4 it suggests that the implementation and management of sustainable supply chains are context specific challenges and therefore theoretical managerial and policy generalizations are difficult to be achieved

price maker economic bidding in two settlement pool based markets the case of time shiftable loads in this paper a new scenario based stochastic optimization framework is proposed for price maker economic bidding in day ahead and real time markets the presented methodology is general and can be applied to both demand and supply bids that is no restrictive assumptions are made on the characteristics of the pool and its agents however our focus is on the operation of time shiftable loads with deadlines because they play a central role in creating load flexibility and enhancing demand response and peak load shaving programs both basic and complex time shiftable load types are addressed where the latter includes time shiftable loads that are uninterruptible have per time slot consumption limits or ramp constraints or comprise several smaller time shiftable subloads four innovative analytical steps are presented in order to transform the originally nonlinear and hard to solve price maker economic bidding optimization problem into a tractable mixed integer linear program accordingly the global optimal solutions are found for the price and energy bids within a relatively short amount of computational time a detailed illustrative case study along with multiple case studies based on the california energy market data are presented it is observed that the proposed optimal price maker economic bidding approach outperforms optimal price maker self scheduling as well as even load distribution

short run cost based pricing model for a supply chain network abstract we have studied a short run cost based pricing model of a supply chain network with multiple production and operation units first we discussed the cost based pricing model of a production unit and explained the distinguishing feature of the cost function an average cost decreases as the output increases second we extended the model to include multiple production and operation units and then presented a short run cost based pricing model of a supply chain network with multiple production and operation units the cost function is considered as a monotonic multi dimensional mapping third we discussed the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the above model we found if the system is profitable there is at least a meaningful solution and the solution usually is not unique that is to say the low cost price solution can be found by an iterative method according to the kantorovich theorem and it is possible that there is another high cost price solution finally we illustrated the model with an example

p graph approach for gdp optimal allocation of resources commodities and capital in economic systems under climate change induced crisis conditions abstract climate change impacts may manifest via multiple pathways often leading to a shortage of resources reduction in production capacities or reduction in available labor inputs that are vital for economic activities effective climate change adaptation strategies are needed to determine the optimal allocation of scarce resources commodities or capital under crisis conditions to minimize the economic consequences in such cases it is necessary to account for structural properties of economic systems to ensure that rational distribution policies are implemented input output models are used to illustrate interdependencies among economic sectors and to assess both direct and indirect effects of disruptive events alternatively these interdependencies may be exploited for developing effective recovery efforts to minimize the ripple effects of a crisis in this paper a process graph representation of the input output model is developed to generate a rational procedure for the allocation of scarce resources commodities or capital during crisis conditions the process graph model is a graph theoretic approach originally developed for chemical process design applications the analogous problem structure allows it to be used for the input output system the method is demonstrated through several case studies to identify allocation policies geared towards reducing the impact of disruptions attributed to critical resources commodities or capital results show that depending on the economic structure the optimal allocation of scarce resources commodities or capital will satisfy the final demands of some economic sectors and reduce the production capacity of others in order to minimize the reduction of total gross domestic product though similar results can be obtained through traditional mathematical programming models the process graph platform has the advantage to visually present the distribution of scarce resources commodities or capital within the system this work is a first attempt to implement the process graph approach in the fields of economics and climate change adaptation in conclusion the process graph based approach developed in this work can be used to provide policymakers with insights in developing appropriate risk mitigation plans associated with climate change induced crisis conditions potential applications include both the development of disaster preparedness measures for anticipated disruptions as well as the implementation of real time emergency response in the midst of a crisis

life cycle variations in the association between current and lifetime income replication and extension for sweden we apply haider and solon s generalized errors in variables model to swedish income tax data to produce estimates of the association between current and lifetime income our estimates demonstrate strong life cycle patterns this implies that the widespread use of current income as a proxy for lifetime income leads to inconsistent parameter estimates i e life cycle bias even when the proxy is used as the dependent variable estimates for comparable cohorts of swedish and american men demonstrate surprising similarities there are however significant gender and cohort differences in this association that lead to statistically significant and quantitatively meaningful differences in life cycle biases

snapshots versus movies empirical studies of the intergenerational inheritance of economic status should use observations on complete lifetime status profiles of parents and children to be consistent with underlying theory but they cannot only snapshots rather than movies on status are currently available in samples estimates of the degree of intergenerational inheritance may therefore be subject to lifecycle biases the paper investigates these in the context of a lifecycle earnings model and shows that these biases may be large that their direction varies and that correction methods suggested hitherto have questionable reliability until more complete data sets become available researchers should be more temperate in the conclusions they draw

a nonparametric nonclassical measurement error approach to estimating intergenerational mobility elasticities this article provides a framework for estimating intergenerational mobility elasticities iges of children s income with respect to parental income we allow the iges to be heterogeneous by leavi

analytical assumptions and causal ordering in interindustry modeling since the publication of leontief s path breaking work the overwhelming majority of applications of inter industry models have relied on the standard model of demand driven production functions even when the exogenous perturbation originated on the supply side 13 for some time now in fact some economists have been suggesting an alternative to the standard model in situations of supply constraints 8 58 64 9 1 249 69 10 5 447 54 6 281 89 however this alternative model relying on supply constrained allocation functions is not based on the precepts of standard microeconomic theory rather than assuming that input shares are constant as in the standard model the alternative model assumes that output shares are constant an assumption which is not tied to any demonstrated optimizing behavior on the part of firms both models would seem to be somewhat limited the standard model due to its demand only orientation the alternative model due to its untested analytical underpinnings 1 in fact as this paper demonstrates there is an inherent symmetry underlying interindustry analysis the standard leontief interindustry model can be formulated to directly analyze supply constrained perturbations just as the ghoshian allocation model can be formulated to directly handle demand induced perturbations that is there actually exist four frameworks for employing interindustry models that are differentiated by the analytical assumptions i e production or allocation function and the causal ordering i e demand driven or supply contrained employed this paper demonstrates the four frameworks discusses the rationales for their use and provides illustrative results based on their application to the 1967 u s interindustry table section ii of this paper develops the four theoretical frameworks and demonstrates their symmetry simple empirical results are presented in section iii together with some recommended potential applications conclusions are offered in the final section

multiple objective analysis of input output models for emergency management this paper shows how a visual interactive dynamic multiple objective linear programming decision support system can effectively be used for analyzing input output models we have applied our approach to studying the quantitative effects of economic or political crises to the finnish economy examples of such crises are nuclear power plant accidents trade embargoes and international conflicts an input output model of the finnish economy with 17 industries sectors is employed our system has been implemented on a microcomputer and is being used by the national board of economic defense several typical case situations are discussed

a system dynamic approach for exploring the effects of climate change risks on firms economic performance a number of studies have recently examined the potential relationships between climate change and the business community the majority of such studies have emphasized statistical and benchmarking techniques to identify how climate change could have implications on firms operations and their economic performance these techniques draw primary data from questionnaire surveys and corporate environmental reports in an ex post basis a fact that provide evidence in a linear probabilistic and static character these studies have provided limited insights regarding the future complex effects of climate change on corporate economic performance this paper aims to contribute to this literature by developing a dynamic model to investigate the evolutionary trends of the relationships between climate change risks financial performance and the operational processes of firms the main scope is to identify how physical regulatory reputational and litigation risks will affect day to day operations an integrated model will be established in order to improve managers and academics understanding of climate change and business performance four scenarios will also be tested to illustrate what if relationships in the presence of climate change risks finally the proposed model is based on the corporate climate change management system thinking system dynamic and stella software

a closer look at demand bids in california iso energy market one year of demand bids in the california energy market are analyzed and observations are reported on type size shape and other characteristics of the bids the implications of these observations the underlying causes and the potentials to improve demand bids by exploiting load flexibility are discussed

assessment of sustainability indicators for renewable energy technologies the non combustion based renewable electricity generation technologies were assessed against a range of sustainability indicators and using data obtained from the literature the indicators used to assess each technology were price of generated electricity greenhouse gas emissions during full life cycle of the technology availability of renewable sources efficiency of energy conversion land requirements water consumption and social impacts the cost of electricity greenhouse gas emissions and the efficiency of electricity generation were found to have a very wide range for each technology mainly due to variations in technological options as well as geographical dependence of each renewable energy source the social impacts were assessed qualitatively based on the major individual impacts discussed in literature renewable energy technologies were then ranked against each indicator assuming that indicators have equal importance for sustainable development it was found that wind power is the most sustainable followed by hydropower photovoltaic and then geothermal wind power was identified with the lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions the least water consumption demands and with the most favourable social impacts comparing to other technologies but requires larger land and has high relative capital costs

intergenerational income mobility among daughters new evidence on daughters intergenerational mobility in a framework that encompasses women not in the labor force using broader measures of economic status than just the women s own earnings is presented and the role of husbands earnings is highlighted a parallel analysis of sons mobility is performed intergenerational transmission of income status may be weaker for daughters than for sons but is still quite substantial assortative mating is an important element in the intergenerational transmission process

developing an input output activity matrix ioam for environmental and economic analysis of manufacturing systems and logistics chains abstract an activity matrix am shows the activities that transform an organization s inputs into outputs the inputs are the system targets and the materials energy and other resources that are used to achieve these the outputs are the system performance expressed in terms of production quality profit environmental performance waste etc performance may be measured against the financial environmental technical social or other system targets a concurrent enterprise view is used to represent the manufacturing system activities and the paper examines how an am may be used to represent and design systems two kinds of am are examined an unconstrained activity matrix and an input output activity matrix ioam with an unconstrained am the system designer chooses system outputs attributes or requirements intuitively this provides great flexibility and allows e g the social and organisational implications of proposed changes to be investigated the inputs are not formally stated although a systems designer normally focuses on identifying the stages of a product life cycle and analysing their impact on the system s outputs the main emphasis of the paper is on the ioam and its use to represent the transformation of an organization s inputs into outputs the input output representation developed in the paper is used to examine manufacturing and logistics systems first the ioam is used to represent a manufacturing system as one tier of a logistics chain and its performance secondly the ioam representations may be derived for a multi tier system to represent its production economic and environmental performance

input output models for the analysis of a local global supply chain abstract a supply chain can be analysed as a network of production processes which can be localised within and outside a given geographic area each process can be defined as a system that produces output flows in consequence of input flows in this paper an input output approach based on production processes is used to develop specific models that investigate flows among production processes either of a whole global supply chain or of a part of the supply chain localised within a given area local by product and waste outputs are also considered the developed models can help improve design and management of supply chains also in terms of sustainable development of a local area in fact this use of the input output analysis entails a deeper understanding of the relationships among the processes and the environment

the inheritance of inequality how level is the intergenerational playing field what are the causal mechanisms that underlie the intergenerational transmission of economic status are these mechanisms amenable to public policies in a way that would make the attainment of economic success more fair these are the questions we will try to answer

bidding strategies in oligopolistic dynamic electricity double sided auctions in this paper the problem of developing bidding strategies in oligopolistic dynamic electricity double sided auctions is studied we model electricity double sided auctions as dynamic systems and use nash cournot strategies for the market participants generating firms and load serving entities through simulation studies we compare the efficiency and competitiveness of electricity double sided auctions to those of electricity supplier only auctions using the developed bidding strategies

leontief versus ghoshian price and quantity models the classical demand driven input output model dates back to leontief 24 25 its economically complete opposite the so called supply driven input output model was developed almost forty years ago by ghosh 16 whereas its first application came more than ten years later by augustinovics 1 followed by giarratani 18 the first theoretical reservations were formulated another ten years later by giarratani 19 and oosterhaven 31 140 1 despite these reservations the model came more or less en vogue in the 1980s several applications appeared at best paying only lip service to this earlier critique 10 5 moreover without much reservations the model also entered the major input output textbook 28 317 22 while uncritical generalizations and reiterations appeared in the theoretical literature 8 3 9 then a heavy discussion about the economic underpinning of the supply driven quantity model was initiated by oosterhaven 33 36 21 34 with that debate the enthusiasm to perform downright applications of the supply driven model seems to have diminished literally in the footnotes of that debate the non existence the mathematics and the possible economic interpretation of the dual price version of the supply driven model was discussed 33 34 independently of this discussion davar 9 presented the dual model in extension but did not discuss the economic plausibility of the underlying economic assumptions nor their implications in view of the misinterpretations and misuse of the quantity version of the supply driven model this contribution aims at an early evaluation of its price version that is as complete and as balanced as possible it is well known that the dual version of the regular input output model is used to simulate cost push inflationary processes 26 188 201 7 246 other applications relate to for instance the price effects of pollution abatement 17 effects of rising energy cost 29 and energy price effects in multiregional or in extended interregional models 35 32 of course this dual price version of the leontief model is based on the same stringent standard assumptions of the quantity version and on some heavy additional assumptions that are made for the price version 37 naturally the potential use of the dual of the supply driven model lies in the simulation of demand pull inflationary processes as opposed to the cost push applications of the dual leontief model hence part of our evaluation will be directed toward the question whether such applications are justified from an economic point of view or not our discussion will start in the next section with a brief summary of the leontief quantity and

intergenerational top income mobility in sweden capitalist dynasties in the land of equal opportunity this paper presents new evidence on intergenerational mobility at the top of the income and earnings distributions using a large dataset of matched father son pairs in sweden we find that intergenerational transmission is very strong at the top more so for income than for earnings at the extreme top top 0 1 income transmission is remarkable with an intergenerational elasticity of approximately 0 9 we also study potential transmission mechanisms and find that iq non cognitive skills and education of the sons are all unlikely channels in explaining the strong transmission within the top percentile increases in the income of the fathers if they are related at all are negatively associated with these variables wealth on the other hand has a significantly positive association our results suggest that sweden known for having relatively high intergenerational mobility in general is a society in which transmission remains strong at the very top of the distribution and wealth is the most likely channel

input output inoperability model for the risk analysis of eco industrial parks abstract an eco industrial park eip is formed by a set of manufacturing and service businesses located together in a bounded geographic area and interconnected in industrial symbiosis is aiming at enhancing environmental economic and social performances of the eip itself and its individual industrial actors ia connections of ia to critical infrastructures ci such as for electricity and water supply together with the newly created is interconnections make eip vulnerable to disruptive events propagation whereby a failure in a ci outside eip may propagate to eip and its ia in a cascading effect the interdependencies created by the interconnections of various ci and is in the eip should be closely investigated in order to predict the behaviour of the interconnected eip to evaluate the risk of disruptive events propagation and propose mitigation solutions different approaches exists for this requiring different levels of details model sophistication and complexity data for parameters estimation the present paper focuses on the expert based input output inoperability model iim and proposes a methodology for its complete deployment on the existing eip of kalundborg the results obtained from the application to this eip can be used to provide guidance for establishing measures of resilience to disruptive events in terms of possible technological solutions and adjustment strategies to increase overall eip resilience

estimating the economic impacts of power supply interruptions abstract the cost of power system rationing which is a crucial parameter for determining optimal resilience investments is usually estimated using reduced form linear models or ordinary input output analysis however such methods do not properly address either consumers rational reactions to rationing policy or policy design nonlinearities to solve this problem this paper estimates the effects of power system rationing using a general equilibrium model the model solution shows that the power cut distribution among industries is a critical variable for quantifying policy effects and provides insights into optimal policy design