Compound: lactic acid
SMILES: O=C(O)C(O)C
InChIKey: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synonyms: lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, DL-Lactic acid, 50-21-5, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, Milk acid, Tonsillosan, Racemic lactic acid, Ordinary lactic acid, Acidum lacticum, Ethylidenelactic acid, Lactovagan, Milchsaeure, Lactic acid, dl-, Kyselina mlecna, Lacticum acidum, Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid, Lactic acid USP, 598-82-3, Aethylidenmilchsaeure, (RS)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure, FEMA No. 2611, Milchsaure, Lurex, Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-, SY-83, Purac FCC 80, Purac FCC 88, (+-)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, Cheongin Haewoohwan, Cheongin Haejanghwan, NSC-367919, alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid, AI3-03130, HIPURE 88, Lactic acid,buffered, INS NO.270, DTXSID7023192, INS-270, 3B8D35Y7S4, E 270, DTXCID003192, E-270, CHEBI:78320, 2 Hydroxypropanoic Acid, E270, Synoshield, Dermaplex, ExfoliatingGel, Synofilm, LacticPlus, Chloroxide A, (2RS)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, Encore Pre/Post, Lactic acid, dl, Soft-San, CD2 Activator, D Lactic Acid, Lactate, Ammonium, Pro-San Activator, Cheongin Samrakhwan, Aura Teat Scrubber, Dermaplex Pre-Post, Cover All Part A, Cover II Part A, CD2-FB Activator, CD2-HD Activator, CD2-LV Activator, Soft Chlor Part A, Xtra BLU Part A, Atlas Prep Activator, Aztec Gold Activator, Opti-Guard Activator, Lactic Acid Pre Dip, Non-Iodine Teat Dip, Fresh Morning Bifidus, Orbit Clean Activator, Ultra-Guard Activator, Valiant Express Prime, Lactic Acid Teat Dip, GEA Velocity Part A, Prep 8X RTU, Pro-San LV Activator, Dermaplex PrePost JPN, Integrity Blue Part A, Uddercare Plus Part A, Atlas Barrier Activator, Cover All RF Part A, RefChem:6451, 2 Hydroxypropionic Acid, Atlas PrePost Activator, Chlorsan 105 Part A, Lactic acid, unspecified, Sodium Chlorite Teat Dip, Uddercare Barrier Part A, XT Barrier BLU Part A, EpiStar Barrier Activator, Ultra-Guard HV Activator, CD2-X11-LD Activator, PREP 8X4 CONC, XT-1 Pre-Post Part A, XTRA 7 PART A, ChloraGuard 105 Part A, Gladiator Barrier Activator, Udderstar Barrier Activator, EpiStar Pre-Post Activator, Gladiator PostMax Activator, Gladiator PrepMax Activator, Integrity Pre-Post Part A, Soft Chlor Barrier Part A, XTRA GUARD (Part A), PREP 8X8, Pro-San LV Plus Activator, UdderStar PrePost Activator, XTRA BLU Conc. Part A, Gladiator Pre-Post Activator, Non-Iodine Barrier Teat Dip, Fresh Morning Bifidus Bifidus, 05%/5% Elite Barrier Dip, DiOxi Star Pre-Post Activator, Gladiator BLU Winter Activator, 33X04XA5AT, Gladiator BLU Barrier Activator, CD-10 A Concentrated Activator, Gladiator BLU Pre-Post Activator, Udderstar Gold Pre-Post Activator, DTXSID901015667, iShanCare Vaginal Antibacterial Gel, X12 Pre-Post Activator Concentrate, LACTIC Acid 35 Skin Chemical Peel, LACTIC Acid 50 Skin Chemical Peel, LACTIC Acid 70 Skin Chemical Peel, LACTIC Acid 90 Skin Chemical Peel, Chlorsan 105 Barrier Teat Dip Part A, Chlorsan Teat Scrubber Concentrate Part A, Chlorine Dioxide Pre-Post Milking Teat Dip, GEA Bi-Sept Activator Pre-Post Milking Non-Iodine Teat Dip, 200-018-0, 209-954-4, 825-250-5, CHEBI:28358, hydron;2-hydroxypropanoate, DL-Milchsaeure, (+/-)-Lactic acid, 1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid, DL- lactic acid, Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova, 2-Hydroxypropionicacid, CCRIS 2951, HSDB 800, NSC 367919, .alpha.-Hydroxypropanoic acid, .alpha.-Hydroxypropionic acid, (+/-)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, MFCD00004520, NCGC00090972-01, 2-hydroxy-propionic acid, Lactic acid (natural), C01432, DL-Lactic Acid (90%), Milchsaure [German], Lactic acid [JAN], Biolac, FEMA Number 2611, Kyselina mlecna [Czech], Propanoic acid, hydroxy-, 163894-00-6, Chem-Cast, Cheongin samrakhan, CAS-50-21-5, (R)-2-Hydroxy-propionic acid;H-D-Lac-OH, Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova [Czech], EINECS 200-018-0, EINECS 209-954-4, Lactic acid [USP:JAN], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128929, BRN 5238667, lactasol, 1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid, UNII-3B8D35Y7S4, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid, L-isomer, Lactate (Standard), 4b5w, Lactic acid, tech grade, Propanoic acid, (+-), DL-Lactic Acid, Racemic, SCHEMBL999, (.+/-.)-Lactic acid, EC 200-018-0, Lactic acid (7CI,8CI), Lactic acid (JP18/USP), Lactic acid, 85%, FCC, Lactic Acid, Racemic, USP, NCIOpen2_000884, LACTIC ACID (+-), SCHEMBL97281, DL-LACTIC ACID [MI], LACTIC ACID [WHO-IP], SCHEMBL910471, (RS)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, LACTICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], orb1680007, orb3025421, SCHEMBL1670367, SCHEMBL2945151, DL-Lactic Acid (90per cent), CHEMBL1200559, Lactic acid, natural, >=85%, SCHEMBL15902696, BDBM23233, HY-B2227R, L-lactic acid or dl-lactic acid, Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, FCC, LACTIC ACID, DL- [II], DL-Lactic acid, ~90% (T), DL-Lactic acid, AR, >=88%, DL-Lactic acid, LR, >=88%, HMS5085M12, Lactic Acid (mixture of polymers), DL- LACTIC ACID [WHO-DD], Lactic Acid, 10 Percent Solution, HY-B2227, Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- (9CI), Tox21_111049, Tox21_202455, Tox21_303616, BBL027466, EBC-04352, NSC367919, SBB065762, STL282744, AKOS000118855, AKOS017278364, MSK4413-1000W, Tox21_111049_1, ACIDUM LACTICUM [WHO-IP LATIN], DB04398, FL14256, SB44647, SB44652, Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,(.+/-.)-, 2-Hydroxypropionic acid, DL-Lactic acid, NCGC00090972-02, NCGC00090972-03, NCGC00257515-01, NCGC00260004-01, 849585-22-4, FP158009, Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, Reagent, ACS, (R)-Lactate;(R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid;, DB-071134, DB-347146, Lactic acid Solution in Water, 1000ug/mL, CS-0021601, L0226, Polylactic acid - MW 40,000~80,000, EN300-19542, Lactic acid, meets USP testing specifications, D00111, F71201, H57994, DL-Lactic acid, SAJ first grade, 85.0-92.0%, F995229, F996693, Q161249, 2-Hydroxypropionic acid, Natural, Kosher Certified, DL-Lactic acid, JIS special grade, 85.0-92.0%, Dl-alpha-hydroxypropionic acid;2-hydroxypropionic acid, F2191-0200, Z104474158, BC10F553-5D5D-4388-BB74-378ED4E24908, Lactic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Lactic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, DL-Lactic acid 90%, synthetic, meets the analytical specifications of Ph. Eur., 152-36-3
Theoretical properties:
molecular_formula: C3H6O3
molecular_weight: 90.08 g/mol
exact_mass: 90.031694049 g/mol
formal_charge: 0
hydrogen_bond_donor_count: 2
hydrogen_bond_acceptor_count: 3
rotatable_bond_count: 1
heavy_atom_count: 6
topological_polar_surface_area: 57.5 Å²
isotope_atom_count: 0
covalently_bonded_unit_count: 1
Physical properties:
physical_state: Crystals (melt at 16.8 °C)
color: Crystals (melt at 16.8 °C)
odor: Odorless
density: 1.2 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
flash_point: 113 °C (235 °F) - closed cup
vapor_pressure: 0.08 [mmHg]
Descriptions:
{"pubchem": "2-hydroxypropanoic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a lactate.", "chebi": "A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the \u03b1-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.", "chembl": "LACTIC ACID is a small molecule listed in the ChEMBL database and has reached clinical trial phase 4.0.", "wikipedia": "Lactic acid is an organic acid with the molecular formula C3H6O3. In its solid state, it is white and miscible with water. When dissolved, it forms a colorless solution. Production includes both artificial synthesis and natural sources. Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group. It is a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and in various biochemical industries. The conjugate base of lactic acid is called lactate (or the lactate anion). The name of the derived acyl group is lactoyl.\nIn solution, it can ionize by a loss of a proton to produce the lactate ion CH3CH(OH)CO2\u2013, also known as 2-hydroxypropanoate. Compared to acetic acid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning that lactic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid. This higher acidity is the consequence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the \u03b1-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.\nLactic acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers. One is known as L-lactic acid, (S)-lactic acid, or (+)-lactic acid, and the other, its mirror image, is D-lactic acid, (R)-lactic acid, or (\u2212)-lactic acid. A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-lactic acid, or racemic lactic acid. Lactic acid is hygroscopic. DL-Lactic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point, which is 16\u201318 \u00b0C (61\u201364 \u00b0F). D-Lactic acid and L-lactic acid have a higher melting point. Lactic acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, although certain species of bacteria produce solely D-lactic acid. On the other hand, lactic acid produced by fermentation in animal muscles has the (L) enantiomer and is sometimes called \"sarcolactic\" acid, from the Greek sarx, meaning \"flesh\".\nIn animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. This reaction is reversible and redox-linked: LDH reduces pyruvate to lactate using NADH as an electron donor, simultaneously regenerating NAD\u207a required for glycolysis under anaerobic conditions. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1\u20132 mMTooltip millimolar at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during intense exertion and as high as 25 mM afterward. In addition to other biological roles, L-lactic acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).\nIn industry, lactic acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria, which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose to lactic acid. These bacteria can also grow in the mouth; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as cavities. In medicine, lactate is one of the main components of lactated Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution. These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with lactate and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood. It is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or burns.\nLactic acid is produced in human tissues when the demand for oxygen is limited by the supply. This occurs during tissue ischemia when the flow of blood is limited as in sepsis or hemorrhagic shock. It may also occur when demand for oxygen is high, such as with intense exercise. The process of lactic acidosis produces lactic acid, which results in an oxygen debt, which can be resolved or repaid when tissue oxygenation improves."}