Compound: carbon dioxide
SMILES: O=C=O
InChIKey: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synonyms: carbon dioxide, carbonic anhydride, 124-38-9, carbonic acid gas, Carbonic acid anhydride, methanedione, Carbonica, Kohlendioxyd, Carbon oxide, di-, Kohlensaure, Khladon 744, After-damp, AER Fixus, Anhydride carbonique, Dioxido de carbono, Dioxyde de carbone, Carbon oxide (CO2), R 744, Carbon-12 dioxide, INS NO.290, DTXSID4027028, INS-290, E-290, 142M471B3J, E290, CHEBI:16526, Dioxide, Carbon, Anhydride, Carbonic, Dry ice (solid, Carbon Dioxide Air, Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen, RefChem:6625, Carbon Dioxide Compressed, Carbon Dioxide Air Mixture, Carbon Dioxide Refrigerated, CARBON DIOXIDE, USP, DTXCID507028, Air 90% Carbon Dioxide 10%, 204-696-9, Dry ice, CO2, Cardice, Drikold, HSDB 516, UN1013, UN1845, UN2187, Dry ice (solid form), Kohlensaure [German], Caswell No. 163, Kohlendioxyd [German], Dioxyde de carbone [French], Dioxido de carbono [Spanish], Anhydride carbonique [French], Carbon dioxide [USP], EINECS 204-696-9, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 016601, dioxidocarbon, epoxyketone, Dioxomethane, Dricold, carbon dioxid, dry-ice, Dioxomethane #, methane, dioxo-, UNII-142M471B3J, Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid, Carbonic acid, gas, Makr carbon dioxide, SCHEMBL916, CARBON DIOXIDE [II], CARBON DIOXIDE [MI], CARBON DIOXIDE [FCC], CARBON DIOXIDE [JAN], 18923-20-1, Carbon dioxide (JP18/USP), CARBON DIOXIDE [HSDB], Carbon dioxide, >=99.8%, CARBON DIOXIDE [VANDF], CARBON DIOXIDE [MART.], CARBON DIOXIDE [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1231871, SCHEMBL12376937, BDBM10856, Carbon dioxide, solid or dry ice, [CO2], CARBON DIOXIDE [GREEN BOOK], CARBON DIOXIDE [EP IMPURITY], NSC-81688, CARBON DIOXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH], CARBON DIOXIDE [USP MONOGRAPH], DB09157, UN 1013, UN 1845, UN 2187, CARBON DIOXIDE (13C; 18O2), Carbon dioxide, puriss., >=99.998%, E 290, NS00076302, Q1997, R-744, C00011, Carbon dioxide [UN1013]  [Nonflammable gas], Carbon dioxide, Messer(R) CANgas, 99.995%, D00004, Carbon Dioxide Std CO2 standard 2g/L (2mL ampoules), Carbon Dioxide Std CO2 standard 3g/L (2mL ampoules), Carbon Dioxide Std CO2 standard 4g/L (2mL ampoules), Carbon Dioxide Std CO2 standard 6g/L (2mL ampoules), Carbon dioxide, solid or dry ice [UN1845]  [Class 9], Carbon dioxide (99.8%), cylinder of 14 L, analytical standard, Carbon dioxide (99.8%), cylinder of 48 L, analytical standard, Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid [UN2187]  [Nonflammable gas], 26796-46-3, 2684-00-6
Theoretical properties:
molecular_formula: CO2
molecular_weight: 44.009 g/mol
exact_mass: 43.989829239 g/mol
formal_charge: 0
hydrogen_bond_donor_count: 0
hydrogen_bond_acceptor_count: 2
rotatable_bond_count: 0
heavy_atom_count: 3
topological_polar_surface_area: 34.1 Å²
isotope_atom_count: 0
covalently_bonded_unit_count: 1
Physical properties:
physical_state: Colorless  gas
color: Colorless  gas
odor: Odorless
boiling_point: Sublimes (NIOSH, 2024)
melting_point: -109.3 °F (USCG, 1999)
density: 1.56 at -110.2 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
solubility: 0.2 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
flash_point: Not applicable
vapor_pressure: 56.5 atm (NIOSH, 2024)
Descriptions:
{"pubchem": "Carbon dioxide is a one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an anaesthetic, a solvent, an antagonist, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a member of greenhouse gas, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite, a member of food packaging gas, a food propellant and a refrigerant. It is a gas molecular entity, a carbon oxide and a one-carbon compound.", "chebi": "A one-carbon compound with formula CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.", "chembl": "CARBON DIOXIDE is a small molecule listed in the ChEMBL database and has reached clinical trial phase 3.0.", "wikipedia": "Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO2. It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in a gas state at room temperature and at normally-encountered concentrations it is odorless. As the source of carbon in the carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2 is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater.\nIt is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 428 parts per million (ppm), or about 0.043% (as of July 2025) having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm or about 0.028%. Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of these increased CO2 concentrations, which are the primary cause of climate change.\nIts concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by organisms and geological features. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in a process called photosynthesis, which produces oxygen as a waste product. In turn, oxygen is consumed and CO2 is released as waste by all aerobic organisms when they metabolize organic compounds to produce energy by respiration. CO2 is released from organic materials when they decay or combust, such as in forest fires. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonate and mainly bicarbonate (HCO\u22123), which causes ocean acidification as atmospheric CO2 levels increase.\nCarbon dioxide is 53% denser than dry air, but is long-lived and thoroughly mixes in the atmosphere. About half of excess CO2 emissions to the atmosphere are absorbed by land and ocean carbon sinks. These sinks can become saturated and are volatile, as decay and wildfires result in the CO2 being released back into the atmosphere. CO2, or the carbon it holds, is eventually sequestered (stored for the long term) in rocks and organic deposits like coal, petroleum and natural gas.\n\nNearly all CO2 produced by humans goes into the atmosphere. Less than 1% of CO2 produced annually is put to commercial use, mostly in the fertilizer industry and in the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery. Other commercial applications include food and beverage production, metal fabrication, cooling, fire suppression and stimulating plant growth in greenhouses."}