Itaykhealth/K-QA huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the most common cause of dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men?

Answer: The most common cause of dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). STIs can result in inflammation of the urethra (urethritis), epididymis (epididymitis), and prostate (prostatitis). These conditions are associated with dysuria and an urgent, frequent need to urinate. Signs and symptoms of urethritis may also include pain during sexual intercourse and itching at the tip of the penis. Epididymitis usually presents with a swollen, painful scrotum, and prostatitis is associated with pain in the perineum. Discharge from the penis can be a sign of an STI. The most common STIs are gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Diagnostic evaluation typically includes a physical examination, medical and sexual history taking, and urine tests such as urinalysis, urine culture, and urethral swabs. 

Key facts the answer must include:
The most common cause of dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
STIs can result in inflammation of the urethra (urethritis)
STIs can result in inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis)
STIs can result in inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis)
Urethritis can be associated with dysuria and an urgent, frequent need to urinate
 prostatitis can be associated with dysuria and an urgent, frequent need to urinate
epididymitis can be associated with dysuria and an urgent, frequent need to urinate
Additional relevant facts: Urethritis may also include pain during sexual intercourse and itching at the tip of the penis
Epididymitis usually presents with a swollen, painful scrotum
Prostatitis is associated with pain in the perineum
Discharge from the penis can be a sign of an STI
The most common STIs are gonorrhoea and chlamydia
Diagnostic evaluation for dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men typically includes a physical examination
Diagnostic evaluation for dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men typically includes medical and sexual history taking
Diagnostic evaluation for dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men typically includes urine tests such as urinalysis
Diagnostic evaluation for dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men typically includes urine tests such as urine culture
Diagnostic evaluation for dysuria in young, sexually active, healthy men typically includes urine tests such as urethral swabs
Question: What is the most safe amount of Advil to take at one time

Answer: The maximal safe amount of Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for healthy adults is 800 milligrams per dose or 3200 mg per day (4 maximum doses), and this dose is only safe as a short-term treatment and not for chronic use. It is safest to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration of time in order to avoid unwanted side effects. It is advisable to consult your healthcare provider before the initialization of the medication if you have chronic medical conditions such as renal or hepatic impairment.

Key facts the answer must include:
The maximal safe amount of Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) for healthy adults is 800 milligrams per dose
 The maximal safe amount of Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) for healthy adults is 3200 mg per day (4 maximum doses)
 This dose of Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) is only safe as a short-term treatment and not for chronic use
 It is safest to use the lowest effective dose of Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin)
 It is safest to use Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) for the shortest duration of time to avoid unwanted side effects
Additional relevant facts: It is advisable to consult your healthcare provider before the initialization of Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) if you have chronic medical conditions such as renal or hepatic impairment
Question: What medications are contraindicated for a pregnant woman with ulcerative colitis?

Answer: During pregnancy, Methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, RediTrex) and thalidomide (Contergan, Thalomid) should not be used to treat ulcerative colitis due to high risks for the developing fetus. Instead, aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine and mesalamine), immunomodulators (azathioprine, cyclosporine A,6-mercaptopurine), and corticosteroids are potential options. However, biological agents like Infliximab, Adalimumab, Vedolizumab, and Ustekinumab are usually avoided during pregnancy as their safety in pregnancy is not yet established. Treatment for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy should be tailored by your OBGYN and gastroenterologist.

Key facts the answer must include:
Thalidomide (Contergan, Thalomid) is contraindicated for treatment of ulcerative colitis in pregnancy
 Methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, RediTrex) is contraindicated for treatment of ulcerative colitis in pregnancy
 Treatment for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy should be tailored by your OBGYN and gastroenterologist.
Additional relevant facts: Treatment for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy with biological agents such as Vedolizumab is generally avoided as their safety in pregnancy is not well established yet
 Treatment for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy with biological agents such as Adalimumab is generally avoided as their safety in pregnancy is not well established yet
 Treatment for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy with biological agents such as Ustekinumab is generally avoided as their safety in pregnancy is not well established yet
 Corticosteroids are possible drugs for treatment of ulcerative colitis during pregnancy
 Aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine and mesalamine) are possible drugs for treatment of ulcerative colitis during pregnancy
 Immunomodulators (azathioprine, cyclosporine A, 6-mercaptopurine) are possible drugs for treatment of ulcerative colitis during pregnancy
 Treatment for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy with biological agents such as Infliximab is generally avoided as their safety in pregnancy is not well established yet
Question: What should do if I get a fever?

Answer: The average body temperature ranges from 35.3 to 37.7°C (95.5 to 99.9°F), and anything above 37.8°C (100.0°F) is typically considered a fever. Fevers are commonly associated with infectious diseases, but can also be a symptom of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Treating a fever can help alleviate accompanying symptoms like headaches, muscle and joint pain, or febrile seizures in children. Medications like acetaminophen (paracetamol) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can be used to lower fever. Acetaminophen is usually recommended first due to fewer side effects than NSAIDs, but short-term use of either drug is safe for healthy individuals without kidney or liver impairment. While viral fevers generally resolve on their own and do not require further treatment, cases of high or prolonged fever or additional symptoms require medical attention and diagnosis. It's important to consult with a physician in these cases.

Key facts the answer must include:
In cases of very high fever, sustained fever or accompanying symptoms, one should be checked by a physician.
 In cases of very high fever, sustained fever or accompanying symptoms, diagnosing and treating the cause of fever is needed.
 Antipyretic medication such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ibuprofen) can be used to treat fever.
Additional relevant facts: Most cases of fever are due to viral infections and are self-limited, not requiring additional treatment.
 Treatment of fever can help prevent febrile seizure in children.
 Treatment of fever can help reduce accompanying symptoms such as headaches and muscle and joint ache.
 Fever is a symptom most commonly seen in infectious diseases.
 Fever can also be a symptom in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
 Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is usually the first recommendation for fever treatment due to less adverse effects compared to NSAIDs.
 Normal body temperature ranges from 35.3 to 37.7°C (95.5 to 99.9°F).
 Body temperature over 37.8°C (100.0°F) is usually considered as a fever.
 In healthy individuals with no kidney or liver impairment, short term usage of acetaminophen (paracetamol) or NSAIDs is relatively safe.
Question: What type of bacteria causes Folliculitis?

Answer: Folliculitis is most commonly caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Other bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa have also been linked to folliculitis. Additionally, folliculitis can be caused by less common factors such as viruses, fungi, parasites, and non-infectious diseases.

Key facts the answer must include:
Staphylococcus capitis has been associated with folliculitis.
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been associated with folliculitis.
 The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of folliculitis.
 Staphylococcus epidermidis has been associated with folliculitis.
Additional relevant facts: Folliculitis can be the result of non-infectious diseases.
 Folliculitis can be caused by fungi.
 Folliculitis can be caused by viruses.
 Folliculitis can be caused by parasites.
Question: What would a colonoscopy show?

Answer: A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that examines your large intestine or colon. A thin, flexible, lighted tube with a small camera is inserted through your rectum and into your colon. This procedure can be used to prevent and detect colon cancer by evaluating the colon lining. During this exam, polyps, which are growths that could be cancerous, are detected and evaluated. In some cases, they may be removed and sent for a biopsy. In addition, colonoscopy may also be used to diagnose other gastrointestinal issues such as chronic diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, and abdominal pain. If any abnormalities are found, the colonoscopy can help detect the cause. 

Key facts the answer must include:
Colonoscopy allows evaluation of the colon lining.
 Colonoscopy can detect colitis (inflammation of the colon).
 Colonoscopy is used mainly for prevention and early detection of colon cancer.
 Colonoscopy can detect cancer in the colon.
 During a colonoscopy, polyps (growth of the colon, that could possibly be cancerous) are detected, evaluated and in some cases resected and sent for a biopsy.
Additional relevant facts: Colonoscopy can be used in cases of symptoms such as other gastrointestinal issues.
 A colonoscopy is an exam of the large intestine (colon) with a thin, flexible, lighted tube and tiny camera.
 Colonoscopy can be used in cases of symptoms such as weight loss.
 Colonoscopy can be used in cases of symptoms such as abdominal pain.
 Colonoscopy can be used in cases of symptoms such as chronic diarrhea.
 The scope for a colonoscopy is put through the rectum and into the colon.
 Colonoscopy can be used in cases of symptoms such as bloody stools.
 Colonoscopy can help detect the cause of certain symptoms
Question: Whats Keratosis Pilaris

Answer: Keratosis pilaris is a skin condition among young adults, where small bumps of excess keratin develop on your skin, usually on your arms and legs. It is often seen in association with other skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris. This condition is painless, but the skin around it might be itchy, dry, rough or discolored, and it may make you feel self-conscious or insecure about your appearance. Keratosis pilaris typically doesn’t require treatment, and usually fades by age 30. Possible treatments are aimed at preventing excessive skin dryness, including using mild soaps or soap-free cleansers and avoiding hot baths or showers. Treatments include applying on the affected areas an over the counter moisturizer, preferably with ammonium lactate (AmLactin) or with alpha hydroxyl acids (CeraVe), or using topical retinoids such as Tretinoin (Retin-A, Altreno), Adapalene (Differin) and Tazarotene (Arazlo,Tazorac). Possible treatment for refractory condition include systemic retinoids, laser therapy, or other ablative procedures.

Key facts the answer must include:
Keratosis pilaris is characterized by small bumps of excess keratin developing on your skin, usually on your arms and legs.
 Keratosis pilaris is a skin condition among young adults.
Additional relevant facts: Possible treatments for Keratosis pilaris are aimed at preventing excessive skin dryness.
 Keratosis pilaris is often seen in association with other skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris.
 Applying an over the counter moisturizer, preferably with ammonium lactate (AmLactin) or with alpha hydroxyl acids (CeraVe), on the affected areas is a possible treatment for Keratosis pilaris.
 The skin around Keratosis pilaris might be itchy, dry, rough or discolored.
 Using topical retinoids such as Tretinoin (Retin-A, Altreno), Adapalene (Differin) and Tazarotene (Arazlo,Tazorac) is a possible treatment for Keratosis pilaris.
 Keratosis pilaris typically doesn’t require treatment, and usually fades by age 30.
 Possible treatment for refractory Keratosis pilaris include systemic retinoids, laser therapy, or other ablative procedures.
 Using mild soaps or soap-free cleansers and avoiding hot baths or showers are possible treatments for Keratosis pilaris.
 Keratosis pilaris may make you feel self-conscious or insecure about your appearance.
Question: Whats a cluster headache?

Answer: Cluster headache is a type of chronic and severe headache that is not life-threatening. It typically affects one side of the head, usually in or around the eye area, and is commonly described as a stabbing or sharp pain. Other symptoms that may be experienced on the affected side include tearing, redness of the eye, a stuffy or runny nose, sweating, and drooping eyelid. Cluster headache is characterized by frequent attacks of pain that can last from weeks to months, followed by a period of remission. Fortunately, there are effective treatments available that can help make cluster headache attacks shorter, less frequent, and less severe.

Key facts the answer must include:
Cluster headache is a type of chronic, severe, non-life-threatening headache.
 Symptoms of cluster headache on the affected side may include tearing.
 Cluster headache is usually one-sided, occurring in or around the eye.
 Symptoms of cluster headache on the affected side may include a stuffy or runny nose.
 Symptoms of cluster headache on the affected side may include a drooping eyelid.
 Symptoms of cluster headache on the affected side may include redness of the eye.
 There are effective treatments that can make cluster headache attacks less frequent.
 There are effective treatments that can make cluster headache attacks less severe.
 There are effective treatments that can make cluster headache attacks shorter.
 Symptoms of cluster headache on the affected side may include sweating.
 Cluster headache is characterized by bouts of frequent attacks of pain that can last from weeks to months.
 A period of remission usually follows a bout of cluster headache.
Question: Whats good for muscular pain

Answer: Muscular pain can be relieved through various treatments. Non-pharmacological treatments like muscle massage, rest, gentle stretching, and heat therapy can be helpful. Pharmacological treatments, such as pain relievers like Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and muscle relaxants like Chlorzoxazone (Lorzone), Carisoprodol (Soma), and Metaxalone (Skelaxin) can also alleviate pain. Topical creams or gels containing Methyl salicylate Menthol (Icy Hot) and Trolamine salicylate (Aspercreme) can also ease muscle soreness. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience severe pain, muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, or high fever or if the pain lasts for more than a week.

Key facts the answer must include:
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a pharmacological treatment that may alleviate muscle pain.
 Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) is a pharmacological treatment that may alleviate muscle pain.
 Methyl salicylate Menthol (Icy Hot) is a topical cream that can help to ease muscle soreness.
 Metaxalone (Skelaxin) is a muscle relaxant that may alleviate muscle pain.
 Chlorzoxazone (Lorzone) is a muscle relaxant that may alleviate muscle pain.
 Seek medical attention if the muscle pain is severe or is functionally limiting.
 Seek medical attention if you have significant muscle weakness.
 Seek medical attention if the muscle pain lasts for more than a week.
 Seek medical attention if you have numbness or tingling in limbs.
 Carisoprodol (Soma) is a muscle relaxant that may alleviate muscle pain.
 Trolamine salicylate (Aspercreme) is a topical gel that can help to ease muscle soreness.
 Seek medical attention if you have a high fever.
Additional relevant facts: Heat therapy is a possible non-pharmacological treatment to relieve muscular pain.
 Rest may alleviate muscular pain.
 Muscle massage may alleviate muscular pain.
Question: Whats menigitis?

Answer: Meningitis is when the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord become inflamed, most commonly due to an infection. Several species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can cause this infection. Symptoms of meningitis usually include high fever, headaches, and sensitivity to light or sounds, and may consist of neck pain when bending over. A diagnosis is made through a lumbar puncture, which evaluates the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Immediate treatment is essential and should be based on the cause of the meningitis. 

Key facts the answer must include:
Meningitis usually presents with headaches.
 Meningitis is the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
 Meningitis usually presents with high fever.
 Meningitis is usually caused by an infection.
 Meningitis usually presents with sensitivity to light or sounds.
 Meningitis may presents with pain when the head is bent over.
 Treatment for meningitis should be started immediately according to the cause.
 Diagnosis of meningitis is made by lumber puncture which allows evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Additional relevant facts: Meningitis can be caused by several types of parasites.
 Meningitis can be caused by several species of bacteria.
 Meningitis can be caused by several types of viruses.
 Meningitis can be caused by several types of fungi.
Question: Whats the difference between Valtrex and Acyclovir?

Answer: Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and acyclovir (Zovirax, Sitavig) are both antiviral drugs prescribed to treat the infections caused by herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus, which include cold sores, genital herpes, chicken pox, and shingles. Acyclovir is also used to treat herpes in neonates and herpes simplex encephalitis. Molecularly speaking, Valacyclovir is a prodrug of acyclovir, which is converted into acyclovir in the body. Among other differences is that Valacyclovir is only available as oral tablets, whereas acyclovir is available as oral tablets, oral capsules, sublingual tablets, oral suspensions, creams, and injectable solutions. In addition, Valacyclovir has a longer duration of action and greater bioavailability compared to acyclovir. Therefore, an advantage of prescribing Valacyclovir is that it can be taken fewer times in a day compared to acyclovir and still has the same effect.

Key facts the answer must include:
Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and acyclovir (Zovirax, Sitavig) are both antiviral drugs prescribed to treat infections caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus.
 Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and acyclovir (Zovirax, Sitavig) are used to treat cold sores, genital herpes, chicken pox and shingles.
 Valacyclovir is a prodrug of acyclovir, which means it is converted into acyclovir in the body.
Additional relevant facts: Acyclovir (Zovirax, Sitavig) is also used to treat herpes in neonates and herpes simplex encephalitis.
 Valacyclovir can be taken fewer times in a day compared to acyclovir and still have the same effect.
 Valacyclovir is only available as oral tablets.
 Valacyclovir has a longer duration of action and greater bioavailability compared to acyclovir.
 Acyclovir is available as oral tablets, oral capsules, sublingual tablets, oral suspensions, creams and injectable solution.
Question: Which doctor should i go to for vertigo

Answer: Vertigo is a symptom of an illusory movement that some people may describe as dizziness. If you are experiencing vertigo, it is essential to determine the type and cause of your symptoms. You can consult with your general physician, who will evaluate your symptoms and perform a physical examination. If necessary, they may refer you to an otolaryngologist or a neurologist for further testing and treatment. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you experience vertigo or dizziness with any of the following symptoms: constant dizziness that doesn't go away and isn't related to head movement, difficulty speaking or understanding others speaking, weakness of face or extremities, confusion, slurred speech, inability to stand, sudden and severe headache or neck pain, difficulty swallowing, or double vision.

Key facts the answer must include:
A general physician may refer a patient with vertigo to a neurologist for further testing and treatment
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is constant and isn't related to head movement
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by inability to stand
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by difficulty speaking or understanding others speaking
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by slurred speech
 A general physician can evaluate the type and cause of vertigo through symptoms evaluation and physical examination
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by weakness of face or extremities
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by confusion
 A general physician may refer a patient with vertigo to an otolaryngologist for further testing and treatment
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by double vision
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by difficulty swallowing
 Immediate medical attention is required if vertigo or dizziness is accompanied by sudden and severe headache or neck pain
Question: Will the antibiotics prevent the lyme disease from progressing?

Answer: Antibiotic treatment is most effective in preventing the progression of Lyme disease when started in the early stage, which is usually characterized by an expanding circular red rash and flu-like illness. Within 20 days of starting treatment, most patients experience a complete resolution of signs and symptoms. However, antibiotics may not be as effective in later stages of the disease, and symptoms may persist. In such cases, some patients may need a second course of antibiotic therapy. While most cases of Lyme disease are successfully treated with antibiotics, some people may experience persisting symptoms such as fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, and cognitive difficulties. These symptoms may last for over six months after treatment and are known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS).

Key facts the answer must include:
Antibiotics can be less effective at completely resolving symptoms if not taken in the ealry stages of Lyme disease.
 Most cases of Lyme disease are successfully treated with antibiotics.
 Most patients experience a complete resolution of signs and symptoms within 20 days of starting antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease.
 Antibiotic treatment is very effective at preventing lyme disease from progressing when started in the early stage of Lyme disease.
Additional relevant facts: Patients may have to undergo a second course of antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease.
 The early stage of Lyme disease is usually characterised by an expanding circular red rash and flu-like illness.
 This condition of persisting symptoms over six months post-treatment for Lyme disease is known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS).
 Some people report persisting symptoms such as fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, and cognitive difficulties, which last over six months post-treatment for Lyme disease.
Question: Will the keflex make me throw up if Ive had a very low food intake

Answer: Keflex (Cephalexin) can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may reduce the risk of nausea and vomiting, which are possible side effects.


Key facts the answer must include:
Keflex (Cephalexin) can be taken with or without food.
 Nausea and vomiting are possible side effects of Cephalexin (Keflex).
 Taking Keflex (Cephalexin) with food may help with its side effects.
Question: Would high heart rate be caused by being overweight at all?

Answer: A normal heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm). If your heart rate is over 100 bpm, it's considered fast and is called tachycardia. While studies have shown a relationship between being overweight and having sympathetic overactivity (which can cause high blood pressure and tachycardia), most overweight individuals do not experience sinus tachycardia. However, overweight people are more prone to illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which can lead to tachycardia. If you experience tachycardia while at rest for no apparent reason, it's important to see a doctor for evaluation.

Key facts the answer must include:
Most overweight individuals do not present with sinus tachycardia.
 If tachycardia appears while resting, for no apparent reason, it is recommended to be evaluated by a physician.
 Overweight individuals may experience sympathetic overactivity, which can cause elevated blood pressure and tachycardia.
Additional relevant facts: Normal heart rate is between 60-100 beats per minute (bpm).
 Heart rate over 100 bpm is considered fast heart rate and is called tachycardia.
 Overweight individuals have a tendency for other illnesses including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which could cause tachycardia.
Question: Would it be possible to prescribe something today to help short-term (even a week) for my heart burn?

Answer: Antacids are an option to relieve mild and occasional heartburn symptoms. They provide quick relief, but the effect lasts only 30-60 minutes. Over-the-counter H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are also effective in treating heartburn, with a longer duration of action. For severe or frequent symptoms, prescription proton pump inhibitors are often recommended. In addition, certain lifestyle changes such as losing weight (if overweight or gained weight recently) and elevating the head of the bed can also help improve symptoms.

Key facts the answer must include:
Over-the-counter H2 receptor antagonists are effective for the short-term treatment of heartburn.
 Over-the-counter proton pump inhibitors are effective for the short-term treatment of heartburn.
 Antacids can be used for relief of mild intermittent heartburn symptoms.
 H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors have a longer duration of action than antacids.
 For severe or frequent heartburn symptoms, prescription proton pump inhibitors are often used.
 Antacids provide rapid relief but have a short duration of 30-60 minutes.
Additional relevant facts: Elevation of the head of the bed has been shown to improve heartburn symptoms.
 Weight loss can improve heartburn symptoms if the individual is overweight or has gained weight recently.
Question: Would you recommend something a bit stronger than meloxicam?

Answer: There are generally three main types of drugs used for pain management: acetaminophen (paracetamol), NSAIDs (like Meloxicam), and opioids. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is the least potent but has the safest side effect profile. NSAIDs are generally more potent but carry a risk of harming the kidneys and other side effects. Opioids such as Tramadol (Conzip) and Oxycodone (Oxyado, Oxycontin) are the most potent but carry a significant risk of addiction, toxicity, and cognitive and respiratory adverse effects. In case of acute and severe pain, NSAIDs like Meloxicam are often recommended. For a stronger pain relief effect, combining two drugs from different classes or medications from the opioid group is possible. It is essential to consult with a physician before changing treatment regimens due to the risk of addiction and potential side effects.

Key facts the answer must include:
Opioids such as Tramadol (Conzip) and Oxycodone (Oxyado, Oxycontin) carry a risk of toxicity
Opioids such as Tramadol (Conzip) and Oxycodone (Oxyado, Oxycontin) carry a risk of cognitive and respiratory adverse effects
Opioids such as Tramadol (Conzip) and Oxycodone (Oxyado, Oxycontin) carry a significant risk of addiction
For acute and severe pain, NSAIDs like Meloxicam are often recommended
Combining two drugs from different classes or medications from the opioid group is possible for stronger pain relief
It is essential to consult with a physician before changing treatment regimens due to the risk of addiction and potential side effects
Additional relevant facts: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is the least potent pain management drug
 Acetaminophen (paracetamol) has the safest side effect profile for pain managment
NSAIDs like Meloxicam are generally more potent than acetaminophen
NSAIDs like Meloxicam carry a risk of harming the kidneys and other side effects
Opioids such as Tramadol (Conzip) and Oxycodone (Oxyado, Oxycontin) are the most potent pain management drugs
Question: can mouth sore or mouth herpes ever appear on the chin, or NOT on the lips?

Answer: Herpes simplex virus most commonly appears on the lips and mouth but can form elsewhere on the face, such as the skin around the mouth, nose, cheeks, and chin. 

Key facts the answer must include:
Herpes simplex virus infection can cause blisters to form on the skin around the mouth, nose, cheeks and chin.
 Herpes simplex virus infection most commonly appear on the lips and mouth.
Question: do chlamdia often cure itself or does it cause permanent damage

Answer: Chlamydia is not a self-limited infection – thus, it does not cure itself, and it is essential to treat it properly to prevent further complications and decrease the risk of transmission to others. Treatment for chlamydia includes an antibiotic course and should be offered for your sexual partners as well. If you suspect you might be infected with chlamydia, you should consult your health provider for further evaluation and treatment. 

Key facts the answer must include:
It is important to treat Chlamydia properly to prevent further complications and decrease the risk of transmission to others.
 Chlamydia is not a self-limited infection and does not cure itself.
Additional relevant facts: Treatment for chlamydia includes an antibiotic course,
 Treatment for chlamydia should be offerd for the patient sex partners as well
 If you suspect you might be infected with chlamydia, you should consult your health provider for further evaluation and treatment.
Question: does a corneal abrasion usually cause discharge from the eye

Answer: Corneal abrasions are usually accompanied by eye pain, sensitivity to light, redness of the eye, and a feeling of something being in the eye. There should be no discharge other than tears. If there is discharge along with the above-mentioned symptoms, it could indicate a corneal infection which needs immediate medical attention from a healthcare provider.

Key facts the answer must include:
There should be no discharge other than tears with corneal abrasions.
 Corneal abrasions typically present with eye redness.
 Corneal abrasions typically present with sensitivity to light.
 Corneal abrasions typically present with the sensation that something is in the eye.
 Corneal abrasions typically present with eye pain.
 A corneal abrasion with discharge could indicate the presence of an infection of the cornea.
 If you are experiencing an eye discharge please consult your healthcare provider for evaluation an treatment.
Question: how would you treat a middle ear infection

Answer: The recommended treatment for middle ear infections is antibiotics. The drug of choice is often amoxicillin, which is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that effectively targets the common pathogens of an otitis media infection. In case of an allergy to penicillin or if amoxicillin proves ineffective, other antibiotics from the cephalosporin or macrolide class may be prescribed. It is important to note that your healthcare provider may not immediately prescribe antibiotics. In some cases, a wait-and-see approach is taken as the symptoms can resolve on their own. Also, while middle ear infections are common in children, they are considered rare in adults. Therefore, a proper evaluation is recommended in the case of adults with AOM. 

Key facts the answer must include:
Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is suitable for treating the common pathogens of acute otitis media (AOM).
 The drug of choice for treating acute otitis media (AOM) is usually amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin).
 In case of allergy to penicillin or lack of response from amoxicillin, other antibiotics from the cephalosporine or macrolide class could be suitable for treating acute otitis media (AOM).
 Acute otitis media (AOM) should be treated with antibiotics.
 In some cases, a wait-and-see approach is taken before starting antibiotics ,as the symptoms can resolve on their own. 
 middle ear infections are common in children
 middle ear infections  are considered rare in adults
Question: if you were to prescribe an antifungal shampoo, are there sulfate free options?

Answer: Some of the most useful and recommended antifungal shampoos, such as Ketoconazole 2% (Nizoral) and Ciclopirox (Loprox), contain sulfates. Shampoos with antifungal action which are sulfate-free include low dose Ketoconazole (Regenepure, Pura D'or), Pyrithione Zinc(Vanicream Free & Clear), and Selenium Sulfide (Vichy Dercos).

Key facts the answer must include:
Pyrithione Zinc(Vanicream Free & Clear) is a sulfate-free antifungal shampoo
 Selenium Sulfide (Vichy Dercos) is a sulfate-free antifungal shampoo
 Low dose Ketoconazole (Regenepure, Pura D'or) is a sulfate-free antifungal shampoo
Additional relevant facts: Ciclopirox (Loprox) is a recommended antifungal shampoo that contains sulfates
 Ketoconazole 2% (Nizoral) is a recommended antifungal shampoo that contains sulfates
Question: is Bacterial Vaginosis an STD?

Answer: Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal infection caused by a bacterial imbalance of the normal bacteria found in the vagina and is not a sexually transmitted disease. In bacterial vaginosis, the normal hydrogen peroxide and lactic-acid–producing Lactobacillus species in the vagina are replaced with a high concentration of anaerobic bacteria. The cause of the microbial shift that precipitates BV is not fully understood, and it has been associated with having multiple sex partners, a new sex partner, lack of condom use, douching, and HSV-2 seropositivity.

Key facts the answer must include:
Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal infection caused by bacterial imbalance of the normal bacteria found in the vagina.
 Bacterial vaginosis is not a sexually transmitted disease.
Additional relevant facts: Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with douching.
 The cause of the microbial shift that precipitates bacterial vaginosis is not fully understood.
 The normal hydrogen peroxide and lactic-acid–producing Lactobacillus species in the vagina are replaced with a high concentration of anaerobic bacteria in bacterial vaginosis.
 Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with having multiple sex partners.
 Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with HSV-2 seropositivity.
 Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with lack of condom use.
 Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with having a new sex partner.
Question: is it okay to take imodium long term?

Answer: Loperamide (Imodium) is a medication intended to relieve the symptoms of diarrhea and is sold over the counter or with a doctor's prescription. For acute diarrhea, the drug shouldn't be used for more than 48 hours, and if the diarrhea persists, it is advisable to contact your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Under your doctor's prescription for chronic diarrhea, it is possible to take Loperamide long-term after considering if the benefit outweighs the possible side effects.

Key facts the answer must include:
For acute diarrhea, Loperamide (Imodium) shouldn't be used for more than 48 hours.
 If diarrhea persists after using Loperamide (Imodium) for 48 hours, it is advisable to contact your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
 For chronic diarrhea, it is possible to take Loperamide (Imodium) long-term under a doctor's prescription
Additional relevant facts: Loperamide (Imodium) is a medication intended to relieve the symptom of diarrhea
Question: is there any specific brand you recommend for the omeprazole?

Answer: All brands and generic forms of omeprazole contain the same active ingredient and are considered equally effective. If you have difficulty swallowing, Prilosec is available as a granule packet that can be mixed into water.

Key facts the answer must include:
All brands and generic forms of omeprazole contain the same active ingredient and are generally considered equally effective.
Additional relevant facts: If you have difficulty swallowing, Prilosec is available as a granule packet that can be mixed into water
Question: what causes ringworm ?

Answer: Ringworm is a contagious skin infection caused by fungi. It is characterized by a circular, red, and itchy rash and can affect the skin, hair, and nails. The infection can be transmitted through contact with people or pets, as well as through shared spaces like locker rooms and shower stalls.Treatment usually consists of topical antifungal drugs.

Key facts the answer must include:
Ringworm is a contagious skin infection caused by fungi.
Ringworm can be transmitted through contact with people or pets.
Ringworm can be transmitted through shared spaces like locker rooms and shower stalls.
Additional relevant facts: Ringworm is characterized by a circular, red, and itchy rash.
 Ringworm can affect the skin, hair, and nails.
Treatment for ringworm usually consists of topical antifungal drugs.
Question: what is the difference between fissure vs hemorrhoids?

Answer: Anal fissures and hemorrhoids are two distinct anorectal conditions. Anal fissures are tears in the anal tissue caused by trauma, while hemorrhoids are normal vascular structures that can grow abnormally due to various factors. Both can cause bleeding and discomfort. Hemorrhoids can lead to rectal bleeding, irritation, and can prolapse, but they usually don't cause pain unless there is a strangulation or blood clot present. Anal fissures, on the other hand, are accompanied by severe pain exacerbated by defecation. Diagnosis can usually be made through examination based on appearance.

Key facts the answer must include:
Anal fissures are tears in the anal tissue caused by trauma
Hemorrhoids are normal vascular structures that can grow abnormally due to various factors
Both anal fissures and hemorrhoids can cause bleeding and discomfort
Hemorrhoids can lead to rectal bleeding, irritation, and can prolapse
Hemorrhoids usually don't cause pain unless there is a strangulation or blood clot present
Anal fissures are accompanied by severe pain exacerbated by defecation
Diagnosis of anal fissures and hemorrhoids can usually be made through examination based on appearance
Question: would standard urinalysis detect kidney stones?

Answer: Kidney stones are suspected in patients with one-sided flank or groin pain and may present with bloody urine. Physicians should evaluate these patients and conduct laboratory testing and imaging. Blood samples should be taken to assess kidney functions, metabolic state, and inflammatory markers, while a standard urinalysis and microscopic urine examination are used to detect potential hematuria and crystals and rule out urinary tract infections. However, a formal diagnosis of kidney stones requires imaging, usually a non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the abdomen and pelvis.

Key facts the answer must include:
A standard urinalysis is used to detect potential hematuria and rule out urinary tract infections in patients with suspected kidney stones
A formal diagnosis of kidney stones requires imaging
 microscopic urine examination can be useful in detecting crystals in the urine
 Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the abdomen and pelvis is usually used for diagnosing kidney stones
Additional relevant facts: Kidney stones are suspected in patients with one-sided flank or groin pain
Kidney stones may present with bloody urine
Physicians should evaluate patients with suspected kidney stones and conduct laboratory testing and imaging
Blood samples should be taken to assess kidney functions, metabolic state, and inflammatory markers in patients with suspected kidney stones