Itaykhealth/K-QA huggingface dataset:
Question: Could diabetes be so fast and onset?

Answer: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects the body's ability to use blood sugar for energy. It is divided into two main types: type 1, which typically starts in childhood and is caused by the body's immune system attacking the pancreas, and type 2, which usually starts in adulthood and is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. The onset of the symptoms of type 1 DM such as weight loss, higher urination quantity and frequency, excessive thirst, fatigue, and others, can be very quick and appear over weeks or even days. Less commonly, a medical emergency called diabetic ketoacidosis can develop over hours with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and feeling very ill. Diabetes mellitus type 2 usually progresses over years, and the majority of patients are asymptomatic at presentation. In rare cases, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present for the first time with a medical emergency that can develop over hours or days with symptoms of severe dehydration, and possibly a change in mental status.

Key facts the answer must include:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus usually progresses over years.
 The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are asymptomatic at presentation.
 Diabetic ketoacidosis, a medical emergency, can develop over hours with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and feeling very ill.
 Seek medical attention if you suspect a new onset diabetes.
 The onset of symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus such as unintentional weight loss, frequent urination, excessive thirst and hunger, and fatigue can progress rapidly over weeks or even days.
 In rare cases, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present for the first time with a medical emergency that can develop over hours or days with symptoms of severe dehydration, and possibly a change in mental status.
 Symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus such as frequent urination and excessive thirst usually progress slowly.
Additional relevant facts: Type 2 diabetes mellitus usually starts in adulthood.
 Diabetes mellitus is a disease related to abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.
 Type 1 diabetes mellitus usually starts in childhood.
 Diabetes mellitus is usually divided into type 1 and type 2
Question: Could esophagitis could like muscle stiffness in the neck when swallowing?

Answer: Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus caused by various factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infections, or medications. Symptoms may include swallowing difficulties, pain while swallowing, retrosternal chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, chronic cough, and nausea. Neck muscle stiffness while swallowing is not commonly associated with esophagitis. Please seek medical attention if you have neck muscle stiffness while swallowing in order to evaluate the cause and provide you with the correct treatment.

Key facts the answer must include:
Neck muscle stiffness while swallowing is not commonly associated with esophagitis.
 Please seek medical attention if you have neck muscle stiffness while swallowing
Additional relevant facts: Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus caused by various factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infections, or medications.
Symptoms of Esophagitis may include swallowing difficulties, pain while swallowing, retrosternal chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, chronic cough, and nausea.
Question: Could you tell me about the success rate of Sertraline for Premature Ejaculation

Answer: Sertraline (Zoloft) is an FDA-approved prescription drug used to treat various conditions including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder. Although not FDA-approved for premature ejaculation, small studies suggest Sertraline can help treat it, lengthening ejaculation time and improving sexual satisfaction. Sertraline can have side-effects, including sexual-related effects such as lower sex drive and erectile dysfunction. If you have premature ejaculation, contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment plan.

Key facts the answer must include:
Small studies have suggested that Sertraline can help in treating premature ejaculation.
 Sertraline can have side effects including sexual-related effects such as lower sex drive.
 Sertraline can have side effects including sexual-related effects such as erectile dysfunction.
 Sertraline has been shown to improve sexual satisfaction in some studies.
 Sertraline has been shown to lengthen ejaculation time in some studies.
 Sertraline (Zoloft) is not FDA-approved for premature ejaculation
 There is insufficient data and a lack of large randomized trials regarding Sertraline as treatment for premature ejaculation .
 Individuals with premature ejaculation should contact their healthcare provider for a diagnosis and treatment plan.
 Sertraline (Zoloft) is FDA-approved to treat various conditions including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder.
Question: Depression has relation with memory loss?

Answer: Depression is a medical condition characterized by negative effects on mood, cognition, and behavior. Memory issues, particularly with short-term and working memory, are possible symptoms. Long-term memory and procedural memory are less affected. Pseudodementia, a decline in cognitive function including memory loss, is associated with depression and can also occur due to lack of energy or effort. If you are experiencing these symptoms, seek diagnosis and treatment from a healthcare professional.

Key facts the answer must include:
If you experience symptoms of depression or notice a memory loss you should contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
 Depression is associated with pseudodementia which is an apparent intellectual decline, including memory loss
 Memory issues, particularly with short-term and working memory, are possible symptoms of depression
Impaired long-term memory and procedural memory are less associated with depression.
Additional relevant facts: Depression is a medical condition characterized by negative effects on mood, cognition, and behavior.
Question: Do I need to get test results before starting treatment for either chylamdia or the ghonerrea

Answer: Chlamydia and gonorrhea are bacteria that can cause sexually transmitted diseases and are treated with antibiotics. Diagnosis for these diseases is performed by laboratory testing of urine, vaginal, rectal, and throat samples. Empiric treatment, meaning treatment without test results, should be offered by the doctor to patients with common symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease, and for those with a recent known or possible sexual exposure to chlamydia or gonorrhea. For patients without common symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease or a suspected exposure, establishing the diagnosis with a positive test result is necessary prior to the initialization of treatment. 

Key facts the answer must include:
For patients without common symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease or a suspected exposure, establishing the diagnosis with a positive test result is necessary prior to the initialization of treatment.
 Patients with a recent known or possible sexual exposure to chlamydia or gonorrhea should be offered empiric therapy for both.
 Empiric antibiotic treatment for chlamydial and gonococcal infection is recommended when someone presents with common symptoms of chlamydia or gonorrhea
Empiric treatment should be offered by the doctor to patients with a recent known or possible sexual exposure to chlamydia or gonorrhea.
Additional relevant facts: Diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhea is performed by laboratory testing of urine, vaginal, rectal, and throat samples.
 Chlamydia and gonorrhea are bacteria that can cause sexually transmitted diseases and are treated with antibiotics.
Question: Do bananas help with diarrhea?

Answer: When experiencing diarrhea, bananas can be helpful due to their high content of pectin and starch. Green bananas contain even more pectin and starch than ripe ones, making them even more beneficial. However, fresh fruits and vegetables should be avoided, except for bananas, as they may worsen diarrhea. Bananas are also a good source of potassium, which helps to replace lost nutrients. A long-term restrictive diet like the "BRAT" diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) may provide suboptimal nutrition and should not be used for more than 24 hours. In addition, in cases of diarrhea, it is recommended to avoid dairy products since lactose, a type of sugar present in dairy, can worsen symptoms. If diarrhea persists for more than one day or is accompanied by dehydration, fever, or rectal bleeding, it is recommended to contact a healthcare provider for medical advice.

Key facts the answer must include:
Bananas can help with diarrhea as they contain pectin and starch.
Additional relevant facts: Fresh fruits and vegetables, except for bananas, should be avoided as they can worsen diarrhea.
 Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea is accompanied by rectal bleeding.
 Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea is accompanied by dehydration.
 Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea is accompanied by fever.
 The 'BRAT' diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) can provide suboptimal nutrition and shouldn't be used for more than 24 hours.
 Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea persists for more than one day.
 Green bananas, which contain more pectin and starch than ripe bananas, are favorable in cases of diarrhea.
 Bananas are high in potassium and help to replace nutrients lost because of diarrhea.
 in cases of diarrhea, it is recommended to avoid dairy products since lactose, a type of sugar present in dairy, can worsen symptoms
Question: Do cheap socks cause problems?

Answer: Socks can play an important role in maintaining good foot health. It is not necessarily the price of socks that determines if they cause foot problems. Choosing the best socks for your feet can depend on activity, health, and season. To prevent fungal infections of the feet and blisters it is important to wear clean, dry socks and change them regularly. Socks made from moisture-wicking material may help keep feet drier for longer. Compression stockings can be prescribed for those suffering from venous insufficiency. For those with diabetes, it is important to change socks daily and avoid wearing socks that are constricting.

Key facts the answer must include:
The price of socks does not necessarily determine if they cause foot problems.
Additional relevant facts: Choosing the best socks for your feet can depend on activity, health and season.
 Socks play an important role in maintaining good foot health.
 Compression stockings can be prescribed for those suffering from venous insufficiency.
 Wearing clean, dry socks and changing them regularly can prevent fungal infections of the feet and blisters.
 For those with diabetes, it is important to avoid wearing socks that are constricting.
 Socks made from moisture-wicking material may help keep feet drier for longer.
 For those with diabetes, it is important to change socks daily.
Question: Do fissures and hemmroids heal on their own?

Answer: Mild anal fissures and hemorrhoids can heal with just supportive measures. However, chronic fissures and hemorrhoids or those with severe symptoms require medical intervention.
For both conditions, it is advised to increase dietary fiber or take fiber supplements in order to prevent hard bowel movements, maintain good hydration, use stool softeners if constipated, avoid prolonged straining, and use warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort.
Anal fissures that do not heal on their own, can be treated with topical vasodilators or botulinum toxin injections into the anal sphincter. If a fissure fails to heal with medical treatment, surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy) may be offered. 
Hemorrhoids can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription topical corticosteroids and anesthetics. However, these are only intended for intermittent short-term use. For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, and photocoagulation, or surgery may be recommended.

Key facts the answer must include:
Mild anal fissures and hemorrhoids can heal with supportive measures.
 Chronic fissures and hemorrhoids or those with severe symptoms require medical intervention.
Additional relevant facts: For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as rubber band ligation, may be recommended.
 Hemorrhoids can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription topical corticosteroids and anesthetics.
 Using stool softeners if constipated is advised for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.
 For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as photocoagulation, may be recommended.
 Anal fissures that do not heal on their own can be treated with topical vasodilators.
 For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as sclerotherapy, may be recommended.
 For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, surgery may be recommended.
 Using warm sitz baths can help relieve discomfort from anal fissures and hemorrhoids.
 Topical corticosteroids and anesthetics for hemorrhoids are only intended for intermittent short-term use.
 Increasing dietary fiber or taking fiber supplements can help prevent hard bowel movements in cases of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.
 Maintaining good hydration is advised for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.
 Avoiding prolonged straining is advised for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.
 Anal fissures that do not heal on their own can be treated with botulinum toxin injections into the anal sphincter.
 If an anal fissure fails to heal with medical treatment, surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy) may be offered.
Question: Do migraines always come with headaches because I dont have a headache right now

Answer: Migraine typically presents with a headache. However, there are sometimes symptoms preceding the headache such as aura, sensitivity to light or sound, and dizziness. Auras can take the form of visual or sensory disturbances, including geometric shapes, bright spots, tingling or numbness. Please seek medical attention if you experience symptoms you consider unusual for your typical migraine episode or if your migraine is severe, getting worse, or lasting longer than usual.

Key facts the answer must include:
Migraines typically present with a headache
Migraine symptoms can precede the headache, such as aura, sensitivity to light or sound, and dizziness
Auras can take the form of visual or sensory disturbances, including geometric shapes, bright spots, tingling or numbness
Please seek medical attention if you experience symptoms you consider unusual for your typical migraine episode
Please seek medical attention if your migraine is severe, getting worse, or lasting longer than usual
Question: Do you recommend anything to avoid these migraines?

Answer: Preventing migraines involves maintaining good sleep hygiene, regular exercise, avoiding triggers, and following consistent meal schedules. Prevention therapy can be considered for frequent migraines lasting over 12 hours, causing significant disability, resulting from medication overuse, or when pain relievers are ineffective or contraindicated. Prevention therapy options include beta-blockers, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants, serotonergic drugs, CGRP monoclonal antibodies, and neuromodulation devices.

Key facts the answer must include:
Regular aerobic exercise may help prevent migraines
 following consistent meal schedules may help prevent migraines
Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include serotonergic drugs
 Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include anti-convulsants
 Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include anti-depressants
Additional relevant facts: Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include CGRP monoclonal antibodies
 Neuromodulation devices that stimulate nerve cells have been approved for the management and prevention of migraines
 Prevention therapies can be considered for migraines that cause significant disability
 Prevention therapies can be considered for migraines that last longer than 12 hours
 Prevention therapies can be considered for medication overuse headaches
 Prevention therapies can be considered for frequent migraine attacks (> 2 a month)
 Prevention therapies can be considered when symptomatic medications are contraindicated or ineffective
Question: Doe the buspar cause sleepiness?

Answer: Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar, is a medication used to treat anxiety. Common side effects include hyperactivity, restlessness, nervousness, and excitability. Less commonly, it may also cause hypoactivity, such as drowsiness and fatigue.

Key facts the answer must include:
Buspirone (Buspar) can cause both hyperactive side effects like restlessness, nervousness, and unusual excitement, as well as hypoactive side effects like drowsiness and unusual tiredness.
Question: Does Allopurinal affect fertility?

Answer: Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Lopurin, Aloprim) is a prescription medication used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the blood, and recurrent uric acid kidney stones. It may cause side effects such as rash, joint pain, stiffness, or swelling. Male infertility has been reported in less than 1% of patients taking the drug while a similar association has not been found for female infertility. However, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consider alternatives due to the lack of safety information.

Key facts the answer must include:
Male infertility has been associated with Allopurinol in less than 1% of patients taking the drug.
 No association was found between Allopurinol and female infertility.
 Alternatives for Allopurinol should be considered while pregnant or breastfeeding.
Additional relevant facts: Common side effects of Allopurinol include rash and joint pain, stiffness or swelling.
 Allopurinol is a prescription drug used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the blood and recurrent uric acid kidney stones.
Question: Does a migraine last for days at a time?

Answer: A migraine attack can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. When it lasts longer than 72 hours, it is called status migrainosus and can be caused by certain medications or medication withdrawal.

Key facts the answer must include:
A migraine attack lasts at least 4 hours and up to 72 hours.
 A migraine attack that lasts more than 72 hours is called status migrainosus.
Additional relevant facts: possible causes for status migrainosus are certain medications or medication withdrawal.
Question: Does bronchitis turn into pneumonia?

Answer: Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi, commonly caused by a respiratory viral infection, bacterial infection, or irritants such as smoke. It usually resolves without treatment in 1-3 weeks, but non-pharmacological cough relief may help. Pneumonia is more severe with fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Both infections have similar symptoms, but differentiation can be done by a physical examination and chest X-ray. It's uncommon for bronchitis to turn into pneumonia, but it's possible - especially with bacterial bronchitis. A physician should be consulted if bronchitis symptoms worsen or do not resolve within three weeks.

Key facts the answer must include:
It's uncommon for bronchitis to turn into pneumonia, but it's possible
In cases where bronchitis does not resolve in three weeks, one should be checked by a physician for pneumonia
In cases of worsening of symptoms, one should be checked by a physician for pneumonia
Additional relevant facts: It is also possible for a person with bronchitis to develop a separate pneumonia infection.
 Symptoms of both bronchitis and pneumonia could appear similar and differentiation between the two should be done by a physical examination and chest Xray.
 Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi, commonly caused by a respiratory viral infection or bacteria
Acute bronchitis can be caused by irritants such as smoke
Pneumonia is more severe than bronchitis
Pneumonia usually present with fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.
Question: Does herpes have rectal discharge?

Answer: Proctitis is inflammation of the rectal area. It can cause mucopurulent rectal discharge, among other symptoms. Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge, mostly in people who have practiced receptive anorectal intercourse or are immunocompromised. It's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of rectal discharge.

Key facts the answer must include:
It is important to consult your healthcare provider in cases of rectal discharge for proper diagnosis and treatment.
 Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge.
Additional relevant facts: Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectal area which can cause mucopurulent rectal discharge.
 Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge in people who have practiced receptive anorectal intercourse.
 Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge in people who are immunocompromised.
Question: Does hydroxyzine have any affect on metabolism or weight gain?

Answer: Hydroxyzine is a medication that helps relieve itching caused by allergic skin reactions and anxiety in adults and children. Although weight gain is not listed as a side effect of the drug, recent studies have shown that long-term use of Hydroxyzine is associated with weight gain. Presumably, the drug's sedative effect can lead to burning fewer calories throughout the day and slowing down digestion.


Key facts the answer must include:
Hydroxyzine sedative effects can cause the patient to burn fewer calories throughout the day, slow down digestion, and potentially lead to weight gain with chronic use.
Additional relevant facts: Hydroxyzine is a first generation anti-histamine drug used to relieve itching caused by allergic skin reactions.
 Hydroxyzine crosses the blood brain barrier and can cause a sedative effect
Hydroxyzine can be used to relieve anxiety and tension.
Question: Does low thyroid contribute to weight gain?

Answer: When thyroid function is low, it can lead to a reduction in metabolic rate and modest weight gain. However, this weight gain is typically only around 5-10 pounds and is not commonly associated with severe obesity. Treating and balancing thyroid function can help with weight loss. If you suspect you have low thyroid function, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for assessment and treatment.

Key facts the answer must include:
Treating and balancing thyroid function can help with losing the weight gained due to this condition.
 If you have, or suspect you have a low thyroid function, it is important to consult your healthcare provider about assessment and treatment.
 Decreased activity due to fatigue from low thyroid function can contribute to weight gain.
 Low thyroid function can reduce the metabolic rate.
 Low thyroid function can cause accumulation of fluid in the body.
 Low thyroid function can cause a modest weight gain.
Additional relevant facts: Low thyroid function is not commonly associated with severe obesity.
Question: Does metformin generally work pretty well?

Answer: Metformin is a treatment for type 2 diabetes that can't be managed with diet and exercise alone. It is considered a good medication for lowering blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and has also been shown to have a cardioprotective effect making it favorable for patients with metabolic syndrome. Metformin is relatively safe for patients without severe kidney dysfunction but can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. Other less common side effects are also possible. Rarely, Metformin can cause lactic acidosis which can be life-threatening. It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor its effect and possible side effects.

Key facts the answer must include:
Metformin is a treatment for type 2 diabetes that can't be managed with diet and exercise alone
Metformin is considered a good medication for lowering blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Metformin has been shown to have a cardioprotective effect making it favorable for patients with metabolic syndrome
Metformin is relatively safe for patients without severe kidney dysfunction
Metformin can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting
Rarely, Metformin can cause lactic acidosis which can be life-threatening
It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor Metformin's effect and possible side effects
Question: Does the CMP test or perhaps another test determine if I have or liked to get diabetes?

Answer: The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) blood test measures 14 different substances, including glucose, electrolytes, proteins, and indicators of liver and kidney function. This test requires an 8-hour fast before a blood sample is taken. Elevated glucose levels on the CMP test may indicate diabetes, with levels of 126 or higher indicating diabetes, and levels between 100 and 125 indicating prediabetes. Other tests to confirm diabetes include the Hemoglobin A1C (A1C or HbA1c) test and glucose tolerance test. If you suspect you have diabetes or prediabetes, contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term complications.

Key facts the answer must include:
Elevated glucose levels on the CMP test may indicate diabetes
Glucose levels of 126 or higher on the CMP test indicate diabetes
Glucose levels between 100 and 125 on the CMP test indicate prediabetes
The Hemoglobin A1C (A1C or HbA1c) test is another test to confirm diabetes
The glucose tolerance test is another test to confirm diabetes
Contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment if you suspect you have diabetes or prediabetes
Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes or prediabetes can help prevent long-term complications
Additional relevant facts: The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) blood test measures 14 different substances, including glucose, electrolytes, proteins, and indicators of liver and kidney function
The CMP test requires an 8-hour fast before a blood sample is taken
Question: Does the bacteria determine the antibiotic?

Answer: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substance designed to target specific mechanisms or components that are unique to certain types of bacteria. Hence, the bacteria’s species is a crucial factor in deciding on the right treatment for a bacterial infection. Having said that, there are additional important factors in determining the right antibiotic agent such as the severity of infection, site of infection, sensitivity testing, potential side effects of the drug, patient's medical history, and allergies. 

Key facts the answer must include:
The species of bacteria is a crucial factor in deciding the right treatment for a bacterial infection.
 The patient's allergies are an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.
 Potential side effects of the drug are an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.
 The severity of infection is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.
 The site of infection is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.
 The patient's medical history is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.
 Sensitivity testing is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.
Additional relevant facts: Antibiotics are designed to target specific mechanisms or components unique to certain types of bacteria.
Question: Engorged breast can cause chills?

Answer: Breast engorgement is when breasts becomes hard, painful, and swollen because they’re overly full of breast milk. In some cases, this engorgement can cause a milk duct to become clogged which can lead to an infection called mastitis. 
Common symptoms of mastitis include high fever and chills, generally feeling ill as well as local symptoms such as breast swelling, tenderness, redness, local warmth, and a pain or a burning sensation. 
Therefore, engorged breasts can cause chills if the engorgement causes a breast infection.
If you experience such symptoms, contact your healthcare provider for treatment to avoid complications such as breast abscess. 

Key facts the answer must include:
The engorged breast can cause chills if the engorgement causes a breast infection.
 If you experience symptoms of mastitis, contact your healthcare provider for treatment.
 Common symptoms of mastitis include high fever and chills.
Additional relevant facts: Common symptoms of mastitis include pain or a burning sensation.
 Untreated mastitis can lead to complications such as breast abscess.
 Common symptoms of mastitis include local warmth.
 Common symptoms of mastitis include breast swelling.
 Breast engorgement is when breasts are hard, painful, and swollen due to being overly full of breast milk.
 Clogged milk duct can lead to an infection called mastitis.
 Common symptoms of mastitis include tenderness.
 Common symptoms of mastitis include redness.
 Engorgement can cause a milk duct to become clogged.
 Common symptoms of mastitis include generally feeling ill.
Question: For instance, to check for Epididymitis, is it a urine test?

Answer: When evaluating suspected epididymitis, doctors typically assess signs and symptoms and perform a physical examination of the scrotum. Urine tests, including urinalysis and urine culture, are used to check for white blood cells and bacteria in the urine, since bacterial infections are the most common cause of epididymitis. If a sexually transmitted infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, is suspected, additional urine test or a urethral swab may be done. In some cases, an ultrasound may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. 


Key facts the answer must include:
Doctors typically assess signs and symptoms and perform a physical examination of the scrotum when evaluating suspected epididymitis
Urine tests, including urinalysis and urine culture, are used to check for white blood cells and bacteria in the urine for suspected epididymitis
If a sexually transmitted infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, is suspected, additional urine tesat or a urethral swab may be done
In some cases of suspected epididymitis, an ultrasound may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions
Additional relevant facts: Bacterial infections are the most common cause of epididymitis
Question: Gabapentin isnt a controlled substance?

Answer: Gabapentin (Neurontin) is an FDA-approved medication used to treat nerve pain and seizures. It is also prescribed for other conditions such as restless leg syndrome, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal. Although gabapentin is not classified as a controlled substance by the federal government of the USA, some states and countries have classified it as such due to its potential for abuse and euphoria.


Key facts the answer must include:
Gabapentin is not considered a controlled substance according to the federal government of the USA.
 some states and countries have classified Gabapentin as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and euphoria.
Additional relevant facts: Gabapentin (Neurontin) is FDA-approved to treat specific types of nerve pain and seizures.
 Gabapentin (Neurontin) can also be used to treat other health conditions such as restless leg syndrome, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal.
Question: How am I supposed to put ointment on my nipple if it's pierced

Answer: Depending on the medical indication and type of ointment, removal of the piercing may be necessary for local infection or allergy, but ointment may be applied on a pierced nipple for unrelated medical conditions.


Key facts the answer must include:
In the case of a medical condition unrelated to the piercing, you can apply the ointment on a pierced nipple.
 removal of the piercing may be necessary for local infection or allergy
Question: How could I be the only person in the house with a viral infection?

Answer: Not everyone in the same household who is exposed to a virus will develop symptoms. The risk of getting infected and developing symptoms depends on factors such as immune system competence, vaccination status, level of exposure, and adherence to precautions. Also, viral symptoms may take time to appear.

Key facts the answer must include:
Not everyone in the same household exposed to a virus will develop symptoms
Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on immune system competence
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on vaccination status
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on level of exposure
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on adherence to precautions
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on immune system competence
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on vaccination status
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on level of exposure
 Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on adherence to precautions
 
Additional relevant facts: It may take time for viral symptoms to appear.
Question: How do I know if its a canker sore versus herpes

Answer: Aphthous ulcers and Herpes simplex virus sores are both painful oral lesions that can be difficult to differentiate. Aphthous ulcers are flat and do not change much over time, while herpes sores start as a vesicle and then form a crust. Aphthous ulcers usually appear on non-keratinized surfaces, while herpes sores appear on keratinized surfaces. Prodromal sensations are not common with aphthous ulcers, while burning or tingling sensations can often anticipate herpes lesions.


Key facts the answer must include:
Differentiating between aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) and Herpes simplex virus sores (cold sores) can be challenging
 Aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) and Herpes simplex virus sores (cold sores) are both common, painful oral lesions.
 Aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) most commonly appear on non-keratinized oral surfaces such as buccal mucosa, under the tounge, the floor of the mouth and the soft palate.
 Herpes sores usually appear on keratinized surfaces such as the lips, the tounge, the gingiva and the hard palate.
 The lesion of herpes sores seems like a vesicle at first, which later ruptures and forms a crust.
 The primary lesion of aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) looks like a flat ulcer and usually doesn't change significantly over time.
Additional relevant facts: For herpes sores, a burning or tingling sensation can often anticipate the lesions.
 A prodromal sensation is usually not common with aphthous ulcerations (canker sores).
 Aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) and Herpes simplex virus sores (cold sores) usually heal within 1-2 weeks.
Question: How do I measure blood pressure?

Answer: Blood pressure can be self-measured at home or at work. It is recorded as two measurements: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Validated digital home blood pressure measurement devices are convenient to use and widely available without the need for a prescription. They can be bought at pharmacies, online, and at medical supply stores.

It is important to have a properly fitting cuff in order to get an accurate measurement. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can help you choose a device with the correct-sized cuff and teach you how to use it.

It is advised to empty your bladder and avoid caffeine, nicotine, exercise, and other stimulants 30 minutes before measuring your blood pressure. Find a quiet place with a table and chair, and sit and relax for 5 minutes before taking a reading.

The cuff should fit snugly on your bare upper arm with the lower edge of the cuff 1 inch above the elbow crease. Your forearm should be laid on a flat surface with the palm of the hand facing up, and the upper arm at the same level as the heart.

Whilst taking a reading, have your feet uncrossed and flat on the floor, your back supported, and stay still and silent.

Follow your healthcare provider's instructions on when and how frequently you should measure your blood pressure. At least two readings should be taken each time, 1-2 minutes apart. Record the systolic and diastolic pressures, heart rate, date, time, and arm that the blood pressure was measured in.

Key facts the answer must include:
It is advised to empty your bladder and avoid caffeine, nicotine, exercise, and other stimulants 30 minutes before measuring your blood pressure.
Find a quiet place with a table and chair, and sit and relax for 5 minutes before taking a blood pressure reading.
Your forearm should be laid on a flat surface with the palm of the hand facing up, and the upper arm at the same level as the heart while taking a blood pressure reading.
The cuff should fit snugly on your bare upper arm with the lower edge of the cuff 1 inch above the elbow crease.
At least two readings should be taken each time, 1-2 minutes apart.
It is important to have a properly fitting cuff in order to get an accurate blood pressure measurement.
Additional relevant facts: Follow your healthcare providers instructions on when and how frequently you should measure your blood pressure.
Blood pressure can be self-measured at home or at work.
Validated digital home blood pressure measurement devices are convenient to use and widely available without the need for a prescription.
Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can help you choose a device with the correct sized cuff and teach you how to use it.
Digital home blood pressure measurement devices can be bought at pharmacies, online, and at medical supply stores.
Whilst taking a reading, have your feet uncrossed and flat on the floor, your back supported, and stay still and silent.
Blood pressure is recorded as two measurements: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
Record the systolic and diastolic pressures, heart rate, date, time, and arm that the blood pressure was measured in.
Question: How do I prevent post nasal drip?

Answer: Postnasal drip is a common cause of chronic cough. It occurs when excess mucus accumulates in the back of the throat and nose. This buildup can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergies, colds, and sinus infections. Treating the underlying cause of postnasal drip is the key to relieving symptoms. In non-allergic cases, inhaled glucosteroids showed improvement in symptoms. In cases of allergic rhinitis, avoiding environmental exposure to the allergens would help prevent rhinitis.


Key facts the answer must include:
In non-allergic cases, inhaled glucosteroids showed improvement in symptoms.
 The postnasal drainage causes a stimulation of the cough reflex due to sensory receptors in the throat.
 Treating the cause of the nasal drainage could help prevent postnasal drip cough.
 In cases of allergic rhinitis, avoiding environmental exposure to the allergens would help prevent rhinitis.
Additional relevant facts: Postnasal drip is a common causes of chronic cough.
 Nasal drainage has several different causes most commonly allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing or itching in the nose).
Question: How do you get otitis externa?

Answer: Otitis externa is a relatively common condition and refers to inflammation of the external auditory canal. It is characterized by symptoms such as ear pain, itchiness in the ear canal, discharge from the ear canal, and some degree of temporary hearing loss.
The cause of otitis externa is usually a bacterial infection, though other pathogens and non-infectious causes are also associated with this condition.
Factors that increase the risk of otitis externa include swimming or other water exposure, trauma such as from excessive cleaning or aggressive scratching of the ear canal, devices that occlude the ear canal such as hearing aids or earphones, and dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.


Key facts the answer must include:
Trauma from excessive cleaning or aggressive scratching of the ear canal increases the risk of otitis externa.
The cause of otitis externa is usually a bacterial infection.
Devices that occlude the ear canal such as hearing aids or earphones increase the risk of otitis externa.
Swimming or other water exposure increases the risk of otitis externa.
Dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis increase the risk of otitis externa.
 
Additional relevant facts: Otitis externa is a condition characterized by inflammation of the external auditory canal
 symptoms of Otitis externa may include ear pain, itchiness in the ear canal, discharge from the ear canal, and some degree of temporary hearing loss.
Question: How is HRV different from heart rate?

Answer: Heart rate (HR) is the number of times a heart beats in a minute, measured in beats per minute (bpm).Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is the measure of variation in time interval between heartbeats and is measured in milliseconds (ms). Low HRV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. High HRV is associated with higher fitness levels and resilience to stress. 

Key facts the answer must include:
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measures the variation in time interval between heartbeats, in milliseconds (ms).
Heart rate (HR) measures how many times a heart beats in a minute, in beats per minute (bpm).
Additional relevant facts: Low HRV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
High HRV is associated with higher fitness levels and resilience to stress
Question: How is PID treated?

Answer: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is treated with antibiotics that cover a broad-spectrum of likely pathogens (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, anaerobic bacteria and others).
Treating PID as soon as symptoms start can prevent scarring and irreversible damage to reproductive organs. Therefore, a combination of antibiotics is promptly administered and then later adjusted according to a patient’s lab results. A possible combination of  antibiotics includes Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline, and Metronidazole.
Hospitalization is necessary when severe illness is suspected or when a patient is pregnant, has a tubo-ovarian abscess, or is unresponsive to oral treatment.
While treatment is administered, sexual partners should be tested and treated in order to prevent reinfection. Sexual intercourse should be avoided until treatment is completed and symptoms are resolved.



Key facts the answer must include:
PID is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics that cover likely pathogens such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and anaerobic bacteria.
 Treating PID as soon as symptoms start can prevent scarring and irreversible damage to reproductive organs.
 posibble antibiotic combinations for PID treatment is Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline, and Metronidazole.
Additional relevant facts: Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when the patient is unresponsive to oral treatment.
Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when severe illness is suspected.
Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when the patient is pregnant.
Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when the patient has a tubo-ovarian abscess.
Sexual intercourse should be avoided until PID treatment is completed and symptoms are resolved.
A combination of antibiotics is promptly administered for PID treatment and then later adjusted according to a patient’s lab results.
Sexual partners should be tested and treated during PID treatment to prevent reinfection.
Question: How is saxenda different from Ozempic

Answer: Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are both GLP-1 agonists used to treat diabetes and aid weight loss. Liraglutide is given daily due to faster elimination, while semaglutide is given weekly due to slower elimination. Non-diabetic obese patients showed better weight loss with weekly semaglutide.

Key facts the answer must include:
Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) is given in daily doses.
 Semaglutide (Ozempic) is given in weekly doses.
 The main difference between Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) is the time it takes to get eliminated from the body.
 Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are both antidiabetic drugs from the same family (glucagon like pepteide 1 (GLP-1) agonists).
Additional relevant facts: Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are prescribed for treating diabetes mellitus.
 Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are used for weight loss.
 Studies show a preferable weight loss in obese patients without diabetes to the weekly Semaglutide (Ozempic) compared to the daily Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza)
Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are usually given by injection to the abdomen.
Question: How long do I need to wait before starting naproxen since I took ibuprofen this morning?

Answer: Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) belong to the same drug class and have similar side effect profiles, including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and rare gastrointestinal tract perforation, kidney, and liver problems. To avoid the increased risk of these side effects, these drugs should not be taken simultaneously without a clear order from a healthcare provider. The minimum time interval between taking Ibuprofen and Naproxen is eight hours, which may be longer in patients with liver dysfunction.


Key facts the answer must include:
Taking Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) simultaneously can increase the risk of experiencing side effects.
Without a clear order from your healthcare provider, Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) should not be taken simultaneously.
The minimal time interval between taking Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) is eight hours.
Additional relevant facts: Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) are in the same drug class.
Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) share side effects such as inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and rarely, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) share rare side effects such as kidney and liver problems.
The time interval between taking Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) may be longer in patients with liver dysfunction.
Question: How long do shin splints last

Answer: Medial tibial stress syndrome, more commonly known as ‘shin splints’, is characterized by pain in the shin (the front of the leg below the knee) that starts during or after intense exercise. Shin splints are usually self-limited and have no long-term complications. Recovery usually takes between 2-4 weeks, after which exercise can be gradually resumed.
Diagnosis is based on a patient’s history and physical examination – with no additional findings apart from exercise induced pain and local tenderness.
Treatment is resting, elevating, and icing the painful area in the leg a few times a day. If needed, pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can be taken.

Key facts the answer must include:
Recovery from shin splints usually takes between 2-4 weeks.
Additional relevant facts: Diagnosis of shin splints is based on a patient's history and physical examination.
After recovery from shin splints, one can gradually resume exercise.
The treatment for shin splints includes resting, elevating, and icing the painful area in the leg a few times a day.
Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can be taken to relieve pain from shin splints.
Medial tibial stress syndrome, also known as 'shin splints', is characterized by pain in the shin that starts during or after intense exercise.
Shin splints are usually self-limited and have no long-term complications.