Premise: The Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) oversees the dissemination of real-time trade and quote information (market data) in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX) listed securities (stocks and bonds). It is currently chaired by Emily Kasparov of the Chicago Stock Exchange, the first woman and the youngest chair elected to the position.
Hypothesis: The Consolidated Tape Association has no association with real-time trade.