SUBSTANTIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRIBUNALS AND COURTS: TRIBUNALS: sometimes require little or no advanced disclosure of evidence. This results in an early hearing and lower initial costs, but can also result in "trial by ambush" and delay resulting from requests for adjournment to make up for surprises during the hearing. It can also result in arguments and objections that new information has "prejudiced" a party (unduly harm his ability to present his case).
COURTS: generally require parties in civil cases to disclose their evidence before the hearing. This results in lengthy delays and substantial costs before the hearing begins, but it reduces surprises and improve the efficiency of the hearing. Disclosure also facilitate settlements and may shorten or eliminate the need for a hearing.