Deg tsuda n tsileɣt n Nijer akked Mali, xilla n yikatayen n taggara n leqraya i d-yuwin ɣef tutlayt d yedles n yitergiyen. Deg ukatar n tisuda n daxel, yiwen n usezreg usnan d usegmisen n yitergiyen yettaṭaf amkan-is, xas akken ur yeǧhid ara usegrer n daxel, axeddim n useqɛed n tutlayt i sxedmen deg snat n tmura : ad nefk tabadut i yilugan n tira isxedmen yitergiyen, akken i d-heggan idlisen n tɣuri, kra deg-sen lhan s watas, d ujmeɛ n yiḍrisen iqburen n tsuqilt tanmezruyt ,tizrawin yeɛnan aḥric n leqraya yemxalafen(gar-asent asnak) amawalen n tmazzagin(tasniremt n tjerrumt, tusnant…). Maca axeddim-agi yettwaxdem s walalen i waɛren mliḥ, di tmura tibarraniyin, xilla n tezrawin n tsekla d tesnilest i d-yefɣen sɣur imnadiyen itargiyen (Paris, Copen hague); Sin n yigemmiren n doctora yeɛnan annar n twareg (tasekla akked tsegmisent) xedment-ten yitergiyen.