Areṭṭal (Emprunt), arwas (Calque) aked tsuqilt awal s wawal (Traduction littérale), tis snat tisuddas tarusridin tebḍa ɣef ukkuẓ: Aseglet (Transposition), awlelleɣ (Modulation), tagdazalt (Equivalence) aked umsasa (Adaptation).