2.1. Amiḍi n yinelmaden d yiselmaden seg useggas n 1995 ɣer useggas n 2007: Ɣef wayen id-banen di tfelwit-a aselmed n tutlayt n tmaziɣt di tmurt n lezzayer yemxalaf gar tmura n leqbayel d tmura tiɛerbawalin (wid yettmeslayen tutlayt n teɛrebt) . D timura n leqbayel i yesɛan amḍan ameqqran ama d iselmaden ama d inelmaden. Daɣen yella lexṣaṣ n yiselmaden deg tmura tiɛrbawalin ma nmuqel ɣer umḍan n yinelmaden yellan.