1. Tabadut n tesnalɣa : Ӷer DUBOIS (J) (2002: Sb : 311):«deg tjerrumt tamensayt tasnalɣa d azraw n talɣa n wawalen (almaḍ d useddem) s tenmegla ɣer tezrawt n twuriwin d tseddast, deg tesnilest tatrart awal n tesnalɣa yesɛa sin n yinumak igejdanen: 1- Tasnalɣa d aglam n yilugan iseddayen taɣessa tagensant n wawalen.