-Nuffa-d si tama niḍen belli xas llan yimeslayen deg umawal n tmeslayt tyemmat kra n yelmeẓyen seg yiɛeggalen n twaculin-agi nesekles ttextirin imeslayen n teqbaylit timserreḥt 7 - ma teseqdaceḍ tutlayt n taɛrabt si tama, ad ak-d-kecmen yimeslayen n teɛrabt, si tama niḍen, ad akttṛuḥun wid -ik 8-HAMERS J-.S., “Contacts des langues”, in Sociolinguistique-concepts de base,S/D MOREAU L-.M., PP.9498. Ed. Mardaga,1997.