MD: [b] → [v] [kataba]→[ktəv] [d] → [d] [ğadid]→[ajdid] [k] → [k] [kitab] → [taktabt] [ğ] → [j] [ğamaεa] → [ijmeε] [ṭ] → [ḍ] [ṭalat] → [tḍal] [ḍ] → [ṭ] [ḍalam] → [ ṭṭlam] 4.1.3. Monophtongaison