Salem CHAKER, yenna deg wawal-is: “anermis ger tantaliwin n yimaziɣen ixuṣ aṭas imi msebɛadent”1. ur mucaɛet ara deg tira. Ala di kra n temnaḍin amedya di tefriqt n ugafa (Lzayer, Lmaruk, Nnijer, Malli ar tagara….) ; seg unzul n ugafa n Maṣer alama d asamer n yilel agrakal.2