1. Tibadutin n ungal 1.1 Tibadutin i as-yettunefkan deg kra n yisegzawalen  Tabadut n SALHI Mohand Akli :  D tawsit n tsekla, ungal ur yeɛdil ara netta d tullist , ungal d aḍris ɣezzifen mačči am tullist. Tuqqten deg-s iwudam, tasiwelt-ines tcubbek nnig n tin n tullist.1  Tabadut n BOUAMARA Kamel :  Ungal d ṣṣenf n uḍris deg tsekla yuran. Ungal d aḍris ɣezzifen mliḥ, mačči am tmacahut 2  Asegzawal n tsekla " Larousse " : Ungal d ṣṣenf n uḍris n tsiwelt ɣezzif, tulsa-is d tasugnant, asugen deg-s d win iɛemmqen d amazray3  Tabadut n BOUCHIKHI Ahmed :  Ungal d asugen yettwarun di tesrit ɣef kra n tilas, tasiwelt tettuɣal s umata ɣer teḥkayt d udiwenni ilmend n usismel ayenkudan. Ad d-naf yekseb leṣnaf yemxalafen am : wungal n yiḥulfan, ungal amazray, ungal imsulta, ... 4 1.2 Tibadutin i as-yettunefkan i wungal deg kra n yidlisen  Tabadut n REUTER Yves :  Ungal yemmal-d iḍrisen iɣezzfanen yettwarun s tesrit 5  Tabadut n CHARTIER Pierre :  Ungal d adlis yettwarun s tesrit, d yiwet n tewsit n tsekla, yettawi-d iwidam seg wadeg n usugen i izemmren ad ilin qerben ɣer tilawt 6 1SALHI Mohand akli, Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla,ed, L'Odysse, Tizi-Ouzou, 2012, P.73.