De Saussur ( 1857-1913) i d-yellan mgal awal-agi  tiɣunba  isemma-as  Aglam . Ma yella d Marouzeau Cressot deg 1947 yettwali tiɣunba d win yesɛan tarrayt igerzen deg tira n tsekla. Deg useggas n (1920) ad d-naf Buffon i yettwali aɣanib d amdan s timmad-is, syen ɣer-s iban-d Leo Spitzer ( 18871960) i d-yefkan azenziɣ n tɣunba yemgaraden ɣef wayen i d-yenna Bally ,acku