Ch.S.Peirce, A.J.Greimas , R.Barthes .1 Ɣer Charles S.peirce :  D tiẓri tamatut n izmulen. D tazrewt n talilt n yinumak deg tuɣalin n teywalt yemxallafen . 2 D tin i kecmen deg unamek n tugrint tilellit n teẓri tamatut n umeslay , tzerru ameslay d tin icudden ɣer teywalt d wayen iḍerrun neɣ ttidiren yemdanen deg tmetti .