Dubois (j) (1999, sb 311) : deg tjerrumt tamensayt tasnalɣa d tazrewt n talɣa n wawalen ( almaḍ* d useddem*) s tenmegla ɣer tezrawt n twuriwin d tseddast ,deg tesnilest tartart awal n tesnalɣa yesɛa sin n yinumak igejdanen: 1-Tasnalɣa d aglam n yilugan iseddayen taɣessa tagensant n wawalen.