1- M, A, Salhi,  Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla, 2.taɣuri n tneqqist d usefru , Ed, Tira, Bijaia 2015. p: 75 2- M, Mammeri,  Culture savante, culture vecue , Ed: Tala, Alger, 1991, p: 27. tamedyazt d allal n uselmed d tamsirt, ur yelli ara kan d ccbaḥa, tawsit-a tesɛa azal d ameqran  3- I, Bessaci,  Mazal Asirm , Ed: Le Savoir, Alger, 2008, P: 3 15