Chemini , Thse de Doctora, 2013 .ɣef tesnisemt, yenna-d akken inadiyen yellan ɣef tesnisemt, deg tmurt n lezzayer ama ɣef tesmidegt, ama ɣef tesmiddent, banen-d deg useggas n 1860, ibder-d akken anekcum arumi aṭas ibeddel deg tmetti taqbaylit, ladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan tadamsa, abeddel-a yewwi ɣer wayla amdanan, akken yella daɣen uɣbel n usemmi, anda ismawen imaẓlayen d yismidgen d yimdanen uran-ten s ugemmay n tefransist.