Ixef amezwaru: awal ɣef wungal yiḥricen n tsiwelt yemgarden ɣef yinaw (icudden ɣef tesnikyest), tamsalt yeqnen ɣer tfelsafit (......) ihi assaɣ yellan gar uglam d tsiwelt yella yakkan seg zik maca gar yiseggasen 1880 d 1930 yella-d umhaz deg taggayin n uglam: aglam d asuneɣ. 2.2.4. Iwudam.