Ilmend n snat n tbadutin-a, nufa-d F. D. SAUSSURE, yettwali azmul yesɛa tameẓri tanmettit, d tazrawt i yizmulen yellan zdat n wallen. Ma d Ch. S. PIERCE, yerra lwelha-s ɣer tmeẓla n uzmul, d wamek i ilaq ad yili ilmend n tmeẓla Ayagi iwekked-d fell-as P. GUIRAUD yenna-d: Saussure yerra lwelha-s ɣer twuri tanmettit n uzmul, Pierce ɣef twuri tanmeẓlit. Maca i snat mcuddent daɣen awal tasnazmult d teẓrizmult ad tent-naf ass-a d yiwet n teẓri, iṛumyen (europennes) semrasen awal n tesnamult ma d yimarikaniyen d tiẓrizmult2. Ihi nezmer ad d-nini belli tasnazmult d teẓrizmult d yiwet n teẓri i yemxallafen kan deg yisem. I snat yid-sent xeddment tazrawt i uzmul.