Drive , uran amagrad umi semman :  Littratures orales africaines perspectives thoriques et mthodologiques, Karthala, Paris, 2008 , deg-s yella-d wawal ɣef waṭas n tɣawsiwin icudden s annar n tensayit, am timawit, tignatin n useḍru, tiwsatin timensayin n tsekla. Ad d-nebder daɣen tazrawt n Paul Zumthor iwumi isemma