Awal aqbuṛ yettili-d s tmeẓla deg yiwen n uyenkud, am wakken yenna Dubois (2007:47):  Deg yiwet n teswiɛt i daxel n temɣiwant tasnilsant , llant aṭas n tmeslayin ilmend n yigrawen imettiyen , n tsutiwin , tella tutlayt ttutlayen yimdanen yeddan di leɛmer , ɣer yilemẓyen ttusemman d iqbuṛen  4 3  larchasme en tamazight, analyse et identification.