Deg ugraw n INALCO, aseggas 1996 rnu ɣer waya deg aseggas n 2005, agraw n yiselmaden n ugezdu n bgayet, yessuffeɣ-d s tmazight yiwen n udlis, semman -as : Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt. Iswi n waya, akken ad yemmed ɣef yilugan akken ad yesissehlen almad n tirawalt, tutlayt n tmaziɣt, daɣen ad kksen aṭas n wuguren yerzan timnaḍin yemegaraden deg yiswiren n tutlayt. Aseggas n 2007 tella - d temlilt ɣef usmatu n tutlayt tamazight. Asekkil 1 https://www.cairn.info/revue-vie-sociale-2009-2-page-23.htm.