b- Anaf diɣen, ɣer "Ferdinand Saussure", yemmeslay-d ɣef ufares n tutlayt yennad: tutlayt mačči d tawuri usentel i d-yettutlay, d afares anda amdan yissekles-it s wudem ibawi(2) (1) Maceky. (wf), langue premire et langue seconde/linguistique de contact, berline, 1996.