Irem n SKOPOS d awal agrigi anamek-is d iswi neɣ d amseɣru, yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1970 s ufus n umusnaw Almani Hans J. VERMEER am yirem n tfukas i d-yemmalen iswi n uḍris anican d tigawt n tsuqilt.