The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals.
Industri kimia merujuk pada suatu industri yang terlibat dalam produksi zat kimia.
Polymers and plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polycarbonate comprise about 80% of the industry's output worldwide.
Polimer dan plastik, terutama polietilena, polipropilena, polivinil klorida, polietilena tereftalat, polistirena dan polikarbonat adalah sebagian besar hasil industri kimia.
Sales of the chemical business can be divided into a few broad categories, including basic chemicals (about 35% – 37% of dollar output), life sciences (30%), specialty chemicals (20% – 25%) and consumer products (about 10%).
Penjualan bisnis kimia dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa kategori, di antaranya kimia dasar (sekitar 35-37% hasil penjualan), ilmu sains (30%), kimia khusus (20-25%) dan produk rumah tangga (10%).
Basic chemicals, or "commodity chemicals" are a broad chemical category including polymers, bulk petrochemicals and intermediates, other derivatives and basic industrials, inorganic chemicals, and fertilizers.
Kimia dasar adalah sebuah kategori kimia yang di dalamnya termasuk polimer, petrokimia dan turunannya, bahan kimia anorganik, dan pupuk.
These specialty products are marketed by chemical companies to the downstream manufacturing industries as pesticides, specialty polymers, electronic chemicals, surfactants, construction chemicals, industrial cleaners, flavours and fragrances, specialty coatings, printing inks, water-soluble polymers, food additives, paper chemicals, oil field chemicals, plastic adhesives, adhesives and sealants, cosmetic chemicals, water management chemicals, catalysts, and textile chemicals.
Produk-produk kimia khusus ini dipasarkan oleh perusahaan kimia ke perusahaan pembuat barang jadi, yang biasanya produknya adalah pestisida, polimer, bahan kimia elektronik, surfaktan, kimia konstruksi, bahan pembersih industri, senyawa aroma, pelapis, aditif makanan, kimia kertas, kimia minyak, perekat kertas, perekat, kosmetik, pengolahan air, katalis, dan bahan kimia tekstil.
From the perspective of chemical engineers, the chemical industry involves the use of chemical processes such as chemical reactions and refining methods to produce a wide variety of solid, liquid, and gaseous materials.
Dari penglihatan insinyur kimia, industri kimia menggunakan proses kimia seperti reaksi kimia dan metode pengilangan untuk memproduksi material dalam bentuk padat, cair, maupun gas.
Most of these products serve to manufacture other items, although a smaller number go directly to consumers.
Kebanyakan produknya digunakan untuk memproduksi barang lainnya dan hanya sedikit saja yang langsung digunakan pada konsumen.
The industry includes manufacturers of inorganic- and organic-industrial chemicals, ceramic products, petrochemicals, agrochemicals, polymers and rubber (elastomers), oleochemicals (oils, fats, and waxes), explosives, fragrances and flavors.
Industri kimia juga memproduksi bahan kimia industri organik dan anorganik, produk keramik, petrokimia, agrokimia, polimer, karet, oleokimia (minyak, lemak, wax), peledak, dan aroma buatan.
Examples of these products are shown in the Table below.
Beberapa produknya ditampilkan pada tabel berikut.
The processes and products or products are usually tested during and after manufacture by dedicated instruments and on-site quality control laboratories to ensure safe operation and to assure that the product will meet required specifications.
Proses dan produk umumnya diuji selama dan setelah proses dengan menggunakan instrumen atau alat tertentu untuk memastikan operasi berjalan aman dan produk yang dibutuhkan sesuai dengan spesifikasi tertentu.
The products are packaged and delivered by many methods, including pipelines, tank-cars, and tank-trucks (for both solids and liquids), cylinders, drums, bottles, and boxes.
Produk ini dikirimkan dengan banyak cara, termasuk jalur pipa, mobil tanki, silinder, botol, drum, kotak, dsb.
Chemical companies often have a research-and-development laboratory for developing and testing products and processes.
Sebuah perusahaan kimia umumnya mempunyai laboratorium penelitian dan pengembangan untuk menguji dan mengembangkan proses serta produk mereka.