James Challis FRS (12 December 1803 – 3 December 1882) was an English clergyman, physicist and astronomer.
James Challis FRS (12 Desember 1803 – 3 December 1882) adalah seorang biarawan, fisikawan dan astronom Inggris.
Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy and the director of the Cambridge Observatory, he investigated a wide range of physical phenomena though made few lasting contributions outside astronomy.
Profesor Plumian dan direktur Observatorium Cambridge, ia menginvestigsi sebuah garis besar dari fenomena fisika yang membuat beberapa kontribusi di luar astronomi.
Challis was born in Braintree, Essex where his father, John Challis, was a stonemason.
Challis lahir di Braintree, Essex di mana ayahnya, John Challis, menjadi seorang tukang batu.
After attending various local schools, he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1825 as Senior Wrangler and first Smith's prizeman.
Setelah masuk berbagai sekolah lokal, ia lulus dari Trinity College, Cambridge pada 1825 sebagai Senior Wrangler dan penerima penghargaan Smith pertama.
In 1836, he became director of the Cambridge Observatory and Plumian Professor, holding the latter post until his death.
Pada tahun 1836, ia menjadi direktur Observatorium Cambridge dan Profesor Plumian, memegang jabatan terakhir sampai kematiannya.
As examiner for the Smith's prize, he appraised the early work of G. G. Stokes, Arthur Cayley, John Couch Adams, William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), Peter Guthrie Tait and James Clerk Maxwell.
Sebagai penguji hadiah Smith, dia menilai karya awal G. G. Stokes, Arthur Cayley, John Couch Adams, William Thomson (kemudian Lord Kelvin), Peter Guthrie Tait dan James Clerk Maxwell.
For over a decade, in correspondence and publications, Challis repeatedly disagreed with Stokes's conclusions from his research.
Selama lebih dari satu dekade, dalam korespondensi dan publikasi, Challis berulang kali tidak setuju dengan kesimpulan Stokes dari penelitiannya.
He and Thomson together set and examined the Adams prize topic on Saturn's rings, won by Maxwell in 1857.
Dia dan Thomson bersama-sama menetapkan dan memeriksa topik hadiah Adams tentang cincin Saturnus, yang dimenangkan oleh Maxwell pada tahun 1857.
Challis succeeded George Biddell Airy at the observatory and gradually improved the instrumentation and accuracy of observations.
Challis menggantikan George Biddell Airy di observatorium dan secara bertahap meningkatkan instrumentasi dan akurasi pengamatan.
He made some early observations of the fracture of comet 3D/Biela into two pieces on 15 January 1846 and re-observed both fragments in 1852.
Dia membuat beberapa pengamatan awal patahan komet 3D/Biela menjadi dua bagian pada tanggal 15 Januari 1846 dan mengamati kembali kedua fragmen tersebut pada tahun 1852.
He invented the meteoroscope (1848) and the transit-reducer (1849).
Dia menemukan meteoroskop (1848) dan peredam transit (1849).
Challis published twelve volumes of Astronomical Observations Made at the Observatory of Cambridge.
Challis menerbitkan dua belas jilid Astronomical Observations Made at the Observatory of Cambridge.
Challis eventually resigned the observatory post because of the chronic stress that his inability to keep up with processing new astronomical observations was causing him.
Challis akhirnya mengundurkan diri dari jabatan observatorium karena tekanan kronis yang disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuannya untuk mengikuti pemrosesan pengamatan astronomi baru.
He was succeeded by Adams though he maintained his professorship until his death.
Dia digantikan oleh Adams meskipun dia mempertahankan jabatan profesor sampai kematiannya.
Cambridge: Deighton, Bell and Co. Challis, J. (1871)
Cambridge: Deighton, Bell and Co. — (1871)
A Translation of the Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Romans Challis, J. (1873)
A Translation of the Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Romans — (1873)
An Essay on the Mathematical Principles of Physics Challis, J. (1875) Remarks on the Cambridge Mathematical Studies Challis, J. (1879) Lectures on Practical Astronomy and Astronomical Instruments Challis, J. (1880) Essay on the Scriptural Doctrine of Immortality J. W. L. G. (1882–83)
An Essay on the Mathematical Principles of Physics — (1875) Remarks on the Cambridge Mathematical Studies — (1880) Essay on the Scriptural Doctrine of Immortality J. W. L. G. (1882–83) "James Challis" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 43: 160–79 [Anon.] (2001) "Challis, James", Encyclopaedia Britannica, CDROM Deluxe edition Clerke, A. M. (2006)
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
New York: Charles Screibner's Sons.
ISBN 0-7139-9472-X. Works by James Challis at Project Gutenberg Works by or about James Challis at the Internet Archive
ISBN 0-7139-9472-X. Karya James Challis di Project Gutenberg Karya oleh/tentang James Challis di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)