On January 18, 2012, a series of coordinated protests occurred against two proposed laws in the United States Congress—the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA).
Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2012, serangkaian protes terencanakan diadakan melawan dua rancangan hukum di Kongres Amerika Serikat, yaitu Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) PROTECT IP Act (PIPA).
These followed smaller protests in late 2011.
Protes ini mengikuti protes-protes kecil pada akhir 2011.
Protests were based on concerns that the bills, intended to provide more robust responses to copyright infringement (also known as piracy) arising outside the United States, contained measures that could possibly infringe online freedom of speech, websites, and Internet communities.
Protes ini didasarkan pada kekhawatiran bahwa RUU yang ditujukan untuk memberikan tanggapan yang lebih besar terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta (dikenal sebagai pembajakan) yang meningkat di luar Amerika Serikat ini berisikan peraturan-peraturan yang dapat mengancam kebebasan berbicara daring, situs web, dan komunitas Internet.
Protesters also argued that there were insufficient safeguards in place to protect sites based upon user-generated content.
Para pemrotes juga meragukan ketiadaan pelindung untuk melindungi situs-situs berbasis konten buatan pengguna.
According to Fight for the Future, more than 115,000 websites joined the Internet protest.
Secara keseluruhan, lebih dari 115.000 situs web dan puluhan juta orang bergabung dengan protes Internet ini.
In addition to the online protests, there were simultaneous physical demonstrations in several U.S. cities, including New York City, San Francisco and Seattle, and separately during December 2011 a mass boycott of then-supporter GoDaddy.
Selain protes daring, ada pula demonstrasi nyata di beberapa kota di A.S., termasuk New York City, San Francisco, dan Seattle.
The protests were reported globally.
Protes-protes lain juga diadakan di seluruh dunia.
Days prior to the action, the White House issued a statement that it would "not support legislation that reduces freedom of expression, increases cybersecurity risk, or undermines the dynamic, innovative global Internet".
Beberapa hari sebelum tindakan tersebut, Gedung Putih mengeluarkan pernyataan bahwa mereka "tidak mendukung UU yang mengikis kebebasan berbicara, meningkatkan risiko keamanan siber, atau mengancam Internet global yang dinamis dan inovatif."
On January 18, 2012, itself, more than 8 million people looked up their representative on Wikipedia, 3 million people emailed Congress to express opposition to the bills, more than 1 million messages were sent to Congress through the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an online petition at Google recorded over 4.5 million signatures, Twitter recorded at least 2.4 million SOPA-related tweets, and lawmakers collected "more than 14 million names—more than 10 million of them voters—who contacted them to protest" the bills.
Pada hari protes, lebih dari 8 juta orang mencari perwakilan mereka di Wikipedia, petisi di Google mencatat sekitar 4,5 juta tanda tangan, lebih dari 1 juta surat elektronik dikirim ke Kongres melalui Electronic Frontier Foundation, selama beberapa jam Twitter menerima sekitar 1/4 juta kicauan per jam mengenai SOPA, para pembuat hukum mengumpulkan "lebih dari 14 juta nama - 10 juta di antaranya adalah pemilih".
During and after the January protest, a number of politicians who had previously supported the bills expressed concerns with the proposals in their existing form, while others withdrew their support entirely.
Selama dan sesudah protes 18 Januari, para politikus yang sebelumnya mendukung UU ini mulai meragukan isinya, sementara lainnya menarik dukungan mereka secara total.
Internationally, "scathing" criticism of the bills was voiced from World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee, as well as the European Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies.
Di luar negeri, komentar "pedas" mengenai RUU ini disuarakan oleh penemu World Wide Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, serta Komisaris Eropa untuk Agenda Digital.
Others such as The New York Times saw the protests as "a political coming of age for the tech industry".
The New York Times memandang protes ini sebagai "era politik bagi industri teknologi.
By January 20, 2012, the political environment regarding both bills had shifted significantly.
" Pada 20 Januari, lingkungan politik mengenai kedua RUU tersebut berubah total.
On December 10, 2011, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales drew attention to concerns over SOPA, which he described as a "much worse law" than the DDL intercettazioni (Wiretapping Bill) in Italy some months earlier, and which was being fast-tracked through the United States Congress under a "misleading title".
Pada tanggal 10 Desember 2011, pendiri bersama Wikipedia Jimmy Wales menarik perhatian atas kekhawatirannya terhadap SOPA, yang ia sebut sebagai "hukum yang jauh lebih buruk" dibandingkan DDL intercettazioni (UU Penyadapan) di Italia beberapa bulan sebelumnya, yang sedang dilacak cepat oleh Kongres atas "judul yang menyesatkan".
They Didn't, Tucows, blip.tv, Tumblr, TwitPic, Twitter, The Oatmeal, VGMusic.com, WordPress, the webcomic xkcd as well as the corporate site of the Linux distribution openSUSE and the congressional websites of Silicon Valley representatives Anna Eshoo and Zoe Lofgren.
They Didn't, Tucows, What Dat.net, ThatGuyWithTheGlasses, Tumblr, TwitPic, VGMusic, Wikia, Wordpress, xkcd, Galobuz] serta situs korporat distribusi Linux, openSUSE, dan situs perwakilan Kongres dari Silicon Valley, Anna Eshoo dan Zoe Lofgren.
Clicking through the specially designed logo took readers to an informational page about the bills, and the opportunity to sign a petition to be sent to Congress stating their concerns.
Jika logo tersebut diklik, pengguna akan dialihkan ke halaman informasi tentang RUU ini, disertai kesempatan untuk menandatangani petisi kepada Kongres yang menyatakan kekhawatiran mereka.
The Mozilla Foundation altered the default start page of their Firefox web browser, blacking it out and providing links with more information on the SOPA/PIPA bills and the opposition to them, and to allow users to email their Congressional representatives.
Mozilla Foundation mengganti halaman awal peramban web Firefox-nya dengan warna hitam dan menyertakan tautan yang berisikan informasi tentang RUU SOPA/PIPA dilengkapi pernyataan penentangan mereka, dan memungkinkan pengguna mengirim surel ke perwakilan Kongres mereka.
A video was circulated by the League for Gamers (founded by Mark Kern and supported by ScrewAttack, Extra Credits, and LoadingReadyRun) protesting the Entertainment Software Association's support of SOPA by gathering support to boycott the ESA's popular E3 convention.
Sebuah video yang disebarkan oleh League for Gamers (didirikan oleh Mark Kern dan didukung oleh ScrewAttack, Extra Credits, dan LoadingReadyRun) memrotes dukungan Entertainment Software Association terhadap SOPA dengan menggalang dukungan untuk memboikot ESA Electronic Entertainment Expo Convention.
In addition to the online blackouts, protests in cities such as New York City, San Francisco, and Seattle were held on January 18 to raise awareness of the two bills.
Selain pemadaman daring, protes di kota-kota seperti New York City, San Francisco, dan Seattle diadakan pada 18 Januari untuk membangkitkan kesadaran terhadap kedua RUU tersebut.
Media that covered the story included Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, BBC, der Spiegel, Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération, Fox News, The Guardian, Menafn, News Corp Australia, Sky News, The Age, The Hindu, The New York Times, Taipei Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The Times of India.
Media yang meliput berita ini mencakup ABC Australia, CBC, BBC, der Spiegel, Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération, Fox News, The Guardian, Menafn, News Limited, Sky News, The Age, The Hindu, The New York Times, Taipei Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal dan
Dick Costolo, CEO of social networking site Twitter, rejected calls for Twitter to join the protest, tweeting that "[c]losing a global business in reaction to single-issue national politics is foolish".
" Dick Costolo, CEO situs jejaring sosial Twitter, menolak seruan agar Twitter bergabung dengan protes ini sambil berkicau bahwa, "bodoh sekali mengorbankan bisnis global sebagai tanggapan terhadap sebuah masalah politik nasional."
On January 17, 2012, in response to growing concerns over PIPA and SOPA, the White House stated that it "will not support legislation that reduces freedom of expression, increases cybersecurity risk, or undermines the dynamic, innovative global Internet".
" Pada 17 Januari 2012, sebagai tanggapan terhadap kekhawatiran mengenai PIPA dan SOPA, Gedung Putih menyatakan bahwa mereka "tidak akan mendukung UU yang mengikis kebebasan berbicara, meningkatkan risiko keamanan siber, atau mengancam Internet global yang dinamis dan inovatif.
The Wikimedia Foundation reported that there were over 162 million visits to the blacked-out version of Wikipedia during the 24-hour period, with at least 8 million uses of the site's front page to look up contact information for their U.S. Congressional representatives.
" Yayasan Wikimedia melaporkan bahwa ada 162 juta kunjungan ke Wikipedia selama 24 jam dipadamkan, dengan 8 juta di antaranya memakai halaman depan situs ini untuk menghubungi perwakilan Kongres A.S. mereka.
A petition created and linked to by Google recorded over 4.5 million signatures, while the Electronic Frontier Foundation reported that more than 1 million email messages were sent to congressmen through their site during the blackout.
Sebuah petisi yang dibuat Google mencatat lebih dari 4,5 juta tanda tangan, sementara Electronic Frontier Foundation melaporkan ada lebih dari 1 juta surel yang dikirim ke Anggota Kongres melalui situs mereka ketika pemadaman terjadi.
MS NOW reported that over 2.4 million Twitter messages about SOPA, PIPA, and the blackouts were made during a 16-hour period on January 18, 2012, by Twitter users, including Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who had not used the service since 2009, to encourage his followers to contact their congressmen.
MSNBC melaporkan bahwa 2,4 juta pesan Twitter tentang SOPA, PIPA, dan pemadaman tersebut dikirimkan dalam kurun 16 jam pada 18 Januari; termasuk pesan dari pendiri Facebook Mark Zuckerberg, yang belum menggunakan layanan ini sejak 2009, dengan mendorong para pengikutnya untuk menghubungi Anggota Kongres mereka.
Ron Wyden, a key opponent of the bills, said that "lawmakers had collected more than 14 million names — more than 10 million of them voters" to protest the legislation.
Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR), seorang penentang utama RUU ini berkata bahwa "para pembuat hukum telah mengumpulkan lebikh dari 14 juta nama - 10 juta di antaranya adalah pemilih" yang memrotes kedua RUU tersebut.
Students who grew up turning to the internet to look up information were encouraged to visit the library as an alternative source of information.
Mahasiswa yang beralih ke Internet untuk mencari informasi disarankan untuk mengunjungi perpustakaan sebagai sumber informasi alternatif.
On Twitter, a joke hashtag #factswithoutWikipedia trended with users posting humorous fake "facts".
Di Twitter, tagar humor #factswithoutWikipedia masuk topik terhangat yang berisikan
CTV News in Canada published a "survival guide" for "getting around the blackout" on their national website, citing Wikipedia as the answer to "burning questions such as "Are chinchillas rodents?" and "What does 'rickrolling' mean?"
CTV dari Kanada menerbitkan "panduan bertahan hidup" dari pemadaman tersebut di situs web nasional mereka, sambil merujuk Wikipedia sebagai jawaban terhadap "pertanyaan hangat seperti "Apakah chinchilla hewan pengerat?" dan "Apa arti 'rickrolling'?"
That's not trivial."
Ini bukanlah hal yang sepele.
World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee "scathingly" attacked the SOPA and PIPA legislation.
" Penemu World Wide Web Sir Tim Berners-Lee "dengan pedas" menyerang RUU SOPA dan PIPA.
Two days later, Vice-President of the European Commission and European Commissioner for the Digital Agenda Neelie Kroes described the bills as "bad legislation" that would "threaten the basic foundation of the success of the web."
Dua hari kemudian, Wakil Presiden Komisi Eropa dan Komisaris Eropa untuk Agenda Digital Neelie Kroes menyebut RUU ini sebagai "UU yang buruk" yang mampu "mengancam pondasi dasar kesuksesan web".
During the day of January 18, six of PIPA's sponsors in the Senate, including Marco Rubio, PIPA's co-sponsor, Orrin Hatch, Kelly Ayotte, Roy Blunt, John Boozman, and Mark Kirk, stated that they would withdraw their support for the bills.
Pada 18 Januari, enam senator yang menjadi sponsor RUU ini, termasuk Marco Rubio, ko-sponsor PIPA, Orrin Hatch, Kelly Ayotte, Roy Blunt, John Boozman, dan Mark Kirk, menyatakan bahwa mereka akan menarik dukungan mereka terhadap RUU ini.
By the following day, eighteen of the 100 senators, including eleven of the original sponsors of the PIPA bill, had announced that they no longer supported PIPA.
Keesokan harinya, 18 dari 100 senator, termasuk 11 sponsor asli RUU PIPA, telah mengumumkan bahwa mereka tidak lagi mendukung PIPA.
By one account, the shift in stated positions on SOPA/PIPA by members of Congress had gone overnight from 80 for and 31 against to 65 for and 101 against.
Perubahan dukungan terhadap SOPA/PIPA oleh anggota Kongres berubah dalam semalam dari 80 mendukung dan 31 menentang menjadi 65 mendukung dan 101 menentang.
An initial floor vote was scheduled for January 24, prior to the Internet blackout, but following these responses, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid announced that the vote will be postponed, urging the bill's main sponsor, Senator Patrick Leahy, to work out compromise in the bill "to forge a balance between protecting Americans' intellectual property, and maintaining openness and innovation on the Internet".
Pemungutan suara awal dijadwalkan pada 24 Januari, tetapi setelah tanggapan masyarakat bermunculan, Pemimpin Mayoritas Senator Harry Reid mengumumkan bahwa pemungutan suara akan ditunda sambil membujuk sponsor utama RUU ini, Senator Patrick Leahy, "untuk menciptakan keseimbangan antara properti intelektual Amerika Serikat, dan mempertahankan keterbukaan dan inovasi Internet".
Similarly, the House Judiciary Subcommittee chairman, Representative Lamar Smith, announced that further voting on SOPA would be placed on hold "until there is wider agreement on a solution".
Ketua Subkomite Yudisial Dewan, Perwakialn Lamar S. Smith, mengumumkan bahwa pemungutan suara lebih lanjut terhadap SOPA akan ditunda "sampai ada persetujuan yang lebih banyak mengenai solusinya".
Retrieved January 16, 2012.
Diakses tanggal January 16, 2012.