Exactly how, where, and when did life on Earth originate?
Asal kehidupan Bagaimana persisnya dan kapan kehidupan di Bumi berasal?
Development and evolution of the brain.
Pengembangan dan evolusi otak Bagaimana dan mengapa otak berkembang?
What are the molecular determinants of individual brain development?
Apa saja molekuler determinan perkembangan otak individu?
In cell theory, what is the exact transport mechanism by which proteins travel through the Golgi apparatus?
Badan Golgi Dalam teori sel, apa mekanisme transportasi tepat dari perjalanan protein melalui Badan Golgi?
Sleep: What is the biological function of sleep?
Tidur Apa fungsi biologis tidur?
What are the underlying brain mechanisms?
Apa mekanisme otak yang mendasarinya?
What is its relation to anesthesia?
Apa hubungannya dengan anestesi?
Neuropsychiatric diseases: What are the neural bases (causes) of mental diseases like psychotic disorders (e.g. mania, schizophrenia), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or addiction?
Penyakit Apa dasar saraf (penyebab) penyakit mental seperti kelainan psikotik (misalnya mania, skizofrenia, penyakit Parkinson, penyakit Alzheimer, atau kecanduan?
Is it possible to recover loss of sensory or motor function?
Mungkinkah untuk memulihkan kehilangan fungsi sensorik atau motorik?
How does previous experience alter perception and behavior?
Bagaimana pengalaman sebelumnya mengubah persepsi dan perilaku?
What are the genetic and environmental contributions to brain function?
Apa kontribusi genetik dan lingkungan terhadap fungsi otak?
Computational neuroscience: How important is the precise timing of action potentials for information processing in the neocortex?
Ilmu saraf komputasi Seberapa penting waktu pengambilan tindakan yang tepat untuk pemrosesan informasi di neokorteks?
How is information in the brain processed by the collective dynamics of large neuronal circuits?
Bagaimana informasi di otak yang diproses oleh dinamika kolektif rangkaian neuron besar?
What level of simplification is suitable for a description of information processing in the brain?
Apa tingkat penyederhanaan yang cocok untuk deskripsi pengolahan informasi di otak?
What is the neural code?
Apa kode syarafnya?
Computational theory of mind: What are the limits of understanding thinking as a form of computing?
Teori komputasi pikiran Apa batasan pemahaman berpikir sebagai bentuk komputasi? Kesadaran Apa dasar otak dari pengalaman subjektif, kognisi, terjaga, kewaspadaan, gairah, dan perhatian?
Is there a "hard problem of consciousness"?
Apakah ada "masalah sulit kesadaran"?
If so, how is it solved?
Jika ya, bagaimana solusinya?
Particularly studied by the neuroscience of free will.
Kehendak bebas Terutama ilmu saraf kehendak bebas.
Learning and memory: Where do our memories get stored and how are they retrieved again?
Pembelajaran dan ingatan Ke mana ingatan kita disimpan dan bagaimana mereka kembali lagi?
What is the difference between explicit and implicit memories?
Apa perbedaan antara memori eksplisit dan implisit?
The emergence and evolution of intelligence: What are the laws and mechanisms of new idea emergence (insight, creativity synthesis, intuition, decision-making, eureka); development (evolution) of an individual mind in ontogenesis, etc.?
Noogenesis-kemunculan dan evolusi kecerdasan Apa hukum dan mekanisme - kemunculan ide baru, sintesis kreativitas, intuisi, keputusan-keputusan, eureka); pengembangan (evolusi) pikiran individu di ontogenesis, dll?
Perception: How does the brain transfer sensory information into coherent, private percepts?
Persepsi Bagaimana otak mentransfer sensori ke dalam persepsi pribadi dan koheren?
What are the rules by which perception is organized?
Apa aturan yang dengannya persepsi diorganisir?
What are the features/objects that constitute our perceptual experience of internal and external events?
Apa saja fitur/Objek yang merupakan pengalaman persepsi kita tentang kejadian internal dan eksternal?
What is the relationship between subjective experience and the physical world?
Apa hubungan antara pengalaman subjektif dengan dunia fisik?
The high diversity of phytoplankton seems to violate the competitive exclusion principle.
Paradoks plankton Keanekaragaman hayati fitoplankton kelihatanya melanggar prinsip pengecualian kompetitif.