Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher energy ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing radiation; whereas the lower energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are non-ionizing radiation.
Sinar gama, sinar X, dan sinar ultraviolet yang berenergi tinggi dari spektrum elektromagnetik bersifat pengion, sedangkan bagian sinar ultraviolet yang berenergi lebih rendah dan semua spektrum di bawah UV, termasuk cahaya kasatmata (termasuk hampir semua jenis sinar laser), inframerah, gelombang mikro, dan gelombang radio dianggap sebagai radiasi non-pengion.
Ionizing subatomic particles include alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons.
Partikel subatomik pengion dari radioaktivitas mencakup partikel alfa, partikel beta, dan neutron.
There are also secondary cosmic particles produced after cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere, including muons, mesons, and positrons.
Partikel pengion subatomik lain yang muncul secara alami adalah muon, meson, positron, dan partikel lain yang membentuk sinar kosmik sekunder yang dihasilkan setelah sinar kosmik primer berinteraksi dengan atmosfer bumi.
Cosmic rays may also produce radioisotopes on Earth (for example, carbon-14), which in turn decay and emit ionizing radiation.
Sinar kosmik juga dapat menghasilkan radioisotop di Bumi (misalnya, karbon-14), yang pada gilirannya meluruh dan menghasilkan radiasi pengion.
Cosmic rays and the decay of radioactive isotopes are the primary sources of natural ionizing radiation on Earth, contributing to background radiation.
Sinar kosmik dan peluruhan isotop radioaktif adalah sumber utama radiasi pengion alami di Bumi yang disebut sebagai radiasi latar belakang.
Ionizing radiation is used in a wide variety of fields such as medicine, nuclear power, research, and industrial manufacturing, but is a health hazard if proper measures against excessive exposure are not taken.
Radiasi pengion digunakan di berbagai bidang seperti kedokteran, daya nuklir, penelitian, manufaktur, konstruksi, dan banyak bidang lainnya, tetapi menimbulkan bahaya kesehatan jika tindakan yang tepat terhadap paparan yang tidak diinginkan tidak dilakukan.
The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (Annals of the ICRP).
"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection".
ICRP publication 103.
ICRP publication 103. 37 (2–4).
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates most commercial radiation sources and non-medical exposures in the US: NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 Report Volume 1: Sources, Volume 2: Effects Beginners Guide to Ionising Radiation Measurement Mike Hanley.
Diakses tanggal 17 May 2012. ; The Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates most commercial radiation sources and non-medical exposures in the US: NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 Report Volume 1: Sources, Volume 2: Effects Beginners Guide to Ionising Radiation Measurement Mike Hanley.
Free Radiation Safety Course Archived 2018-04-16 at the Wayback Machine Health Physics Society Public Education Website Oak Ridge Reservation Basic Radiation Facts
Free Radiation Safety Course Health Physics Society Public Education Website Oak Ridge Reservation Diarsipkan 2004-06-23 di Wayback Machine.