Ik45/wikipedia_dataset_science_en_id huggingface dataset:
The 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the first bridge at this location, was a suspension bridge in the U.S. state of Washington that spanned the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound between Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula.
Jembatan Tacoma Narrows 1940, Jembatan Tacoma Narrows pertama, adalah sebuah jembatan suspen di negara bagian Washington, Amerika Serikat yang melintasi selat Tacoma Narrows dari Puget Sound antara Tacoma dan Semenanjung Kitsap.
It opened to traffic on July 1, 1940, and dramatically collapsed into Puget Sound on November 7 of the same year.
Ini dibuka untuk lalu lintas pada 1 Juli 1940, dan secara dramatis runtuh pada 7 November tahun yang sama.
Throughout its short existence, it was the world's third-longest suspension bridge by main span, behind the Golden Gate Bridge and the George Washington Bridge.
Pada masa pembangunannya (dan kehancurannya), jembatan tersebut merupakan jembatan suspen terpanjang ketiga di dunia dalam hal ukuran bentangan utama, setelah Jembatan Gerbang Emas dan Jembatan George Washington.
Toulmin, Stephen (1965).
Goodfield, June; Toulmin, Stephen (1965).
Burns, Alfred (1971).
XX: 25–34. Burns, Alfred (1971).
Archived from the original on 2012-02-05.
Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-02-05.
Kienast, Hermann J. (2005).
Kienast, Hermann J. (1995).
ISBN 960-214-424-6. Olson, Åke (2012).
ISBN 960-214-424-6, 60 pp, €9-80 Olson, Åke: (2012).
Anatolia Antiqua, Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes.
Anatolia Antiqua, Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes.
"How Eupalinos navigated his way through the mountain-An empirical approach to the geometry of Eupalinos" Dan Hughes: The Tunnel of Eupalinos Michael Lahanas: The Eupalinos Tunnel of Samos The Tunnel of Eupalinos - Samos Explore Tunnel of Eupalinos - Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism Tom M. Apostol: The Tunnel of Samos
"How Eupalinos navigated his way through the mountain-An empirical approach to the geometry of Eupalinos" Dan Hughes: The Tunnel of Eupalinos Michael Lahanas: The Eupalinos Tunnel of Samos Tunnel of Eupalinos - Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism Tom M. Apostol: The Tunnel of Samos
The Vehicle Assembly Building (originally the Vertical Assembly Building), or VAB, is a large building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, designed to assemble large pre-manufactured space vehicle components, such as the massive Saturn V, the Space Shuttle and the Space Launch System, and stack them vertically onto one of three mobile launcher platforms used by NASA.
Vehicle (awalnya Vertikal) Assembly Building, atau VAB, di NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) adalah sebuah bangunan yang dirancang untuk merakit kendaraan besar ruang angkasa, seperti Saturn V dan Shuttle Space.
At 129,428,000 ft3 (3,665,000 m3), it is the eighth-largest building in the world by volume as of 2022.
Dengan 3.664.883 meter kubik (129.428.000 kaki kubik), itu adalah salah satu bangunan terbesar di dunia dengan volume.
The building is at Launch Complex 39 at KSC, 149 miles (240 km) south of Jacksonville, 219 miles (352 km) north of Miami, and 50 miles (80 km) due east of Orlando, on Merritt Island on the Atlantic coast of Florida.
Bangunan ini terletak di Launch Complex 39 di KSC, setengah jalan antara Jacksonville dan Miami, dan timur dari Orlando pada Merritt Island pada pantai Atlantik Florida.
The VAB is the largest single-story building in the world, was the tallest building (526 ft or 160 m) in Florida until 1974, and is the tallest building in the United States outside an urban area.
VAB adalah bangunan terbesar bertingkat satu di dunia, adalah bangunan tertinggi (160,3 m) di Florida sampai tahun 1974, dan masih bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat di luar daerah perkotaan. VAB, yang selesai pada tahun 1966, awalnya dibangun untuk memungkinkan untuk perakitan vertikal roket Saturn V untuk program Apollo dan disebut sebagai Vertical Assembly Building.
The Washington Monument is a 555-foot (169 m) tall obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, a Founding Father of the United States and the nation's first president.
Monumen Washington (bahasa Inggris: Washington Monument) adalah monumen yang berbentuk obelisk yang berada di tengah kawasan National Mall di ibu kota Amerika Serikat, Washington, D.C..
It was the world's tallest structure between 1884 and 1889, after which it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower, in Paris.
Setelah pembangunan selesai, monumen yang tingginya 169 meter ini memegang rekor dunia untuk bangunan tertinggi, sampai dikalahkan oleh Menara Eiffel di Paris pada tahun 1889.
Its main purposes are to improve flood protection and create additional land for agriculture.
Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk meningkatkan perlindungan dari banjir dan mereklamasi tanah untuk lahan pertanian.
Initially confined to single-tasking on 8-bit processors and no more than 64 kilobytes of memory, later versions of CP/M added multi-user variations and were migrated to 16-bit processors.
Awalnya terbatas pada tugas tunggal pada prosesor 8-bit dan tidak lebih dari 64 kilobyte memori, versi CP/M yang lebih baru menambahkan variasi multi-pengguna dan dimigrasikan ke prosesor 16-bit.
This computer platform was widely used in business through the late 1970s and into the mid-1980s.
Platform komputer ini banyak digunakan dalam bisnis hingga akhir 1970-an dan hingga pertengahan 1980-an.
CP/M increased the market size for both hardware and software by greatly reducing the amount of programming required to port an application to a new manufacturer's computer.
CP/M meningkatkan ukuran pasar untuk perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak dengan sangat mengurangi jumlah pemrograman yang diperlukan untuk menginstal aplikasi pada komputer pabrikan baru.
An important driver of software innovation was the advent of (comparatively) low-cost microcomputers running CP/M, as independent programmers and hackers bought them and shared their creations in user groups.
Penggerak penting dari inovasi perangkat lunak adalah munculnya mikrokomputer berbiaya rendah (relatif) yang menjalankan CP/M, ketika programmer dan peretas independen membelinya dan berbagi kreasi mereka dalam kelompok pengguna.
CP/M was eventually displaced in popularity by DOS following the 1981 introduction of the IBM PC.
CP/M dipindahkan oleh DOS segera setelah diperkenalkannya IBM PC tahun 1981.
The Unofficial CP/M Web site (founded by Tim Olmstead) - Includes source code Gaby Chaudry's Homepage for CP/M and Computer History - includes ZCPR materials CP/M Main Page - John C. Elliott's technical information site MaxFrame's Digital Research CP/M page
The Unofficial CP/M Web site (founded by Tim Olmstead) - Includes source code Gaby Chaudry's Homepage for CP/M and Computer History - includes ZCPR materials CP/M Main Page - John C. Elliott's technical information site CP/M Internals - CP/M internals MaxFrame's Digital Research CP/M page
The term "computer", in use from the early 17th century (the first known written reference dates from 1613), meant "one who computes": a person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic calculators became available.
Istilah "computer" (bahasa Indonesia: komputer), yang digunakan dari awal abad ke-17 (tulisan tertua yang ditemukan bertanggal 1613), berarti "orang yang menghitung": orang yang melakukan penghitungan matematis, sebelum komputer elektronik tersedia secara komersial.
Teams of people, often women from the late nineteenth century onwards, were used to undertake long and often tedious calculations; the work was divided so that this could be done in parallel.
Sekelompok orang, biasanya wanita sejak akhir abad ke-19, digunakan untuk melakukan penghitungan yang panjang dan menjemukan; pekerjaannya dibagi-bagi agar bisa dikerjakan secara paralel.
The same calculations were frequently performed independently by separate teams to check the correctness of the results.
Penghitungan yang sama sering dilakukan oleh beberapa tim secara terpisah untuk memeriksa ketepatan hasil.
The Age of Female Computers Archived June 16, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, by David Skinner Sonoma State University Archived April 22, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Wellesley Description of model of H. A. Lorentz "Human Computers" is an artwork by RYBN.ORG collective, 2016-2020
The Age of Female Computers Diarsipkan 2006-06-16 di Wayback Machine., oleh David Skinner Sonoma State University Diarsipkan 2021-04-22 di Wayback Machine.
The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories, and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen.
Sejarah kecerdasan buatan dimulai pada zaman kuno dalam mitos, cerita, dan desas-desus tentang makhluk buatan yang diberkahi dengan kecerdasan atau kesadaran oleh perajin.
The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to the present led directly to the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on abstract mathematical reasoning.
Karya ini memuncak dalam penemuan komputer digital yang dapat diprogram pada tahun 1940-an, sebuah mesin yang didasarkan pada esensi abstrak penalaran matematika.
This device and the ideas behind it inspired scientists to begin discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain.
Perangkat ini dan ide-ide di baliknya menginspirasi segelintir ilmuwan untuk mulai serius membahas kemungkinan membangun otak elektronik.
The close relationship between these ideas suggested that it might be possible to construct an "electronic brain".
Perangkat ini dan ide-ide di baliknya menginspirasi segelintir ilmuwan untuk mulai serius membahas kemungkinan membangun otak elektronik.
The term "Artificial Intelligence" was introduced by John McCarthy at the workshop.
Hal ini menjadikan McCarthy disebut sebagai bapak kecerdasan buatan.
Newell and Simon tried to capture a general version of this algorithm in a program called the "General Problem Solver".
Newell dan Simon dengan ssebuah program yang disebut General Problem Solver.
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a digital asset that uses cryptography to control its creation and management rather than relying on central authorities.
Bitcoin adalah mata uang kripto, aset digital yang menggunakan kriptografi untuk mengendalikan mata uang dan pengelolaannya tidak bergantung kepada otoritas pusat.
The history of bitcoin started with its invention and implementation by Satoshi Nakamoto, who integrated many existing ideas from the cryptography community.
Sejarah Bitcoin dimulai saat ia diciptakan dan diterapkan oleh Satoshi Nakamoto, sosok yang mengumpulkan banyak gagasan dari komunitas kriptografi.
Over the course of bitcoin's history, it has undergone rapid growth to become a significant store of value both on- and offline.
Sepanjang sejarah Bitcoin, ia telah mengalami pertumbuhan cepat menjadi lindung nilai secara daring dan luring.
From the mid-2010s, some businesses began accepting bitcoin in addition to traditional currencies.
Dari pertengahan tahun 2010-an, beberapa bisnis mulai menerima Bitcoin di samping mata uang tradisional.
Interactive bitcoin history
Sejarah Bitcoin yang interaktif
Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American businessman, computer programmer, and investor.
Paul Gardner Allen (21 Januari 1953 – 15 Oktober 2018) adalah taipan bisnis, investor, dan filantropis Amerika Serikat.
Allen founded the Allen Institutes for Brain Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Cell Science, as well as companies like Stratolaunch Systems and Apex Learning.
Ia adalah pendiri Allen Institute for Brain Science, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Institute for Cell Science, dan Stratolaunch Systems.
Allen gave more than $2 billion towards the advancement of science, technology, education, wildlife conservation, the arts, and community services in his lifetime.
Sepanjang hidupnya, Allen menyumbangkan lebih dari $2 miliar untuk program pendidikan, perlindungan hewan liar dan lingkungan, seni, layanan kesehatan, layanan masyarakat, dan lain-lain.
In 2007 and 2008, Allen was listed among the Time 100 Most Influential People in The World.
Allen mendapat banyak penghargaan di berbagai bidang dan masuk daftar Time 100 Most Influential People in The World tahun 2007 dan 2008.
Allen is portrayed by Josh Hopkins.
Allen diperankan oleh Josh Hopkins.
Rich, Laura, The Accidental Zillionaire: Demystifying Paul Allen, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Rich, Laura, The accidental zillionaire: demystifying Paul Allen, Hoboken, N.J.:
The IBM 1017 is a table-top paper tape reader from IBM introduced in 1968.
IBM 1017 adalah perangkat pembaca pita kertas meja yang diperkenalkan oleh IBM pada tahun 1968.
The 1017 reads 5, 6, 7, and 8-track paper or polyester tape at 120 characters-per-second (cps).
Perangkat ini dirancang untuk membaca pita kertas atau poliester dengan 5, 6, 7, atau 8 jalur pada kecepatan 120 karakter per detik (cps).
Two models were available, the model 1 reads strips of tape, while the model 2 has supply and take-up reels, and can read either strips or reels.
Model 1 dirancang untuk membaca strip pita secara langsung, sedangkan Model 2 dilengkapi dengan gulungan pasokan dan pengambilan, sehingga dapat membaca baik strip maupun gulungan pita.
The IBM 1018 is a paper tape punch from IBM introduced in 1968.
IBM 1018 adalah perangkat pelubang pita kertas yang diperkenalkan oleh IBM pada tahun 1968.
The 1017 and 1018 can attach to the multiplexor channel of an IBM System/360 Model 25, Model 30, Model 40, or Model 50, via an IBM 2826 control unit.
IBM 1017 dan IBM 1018 dapat dihubungkan ke saluran multiplexor dari IBM System/360 Model 25, Model 30, Model 40, atau Model 50 melalui unit kontrol IBM 2826.
It is now registered on the List of IEEE Milestones as a key advance in electrical engineering.
Sekarang terdaftar di tonggak sejarah IEEE sebagai kemajuan kunci dalam teknik elektro.
The Astron was unveiled in Tokyo on December 25, 1969, after ten years of research and development at Suwa Seikosha (currently named Seiko Epson), a manufacturing company of Seiko Group.
Astron diluncurkan di Tokyo pada 25 Desember 1969, hasil penelitian dan pengembangan selama sepuluh tahun di Suwa Seikosha (saat ini bernama Seiko Epson), sebuah perusahaan manufaktur Grup Seiko.
According to Seiko, Astron was accurate to ±5 seconds per month or one minute per year, and its battery life was 1 year or longer.
Menurut Seiko, Astron akurat hingga ± 5 detik per bulan atau satu menit per tahun dan daya tahan baterainya 1 tahun atau lebih.
Invention Hall of Fame Biography Amateur Radio licensee Interview in Czech TV December 2013 (in English and Czech) George E. Smith on Nobelprize.org
Invention Hall of Fame Biography Amateur Radio licensee Interview in Czech TV December 2013 (dalam bahasa Inggris) George E. Smith pada situs Nobelprize.org
The Gray Matter: The Forgotten Story of the Telephone, St. Joseph, MI, 2000.
Sejarah telepon Garis waktu telepon Baker, Burton H. (2000), The Gray Matter: The Forgotten Story of the Telephone, Telepress, St. Joseph, MI, 2000.
Historical address delivered by Alexander Graham Bell, November 2, 1911, at the first meeting of the Telephone Pioneers' Association, Beinn Bhreagh Recorder, November 1911, pp.
Speech by Alexander Graham Bell, November 2, 1911: Historical address delivered by Alexander Graham Bell, November 2, 1911, at the first meeting of the Telephone Pioneers' Association, Beinn Bhreagh Recorder, November 1911, pp.
15–19; Bethune, Brian.
15–19; Bethure, Brian, (2008)
Transmission électrique de la parole, L'Illustration (Paris), August 26, 1854 (in French) Bruce, Robert V. Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, Cornell University Press, 1990.
Bourseul, Charles, Transmission électrique de la parole, L'Illustration (Paris), August 26, 1854 (Prancis) Bruce, Robert V. (1990), Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, Cornell University Press, 1990.
The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History, McFarland, North Carolina, 1995.
ISBN 0-8014-9691-8 Coe, Lewis (1995), The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History, McFarland, North Carolina, 1995.
The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray – Alexander Bell Controversy, McFarland, North Carolina, 2000.
ISBN 0-7864-0138-9 Evenson, A. Edward (2000), The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray – Alexander Bell Controversy, McFarland, North Carolina, 2000.
"Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell", HarperCollins, Toronto, 2006, ISBN 978-0-00-200676-7 IBO: 621.385092 Josephson, Matthew.
ISBN 0-7864-0883-9 Gray, Charlotte, (2006) "Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell", HarperCollins, Toronto, 2006, ISBN 0-00-200676-6, ISBN 978-0-00-200676-7 IBO: 621.385092; Josephson, Matthew (1992), Edison: A Biography, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-54806-5 Shulman, Seth, (2007) Telephone Gambit:
Chasing Alexander Graham Bell's Secret, W.W. Norton & Co.; 1st ed., 2007, ISBN 978-0-393-06206-9 Thompson, Sylvanus P. Philipp Reis, Inventor of the Telephone, London:
Chasing Alexander Graham Bell's Secret, W.W. Norton & Comp.; 1st Edition, December 25, 2007), ISBN 0-393-06206-6, ISBN 978-0-393-06206-9 Thompson, Sylvanus P. (1883), Philipp Reis, Inventor of the Telephone, London:
John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American condensed matter physicist.
John Bardeen (23 Mei 1908 – 30 Januari 1991) ialah ilmuwan Amerika Serikat yang menerima
The transistor revolutionized the electronics industry, making possible the development of almost every modern electronic device, from telephones to computers, and ushering in the Information Age.
Penemuan transistor merevolusionerkan elektronik elektronika dan menimbulkan banyak kemajuan penting, termasuk pengembangan komputer pribadi.
The mechanism inside the tower is known as a turret clock.
Mekanisme di dalam menara jam dikenal dengan nama turret clock.
Although clock towers are today mostly admired for their aesthetics, they once served an important purpose.
Meskipun pada zaman sekarang menara jam biasanya hanya dipandang dari sisi estetika, pada masa dulu menara jam memainkan peranan yang penting di masyarakat.
Before the middle of the twentieth century, most people did not have watches, and prior to the 18th century even home clocks were rare.
Sebelum pertengahan abad ke-20, kebanyakan orang tidak memiliki jam tangan, dan sebelum abad ke-18 jam rumah sekalipun masih langka.
Clock towers were placed near the centres of towns and were often the tallest structures there.
Menara jam dibangun dekat pusat kota dan sering merupakan bangunan tertinggi di daerah tersebut.
The earliest clock tower was the Tower of the Winds in Athens, which featured eight sundials and was created in the 1st century BC during the period of Roman Greece.
Menara jam pertama adalah Menara Angin di Athena yang menggunakan delapan jam matahari.
An escapement is a mechanical linkage in mechanical watches and clocks that gives impulses to the timekeeping element and periodically releases the gear train to move forward, advancing the clock's hands.
Escapement adalah tautan mekanis pada arloji mekanis atau jam yang memberikan dorongan terhadap elemen ketepatan waktu dan secara berkala melepaskan gerigi untuk bergerak maju, memajukan jarum jam.
The impulse action transfers energy to the clock's timekeeping element (usually a pendulum or balance wheel) to replace the energy lost to friction during its cycle and keep the timekeeper oscillating.
Dorongan ini mentransfer energi ke elemen ketepatan waktu (biasanya berbentuk pendulum atau roda keseimbangan)
London: Cassel & Co. pp.
London: Cassel & Co. hlm.
Outdoors, it attaches either to a fire engine, fire hydrant, or a portable fire pump.
Di luar ruangan, selang ini dapat terhubung ke mobil pemadam kebakaran, hidran, atau pompa pemadam portabel.
The usual working pressure of a firehose can vary between 8 and 20 bar (800 and 2,000 kPa; 116 and 290 psi) while per the NFPA 1961 Fire Hose Standard, its bursting pressure is in excess of 110 bars (11,000 kPa; 1,600 psi).
Tekanan kerja normal selang pemadam dapat bervariasi antara 8 dan 20 bar (800 dan 2.000 kPa; 116 dan 290 psi), sementara menurut Standar Selang Pemadam NFPA 1961, tekanan pecahnya melebihi 110 bar (11.000 kPa; 1600 psi).
It is necessary to convey water either from an open water supply, or pressurized water supply.
Selang diperlukan untuk mengalirkan air baik dari sumber air terbuka maupun sumber air bertekanan.
On occasions, fire hoses have been used for crowd control (see also water cannon), including by Bull Connor in the Birmingham campaign against protesters during the Civil Rights Movement in 1963.
Pada beberapa kesempatan, selang pemadam digunakan untuk pengendalian kerumunan (lihat juga meriam air), termasuk oleh Bull Connor dalam kampanye Birmingham melawan para demonstran selama Gerakan Hak Sipil pada tahun 1963.
The first modern vending machines were developed in England in the early 1880s and dispensed postcards.
mesin penjual otomatis modern pertama diperkenalkan di London, Inggris pada awal 1880-an, yaitu mesin penjual kartu pos otomatis.
The first vending machine in the U.S. was built in 1888 by the Thomas Adams Gum Company, selling gum on New York City train platforms.
Mesin penjual otomatis pertama di Amerika Serikat dibangun pada tahun 1888 oleh Perusahaan Gum Thomas Adams, dan menjual permen karet di Kota New York.
It is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building.
Biasanya digunakan sebagai ornamen arsitektur ke titik tertinggi bangunan.
Alexander Graham Bell ( ; born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell (lahir Alexander Bell; 3 Maret 1847 – 2 Agustus 1922) adalah seorang ilmuwan, penemu, dan insinyur kelahiran Skotlandia.
He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.
Dia juga mendirikan American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) pada tahun 1885.
The family home was on South Charlotte Street in Edinburgh, where a stone inscription marks it as Bell's birthplace.
Rumah keluarga ini berada di South Charlotte Street, dan memiliki prasasti batu yang menandainya sebagai tempat kelahiran Bell.
He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–1870) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), who both died of tuberculosis.
Dia memiliki dua saudara laki-laki: Melville James Bell (1845–1870) dan Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), keduanya meninggal karena tuberkulosis.
For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who was also a family friend.
Pada ulang tahunnya ke-11, ayahnya menyetujui dan mengizinkannya untuk mengadopsi nama "Graham" dipilih untuk menghormati Alexander Graham, seorang warga Kanada yang dirawat oleh ayahnya yang telah menjadi teman keluarga.
Bell and his siblings attended a Presbyterian Church in their youth.
Bell dan saudara-saudaranya menghadiri Gereja Presbiterian di masa mudanya.
At an early age, he was enrolled at the Royal High School in Edinburgh.
Ketika menginjak usia 16 tahun, ia melanjutkan pendidikannya ke Royal High School dan University of Edinburgh.
CQD (transmitted in Morse code as ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ ) is one of the first distress signals adopted for radio use.
CQD (ditransmisikan dalam kode Morse sebagai ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄) adalah salah satu sinyal marabahaya pertama yang diadopsi untuk penggunaan radio.
On 7 January 1904 the Marconi International Marine Communication Company issued "Circular 57", which specified that, for the company's installations, beginning 1 February 1904 "the call to be given by ships in distress or in any way requiring assistance shall be 'C Q D'".
Pada 7 Januari 1904, Perusahaan Komunikasi Kelautan Internasional Marconi mengeluarkan "Surat Edaran 57", yang menetapkan bahwa, untuk instalasi perusahaan, mulai tanggal 1 Februari 1904 "panggilan yang diberikan oleh kapal-kapal dalam keadaan darurat atau dengan cara apa pun yang memerlukan bantuan adalah 'C Q D' ".