No person, company, organization or government runs the Internet.
Tidak ada satu pun orang, perusahaan, organisasi, atau pemerintah yang mengoperasikan Internet.
It is a globally distributed network comprising many voluntarily interconnected autonomous networks.
Internet adalah jaringan terdistribusi global yang terdiri atas berbagai jaringan otonom yang saling terhubung (interkoneksi) secara sukarela.
They work cooperatively from their respective roles to create shared policies and standards that maintain the Internet's global interoperability for the public good.
Mereka bekerja sama sesuai perannya masing-masing untuk membuat kebijakan dan standar bersama yang mempertahankan interoperabilitas global Internet sebagai barang milik bersama.
However, to help ensure interoperability, several key technical and policy aspects of the underlying core infrastructure and the principal namespaces are administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which is headquartered in Los Angeles, California.
Namun, untuk menjamin interoperabilitas, sejumlah aspek teknis dan kebijakan penting dalam infrastruktur dan ruang nama utamanya diatur oleh Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) yang bermarkas di Los Angeles, California.
ICANN oversees the assignment of globally unique identifiers on the Internet, including domain names, Internet protocol addresses, application port numbers in the transport protocols, and many other parameters.
ICANN mengurus penetapan penanda unik global di Internet seperti nama domain, alamat protokol Internet, nomor port aplikasi dalam protokol pemindahan, dan parameter-parameter lainnya.
This seeks to create a globally unified namespace to ensure the global reach of the Internet.
Tujuannya adalah menciptakan ruang nama terpadu global demi menjamin jangkauan Internet secara global.
ICANN is governed by an international board of directors drawn from across the Internet's technical, business, academic, and other non-commercial communities.
ICANN dipimpin oleh dewan direksi internasional yang anggotanya berasal dari komunitas teknis, bisnis, akademik, dan non-komersial.
Considering that the U.S. Department of Commerce could unilaterally terminate the Affirmation of Commitments with ICANN, the authority of the DNS administration was likewise seen as revocable and derived from a single State, namely the United States.
Karena Departemen Perdagangan A.S. bisa membatalkan Komitmen dengan ICANN secara sepihak, kewenangan pengaturan DNS bisa dicabut dan diserahkan ke satu negara saja, Amerika Serikat.
The technical underpinning and standardization of the Internet's core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.
Dasar teknis dan standardisasi protokol inti Internet (IPv4 dan IPv6) diurus oleh Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), organisasi nirlaba yang para anggotanya memiliki keahlian teknis.
On 23 November 1995, the United Nations-sponsored World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), held in Tunis, established the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) to open an ongoing, non-binding conversation among multiple stakeholders about the future of Internet governance.
Pada tanggal 16 November 2005, World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) di Tunis membentuk Internet Governance Forum (IGF) untuk memulai diskusi bebas yang melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan tentang masa depan tata kelola Internet.
Since WSIS, the term "Internet governance" has been broadened beyond narrow technical concerns to include a wider range of Internet-related policy issues.
Sejak WSIS, istilah "tata kelola Internet" diperluas hingga mencakup berbagai isu kebijakan Internet, bukan isu teknis semata.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): Coordinates the Internet's systems of unique identifiers: IP addresses, Protocol-Parameter registries, top-level domain space (DNS root zone).
ICANN mengurus penetapan penanda unik global di Internet seperti nama domain, alamat protokol Internet, nomor port aplikasi dalam protokol pemindahan, dan parameter-parameter lainnya.
The Global War for Internet Governance, Laura DeNardis, Yale University Press, 2014.
A primer from the Council on Foreign Relations The Global War for Internet Governance, Laura DeNardis, Yale University Press, 2014.
PhD dissertation containing an extensive history of events which sparked the so-called "dns war".
Ph.D. dissertation containing an extensive history of events which sparked the so-called "dns war".
Malte Ziewitz and Christian Pentzold provide in "In search of internet governance: Performing order in digitally networked environments", New Media & Society 16 (2014): pp.
Malte Ziewitz and Christian Pentzold provide in "In search of internet governance: Performing order in digitally networked environments" Diarsipkan 2016-03-23 di Wayback Machine., New Media & Society 16 (2014): pp.
APC Internet Rights Charter, Association for Progressive Communications, November 2006 Electronic Frontier Foundation, website The Future of Global Internet governance Archived 17 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Institute of Informatics and Telematics - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricercha (IIT-CNR), Pisa Global Commission on Internet Governance, website Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GigaNet) ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Governance Forum (IGF) Internet Governance Project Internet Society, website "United States cedes control of the internet - but what now?
APC Internet Rights Charter, Association for Progressive Communications, November 2006 CircleID: Internet Governance Electronic Frontier Foundation, website The Future of Global Internet governance Diarsipkan 2018-12-11 di Wayback Machine., Institute of Informatics and Telematics - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricercha (IIT-CNR), Pisa Global Commission on Internet Governance, website Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GigaNet) ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Governance Forum (IGF) Diarsipkan 2009-06-15 di Wayback Machine.