Vaccination requirements for international travel are the aspect of vaccination policy that concerns the movement of people across borders.
Persyaratan vaksinasi untuk perjalanan internasional adalah aspek kebijakan vaksinasi yang berhubungan dengan pergerakan orang-orang antar batas negara.
Countries around the world require travellers departing to other countries, or arriving from other countries, to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases in order to prevent epidemics.
Negara di seluruh dunia menyaratkan wisatawan yang berangkat ke negara lain atau tiba dari negara lain untuk divaksinasi melawan penyakit infeksius tertentu untuk mencegah epidemi.
At border checks, these travellers are required to show proof of vaccination against specific diseases; the most widely used vaccination record is the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP or Carte Jaune/Yellow Card).
Wisatawan diperiksa di pos lintas batas negara dan diharuskan menunjukkan bukti vaksinasi melawan penyakit spesifik; catatan vaksinasi yang paling sering digunakan adalah Sertifikat Vaksinasi Internasional atau profilaksis (ICVP atau Carte Jaune/Kartu kuning).
The initial certificate was valid for a maximum of three years.
Sertifikat ini awalnya valid hingga maksimum tiga tahun.
Travel agencies mistakenly provided certificates to some unvaccinated customers, and there were some instances of falsified documents.
Agensi perjalanan salah menyediakan sertifikat ke beberapa pelanggan yang tidak divaksinasi dan ada beberapa kejadian dokumen palsu.
However, all experts agree that the mandatory possession of vaccination certificates significantly increased the number of travellers who were vaccinated, and thus contributed to preventing the spread of smallpox, especially when the rapid expansion of air travel in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the travelling time from endemic countries to all other countries to just a few hours.
Walaupun begitu, semua ahli setuju kewajiban memiliki sertifikasi vaksinasi meningkatkan jumlah wisatawan yang telah divaksinasi sehingga berkontribusi mencegah penyebaran variola. terutama ketika periode perkembangan cepat perjalanan udara pada dekade 1960an dan 1970an yang mengurangi waktu perjalanan dari negara endemik ke negara lainnya menjadi beberapa jam.
Travellers who wish to enter certain countries or territories must be vaccinated against yellow fever ten days before crossing the border, and be able to present a vaccination record/certificate at the border checks.
Wisatawan yang ingin masuk ke negara atau wilayah tertentu harus divaksinasi vaksin demam kuning sepuluh hari sebelum melewati batas wilayah dan mampu memberikan sertifikat/catatan vaksinasi di pos batas wilayah negara.
In most cases, this travel requirement depends on whether the country they are travelling from has been designated by the World Health Organization as being a "country with risk of yellow fever transmission".
Pada beberapa kasus, persyaratan perjalanan ini tergantung dari apakah negara asal dari wisatawan ditetapkan sebagai negara dengan risiko penyebaran demam kuning.
In a few countries, it does not matter which country the traveller comes from: everyone who wants to enter these countries must be vaccinated against yellow fever.
Akantetapi, di beberapa negara, tidak masalah asal negara asal wisatawan; Setiap orang yang ingin masuk ke negara ini harus divaksinasi demam kuning.
There are exemptions for newborn children; in most cases, any child who is at least nine months or one year old needs to be vaccinated.
Ada pengecualian kepada anak baru lahir; Dalam beberapa kasus, anak dengan usia minimum 9 bulang atau satu tahun harus divaksinasi.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several COVID-19 vaccines were developed, and in December 2020 the first vaccination campaign was planned.
Selama pandemi COVID-19, beberapa vaksin COVID-19 telah dikembangkan dan pada bulan December 2020, kampanye vaksinasi pertama telah direncanakan.
Anticipating the vaccine, on 23 November 2020, Qantas announced that the company would ask for proof of COVID-19 vaccination from international travellers.
" Menantikan vaksin, pada tanggal 23 November 2020, Qantas mengumumkan bahwa perusahaan tersebut akan meminta bukti vaksinasi COVID-19 dari wisatawan internasional.
According to Alan Joyce, the firm's CEO, a coronavirus vaccine would become a "necessity" when travelling, "We are looking at changing our terms and conditions to say for international travellers, we will ask people to have a vaccination before they can get on the aircraft."
Menurut Alan Joyce, pejabat eksekutif tertinggi (CEO) dari perusahaan ini, vaksin koronavirus akan menjadi sebuah "kebutuhan" ketika melakukan perjalanan.
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison subsequently announced that all international travellers who fly to Australia without proof of a COVID-19 vaccination will be required to quarantine at their own expense.
Perdana menteri Australia, Scott Morrison mengumumkan bahwa semua wisatawan yang terbang ke Australia tanpa bukti vaksinasi COVID-19 akan diminta untuk karantina dengan biaya sendiri.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) announced that it was almost finished with developing a digital health pass which states air passengers' COVID-19 testing and vaccination information to airlines and governments.
Asosiasi Pengangkutan Udara Internasional (IATA) mengumumkan bahwa mereka hampir selesai mengembangkan izin kesehatan digital yang memuat uji positif COVID-19 dan informasi vaksinasi penumpang kepada jasa penerbangan dan pemerintah.
Korean Air and Air New Zealand were seriously considering mandatory vaccination as well, but would negotiate it with their respective governments.
Korean Air dan Air New Zealand serius mempertimbangkan kewajiban vaksinasi, tetapi akan bernegosiasi dengan pemerintah setempat.
KLM CEO Pieter Elbers responded on 24 November that KLM does not yet have any plans for mandatory vaccination on its flights.
CEO dari KLM, Pieter Elbers merespons pada tanggal 24 November bahwa KLM belum memiliki rencana untuk kewajiban vaksinasi untuk penerbangannya.
Brussels Airlines and Lufthansa said they had no plans yet on requiring passengers to present proof of vaccination before boarding, but Brussels Airport CEO Arnaud Feist agreed with Qantas' policy, stating: "Sooner or later, having proof of vaccination or a negative test will become compulsory."
Brussels Airlines dan Lufthansa mengatkan perusahaan mereka belum memiliki rencan mewajibkan penumpang untuk memberikan bukti vaksinasi sebelum pemberangkatan.
Ryanair announced it would not require proof of vaccination for air travel within the EU, EasyJet stated it would not require any proof at all.
Ryanair mengumumkan bahwa mereka tidak membutuhkan bukti vaksinasi untuk perjalanan udara sekitar Uni Eropa.
The Irish Times commented that a vaccination certificate for flying was quite common in countries around the world for other diseases, such as for yellow fever in many African countries.
The Irish Times berkomentar bahwa sertifikat vaksinasi untuk penerbangan cukup biasa di negara di seluruh dunia, seperti demam kuning di banyak Negara Afrika.