Amy Johnson (born 1 July 1903 – disappeared 5 January 1941) was a pioneering English pilot who was the first woman to fly solo from London to Australia.
Amy Johnson (1 Juli 1903 – 5 Januari 1941) adalah seorang pilot perintis dari Inggris yang menjadi perempuan pertama yang terbang sendirian dari London ke Australia.
Flying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, she set many long-distance records during the 1930s.
Terbang sendirian atau bersama suaminya, Jim Mollison, ia memecahkan banyak rekor jarak jauh selama tahun 1930-an.
In 1933, Katharine Hepburn's character in the film Christopher Strong was inspired by Johnson.
Pada tahun 1933, karakter Katharine Hepburn dalam film Christopher Strong terinspirasi dari kisah Johnson.
Born in 1903 in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, Amy Johnson was the daughter of Amy Hodge, granddaughter of William Hodge, a Mayor of Hull, and John William Johnson whose family were fish merchants in the firm of Andrew Johnson, Knudtzon and Company.
Lahir pada tahun 1903 di Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, Amy Johnson adalah putri dari Amy Hodge, cucu dari William Hodge, Wali kota Hull, dan John William Johnson yang keluarganya adalah pedagang ikan di perusahaan Andrew Johnson, Knudtzon and Company.
She was the eldest of three sisters, the next in age being Irene who was a year younger.
Ia merupakan anak sulung dari tiga bersaudara, yang berikutnya umurnya adalah Irene yang setahun lebih muda.
Johnson was educated at Boulevard Municipal Secondary School, later Kingston High School, and the University of Sheffield, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics.
Johnson menempuh pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Kota Boulevard, kemudian Sekolah Menengah Atas Kingston, dan Universitas Sheffield, di sana ia lulus dengan gelar Sarjana Seni di bidang ekonomi.
She then worked in London as secretary to a solicitor, William Charles Crocker.
Ia kemudian bekerja di London sebagai sekretaris seorang pengacara bernama William Charles Crocker.
She was introduced to flying as a hobby, gaining an aviator's certificate, No. 8662, on 28 January 1929, and a pilot's "A" licence, No. 1979, on 6 July 1929, both at the London Aeroplane Club under the tutelage of Captain Valentine Baker.
Amy lalu mengenal hobi membawa pesawat, memperoleh sertifikat penerbang, No. 8662, pada tanggal 28 Januari 1929, dan lisensi pilot "A", No. 1979, pada tanggal 6 Juli 1929, keduanya di London Aeroplane Club di bawah pengawasan Kapten Valentine Baker.
Johnson was a friend and collaborator of Fred Slingsby whose Yorkshire based company, Slingsby Aviation of Kirkbymoorside, North Yorkshire, became the UK's most famous glider manufacturer.
Johnson adalah teman dan kolaborator Fred Slingsby yang perusahaannya berbasis di Yorkshire, Slingsby Aviation di Kirbymoorside, North Yorkshire, menjadi produsen glider paling terkenal di Inggris.
Slingsby helped found Yorkshire Gliding Club at Sutton Bank and during the 1930s she was an early member and trainee.
Slingsby membantu mendirikan Yorkshire Gliding Club di Sutton dan selama tahun 1930-an ia menjadi anggota awal dan peserta pelatihan.
During the Second World War, Johnson's employing company's aircraft were taken over by the Air Ministry in March 1940.
Selama Perang Dunia Kedua, pesawat milik perusahaan tempat Johnson bekerja diambil alih oleh Kementerian Udara Inggris pada bulan Maret 1940.
She received a week's pay and a further four weeks' pay of £40 as a redundancy package.
Ia menerima gaji seminggu dan gaji empat minggu tambahan sebesar £40 sebagai paket pesangon.
Two months later, Johnson joined the newly formed Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), which transported Royal Air Force aircraft around the country.
Dua bulan kemudian, Johnson bergabung dengan tim yang baru dibentuk bernama Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), yang mengangkut pesawat Angkatan Udara Kerajaan ke seluruh negeri.
In a last letter to her friend, Caroline Haslett, on New Year's Day 1941, Johnson wrote: "I hope the gods will watch over you this year, and I wish you the best of luck (the only useful thing not yet taxed!)".
Dalam surat terakhirnya kepada temannya, Caroline Haslett, pada Hari Tahun Baru 1941, Johnson menulis: "Aku berharap Tuhan akan menjagamu tahun ini, dan aku berharap kau beruntung (satu-satunya hal berguna yang belum dikenakan pajak)!)
On 5 January 1941, while flying an Airspeed Oxford for the ATA from Prestwick via RAF Squires Gate to RAF Kidlington near Oxford, it is suggested that Johnson ran out of fuel in adverse weather conditions.
Pada tanggal 5 Januari 1941, saat menerbangkan Airspeed Oxford untuk ATA dari Prestwick melalui RAF Squires Gate ke RAF Kidlington dekat Oxford, diduga Johnson kehabisan bahan bakar karena kondisi cuaca buruk.
Five hours after her departure, a convoy of wartime vessels in the Thames Estuary spotted a parachute coming down and saw a person alive in the water calling for help, witnesses describing the voice as female.
5 jam setelah keberangkatannya, konvoi kapal perang di Muara Thames melihat parasut turun dan melihat seseorang hidup di dalam air sambil meminta bantuan, saksi mata menggambarkan suara itu sebagai suara perempuan.
Lt Cmdr Walter Fletcher, the Captain of HMS Haslemere, navigated his ship to attempt a rescue.
Letnan Komandan Walter Fletcher, Kapten HMS Haslemere, menavigasi kapalnya untuk mencoba melakukan penyelamatan.
The crew of the vessel threw ropes out to the person but they were unable to reach them and they were lost under the ship.
Para awak kapal melemparkan tali tetapi mereka tidak berhasil untuk mencapai mereka dan ia hilang di bawah kapal.
A number of witnesses believed there was a second body in the water.
Sejumlah saksi meyakini ada mayat kedua di dalam air.
A memorial service was held for Johnson in the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields on 14 January 1941.
Sebuah upacara peringatan diadakan untuk Johnson di gereja St Martin-in-the-Fields pada tanggal 14 Januari 1941.
Lt Cmdr Walter Fletcher was posthumously awarded the Albert Medal in May 1941.
Letnan Komandan Walter Fletcher dianugerahi Medali Albert secara anumerta pada bulan Mei 1941.
Tom Mitchell, from Crowborough, Sussex, claimed to have shot Johnson's aircraft down when she twice failed to give the correct identification code during the flight.
Tom Mitchell, dari Crowborough, Sussex, mengaku telah menembak jatuh pesawat Johnson ketika ia dua kali gagal memberikan kode identifikasi yang benar selama penerbangan.
Mitchell explained how the aircraft was sighted and contacted by radio.
Mitchell menjelaskan bagaimana pesawat Johnson terlihat dan dihubungi melalui radio.
The officers told us never to tell anyone what happened.
Para petugas mengatakan kepada kami untuk tidak pernah memberi tahu siapa pun tentang apa yang terjadi."
" In 2016, Alec Gill, a historian, claimed that the son of a ship's crew member stated that Johnson had died because she was sucked into the blades of the ship's propellers.
Pada tahun 2016, Alec Gill, seorang sejarawan, mengklaim bahwa putra seorang anggota awak kapal menyatakan bahwa Johnson meninggal karena dia tersedot ke bilah baling-baling kapal.
As a member of the ATA with no known grave and her body never recovered, Johnson is commemorated, under the name of Amy V. Johnson, by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission on the Air Forces Memorial at Runnymede.
Sebagai anggota ATA yang tidak diketahui makamnya, jasadnya tidak pernah ditemukan, Johnson diperingati, dengan nama Amy V. Johnson, oleh Komisi Makam Perang Persemakmuran di Tugu Angkatan Udara di Runnymede.