Thomas Hobbes ( HOBZ; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher and political theorist, best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, in which he expounds an influential formulation of social contract theory.
Hobbes terkenal karena bukunya tahun 1651 yang berjudul Leviathan, yang di dalamnya ia menguraikan bentuk teori kontrak sosial yang berpengaruh.
He is considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
Ia dianggap sebagai salah satu pendiri filsafat politik modern.
Hobbes contributed to a diverse array of fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, optics, theology, classical translations, ethics, as well as philosophy in general, marking him as a polymath.
Selain filsafat politik, Hobbes berkontribusi pada bidang-bidang ilmu pengetahuan lain yang beragam, antara lain sejarah, teori hukum, geometri, teologi, etika, dan filsafat secara umum.
Thomas Hobbes was born on 5 April 1588 (Old Style), in Westport, now part of Malmesbury in Wiltshire, England.
Thomas Hobbes lahir pada tanggal 5 April 1588 di Westport, sekarang merupakan bagian dari Malmesbury di Wiltshire, Inggris.
Hobbes had a brother, Edmund, about two years older, as well as a sister, Anne.
Hobbes memiliki seorang saudara laki-laki, Edmund, sekitar dua tahun lebih tua, serta seorang saudara perempuan, Anne.
Although Thomas Hobbes's childhood is unknown to a large extent, as is his mother's name, it is known that Hobbes's father, Thomas Sr., was the vicar of both Charlton and Westport.
Meskipun masa kecil Thomas Hobbes sebagian besar tidak diketahui, seperti halnya nama ibunya, diketahui bahwa ayah Hobbes, Thomas Sr., adalah seorang pendeta dari Charlton dan Westport.
Hobbes's father was uneducated, according to John Aubrey, Hobbes's biographer, and he "disesteemed learning."
Menurut John Aubrey, penulis biografi Hobbes, ayah Hobbes tidak berpendidikan, dan dia "memandang rendah pendidikan".
Thomas Sr. was involved in a fight with the local clergy outside his church, forcing him to leave London.
Thomas Sr. kerap terlibat perkelahian dengan pendeta lokal di luar gerejanya yang memaksanya meninggalkan London.
Hobbes was a good pupil, and between 1601 and 1602 he went to Magdalen Hall, the predecessor to Hertford College, Oxford, where he was taught scholastic logic and mathematics.
Hobbes adalah murid yang baik, dan antara 1601 dan 1602 dia pergi ke Magdalen Hall, pendahulu Hertford College, Oxford, tempat dia diajari logika skolastik dan matematika.
The principal, John Wilkinson, was a Puritan and had some influence on Hobbes.
Kepala sekolahnya, John Wilkinson, adalah seorang Puritan dan memiliki pengaruh pada Hobbes.
Before going up to Oxford, Hobbes translated Euripides' Medea from Greek into Latin verse.
Sebelum melanjutkan studi ke Oxford, Hobbes menerjemahkan Medea karya Euripides dari bahasa Yunani ke dalam syair Latin.
At university, Thomas Hobbes appears to have followed his own curriculum as he was little attracted by the scholastic learning.
Di universitas, Thomas Hobbes cenderung lebih mengikuti kurikulum yang dia susun sendiri karena dia kurang tertarik dengan pembelajaran skolastik.
Leaving Oxford, Hobbes completed his B.A. degree by incorporation at St John's College, Cambridge, in 1608.
Setelah meninggalkan Oxford, Hobbes menyelesaikan gelar BAnya di St John's College, Cambridge pada 1608.
He was recommended by Sir James Hussey, his master at Magdalen, as tutor to William, the son of William Cavendish, Baron of Hardwick (and later Earl of Devonshire), and began a lifelong connection with that family.
Dia direkomendasikan oleh Sir James Hussey, kepala kolesenya di Magdalen untuk menjadi tutor William, putra William Cavendish, Baron dari Hardwick (dan kemudian Earl of Devonshire), dan memulai hubungan seumur hidup dengan keluarga itu.
As perhaps the first clear exposition of the psychological doctrine of determinism, Hobbes's own two pieces were important in the history of the free will controversy.
Hobbes juga merupakan salah seorang filsuf, jika bukan yang pertama, yang amat berpengaruh dalam perdebatan antara kehendak bebas dan determinisme.
Philosophicall Rudiments concerning Government and Society – English translation of De Cive 1651.
Philosophicall Rudiments concerning Government and Society 1651.
Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil 1654.
Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil. 1656.
De Corpore (in Latin) 1656.
De Corpore (Latin) 1656.
Leviathan – Latin translation 1668.
Terjemahan Bahasa Latin Leviathan 1675.
English translation of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey 1674.
Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris Iliad dan Odyssey karya Homer 1681.
"Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1676)".
Thomas Hobbes ( 5/15 April 1588 – 4/14 Desember 1679)
Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679).
Thomas Hobbes ( 5/15 April 1588 – 4/14 Desember 1679)