Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and physicist.
Sally Kristen Ride (26 Mei 1951 – 23 Juli 2012) ialah astrofisikawati dan astronaut Amerika Serikat, lahir di Encino, California.
Born in Los Angeles, she joined NASA in 1978, and in 1983 became the first American woman and the third woman to fly in space, after cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova in 1963 and Svetlana Savitskaya in 1982.
Pada 1983 ia menjadi wanita pertama di Amerika Serikat yang berada di angkasa dan wanita ketiga yang terbang ke luar angkasa, setelah kosmonot Valentina Tereshkova pada tahun 1963 dan Svetlana Savitskaya pada tahun 1982.
Ride was a graduate of Stanford University, where she earned a Bachelor of Science degree in physics and a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1973, a Master of Science degree in 1975, and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1978 (both in physics) for research on the interaction of X-rays with the interstellar medium.
Ride merupakan seorang lulusan Universitas Stanford, di mana ia memperoleh gelar Bachelor of Science di bidang fisika dan gelar Bachelor of Arts di bidang sastra Inggris pada tahun 1973, gelar Master of Science di bidang fisika pada tahun 1975, dan Doctor of Philosophy di bidang fisika pada tahun 1978 untuk penelitian tentang interaksi sinar-X dengan medium antarbintang.
She was selected as a mission specialist astronaut with NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first class of NASA astronauts to include women.
Dia terpilih sebagai astronot spesialis misi dengan Astronaut NASA Group 8, kelas pertama astronot NASA yang menyertakan wanita.
After completing her training in 1979, she served as the ground-based capsule communicator (CapCom) for the second and third Space Shuttle flights, and helped develop the Space Shuttle's robotic arm.
Setelah menyelesaikan pelatihannya pada tahun 1979, dia menjabat sebagai komunikator kapsul berbasis darat (CapCom) untuk penerbangan Space Shuttle kedua dan ketiga, dan membantu mengembangkan lengan robotik Space Shuttle.
In June 1983, she flew in space on the Space Shuttle Challenger on the STS-7 mission.
Pada Juni 1983, dia terbang ke luar angkasa dengan Space Shuttle Challenger dalam misi STS-7.
The mission deployed two communications satellites and the first Shuttle pallet satellite (SPAS-1).
Misi tersebut mengerahkan dua satelit komunikasi dan satelit palet Shuttle pertama (SPAS-1).
Ride operated the robotic arm to deploy and retrieve SPAS-1.
Ride mengoperasikan lengan robot untuk menyebarkan dan mengambil SPAS-1.
Her second space flight was the STS-41-G mission in 1984, also on board Challenger.
Penerbangan luar angkasa keduanya adalah misi STS-41-G pada tahun 1984, juga dengan Challenger.
She spent a total of more than 343 hours in space.
Dia menghabiskan total lebih dari 343 jam di luar angkasa.
She left NASA in 1987.
Dia meninggalkan NASA pada tahun 1987.
Ride worked for two years at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control, then at the University of California, San Diego, primarily researching nonlinear optics and Thomson scattering.
Ride bekerja selama dua tahun di Pusat Keamanan Internasional dan Kontrol Senjata Universitas Stanford, kemudian di Universitas California, San Diego, terutama meneliti optik nonlinier dan hamburan Thomson.
Having been married to astronaut Steven Hawley during her spaceflight years and in a private, long-term relationship with former Women's Tennis Association player Tam O'Shaughnessy, she is the first astronaut known to have been LGBTQ, a fact that she hid until her death, when her obituary identified O'Shaughnessy as her partner of 27 years.
Ia menikah dengan astronot Steven Hawley selama tahun-tahun penerbangan luar angkasanya dan memiliki hubungan pribadi dengan mantan pemain Asosiasi Tenis Wanita Tam O'Shaughnessy, dia adalah astronot pertama yang diketahui sebagai LGBT.
She died of pancreatic cancer in 2012.
Dia meninggal karena kanker pankreas pada 23 Juli 2012.
Both parents were elders in the Presbyterian Church.
Kedua orang tuanya adalah pengetua di Gereja Presbiterian.
Her mother, who was of Norwegian descent, had worked as a volunteer counselor at a women's correctional facility.
Ibunya, yang keturunan Norwegia, pernah bekerja sebagai konselor sukarela di lembaga pemasyarakatan wanita.
Her father served with the U.S. Army in Europe with the 103rd Infantry Division during World War II.
Ayahnya bertugas di Angkatan Darat AS di Eropa dengan Divisi Infanteri ke-103 selama Perang Dunia II.
After the war he went to Haverford College on the G.I. Bill, earned a master's degree in education at the University of California, Los Angeles, and became a political science professor at Santa Monica College.
Setelah masa perang, dia belajar di Haverford College di G.I. Bill, memperoleh gelar master dalam bidang pendidikan di Universitas California, Los Angeles, dan menjadi profesor ilmu politik di Santa Monica College.
Ride grew up in the Van Nuys and Encino neighborhoods of Los Angeles.
Ride dibesarkan di lingkungan Van Nuys dan Encino di Los Angeles.
In 1960, when she was nine years old, the family spent a year traveling in Europe.
Pada tahun 1960, ketika dia berusia sembilan tahun, keluarganya menghabiskan satu tahun berkeliling Eropa.
In Spain, Ride played tennis for the first time.
Di Spanyol, Ride bermain tenis untuk pertama kalinya.
She enjoyed sports, tennis most of all, and at age 10 was coached by Alice Marble, a former world number one player.
Dia menyukai olahraga, terutama tenis, dan pada usia 10 tahun dilatih oleh Alice Marble, mantan pemain nomor satu dunia.
By 1963 Ride was ranked number 20 in Southern California for girls aged 12 and under.
Pada tahun 1963 Ride menduduki peringkat 20 di California Selatan untuk anak perempuan berusia 12 tahun ke bawah.
She attended Encino Elementary School, Portola Junior High (now Portola Middle School), Birmingham High School and then, as a sophomore on a tennis scholarship, Westlake School for Girls, an exclusive all-girls private school in Los Angeles.
Ia bersekolah di Encino Elementary School, Portola Junior High (sekarang Portola Middle School), Birmingham High School dan kemudian, sebagai mahasiswa tingkat dua di tenis beasiswa, Westlake School for Girls, sekolah swasta eksklusif khusus perempuan di Los Angeles.
Elizabeth Mommaerts, who taught human physiology, became a mentor.
Elizabeth Mommaerts, yang mengajar fisiologi manusia, menjadi mentornya.
Ride resolved to become an astrophysicist.
Ride memutuskan untuk menjadi ahli astrofisika.
She graduated in June 1968, and then took a class in advanced math at Santa Monica College during the summer break.
Dia lulus pada bulan Juni 1968, dan kemudian mengambil kelas matematika lanjutan di Santa Monica College selama liburan musim panas.
Her friend Sue Okie was interested in going to Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, so Ride applied too.
Temannya, Sue Okie, tertarik untuk kuliah di Swarthmore College di Pennsylvania, jadi Ride juga melamar.
She was interviewed by Fred Hargadon, the dean of admissions, who was impressed by both her mental and her tennis ability.
Dia diwawancarai oleh Fred Hargadon, dekan penerimaan, yang terkesan dengan mental dan kemampuan tenisnya.
She was admitted on a full scholarship.
Dia diterima dengan beasiswa penuh.
She commenced classes at Swarthmore on September 18, 1968.
Dia memulai kelas di Swarthmore pada 18 September 1968.
She won all six of her intercollegiate tennis matches, and became the Eastern Intercollegiate Women's Singles champion.
Dia memenangkan keenam pertandingan tenis antar perguruan tinggi dan menjadi juara Tunggal Putri Antar Perguruan Tinggi Timur.
After three semesters at Swarthmore, she returned to California in January 1970, with the aim of becoming a professional tennis player.
Setelah tiga semester di Swarthmore, dia kembali ke California pada Januari 1970 dengan tujuan menjadi pemain tenis profesional.
Ride entered the University of California, Los Angeles, where she enrolled in courses in Shakespeare and quantum mechanics, earning A's in both subjects.
Ride masuk Universitas California, Los Angeles, di mana dia mendaftar di kursus Shakespeare dan mekanika kuantum, mendapatkan nilai A di kedua mata pelajaran tersebut.
She was the only woman majoring in physics.
Dia menjadi satu-satunya wanita jurusan fisika.
She was romantically involved with the teaching assistant, John Tompkins, but the relationship ended in September when he went to Moscow to conduct research at the Institute for High Energy Physics.
Dia terlibat kisah asmara dengan asisten pengajar, John Tompkins, tetapi hubungan tersebut berakhir pada bulan September ketika dia pergi ke Moskow untuk melakukan penelitian di Institut Fisika Energi Tinggi.
Her foray into professional tennis was unsuccessful; after playing three matches in a single August morning her whole body ached the following day.
Keinginan untuk terjun ke tenis profesional gagal; ketika selesai memainkan tiga pertandingan dalam suatu pagi di bulan Agustus, seluruh tubuhnya terasa sakit keesokan harinya.
She realized that far more effort would be necessary in order to reach the required level of fitness: she needed to practice for eight hours a day.
Dia menyadari bahwa butuh upaya lebih besar untuk memperoleh kebugaran yang dibutuhkan, sehingga dia berlatih selama delapan jam sehari.
Ride applied for a transfer to Stanford University as a junior.
Ride melamar transfer ke Universitas Stanford sebagai junior.
She graduated in 1973 with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics and a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature.
Ia lulus pada tahun 1973 dengan gelar Bachelor of Science di bidang fisika dan Bachelor of Arts di bidang sastra Inggris.
She then earned a Master of Science degree in physics in 1975 and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1978.
Ia kemudian meraih gelar Master of Science di bidang fisika pada tahun 1975 dan Doctor of Philosophy pada tahun 1978.
Astrophysics and free-electron lasers were her areas of study.
Astrofisika dan laser elektron bebas merupakan bidang studinya.
The two had met on the tennis circuit as junior tennis players.
Keduanya pernah bertemu di sirkuit tenis sebagai petenis junior.
Although Ride was rated number one at Stanford and Tyson was number six, the two played doubles together.
Meskipun Ride mendapat peringkat nomor satu di Stanford dan Tyson di nomor enam, keduanya bermain ganda bersama.
Ride later quit the Stanford tennis team in protest against the university's refusal to join the Pac-8 Conference in women's tennis.
Ride kemudian keluar dari tim tenis Stanford sebagai protes terhadap penolakan universitas untuk bergabung dengan Konferensi Pac-8 dalam tenis wanita.
To earn money Ride and her then-girlfriend Tyson gave tennis lessons, and in 1971 and 1972 they were counselors at Dennis Van der Meer's TennisAmerica summer camp at Lake Tahoe, Nevada.
Untuk mendapatkan uang, mereka mengajar pelajaran tenis, dan pada tahun 1971 dan 1972 mereka menjadi konselor di perkemahan musim panas TennisAmerica milik Dennis Van der Meer di Danau Tahoe, Nevada.
In August 1972, Ride played in a doubles match with Van der Meer against Billie Jean King, the world number 1 ranked female tennis player, and Dick Peters, the camp director; Martin Luther King III and Dexter King served as ball boys.
Pada Agustus 1972, Ride bermain dalam pertandingan ganda dengan Van der Meer melawan Billie Jean King, petenis wanita peringkat 1 dunia, dan Dick Peters, direktur kamp; Martin Luther King III dan Dexter King berperan sebagai ball boy.
Billie Jean King became a mentor and a friend.
Billie Jean King menjadi mentor dan temannya.
Ride watched her win the Battle of the Sexes match against Bobby Riggs in 1973.
Ride menyaksikannya memenangkan pertandingan Battle of the Sexes melawan Bobby Riggs pada tahun 1973.
Tyson ended their relationship in 1975, and Ride moved in with Bill Colson, a fellow graduate physics student who was recently divorced.
Tyson mengakhiri hubungan mereka pada tahun 1975, dan Ride pindah dengan Bill Colson, sesama mahasiswa pascasarjana fisika yang baru saja bercerai.
In January 1977, Ride spotted an article on the front page of The Stanford Daily that told how the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was recruiting a new group of astronauts for the Space Shuttle program and wanted to recruit women.
Pada Januari 1977, Sally Ride menemukan artikel di The Stanford Daily yang mengumumkan bahwa NASA sedang mencari astronot untuk program Space Shuttle, termasuk wanita.
On January 16, 1978, she received a phone call from George Abbey, NASA's director of flight operations, who informed her that she had been selected as part of NASA Astronaut Group 8.
Setelah menulis esai tentang alasan ingin menjadi astronot dan menjalani wawancara akhir, pada 16 Januari 1978, ia menerima telepon dari George Abbey, direktur operasi penerbangan NASA, yang mengabarkan bahwa ia terpilih sebagai bagian dari NASA Astronaut Group 8.
Ride was graded a civil service GS-12, with a salary of US$21,883 (equivalent to $108,019 in 2025).
Ride mulai menjalani pelatihan dengan status pegawai sipil GS-12 dengan gaji sebesar $21.883 per tahun (setara dengan $105.496 pada 2024).
She bought a housing unit in the Nassau Bay, Texas, area, and moved in with Colson, who secured a research grant at Rice University so they could move to Houston together.
Ia pindah ke Nassau Bay, Texas, bersama pasangannya, Colson, yang kemudian mendapatkan beasiswa penelitian di Rice University.
On August 31, 1979, NASA announced that the 35 astronaut candidates had completed their training and evaluation, and were now officially astronauts, qualified for selection on space flight crews.
Pada 31 Agustus 1979, NASA mengumumkan bahwa ke-35 kandidat telah menyelesaikan pelatihan dan resmi menjadi astronot yang siap ditugaskan dalam misi luar angkasa.
Ride served as a ground-based capsule communicator (CapCom) for the second and third Space Shuttle flights, and helped develop the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS), also known as the "Canadarm" or robot arm.
Ride bertugas sebagai Capsule Communicator (CapCom) untuk dua penerbangan awal Space Shuttle dan membantu mengembangkan Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS) atau "Canadarm".
As the first American woman to fly in space, Ride was subjected to media attention.
Sebagai wanita Amerika pertama di luar angkasa, Ride mendapat sorotan media yang luar biasa.
When the Space Shuttle Challenger lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on June 18, 1983, Ride became the first American woman to fly in space, and the third woman overall.
Pada 18 Juni 1983, Space Shuttle Challenger meluncur dari Kennedy Space Center, menjadikan Ride sebagai wanita Amerika pertama dan orang termuda yang terbang ke luar angkasa.
The purpose of the mission was to deploy two communications satellites: Anik C2 for Telesat of Canada and Palapa B1 for Indonesia.
Misinya melibatkan pelepasan dua satelit komunikasi: Anik C2 untuk Kanada dan Palapa B1 untuk Indonesia.
STS-7 was also the first occasion on which the Space Shuttle in orbit was photographed, using the camera on SPAS-1.
Selama penerbangan, foto pertama Space Shuttle di orbit diambil menggunakan kamera pada SPAS-1.
Ride manipulated the robot arm into the shape of a "7", as it appeared on the mission patch.
Ride juga membentuk lengan robot dalam posisi angka "7", mencerminkan nomor misinya.
The mission lasted 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes and 59 seconds.
Misi STS-7 berlangsung selama 6 hari, 2 jam, 23 menit, dan 59 detik.
In September 1983, on her own initiative, she met with Svetlana Savitskaya, the second woman to fly in space, in Budapest.
Pada September 1983, Ride bertemu dengan kosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya di Budapest, yang menjadi wanita kedua di luar angkasa.
The two formed an instant camaraderie, and were able to converse for six hours thanks to Savitskaya's command of English.
Mereka segera menjalin persahabatan dan berbicara selama enam jam berkat kemampuan bahasa Inggris Savitskaya.
In May 1987, Ride announced that she was leaving NASA to take up a two-year fellowship at the Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control (CISAC), commencing on August 15, 1987.
Pada Mei 1987, Sally Ride mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya dari NASA untuk mengambil beasiswa selama dua tahun di Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control (CISAC), yang dimulai pada 15 Agustus 1987.
On July 1, 1989, Ride became a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and director of the California Space Institute (Cal Space), part of the university's Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Pada 1 Juli 1989, Ride menjadi profesor fisika di University of California, San Diego (UCSD) dan direktur California Space Institute (Cal Space), bagian dari Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
She turned down offers from President Bill Clinton to become NASA Administrator, not wanting to leave California, but agreed to serve on the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).
Ia menolak tawaran dari Presiden Bill Clinton untuk menjadi Administrator NASA, karena tidak ingin meninggalkan California, tetapi tetap berkontribusi sebagai anggota Presiden’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), terutama dalam menilai risiko pencurian bahan fisil di Rusia.
From September 1999 to July 2000, Ride was the president of the space news website, Space.com, a company that aggregated news about science and space on its website.
Dari September 1999 hingga Juli 2000, Ride menjadi presiden Space.com, sebuah situs berita tentang sains dan luar angkasa.
Ride and O'Shaughnessy co-wrote six books on space aimed at children, with the goal of encouraging children to study science.
Ride dan O'Shaughnessy juga menulis enam buku tentang luar angkasa untuk anak-anak guna mendorong minat mereka terhadap sains.
In 2003, Ride served on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board, and was the only person to serve on both the panel that investigated the Challenger disaster and the one that investigated the Columbia disaster.
Pada 2003, Ride menjadi anggota Columbia Accident Investigation Board dan merupakan satu-satunya orang yang pernah menyelidiki kecelakaan Challenger dan Columbia.
Ride's obituary publicly revealed for the first time that O'Shaughnessy had been her partner for 27 years, making her the first known LGBT astronaut.
Obituarinya mengungkapkan untuk pertama kalinya bahwa O'Shaughnessy telah menjadi pasangannya selama 27 tahun, menjadikan Ride sebagai astronaut LGBT pertama yang diketahui publik.
She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the Astronaut Hall of Fame and was awarded the NASA Space Flight Medal twice.
Ia juga dua kali dianugerahi NASA Space Flight Medal dan diabadikan di National Women's Hall of Fame serta Astronaut Hall of Fame.
Elementary schools in the United States were named after her, including Sally Ride Elementary School in The Woodlands, Texas, and Sally Ride Elementary School in Germantown, Maryland.
Beberapa sekolah dasar di AS, seperti Sally Ride Elementary School di Texas dan Maryland, dinamai untuk menghormatinya.