DO NOT BUY.  This chair fell short on many levels.  The "massage" is a joke, and once you activate it once the raised mechanism stay raised even if you don't want to use it - so very uncomfortable.  The recliner is clunky and extremely hard to close once opened, I have to get up out of the chair and use my whole body to collapse it.  It's heavy and a chore to move around.  I wouldn't recommend this chair and it's impossible to ship it back without it being a complete inconvenience.