I have to admit I was a little leary about this bed frame I was thinking it would take a lot of work to put together.....WRONG I was it went together in minutes with the help of my son.  No tools were needed at all.  I think the newer frames are not made as the older ones were with the wing nuts you had to tighten it went together Like I said in minutes with no tools and its truly a HEAVY DUTY bed frame.  You won't be sorry with this one.