This is a very well engineered, thought out item. There is no waste in assembling this pergola. The packaging is such that items are snug as a bug on a rug. Assembly instructions are clear and concise, and available with the items as well as via a 3D app. You may download a pdf version, too. Four 100+ lb boxes is thoughtful, as it is manageable for most tandem sets of DIYers to handle. Parts are individually placed in bags. Two tightening tools is all that is needed. A rubber mallet was the only additional piece of equipment other than a ladder that was needed. It was a low-stress one day, 10-hr project.