Icannos/chess_studies huggingface dataset:
[Event "Alushta"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1999.03.08"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Atalik, S."]
[Black "Nosenko, A."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "Suat Atalik for Chess Sector"]
[BlackElo "2433"]
[ECO "E15"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "37"]
[WhiteElo "2593"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. g3 Ba6 5. b3 d5 6. cxd5 exd5 7. Bg2 Bb4+ 8. Bd2 Bd6 9. Nc3 O-O 10. O-O Nbd7 11. Rc1 Re8 12. Re1 ( 12. Bf4 $5 Qe7 $1 ) 12... c5 13. Bf4 $5 ( 13. Be3 $1 Bb7 14. Nh4 $14 ) 13... Bf8 14. Ne5 $6 ( 14. dxc5 Nxc5 15. Be5 Nce4 16. Bxf6 Nxf6 17. Nd4 $14 ) 14... Bb7 15. e3 h6 $1 { xBf4 } 16. g4 ( 16. h4 Nxe5 17. Bxe5 Ne4 $36 ) 16... Rc8 17. h3 Nxe5 18. Bxe5 ( 18. dxe5 $5 Ne4 19. Re2 ( 19. Nxe4 $6 dxe4 20. Qc2 Qd5 $1 ) 19... Nxc3 $1 ( 19... g5 $6 20. Nxe4 dxe4 21. Rd2 Qe7 22. Rd7 Rcd8 23. Rxe7 Rxd1+ 24. Rxd1 Rxe7 25. Bg3 Bg7 26. Bf1 $44 ) ( 19... Ba6 $6 20. Rec2 ) 20. Rxc3 d4 21. exd4 Bxg2 22. Kxg2 Qd5+ 23. f3 cxd4 24. Rd3 Bc5 $11 ) 18... Ne4 19. Nxe4 ( 19. Nxe4 dxe4 20. Bg3 Qf6 ( 20... b5 $5 21. dxc5 Bxc5 22. Qxd8 Rexd8 23. Red1 Rxd1+ 24. Rxd1 Bb6 $11 ) 21. Re2 Ba6 22. Rd2 Bd3 23. Bf1 cxd4 24. Rxc8 Rxc8 25. Bxd3 exd3 ( 25... dxe3 $4 26. Ba6 $1 $18 ) 26. Rxd3 $1 ( 26. exd4 Ba3 $3 { Zhubov } 27. Be5 ( 27. Kg2 $4 Rc1 28. Qf3 Rg1+ $19 ) 27... Qg5 28. f4 Qh4 29. Kg2 Rc1 $1 { Alexandrova,O } ( 29... Bb4 30. Rxd3 f6 31. d5 fxe5 32. fxe5 $132 ) ( 29... f6 $5 30. b4 fxe5 $1 31. Qb3+ Kh8 32. Qxa3 e4 $19 ) 30. Qf3 Qe1 31. Qxd3 Qg1+ 32. Kf3 Rf1+ 33. Ke4 Qh1+ 34. Kf5 g6+ 35. Kf6 Qc6+ ) 26... Ba3 27. Qe2 dxe3 28. Rxe3 $11 ) 1/2-1/2
[Event "Alushta"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1999.03.10"]
[Round "8"]
[White "Atalik, S."]
[Black "Salinnikov, D."]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "S.Atalik,O. Alexandrova for Chess Sector"]
[BlackElo "2484"]
[ECO "E99"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "67"]
[WhiteElo "2593"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Be2 e5 7. O-O Nc6 8. d5 Ne7 9. Ne1 Nd7 10. Be3 f5 11. f3 f4 12. Bf2 g5 13. Rc1 a5 $5 $146 14. Nd3 ( 14. a3 $5 Ng6 15. b4 b6 16. c5 $1 ( 16. Na4 axb4 17. axb4 Nf6 18. c5 Bd7 $5 $13 ) 16... axb4 ( 16... bxc5 17. bxc5 Nxc5 18. Bxc5 dxc5 19. Na4 ) 17. axb4 bxc5 18. bxc5 Nxc5 19. Bxc5 dxc5 20. Na4 $14 ) 14... b6 15. a3 Ng6 16. b4 Nf6 17. c5 bxc5 $1 18. bxc5 Rf7 19. cxd6 $1 ( 19. Na4 Bf8 20. cxd6 Bxd6 21. Nac5 Nf8 $13 ) 19... cxd6 20. Kh1 $5 ( 20. Na4 $6 g4 21. Nb6 g3 22. hxg3 fxg3 23. Nxa8 gxf2+ 24. Nxf2 Bb7 $17 ) ( 20. Nb2 h5 ) 20... Bf8 $6 ( 20... h5 $1 21. g3 $1 ( 21. Na4 $2 Rb7 ( 21... g4 $2 22. Nb6 g3 23. Nxa8 $18 ) 22. Ndb2 g4 23. g3 $5 ( 23. Nc4 g3 24. Bg1 ( 24. Ncb6 gxf2 ( 24... h4 $5 ) 25. Nxa8 Bd7 $17 ) 24... h4 25. Nab6 h3 $1 $19 ) ) 21... fxg3 22. Bxg3 Nf4 23. Bxf4 $5 ( 23. Nxf4 exf4 24. Bf2 Nd7 ( 24... g4 25. Bh4 ) 25. Rg1 Ne5 26. Bd4 $13 g4 $2 27. Bxe5 Bxe5 28. fxg4 f3 29. gxh5+ Kh7 30. Bxf3 Qh4 31. Rc2 Qf6 32. Na4 $1 Bd4 33. Rf1 Ba6 34. e5 Qf5 35. e6 Rg7 36. Qxd4 Bxf1 37. Be4 $18 ) 23... exf4 ( 23... gxf4 24. Rg1 Kh7 25. Nb5 Bf8 26. Qc2 Ne8 27. Nxe5 $1 dxe5 28. Qc6 $18 ) 24. e5 dxe5 25. Nxe5 $40 ) 21. Na4 ( 21. g3 $5 ) 21... Rb7 22. Qc2 $2 ( 22. Rb1 $1 Rab8 23. Rxb7 Rxb7 24. Ndb2 Bd7 ( 24... g4 $2 25. Ba6 ) 25. Ba6 ( 25. Nc4 g4 26. Ncb6 g3 27. Nxd7 Qxd7 28. Bg1 $14 ) 25... Rb8 26. Ba7 Ra8 27. Bb6 Qe7 28. Qd3 g4 29. Bb7 Rb8 30. Bc6 $16 ) 22... Bd7 $1 ( 22... g4 $6 23. Rb1 ( 23. Qc6 Ne7 24. Qc2 $13 ) 23... g3 24. Rxb7 ( 24. hxg3 $2 Nh5 25. gxf4 exf4 $19 ) 24... Bxb7 25. Rb1 Bc8 26. Bg1 $16 ) 23. Ndb2 g4 24. fxg4 Nxg4 25. Nc4 Rc8 $1 ( 25... Nxf2+ 26. Rxf2 Rc8 27. Nab2 $11 ) 26. Bxg4 Bxg4 27. Nab6 f3 $4 ( 27... Rcc7 28. h3 Bh5 29. Qd3 Rg7 30. Rb1 Rbf7 $17 ) 28. Be3 $1 Rcb8 29. gxf3 Bh3 30. Rg1 Qh4 $2 ( 30... Rxb6 31. Nxb6 Rxb6 32. Rg3 Bd7 33. Bxb6 Qxb6 34. Qc7 Qb5 $8 35. a4 ( 35. Qd8 Kf7 ) ( 35. Rcg1 Kf7 36. Rg5 $13 ) 35... Qxa4 36. Qd8 Kf7 37. Rc7 Qd1+ 38. Rg1 Qxf3+ 39. Rg2 $11 ) 31. Qf2 Qxf2 32. Bxf2 Rg7 33. Rg3 Nf4 34. Rcg1 ( 34. Rcg1 Nd3 35. Be3 $18 ) 1-0
[Event "Alushta"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1999.03.11"]
[Round "9"]
[White "Malakhatko, V."]
[Black "Atalik, S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "Suat Atalik for Chess Sector"]
[BlackElo "2593"]
[ECO "D43"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "29"]
[WhiteElo "2496"]

1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bh4 dxc4 7. e4 g5 8. Bg3 b5 9. Be2 Nbd7 10. e5 Nd5 11. h4 g4 12. Nd2 h5 13. Nde4 Bb7 14. O-O Qb6 15. a4 { Here white has offered a draw which was accepted. } ( 15. a4 a6 $13 ) 1/2-1/2
[Event "Alushta"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1999.03.12"]
[Round "10"]
[White "Miles, A."]
[Black "Atalik, S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "Suat Atalik for Chess Sector"]
[BlackElo "2593"]
[ECO "B76"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "18"]
[WhiteElo "2609"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7. f3 Nc6 8. Qd2 O-O 9. O-O-O d5 1/2-1/2
[Event "GM Title April"]
[Site "Alushta"]
[Date "1999.04.25"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Moiseenko, A."]
[Black "Moskalenko, V."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "Viktor Moskalenko for Chess Sector"]
[ECO "D03"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "51"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. Bg5 c5 4. e3 Qb6 5. Nbd2 d5 6. Bxf6 gxf6 7. c4 ( 7. Rb1 Bd7 $5 $146 8. c4 cxd4 9. exd4 Nc6 10. c5 ( 10. cxd5 exd5 11. Bd3 Nxd4 12. O-O O-O-O $17 ) 10... Qa5 $5 11. a3 e5 $132 ) 7... cxd4 8. exd4 Nc6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Bd3 Nxd4 $5 $146 11. O-O ( 11. Nxd4 $6 Qxd4 12. Bb5+ Kd8 $1 ( 12... Bd7 13. Bxd7+ Kxd7 14. O-O Bh6 15. Nf3 Qxd1 16. Raxd1 Kd6 17. Nd4 Bf4 18. Nf5+ Ke6 $8 19. g4 $5 Rag8 20. Rfe1+ Be5 21. h3 h5 22. f4 hxg4 23. Nd4+ Kd6 24. Nf5+ Ke6 25. Nd4+ $11 ) 13. O-O Be6 $1 $15 ) 11... Nc6 ( 11... Be6 $5 { 0-0-0 } ) 12. Re1+ Be7 13. Rc1 Be6 14. Nb3 Bb4 $1 ( 14... Kf8 $2 15. Qd2 h5 16. Qf4 $16 ) ( 14... O-O-O 15. Bf5 $5 $36 ) 15. Re2 Kf8 16. Bb1 Rd8 17. Nfd4 Bg4 18. f3 Bd7 19. Kh1 Nxd4 20. Nxd4 Bc5 21. Nb3 $1 ( 21. Rd2 Kg7 $15 ) 21... Be3 ( 21... Ba4 $2 22. Qd2 Bxb3 23. Qh6+ Kg8 24. axb3 Bf8 25. Qh5 $16 ) 22. Rc3 d4 23. Rd3 Kg7 $8 24. Nxd4 Bxd4 25. Rxd4 Bf5 $1 26. Rdd2 ( 26. Rdd2 Bg6 $5 27. Bc2 $1 ( 27. h3 $2 Qxb2 $1 ) 27... Rhe8 ( 27... Qxb2 $2 28. Rxd8 Bxc2 ( 28... Rxd8 29. Qxd8 Bxc2 30. h3 $16 ) 29. Rxh8 $18 ) 28. Rxe8 Rxe8 29. Bb3 Qb4 $11 ) 1/2-1/2
[Event "GM Title April"]
[Site "Alushta"]
[Date "1999.04.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Moskalenko, V."]
[Black "Zubov, A."]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Viktor Moskalenko for Chess Sector"]
[ECO "D40"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "83"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. e3 cxd4 4. exd4 d5 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Nf3 e6 7. a3 Be7 8. c5 Ne4 9. Qc2 Bf6 10. Bb5 ( 10. Be3 Qa5 11. Rb1 $13 { Hort-Lombard, Athene 1969 } ) 10... O-O 11. Bxc6 bxc6 12. O-O Nxc3 13. Qxc3 Re8 $5 $146 14. Bf4 ( 14. Re1 $5 Re7 ( 14... a5 $5 ) 15. Bg5 $14 ) 14... a5 15. a4 Re7 $1 16. Rfb1 Rb7 17. b4 Rxb4 18. Rxb4 axb4 19. Qxb4 Qd7 20. h3 $5 ( 20. Bg5 $5 $14 ) 20... Bd8 $1 $132 21. Rb1 $1 f6 22. Qa3 Ba6 23. Qe3 $1 Bc4 24. Rb4 ( 24. Bd6 $5 Rxa4 $6 25. Rb8 $44 h6 $1 26. h4 $1 $36 ) 24... Be7 ( 24... Ba5 25. Rb2 Bd8 26. h4 $1 ) 25. h4 $1 $14 Ba6 26. Qb3 Kf7 27. Qb1 g6 28. Rb3 Ra7 $2 ( 28... Kg7 $5 29. h5 g5 $132 ) 29. h5 Ra8 30. hxg6+ $138 ( 30. Nh4 $1 Rg8 31. Rg3 g5 ( 31... f5 32. hxg6+ hxg6 33. Nf3 $16 ) 32. Qxh7+ ( 32. h6 $5 ) 32... Rg7 33. Qc2 $18 gxh4 ( 33... gxf4 34. Rxg7+ Kxg7 35. Qg6+ Kh8 ( 35... Kf8 36. h6 Bd8 37. h7 Qg7 38. Qh5 $18 ) 36. Qh6+ Kg8 37. Ng6 $18 ) 34. Rxg7+ Kxg7 35. Qg6+ Kh8 36. Qf7 $1 Qb7 ( 36... Bc8 37. Bh6 Bd8 38. Bg7+ Kh7 39. Qg6+ Kg8 40. h6 $18 ) ( 36... Qd8 37. Bh6 Qg8 38. Qxe7 h3 39. Qxf6+ Kh7 40. Bg5 $18 ) 37. Bh6 Qb1+ 38. Kh2 Qh7 39. Qe8+ Qg8 40. Qxe7 $18 ) 30... hxg6 31. Nh4 Rg8 32. Rb8 $1 ( 32. Rg3 $5 g5 33. Bxg5 fxg5 ( 33... Rxg5 $5 34. Qh7+ Ke8 35. Ng6 $1 Kd8 36. Rb3 $5 $44 ) 34. Qh7+ Rg7 35. Rf3+ Bf6 36. Qh5+ Kg8 37. Rxf6 ( 37. Ng6 Rh7 $1 ) 37... gxh4 38. Rh6 Rh7 39. Qg5+ $1 $44 Rg7 ( 39... Kf8 $2 40. Rxh7 Qxh7 41. Qd8+ Kf7 42. Qd7+ Kg8 43. Qxc6 $16 ) ( 39... Kh8 $5 ) 40. Qxh4 Bd3 $1 41. Rh8+ Kf7 42. a5 $5 $36 ) 32... Bc8 33. Nf3 $16 Qa7 34. Bd6 Qd7 ( 34... Qxa4 35. Bxe7 Kxe7 36. Qb6 $18 ) 35. Bxe7 ( 35. Qb4 $5 ) 35... Kxe7 36. a5 $18 Qc7 37. Qb6 $6 ( 37. Ra8 $1 $18 { a6,a7 } ) 37... Qf4 38. Qa7+ Kd8 39. Qb6+ Kd7 $2 ( 39... Ke7 $8 40. Qb2 $16 ) 40. Qa7+ Kd8 41. Qb6+ Kd7 $2 42. Ra8 $1 $18 ( 42. Ra8 Rd8 $8 ( 42... Qc1+ 43. Kh2 Qf4+ ( 43... Rh8+ 44. Kg3 $18 ) 44. g3 Qxf3 45. Ra7+ Ke8 46. Qxc6+ Kd8 47. Qd6+ Ke8 48. Qe7# ) 43. Ra7+ Ke8 44. Qc7 $1 ( 44. Qxc6+ $6 Bd7 45. Qd6 e5 $1 $132 ) 44... Qc1+ 45. Kh2 Bd7 46. Qg3 Qh6+ ( 46... g5 47. a6 $18 ) 47. Qh4 Qxh4+ 48. Nxh4 e5 $5 49. Nf3 $1 Bg4 50. a6 Bxf3 51. Rh7 $1 $18 ) 1-0
[Event "GM Title April"]
[Site "Alushta"]
[Date "1999.04.??"]
[Round "9"]
[White "Askarian, L."]
[Black "Moskalenko, V."]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "Viktor Moskalenko for Chess Sector"]
[ECO "A62"]
[EventDate "1999.??.??"]
[PlyCount "112"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d5 e6 4. Nc3 exd5 5. cxd5 d6 6. Nf3 g6 7. g3 Bg7 8. Bg2 O-O 9. O-O Na6 10. Nd2 Rb8 11. a4 Nc7 12. Nc4 b6 13. h3 $146 ( 13. Bf4 Nfe8 14. Ne4 Ba6 15. Ncxd6 Nxd6 $146 ( 15... f5 $2 16. Nxe8 Rxe8 17. Nc3 Bxc3 18. bxc3 Bxe2 19. d6 $18 { Kuszelman-Makowski URS/SzB 1962 } ) 16. Bxd6 Re8 $44 ( 16... Bxb2 $5 17. Rb1 Bd4 18. Bxf8 Kxf8 $44 ) ) 13... Ba6 14. Na3 Re8 15. Re1 Nd7 16. f4 $5 c4 17. Nc2 Nc5 18. Nb4 Bb7 19. Nc6 $6 ( 19. Nb5 $1 a6 $5 20. Na7 Ra8 21. Nac6 Qf6 $13 ) 19... Bxc6 20. dxc6 Bxc3 $1 21. bxc3 d5 22. f5 $1 Qd6 23. Bf4 Qxc6 24. a5 $6 ( 24. Bxc7 Qxc7 25. Qxd5 Nb3 $1 ( 25... Qxg3 26. fxg6 hxg6 27. Rf1 Re7 28. Qxc4 $132 ) 26. Rad1 Rbd8 27. Qf3 $8 ( 27. Qc6 $6 Qxg3 28. Qxc4 Nd2 29. Qg4 ( 29. Qc6 $2 Rxe2 $1 30. Rxe2 Nf3+ $19 ) 29... Qxc3 $17 ) 27... Nd2 28. Qf2 Qe5 $17 ) 24... b5 25. Qd4 $1 gxf5 $1 ( 25... Nb3 $6 26. Qxa7 Rb7 27. Qf2 Nxa1 28. Rxa1 $44 ) 26. Kh2 a6 $17 27. Bf3 $5 { Rg1,g4 } ( 27. Rad1 Rbd8 $17 ) 27... Ne4 $1 ( 27... Nb3 $6 28. Qf2 Nxa1 29. Rxa1 Rbd8 30. Qd4 $5 $44 ) 28. Rg1 Ne6 29. Qe5 f6 30. Qxf5 Ng7 31. Qg4 Rbd8 $138 32. Rac1 Qe6 33. Qh4 d4 34. cxd4 Rxd4 35. Rg2 Ng5 36. Bg4 Qd5 ( 36... Qe7 $17 ) 37. Qh6 Ne4 38. Rf1 Qf7 39. Be3 Rd5 40. Qf4 Qe7 41. Bf3 Rf5 42. Qh6 Ng5 43. Bd2 ( 43. Bd4 Rd8 $17 ) 43... Nxf3+ ( 43... Rd8 $1 ) 44. exf3 Re5 45. g4 Re6 46. Qf4 Qd6 47. Kg3 Qxf4+ 48. Kxf4 Rd6 49. Bc3 Kf7 $19 50. h4 Ne6+ 51. Kg3 Rd3 52. Rc1 Nd4 53. Bxd4 Rxd4 54. g5 b4 55. f4 c3 56. Kg4 Rc8 0-1
[Event "London"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1783.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Count Bruehl"]
[Black "Philidor"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "104"]

1. e4 { The interesting part of this game begins at move 40. } 1... e5 2. Bc4 c6 3. Qe2 d6 4. c3 f5 5. d3 Nf6 6. exf5 Bxf5 7. d4 e4 8. Bg5 d5 9. Bb3 Bd6 10. Nd2 Nbd7 11. h3 h6 12. Be3 Qe7 13. f4 h5 14. c4 a6 15. cxd5 cxd5 16. Qf2 O-O 17. Ne2 b5 18. O-O Nb6 19. Ng3 g6 20. Rac1 Nc4 21. Nxf5 gxf5 22. Qg3+ Qg7 23. Qxg7+ Kxg7 24. Bxc4 bxc4 25. g3 Rab8 26. b3 Ba3 27. Rc2 cxb3 28. axb3 Rbc8 29. Rxc8 Rxc8 30. Ra1 Bb4 31. Rxa6 Rc3 32. Kf2 Rd3 33. Ra2 Bxd2 34. Rxd2 Rxb3 35. Rc2 h4 36. Rc7+ Kg6 37. gxh4 Nh5 38. Rd7 Nxf4 39. Bxf4 Rf3+ 40. Kg2 Rxf4 41. Rxd5 Rf3 { This is an example of a rook and pawn endgame, also just called a rook endgame . Even though White has more pawns, they are scattered and isolated. The doubled pawns are particularly weak, so Black actually has the advantage. } 42. Rd8 Rd3 43. d5 f4 44. d6 Rd2+ 45. Kf1 Kf7 { White's pawn has advanced down the board, but the Black king takes an active role in the defense. } 46. h5 e3 47. h6 f3 { Now Black has established mating net. The threat is Rd1 mate. White actually resigned, because the only escape from mate is to move the king away from the pawns, but then Black gets a queen: } 48. Kg1 Rg2+ 49. Kf1 { 49.Kh1 e2 } 49... e2+ 50. Ke1 Rg1+ 51. Kd2 Rd1+ 52. Kc2 e1=Q 0-1
[Event "New Orleans"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1849.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Morphy,E"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "39"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 d6 5. O-O Nf6 { Black should play either 5...Bb6 or 5...Qe7, since now his own e-pawn is weak. } 6. d4 exd4 { Now Black suffers from a nasty cramp. 6...Bb6 was a better, but still unhappy line. } 7. cxd4 Bb6 8. h3 { Keeping Black cramped. Now 8... Nxe4 is dangerous after 9 d5 or 9 Re1 d5 10 Bxd5 Qxd5 11 Nc3. } 8... h6 { Black fears 8...O-O, but now he's dangerously behind in development. } 9. Nc3 O-O 10. Be3 Re8 { Weakening f7, though it shouldn't be terminal. } 11. d5 Bxe3 { But this is a serious mistake. White can now open the a2-g8 diagonal and the tactics will be awful for Black. } 12. dxc6 Bb6 13. e5 { White encourages Black to give up pawn control of e5 so he can later use his knight against f7. Black doesn't want to move his knight, since White will have threats like Qd5, hitting both f7 and b7, but that was the best chance. } 13... dxe5 14. Qb3 Re7 15. Bxf7+ Rxf7 { Black now loses because of the pin on the rook, but he probably didn't like the idea of moving the king because of 16 Nh4. } 16. Nxe5 Qe8 17. cxb7 { Now Black has no chance of breaking the pin on his rook. } 17... Bxb7 18. Rae1 Ba6 19. Ng6 Qd8 20. Re7 1-0
[Event "New Orleans"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1849.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Morphy,A"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "41"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Bc5 6. d4 exd4 7. cxd4 Bb6 8. O-O Na5 { This loses time and puts the knight out of the game. Black wants to play ...d5, but he isn't ready to castle, so his king will feel a draft. } 9. Bd3 d5 10. exd5 Qxd5 { After this Black is losing. With the e-file open White is ready to jump on the enemy king. Black had to play 10...Ne7, though after 11 Ba3 it's pretty grim, since 11...O-O loses to 12 Re1 Re8 13 Ng5. } 11. Ba3 Be6 { Black sees the e-file needs protection, but this doesn't help. } 12. Nc3 Qd7 13. d5 Bxd5 14. Nxd5 Qxd5 15. Bb5+ { This shot deflects the queen from the center files allowing White to invade. } 15... Qxb5 16. Re1+ Ne7 17. Rb1 { White gets a little carried away with the deflection theme, as Black might resist a little by giving up his queen with 17...Qd7. White should just capture on e7. } 17... Qa6 18. Rxe7+ Kf8 19. Qd5 Qc4 20. Rxf7+ Kg8 21. Rf8# 1-0
[Event "New Orleans"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1850.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "McConnell"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "28"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 { The French Defense has the reputation of giving Black a solid yet cramped game. Morphy favored open positions so it comes as no surprise that this is the only example of his defending the French Defense. } 3. e5 { The Advance Variation of the French Defense. White's idea is to play against Black's light squared bishop which is locked out of the game by his own pawns. } 3... c5 { Black follows the general rule that one should attack a pawn chain at it's base. } 4. c3 { The strengthening of White's pawn chain is the logical response to Black's last move. } 4... Nc6 5. f4 { This move is a mistake as White does not need to broaden his pawn chain especially at the expense of his development. Better was 5.Nf3. 5.Nf3 Qb6 6.Be2 Bd7 7.a3 c4 } 5... Qb6 6. Nf3 Bd7 7. a3 { Although in a closed position one doesn't have to develop as quickly as in an open position. White has crossed the line in only developing one piece in position moves. 7.Bd3 cxd4 8.cxd4 Nxd4 9.Nxd4 Qxd4 We see the importance of Black's 6...Bd7, otherwise White would have a discovered check with } 7... Nh6 8. b4 cxd4 9. cxd4 Rc8 { Black stands much better due to his large lead in development. } 10. Bb2 Nf5 11. Qd3 Bxb4+ { This sacrifice is made possible because of Black's lead in development. } 12. axb4 Nxb4 13. Qd2 Rc2 { Very pretty especially since most players would jump at the chance to win White's rook by 13...Nc2+. } 14. Qd1 Ne3 { White resigned because his queen has been trapped. } 0-1
[Event "London"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1851.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Anderssen"]
[Black "Kieseritzky"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "45"]

1. e4 { Known as the "Immortal Game" this magnificent example of Adolf Anderssen's combinative powers is still considered one of the best games of all time. } 1... e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Bc4 Qh4+ 4. Kf1 b5 { The Bryan Counter-Gam bit where Black wishes to draw the bishop away from the a2-g8 diagonal. } 5. Bxb5 Nf6 6. Nf3 Qh6 { The Black queen proves to be out of play here. Better was 6...Qh5. } 7. d3 Nh5 { 7...g5 was a more natural way to defend the f-pawn. } 8. Nh4 { 8.Kg1 would stop Black's threat of Ng3+ winning the exchange. However, White would now drop a piece instead. } 8... Qg5 9. Nf5 c6 { 9...g6 10.h4 Qf6 11.Nc3 gxf5 12.Qxh5 would give White the lead in development. } 10. g4 Nf6 11. Rg1 { This piece sacrifice pursues White's agressive policy started with 8.Nh4. The important d5-square will now become available. } 11... cxb5 12. h4 Qg6 { The queen is a useless bystander now. } 13. h5 Qg5 14. Qf3 { Threatens to trap the Black queen with 15.Bxf4. } 14... Ng8 { So Black is forced to retreat to the home square. } 15. Bxf4 Qf6 16. Nc3 { Although White has only two pawns for a piece he has a winning position due to his large lead in development. Black's pieces, with the exception of the queen and the b-pawn, are all on their original squares. } 16... Bc5 17. Nd5 { This introduces a double rook sacrifice, where White will give up both of his rooks, even though he is already a piece down. } 17... Qxb2 18. Bd6 { Thus begins the "Immortal Sacrifice". } 18... Qxa1+ { 18...Bxd6 19.Nxd6+ Kd8 20.Nxf7+ Ke8 when White would have a forced mate in two. } 19. Ke2 Bxg1 { The best defense, as noted by Steinitz, was 19...Qb2, but fortunately for posterity Kieseritzky didn't figure that out. 19...Qxg1 would again allow White a forced mate. } 20. e5 { By blocking the queen off the protection of his g-pawn. White is threatening to mate in two with 21.Nxg7+ Kd8 22.Bc7 mate. } 20... Na6 { Black covers the c7 square from White's dark squared bishop. However, just when you think Black might defend, Anderssen explodes the position with yet another brilliant line. } 21. Nxg7+ Kd8 22. Qf6+ { By sacrificing the queen White has mate next move. } 22... Nxf6 { The only move. } 23. Be7# { A forced mate by three minor pieces while Black still has most of his pieces on the board. Truly a magnificent game...The Immortal Game. } 1-0
[Event "Berlin"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1852.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Anderssen"]
[Black "Dufresne"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "47"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 { White is playing the Evans Gambit. Sacrificing a pawn, White wins time for the realization of the moves c3 and d4 and also obtains the lead in development. } 4... Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 exd4 7. O-O d3 { 7...Nge7 Aiming for rapid development and preparing counterplay in the center is a better way to play. } 8. Qb3 Qf6 9. e5 Qg6 10. Re1 Nge7 11. Ba3 { Black's main problem in this position is his backward development on the queenside. } 11... b5 { Black gives back one of the pawns with the hope of getting his queenside pieces into the game. } 12. Qxb5 Rb8 13. Qa4 Bb6 14. Nbd2 Bb7 { Although Black has developed his queenside pieces the most important piece is still in the center. In our collection of games you will find many examples of punishment being meted out when the king remains too long in the center. } 15. Ne4 Qf5 16. Bxd3 Qh5 17. Nf6+ { With Black's king stuck in the center White sacrifices the knight to open up the e-file. } 17... gxf6 18. exf6 Rg8 19. Rad1 { This leads to one of the most beautiful combination ever played. However, 19. Be4 was also very strong. } 19... Qxf3 { It would appear that White overlooked that his g-pawn is pinned. However, this is not the case. } 20. Rxe7+ Nxe7 21. Qxd7+ { Very beautiful! First White sacked the rook and now the queen. The idea is to bring the Black king into a double check on the d-file. } 21... Kxd7 { 21...Kf8 22.Bxe7+ Mate. } 22. Bf5+ Ke8 { 22...Kc6 allows mate in one. } 23. Bd7+ Kf8 24. Bxe7# { Indeed a very pretty way to end the game. After playing through this game you can easily see why it's a classic that has earned the nickname "The Evergreen Game". } 1-0
[Event "Mobile"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1855.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Ayers"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "51"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 d6 7. Qb3 { 7.dxe5 dxe 5 8.Qxd8+ Nxd8 9.Nxe5 Be6 Black has returned the pawn but enjoys a comfortable game. } 7... Qe7 { The wrong square for the queen, though it seems logical. The e7-square is needed for a knight. 7...Qd7 8.dxe5 Bb6 9.e6 fxe6 10.Ng5 Na5 11. Bxe6 Nxb3 12.Bxd7+ Bxd7 13.axb3 Nf6 } 8. d5 Nd4 { This looks like a clever move, since the knight cannot be captured by the pawn because of the pin. But now the game gets quite exciting as Morphy lets his king get chased around the board. } 9. Bb5+ c6 10. Nxd4 exd4 { 10...cxb5 11.Qxb5+ Bd7 12.Qxa5 exd4 13. O-O Qxe4 14.c4 Ne7 15.Re1 Qg6 16.Qc7 b6 17.Ba3 } 11. dxc6 Qxe4+ 12. Kd1 Bg4+ 13. f3 Bxf3+ 14. gxf3 Qxf3+ 15. Kc2 Qe4+ { Black does not have time to capture the rook because of the discovered check. 15...Qxh1 16.cxb7+ Kf8 17. bxa8Q+ Qxa8 18.Ba3 White has an extra piece. } 16. Kb2 Bxc3+ 17. Nxc3 dxc3+ 18. Qxc3 O-O-O { Black seems to have castled to safety and has a pile of extra pawns. But Morphy will use the open files to attack. } 19. Re1 Qd5 20. cxb7+ Kxb7 { 20...Kb8 The king would have been safer using the White pawn as a shield. } 21. Rb1 { A brilliant quiet move. White sets up future threats on the open b-file. } 21... Nf6 { Now White unleashes a tremendous combination involving the open file and a discovered check. } 22. Bc6+ Qxc6 23. Ka1+ Kc7 24. Qa5+ Kc8 25. Qxa7 { Now the open c-file will bring the game to a rapid close. } 25... Nd7 26. Bd2 1-0
[Event "Unknown"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1855.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Maurian"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "24"]

1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Bc4 Qh4+ { This check causes the White king some discomfort, but it also wastes a lot of time. } 4. Kf1 b5 { The idea behind this move is to gain some time back by annoying the bishop should it capture the pawn. But Morphy maintains the initiative by attacking the enemy rook. } 5. Bd5 Nc6 6. Nf3 Qh5 7. d4 { With each move, White attacks an enemy piece. This time it is the f-pawn. } 7... Nf6 8. Bb3 Ba6 { Black plans a discovered check by advancing the b-pawn. } 9. Qe2 { Now the b-pawn is pinned. But Morphy has overlooked something. The White king has only two defenders, the knight and queen. Each of them can be drawn away from the monarch. } 9... Nxd4 { First the knight is lured away. } 10. Nxd4 { Now the queen is forced to leave the area. } 10... b4 11. Qxa6 { There wasn 't any real choice, as otherwise the queen is lost. But now the king is defenseless, and Black finishes neatly. } 11... Qd1+ 12. Kf2 Ng4# 0-1
[Event "Mobile"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1855.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Meek"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "42"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Bc4 Bc5 5. Ng5 { This premature attack allows Black to seize the initiative by continually developing his pieces. } 5... Nh6 { Black develops another piece while defending his f7 pawn. 5...Ne5 when Black would be making the same mistake that White did of moving a piece again which has already been developed. } 6. Nxf7 Nxf7 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qh5+ g6 9. Qxc5 { Although White has managed to restore the material balance one has to be suspicious that all of White's pieces which were active before the combination have now disappeared from the board. } 9... d6 { Black clears an opening for his light squared bishop while gaining a tempo on the White queen. } 10. Qb5 Re8 11. Qb3+ { 11.O-O Getting the king to safety should have been preferred. } 11... d5 { Black takes advantage of White's e-pawn being pinned to his king. } 12. f3 Na5 { Played with the idea of driving the White queen off the a2-g8 diagonal. } 13. Qd3 dxe4 14. fxe4 Qh4+ 15. g3 Rxe4+ { Black's better development has turned into an attack on the White king. } 16. Kf2 Qe7 17. Nd2 Re3 { The following play revolves around Black trying to chase the White queen from the protection of the e2 square in order for Black to seize the seventh rank with Re2+. } 18. Qb5 c6 19. Qf1 Bh3 20. Qd1 { 20.Qxh3 Re2+ 21.Kg1 would allow Black a forced mate in two. } 20... Rf8 21. Nf3 Ke8 { White resigned due to the material losses that will follow because of his pinned knight on f3. } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lichtenhein"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "38"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Bc4 Nf6 { By a transposition of moves a variation of the Two Knight Defense has been reached. } 5. e5 d5 { A good move in which Black fights for the center by gaining a tempo on the White bishop. } 6. Bb5 { 6.exf6 dxc4 7.fxg7 Bxg7 would be a winning position for Black who is a pawn ahead and has more pieces developed. } 6... Ne4 7. Nxd4 Bd7 8. Nxc6 { 8.Bxc6 The correct way to get rid of the knight as after... } 8... bxc6 { White would not have to lose time due to Black's c-pawn attacking the bishop. bxc6  The correct way to recapture since Black gains yet another tempo on the White bishop. 8...Bxc6 9.Bxc6+ bxc6 10.O-O allows White to catch up in development. } 9. Bd3 Bc5 { Black develops another piece while creating a threat on White's f-pawn. } 10. Bxe4 { 10.O-O Qh4 gives Black the advantage due to his kingside initiative. } 10... Qh4 { Once again Black develops with gain of tempo this time he is threatening to checkmate White with 11...Qxf2. } 11. Qe2 { 11.g3 Qxe4+ 12.Qe2 Qxh1+ } 11... dxe4 { The correct recapture, since Black has the initiative it will be much easier to attack White's king with queens still on the board. 11...Qxe4 12.Qxe4 dxe4 would be fine for White due to Black's broken pawn structure. } 12. Be3 { This is the final mistake which allows Black to bring another piece into the attack with tempo. 12.O-O } 12... Bg4 13. Qc4 { 13.Qd2 Rd8 would leave White with no good response to Black's threat of 14... Rd1+. } 13... Bxe3 { Black takes advantage of the pin on White's f-pawn. } 14. g3 { 14.Qxc6+ Bd7 15.Qxa8+ Ke7 16.g3 Qg4 17.Qxh8 Bxf2+ 18.Kxf2 Qf3+ 19.Kg1 Bh3 would leave White's king defenseless on the light squares 14.O-O Bb6 15.Qxc6+ Ke7 would leave Black a piece ahead. } 14... Qd8 15. fxe3 Qd1+ 16. Kf2 Qf3+ 17. Kg1 Bh3 { With no piece to come to the king's defense all White has left are a few spite checks. } 18. Qxc6+ Kf8 19. Qxa8+ Ke7 { White resigned. } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Perrin"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "51"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. Be3 Nf6 6. Bd3 Bb4+ { 6...Be7 7.O-O d6 would give Black control of the center and future play down the semi-open c-file. } 7. c3 Ba5 { A mistake since Black's dark-square bishop belongs on e7 to cover the dark squares surrounding the king. } 8. O-O Bb6 9. Nd2 { Black's waste of time with his dark squared bishop has given White the advantage due to his lead in development. } 9... Ne5 10. Be2 d5 { Attacking in the center when behind in development is definetly a mistake. } 11. f4 Nc6 12. e5 Bxd4 13. cxd4 { White has succeeded in locking Black's light squared bishop out of the game. } 13... Nd7 14. Bd3 { Preparing to advance the f-pawn with a kingside attack. } 14... f5 15. g4 g6 { 15...fxg4 16.Qxg4 This would only increase White's lead in development. } 16. gxf5 exf5 { 16...gxf5 17.Qh5+ Kf8 Black's king is vulnerable to attack. } 17. Kh1 { White tucks his king away just in case the g-file should become opened. } 17... Nf8 18. Rc1 { White has a big lead in development as Black only has one piece off of the back rank. } 18... Ne6 19. Bxf5 { This sacrifice is made possible due to White's lead in development. } 19... Nexd4 { 19...gxf5 20.Qh5+ Kd7 21.Qxf5 Qe8 22.Qh3 when Black has no good defense against White's passed pawns from advancing. } 20. Bxc8 Rxc8 21. f5 { White is relentless in his pursuit to open up the position. } 21... Nxf5 22. Rxf5 gxf5 23. Qh5+ Kd7 24. Qf7+ Qe7 25. e6+ Kd8 { White now has a decoying move which either wins the Black queen or mates the Black king. } 26. Bg5 { Black resigned. } 1-0
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Stanley"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "40"]

1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Bc4 { 3.Nf3 would prevent the Black queen from checking on h4. } 3... Qh4+ { A good move which forces White to move his king. } 4. Kf1 { 4.g3 fxg3 5.Nf3 g2+ 6.Nxh4 gxh1Q+ wins material for Black. } 4... b5 { The Bryan  Counter gambit. Black's idea is to drive the bishop off of the a2- g8 diagonal. } 5. Bb3 { Capturing the pawn at b5 is a better move. } 5... Nf6 { 5...a5 6.a4 b4 7.d3 Ba6 8.Nf3 Qf6 would make White's future development awkward. } 6. Nf3 Qh6 7. Nc3 b4 8. Nb5 Ba6 { Black develops while gaining a tempo by pinning White's knight to his king. } 9. Bc4 Bxb5 10. Bxb5 Nh5 11. Ke2 { 11.d3 would allow Black to win material. } 11... g5 12. Ne5 Bg7 13. Ng4 f3+ { A strong clearance move which will either give Black the f4 square for his knight or place White's king on the f-file. } 14. Kxf3 { 14.gxf3 Nf4+ 15.Kf2 would allow Black to win a piece. } 14... Qb6 15. Qe2 O-O 16. Bc4 { Black has a winning position due to White's vulnerable king and backward development. } 16... Nc6 17. c3 Kh8 { Prepares an attack on the f-file which was not playable immediately since Black's f-pawn is pinned by White's bishop at c4. } 18. Qe3 { White seeks the exchange of queens which would allow White's king to move about more safely. } 18... f5 19. Qxb6 fxg4+ { This intermediate move gains Black a material advantage. } 20. Kxg4 Nf6+ { White resigned. } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Paulsen"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "50"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bc5 { This is an old fashioned, but very solid way of playing the opening. } 5. O-O O-O 6. Nxe5 Re8 7. Nxc6 dxc6 8. Bc4 b5 { A mistake, which weakens the pawn at c6. } 9. Be2 { Black now captures the pawn at e4, which just opens up a serious line to the Black king. } 9... Nxe4 10. Nxe4 Rxe4 11. Bf3 Re6 12. c3 Qd3 { Black tries to prevent White from playing d4, which will allow the bishop into the game. But the queen is not well-suited to such a meaningless task. } 13. b4 { A very bad move. It was time to chase the enemy queen away. 13.Re1 Rxe1+ 14.Qxe1 Bd7 15.Qe2 White no longer has any serious problems. } 13... Bb6 14. a4 bxa4 { Forced, otherwise 15.a5 would trap the bishop. } 15. Qxa4 Bd7 { Black completes his development. } 16. Ra2 Rae8 17. Qa6 { This is a clever attempt to exchange queens and reduce the attacking force. But Black has other plans for the queen, noticing that the bishop at f3 is one of only two pieces defending the White king. Do you see the sacrifice? } 17... Qxf3 { A brilliant queen sacrifice which opens up the White kingside. This can be done because White's pieces are all misplaced. } 18. gxf3 Rg6+ 19. Kh1 Bh3 { The threat is 20...Bg2+ 21.Kg1 Bxf3 mate. } 20. Rd1 Bg2+ 21. Kg1 Bxf3+ 22. Kf1 { Here Morphy actually missed a quicker win. 22.Kf1 Rg2! 23.Qd3 Rxf2+ 24.Kg1 Rg2+ 25.Kf1Rg1++ } 22... Bg2+ 23. Kg1 Bh3+ 24. Kh1 Bxf2 25. Qf1 { The only defense to mate. } 25... Bxf1 { and Black went on to win. } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Paulsen"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "56"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bc5 { 4...Bb4 5.O-O O-O 6.d3 d6 7. Bg5 Bxc3 8.bxc3 Qe7 9.Re1 Nd8 when White's advantage of the two bishops is off set by his doubled c-pawn 4...Nd4 is an interesting move that breaks the symmetry. } 5. O-O O-O 6. Nxe5 Re8 7. Nxc6 { 7.Nf3 Nxe4 8.d4 Nxc3 9.bxc3 Bf8 } 7... dxc6 8. Bc4 b5 { 8...Nxe4 9.Nxe4 Rxe4 10.Bxf7+ Kxf7 11.Qf3+ Kg8 12. Qxe4 would leave White an exchange ahead. } 9. Be2 Nxe4 10. Nxe4 Rxe4 11. Bf3 { A mistake as the light squared bishop has moved four times at the expense of ignoring White's other pieces. 11.d3 Re6 12.c3 is a better plan. } 11... Re6 12. c3 { The final mistake which lets Black lock in White's queenside pieces. Correct was 12.d3 with a playable game. } 12... Qd3 13. b4 Bb6 14. a4 bxa4 { 14...a6 15.axb5 Qxb5 16.d4 would let White out of the bind. } 15. Qxa4 Bd7 16. Ra2 Rae8 { Black's lead in development coupled with White's weakened back rank gives Morphy a winning position. } 17. Qa6 { 17.Bb2 would allow Black a forced mate in two. } 17... Qxf3 { An amazing queen sacrifice which breaks down White's kingside defenses. } 18. gxf3 Rg6+ 19. Kh1 Bh3 20. Rd1 { 20.Rg1 would allow Black a forced mate in three. } 20... Bg2+ 21. Kg1 Bxf3+ 22. Kf1 Bg2+ 23. Kg1 Bh3+ 24. Kh1 Bxf2 { The threat of 25...Bg2 mate decides the game. } 25. Qf1 Bxf1 26. Rxf1 Re2 27. Ra1 Rh6 28. d4 Be3 { White resigned since he has no defense against 29...Rhxh2+ } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Thompson"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "42"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 h6 6. Ne2 { White has hardly developed at all but is already thinking about reorganizing! Either 6.Be3 or 6. O-O would have made much more sense. } 6... d6 7. c3 O-O 8. h3 Kh8 { What is the logic behind this move? Morphy understands that in order to attack he will need to open up the f-file by advancing the pawn at f7 to f5. But the pin on the a2-g8 diagonal would prevent that. So the king moves from g8. } 9. Ng3 Nh7 10. Qc2 { Now that we know what Morphy is up to, we see the point of this move too. } 10... f5 { Here we go! } 11. exf5 d5 { There is no rush to capture this pawn. In fact, it will sit at f5 for most of the game. Instead, Morphy takes control of the center and limits the scope of the bishop at c4, which must now retreat with loss of time. } 12. Bb3 e4 13. dxe4 dxe4 14. Ng1 { Why retreat? Couldn't White capture the pawn? With the king still sitting at e1, the e-file would prove dangerous. Try playing the position as White against Gambit, and capture the pawn. See what happens! } 14... Ne5 15. Be3 Nd3+ 16. Ke2 Bxe3 17. fxe3 { There are three White pieces near the king, but they are not well-posted for defensive duties. Black has only a knight in the attack so far, but it will soon be joined by the queen and, surprisingly, the bishop from distant c8. } 17... Qh4 18. Nxe4 Qxe4 19. Qxd3 Qxg2+ 20. Kd1 Bxf5 { The recapture of the pawn, sitting there for ten moves, is perfectly timed. Now the queen must move, and the bishop can turn to its real task. } 21. Qe2 { The back rank is now very weak, and Black already controls the 7th rank. So Morphy finishes with a nice combination. Some sources give the prosaic capture of the rook as ending the game, but according to Maroczy the finish was... } 21... Bg4 { White resigned . The point is that the Black rook is moving to f1 on the next move. } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Schulten"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "23"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. O-O f5 { Awful. Black exposes his kingside and opens the game when he is behind in development. } 5. d4 exd4 6. e5 { This pawn is a bone in Black's throat, and if he doesn't do something about it White will break through in the center and exploit Black's inability to castle short. } 6... d6 { But this opens things even further with Black having no chance to get his king out of the way. } 7. exd6 Qxd6 8. Re1+ { White immediat ely exploits the open e-file and invites Black to move into a nasty pin. } 8... Nge7 9. Ng5 Ne5 { Unpinning the knight on e7, but walking into to pins on e5. } 10. Bf4 N7g6 11. Bxe5 Nxe5 12. Nf7 { The pin now nets at least a piece, with Black's king still stuck in the middle . } 1-0
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Meek"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "23"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 c5 3. d5 e5 4. f4 d6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. fxe5 Bxf3 7. Qxf3 dxe5 8. Bb5+ { This will set up the first of several pins which will prove deadly to Black. } 8... Nd7 9. Nc3 Nf6 10. Bg5 { The second pin. } 10... Be7 11. d6 { The point of this sacrifice is to create an open d-file, allowing a rook to be brought into the attack. } 11... Bxd6 12. O-O-O { Faced with the multitude of pins (at d7 on both diagonal and file, and at f6) Black resigned. If you think you can find a defense, try playing on against Gambit. } 1-0
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Meek"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "61"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. c3 { The Scotch gambit where through the sacrifice of a pawn White hopes to gain a lead in development which will ultimately lead to a winning kingside attack. } 4... dxc3 5. Nxc3 Bc5 { 5...Bb4 6.Bc4 Nf6 7.O-O Bxc3 8.bxc3 d6 Black is close to consolidating his extra pawn. } 6. Bc4 d6 7. h3 { White wishes to avoid the pinning of his knight on f3. However, having already sacrificed a pawn for a lead in development 7. h3 is out of place with the spirit of White's previous play. 7.Qb3 } 7... Be6 { Given an extra move by White's 7.h3 Black wastes no time in neutralizing White's best placed piece the bishop on c4. } 8. Bb5 { 8.Bxe6 fxe6 9.Qb3 Qc8 10. Ng5 Nd8 Black has everything defended plus his extra pawn. } 8... Ne7 9. Ng5 O-O 10. Qh5 h6 11. Nf3 Ng6 12. g4 { Black is better developed so this attack is premature. 12.Bxh6 gxh6 13.Qxh6 Qf6 14.Ng5 Qg7 } 12... Nce5 13. Nxe5 dxe5 14. g5 Qd4 15. Be3 Qb4 16. Bxc5 Qxb2 17. O-O Qxc3 18. Bxf8 Rxf8 { Materially the position is equal. However, White's disgruntled kingside and Black's active minor pieces give Black a winning position. } 19. Rac1 Qb2 20. Bc4 Nf4 { The knight finds an outpost on f4 which greatly disrupts White's position. } 21. Qd1 { 21.Qh4 hxg5 22.Qg3 Bxc4 23.Rxc4 Ne2+ wins the White queen. } 21... Nxh3+ 22. Kg2 Nf4+ 23. Kh1 Qb6 { The final blow the Black queen prepares to swing over to the kingside and this quickly decides the game. } 24. gxh6 Bxc4 25. h7+ Kxh7 26. Qg4 Qh6+ 27. Kg1 Bxf1 28. Rxf1 { Since Black is up a clear piece, White could resign with a clear conscious at any time. } 28... Rd8 29. a4 Rd6 30. f3 Rg6 31. Kf2 { White resigned not because he will lose his queen but because Black has a forced mate in three. Do you see how? } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Schulten"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "34"]

1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Nc3 { 4.d3 is a move that leads to fewer complications. } 4... Bb4 5. e5 { If Black wer e forced to move the knight this would be a good move, but White has a superior option. } 5... d5 6. exf6 dxc4 7. fxg7 Rg8 { At first glance this looks good for White, since the Black pawn structure is a mess. But even in 1857 it was known that Black has compensation since it is easier to develop the remaining pieces. } 8. Qe2+ Be6 9. a3 Bc5 { All White has done is push the bishop to a better location. } 10. Nf3 Nc6 11. Ne4 { White tries to play actively with such pieces are already developed. The problem is the king, which is stuck in the middle of the board and has no prospects of castling. } 11... Nd4 12. Nxd4 Bxd4 13. c3 Qh4+ 14. Kf1 { 14.Kd1 Bg4 } 14... Bb6 15. d4 cxd3 16. Qxd3 Rd8 17. Qe2 { Now the queen is overworked. Not only must f2 and d1 be guarded, but also c4. Black can now win brilliantly. Do you see how? Be careful, though. There is also a trap! } 17... Rd1+ { 17...Bc4 18.Nf6+ } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Schulten"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "41"]

1. e4 e5 2. f4 d5 3. exd5 e4 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. d3 Bb4 6. Bd2 { This breaks the pin on the Nc3, but Black can reinstate it. } 6... e3 { It is worth a pawn to deflect the bishop from its defensive duties. } 7. Bxe3 O-O 8. Bd2 Bxc3 9. bxc3 Re8+ 10. Be2 { White has two extra pawns, but the pawn structure is a mess and the bishops have no scope. Black now uses the pin on the d- file to add more pressure. } 10... Bg4 11. c4 c6 12. dxc6 Nxc6 { Black's superior development gives him a clear advantage. } 13. Kf1 { White has n ow abandoned the notion of ever castling. Black's would like to keep the pressure on, and invests the exchange to do so. } 13... Rxe2 14. Nxe2 { The knight is now pinned to the queen, and it is easy to pile on more pressure which results in a quick kill. } 14... Nd4 15. Qb1 Bxe2+ 16. Kf2 Ng4+ 17. Kg1 { White's position is so pathetic that the king is nearly checkmated by the minor pieces alone. But to add insult to injury, Morphy finishes with a fine combination by sacrificing a piece. } 17... Nf3+ 18. gxf3 Qd4+ 19. Kg2 Qf2+ 20. Kh3 Qxf3+ 21. Kh4 { Black resigned without waiting for 21...Nh6, which would be followed by checkmate. } 0-1
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Marache"]
[Black "Morphy"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "40"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 exd4 7. e5 { The point of this move is to prevent Black from playing Nf6 or advancing the pawn from d7. But castling would have been wiser. } 7... d5 8. exd6 Qxd6 9. O-O Nge7 { It turns out that the knight is better placed here anyway. Now White should have seized the diagonal with 10.Ba3, but instead Marache launches a premature attack. } 10. Ng5 O-O 11. Bd3 Bf5 { This seems to be a straightforward defense. But wait a minute, doesn't it have a tactical flaw? Can't White simply trade pieces at f5 and then play Ba3, with a skewer on the a3-f8 diagonal. } 12. Bxf5 Nxf5 13. Ba3 { Could Morphy have missed such a simple tactical device? Not a chance! } 13... Qg6 { Morphy is willing to part with a little material to maintain his kingside attack. } 14. Bxf8 Qxg5 15. Ba3 dxc3 16. Bc1 { The bishop has been quite busy ministering all over the world, but now returns home. Notice that White's pieces all remain passive on the home rank. } 16... Qg6 17. Bf4 { To protect h2. } 17... Rd8 18. Qc2 Ncd4 19. Qe4 { White tries to get some pieces near the king, for protection. But the enemy horses stampede all over the kingside, creating an aesthetically pleasing trail. Do you see the brilliant finish? } 19... Ng3 { The knight cannot be captured because the White queen is en prise. } 20. Qxg6 Nde2# 0-1
[Event "Paris"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Bottin"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "19"]

1. e4 e5 2. c3 Nf6 3. d4 Nxe4 4. dxe5 { White hopes to show that Black's knight is misplaced. } 4... Bc5 5. Qg4 Nxf2 { Too greedy. Black could get good play by the sacrificial 5...d5 6.Qxg7 Rf8. The text loses by giving up control of g5. } 6. Qxg7 Rf8 7. Bg5 f6 { The only other way to save his queen was 8...Be7, when White just wins a piece by 9.Bxe7 Qxe7 10.Kxf2. } 8. exf6 Rxf6 { There was still no escape for the queen, and White was threatening 9.f7+ } 9. Bxf6 Be7 10. Qg8+ 1-0
[Event "Paris"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Anderssen"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "33"]

1. e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Nxd4 e6 5. Nb5 d6 6. Bf4 e5 { This creates a serious weakness at d5, which will be exploited by White. } 7. Be3 f5 8. N1c3 f4 { This was Black's basic idea. After the bishop retreats, Black can continue with rapid development. But Morphy has more aggressive plans. } 9. Nd5 fxe3 10. Nbc7+ { It is not the rook White is after, but the king! } 10... Kf7 11. Qf3+ Nf6 12. Bc4 { This sets up a nasty discovered check. } 12... Nd4 13. Nxf6+ d5 { What now? White is attacking with four pieces, but each one is under an immediate threat of capture! } 14. Bxd5+ Kg6 { 14...Ke7 15.Ng8+ Rxg8 16.Qf7+ Kd6 17.O-O-O } 15. Qh5+ Kxf6 16. fxe3 { The importa nt point of this delayed capture is that it opens up the f- file. Black could have held out a little longer here with 16...Qe7, but decided to grab some material instead. } 16... Nxc2+ 17. Ke2 { Now Anderssen realized that capturing the rook would lead to checkmate, so he resigned. } 1-0
[Event "London"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Hampton"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "33"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 { The Evans Gambit was very popular during the 19th Century. It provides an excellent example of the importance of controlling the center. Eventually, however, Black found effective defensive plans and it is no longer popular. } 4... Bxb4 5. c3 Bc5 6. O-O d6 7. d4 { We can see that White has built up an ideal central formation, supported by both pieces and pawns. } 7... exd4 8. cxd4 Bb6 9. Nc3 Nf6 { Black tries to develop quickly, but the central pawns now advance with devastating effect. } 10. e5 dxe5 11. Ba3 { A very strong move which prevents Black from castling. } 11... Bg4 { 11...exd4 12.Re1+ Be6 13.Bxe6 fxe6 14.Rxe6+ Kd7 15.Ng5 h6 16.Rxf6 gxf6 17.Qg4+ Ke8 18.Qe6+ } 12. Qb3 { White strikes at the vulnerable f7-square. } 12... Bh5 13. dxe5 Ng4 14. Rad1 Qc8 { Now White has almost all of his pieces in the attack. The position can hardly be improved because the rook at f1, the remaining spectator, is needed there to guard the pawn at f2. So it is time to strike! } 15. e6 f6 { 15...fxe6 16.Bxe6 Qb8 17.Bxg4 Bxg4 18.Rfe1+ } 16. Qb5 { Attacking the hanging bishop at h5. } 16... Bg6 17. Bd5 { Here Black igned. If you are not sure why, play out the game as Black against Gambit. Even on a relatively low level, it should win every time! } 1-0
[Event "London"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Bird"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "43"]

1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 g5 4. h4 g4 5. Ne5 { This is known as the Kieseritzky variation in the King's gambit where White's idea is to put immediate pressure on Black's f7 square. } 5... Nf6 6. Bc4 d5 { Black must stop White from coming in on the f7 square. } 7. exd5 Bd6 { 7...Bg7 preparing to castle while adding protection to Black's kingside should be preferred. } 8. d4 Nh5 9. Nc3 Bf5 { 9...O-O removing the king from the center would have been a better plan. } 10. Ne2 Bxe5 11. dxe5 f3 12. gxf3 gxf3 13. Bg5 f6 { 13...fxe2 14.Qxe2 White has a double attack on Black's queen and knight. } 14. exf6 Qd6 { 14...fxe2 15.Qxe2+ Kf8 would allow White a mating attack. } 15. Qd4 fxe2 16. Bxe2 Qg3+ 17. Kd2 O-O { Black's king will come under fire since he has just castled onto the open g- file. } 18. Rag1 { Black resigned since after his queen moves, the open g-file would win the game for White. 18. Rag1 Black resigned due to White's mating attack down the open g-file. } 18... Qd6 19. Bf4+ Kh8 20. Bxd6 cxd6 21. f7+ Ng7 22. Qxg7# 1-0
[Event "Paris"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Bottin"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "57"]

1. e4 e5 2. c3 Nf6 3. d4 Nxe4 4. dxe5 Bc5 { The opening has turned into a very sharp position, and now White turns up the heat! } 5. Qg4 Nxf2 6. Qxg7 Rf8 { White's invasion is more dangerous than Black's. } 7. Bg5 f6 8. exf6 d5 9. Be2 Bg4 { This minor nuisance can be dealt with in an obvious way. } 10. Bxg4 Nxg4 11. f7+ Rxf7 12. Qxf7+ Kxf7 13. Bxd8 Nf2 { Black has made far too many moves with this knight, which now moves into a position from which it will never escape. } 14. Bh4 Nxh1 15. Nf3 Nc6 16. Nbd2 Rg8 17. Kf1 d4 18. cxd4 Nxd4 19. Nxd4 Bxd4 20. Nf3 Bb6 21. Re1 h6 22. Re7+ Kf8 23. Ne5 Rg7 24. Nd7+ Kg8 25. Rxg7+ Kxg7 26. Nxb6 axb6 { White wins because Black's knight is trapped. Notice that this would be true even if the White king were far away, since the bishop on h4 controls all of the escape squares for the knight. } 27. g4 Kg6 28. Kg2 h5 29. h3 1-0
[Event "Paris Opera"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy"]
[Black "Duke of Brunswick & Count iso"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "33"]

1. e4 { This is another game against Royalty (see also Morphy-Lyttleton). The present game is better known, having been played at the Paris Opera during a performance of the Barber of Seville. Talk about distractions! } 1... e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Bg4 4. dxe5 Bxf3 5. Qxf3 dxe5 6. Bc4 Nf6 7. Qb3 Qe7 8. Nc3 { Given the  circumstances of the game, Morphy just didn't feel like capturing the pawn at b7. That would have taken the fun out of the game! } 8... c6 9. Bg5 b5 10. Nxb5 { That's more like it! Morphy sacrifices a knight for the b-pawn instead of capturing it for free at his 8th turn. } 10... cxb5 11. Bxb5+ Nbd7 12. O-O-O Rd8 { Both knights are pinned, and Morphy now trades one pin for another. } 13. Rxd7 Rxd7 14. Rd1 Qe6 15. Bxd7+ Nxd7 { Black has an extra piece, but White checkmates in two moves. If you can't find Morphy's brilliant finish on your own, continue on and let Gambit show you. Either way, it is a pleasant sight! } 16. Qb8+ Nxb8 17. Rd8# 1-0