Icannos/chess_studies huggingface dataset:
[Event "match game"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1936.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Van Scheltinga"]
[Black "de Groot"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "E94"]
[PlyCount "37"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Be2 e5 7. O-O Nfd7 8. Be3 Nc6 9. Qd2 exd4 10. Nxd4 Nxd4 11. Bxd4 Bxd4 12. Qxd4 Qf6 { Black's intenti
on was apparently to obtain a quick draw, or else by simplifying the position,
to minimize the inconvenience which his space disadvantage might cause.White's
next move, however, makes it clear that the foregoing moves have led only to a
weakening of the Black position. } 13. Qd2 $1 ( 13. Qxf6 Nxf6 ) 13... Qe5 $5 ( 13... c6 14. Rad1 ) ( 13... Nb6 ) 14. f4 $1 ( 14. Nd5 c6 $1 ) 14... Qc5+ 15. Kh1 Nf6 { Now it looks as though Black has solved all his problems } 16. b4 $3 ( 16. Nd5 Nxe4 ) 16... Qxb4 $2 { Losing outright } ( 16... Qc6 17. Qd4 { Black's in dire straits } ) 17. Qd4 $1 Kg7 ( 17... Nd7 18. Nd5 $18 ) 18. Nd5 Qc5 19. Qxf6+ { mates } 1-0
[Event "Leipzig"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1894.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch"]
[Black "Marco"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "C77"]
[PlyCount "73"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Bb4 6. Nd5 Be7 7. d3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. Nxf6+ $1 { Not every exchange is made just for the sake of trading down
some pieces. Tarrasch awards himself an exclamation mark - most probably
because Black would otherwise have made the exchange himself, and then, after .
.. Nb8, have advanced with ... Pf5 } 9... Bxf6 10. O-O Ne7 11. Be3 Ng6 12. d4 { Tarrach attached great importance to occupying the centre with pawns } 12... Bg4 13. h3 Bxf3 $2 { Black is too anxious to exchange pieces. The Bishop
should have been retired to e6 or d7, according to Tarrasch } ( 13... Be6 ) ( 13... Bd7 ) 14. Qxf3 Bg5 15. g3 { Preventing 15. ... Nf4 } 15... Bxe3 16. fxe3 $1 { Quite correct: the open f-file guarantees White an enduring initiative } 16... Kh8 17. Rf2 c6 18. Bb3 f6 19. Be6 Re8 { White can't play Pd5 since this would simply be met by ... Nf8 } ( 19... Qe7 20. d5 ) 20. Bf7 ( 20. d5 Nf8 ) 20... Re7 21. Bxg6 hxg6 { The results of the
respective strategies of both players is now clear: White's exchange at move 9
prepared to obtain a central space advantage, and that on the 21st move
weakened the Black King's position. Black also has exchanged twice, but his
13th move was only loss of time while his 15th gave White control of the
half-open f-file. We shall now see how Tarrasch develops his advantage } 22. h4 $1 { An important move, for otherwise Black would get a satisfactory pawn
structure by ... Pg5 } 22... Qe8 23. Re1 ( 23. -- exd4 ) 23... Kg8 24. Rd2 $1 { The purpose of this move is to prepare to play Pd5, so as to close the
centre before resuming with his Kingside attacking ideas } 24... Qf7 25. d5 c5 26. Rf1 Qe8 27. Rh2 { White's plan consists of Ph5 and then if ... Pg5, the breakthrough with Ph6 } 27... Rd8 28. Qg4 ( 28. h5 { premature } 28... gxh5 29. Rxh5 Qg6 $1 ) 28... b5 29. Kg2 ( 29. h5 g5 30. Qf5 Qd7 31. Qg6 Qg4 $132 ) 29... b4 30. c4 Qa4 31. h5 $1 ( 31. Qxg6 Qxa2 ) 31... g5 32. h6 Qc2+ 33. Rf2 Qxc4 34. hxg7 Kxg7 35. Qf5 Kg8 36. Qxf6 Qxe4+ 37. Kg1 1-0
[Event "Amsterdam"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1935.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Beem"]
[Black "Van Scheltinga"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "C50"]
[PlyCount "66"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. Be3 O-O 7. Bxc5 $2 { This move and White's next form an ill-motivated attempt to rapidly simplify
the game by exchanges } 7... dxc5 8. Nd5 Qd6 9. Nxf6+ Qxf6 { White's exchanges have only given Black the initiative } 10. h3 { White must prevent the pinning ... Bg4 } 10... Bd7 11. O-O Ne7 $1 { The Knight moves toward the Kingside to help in the attack } ( 11... Nd4 12. Nxd4 { only helps White's chances } ) 12. Nh2 Ng6 13. Ng4 Qg5 14. Qf3 Nf4 { Threatening to win a pawn with ... Ph5 } 15. Kh2 Kh8 16. Ne3 c6 { Otherwise White would force more exchanges by 17. Nd5 } 17. Rg1 Rad8 18. Rae1 Bc8 $1 19. g4 Rd6 { Very much to the point. Now the Rook is poised
to invade the Kingside with effect } 20. Nf5 ( 20. Ng2 Nxh3 $1 { White has the Trojan horse within his walls } ) 20... Bxf5 21. gxf5 Qh5 22. Qxh5 { White glady avails himself of the chance to exchange Queens as well.
This leads hims straight into a lost endings, as the Bishop is no match for
the Knight here. } ( 22. Qg3 g6 ) 22... Nxh5 23. Rg5 g6 24. fxg6 $2 ( 24. Reg1 ) 24... fxg6 25. Reg1 ( 25. Rxe5 Rxf2+ 26. Kg1 Rdf6 ) ( 25. Rg2 Rdf6 26. Kg1 Rf3 ) 25... b5 26. Bb3 Rxf2+ 27. R1g2 Rxg2+ 28. Kxg2 a5 29. a4 Nf4+ 30. Kg3 $2 ( 30. Kh2 c4 $1 ) 30... Nxd3 31. cxd3 Rxd3+ 32. Kf2 Rxb3 33. axb5 cxb5 0-1
[Event "San Sebastian"]
[Site "San Sebastian"]
[Date "1912.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Rubinstein"]
[Black "Schlechter"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "D41"]
[PlyCount "81"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4 8. cxd4 Bb4+ 9. Bd2 { As the opening comes to an end and the middlegame phase
begins one often has to decide whether or not to initiate exchanges. The
familiar rule that the side with less freedom of movement does well to seek to
seek exchanges is not infallible. In the present case White has a great
superiority in terrain and by the above mentioned rule Black should have
welcomed the exchange of Queens; but as we shall see, this is the very
exchange which favours White } 9... Qa5 $2 { Experience has shown best is Bxd2+ } ( 9... Bxd2+ 10. Qxd2 O-O 11. Bc4 Nc6 { even chances } ) 10. Rb1 $1 Bxd2+ ( 10... Nc6 11. Rxb4 Nxb4 12. Qb1 Qxa2 13. Qxa2 Nxa2 14. Bc4 $18 ) 11. Qxd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 $1 { Black's object has
been obtained, but it is White who is left with the advantage in development
sufficient to give him a powerful initiative } 12... O-O ( 12... Ke7 { Giving Black better chances of survival by keeping his King in the centre } ) 13. Bb5 $3 { An uncommonly fine move, the object of which is to force the
weakening which follows } 13... a6 { This is unavoidable if Black is to get his Queenside pieces out } 14. Bd3 Rd8 15. Rhc1 b5 { Permitting the invasion } ( 15... Nc6 16. Ke3 Kf8 17. Rb6 ) 16. Rc7 Nd7 17. Ke3 Nf6 18. Ne5 Bd7 19. g4 $1 { White begins the attack } 19... h6 ( 19... -- 20. g5 ) ( 19... g5 20. h4 h6 21. hxg5 hxg5 22. f4 gxf4+ 23. Kxf4 { Kmoch } ) ( 19... Be8 20. g5 Nh5 ( 20... Nd7 $2 21. Nc6 ) 21. Be2 f6 22. gxf6 gxf6 $2 ( 22... Nxf6 23. Rg1 g6 24. h4 $16 { White has both a positional advantage and Kingside attack as well } ) 23. Bxh5 fxe5 24. Bxe8 exd4+ 25. Kd3 Rxe8 26. Rg1+ Kh8 27. Kxd4 $1 ) 20. f4 Be8 21. g5 hxg5 22. fxg5 Nh7 ( 22... Nd7 23. Nc6 ) ( 22... Nh5 23. Be2 ) 23. h4 Rdc8 24. Rbc1 Rxc7 25. Rxc7 Rd8 26. Ra7 f6 ( 26... Rd6 27. Ra8 Kf8 28. Nxf7 $1 Kxf7 29. g6+ $1 $18 ) 27. gxf6 gxf6 28. Ng4 Bh5 29. Nh6+ Kh8 30. Be2 $1 { Taking advantage of the fact that Black's bishop is tied to the defence of f7 } 30... Be8 31. Rxa6 { This settles is. The rest is not difficult } 31... Kg7 32. Ng4 f5 33. Ra7+ Kh8 ( 33... Kg6 34. h5+ Kg5 35. Rg7+ Kh4 36. exf5 exf5 37. Nh6 Nf8 38. Nxf5+ Kh3 39. Bf1+ Kh2 40. Rg2+ Kh1 41. Ng3# ) 34. Ne5 fxe4 35. Bxb5 Nf6 36. Bxe8 Rxe8 37. Kf4 Kg8 38. Kg5 Rf8 39. Kg6 -- 40. Rg7+ Kh8 41. Nf7+ 1-0
[Event "Leeuwarden (blindfold)"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1933.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kmoch"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "B13"]
[PlyCount "63"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 cxd5 4. Bd3 Nc6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. c3 Nf6 7. Bf4 Qb6 8. Qb3 Qxb3 { This exchange plays into White's hands. The a-file is opened
for White's Rooks and Black's a-pawn becomes fatally weak } 9. axb3 e6 ( 9... Bxf3 { The bishop pair and the weakening of White's pawns will not affet the result } ) 10. Nbd2 Be7 11. b4 $1 O-O 12. b5 Nb8 13. Ra2 Nbd7 14. O-O Bd8 { To protect the a-pawn from b6 } 15. Bd6 Re8 16. Ne5 Nxe5 17. dxe5 Nd7 18. Nb3 Bb6 ( 18... f6 ) 19. Na5 Bxa5 20. Rxa5 Nb6 21. Rfa1 Nc8 22. b6 $1 Rd8 ( 22... Nxb6 23. Rxa7 Rxa7 24. Rxa7 Ra8 25. Rxb7 $1 ) ( 22... a6 23. Bxa6 $1 Rxa6 24. Rxa6 bxa6 25. b7 Nxd6 26. exd6 -- 27. Rxa6 ) 23. Bc7 Rd7 24. Bb5 Rxc7 { there is nothing better } 25. bxc7 Kf8 26. Bd7 a6 27. Rb5 $1 b6 28. Bxc8 Rxc8 29. Rxb6 Rxc7 30. Rbxa6 Be2 31. Ra8+ Ke7 32. R8a7 1-0
[Event "Beverwijk"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1961.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Wade"]
[Black "Kottnauer"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "D59"]
[PlyCount "84"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. e3 h6 7. Bh4 b6 8. cxd5 Nxd5 9. Bxe7 Qxe7 10. Rc1 Bb7 11. Be2 Rc8 12. O-O c5 { Black has obtained
a fully satisfactory game, but as of yet there is little significant play in
the position } 13. dxc5 { White decides to get rid of a few pieces, apparently
in the expectation of a quick draw } ( 13. Nxd5 exd5 14. dxc5 bxc5 ) 13... Rxc5 14. Qd2 Nxc3 15. Rxc3 Nd7 16. Rfc1 Rac8 17. Rxc5 Rxc5 18. Rxc5 Nxc5 { The first part of White's plan (the simplification) is successfuly completed.
The second part (the draw) is not going to be so easy  Black has several
microscopic advantages: a flight square for his King, control of e4 and a more
active placing of minor pieces } 19. h3 Bd5 20. Nd4 { Now Black can't capture
the a-pawn because of Pb4. White prefers this indirect protection of the
a-pawn to a3 } ( 20. a3 { weakens b3 } ) ( 20. b3 { Fixing a pawn to the same colour of the bishop and inviting ... Pa5-4 } ) 20... Ne4 21. Qc2 $2 ( 21. Qc1 Bxa2 22. Qc8+ Kh7 ( 22... Qf8 23. Qa6 ) 23. Qc2 f5 24. b3 ) 21... Qb4 $1 22. Bf3 ( 22. Kf1 Bxa2 ) ( 22. a3 Qe1+ 23. Bf1 Nd2 24. Qd3 Bc4 ) ( 22. Qb1 Nc3 23. a3 Qxd4 $1 ) ( 22. Nb3 Bxb3 23. axb3 Qe1+ 24. Bf1 Nd2 25. Qd3 Qc1 ) ( 22. Bd3 Qe1+ 23. Kh2 Nc5 ) ( 22. Bf1 $1 Qe1 23. Nf3 Qa1 24. a3 g6 25. Nh2 -- 26. f3 Nd6 27. Kf2 ) 22... Qe1+ 23. Kh2 Nd2 $1 { An unexpected move } ( 23... Nxf2 24. Bxd5 exd5 25. Qc8+ Kh7 26. Qf5+ $11 ) 24. Qc8+ ( 24. -- Nf1+ 25. Kg1 Nxe3+ ) ( 24. Kg3 Nf1+ 25. Kf4 g5+ 26. Kg4 Nxe3+ $1 ) 24... Kh7 25. Bxd5 Nf1+ 26. Kg1 Nxe3+ 27. Kh2 Nf1+ $1 ( 27... Nxd5 28. Qc2+ { Black is faced with a difficult technical task } ) 28. Kg1 Nd2+ 29. Kh2 Qe5+ 30. Kg1 Qxd4 $1 { Illustrating a fact that Capablanca
had pointed out - that in Queen endings a Knight cooperates better than a
bishop, especially when there is a chance of mating attack. Kottnauer's
conduct of this game prettily supplements our treatement of the subject of
liquidation } 31. Qc2+ g6 32. Qc7 Kg8 ( 32... exd5 33. Qxf7+ Qg7 34. Qxd5 Qxb2 35. Qd7+ $11 ) 33. Qc8+ Kg7 34. Bxe6 fxe6 35. Qxe6 Qd8 36. Qe5+ Kh7 37. Qf4 Qd7 38. h4 h5 39. b3 Nb1 40. Qb4 Qc7 41. g4 Nc3 42. g5 Qc5 0-1
[Event "Russia"]
[Site "Match, Moscow  (6)"]
[Date "1957.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Smyslov"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "D98"]
[PlyCount "55"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 dxc4 6. Qxc4 O-O 7. e4 Bg4 8. Be3 Nfd7 9. O-O-O Nc6 10. h3 Bxf3 11. gxf3 Nb6 12. Qc5 f5 13. Ne2 Qd6 14. e5 Qxc5+ { This gives White a big advantage in the ending } ( 14... Qd5 15. Nc3 ( 15. Qxd5+ Nxd5 16. Nc3 Nxe3 17. fxe3 f4 18. e4 Rad8 ) ( 15. b3 Rfd8 $1 ( 15... Qxf3 16. Nf4 ) 16. Nf4 Qxc5+ 17. dxc5 Rxd1+ 18. Kxd1 Nd7 19. Ne6 f4 $1 20. Bxf4 Ndxe5 ) ( 15. Kb1 Rad8 ( 15... Qxf3 16. Nc3 $1 Qxh1 $2 17. Bc4+ ) 16. Bg2 Qxc5 17. dxc5 Nd5 18. f4 e6 19. Bxd5 Rxd5 20. Nc3 Rxd1+ 21. Rxd1 a6 22. a3 Rd8 23. Rxd8+ Nxd8 ) 15... Qxc5 16. dxc5 f4 $1 17. cxb6 fxe3 18. bxc7 Bxe5 { good play for Black } ) 15. dxc5 Nc4 16. f4 Rfd8 17. Bg2 Nxe3 18. fxe3 { Now White has clear positional advantages: his Bishop is active while
Black's is shut in, and White controls all the good squares in the centre. For
our purposes the rest of the game is relatively less important } 18... Nb4 19. Bxb7 Rab8 20. c6 $1 Kf7 21. Nd4 e6 22. Nb5 Nd5 23. Rxd5 $1 exd5 24. Nxc7 Rdc8 25. Bxc8 Rxc8 26. Nxd5 Rxc6+ 27. Kd2 Ke6 28. Nc3 1-0
[Event "Zuerich"]
[Site "Zuerich"]
[Date "1953.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Euwe"]
[Black "Averbakh"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[FEN "r5nk/4nrpp/1q2b3/3p1pQN/p1pPP3/PpP2P2/1B2R1PP/RB4K1 w - - 0 24"]
[PlyCount "32"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Black has a Queenside majority, while White has a central majority. Black's
protected passed pawn at b3 can be a strong asste, but for the time being it
is securely blockaded. White's central pawn position is, on the other hand, in
a dynamic state and hence White currently holds the initiative } 24. exf5 { This move nad White's next are not merely unmotivated exchanges, for White
must find a way to free his Queenside pieces } 24... Bxf5 25. Bxf5 Nxf5 26. Rae1 { Controls the open e-file } ( 26. Re5 { avoiding the exchange of Queens
and playing for attack instead, might have been the best idea. } ) 26... Qd8 { Forcing the exchange } 27. Qxd8 ( 27. Qd2 Qh4 28. Nf4 Nxd4 ) 27... Rxd8 28. Re8 $2 { This leads to the exchange of all Rooks, after whch Black suddenly
finds himself better off } ( 28. Re6 { White is able to attack the enemy pawns from behind } ) 28... Rxe8 29. Rxe8 Re7 $1 { This move had been overlooked by White in his previous
calculations. He must now permit the exchange of his other Rook, for otherwise
Black will play ... Re2 } 30. Rxe7 Ngxe7 31. Kf2 Kg8 32. g4 Nd6 33. Ke3 Nb5 { One Black Knight has taken up an ideal post, and it is becoming clear
that in this minor piece ending Black's protected passed pawn is a formidable
factor } 34. f4 $2 { Understandably striving to advance his Kingside majority
as rapidly as possible, but creating an incurable weakness at e4, which in
turn enables his opponent to strengthen his game decisively } ( 34. Nf4 -- 35. Ne2 ) 34... Nc8 35. f5 Ncd6 36. Nf4 Nxa3 $1 { Thus Black creates a pair of united passed pawns on the extreme Queen's flank } 37. Bxa3 Nb5 38. Bc1 Nxc3 39. Ne2 ( 39. Kd2 Nb1+ 40. Kd1 a3 $19 ) 39... Nb1 0-1
[Event "Kissingen"]
[Site "Bad"]
[Date "1928.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "Mieses"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "D63"]
[PlyCount "65"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Rc1 a6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Qb3 c6 10. Bd3 Nh5 $6 { The usual procedure in this sort of
position, as seen in Chapter 14, is for both sides to initiate minority
attacks - White by Pb4-b5, and Black by ... Pf5-f4. From this point of view
the text moves seems to be strategically correct as teh f-pawn is no longer
blocked. It soon becomes clear, however, that Black does not have a minority
attack in mind; he is instead playing for exchanges } 11. Bxe7 Qxe7 12. O-O Nhf6 { Thus Black has lost two moves in order to exchange his good Bishop
for White's bad one. } ( 12... f5 { strategically correct move } 13. -- g6 ) 13. Na4 Ne4 14. Bxe4 Qxe4 ( 14... dxe4 15. Nd2 Nf6 ( 15... Kh8 $1 ) 16. Nc5 Rd8 17. Nc4 $16 ) 15. Qb4 $1 { After his move Black will sorely miss his dark squared
Bishop which he spent precious time in exchanging off! The dark squares in his
position are now painfully weak } 15... Qg6 ( 15... f6 16. Nd2 Qe6 17. Nb3 Re8 18. Nbc5 Nxc5 19. Nxc5 Qe7 ) 16. Qe7 f6 17. Rc3 Qe8 { Seeking further simplification } 18. Qd6 Rf7 19. Rfc1 Qf8 20. Qxf8+ Kxf8 { Black is distincly uncomfortable } ( 20... Nxf8 21. Nb6 Rb8 22. Nxd5 ) 21. Ne1 $1 { The Knight head for Black's besieged Queenside, where the decision is
bound to come } 21... Ke8 22. Nd3 Rb8 ( 22... b5 23. Rxc6 Bb7 24. Rc7 ) 23. f3 Re7 24. Kf2 Nf8 25. Rb3 Nd7 { Black's joy was brief } ( 25... -- 26. Rxc6 ) ( 25... Bd7 26. Nac5 -- 27. Nxa6 ) 26. g4 b5 { Black weakens his position still more; but what was he to do? } 27. Nac5 Nb6 { Now, too late, Black discovers that exchanging does not relieve his troubles } ( 27... Nxc5 28. Rxc5 Bb7 29. Ra3 Ra8 30. Ra5 Rc7 31. Nb4 Kd7 32. Rc3 -- 33. Rca3 $18 ) 28. Nb4 { What follows now is not pretty } 28... Bb7 29. Nxb7 Rbxb7 30. Rxc6 a5 31. Rxb6 axb4 32. Rxb7 Rxb7 33. Rxb4 1-0
[Event "Karlsruhe"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1939.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bogolyubov"]
[Black "Hussong"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "A47"]
[PlyCount "31"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. e3 Bb7 4. Bd3 d6 5. Nbd2 Nbd7 6. e4 e5 7. c3 Be7 8. Qe2 O-O 9. Nf1 d5 10. Nxe5 Nxe5 11. dxe5 Nxe4 12. Ng3 Nc5 13. O-O Qd7 14. Nf5 Nxd3 $2 15. Qg4 { Suddenly there is no defense to Qxg7+ and Nh6+ } 15... -- 16. Qxg7# ( 16. Nh6+ Kh8 17. Qxd7 ) 1-0
[Event "Regensburg"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1887.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bachmann"]
[Black "Fiechtl"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "C67"]
[PlyCount "29"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Re1 Nd6 6. Nxe5 Nxe5 $2 { Black is determind to exchange everything } ( 6... Be7 ) 7. Rxe5+ Be7 8. Nc3 Nxb5 $2 { Continuing the same tactics. He should have castled } 9. Nd5 $1 d6 ( 9... O-O 10. Nxe7+ Kh8 11. Qh5 -- 12. Qxh7+ Kxh7 13. Rh5# ) 10. Rxe7+ Kf8 11. Qf3 f6 12. d3 c6 ( 12... f5 13. Qh5 Qxe7 14. Nxe7 Kxe7 15. Bg5+ ) 13. Qxf6+ $1 gxf6 14. Bh6+ Kg8 15. Nxf6# 1-0
[Event "Zurich"]
[Site "Zurich"]
[Date "1953.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Szabo"]
[Black "Reshevsky"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "47: Eagerness to Exchange Pieces"]
[ECO "D42"]
[PlyCount "54"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e3 Nc6 7. Bd3 Nxc3 8. bxc3 Be7 9. Qc2 g6 10. h4 h5 11. Rb1 Rb8 12. Be4 Qc7 13. O-O Bd7 14. d5 exd5 15. Bxd5 Bf6 16. Ng5 Nd8 17. c4 Bc6 18. Ne4 Bg7 19. Bb2 O-O { We end this
chapter with an astonishing example showing that even world class masters may
be troubled by over eagerness to exchange. In this example it amouns to chess
blindness. This seems to have been a bad day for both these Grandmasters; it
occasionally happens to all of us. At times like this we know we are likely to
make wrong decisions at critical moments, and for want of inspiration it is
only natural to make exchanges automatically .Such must have been the
circumstances which produced the following remarkable sequence of moves } 20. Nf6+ Bxf6 $2 21. Bxf6 ( 21. Qxg6+ Bg7 22. Qxg7# ) 21... Bxd5 $2 { He has spotted the mate threat } 22. cxd5 Qd6 23. Qc3 Qxd5 24. Rfd1 Qf5 25. e4 Qe6 26. Bg7 b6 27. Bxf8 ( 27. Bh6 $1 f6 28. Qg3 { White would win a whole Rook } ) 27... Kxf8 1/2-1/2
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1924.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tartakower"]
[Black "Lasker"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "A20"]
[PlyCount "98"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. c4 e5 2. a3 Nf6 3. e3 Be7 4. Qc2 O-O 5. Nc3 d6 6. Nf3 Re8 7. Be2 Bf8 8. O-O Nc6 9. d4 Bg4 10. d5 Ne7 11. h3 Bd7 12. Nh2 Qc8 13. e4 Ng6 { The pawn form
ation suggests a Queenside attack by White based on Pb4 and eventually Pc5.
Black's plan, on the other hand, should be the advance of ... Pf5, with
Kingside attacking chances. } 14. f4 $5 { This advance is normally
anti-positional since after ... exf4 Black obtains a strong outpost square on
e5 and the half-open e-file with which to press on the now backward e-pawn.
However, this position is exceptional in that White can "get away" with the
usually anti-positional advance Pf4. This is because he will obtain strong
pressure on the newly opened f-file, whic, in conjunction with the
concentration of his minor pieces on or near the Black Kingside, will provide
enough pressure to compensate for the aforementioned positional liabilities.
In this game Tartakower utilizes these factors well, until a critical moment
when he misses a chance for a double exchange sacrifice which would have
forced Black to work hard to achieve a draw. Having missed his chance he winds
up in a seriously compromised position, which Lasker quickly exploits to his
advantage } 14... exf4 15. Bxf4 Nxf4 16. Rxf4 Be7 $1 { Showing a very
fine positional sense. The weakening of e5, consequent to the advance 14. Pf4,
has givven Black the chance to occupy the outpost at e5. The purpose of the
text move is to prepare to occupy e5 by a coordinated sequence of moves.
Incidentally, the text also prevents the possibility of White pushing Pe4-e5 } 17. Raf1 ( 17. Nf3 Nh5 { White loses the exchange } ) 17... Rf8 18. Qd3 Be8 19. Qg3 $2 { After this Black is able to occupy e5 and repulse
White's attack. As Tartakower later commented, he and a group of strong Berlin
players analyzing this positoin found that a brilliant double exchange
sacrifice would have maintained the pressure and force Black to defend
resourcefully to hold the game } ( 19. Rxf6 $3 Bxf6 20. Rxf6 $1 gxf6 { Black's shattered Kingisde must be defended with great care. Their
analysis is very long so we omit it here, merely contenting ourselves with
pointing out the proper culmination of White's pressure on the f-file } ) 19... Qd8 20. Nd1 Nd7 21. Ne3 { now Black wins material } ( 21. Nf3 Bf6 { Black retains a definite positional grip } ) 21... Bg5 22. Rg4 f6 23. Qf2 ( 23. -- h5 ) 23... h5 24. Rg3 h4 $1 ( 24... Bh4 25. Rxg7+ $1 Kxg7 26. Qxh4 ) 25. Rg4 Bh5 { White's attack has been thorougly refuted } 26. Nf5 Bxg4 27. Nxg4 Qe8 28. Bf3 Ne5 29. Nxe5 Qxe5 30. Nxh4 Bxh4 31. Qxh4 f5 32. exf5 Rxf5 33. Re1 Qxb2 34. Bg4 Qd4+ 35. Kh2 Raf8 36. Qe7 Qf4+ 37. Kh1 Re5 38. Rxe5 dxe5 39. Qxc7 e4 40. Qe7 Qf6 41. Qxb7 Qa1+ 42. Kh2 Qe5+ 43. Kg1 Rb8 44. Qd7 Rb1+ 45. Kf2 e3+ 46. Ke2 Rb2+ 47. Ke1 Qc3+ 48. Kf1 Qc1+ 49. Bd1 Qxd1# 0-1
[Event "Portoroz"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1958.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Cardoso"]
[Black "Benko"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "B57"]
[PlyCount "79"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bc4 Qb6 7. Nb3 e6 8. O-O Be7 9. Be3 Qc7 10. f4 O-O 11. g4 $2 { This sharp advance repeatedly occurs
in similar positions in the Sicilian. In this case, however, it is premature.
The attack has point when it leads to the opening of a file by Pg5 (eg. Black
has played ... Ph6 and White has castled on the other side) or when it
succeeds in driving back the enemy pieces. Even in such cases it needs very
careful preparation, for the advance Pg4-g5 is bound to create weaknesses in
one's own camp. A sudden counterattack may prove devastating, and in practise
this is quite frequently what happens } 11... d5 $1 { Hitting the nail on the head } 12. Bd3 ( 12. exd5 Nb4 13. Be2 Nbxd5 { the Black counterattack is in full swing } ) 12... dxe4 13. Nxe4 Nd5 14. Bd2 a5 { Black has completely take over the initiative; and it is now clear
that White was only beating air with Pg4 } 15. c3 Rd8 16. g5 a4 17. Nc1 Qb6+ 18. Kh1 Ne3 ( 18... Qxb2 { Black prefers to concentrate logically on the
weaknesses which White 's unjustified attack has created } ) 19. Bxe3 Qxe3 20. Qf3 Qxf3+ 21. Rxf3 b6 $1 22. Bc2 Bb7 23. Ne2 Na5 24. N2g3 ( 24. b3 axb3 25. axb3 Nxb3 $1 26. Rxa8 Bxa8 27. Bxb3 Bxe4 $19 ) 24... Nc4 25. Rd1 ( 25. b3 axb3 26. axb3 Nd2 ) 25... Rxd1+ 26. Bxd1 Nxb2 27. Be2 Bd5 28. f5 exf5 29. Rxf5 Bxa2 30. Rb5 a3 31. Nf5 Bc4 $1 { So strong is the passed a-pawn now that Black can cooly permit Nxe7+ } 32. Bxc4 Nxc4 33. Rb1 a2 34. Ra1 Bc5 35. Nd4 Ne3 36. Nb3 Nc2 37. Ned2 Nxa1 38. Nxa1 Rd8 39. Ndb3 h5 40. g6 0-1
[Event "Zurich"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1961.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bhend"]
[Black "Petrosian"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "B85"]
[PlyCount "58"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 e6 6. Be2 a6 7. O-O Qc7 8. a4 Nc6 9. Kh1 Be7 10. f4 O-O 11. Nb3 b6 12. Bf3 Bb7 13. Qd2 Rab8 14. g4 { This position is similar to the previous, but the advance of Pg4 is much
better prepared. Only the White Queen is rather misplaced, blocking Bc1; but
this is a temporary matter and White can now bring the Queen to f2 or g2 } 14... d5 $5 { Black could hardly have reckoned out all the detailed
consequences of this move. The fact that White's Queen is at present hampering
his development, and the fact that the weakening of his Kingside by Pg4 may
prove to be serious were probably the considerations which most influenced him
in choosing this dynamic pawn sacrifice } 15. exd5 Nb4 16. dxe6 Bxf3+ 17. Rxf3 Qb7 { Just as in the previous game the long diagonal plays an important part } 18. Kg2 ( 18. Qg2 Nxc2 $1 19. Rb1 Ne1 $19 ) 18... Nxg4 19. Qe2 f5 20. Nd1 { White's first task is to drive back the enemy cavalry by c3 and Nf2 } 20... Rf6 $1 ( 20... -- 21. c3 Nc6 22. Nf2 ) 21. c3 Rg6 $1 { Extraordinarily
well conceived. If the White King now gives up his protection of the Rook by
22. Kh1 the Black Knight will penetrate into the White's game with decisive
power via c2 } 22. cxb4 ( 22. -- ) ( 22. Kh1 Nc2 $1 ) 22... Ne5+ 23. Kf2 Bh4+ 24. Rg3 Ng4+ 25. Kg1 ( 25. Kf1 Bxg3 26. hxg3 Qh1# ) 25... Bxg3 26. hxg3 Qd5 $1 27. Ra3 ( 27. e7 Re8 ) 27... Rh6 { Black makes it clear why he
interpolated with ... Qd5!, for White can't play Qg2 for ... Qxe1+ } 28. Nf2 ( 28. Qg2 Qxd1+ ) 28... Nxf2 29. Qxf2 ( 29. Kxf2 Rh2+ ) 29... Qh1# 0-1
[Event "Hastings"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1946.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Van-Steenis"]
[Black "Wechsler"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "C10"]
[PlyCount "13"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. exd5 Qxd5 5. Qg4 Ne7 6. Qxg7 Qe4+ 7. Kd1 $1 { Now suddenly Black finds not only his Rook en-prise but also his Queen as well } ( 7. Ne2 Rg8 ) 1-0
[Event "Bled"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1961.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Filip"]
[Black "Darga"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[FEN "2b3k1/1q5p/3Qpp2/p7/8/4P1P1/P4P1P/3R2K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "14"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. Qd8+ { This obvious check is not an error, it is the quickest way to win } 1... Kg7 2. h4 { This still wins, but White is afraid of a few checks which a
level headed examination would show to be quite harmless } ( 2. Rc1 Bd7 3. Rc7 Qb1+ 4. Kg2 Qe4+ 5. f3 { Black has run out of checks } ) 2... Qf3 $1 3. Rc1 Bb7 { Threatening mate and still "hanging in there". Black is still lost though } 4. Rc7+ Kg6 5. Qg8+ Kf5 6. Qxh7+ $4 { This checks is not necessary, it is suicide } ( 6. g4+ Ke5 7. Rc5+ Kd6 8. Qf8+ Kd7 9. Qf7+ Kd8 10. Qc7+ Ke8 11. Qb8+ Kd7 12. Rc7+ ) 6... Kg4 $1 7. Rxb7 ( 7. Qg6+ Kh3 ) 7... Kh3 { Mate cannot be stopped } 0-1
[Event "Vienna"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1873.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Anderssen"]
[Black "Bird"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[FEN "r7/pp1k1ppp/2pb4/8/B2P4/2Pb1PPq/P6P/R1B1Q1K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "25"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d5 $2 { A serious mistake } 1... Bc5+ $2 { This check is useless and allows White to regain the attack } ( 1... Re8 2. dxc6+ Kc7 3. Be3 Bc5 $1 $19 ) 2. Kh1 b5 ( 2... Re8 3. dxc6+ Kc7 4. Bf4+ { The difference being that the White Bishop doesn't get pinned } ) 3. Bf4 $1 { Taking full advantage of Black's error on the first move } 3... Qh5 ( 3... bxa4 4. Qe5 Rc8 5. d6 Re8 6. Qxc5 Re2 7. Qxa7+ Ke6 8. Qg1 $18 ) ( 3... Re8 4. dxc6+ $18 ) 4. dxc6+ Kxc6 5. Bd1 Rd8 6. a4 $1 { Now the position is broken open and
the Black King finds himself in the line of fire } 6... Qd5 7. axb5+ Bxb5 8. Kg2 g5 9. Bc2 Kb6 10. c4 { The complement to White's 6th move } 10... Qd7 11. Qa5+ Kb7 12. Be4+ Bc6 13. Qa6+ 1-0
[Event "New Orleans-Wch"]
[Site "New Orleans-Wch"]
[Date "1927.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Spielmann"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[FEN "2bqk2r/r3bpn1/2n1p3/pp1pP1Np/2pP3P/2P2PN1/PPB3Q1/R1B1K1R1 w Qk - 0 19"]
[PlyCount "46"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

19. Nxf7 $5 { A correct sacrifice according to Alekhine. However, there is a
more convincing first move for White; the accurate course begins with Ke2
after which the Knight sacrifice will occur with increased effect } ( 19. Ke2 $1 -- 20. Nh7 -- 21. Nf6+ ) 19... Kxf7 { The first Knight sacrifice
was good enough, but this second one is certainly not. The capture of the
h-pawn is all the more curious in view of the several good alternatives White
had available. } 20. Nxh5 ( 20. Bg6+ ) ( 20. Ne4 ) ( 20. Nf5 ) ( 20. Ne2 { Alekhine } 20... Bxh4+ 21. Kd1 Kg8 22. Nf4 Rf7 23. Ng6 Be7 24. Nxh8 Kxh8 25. Qg6 $1 $18 ) 20... Bxh4+ 21. Ke2 Nxh5 22. Bg6+ Ke7 23. Bxh5 Kd7 $1 { Black's method
brings his King into safety, and leaves hims with a winning superiority in
material } ( 23... Rxh5 24. Qg7+ Ke8 25. Qg6+ { Spielmann had only reckoned with this continuation } ) 24. Qg7+ Be7 25. Bf7 Rh2+ 26. Kd1 Kc7 27. Bf4 Rxb2 28. Qh7 Kb6 29. Rg8 Qc7 30. Qh8 Nd8 31. Bg6 Rg2 ( 31... b4 ) 32. Qh1 Rxg6 33. Rxg6 b4 34. Rg7 Qc6 35. Qh8 Qa4+ 36. Ke1 Nc6 $1 { Black returns the extra piece in the interests of a rapidly decisive
counterattack } 37. Qxc8 Bh4+ 38. Bg3 Rxg7 39. Bxh4 Qc2 40. Bd8+ Nxd8 41. Qb8+ ( 41. Qxd8+ Kb7 $19 ) 41... Nb7 0-1
[Event "The Hague"]
[Site "Wch18-NLD\URS The Hague  ;MAI"]
[Date "1948.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Euwe"]
[Black "Smyslov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[FEN "3b2n1/1q3p1k/6pp/np2N3/2bBPN2/1pP4P/4QPP1/1B4K1 w - - 0 33"]
[PlyCount "20"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ In this positon White has the following straightforward win } 33. Nexg6 { This sacrifice is also correct, and incidentally more attractive than the
above method } ( 33. Qg4 Nf6 34. Qg3 Nxe4 35. Qe3 { Whether Black
retreats the knight or protects it with ... Pf5, the replay 4. Nexg6 is
crushing - Smyslov } ) 33... fxg6 ( 33... Bxe2 34. Nf8# ) 34. Nxg6 $2 { Just as in the previous example it is the second Knight sacrifice which is
wrong } ( 34. Qg4 $1 Qf7 ( 34... Ne7 35. e5 Bf7 36. h4 $1 Qc6 37. e6 Be8 38. h5 $18 ) ( 34... Bf7 35. e5 Bg5 36. e6 Bxf4 ( 36... Be8 37. Nxg6 Bxg6 38. Qf5 $1 Qg7 39. Qf7 $3 Qxf7 40. exf7 Bxb1 41. f8=N# $1 ) 37. Qxf4 Bxe6 38. Qe5 $18 ) ( 34... Bg5 35. Nxg6 Kxg6 36. Qf5+ Kh5 37. g4+ Kh4 38. Qe5 ) 35. e5 Ne7 36. e6 Qe8 37. Nh5 Ng8 38. Ng7 { Black's Queenn must give up protection of g6 } ) 34... Kxg6 ( 34... Qf7 35. Nf8+ ( 35. Qd1 $1 Qxg6 36. e5 ) 35... Qxf8 36. e5+ Kh8 37. Qe4 Qg7 38. e6 Nf6 $1 ) 35. e5+ Kf7 36. Qh5+ Kf8 37. f4 ( 37. Bc5+ Be7 38. Qf5+ Ke8 39. Qg6+ Bf7 ) 37... Bb6 38. Qf5+ Ke7 39. Qh7+ { Very fine } 39... Kd8 40. Bxb6+ ( 40. Qxb7 Bxd4+ { interpolating before recapturing } ) 40... Qxb6+ 41. Kh2 Qe3 42. Qf5 Nc6 0-1
[Event "Beverwijk"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1946.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kramer"]
[Black "O'Kelly"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[FEN "7r/pp2qp1p/1r5k/2pBPp1P/2Pn1P2/P5R1/7Q/6RK w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "16"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The main theme of this position involves a Rook sacrifice on g6. } 1. Rg6+ $2 ( 1. Bxf7 $3 { Kmoch } 1... Qxf7 ( 1... Nf3 2. Rxf3 Qxf7 3. Qh4 $1 ) ( 1... -- 2. Rg6+ Rxg6 ( 2... hxg6 3. hxg6+ Kg7 4. Qxh8+ $1 Kxh8 5. g7+ Kh7 6. g8=Q+ $18 ) 3. hxg6+ Kg7 4. gxh7+ $18 Kxf7 5. Qh6 ) 2. Qh4 Ne6 3. Rg6+ $18 ) 1... fxg6 $1 2. hxg6+ Kg7 3. gxh7+ Rg6 $1 { White had not forseen this } ( 3... Kf8 4. Rg8+ { The continuation White considered } ) 4. Rxg6+ Kxg6 5. Bg8 Kg7 6. Qg2+ Kf8 7. Qh3 Qg7 8. Qh4 Qg1+ $1 0-1
[Event "England"]
[Site "It, Hastings"]
[Date "1962.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Littlewood"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "B75"]
[PlyCount "56"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7. f3 a6 8. Bc4 b5 9. Bb3 Bb7 10. Qd2 Nbd7 11. O-O-O Nc5 12. Kb1 Nxb3 13. cxb3 O-O 14. Bh6 Bxh6 15. Qxh6 b4 16. e5 ( 16. Nd5 Nxd5 17. exd5 Bxd5 18. Nf5 gxf5 19. Rxd5 e6 20. Rxd6 $1 Qxd6 21. Qg5+ Kh8 22. Qf6+ $11 { Flohr } ) 16... Nd7 17. h4 ( 17. exd6 bxc3 ( 17... e5 $1 ) 18. Nf5 gxf5 19. Qg5+ Kh8 20. dxe7 ) 17... bxc3 18. h5 dxe5 19. hxg6 ( 19. Ne6 fxe6 20. hxg6 c2+ 21. Kxc2 Qc7+ 22. Kb1 Nf6 ) 19... Nf6 20. bxc3 { It is not always easy to demonstrate than an attack is premature } ( 20. Nf5 c2+ { Black's defence is based on this finesse } ) 20... exd4 21. gxh7+ Kh8 22. Rxd4 Qa5 23. Qe3 Nd5 24. Qd2 Nxc3+ 25. Ka1 Rad8 26. Rc1 Qxa2+ 27. Qxa2 Nxa2 28. Rxd8 Rxd8 0-1
[Event "Bled"]
[Site "Bled"]
[Date "1959.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tal"]
[Black "Keres"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "B19"]
[PlyCount "68"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Bf5 5. Ng3 Bg6 6. h4 h6 7. Nf3 Nd7 8. Bd3 Bxd3 9. Qxd3 Ngf6 10. Bf4 Qa5+ 11. c3 e6 12. O-O Be7 13. Rfe1 O-O 14. Nf5 Rfe8 { In this position White has a simple was to secure a slight space advantage } 15. Nxg7 $5 { This sacrifice must be considered unsound, but the refutation is
not easy to find } ( 15. Nxe7+ Rxe7 16. Bd6 Ree8 17. Ne5 { in view of Black's solid position it would not lead to much } ) 15... Kxg7 16. Ne5 Rh8 ( 16... -- 17. Qg3+ Kh7 18. Nxf7 { with at least three pawns for the sacrificed piece } ) 17. Qh3 { Now threatening
to decisively strengthen the attack by sacrificing the second Knight at f7 } 17... Rh7 $1 ( 17... Raf8 18. Qg3+ Kh7 19. Qd3+ $11 { perpetual check } ( 19. Bxh6 Kxh6 20. Qg5+ Kh7 21. Nxd7 Qxg5 22. Nxf8+ ) ) 18. c4 ( 18. Nxf7 Kxf7 19. Qxe6+ Kf8 20. Bxh6+ Rxh6 21. Qxe7+ Kg8 { The attack is spent } ) 18... Nf8 19. Rad1 Rd8 20. Bd2 Qb6 21. Bc3 Kg8 22. Re3 Ne8 23. Rg3+ ( 23. -- f6 ) 23... Ng7 24. Rdd3 f6 25. Ng6 Nxg6 26. Rxg6 Kf7 27. h5 Qa6 { The counterattack begins } 28. b3 Qxa2 29. d5 { The last fling } 29... cxd5 30. cxd5 Rxd5 31. Rxd5 exd5 32. Qd3 ( 32. -- Nxh5 33. Qxh5 Qb1+ 34. Kh2 Qxg6 ) 32... Qa6 33. Qxd5+ Qe6 34. Qf3 Rh8 0-1
[Event "Match Game"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "10"]
[White "Botvinnik"]
[Black "Bronstein"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "E17"]
[PlyCount "78"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 b6 4. g3 Bb7 5. Bg2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. b3 d5 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bb2 Nbd7 10. Nc3 Re8 11. Ne5 Bf8 12. Rc1 { This pawn sacrifice is not
without basis: White reckons on seriously weakening Black's castled position } 12... Nxe5 13. dxe5 Rxe5 14. Nb5 Re7 15. Bxf6 gxf6 16. e4 $2 { Ill judged } ( 16. Qd4 $1 c6 17. Qg4+ Bg7 18. Nd4 { Good chances for White } ) 16... dxe4 17. Qg4+ Bg7 18. Rfd1 Qf8 { Bronstein gives back one of his two extra
pawns. This is a first principle of good defense } 19. Nd4 Bc8 20. Qh4 f5 21. Nc6 ( 21. Bh3 Bxd4 22. Rxd4 Be6 23. Rxc7 $1 Rxc7 24. Qg5+ Qg7 25. Rd8+ ) 21... Re8 22. Bh3 Bh6 23. Rc2 e3 24. fxe3 Bxe3+ 25. Kh1 Be6 26. Bg2 a5 27. Bf3 Kh8 28. Nd4 Rad8 29. Rxc7 ( 29. Qf6+ Qg7 30. Qxg7+ Kxg7 31. Nxe6+ fxe6 32. Rxc7+ Kf6 $1 { Despite the presence of opposite coloured Bishops,
Black has good winning chances } ) ( 29. Nxe6 Rxd1+ 30. Bxd1 Rxe6 { Black must win in the long run } ) 29... Bd5 $1 30. Re1 ( 30. Qf6+ Kg8 ) ( 30. Rf1 Qd6 31. Nxf5 Bxf3+ 32. Rxf3 Qd1+ 33. Kg2 Rd2+ 34. Kh3 Rxh2+ $1 35. Kxh2 Qg1+ 36. Kh3 Qh1+ 37. Kg4 Rg8+ 38. Kh5 Rg5+ 39. Kh6 Rxg3+ 40. Rxe3 Rg6+ 41. Kh5 Qd1+ ) 30... Qd6 31. Rc2 ( 31. Rc3 f4 $1 ( 31... Re4 32. Rcxe3 Rxh4 33. Re8+ Kg7 34. Nxf5+ ) ) 31... Re4 $1 32. Bxe4 Bxe4+ 33. Qxe4 fxe4 34. Nf5 Qb4 35. Rxe3 Rd1+ 36. Kg2 Rd2+ 37. Rxd2 Qxd2+ 38. Kh3 Qf2 39. Kg4 f6 { Depriving t
he White King of g5, and so threatening ... Ph5+ removing the guard of Nf5 } 0-1
[Event "Leeuwarden"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1941.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Van den Bosch"]
[Black "Kramer"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[ECO "D00"]
[EventDate "1941.??.??"]
[PlyCount "48"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 c6 5. Qd2 Bg7 6. Bh6 O-O 7. h4 Bf5 { Black's opening play has been risky, and his task now would not be easy if
White proceeded with 8. Ne5! followed by Pf3 and Pg4 } 8. O-O-O $6 { This is much too venturesome } ( 8. Ne5 -- 9. f3 -- 10. g4 ) 8... Bxh6 9. Qxh6 Ng4 10. Qd2 Nxf2 11. e4 Nxh1 ( 11... Nxe4 12. Nxe4 dxe4 ( 12... Bxe4 13. Qh6 ) 13. Ne5 { strong White attack } ) 12. Qh6 ( 12. exf5 Ng3 { Black would have no difficulty } ) 12... f6 13. exf5 Qe8 14. h5 { The idea of this pawn sacrifice is to keep the Black Queen away from g6 } 14... gxh5 ( 14... gxf5 15. Qf4 e6 16. Nh4 -- 17. Be2 { winning the Black Knight } ) 15. Ne4 $5 { A new sacrifice  At the same time
White deprives the outlying Black knight of its escape squares, and also
threatens 16. Nc5. Decidedly a many-sided move } 15... Nd7 ( 15... dxe4 16. Bc4+ Kh8 17. Nh4 Rg8 18. Bxg8 Kxg8 19. Rxh1 ) 16. Bc4 $5 { It is rare indeed for a player to "fork himself" in this way } 16... dxc4 17. Rxh1 Qf7 18. Rh3 { with the aim of preventing ... Qg7 } 18... Kh8 19. Nh4 Rg8 20. Ng6+ Rxg6 21. fxg6 Qxg6 22. Qe3 Qxg2 { The attack is broken and
Black's advantage in material must win th e game. "Sacrificing is easy enough",
a chess master once remarked, "the problem is how to win your material back!" } 23. Rxh5 Rg8 24. Nf2 Qf1+ 0-1
[Event "St Petersburg"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1909.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Schlechter"]
[Black "Salwe"]
[Result "*"]
[Annotator "46: Eagerness to Checkmate"]
[FEN "r4rk1/2q1npp1/R2pbn1p/1pp1p3/3PP3/2P1NN2/1PBQ1PPP/4R1K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "17"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The unsoundness of a sacrifice is not by any means always easy to prove. } 1. dxe5 Rxa6 ( 1... dxe5 2. Qd6 Qxd6 3. Rxd6 Ra2 { Tarrasch } ) ( 1... Nxe4 $1 2. Bxe4 Rxa6 3. exd6 Rxd6 $17 { Lasker } ) 2. exf6 gxf6 3. Nd5 Bxd5 4. exd5 Kg7 5. Nh4 Re8 6. h3 Qd8 7. Re3 Ng6 8. Nf5+ Kf8 9. Re6 { White scored an
impressive win, which receive the first brilliancy prize of the tournament 
 Tarrasch appended the move ... Rxa6 a question mark: "this is greediness. It
is self evident that Black should not accept this exchange sacrifice, for it
leaves his Kingside broken open and gives White a powerful attack"  Lasker
sees it differently: "The introduction to a combination which received the
brilliancy prize. This, however, was a dubious award. It is clear enough that
after ... Rxa6 White will lay the Black Kingside in ruins by 2. exf6. This
makes Black Nf6 a deparado" } *
[Event "New York"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1927.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Marshall"]
[Black "Vidmar"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "48: Obsession with the Draw"]
[ECO "C49"]
[PlyCount "32"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 Bxc3 7. bxc3 d6 8. Bg5 Qe7 9. Bxc6 bxc6 10. Rb1 h6 11. Bxf6 Qxf6 12. Qe2 Qe6 13. Nh4 { This offer
f the a-pawn is unsound, and as such could have been placed in the the
previous chapter.  Marshall's decision to offer the sacrifice was
understandable, as Black was threatening at a2, but also to seize the
initiative with ... Pf5 } 13... Qf6 { This move is prompted by groundless fear.
Black could take the a-pawn without any qualms  Why did the normally cool and
calculating Vidmar refuse teh pawn? Probably he had not yet played himself
into form. This was his first roiund game, and he did not relish the idea of
plunging straight into the fray by grabbing a pawn from so redoubtable an
attacking player as Marshall. Be it as it may, the game was drawn forthwith by
repetition of moves } ( 13... Qxa2 14. c4 { Otherwise the Queen returns to e6 } 14... Qa5 15. f4 exf4 16. Rxf4 Qg5 17. Rbf1 a5 { White has no compensation for the pawn } ) 14. Nf3 Qe6 15. Nh4 Qf6 16. Nf3 Qe6 1/2-1/2
[Event "New York"]
[Site "New York"]
[Date "1924.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lasker"]
[Black "Janowsky"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "48: Obsession with the Draw"]
[FEN "3r4/1p3k2/p1p2b2/P2rpbpp/1PR2p2/2PP1P1P/1N1R1KPN/8 b - - 0 38"]
[PlyCount "6"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

38... Rb5 $2 ( 38... Bxd3 39. Nxd3 Rxd3 40. Rxd3 Rxd3 41. Ke2 e4 42. Rxe4 Rxc3 { Black has a sound extra pawn } ) 39. Ke2 Rbd5 40. Kd1 Ke6 $2 ( 40... Bxd3 41. Nxd3 Rxd3 42. Rxd3 Rxd3+ 43. Kc2 e4 44. fxe4 Rg3 $18 ) 41. Kc2 { White has now protected the d-pawn, Black having refushed to capture it on two
occasions. The tournament book shows that he could have taken it on the first
move } 1-0
[Event "Russia"]
[Site "Match, Moscow  (3)"]
[Date "1960.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tal"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "48: Obsession with the Draw"]
[FEN "r2qk2r/pp1nbp1p/2p1p1p1/3pP2n/N2P3P/P3BP2/1PPQ1P2/R3KB1R b KQkq - 0 15"]
[PlyCount "10"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The question is whether or not Black should capture the h-pawn. The answer is
more difficult to determine than the answer to the questions posed by the two
previous examples. Botvinnik thought better of his intention to take the
h-pawn and played: } 15... Ng7 ( 15... Bxh4 $1 16. Rxh4 ( 16. Bh6 Be7 17. f4 Bf8 { Black retains the extra pawn } ) 16... Qxh4 17. Bg5 Qh2 18. Qb4 f6 19. Qxb7 Rb8 20. Qxc6 fxg5 21. Qxe6+ Kd8 22. Nc5 Nhf6 $1 { Petrosian } ) 16. Bg5 h6 17. Bxh6 Nf5 18. Bf4 Rxh4 19. Rxh4 Nxh4 20. O-O-O { Now White gets counterplay on the open h-file. } 1/2-1/2
[Event "Portoroz"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1958.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Szabo"]
[Black "Filip"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "48: Obsession with the Draw"]
[FEN "r4rk1/pbqn1ppp/1p2pn2/4N3/2BP4/P1P5/4QPPP/R1B2RK1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "33"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Passive play aiming at the draw } 1. Bd3 Rac8 $2 ( 1... Qxc3 2. Bb2 Qa5 3. f4 Qd5 4. f5 Rfe8 { Black can defend himself adequately } ) ( 1... Nxe5 2. dxe5 Nd7 ( 2... Qxc3 $2 3. exf6 Qxa1 4. Bb2 $18 ) ) 2. f4 Qxc3 { The exchan
ge of Knight is now poor because White could recapture with the f-pawn. On the
other hand Black cannot mark time any long, for if White is allowed to play c4
his position will be overwhelming } 3. Bb2 Qc7 4. f5 Qd6 5. Rf4 Nd5 6. Rh4 N7f6 7. Rf1 Ne7 { The text move aims to force White to declare his intentions } ( 7... Rc7 ) 8. fxe6 fxe6 9. Rxf6 $1 Rxf6 10. Bxh7+ Kf8 11. Bd3 Ng8 $2 { This is too passive } ( 11... Nf5 ) 12. h3 { Black's situation is now so utterly
passive that White can well afford the time to make a flight square for his
King } ( 12. Rh8 ) 12... Bd5 { Preventing Pd5 } ( 12... Nh6 13. d5 { giving White a direct attack agains the King } ) 13. Rh8 Rf5 14. Qg4 Rc7 15. Qh4 Bb7 16. Qh7 Rc1+ 17. Kh2 1-0
[Event "Paris"]
[Site "Paris"]
[Date "1905.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Janowsky"]
[Black "Marshall"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "48: Obsession with the Draw"]
[FEN "1r4k1/pb2n1pp/3br3/2ppNp2/7P/P1B1P1P1/1P3PB1/2RR2K1 w - - 0 25"]
[PlyCount "38"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Black's hanging pawns at d5 and c5 are likely to be a weakness in the endgame.
A priority for Black is to control e5. He has just played ... Rh6-e6, with the
idea of driving the White Knight from its advanced post. Instead of reacting
logically with Pf4 White suddently begins to play timidly } 25. Nd3 ( 25. f4 { Logically securing e5 } ) 25... Ba6 26. Rb1 $2 ( 26. Nf4 Bxf4 27. gxf4 Bc4 28. b4 { The White Bishop pair will become formidable } ) 26... Bc4 27. Nc1 $2 { Clearly played to keep the Black pieces out of b3; but after the game Janowsky
himself did not know why he had not played Pb4 or Nf4 instead } 27... Be5 28. Bxe5 Rxe5 { Despite White's sequence of time moves his position is still good for a draw } 29. b3 $2 ( 29. Nd3 ) ( 29. Bf1 ) 29... a5 $1 30. a4 Kf8 31. Nd3 { At last } 31... Bxd3 32. Rxd3 c4 33. Rc3 $2 ( 33. Rdd1 { not played in fear of ... cb or ... Pc3 } 33... cxb3 ( 33... c3 34. Rdc1 Rc8 35. Kf1 { The c-pawn is more of a liability than an asset } ) 34. Rd3 Rb4 35. Rdxb3 Rxa4 36. Rb8+ Kf7 37. Ra8 { White soons wins the a-pawn } ) 33... Re6 $1 34. Rbc1 ( 34. -- Reb6 ) 34... Rxb3 35. Rxb3 cxb3 36. Rb1 Rb6 37. Bf1 Rb4 ( 37... -- 38. Bb5 ) 38. Bb5 Nc8 39. Kf1 Nd6 40. Bd3 Nc4 41. Ke2 g6 42. f3 Nb6 43. Bb5 Nc4 0-1
[Event "Kemeri"]
[Site "Kemeri"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Alekhine"]
[Black "Reshevsky"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "B05"]
[PlyCount "73"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 1. ALEKHINE (1892-1946)  Alekhine strove first and foremost to avoid passive
positions. Above all he was an attacker, and for the sake of attack he would
gladly take risks. Originality was a prominent feature of his play; although
he usually avoided the well-known gambits he had a penchant for improvising
his own. His style may be described as an amalgam of fantasy, science, and
ambition } 1. e4 Nf6 ( 1... e5 { Examples of the way Alekhine liked to treat the openings } 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7 11. Nbd2 O-O 12. Nf1 Bg4 13. Ne3 $1 Bxf3 14. Qxf3 ( 14. gxf3 { also playable } ) 14... cxd4 15. Nf5 ( 15. cxd4 exd4 16. Nf5 ) 15... dxc3 16. Qxc3 { White has attacking chances
Alekhine - Fine, Hastings, 1936-37 } ) ( 1... e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Ne2 ( 4. Bd2 dxe4 5. Nxe4 $2 ( 5. Qg4 Qxd4 ( 5... Nf6 6. Qxg7 Rg8 7. Qh6 Nc6 ) 6. Nf3 ( 6. O-O-O $1 ) 6... Nh6 $1 7. Qf4 e5 ) 5... Qxd4 6. Bd3 Bxd2+ 7. Qxd2 Qd8 $2 { This cautious retreat is poor. } ( 7... Qxb2 8. Rd1 Nd7 { Black can consolidate eventually. This line conforms to
Steinitz's dogma that a gambit can be refuted only by accepting it } ) 8. O-O-O Qe7 9. Nf3 Nf6 10. Rhe1 Nxe4 11. Rxe4 Nd7 12. Rg4 f5 13. Rf4 Nf6 14. Re1 g6 15. h3 $36 ) 4... dxe4 5. a3 Be7 6. Nxe4 Nc6 7. g4 { This much criticised move is typical of Alekhine's style } 7... b6 ( 7... e5 $1 8. d5 Nd4 9. N2c3 ) ( 7... Nf6 { Alekhine } ) 8. Bg2 Bb7 9. c3 Nf6 10. N2g3 O-O { Too risky; Black could still get a reasonable game with ... Qd7 followed
by Queenside castling } ( 10... Qd7 11. -- O-O-O ) 11. g5 Nxe4 12. Nxe4 Kh8 13. Qh5 { With excellent attacking chances for White  Alekhine - Euwe, 7th
match game, 1935 } ) 2. e5 Nd5 3. Nf3 d6 4. d4 Bg4 5. c4 Nb6 6. Be2 dxe5 7. Nxe5 ( 7. c5 { Alekhine-Euwe (29), 1935 } 7... e4 8. cxb6 exf3 9. Bxf3 Bxf3 10. Qxf3 Nc6 $1 ( 10... axb6 ) ) 7... Bxe2 8. Qxe2 Qxd4 9. O-O ( 9. Na3 N8d7 ( 9... e6 10. Nc2 ) 10. Nf3 { Alekhine } ) 9... N8d7 10. Nxd7 Nxd7 11. Nc3 c6 12. Be3 Qe5 13. Rad1 e6 14. Qf3 O-O-O 15. Bxa7 Qa5 16. Bd4 Qf5 17. Qg3 { Alekhine is clearly bent on settling the issue in the middlegame } ( 17. Qxf5 { Another promising course } ) 17... e5 18. Be3 Bb4 19. Na4 Ba5 20. f4 $1 { Directed at 20. ... Bc7 and 21. ... Pe4 } 20... Bc7 21. b3 f6 22. fxe5 Qe6 23. h3 Rhg8 ( 23... Nxe5 24. Nc5 { not allowing ... Qg4 } ) 24. Bd4 Nxe5 ( 24... fxe5 25. Qe3 e4 26. c5 Rde8 ) 25. Qc3 Nd7 26. c5 $1 Rge8 27. b4 $1 Nb8 ( 27... Qxa2 28. Ra1 Qe6 29. b5 -- 30. Nb6+ ) 28. Nb6+ Bxb6 29. cxb6 Qxa2 30. Qg3 $1 Rd7 ( 30... Qf7 31. Ra1 Rxd4 32. Ra8 Re5 33. Qxe5 { Alekhine } ) 31. Bc5 ( 31. Bxf6 gxf6 32. Rxd7 Kxd7 33. Qc7+ Ke6 34. Re1+ { simpler (Alekhine) } ) 31... Qf7 32. Ra1 Qg6 33. Qh2 Re5 34. Ra8 Rd2 ( 34... Qe8 35. Qg3 ) 35. Rxb8+ Kxb8 36. Qxe5+ fxe5 37. Rf8+ 1-0
[Event "Breslau"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1863.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Rosanes"]
[Black "Anderssen"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C39"]
[PlyCount "46"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 2. ANDERSSEN (1818-1879)  The style of Adolf Anderssen is distinguished by
sheer fantasy and by a tireless striving after beauty, but not so much by cold
reason. His immortal game (184) is universally known } 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 g5 4. h4 g4 5. Ne5 Nf6 6. Bc4 d5 7. exd5 Bd6 8. d4 Nh5 9. Bb5+ ( 9. O-O { Anderssen considered this as the best move. Interesting is the fact that 20th
century opening theory agrees with him } ) 9... c6 $1 10. dxc6 bxc6 11. Nxc6 Nxc6 12. Bxc6+ Kf8 13. Bxa8 Ng3 14. Rh2 $2 { A serious error } ( 14. Kf2 Nxh1+ { Anderssen } 15. Qxh1 Bf5 ( 15... g3+ { Keres suggestion a century later } 16. Ke1 Qe7+ 17. Kd1 Bg4+ 18. Bf3 Bxf3+ 19. gxf3 Rg8 20. Qg2 Qxh4 21. Ke2 Qh2 22. Kf1 h5 ) ) 14... Bf5 ( 14... Ba6 { Pachman } ) ( 14... Qe7+ 15. Kf2 Ne4+ { Keres } ) 15. Bd5 Kg7 { Making room for the Rook } 16. Nc3 Re8+ 17. Kf2 Qb6 18. Na4 ( 18. -- Bc5 $1 ) 18... Qa6 19. Nc3 ( 19. -- Qe2+ 20. Qxe2 Rxe2+ 21. Kg1 Re1+ 22. Kf2 Rf1# ) ( 19. c4 Qxa4 $1 20. Qxa4 Re2+ 21. Kg1 Re1+ 22. Kf2 Rf1# ) 19... Be5 20. a4 Qf1+ $3 21. Qxf1 Bxd4+ 22. Be3 Rxe3 23. Kg1 ( 23. -- Re2# ) 23... Re1# 0-1