Icannos/chess_studies huggingface dataset:
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1977.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Portisch"]
[Black "Karpov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "46"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 b6 3. Bg2 Bb7 4. O-O e6 5. d3 d5 { This is a weak move since it blocks the bishop on b7. } 6. Nbd2 Nbd7 7. Re1 Bc5 { White's last move weakened the f2 square, so Black takes aim at it. } 8. c4 O-O 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Nb3 { The opening is over and Black's pieces are more active. White hopes to start something on the queenside, but his knight is out of play on b3. 10.d4 A more sensible move. } 10... Bb4 11. Bd2 a5 { Black takes some space on the queenside and sets up a possible ...a4. } 12. Nbd4 { 12.Bxb4 axb4 Black is better here because White will have trouble defending his pawn on a2. } 12... Re8 13. Rc1 c5 { Now Black has taken control of the d4-square. This means that he can advance the pawn from d5 later, if he so wishes. } 14. Nf5 { The knight looks strong here but it isn't really doing anything. } 14... Nf8 15. d4 Ne4 { Black takes the initiative in the center and renews his attack on f2. } 16. dxc5 { 16.a3 Bxd2 17.Nxd2 Qf6 } 16... Nxd2 17. Nxd2 Qg5 { A double attack on both White knights. White can't cover both weaknesses by 18.Ne3. } 18. Nd6 { 18.Ne3 Rxe3 19.fxe3 Qxe3+ And Black will take the d2 knight next move with a winning material advantage. } 18... Bxd2 { Now Black forks White's rooks. } 19. Nxb7 { This position is very complicated. White may also play 19.h4 or 19.c6 } 19... Bxe1 20. Qxe1 Rxe2 21. Qxe2 Qxc1+ 22. Qf1 Qd2 23. cxb6 Rc8 { White is down a piece and is now faced with 24...Rc1 pinning his queen, so he resigns. } 0-1
[Event "World Championship"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Karpov"]
[Black "Korchnoi"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "57"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 { The Open Variation has always been one of Korchnoi's favorite defenses. } 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Nbd2 { White wants to eliminate Black's strong knight on e4 and is willing to let Black trade off his Bb3 by ...Nc5 and ... Nxb3. } 9... Nc5 10. c3 g6 { Black hopes to attack the pawn at e5, but this plan loses time and creates weaknesses at h6 and f6 which Black doesn't have time to defend. } 11. Qe2 Bg7 12. Nd4 { White begins his attack before Black can castle. He is willing to give up his pawn on e5 to open the e-file onto Black's king. } 12... Nxe5 { 12...Nxd4 13.cxd4 Nxb3 14.Nxb3 White has a clear advantage due to his lock on c5 and Black's bad bishop on e6. } 13. f4 { Now White will use his f-pawn to open more lines onto Black's king. } 13... Nc4 14. f5 { The thematic breakthrough. } 14... gxf5 15. Nxf5 Rg8 { 15...O-O 16.Nxg7 Kxg7 17.Qh5 } 16. Nxc4 dxc4 17. Bc2 Nd3 { Black hopes to defend by shutting the Bc2 out of the game. } 18. Bh6 { White prep ares to beak in on the f-file by trading off Black's last defensive piece on the kingside. } 18... Bf8 19. Rad1 Qd5 20. Bxd3 cxd3 21. Rxd3 Qc6 { White dominates the center and his pieces are much more active. Black is close to defeat. } 22. Bxf8 Qb6+ 23. Kh1 Kxf8 24. Qf3 Re8 25. Nh6 Rg7 26. Rd7 Rb8 { It's mate after 26...Bxd7 27.Qxf7+ Rxf7 28.Rxf7+ } 27. Nxf7 Bxd7 28. Nd8+ { Black resigned, since he will be mated in a few moves. If you have trouble finding the mate, I'll show you. } 28... Ke7 29. Qf8# 1-0
[Event "Minsk"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Begun"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "47"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 { The Semi-Tarrasch Defense gives Black a solid yet somewhat passive position. } 6. e3 { 6.e4 Nxc3 7.bxc3 is more commonly played. } ( 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 ) 6... Nc6 7. Bd3 Be7 8. O-O O-O 9. Nxd5 Qxd5 { 9...exd5 10.Qc2 is good for White because of the dual threats on h7 and c5. } ( 9... exd5 10. Qc2 ) 10. e4 Qd8 { This retreat hands the initiative over to White. Better was 10...Qh5 } ( 10... Qh5 ) 11. dxc5 Bxc5 12. e5 Be7 13. Qe2 Nb4 14. Bb1 Bd7 15. a3 Nd5 16. Qe4 { A good move that forces Black to weaken his king's position, thanks to the threatened mate on h7. } 16... g6 17. Bh6 Re8 18. h4 { White intends to further weaken Black's kingside with 19.h5. } 18... Qb6 19. h5 { Following through with my plan. } 19... f5 20. exf6 Nxf6 21. Qe1 Nxh5 22. Ne5 Bb5 23. Bxg6 { Sweeping away Black's remaining defenders. } 23... Nf6 { If 23...hx g6 24.Qe4 Bf8 25.Qxg6+ Ng7 26.Ng4, Black has no good defense against White's intended 27.Nf6+. } ( 23... hxg6 24. Qe4 Bf6 25. Qxg6+ Ng7 26. Ng4 ( 26. Qf7+ Kh7 27. Qxf6 Qc7 28. Nf7 ) 26... Bd4 27. Nf6+ ( 27. Bxg7 Bxg7 28. Nf6+ Kf8 ) 27... Bxf6 28. Qxf6 ) 24. Bxh7+ { Black resigned since he has no good response to White's attack. For example ...Kxh7 (24...Nxh7 25.Qe4 with 26.Qg4+ or 26.Qg6+ to follow.) 25.Qb1+ Kh8 26.Qg6 with no defense against the dual mate threats of 27.Nf7++ or 27.Qg7++. } 1-0
[Event "Daugavpils"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Alburt"]
[Black "Kasparov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "122"]

1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. d4 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Be2 O-O 6. Bg5 c5 7. d5 h6 8. Bf4 e6 9. dxe6 Bxe6 { This creates a pawn structure which forms the basis for most of the middlegame operations. } 10. Bxd6 Re8 11. Nf3 Nc6 12. O-O Qa5 13. Nd2 Red8 14. Nb3 Qb6 15. Na4 Qb4 16. Nbxc5 Bxc4 17. Bxc4 Qxc4 18. Nxb7 Nxe4 19. Rc1 Qb5 20. Nxd8 Rxd8 21. Qc2 Nd4 22. Qxe4 Ne2+ 23. Kh1 Nxc1 24. Rxc1 Rxd6 25. Qc2 Qg5 26. Rd1 Qf5 27. Qc1 Rxd1+ 28. Qxd1 Qxf2 29. Qg1 Qc2 30. b3 Qxa2 31. Nc5 Qd2 32. Qb1 Bd4 33. Nd3 Qe3 34. Nb4 h5 35. Qd1 h4 36. Nc2 Qxb3 37. Qxd4 Qb1+ 38. Qg1 Qxc2 39. Qxa7 Qd1+ 40. Qg1 Qxg1+ 41. Kxg1 Kg7 42. Kf2 Kf6 43. Ke3 Ke5 44. Kf3 f5 { I had an extra pawn, but had to be careful, because if I exchange two pawns and wind up with king and rook pawn versus king the game will be drawn. } 45. Ke3 { The advantage of studying the endgame is that when such positions arise they can be brought to the proper conclusion without original thought. Here I knew that the winning method was to get a passed f-pawn. } 45... g5 46. h3 Kd5 { I am going to try to circle around the back and eat the White pawns. Alburt must stop me. } 47. Kd3 { Good, we are moving further away from the pawns. Let's go one more file to the queenside. } 47... Kc5 48. Kc3 { Again, my opponent can't afford to let me circle around his king. } 48... g4 49. Kd3 { 49.hxg4 fxg4 50.Kd3 h3 51.gxh3 gxh3 52.Ke3 h2 53.Kf2 h1Q } 49... gxh3 50. gxh3 Kd5 { First objective accomplished! I have a passed pawn and can defend it against operations by the enemy king. } 51. Ke3 Ke5 52. Kf3 f4 53. Kf2 Ke4 54. Ke2 f3+ 55. Kf1 { What now? The endgame is not simple. I need to gain the opposition. Look at the variation that will take place if I go to f4: 55. Kf1 Kf4 56.Kf2 Ke4 57.Kf1 Ke3 58.Ke1 f2+ 59.Kf1 Kf3 Oops! It is stalemate! } 55... Kf5 { This is the key. I am going to lose some time so that I can switch the player who has to move. Now I can set up a situation similar to that of the previous note, but with an important difference. } 56. Kg1 Ke5 57. Kf1 Ke4 { We have already seen this position, but now it is White to move. My opponent, a future champion of the United States, was a good enough endgame player to realize that resistance was useless, and he resigned, not waiting for } 58. Kf2 { 58.Ke1 Ke3 59.Kf1 f2 60.Kg2 Ke2 61.Kh2 Ke1 62.Kg2 f1Q+ } 58... Kf4 59. Kf1 Kg3 60. Kg1 Kxh3 61. Kf2 Kg4 0-1
[Event "Minsk"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Roizman"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "53"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 { This is the Bird's variation of the Spanish Game. } 4. Nxd4 exd4 5. O-O Bc5 6. d3 c6 7. Bc4 d6 8. f4 { Beginning active operations at the first opportunity. } 8... Nf6 9. e5 dxe5 { This move allows me to play a combination based on the opening of the f-file. 9...Nd5 is better as it keeps the file closed. } 10. Bxf7+ { Now Black will be unable to castle, while White retains the better pawn structure. } 10... Kxf7 11. fxe5 { The Black knight is unable to flee since it is pinned by the White rook. } 11... Qd5 12. exf6 gxf6 { White stands better in this position due to his superior pawn structure and the exposed nature of the Black king. } 13. Nd2 Rg8 { Black seeks play on the g-file. } 14. Ne4 Be7 15. Bf4 Rg6 16. Qe2 Bg4 17. Qf2 Rag8 { While this move is consistent with Black's previous play, it still leaves his king exposed to attack. 17...Kg7 is better, with the idea of tucking the king away at h8. } 18. Rae1 { White is not afraid of the attack on the g-pawn, since he can block the g- file with a minor piece. Therefore Black moves the h-pawn into the game. } 18... h5 19. Bg5 { This unexpected pin shows the vulnerability of the Black king. } 19... Qd8 { Against the curious move 19...Bh3 I had intended 20.Nxf6 Bxf6 21.Qxf6+ Rxf6 22. Rxf6+ Kg7 with a forced mate for White. } 20. Qf4 Be6 21. h4 Bd5 22. g4 { This move exposes the White king. However, the rook on g6 turns out to be in danger, and this decides the game. } 22... Kg7 { 22...hxg4 23.h5 Rxg5 24.Nxg5+ Rxg5 would allow White to win material. Against 22...Rh8 I had prepared a queen sacrifice with 23.Bxf6 Rxg4+ 24.Qxg4 hxg4 25.Bxe7+ Kxe7 when White has a forced mate. } 23. gxh5 fxg5 24. Qe5+ Kh6 25. hxg6 gxh4 26. Rf5 Kxg6 27. Kh2 { Black resigned since he is defenseless against 28.Rg1+ followed by 29.Rh5++. } 1-0
[Event "Daugavpils"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Palatnik"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "73"]

1. e4 Nf6 2. e5 Nd5 3. d4 d6 4. Nf3 g6 5. Bc4 Nb6 6. Bb3 a5 7. a4 { Black was pl aying with fire, and I should have punished him by 7.e6. 7.e6 Bxe6 8.Bxe6 fxe6 9.Ng5 Qd7 10.Qe2 Nc6 11.Nxe6 Nd8 12.Nxf8 } 7... Bg7 8. Ng5 { I don't mind moving my knight twice here because Black will have to waste a tempo defending f7 and I can use that tempo to gain space. } 8... e6 9. f4 dxe5 10. fxe5 c5 11. O-O O-O { 11...Qxd4+ 12.Qxd4 cxd4 13.Nxf7 Black has an awful position here because he can coordinate his pieces before I start taking them. } 12. c3 Nc6 { Black underestimates my initiative. He should have captured first. 12... cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.Nf3 f6 Now my center is collapsing, but I can sacrifice a pawn for an initiative by 15.Nc3 fxe5 16.Bg5 and this position is unclear. } 13. Ne4 { I don't mind giving up a pawn if I can post a piece on f6, when Black's king will be in permanent danger. } 13... Nd7 { 13...cxd4 14.Bg5 Qd7 15.Nf6+ Bxf6 16.Bxf6 dxc3 17.Qc1 And now Black will get mated. } 14. Be3 Ne7 15. Bg5 { Again I am quite happy to make a small sacrifice to take over the f6 square. } 15... cxd4 { 15...h6 16.Bh4 g5 17.Bxg5 hxg5 18.Nxg5 And I will mate Black in a few moves. } 16. cxd4 h6 17. Bh4 g5 18. Bf2 Ng6 19. Nbc3 Qe7 20. Bc2 b6 21. Be3 Ba6 22. Rf2 Nh8 23. Bxg5 { It's time for me to cash in my more active pieces; the g5 pawn is the key to Black's king position, so it's the first target of my attack. Note that all of my pieces are ready to attack, while Black's Ra8 and Ba6 can't get back. } 23... hxg5 24. Qh5 f5 { 24...f6 25.Nxg5 Rfc8 26.Bh7+ Kf8 27.Nce4 And I will break through on the f- file. } 25. Nxg5 Rf7 { Black not only gives himself a square on f8 but also blocks the a2-g8 diagonal onto his king. 25...Rfd8 26.Rxf5 exf5 27.Bb3+ Kf8 28.Nh7+ } 26. Bxf5 { With its d iagonal blocked this bishop wasn't doing anything, but to take it Black must let my knight into d5. } 26... Rxf5 27. Rxf5 exf5 28. Nd5 Qe8 29. Qh7+ Kf8 30. Qxf5+ Kg8 31. Qh7+ Kf8 32. Ra3 { Now my last piece is ready to join the attack, but Black's rook and bishop still can't help the defense. } 32... Rc8 33. Rf3+ Nf6 { 33...Nf7 34.Rxf7+ Qxf7 35.Nxf7 Rc1+ 36.Kf2 Rf1+ 37.Kg3 Rxf7 38.Qh4 And Black can't stop both 39.Qd8+ and 39.e6. } 34. h3 { Black can only move his rook and bishop, so I prevent him from doing any damage with them. } 34... Qg6 35. Rxf6+ Bxf6 36. Ne6+ Ke8 37. Nxf6+ { Black resigned because he must give up his queen, when he will be down too much material and I will still have an attack. } 1-0
[Event "Minsk"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Roizman"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "53"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 { Black loses time to exchange knights because he hopes the pawn he gets on d4 will cramp me. } 4. Nxd4 exd4 5. O-O Bc5 6. d3 c6 7. Bc4 { Now I am threatening to win a pawn. } 7... d6 8. f4 { With Black 's pawn on d4 and not e5, I can grab more space in the center and on the kingside. } 8... Nf6 { 8...Be6 9.Bxe6 fxe6 10.f5 In this position I'm already threatening to win on the kingside. } 9. e5 dxe5 { Black helps me to open the center while his king still lives there. He should have played 9...Nd5 to keep things closed. } 10. Bxf7+ Kxf7 11. fxe5 { I will get my piece back because of the pin on Black's knight. } 11... Qd5 { 11...Be7 12.exf6 Bxf6 13.Bg5 And Black will still end up with an isolated pawn on f6. } 12. exf6 gxf6 { Since my rook is already attacking the isolated pawn on f6, I will have no trouble lining up the rest of my pieces to attack it. } 13. Nd2 Rg8 { Black hopes to get counterplay along the g-file. } 14. Ne4 Be7 15. Bf4 Rg6 16. Qe2 Bg4 17. Qf2 Rag8 18. Rae1 h5 { 18...Be2 19. Rxe2 Rxg2+ 20.Qxg2 Rxg2+ 21.Rxg2 Black's counterplay is over and I have two rooks and a knight for the queen. } 19. Bg5 { My attack on f6 is even stronger because Black's king lives behind it. } 19... Qd8 { 19...Rxg5 20.Nxf6 and Black can't keep my rooks and queen away from his king. } 20. Qf4 Be6 21. h4 { Now I am threatening to capture on f6. } 21... Bd5 { Black hopes to prevent me from taking on f6 by tying me down to the defense of g2. } 22. g4 { So I am willing to sacrifice that pawn in order not to have to defend it. Although it seems I am exposing my own king, Black's pieces can't get at it, and his Rg6 has no where to run if I get a pawn to h5. } 22... Kg7 { 22...hxg4 23.h5 } 23. gxh5 fxg5 24. Qe5+ Kh6 25. hxg6 gxh4 26. Rf5 Kxg6 27. Kh2 { Black resigned because he is down material and his king is helpless against the direct attack from my rooks and queen. } 1-0
[Event "Daugavpils"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1978.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Panchenko"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "69"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 a6 8. O-O-O Bd7 9. f4 b5 10. Nxc6 Bxc6 { I'm willing to exchange knights because the trade weakens Black's control of the central dark squares. } 11. Bd3 { I want to be able to play e5 without allowing Black to exchange queens on the d-file. } 11... Be7 12. e5 dxe5 { 12...Nd5 13.Ne4 dxe5 14.Bxe7 Qxe7 15.fxe5 O-O } 13. fxe5 Nd7 14. Bxe7 Qxe7 15. Be4 { Black can now win my e5 pawn, but to take it he will have to allow me a strong initiative based on the dark squares in the center. } 15... Bxe4 { Black goes along with my plan. He would have an even game if he didn't go after the e-pawn. 15...Qc5 16.Rhe1 Ra7 And Black has covered all the targets in the center and will get counterplay on the c-file. } 16. Nxe4 Nxe5 17. Qd4 { I don't need to check immediately--this move forces Black to move his knight to a weaker square or to weaken his pawn structure. } 17... f6 18. Nd6+ Kf8 19. Rhf1 { Now my rook is on an open file leading to Black's king and the pin on his f6 pawn again forces him to retreat his knight or lose more time. } 19... Kg8 { 19...Nf7 20.Qb6 Nxd6 21.Rxd6 Kf7 22.Re1 e5 23.Qc6 I still have my initiative here, but the exchange of knights has eased Black's problems. } 20. g4 { I'd like to open the g-file to Black's king. Note that if I can play 21.g5, Black can't keep lines close by 21...f5 because that would undermine his knight. } 20... h6 21. h4 Nf7 { Black is to anxious to trade of my strong knight and lets me open up his king. He would have done better to try 21...Rf8. 21...Rf8 22.g5 hxg5 23.hxg5 Ng6 And Black has good chances to defend. } 22. Qe4 { This attack on Black's rook sets up a pin on the e6 pawn which will let me keep my knight. } 22... Rf8 23. Nf5 Qe8 24. Nd4 e5 { 24...Ne5 25.g5 hxg5 26.hxg5 Qg6 27.Qxg6 Nxg6 28.Nxe6 Re8 29.gxf6 And Black will get mated or lose a piece. } 25. Nf5 h5 26. Rg1 Rh7 { 26...Nh6 27.Nxg7 Kxg7 28.gxh5+ Kf7 29.Qb7+ } 27. Qb7 Kh8 28. gxh5 Qe6 29. Nxg7 Qxa2 { 29...Rxg7 30.Rxg7 Kxg7 31.Qg2+ Kh8 And now I can set up a lethal mating battery. Do you see how? } 30. Qe7 Rg8 31. Qxf6 Qa1+ 32. Kd2 Qa5+ 33. Ke2 Rgxg7 34. Rxg7 Rxg7 35. Rg1 { Black resigned because he could save either the pinned rook or his king, but not both. } 1-0
[Event "Rio de Janeiro Interzonal"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Petrosian"]
[Black "Harandi"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "49"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 d5 6. cxd5 exd5 7. Bf4 Bd6 8. Bg3 O-O 9. e3 Ne4 10. Qb3 c6 { 10...Re8 11.Bd3 c5 12.dxc5 Nxc5 13.Qc2 when White stands better because of Black's isolated d-pawn. } 11. Bd3 Re8 12. Bxe4 dxe4 13. Ne5 Bxe5 14. dxe5 { Taking back with the pawn is surprising at first, but how is Black going to defend the d-pawn? White also gets a grip on the d6 square. } 14... Nd7 { 14...c5 15.Rd1 Qc8 16.Nb5 when Black has no way of preventing the knight from penetrating to d6. } 15. Nxe4 Nxe5 16. Rd1 Qc7 17. Nd6 Ba6 { 17...Re6 18.Nc4 would win material because of the pin on the Black knight. } 18. Nxe8 Rxe8 { Black has lost the exchange and all that remains is for the White king to find a safe home. } 19. f3 { With the idea of making a safe haven for the king. } 19... Qc8 20. Bxe5 Rxe5 21. Kf2 h6 22. Rd2 c5 23. Rhd1 Re8 24. Rd7 c4 25. Qb4 { Black resigned because of his material deficit. If you don't see a winning plan for White try defending it against Gambit. } 1-0
[Event "Banja Luka"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Marovic"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "69"]

1. c4 e6 2. Nf3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5 O-O 6. e3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 c5 { This move is considered the best reply. On 7...c6, 8.Rd1 proves unpleasant, as it will be difficult for Black to achieve the advance e6-e5. } 8. O-O-O { 8.cxd5 It is well known that this move achieves nothing in view of ...Nxd5 9. Bxe7 Qxe7 10.Bd3 g6 11.dxc5 Nxc5 12.Rc1Nxd3+ } 8... Qa5 9. Kb1 h6 { One can hardly recommend this move, which weakens the position of Black's king. } 10. h4 dxc4 { Acceptance of the sacrifice is too risky. 10...hxg5 11. hxg5 Ne4 12.Nxe4 dxe4 13.Qxe4 g6 when White has a winning attack down the h-file. } 11. Bxc4 Nb6 12. Bxf6 gxf6 13. Be2 cxd4 14. exd4 Bd7 { Black's po sition seems to be in danger, but if White acts slowly, Black will create counter-play on the queenside. } 15. Rh3 { With this rook lift White is able to use the semi-opened g-file. } 15... Na4 16. Rg3+ Kh8 17. Qd2 Nxc3+ 18. bxc3 Kh7 { 18...Qf5+ 19.Kb2 Rg8 20.Qxh6+ Qh7 21.Qf4 retains the White advantage with a material bonus. } 19. Bd3+ f5 20. Ne5 { With the idea of 21.Ng4 taking advantage of the pin along the d3-h7 diagonal. } 20... Bb5 { This is the only defense to 21.Ng4. It seems that Black has turned aside all meaningful threats but the following move clarifies the situation. } 21. Rf3 { My strongest move of the game. It creates a horrible threat of g2-g4 which takes advantage of the pin along the b1-h7 diagonal. } 21... f6 { 21...Bxd3+ 22.Qxd3 h5 23.g4 hxg4 24.Rxf5 Qb6+ 25.Kc2 exf5 26.Qxf5+ Kh6 27.Rg1 is winning for White as Black has no good defense. } 22. Nc4 Qc7 23. Qe2 Bxc4 24. Bxc4 e5 25. Rxf5 { Marovic has defended well. However, this has taken much thought and now my opponent has found himself in time trouble. } 25... Ba3 26. Qe4 Kh8 27. Rh5 Qh7 28. Qxh7+ { This move is inaccurate although it does not through away the win. Better was 28.Bd3. 28.Bd3 Qxe4 29.Bxe4 Kg7 30.dxe5 fxe5 31.Rd7+ Rf7 32.Rxf7+ Kxf7 33.Rxh6 was the simplest path to victory. } 28... Kxh7 29. dxe5 Kg6 30. g4 fxe5 31. Rd7 { A mistake which should have cost me a half point. move in the game, which creates the threat of Bd3, also looks reasonable, but Marovic finds an excellent reply. 31.Rxe5 would have won without any real difficulty. For example ...Rxf2 32.Re6+ Kg7 33.Rd7+ Kf8 34. Rxh6 with a mating attack. } 31... Rae8 { Bringing his last piece into play and defending against the threatened 32.Bd3+ . After thinking for more than 20 minutes, I was amazed to find no direct win and decided to play on my opponent's time pressure. } 32. Rxb7 Rxf2 33. Rxa7 { Now Black has a lot of checks, but the draw can only be obtained by a quiet move - 33...Rd8! } 33... Bf8 { 33...Rd8 34.Bf7+ Rxf7 35.Rxa3 Rf2 36.Kc1 with an objectively drawn position. But Black would still face many difficult obstacles. } 34. Ra6+ Kh7 35. Rf5 { Here Black overstepped the time limit, but it is easy to see that his position is hopeless. This game taught me a valuable lesson. I learned how one hasty move can be costly. But all's well that ends well. } 1-0
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Polugayevsky"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "73"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 e6 { The Scheveningen Variation of the Sicilian Defense, where Black's pawn cover all the central squares. } 6. Be3 a6 7. g4 { This is Keres' idea and is played with the obvious intention of disorganizing Black's development, while launching a kingside attack. } 7... Nc6 8. g5 Nd7 9. Rg1 Be7 10. h4 O-O { This move appears to be castling into the attack. However, where else is the king to go? } 11. h5 Nde5 12. Nxc6 Nxc6 13. f4 b5 14. Qf3 Bb7 15. Bd3 { White intends to open up the b1-h7 diagonal for his bishop. } 15... Nb4 16. f5 exf5 17. Qxf5 Nxd3+ 18. cxd3 Qc8 { Black, not wishing to be mated in the middlegame, proposes an ending with the exchange of queens. } 19. h6 Re8 20. hxg7 Qxf5 21. exf5 Bxg5 { Black reminds me that my king, having stayed in the center, is also exposed to attack. } 22. Rxg5 Rxe3+ 23. Kd2 Rf3 24. Ne4 Bxe4 25. dxe4 { The rook and pawn ending favors White due to my menacing pawn on g7. } 25... Re8 26. Rc1 d5 27. e5 { Reminds Black of his weakened back rank. } 27... h6 { Played to make a flight square for his king at h7. 27...Rxe5 allows a forced mate. } 28. Rh5 Rxe5 { This move allows me to take advantage of Black's weakened back rank. For better or worse Black had to try 28...Kxg7. } 29. f6 Rf2+ { 29...Rxh5 Leads to a forced mate, and 29...Re8 30.Rxh6 is winning for White since Black has no defense against 31.Rh8+ mate. } 30. Kd3 Rf3+ 31. Kd4 Re4+ 32. Kxd5 Re8 33. Rxh6 Rf5+ 34. Kd4 Rf4+ 35. Kc5 Re5+ 36. Kb6 Re6+ 37. Rc6 { Black resigned as he has no good defense to 38.Rh8+ mate. } 1-0
[Event "USSR"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Butnoris"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "81"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Bb4+ 4. Nbd2 { I prefer this to 4.Bd2. } 4... O-O 5. e3 b6 6. Bd3 Bb7 7. O-O d5 8. a3 Bxd2 9. Bxd2 { White has the better game because of the two bishops. } 9... Nbd7 10. cxd5 Bxd5 { 10...exd5 11.b4 Holds no prospects for Black. } 11. b4 c5 12. Rc1 { 12.dxc5 bxc5 13.Bc3 Ne4 14.Bb2 was also possible. } 12... cxd4 { Black considers that his active pieces and the hole at c4 give him good chances. However, this is a mistaken evaluation, as White's two bishops and Black's hole on c6 gives White the initiative. } 13. Nxd4 Ne5 14. Ba6 { White leaves no doubt to his control of the c-file by taking away the c8 square from the Black rook. } 14... Ne4 15. Be1 { It is important for White to retain the two bishops. } 15... Qg5 { Black is trying to solve his problems in a tactical way. 15...Nd6 16.Qe2 Nf5 17.Bc3 is better for White because of his two bishops and control of the c- file. } 16. f4 Qg6 17. fxe5 Nc5 { Threatening mate on g2. } 18. Bg3 Nxa6 19. Nf5 Rae8 { 19...exf5 20.Qxd5 when White's bishop is much stronger than the Black knight. } 20. Nd6 Re7 21. Rf4 { A strong move as the rook increases the pressure on the f-file and threatens the Black king position. } 21... h5 22. e4 Ba8 23. Bh4 Rd7 { 23...f6 24.exf6 gxf6 25.Rc3 Threatening to pin the queen with 26.Rg3. } 24. Rc3 Qh6 { 24...Nc7 25.Rg3 Qh7 26.Rg5 g6 27.Qa4 b5 28.Qxa7 f5 29.exf6 Rxd6 30. f7+ Rxf7 allows White to win material. } 25. Qf1 Nc7 26. Rcf3 { Tripling on the f-file. } 26... f5 27. exf6 { I spent more than 30 minutes calculating the consequences. It was clear that the complications were in favor of the more active White pieces, but I was seeking the simplest way to victory. } 27... Rxd6 { 27...e5 28.Qc4+ Kh7 29.fxg7 exf4 30.Nf5 is also winning for White. } 28. f7+ Kh7 29. Be7 e5 30. Bxf8 exf4 31. Bxd6 Qxd6 32. Qd3 { White's passed f-pawn combined with Black's ineffective minor pieces give me a winning position. } 32... Qe7 33. Qc4 { 33.Qd7 Qxd7 is also winning for White. } 33... Kh6 34. Rxf4 { This move  allows unnecessary complications. 34.f8Q Qxf8 35.Qxc7 g5 36.Rd3 was the simplest path to victory. } 34... Ne6 35. Qc8 Qd6 36. Qh8+ Kg6 37. f8=N+ Nxf8 38. Qxf8 Qd1+ 39. Kf2 Qd2+ 40. Kg3 Qe1+ 41. Kh3 { Black resigned since ...Bxe4 allows White to further his material gains. } 1-0
[Event "Banja Luka"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Hernandez"]
[Black "Kasparov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "59"]

1. c4 g6 2. Nc3 Bg7 3. d4 c5 4. d5 Nf6 5. e4 d6 6. Bd3 O-O 7. f4 { By transposition we have reached the Four Pawns variation. } 7... a6 { Preparing to weaken White's grip on the center with 8...b5. } 8. Nge2 { A mistake that allows Black to strike at the White center. 8.a4 would put a stop to Black's queenside play as ...b5 could be answered with 9.axb5 and Black would be unable to recapture. } 8... b5 { Black gains a strong initiative with this pawn sacrifice. } 9. cxb5 axb5 10. Nxb5 { 10.Bxb5 Ba6 11.Bxa6 Nxa6 12.O-O gives Black has good play against White's queenside, as numerous Benko Gambit's have shown. } ( 10. Bxb5 Ba6 11. Bxa6 Nxa6 12. O-O ) 10... Ba6 11. Nec3 c4 12. Bc2 { 12.Bxc4 Nxe4 13.Nxe4 Bxb5 14. Bxb5 Qa5+ 15.Bd2 Qxb5 is good for Black as the White king is stranded in the center. } ( 12. Bxc4 Nxe4 13. Nxe4 Bxb5 14. Bxb5 Qa5+ 15. Bd2 Qxb5 ) 12... Bxb5 13. Nxb5 Qa5+ 14. Nc3 Nfd7 { Opening the h8-a1 diagonal for the dark squared bishop. } 15. Qf3 { A mistake, nce White should remove his king from the center as quickly as possible with 15.O-O, while the queen is needed for the defense on the queenside. } 15... Na6 16. O-O Nb4 17. Qe2 { White has lost a valuable tempo with his queen. } 17... Nc5 18. Be3 Nbd3 { The occupation of the d3 square spells doom for White's queenside. } 19. Bxd3 Nxd3 20. e5 { 20.Kh1 Nxb2 21.Qxb2 Bxc3 is thematic in this type of position. } ( 20. Kh1 Nxb2 21. Qxb2 Bxc3 ) 20... dxe5 21. fxe5 Bxe5 22. Bh6 Rfb8 { Black's queenside play is at full speed. } 23. Qf3 f5 24. g4 Rxb2 25. gxf5 { White decides to sacrifice a piece for some attacking chances, as his position was lost anyway. } 25... Qxc3 26. fxg6 Qd4+ { White resigned due to his material deficit and exposed king position. } 27. Be3 Qh4 28. gxh7+ Kxh7 29. Qf7+ Kh8 30. Rf2 0-1
[Event "Montreal"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tal"]
[Black "Larsen"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "43"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O a6 9. f4 Qc7 { This is too slow. White's space edge allows him to prepare simultaneously for an attack either in the center or on the kingside, so Black should go straight for counterplay by 9...Bd7 and 10...b5. } 10. Be2 Nxd4 { 10...O-O 11.Bf3 Bd7 12.Rhe1 White has a bind and Black doesn't have any comfortable defence to the threat of 13.e5. } 11. Qxd4 b5 12. e5 dxe5 13. fxe5 Nd5 { Black has lost too much time and can no longer play normal moves. 13...Nd7 14.Bxe7 Kxe7 15.Qh4+ Ke8 16.Ne4 White has a huge bind. } 14. Bxe7 Nxc3 { The first of several zwischenzugs by both sides. Black prevents White from winning a pawn on d5 before recapturing the bishop. 14... Nxe7 15.Nxb5 axb5 16.Bxb5+ Black is getting mated on d8 in two moves. } 15. Bf3 { Black missed this zwischenzug which keeps the initiative for White. Now Black's best chance would be 15...Ne2+, forcing White's bishop to retreat. } 15... Nxd1 16. Bd6 Qc4 17. Qb6 { Another intermediate move, which maintains all the threats and brings the queen a perfect attacking square. } 17... Nf2 { Black tries one last intermediate move, hoping for: } 18. Bc6+ { 18.Qxf2 Qf4+ 19.Kb1 Bd7 when White's bishop is pinned onto his queen. } 18... Bd7 19. Bxd7+ Kxd7 20. Qb7+ Kd8 21. Qxa8+ Qc8 22. Qa7 { The final tactic: White threatens both mate on e7 and the knight on f2. } 1-0
[Event "Soviet Championship"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Yusupov"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "81"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 { This is the standard position of the Open Variation of the Spanish Game. Yusupov is perhaps the leading advocate of this opening among the players of his generation. } 9. Be3 { This is not the most common move, but at the time the game was played it was being analyzed frequently among my compatriots. } 9... Be7 10. Nbd2 O-O 11. c3 { There is no real point in capturing at e4, after which things can become interesting in a way which might just be favorable for Black. After 11.Nxe4 dxe4 12.Bxe6 exf3 13.Bd5 Nxe5 14.Bxa8 Qxa8 15.g3 Qc8 the invasion at h3 will prove deadly. } 11... Bg4 { I think he should have captured at d2. 11...Nxd2 12.Qxd2 Qd7 Black has a solid position. } 12. Nxe4 dxe4 13. Qd5 exf3 { What happens if Black trades queens instead, heading for an endgame? The answer to that one was known from a game between Alekhine and Teichman, back in 1921! 13...Qxd5 14.Bxd5 exf3 15. Bxc6 fxg2 16.Kxg2 Rad8 17.a4 White has a clear advantage. Of course both Yusupov and I were familiar with this classic! } 14. Qxc6 fxg2 15. Qxg2 Qd7 { Now I have a lot of pressure on the g-file. I set up a pin via a piece sacrifice. } 16. Bh6 gxh6 17. f3 { A critical position. Black plays an obvious move, but it does not turn out well. He should have taken the opportunity to give check at c5. } 17... h5 { 17...Bc5+ 18.Kh1 Rae8 and Black has no serious problems here. } 18. Rad1 Qf5 19. fxg4 Qxe5 { Now White uses the technique of deflection to drive the enemy queen away and win a piece. 19...Qxg4 20.Rd7 This move, made possible by the pin on the g-file, guarantees White a significant advantage. } 20. Rde1 Qc5+ { The queen must defend the bishop at e7. 20...Bc5+ 21.Kh1 Qd6 22.Rxf7 The attack on the rook at a8 by the queen at g2 prevents Black from capturing the rook at f7. } 21. Kh1 Rad8 { A mistake, which leads to an instructive example of deflection at work. 21...Bh4 22.Rf5 Qd6 23.Rxf7 Kh8 24.Re6 is similar to the previous variation. 21...Rae8 was the best move, supporting the bishop. Still, I would have had a good game. } 22. Rf5 Qd6 { There is no other square which defends the bishop. } 23. Rd5 Qg6 24. Rxe7 { Black is now a piece down, and the remainder of the game is of little interest. } 24... Rxd5 25. Bxd5 hxg4 26. Qe4 Qxe4+ 27. Bxe4 Rd8 28. Rxc7 h5 29. Bc2 Rd5 30. Bb3 Rf5 31. Kg2 a5 32. Rxf7 Rxf7 33. Kg3 a4 34. Bxf7+ Kxf7 35. Kh4 Kg6 36. b3 a3 37. c4 bxc4 38. bxc4 Kf5 39. Kxh5 Ke4 40. Kxg4 Kd4 41. h4 1-0
[Event "Training Match"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Magerramov"]
[Black "Kasparov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "28"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. g3 cxd4 5. Nxd4 d5 6. Bg2 e5 7. Nf3 { Provoking Black's pawns yet further. } 7... e4 8. Nd4 dxc4 { Now White's knight is exposed, and he should probably give up on getting the pawn back right away. } 9. Nc3 Bc5 10. Qa4+ { This gets the pawn back, but White's pieces become very tangled up. 10 Be3 was better. } 10... Bd7 11. Qxc4 Qb6 12. Be3 Nc6 { Black threatens 13...Na5, so White should take on c6 and live with a rotten position after 14...Bxe3 15 fxe3 Bxc6. } 13. Nc2 Bxe3 14. Nxe3 Na5 { White's queen is trapped. } 0-1
[Event "Soviet Championship"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1979.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Georgadze"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "81"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Bc4 Be7 4. d3 Nf6 5. c3 O-O 6. O-O c6 7. Bb3 Be6 8. Bc2 h6 9. Re1 Nbd7 10. Nbd2 Qc7 { Black has adopted an unpretentious opening, and I also played quietly. But now I am ready to stake my claim in the center and secure a spatial advantage. } 11. d4 Rfe8 12. h3 { Time out! I don't want any enemy pieces reaching g4! } 12... Nf8 13. c4 Ng6 { Georgadze appreciated that it would not be wise to open up the game while I am in control of the center. 13...exd4 14.Nxd4 Qb6 15.N2f3 Bxc4 16.Nf5 In return for the pawn I have a dangerous kingside attack. } 14. d5 { I keep advancing my central pawns and control a lot more space. } 14... Bd7 { 14...cxd5 would have been wiser. Then Black could have played on the queenside. } 15. Nb1 { I have plenty of time here, so I bring the knight to a more useful square. } 15... Bf8 16. Nc3 c5 17. Ba4 { I wanted to eliminate the light-squared bishops because mine doesn't do much (it is a bad bishop) and his defends the light-squares. } 17... a6 18. Bxd7 Nxd7 19. g3 Be7 20. h4 { These moves are designed to limit the scope of the enemy pieces. } 20... Nf6 21. Nh2 { I want to use f3 for the queen. } 21... Qd7 22. a4 Qh3 { This is nothing to worry about. There is no way for Black to attack my king. } 23. Qf3 Qd7 24. a5 { Tightening the screws on the queenside. } 24... Nf8 25. Bd2 Rec8 26. Nf1 Ng4 27. Na4 { Threatening a nasty fork at b6. } 27... Bd8 28. Rec1 Rab8 { OK, everything is ready for a decisive breakthrough on the queenside. } 29. b4 cxb4 30. Bxb4 h5 31. Nb6 Bxb6 32. axb6 Qe7 { Now I have a target at d6 and will advance my c-pawn at the appropriate moment . } 33. Qa3 Rd8 34. f3 Nh6 35. c5 dxc5 36. Bxc5 Qf6 37. Kg2 { Just a bit of safety, in case I want to move my queen. } 37... Re8 38. Be3 Nd7 39. Rab1 Qe7 { Here Black lost the game, because the rules required the completion of 40 moves by each player in 150 minutes each. But it doesn't matter, because I could just exchange queens and take the seventh rank with my rook. } 40. Qxe7 Rxe7 41. Rc7 { I doubt Black could hold this position. Try it against Gambit if you wish! } 1-0
[Event "Malta"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Natsis"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "63"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Nf3 { This move has become increasingly popular over the years. } 7... c5 8. Rb1 { The key idea to placing the knight on f3, the rook ties the Black bishop down to the defense of the b-pawn. } 8... O-O 9. Be2 Nc6 10. d5 { A pawn sacrifice which excepted will weaken the dark squares around Black's king. } 10... Bxc3+ { 10...Ne5 is also possible. } 11. Bd2 Bxd2+ 12. Qxd2 Nd4 { 12...Na5 13.h4 Bg4 14.h5 Bxh5 allows White a winning attack. } 13. Nxd4 cxd4 14. Qxd4 { White stands better because of his control over the center. } 14... Qa5+ 15. Qd2 Qxd2+ 16. Kxd2 Rd8 17. Ke3 { The ending is superior for White because of his potential passed d-pawn. } 17... b6 18. Rbc1 e6 19. Bc4 e5 { A mistake which gives White a passed d-pawn with nothing in return. 19...Kf8 20.Rhd1 Ke7 keeping pressure on White's center was better. } 20. Bb3 { Clearing the c-file for the White rooks. } 20... Bd7 21. Rc7 a5 22. d6 b5 23. f4 { With the idea of opening up the f-file to attack Black's weak f-pawn. } 23... exf4+ 24. Kxf4 Ra6 25. e5 a4 26. Bd5 a3 27. Rf1 { White has a won game thanks to his passed d-pawn and Black's weak pawn on f7. } 27... Ra4+ 28. Ke3 Be6 29. Bxe6 fxe6 30. Rff7 { White has exchange one advantage for another, namely control of the seventh rank. } 30... Rh4 31. Rg7+ Kh8 32. Rge7 { Black resigned because of White's pawn which will shortly promote into a queen. } 1-0
[Event "Malta Olympiad"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Ligterink"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "47"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. g3 Bb7 5. Bg2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Nc3 Ne4 8. Bd2 Bf6 9. Rc1 c5 10. d5 exd5 11. cxd5 Nxd2 12. Nxd2 d6 13. Nde4 Re8 14. Qd2 a6 15. b4 Be7 16. bxc5 bxc5 17. Qf4 Qc7 18. Na4 Qa5 19. Rb1 Bxd5 20. Nb6 Bxe4 21. Bxe4 Ra7 { Black's position does not look too bad, since White does not have much attacking force on the kingside. But since Qf5 will threaten mate (Qxh7+ and Qh8 mate), Kasparov sets up a double attack. } 22. Nc8 { The knight cannot be captured because then Qf5 will attack the rook and also threaten mate at h7. } 22... Nc6 23. Nxa7 Nxa7 24. Bd5 { Black resigned, because if 24...Rf8, then 25.Rb7 is deadly. } 1-0
[Event "World Junior Championship"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Hjorth"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "53"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. cxd5 exd5 5. g3 Nc6 6. Bg2 Nf6 7. Nc3 Be7 8. O-O O-O { The Classical Tarrasch is an interesting defense which I have played from both sides of the board. } 9. Bg5 c4 { This is a risky variation. For a while, this game stood as the refutation of the line, though improvements for Black have been found. } 10. Ne5 Be6 11. f4 Nxe5 12. fxe5 { I introduced this move in the present game. The idea is that the f-file will be a useful asset in the attack and that a pawn at d4 may be helpful too. } 12... Ne4 13. Bxe7 Nxc3 14. bxc3 Qxe7 { The only strategy available to White is to try to eliminate Black's pawn at d5 so that the central pawns can advance. Black will try to thrust the queenside pawns forward as quickly as possible. } 15. e4 Qd7 16. a4 { A very important move, restraining Black's queenside play. That accomplished, White can turn his attention to the kingside. } 16... Rfd8 17. Qh5 Rac8 { The battle lines are drawn. Now White doubles rooks on the f- file. This will leave the a-pawn hanging, but if the attack is fast enough it won't matter. } 18. Rf4 Rc7 19. Raf1 Qxa4 { Black should be worrying about the defense of his kingside, so 19...Qe8 was best, although White would retain a strong initiative. } 20. exd5 Rxd5 { Forced, since otherwise f7 loses its most valuable defender. The f7- square is the cornerstone of Black's position, and obviously White would like to play Rxf7 as soon as feasible. } 21. Bxd5 Bxd5 { The material is not important. If White does not break through quickly Black will make a new queen on the other flank. The goal is achieved effectively. } 22. e6 { What is surprising about this move is that it seems to contribute nothing to the task of deflecting the bishop from f7. In fact, however, it opens up the d5-square so that the White pawn can chase the bishop from the key square. } 22... Bxe6 23. d5 Qb5 { This creates a pin on the 5th rank, but the pin can be easily broken. 23...Rc5 24.Rxf7! 23...g6 24.Qh4 with the threat of Qd8+. } 24. Rh4 { The simultaneous threats at e6 and h7 force victory. } 24... Qc5+ 25. Rf2 Bxd5 26. Rd4 { This breaks the pin at f2 while exploiting the pin along the 5th rank. } 26... Rd7 27. Rf5 1-0
[Event "W Junior Championship Dortmund"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Kuijpers"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "55"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c5 4. d5 exd5 5. cxd5 d6 6. e4 g6 { The Benoni Defense leads to sharp and unbalanced positions. } 7. f4 { I consider this to be the true test of the Benoni Defense. } 7... Bg7 8. Bb5+ { This move poses Black a serious problem, since he must decide which piece to interpose with. } 8... Nfd7 { Theory considers this to be the best move. } 9. a4 { This prophylactic move keeps Black from expanding on the queenside with 9...a6 and then 10...b5. } 9... O-O 10. Nf3 a6 11. Be2 Nf6 12. O-O { White can already lay claim to a space advantage. } 12... Qc7 { 12...Bg4 13.e5 Nh5 14.Ng5 Bxe2 15.Qxe2 when White intends to trap Black's knight with 16.g4. } 13. e5 Ne8 14. e6 { With this central thrust White is able to turn his space advantage into a kingside attack. } 14... fxe6 15. Bc4 Qe7 { 15...exd5 allows White to win material. } 16. dxe6 Nc7 17. f5 Nc6 18. Bg5 Bf6 19. Ne4 Bxg5 20. Nfxg5 { White now intends to roll Black off the board with 21.f6. } 20... gxf5 21. Nxd6 { White's passed e-pawn combined with the exposed nature of Black's king add up to a winning advantage. } 21... Nd4 22. Qh5 Bxe6 { Black had to do something about the e-pawn, but now more pressure is added to the e-file. } 23. Rae1 { The pin on the e-file proves decisive. } 23... Rf6 24. Nxf5 Nxf5 25. Nxe6 Nxe6 26. Rxe6 Rxe6 27. Qxf5 { A new pin by the bishop ends the game. } 27... Re8 28. Re1 { Black resigned as material loss is unavoidable. } 1-0
[Event "World Junior Championship Dortmund"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Danailov"]
[Black "Kasparov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "60"]

1. c4 g6 2. Nf3 Bg7 3. Nc3 d6 4. d4 Nf6 5. e4 { The game has transposed to a King's Indian Defense. } 5... O-O 6. Be2 e5 7. dxe5 dxe5 8. Qxd8 Rxd8 { The Exchange Variation, which has a drawish reputation. } 9. Bg5 Nbd7 10. Nd5 { With the idea of exchanging off as many pieces as possible. However, this takes time and allows Black a slight advantage. Better was 10.O-O-O Rf8 11.Rhe1 c6 12.Nd2 Nc5 13.f3 a5 when it's unclear is Black can make anything of the hole on d4. } 10... c6 11. Ne7+ Kf8 12. Nxc8 Rdxc8 13. O-O-O Nc5 14. Bxf6 { Forced in view of the threat to White's e-pawn. } 14... Bxf6 15. Bd3 { Although the position may look equal Black has a small advantage thanks to White's hole on d4. } 15... a5 { So White will be unable to drive the knight away with b4. } 16. Rhe1 Re8 { Relieves the bishop from the protection of the e-pawn. } 17. Bf1 Bd8 18. g3 a4 19. Kc2 Ba5 20. Re3 Rad8 21. Rxd8 Rxd8 { With control of the d-file Black advantage will grow quickly. } 22. Bh3 { 22.Nxe5 Rd2+ 23.Kc1 Rxf2 } ( 22. Nxe5 Rd2+ 23. Kc1 Rxf2 24. Be2 Rxh2 25. Ng4 Rh1+ 26. Kc2 ) 22... f6 23. Re2 Ke7 24. Bg2 Nd3 25. a3 Nc5 { The knight returns to c5 to take advantage of the new hole at b3. } 26. h4 h5 27. Re3 g5 28. hxg5 fxg5 29. Re2 { 29.Nxg5 allows Black to win material. } ( 29. Nxg5 Bd2 30. Rf3 Bxg5 ) 29... Nb3 30. Kb1 Kf6 { White resigned since he is in zugzwang. } 0-1
[Event "Baku"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Csom"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "65"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 c5 5. Ne2 cxd4 6. exd4 O-O 7. a3 Be7 { If White does not advance the d-pawn now, Black will be able to plant a pawn at d5. } 8. d5 exd5 9. cxd5 Re8 { This is an interesting position. Black's pawn at d7 does not look very good, but the e-file can prove dangerous for White. } 10. g3 Bc5 11. Bg2 { A new move at the time, though it is very logical. Perhaps players of the White side were afraid of an attack on f2, but it doesn't go anywhere. } 11... d6 { 11...Ng4 12.O-O Qf6 13.Nf4 Nxf2 14.Rxf2 Bxf2+ 15.Kxf2 g5 16.Ne4 Rxe4 17.Bxe4 gxf4 18.Qg4+ } 12. h3 { This is a good move. White wants to castle, but doesn't want me to be able to use the g4-square. } 12... Bf5 13. O-O Nbd7 { This move is the cause of all of Black's problems. He should have played Ne4 first. } 14. g4 { Now I have the initiative, and I will never let go! Black's knights will be left with very little room for maneuver, and the bishop turns out to be misplaced at c5. } 14... Be4 15. Ng3 Bxg2 16. Kxg2 Nf8 17. g5 N6d7 18. h4 Ne5 { Instead, tougher resistance would have been provided by 18...Re8, 19...Bb6 and 20...Nc5. } 19. h5 { The threats are becoming clear: Ne4, and later h6, with b4 and Bb2 also in the air. } 19... f6 20. Nce4 fxg5 21. Bxg5 Qb6 22. h6 Nf7 23. hxg7 Nd7 24. Nf6+ Nxf6 25. Bxf6 { Black's king is doomed. } 25... Qb5 26. Rh1 Bb6 27. Qf3 Ne5 28. Nf5 Nf7 { Here I finish off the game with a bit of flair. Do you see the winning sacrifice? } 29. Rxh7 { Here Csom resigned. } 29... Kxh7 30. Qh5+ Kg8 31. Qh8+ Nxh8 32. gxh8=Q+ Kf7 33. Qg7# 1-0
[Event "Baku"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Garcia"]
[Black "Kasparov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[PlyCount "78"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d5 e6 4. Nc3 exd5 5. cxd5 d6 6. e4 g6 { The Benoni fense, which leads to sharp play because of its unbalanced pawn structure. } 7. Bf4 { Played with the hope of exploiting Black's d-pawn, which is somewhat weakened by the fianchetto of the dark squared bishop. } 7... Bg7 8. Qa4+ Bd7 9. Qb3 Qc7 10. Nf3 { 10.Bxd6 Decoying the queen from the protection of the b-pawn. would backfire after 10...Qxd6 11.Qxb7 O-O 12.Qxa8 Qb6 } 10... O-O 11. e5 Re8 { Thus Black is able to take advantage of White's king which has remained in the center. 11...dxe5 12.Bxe5 Re8 13.O-O-O Rxe5 14.Nxe5 Qxe5 15.Qxb7 Wins material for White. } 12. Be2 { 12.O-O-O dxe5 13.d6 is also possible. } 12... Nh5 { In this way Black is able to alleviate the pressure on his d-pawn. } 13. Be3 { 13.exd6 Bxc3+ 14.Qxc3 allows Black to win material. } 13... dxe5 14. O-O Qb6 15. Nd2 Nf4 16. Bc4 { 16.Bf3 Keeping the c4 square open for the knight makes more sense. } 16... Na6 17. Rfc1 Bf5 18. Qd1 { Going backwards with his development in not to be recommended. Better was 18.Nde4. 18.Nde4 } 18... g5 { An amazing idea the Black queen will be able to use the 6th rank to transfer over to the kingside. } 19. Nb3 Qg6 20. Bxa6 bxa6 21. Nxc5 { Black's lost pawn is only temporary as White will be unable to protect his isolated d-pawn. } 21... Rad8 22. Qa4 { Understanda bly White is nervous about his queen being on the d- file. But moving so far from the protection of his king should make him feel worse. 22.Qd2 would have been wiser. } 22... e4 23. Qxa6 Qh5 { While White has been chasing after pawns Black has been getting ready for a kingside attack. } 24. Qf1 Be5 { I am now threatening to play 25...Ne2+ followed by 26...Qxh2+ mate. 24...Rd6 25.N5xe4 Bxe4 26.Nxe4 Rxe4 27.Rc8+ Bf8 28.Bc5 Ne2+ 29.Kh1 allows Black a forced mate. } 25. Bxf4 Bxf4 26. g3 Bxc1 27. Rxc1 Rd6 28. Re1 Rh6 29. Qg2 Bh3 { Black has a winning position due to his kingside attack combined with his material advantage. } 30. g4 Qxg4 31. Qxg4 Bxg4 32. N5xe4 Kf8 33. Rc1 Bf3 34. Nd2 g4 35. Nxf3 gxf3 36. Rd1 Re5 { White resigned as his d-pawn is unable to advance. For example... } 37. Kh1 Reh5 38. d6 Rxh2+ 39. Kg1 Rh1# 0-1
[Event "USSR Teams"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1980.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kasparov"]
[Black "Pribyl"]
[Result "1-0"]
[PlyCount "61"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Nf3 { In this position Black usually strikes at the White center with 7...c5 or 7... O-O 8.Be2 c5. } 7... b6 8. Bb5+ c6 9. Bc4 O-O 10. O-O Ba6 11. Bxa6 Nxa6 12. Qa4 { 12.Bg5 Qd7 13.Qd2 is also better for White due to his strong center and the Black knight which is out of the game at c6. } 12... Qc8 13. Bg5 Qb7 14. Rfe1 e6 15. Rab1 c5 { A natural and practically forced move. Since, 16.c4 was threatened. 15...h6 16.Be3 is better for White due to his control of the center. } 16. d5 Bxc3 17. Red1 exd5 18. exd5 Bg7 { The strong passed d-pawn and the unfortunate placement of Black's pieces compensate White for the small material loss. } 19. d6 f6 { Now White would have a pretty good position after 20.Bf4, but I preferred a more energetic and interesting continuation. } 20. d7 fxg5 { 20...Rad8 21.Qc4+ Kh8 22.Ne5 with the threat of 23.Nf7+. 22...fxg5 23.Nf7+ Kg8 when White has a forced mate in three. } 21. Qc4+ Kh8 22. Nxg5 Bf6 { 22...Bd4 23.Rxd4 cxd4 24.Qxd4+ Kg8 25.Ne6 is winning for White due to the dual threats of mate on g7 and the pawn promotion. } 23. Ne6 Nc7 24. Nxf8 Rxf8 25. Rd6 { With the terrible threat of 26.Rxf6 followed by the promoting of White's d- pawn. 25.Qxc5 Qxg2+ 26.Kxg2 bxc5 27. Rb7 Ne6 28.Rd6 Nf4+ 29.Kf1 Bd8 30.Rxa7 is also better for White, but I wanted more! } 25... Be7 26. d8=Q Bxd8 27. Qc3+ Kg8 28. Rd7 Bf6 29. Qc4+ Kh8 30. Qf4 { The forcing variation has concluded and White will regain his piece. } 30... Qa6 31. Qh6 { Black resigned since he has no good defense against the intended 32. Qxh7+ mate. } 1-0