Icannos/chess_studies huggingface dataset:
[Event "Amsterdam"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1950.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Pilnik"]
[Black "Kramer"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "01: Active Bishop"]
[FEN "r1bq1rk1/4bppp/p1n2n2/1pppp3/4P3/2PP1N2/PPB2PPP/R1BQRNK1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "27"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ An active bishop obtained at the cost of a backward pawn  With his last move .
.. Pd5, Black has taken the initiative in the centre, and now threatens either
to gain space and freedom by ... Pd4 or else release tension by ... Pdxe4.  
 Although after exchanges on e4 Black will have a weak point at d5, which
White may exploit by Ne3-d5, but under the circumstances this is less
important } 1. exd5 ( 1. -- dxe4 2. dxe4 -- 3. Bb3 c4 { White's bishop isn't active } ) 1... Qxd5 2. Qe2 Bb7 3. Bg5 $1 ( 3. Nxe5 Nxe5 4. Qxe5 Qxg2# ) ( 3. Bb3 { threat to win the pawn } 3... Qd7 4. Nxe5 Nxe5 5. Qxe5 Bd6 $44 { a strong attack } ) 3... Rfe8 4. Bh4 { threatening to win the e-pawn with Bg3 as well as making room for Ng5 with Bb3 } 4... Rad8 { Apparently Black still stands very well. His pressure on the d-pawn
seems to condemn the Bishop to passivity } 5. Bb3 $3 { This deep moves demonstrates otherwise } ( 5. Red1 { relieves Black's chief worry of protecting the e-pawn } ) ( 5. Rad1 Qxa2 ) 5... Qxd3 6. Qxd3 Rxd3 7. Nxe5 Nxe5 8. Rxe5 c4 $2 { The Black pieces are
awkardly ties up, while the White ones have developed great activity. With the
text move Black hopes to persuade the dangerous bishop to be more modest, but
he doesn't succeed } ( 8... Bd6 $2 { the point of Bb3 } 9. Rxe8+ Nxe8 10. Bc2 Rd5 11. Be4 Rh5 12. Bxb7 Rxh4 13. Bxa6 $16 { winning ending } ) ( 8... Rdd8 $1 { best defence } 9. Rae1 Kf8 ) 9. Bc2 Rdd8 ( 9... Rd7 10. Rae1 Nd5 11. Bf5 Rc7 12. Bg3 $18 { Rippis } ) 10. Rae1 Kf8 11. Bxh7 $1 Bd6 ( 11... Nxh7 12. Bxe7+ $16 ) ( 11... g6 12. Bg5 Ng8 13. Bc1 ( 13. Bxg8 Bxg5 14. Rxe8+ Rxe8 15. Rxe8+ Kxe8 $19 ) 13... -- { there is no avoiding Bxg8. } ( 13... Nf6 14. Bh6# ) 14. Bxg8 ) 12. Rxe8+ Rxe8 13. Rxe8+ Nxe8 14. Bc2 $18 1-0
[Event "Hastings"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1934.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Euwe"]
[Black "Thomas"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "01: Active Bishop"]
[FEN "r1b2rk1/pp2qppp/2p5/5P2/2B5/2R1P3/PP4PP/3Q1RK1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "20"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ A well-known position from the orthodox Queen's gambit declined. This
position, which has occured hundred of times in practise, provides an
excellent exmple of an active bishop. The problems facing both players are
clear-cut. White must play for a direct attack, to make the most from his
temporary advantage. Black still has to solve the problem of how to put his
Bishop to work. } 1... b5 { Black sets about it by force } 2. Bb3 b4 3. f6 { An unpleasant intermediate move which breaks open the King's position. } ( 3. -- Ba6 { solving the problem of developing the bishop } ) ( 3. Rxc6 Qxe3+ 4. Kh1 Bb7 { offers White less } ) 3... gxf6 4. Rxc6 Qxe3+ 5. Kh1 Bb7 { The most consequent continuation by which the Black bishop also assumes an
active role. But the weakening of the King's position now begins to bearfruit } ( 5... Be6 6. Bxe6 fxe6 7. Qg4+ Qg5 8. Qxe6+ Kh8 9. Rxf6 Rg8 ( 9... Rfe8 10. Qf7 $1 ) 10. Rf2 $1 ) ( 5... f5 6. Qh5 { winning attack } ( 6. Rf3 ) ) 6. Rcxf6 Qe4 7. Qd2 Kh8 ( 7... Rad8 $2 8. Qg5+ Kh8 9. Rxf7 $18 ) 8. Bxf7 Rac8 ( 8... Rad8 9. Qg5 ( 9. Qf2 Qe7 10. Bb3 Rxf6 11. Qxf6+ Qxf6 12. Rxf6 Bd5 $1 ) 9... Rg8 10. Bxg8 Rxg8 11. Rf8 Qxg2+ $11 12. Qxg2 Bxg2+ 13. Kg1 Bxf1+ 14. Rxg8+ Kxg8 15. Kxf1 { draw } ) 9. R6f2 $1 ( 9. Bb3 $2 Rxf6 10. Rxf6 Qxg2+ 11. Qxg2 Rc1+ 12. Rf1 Rxf1# ) 9... Rcd8 ( 9... Qg4 ) 10. Qg5 Rd6 ( 10... Qd4 11. Bd5 Qg7 ( 11... Rxf2 12. Qxd8+ Kg7 13. Qg5+ Kf8 14. Qg8+ Ke7 15. Re1+ Kd6 16. Bxb7 $18 ) 12. Rxf8+ Rxf8 13. Rxf8+ Qxf8 14. Qe5+ Qg7 15. Qe8+ Qg8 16. Qxg8# ) 11. Bd5 $1 { The activity of the Bishop has reached its high point } 1-0
[Event "Amsterdam"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Stahlberg"]
[Black "Trifunovic"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "01: Active Bishop"]
[FEN "r1b2rk1/pp3ppp/2p2q2/5P2/2B5/2R1P3/PP4PP/3Q1RK1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "20"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ How the active bishop in the orthodox Queen's gambit declined can be rendered
harmless by Black  The position is nearly identical to the previous one, but
the one small difference is very important. Black has retreated his Queen to
f6 instead of e7. Thus the possibility of his Kingside being broken up by f6
does not arise for the time being, and he can attend peacefully to the problem
of his Bishop. } 1... a5 { Preparing ... Pb5. } 2. a4 ( 2. Bb3 a4 { First advantage: White is driven from the the a2-g8 diagonal } ) ( 2. -- b5 3. Bd3 Ba6 { Black has solved the problem of his bishop } ) ( 2. a3 b5 3. Ba2 b4 4. Rc5 Ba6 5. Re1 Bb5 { Black has definitely solved teh problem of the Bishop } ) 2... Rb8 3. Qc2 Bd7 ( 3... b5 $2 4. axb5 cxb5 5. Bxb5 Rxb5 6. Rxc8 ) 4. Rd3 Rbd8 5. Qd2 { Seemingly very strong, attacking the Bishop and the a-pawn simultaneously } 5... b5 $1 ( 5... Bc8 6. Qxa5 $1 Rxd3 7. Bxd3 Qxb2 8. f6 $1 { And suddenly White has a strong attack } ) 6. axb5 ( 6. Rd6 $2 Bc8 $1 ) ( 6. Bxb5 cxb5 7. Rxd7 Rxd7 8. Qxd7 Qxb2 9. axb5 Rb8 { meagre winning chances } ) 6... cxb5 7. Bd5 Bc6 8. e4 ( 8. Bxc6 Rxd3 9. Qxd3 Qxc6 { Black's pawn majority is more dangerous } ) 8... Bxd5 9. exd5 Qb6+ 10. Qf2 Qxf2+ 11. Kxf2 $11 1/2-1/2
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Poletayev"]
[Black "Flohr"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "01: Active Bishop"]
[FEN "8/k1q2pp1/pp1rp3/3n4/P7/1R4PP/2P1Q1B1/6K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "17"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ A position in which an active Bishop proves too strong for a knight  Both
king positions are seriously weakened, and but for the presence of minor
pieces on the board Black would have the better chances, due to his extra pawn.
Yet in the present circumstances the White bishop is so much stronger than the
Black knight that White has a won game. The bishop not only shields the
weakness of White's king position, but also lends decisive strength to the
attack which follows. } 1. c4 { First of all, the hostile Knight must be dislodged from his strong position. } 1... Ne7 2. Qf3 Qc6 3. Qxf7 Qc5+ 4. Kh2 Rd1 { Black suddenly produced
the counterthreat of Qg1 mate, a threat not easily parried. } 5. Re3 $1 ( 5. g4 Qd6+ 6. Rg3 Rd3 $132 ) ( 5. h4 g5 $1 ) 5... b5 { since defence is useless, Black makes one last desparate attempt } ( 5... Qxe3 6. Qxe7+ Kb8 7. Qb7# ) ( 5... Rd7 6. Qxe6 ( 6. Qf3 ) ) 6. Qxe6 Nc8 7. a5 $1 { Preventing the escape of the King via b6 } 7... Qc7 ( 7... -- 8. Qf7+ ) 8. Qe4 Qb8 9. Qg4 1-0
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1947.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Zvetkov"]
[Black "Smyslov"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "01: Bad Bishop"]
[FEN "2b2rk1/p3q2p/1p1p2p1/2pP1r2/2B5/6QP/PPP2RP1/5RK1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "73"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The bad Bishop inside the pawn chain, and with no support-point  The White
Bishop is inferior to the Black one because of the blocked pawn on d5. The
inferiority is not yet decisive, since only one pawn is fixed on the wrong
colour. We shall now see how Black strives to increase his advantage. } 1... Rxf2 2. Rxf2 Qe1+ 3. Bf1 Rxf2 4. Qxf2 Qe5 { The intention of the text is
plain: Black hopes to force Pc5 and make the White Bishop less effective } ( { By exchanging Queens at this point, Black could already have brought about a
pure Bishop ending, but his advantage would have been too slight to lead to a
win } 4... Qxf2+ 5. Kxf2 Kf7 6. Ke3 Kf6 7. g3 Ke5 8. c4 Bf5 9. h4 $11 { And white can hold out } ) 5. Qe2 Qd4+ ( 5... Qxd5 $4 6. Qe8+ $18 ) 6. Kh2 Kf8 7. c4 $2 { Such pawn moves should be made only if no other possibility remains. } ( 7. Qf3+ Kg7 8. c3 Qe5+ 9. Kg1 Bb7 10. Bc4 ) 7... Bf5 8. g4 $2 { Another pawn on the wrong colout! } ( 8. g3 { giving White the opportunity to
chase the Black bishop with offers to exchange by Bh3 and Bg2. After the text
move Black's advantage is of decisive signifance } ) 8... Bb1 9. a3 ( 9. b3 Qe5+ 10. Qxe5 dxe5 $17 11. a3 Bc2 12. b4 cxb4 13. axb4 a5 14. bxa5 bxa5 15. c5 a4 16. Bc4 Bb3 $1 $19 ) 9... Be4 $1 10. Kg3 ( 10. Bg2 Bd3 11. Qe6 Qe5+ 12. Qxe5 dxe5 13. b3 Ke7 ) 10... Qe5+ 11. Kf2 Qf4+ 12. Ke1 Kg7 13. Qd2 Qe5 14. Qc3 { A common occurence in such positions. White's bad bishop keeps him on the
defensive, and to put an ent to the continual threats he seizes the
opportunity of exchanging Queens. But thereby he only jumps from the
frying-pan into the fire, for the endgame is lost. } ( 14. Qe3 g5 15. Kd1 Qd4+ 16. Qxd4+ cxd4 17. b4 Kf6 $19 ) 14... Qxc3+ 15. bxc3 { Afull treatment of
this ending would be out of place in a work on the middlegame, but we give the
moves to show that the handicap of the bad bishop really is decisive. } 15... g5 $1 { fixing the white pawns on white squares } 16. Kf2 Kf6 17. Ke3 Ke5 18. Be2 Bc2 19. Kd2 Bb1 20. Ke3 h6 21. Bf3 Bc2 22. Be2 a6 $1 23. Kd2 Ba4 24. Ke3 b5 25. cxb5 axb5 26. Bf3 Bb3 27. Be2 Bc4 28. Bxc4 bxc4 29. a4 Kxd5 30. a5 Kc6 31. Ke4 d5+ 32. Ke5 d4 33. cxd4 c3 34. d5+ Kd7 35. a6 c2 36. a7 c1=Q 37. a8=Q Qf4# 0-1
[Event "Leningrad"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1939.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Botvinnik"]
[Black "Kan"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "01: Bad Bishop"]
[ECO "E21"]
[PlyCount "81"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The bad bishop outside the pawn chain and in possession of a support-point } 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 Qa5 7. Bd2 Ne4 8. Qc2 Nxd2 9. Nxd2 d6 10. e3 e5 11. dxe5 dxe5 12. Bd3 h6 13. O-O O-O 14. f4 Nd7 15. f5 Nf6 16. Ne4 Qd8 17. Nxf6+ Qxf6 18. Be4 Rb8 19. Rad1 b6 20. h3 Ba6 21. Bd5 b5 22. cxb5 Rxb5 23. c4 Rb6 24. Rb1 Rd8 25. Rxb6 axb6 26. e4 Bc8 { The White bishop
is very bad, since three of his pawns are fixed on his own colour. But thanks
to the fact that the Bishop is outside the pawn chain and posted on a square
from which it rakes both wings of the enemy position, it is precisely this
"bad" bishop which is White's winnning trump! } 27. Qa4 Bd7 28. Qa7 { Under the circumstances White has no thought of exchanging his bad Bishop for
Black's good one. } 28... Be8 ( 28... Bc6 29. Qxb6 ) 29. Rb1 Rd6 30. a4 Kh7 ( 30... Qd8 31. a5 bxa5 32. Rb8 $18 ) 31. a5 bxa5 32. Qxa5 ( 32. Qxc5 a4 $132 ) 32... Ra6 33. Qxc5 Ra2 34. Qe3 $1 Qa6 35. Rb8 Qa4 36. Kh2 Ra3 ( 36... Qc2 37. Qg3 Ra1 ( 37... Ba4 38. Bxf7 $18 ) 38. Rxe8 Qc1 39. Qg6+ fxg6 40. Bg8+ Kh8 41. Bf7+ Kh7 42. Bxg6# { Botvinnik } ) 37. Qc5 Ra2 38. Ra8 Qxa8 ( 38... Qc2 39. Rxa2 Qxa2 40. Qe7 Qd2 41. Qxe5 $18 ( 41. Qxe8 Qf4+ 42. Kg1 Qe3+ 43. Kf1 Qc1+ 44. Kf2 Qd2+ 45. Kf3 Qd3+ 46. Kg4 Qe2+ $11 ) ) 39. Bxa8 Rxa8 40. Qxe5 Bc6 41. Qc7 1-0
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1948.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Keres"]
[Black "Konstantinopolsky"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "01: Bad Bishop"]
[FEN "r1bq1rk1/p6p/2p1p3/2PpPpp1/8/P1Q5/1P3PPP/R1B2RK1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "69"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The struggle between a bad bishop outside the pawn chain and a bad bishop
within the chain  While Black's bad Bishop has an open diagaonal at his
disposal, the White bad bishop is condemned to a very passive role. it is
plain that Black's advantage in mobility can be exploited only in the
middlegame. An endgame may well be drawn, since the Bishops control
opposite-coloured squares. It usual to speak of "unlike Bishops", or "Bishops
of opposite colours", although these expressions are not litereally correct. 
 Many players have a holy dread of such bishops, since in an ending it can
happen that an advantage of two or even three pawns may not suffice to force a
win. But before an ending the Gods have placed the middlegame as Dr. Tarrasch
often remarked. And this really is quite logical; the fact that the Bishops
work on opposite colours means that one can never defend what the other
attacks.    Black has attacking chances on the Kingside, and we see that
through the presence of the unlike Bishops the pressure on the White position
steadily increases. } 1... f4 { Prevents the development of the Bishop to e3 and
at the same time obstructs the natural protection of the e-pawn with Pf4. the
onus of guarding this pawn now falls on the Bishop which is thereby doomed by
passivity. } 2. Bd2 Ba6 3. Rfe1 Rb8 4. Qd4 Bc4 { The bad bishop was already begue to show alarming activity } 5. Bc3 Qe8 6. Qd1 Rb7 { it is evident that 7. Pb4 and 8. Pa4 would be quite useless , since
the advance Pb5 could never be forced through } 7. a4 Qg6 8. Ra3 g4 9. Bd4 Rg7 10. f3 ( 10. -- Rf5 11. -- Rh5 12. -- Qh6 ) 10... h5 11. Rc3 Rf5 12. Kh1 ( 12. Qc2 gxf3 13. Rxf3 { undefended piece tactic } 13... Rxe5 14. Qxg6 Rxe1+ 15. Rf1 Rxf1# ) 12... Rg5 13. b3 Ba6 { Black is now fully prepared to attack.
He has been able to post every piece splendidly, while White for his part can
only adopt a waiting attitude. } 14. Rg1 gxf3 15. Qxf3 Qe4 { very awkward for White since the Bishop cannot abadon protection of the e-pawn } 16. Qf2 ( 16. Rd1 Rxg2 ) ( 16. Qxe4 dxe4 { Easy win for Black's pieces control the board } ) 16... Bd3 { The bishop heads
for the magnificent post e4 from where it will decisively reinforce the attack
against g2 } 17. b4 ( 17. Re1 Rxg2 18. Rxe4 Rxf2 ( 18... Bxe4 ) 19. Rxd3 ( 19. Re1 Be4+ 20. Rf3 Bxf3# ) 19... Rf1+ 20. Bg1 Rfxg1# ) 17... Qf5 18. b5 Be4 19. bxc6 Rxg2 20. Rxg2 Rxg2 21. Qxg2+ Bxg2+ 22. Kxg2 Qe4+ 23. Kf1 f3 ( 23... Qxd4 $2 24. c7 $1 ) 24. Be3 Qg6 25. Ke1 Qb1+ 26. Kd2 ( 26. Rc1 Qd3 ) ( 26. Kf2 Qh1 $19 ) 26... Qb2+ 27. Rc2 ( 27. Kd3 Qe2+ 28. Kd4 f2 29. c7 Qg4+ $19 ) 27... Qxe5 28. c7 Qxh2+ 29. Kd1 Qxc7 30. c6 e5 31. Bxa7 d4 { The beginning of an exactly calculated final combination } 32. Bb6 d3 33. Rc1 ( 33. Bxc7 dxc2+ 34. Kxc2 f2 $19 ) 33... Qxb6 34. c7 Qxc7 35. Rxc7 f2 0-1
[Event "Groningen"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1946.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Guimard"]
[Black "Euwe"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[FEN "r4r2/2p2p1k/1p1p2pp/1PnPp1q1/p1P1P1P1/P3NPR1/3Q3P/4R2K b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "19"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The Knight has several support-points  The Black Knight on c5 already stands
very well, but if need be it can move via b3 to d4, where under certain
circumstances it may be even more active.  By contrast, the White Knight has
no prospect of improving its position. It could go to b4 to c6, but there it
would be virtually out of play, since the pawn position would not allow the
other White pieces to cooperate with it. } 1... Rh8 { with the intention of opening a file for the Rooks } 2. Qe2 Kg7 3. Ng2 ( 3. Nf5+ Kf8 { loses time as the knight must retreat } ) 3... h5 4. h4 hxg4 { An important intermediate move, which prevents White from closing the position
by Pg5 } 5. fxg4 { Gives Black the opportunity for a decisive combination } ( 5. Rxg4 ) 5... Rxh4+ $1 6. Nxh4 Rh8 ( 6... Qxh4+ 7. Qh2 ) 7. Kg2 ( 7. Rh3 Rxh4 8. Rxh4 ( 8. Qh2 Rxg4 9. Rh7+ Kf8 10. Rf1 Rf4 ) 8... Qxh4+ 9. Kg2 Nd3 $1 ) 7... Qxh4 8. g5 Nb3 9. Rg1 Nd2 { The point of the final combination. The square f1 is guarded. } 10. Kf2 ( 10. Qxd2 Qh2+ 11. Kf3 Qxd2 ) 10... Nxe4+ 0-1
[Event "Beverwijk"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Rossolimo"]
[Black "Kramer"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[FEN "7r/5pk1/p3p1p1/1p1nP1q1/3Q4/6P1/PP2BP2/3R2K1 w - - 0 2"]
[PlyCount "26"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Knight with support point against good bishop  White is handicapped here by
his weak e-pawn, and is in no position to render the Knight harmless } 2. Bf3 Rd8 3. a3 Rd7 4. b4 { White has fixed enemy pawn on light squares so that
in a B vs N ending he would have good chances. The snag is that the Knight now
has a second support point at c4 } 4... Qd8 5. Rc1 { To be able to exchange the
dangerous Knight at last; but this piece now jumps across to its second
outpost } 5... Nb6 6. Qc5 Nc4 7. Rxc4 { nothing better } ( 7. a4 Nd2 8. Bd1 Ne4 9. Qc2 Nxf2 10. Qxf2 Rxd1+ $19 ) ( 7. Rc3 Rd3 $1 ) ( 7. Be2 Rd5 8. Qa7 Rxe5 9. Bxc4 Qd2 $1 10. Rf1 bxc4 11. Qxa6 c3 ) 7... bxc4 8. Qxc4 Qb6 ( 8... Rd3 { quicker } 9. Bb7 Rxa3 10. Bxa6 Qd2 ) 9. Be2 a5 10. Qf4 axb4 11. axb4 Rd5 12. Bf3 ( 12. b5 Qb8 13. Qf6+ Kg8 14. f4 Qb6+ $19 ) 12... Rd4 13. Qf6+ Kg8 14. Bg2 Qxb4 0-1
[Event "Dubrovnik"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1950.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "O'Kelly"]
[Black "Najdorf"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[FEN "r1q1r1k1/1ppb1pb1/3p1np1/1NnN3p/p1P1P3/4B1PP/PPQ2PBK/R2R4 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "43"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Knight with support point against bishop without support point  With this
last move Nd4-b2, White gave his opponent the opportunity for the following
transaction } 1... Nxd5 2. exd5 Bxb5 3. cxb5 a3 4. Bd4 ( 4. Bxc5 axb2 5. Rab1 dxc5 6. Qxc5 Rxa2 $17 ) 4... Bxd4 5. Rxd4 axb2 6. Qxb2 b6 { Now Black has a beautifully posted knight against a bad Bishop - a decisive
advantage. From now on there is little White can do. } 7. Rd2 Qf5 8. Re2 Nd3 { This Knight has no intention of abadoning his strong point for good. With
this foray, Blac achieves maximum activity for his other pieces } 9. Rxe8+ Rxe8 10. Qc2 Qe5 11. Rd1 Nc5 { Now it becomes clear: Black threatens to
invade the seventh rank, and also start a direct attack by 12. ... h4 } 12. h4 Qe2 13. Qd2 ( 13. Qxe2 Rxe2 14. f3 Rxa2 $17 ) 13... Qxb5 14. Re1 Rxe1 15. Qxe1 Qb2 16. f4 ( 16. Qe8+ Kg7 17. Qc8 Qxf2 18. Qxc7 Ne4 { It is remark
able how this powerfully posted Knight influences the whole battlefield } ) 16... Kf8 17. f5 Qe5 18. Qf1 Qxf5 19. Qxf5 gxf5 20. Bf3 Ne4 21. Bxh5 Nc3 22. Bf3 Nxa2 0-1
[Event "Berne"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Michell"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[FEN "r4rk1/pp3ppp/2n1q3/8/8/P7/1P3PPP/R1BQ1RK1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "68"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The struggle of Knight against bishop in an open position } 1. Re1 Rfd8 2. Bd2 Qf5 3. Rc1 Ne5 $1 4. Qc2 Nd3 5. Rf1 ( 5. Re2 $2 Nxc1 6. Qxf5 Nxe2+ 7. Kf1 Rxd2 $19 ) 5... Qg4 6. Rcd1 Qe2 { This prevents the active placing of the Bishop on c3 } 7. Qb1 Rd5 8. Be3 { In the present circumstances the Bishop stands even better here than on c3,
attacking a7 and defending f2. Yet Black retains a slight pull, thanks to his
space advantage } 8... Rad8 9. Rd2 Qh5 10. Rfd1 { White prefers to dispel the
Knight from its strong position rather than snatch the a-pawn. } ( 10. Bxa7 Nf4 11. Rxd5 Rxd5 ( 11... Qxd5 12. f3 Qd2 13. Bf2 $14 ) 12. -- Ne2+ 13. Kh1 Qxh2+ 14. Kxh2 Rh5# ) 10... b6 $1 11. f3 ( 11. Rxd3 Qxd1+ $1 12. Qxd1 Rxd3 $19 ) 11... Qg6 12. Qc2 h6 13. Kf1 { The beginning of a complicated Knight maneuver } 13... Kh7 14. Qc3 ( 14. g3 Qf5 15. Ke2 Nf4+ ) 14... R8d6 15. b4 h5 16. g3 Qf5 17. Ke2 { White has achieved
his object: the Knight must flee and content itself with a more modest role.
Although the Knight is driven out, the results of the work remain visible. The
White King is insecure and Black's heavy pieces are nicely placed } 17... Ne5 18. Bf4 Rxd2+ 19. Rxd2 Rc6 { it is important for Black to keep one Rook
on the board, with an eye on the position of White's King. Further exchanges
would only favour White } 20. Qd4 ( 20. Qxe5 Re6 ) 20... Ng6 21. Bd6 { The roles ar
e reversed. Now it is the Bishop which enjoys a temporary strong point } 21... Qh3 22. Ke3 Qf1 23. Rd1 Qg2 24. Qd2 Qh3 25. Qd5 Rc2 26. Rd2 ( 26. Qxf7 Qg2 $19 ) 26... Rc3+ 27. Rd3 Rc1 28. Qxf7 Qxh2 29. Qf5 Rc4 30. Rd1 Rc3+ 31. Kd4 ( 31. Rd3 Qg1+ 32. Ke4 Rxd3 33. Qxh5+ Kg8 34. Kxd3 Qd1+ 35. Kc4 Qxd6 $19 ) 31... Rxa3 32. Kd5 Rc3 33. Ke6 { A serious blunder, which puts an untimely end to the struggle. } ( 33. Kd4 Qb2 34. Qxh5+ Kg8 35. Qxg6 Rc1+ 36. Ke3 Rxd1 37. Qe8+ Kh7 $11 ) 33... Qe2+ 34. Kf7 Rc7+ 0-1
[Event "USSR Ch"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1949.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Flohr"]
[Black "Goldberg"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[ECO "A90"]
[PlyCount "95"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ A difference of opinoun concerning the Knight and the bad Bishop } 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 d5 5. O-O Bd6 6. c4 c6 7. b3 Qe7 8. Bb2 O-O 9. Qc2 Bd7 10. Ne5 Na6 11. Nxd7 ( 11. Nd2 Be8 { Kotov-Goldberg. In the post mortem
Flohr contended that White should have exchanged on d7, but the other masters
thought it would have been wrong to exchange the Knight for the bad Bishop } ) 11... Qxd7 { In view of the weak pawn skeleton c6-d5-e6-f5, it would seem
important for Black to preserve his light squared Bishop for the defence, and
according to Flohr, it's absence from d7 will weigh decisively in White's
favour as soon as he succeeds in opening some lines } 12. Nd2 g5 13. Nf3 Qg7 14. Qc1 g4 $2 { Flohr supposed this to be forced, but it tips the
balance in White's favour.  White's Knight now gets a support-point of the
utmost importance on f4, from which it can blunt the coming Kingside attack. } ( 14... Ne4 ) 15. Ne5 Nb8 16. Ba3 { Exchanging Black's good bishop } 16... Bxa3 17. Qxa3 Nbd7 18. Nd3 Rfe8 19. Rac1 Nf8 20. Qb2 h5 21. b4 h4 22. b5 hxg3 23. fxg3 Qh6 24. Nf4 Re7 25. e3 Rh7 26. Bh1 Nh5 { Thus far the
game has followed clear-cut line: Black presses on the Kingside, but White is
poised ready to open files on the Queenside } 27. Qf2 ( 27. -- Nxg3 28. hxg3 Qxh1+ 29. Kf2 Rh2+ 30. Ng2 Qxg2+ 31. Ke1 Qxb2 $19 ) 27... Nd7 28. bxc6 ( 28. Nd3 ) 28... bxc6 29. cxd5 Nxf4 ( 29... exd5 30. Rxc6 ( 30. Nxd5 ) ) 30. exf4 exd5 ( 30... cxd5 31. Rc6 Nb6 32. Re1 $16 ) 31. Rfe1 Nb6 32. Re5 Nc4 { sacrificing a pawn } ( 32... Rf8 33. Qe2 { meagre prospects } ) 33. Rxf5 $2 ( 33. Rxd5 Rb8 34. Rc5 Rb2 35. Rxc6 Qh5 36. R1xc4 Rxf2 37. Rc8+ Kg7 38. Kxf2 Qxh2+ 39. Bg2 $16 ) 33... Re8 34. Rg5+ Rg7 35. Re1 $2 Rxe1+ 36. Qxe1 Rxg5 37. Qe8+ Qf8 38. Qe6+ Qf7 39. Qxf7+ Kxf7 40. fxg5 Ne3 41. Bg2 Nf5 42. Kf2 Nxd4 43. h4 gxh3 44. Bxh3 Ne6 45. g6+ Kf6 46. Ke3 Ke5 47. Kd3 c5 48. Bg4 1/2-1/2
[Event "Baarn"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1949.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Henneberke"]
[Black "Kramer"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[FEN "r4rk1/1pp1qp2/p2p2pp/2bPp3/4PP2/2PQ4/PP1N2PP/R4R1K b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "18"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ A borderline case with bad Bishop outside the pawn chain, against Knight 
 White has just played 1. Pf4, evidently forestalling Black from taking the
initiative with ... Pf5. We saw that a Bad Bishop outside the pawn chain can
be a full-strength piece, provided that the other pieces can cooperate well
with it. } 1... f6 ( 1... exf4 { open up the game } 2. Rxf4 f5 3. exf5 $2 ( 3. Raf1 fxe4 4. Nxe4 Rxf4 5. Rxf4 Rf8 6. Rxf8+ Kxf8 7. h3 Bb6 $11 ) 3... Qe3 $17 ) 2. Rf3 Kg7 3. f5 $1 g5 4. Rh3 Qf7 5. g4 { This is a very difference
situation. The Bishop is out of play, and suddenly the Knight is much strong.
White has a positionally won game } 5... -- 6. Rh5 -- 7. Nf3 -- 8. Kg2 -- 9. Rh1 -- 10. h4 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1933.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Botvinnik"]
[Black "Flohr"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "02: The Knight"]
[FEN "5k2/2q2npp/1ppp1p2/5P2/2P2P2/1P2Q1P1/6BP/6K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "20"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Another borderline case with Knight against Bishop  The game was adjourned in
this position, and it was thought that 1. Bf3 might win. } 1. b4 d5 $3 { A pretty sacrifice which kills two birds with one stone: the White Bishop
becomes bad, as it must now keep an eye on the d-pawn, while the Black Knight
becomes veryactive } 2. cxd5 c5 3. bxc5 bxc5 4. Bf1 Nd6 { The Knight
an ideal piece for stopping passed pawn. The d6 square is the so-called
"blockaded square" in this position. It is only in recent times that the
importance of the blockade has been fully realized } 5. Qa3 Kf7 6. Bd3 c4 7. Bc2 c3 ( 7... Qb6+ 8. Kf1 Ke7 ) 8. Qb4 Nc4 9. Qxc3 Qc5+ 10. Kh1 Qxd5+ $11 1/2-1/2
[Event "Amsterdam"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1950.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Trifunovic"]
[Black "Van Scheltinga"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "03: Two Bishops V Bishop and Knight"]
[ECO "C49"]
[PlyCount "81"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The Bishop pair employed to weaken the enemy pawn position } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bg5 Bxc3 8. bxc3 Qe7 9. Re1 { Since the position is half close, and since, moreover, the White pawns are
somewhat weakned by the doubling on the c-file, Black has some compensation
for White's Bishop pair. } 9... Nd8 { First of all, Black must get rid of the
troublesome pin on his Nf6 by dislodging the Bg5 } 10. d4 Ne6 11. Bc1 { This strange looking move is the best. on c1 the Bishop is well placed, not
exposed to exchange, and free to operage not only from c1-h6 but also on the
a3-f8 diagonal } 11... c5 { Black means to force White to clear up the central situation } 12. Bf1 ( 12. dxe5 dxe5 13. Nxe5 $2 Nc7 $19 ) ( 12. d5 Nc7 13. Bf1 b5 $132 { counterplay on the Queenside } ) 12... Rd8 ( 12... cxd4 13. cxd4 Qc7 14. Bb2 { giving good chances, even if it meant losing a pawn } ) 13. d5 Nf8 { Hoping to bring the Knight into active play at g6. } ( 13... Nc7 { more flexible } ) 14. c4 Ne8 15. g3 { White's plan is clear: he intends after necessary
preparation, to force the advance of Pf4 and so to open lines for his Bishop } 15... f5 $2 { Playing White's game } ( 15... Ng6 16. h4 Bg4 17. Qd3 Bxf3 18. Qxf3 ) 16. exf5 Bxf5 17. Nh4 $1 { Thus in any case White gets an open diaganol for his Bishop } 17... Qd7 18. f4 { Always the same aim: open the position } 18... exf4 19. Bxf4 Ng6 { Giving White the chance of a favourable liquidation } ( 19... Bg4 20. Qd2 ) 20. Nxf5 Qxf5 21. Bd3 Qf6 22. Bxg6 $1 { A characteristic turn; White
relinquishes the Bishop pair but obtains in return either a weakening of the
hostile pawn structure or else an inroad into the seventh rank } 22... hxg6 ( 22... Qxg6 23. Re7 { one advantage transformed into another } ) 23. Rb1 g5 ( 23... b6 24. Re6 Qd4+ 25. Qxd4 cxd4 26. Rd1 Rac8 27. Rxd4 $18 ) 24. Be3 Rd7 25. Qg4 Rf7 26. Rf1 Qg6 27. Rxf7 Qxf7 28. Bxg5 $18 { With a soun
d extra pawn, a good Bishop and some advantage in development White now stands
to win } 28... Nc7 29. Bf4 Qf6 30. Qd1 b6 31. Qd3 Re8 32. Rf1 b5 33. cxb5 Qd4+ 34. Qxd4 cxd4 35. Bxd6 Nxb5 36. Bb4 a5 37. Bxa5 Ra8 38. Bb4 Rxa2 39. d6 Ra8 40. d7 Nc7 41. Rf8+ $18 1-0
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1948.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Smyslov"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "03: Two Bishops V Bishop and Knight"]
[ECO "B62"]
[PlyCount "80"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Be2 Be7 8. O-O O-O 9. Ndb5 a6 10. Bxf6 gxf6 11. Nd4 Kh8 { The strategic situation
here is not unlike that of the previous example - two Bishops accompanied by a
weakned pawn position. in what follows we shall see White working logically
against eh pawn complex, while Black aims at opening lines. Remarkably enought,
these plans do not cut across one another. black seems to play right into his
opponent's hands; his pawns are badly doubled and isolated. Then, just when
White seems to have realized his aims, suddenly it emerges that Black has also
achieved his. The Bishops control the board and the resulting attack gives
Black a decisive advantage. } 12. Kh1 Rg8 13. f4 Bd7 14. Bf3 Rc8 15. Nxc6 $2 { This strengthens the Black centre. } ( 15. Nce2 Na5 16. b3 ) 15... bxc6 16. Ne2 d5 { If Black deffered this one more move White could have played Pc4 } 17. f5 $2 { In accordance with White's plan, which is to ruin the enemy pawn formation. } ( 17. b3 ) ( 17. Qd2 ) 17... Qc7 18. c4 dxc4 19. Qd4 c5 20. Qxc4 Bd6 21. g3 Bb5 22. Qc2 exf5 23. exf5 { White has achieved what he wanted: all the Black pawns are weak. } 23... Rce8 24. Rf2 ( 24. Qd2 Bxe2 ( 24... Be5 ) 25. Bxe2 Bxg3 26. Bf3 ) 24... Re3 25. Bg2 ( 25. Nc3 Bc6 26. Bxc6 ( 26. Bg2 Qb7 { every Black piece in active play } ) 26... Qxc6+ 27. Kg1 Bxg3 $1 $19 ) 25... Qe7 26. Ng1 $8 Bd3 27. Qd2 c4 { Thus one bishops secures a splendid strong-point on d3, while a new line
is opened for his colleague. } 28. Rf3 ( 28. -- Bb4 29. Qd1 Re1 $19 ) 28... Re8 29. Rd1 ( 29. Rxe3 Qxe3 30. Qxe3 Rxe3 $17 ) 29... Bc5 30. b3 ( 30. Rxe3 Bxe3 31. Qc3 Qe5 32. Qxe5 Rxe5 33. b3 Rxf5 34. bxc4 Bxc4 $19 ) 30... Re1 31. bxc4 Bxc4 ( 31... Bxg1 $2 32. Qxd3 Bf2+ 33. Rxe1 Qxe1+ 34. Qf1 ) 32. Bf1 Rxd1 33. Qxd1 Rd8 34. Qc2 Bd5 35. Qc3 Bd4 36. Qd3 Qe3 37. Qxe3 Bxe3 38. Bg2 Bxf3 39. Bxf3 Rd2 40. Ne2 ( 40. a4 Ra2 41. Bc6 Ra1 ) 40... Rxa2 0-1
[Event "Amsterdam"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1950.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Reshevsky"]
[Black "Van der Berg"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "03: Two Bishops V Bishop and Knight"]
[ECO "E46"]
[PlyCount "57"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Ne2 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. Nxc3 b6 8. b4 c5 { It often happens in the Nimzo Indian that Black has to concede the
Bishop pair to his opponent. In return he usually has the (temporary) control
of the crucial square e4, and so can give a half-closed character to the
position. In the present game, Black lacks this compensation, and this is why
White can rapidly go over to the attack } 9. dxc5 bxc5 10. cxd5 ( 10. bxc5 Ba6 11. Nb5 Ne4 ) 10... cxb4 $2 ( 10... Nxd5 $2 11. Nxd5 exd5 12. bxc5 Qa5+ 13. Bd2 Qxc5 14. Bb4 ) ( 10... exd5 11. bxc5 Ba6 { making the bishop pair harmless } ) 11. axb4 exd5 12. Be2 Nc6 13. b5 Na5 14. Ba3 { For the time being White is content to get his pieces into play. } ( 14. Qa4 Nc4 15. Bxc4 dxc4 16. Qxc4 Bb7 { even though this line wins a pawn, quite
rightly White prefers the Bishop pair in full cry } ) 14... Re8 15. O-O Bf5 ( 15... Be6 { too quite } ) 16. Bc5 Ne4 17. Bb4 Nxc3 18. Bxc3 Nc4 19. Qd4 Qg5 20. Qxd5 $1 ( 20. Rxa7 Rxa7 21. Qxa7 Be4 $132 ) 20... Nxe3 21. fxe3 Qxe3+ 22. Kh1 Bg6 ( 22... Qxc3 23. Qxf5 Rxe2 24. Qxf7+ Kh8 25. Qf8+ ) 23. Bh5 Rad8 ( 23... Bxh5 24. Qxh5 Qxc3 25. b6 axb6 26. Rxa8 Rxa8 27. Qxf7+ Kh8 28. Qf8+ ) ( 23... Qxc3 24. Bxg6 hxg6 25. Qxf7+ Kh7 26. Ra4 $1 Re5 ( 26... g5 $1 ) 27. Rh4+ Rh5 28. Rxh5+ gxh5 29. Qxh5+ Kg8 30. Qd5+ ) 24. Bxg6 ( 24. Qf3 ) 24... Rxd5 25. Bxf7+ Kh8 26. Bxe8 Qxe8 27. Rxa7 Qc8 ( 27... Rg5 28. Rfa1 ( 28. b6 ) ) 28. Rc7 $1 ( 28. Bxg7+ Kg8 29. Rf8+ $2 Qxf8 30. Bxf8 Rd1# ) 28... Qf5 ( 28... Qa8 29. Rxg7 $18 ) 29. Kg1 1-0
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1935.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lilienthal"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "03: Two Bishops V Bishop and Knight"]
[ECO "E24"]
[PlyCount "64"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. a3 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 c5 6. f3 d5 7. e3 O-O 8. cxd5 Nxd5 { In this Nimzo-Indian position Black has some compensation for
White's Bishop pair in the form of a slight lead in development. Such a lead
can always be best utilized by opening the position. It follows that it is
usually very difficult to make use of a lead in development as compensation
for Bishop pair, since they also carry most weight in an open position. } 9. Bd2 ( 9. c4 Ne7 10. Bd3 cxd4 11. exd4 Nf5 12. Bxf5 Qa5+ { with good play for Black since White's centre is vulnerable } ) 9... Nc6 10. Bd3 cxd4 11. cxd4 e5 12. dxe5 ( 12. e4 Nf4 13. Bxf4 exf4 14. d5 Qh4+ 15. Kf1 Ne5 $36 ) ( 12. Ne2 exd4 13. exd4 Nxd4 14. Nxd4 Qh4+ 15. g3 Qxd4 ) 12... Nxe5 13. Be4 Nc4 $2 { Forcing the exchange of one of the White
bishops, but at the same time showing how difficult it is to weigh up
positional advantages against the other. } ( 13... Nf6 $1 14. Bb4 ( 14. Bc3 Qc7 15. Qd4 Nxe4 16. fxe4 f6 ) ( 14. Bc2 Nd3+ ) 14... Nxe4 15. Bxf8 Nd3+ 16. Kf1 Nef2 17. Qc2 Nxh1 $17 ) 14. Qc1 Nxd2 15. Qxd2 Nf6 16. Bd3 { White no longer
has the bishop pair, but neither has Black any lead in development. The game
is level. For our purpose no discussion of the rest of the game is called for } 16... Re8 17. Ne2 Qb6 18. Nd4 Nd5 ( 18... Qxd4 $4 19. Bxh7+ Kxh7 20. Qxd4 $18 ) 19. Be4 Nxe3 20. Qxe3 f5 21. O-O fxe4 22. fxe4 Rd8 23. Nf5 Qxe3+ 24. Nxe3 Be6 25. Rad1 Rxd1 26. Rxd1 Rc8 27. Nf5 Kf8 28. Nd6 Rc3 29. Nxb7 Rxa3 30. Nc5 Ke7 31. Nxe6 Kxe6 32. Kf2 g6 1/2-1/2
[Event "Vienna"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1873.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Rosenthal"]
[Black "Steinitz"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "03: Two Bishops V Bishop and Knight"]
[FEN "r1br2k1/ppp2pbp/6p1/8/2qN1P2/2P1B3/PP3QPP/R4RK1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "35"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Systematic use of the Bishop pair. Steinitz was the first to show a method
for the best utilization of the two Bishops. So far as is know, it was in the
present game that he first applied his system.  The theory of Steinitz applies
to positions which are not close, but which, on the other hand, are not yet
completely open in character. White still has support points at d4 and e5. The
cornerstone of the Steinitz system is to deprive the opponent of such support
points by means of pawn advances. The hostile pieces will thus be doomed to
passivity, and the owner of the bishop pair should not find it difficult to
set a decisive attack in motion. His contemporaries pointed out the weakness
which these pawn advances must necessarily creat. Only through the games of
Steinitz was it realized that such weaknesses are not so serious because two
bishops can cover all the squares, being in this way much more useful for
neutralizing weaknesses than two Knights or Knight and Bishop would be } 1... c5 2. Nf3 b6 { Puts an end to any Bishop activity on the g1-a7 diagonal } 3. Ne5 Qe6 4. Qf3 Ba6 5. Rfe1 f6 { deprives the Knight also of the e5 square } 6. Ng4 h5 { Drives the Knight further back } 7. Nf2 Qf7 { intending Bb7 inducing weaknesses on this diagonal } 8. f5 { It is understandable
that white should strive for some counterplay, but in so doing he only weakens
his position. } ( 8. b3 ) 8... g5 9. Rad1 Bb7 ( 9... Qxa2 10. Qxh5 ) 10. Qg3 Rd5 $1 { This is the positional refutation of 8. Pf5. The f-pawn is now incurably weak } ( 10... Qxa2 11. Qc7 Rxd1 12. Rxd1 Bd5 13. Qd7 $132 ) 11. Rxd5 Qxd5 12. Rd1 ( 12. Qh3 $2 g4 ) 12... Qxf5 13. Qc7 Bd5 14. b3 Re8 15. c4 Bf7 16. Bc1 Re2 17. Rf1 Qc2 18. Qg3 ( 18. -- Rxf2 19. Rxf2 Qxc1+ ) 18... Qxa2 0-1
[Event "Margate"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1936.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "Milner-Barry"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "03: Two Bishops V Two Knights"]
[FEN "r1r5/ppq2k2/2pp2pp/4nn2/1PPBB2P/6P1/P2Q1P2/1RR3K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "23"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The Knights in an open position. The undermining of support points  In this
position we see two centrally placed Bishops facing two centrally placed
Knights. The contrast is obvious. The Bishops would still sweep the centre of
the board if they stood on h1 and a1, but the Knights must have support points
if they are to maintain themselves in play. The support points here are
insecure, and are speedily undermined. } 1. Ba1 { Preserving the the Bishop from exchange } ( 1. Bxf5 $4 Nf3+ ) 1... Rg8 ( 1... h5 2. Bxe5 dxe5 3. Bxf5 gxf5 4. Qg5 $16 ) 2. h5 $1 Raf8 3. c5 { Undercutting the other Knight as well } 3... d5 { Permits a decisive combination;
but in any case the Bishops will now control the whole board } 4. Bxd5+ cxd5 5. Qxd5+ Kf6 6. f4 Qc6 7. Bxe5+ Ke7 8. Bd6+ Nxd6 9. cxd6+ Qxd6 10. Re1+ Kd7 11. Qxb7+ Qc7 12. Rbd1# 1-0
[Event "Utrecht"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1949.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kramer"]
[Black "Thomas"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[ECO "A00"]
[PlyCount "75"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ A pawn is not sufficient compensation for the Exchange. } 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nf3 Nbd7 6. e3 Ne4 7. Bxe7 Qxe7 8. Rc1 c6 9. Bd3 f5 10. O-O O-O 11. Ne5 Nxe5 12. dxe5 Bd7 13. Ne2 Be8 14. Qc2 Qc7 15. f4 Qe7 16. cxd5 exd5 17. Nd4 Rc8 $2 18. Bxe4 fxe4 19. Nb5 Rd8 20. Nd6 Rxd6 21. exd6 Qxd6 { White wins the Exchange in a familiar manner, by managing to post
a Knight on the sixth rank  Apart from the pawn, Black has no compensation for
the Exchange, his Bishop being on the wrong colour } 22. Qc3 $1 { Preparing on
the one hand for the following maneuver which fixes the Black pawns on the
same colour as their Bishop, and on the other hand for the direct attack
Pf5-f6 } ( 22. Qc5 { on the principle that a material advantage is best utilized
by heading for the endgame } 22... Qxc5 23. Rxc5 b6 24. Rc3 c5 { the positi
onal state of affairs is very different. The Black bishop has become "good"
and comes into powerful play via b5 to d3. Moreover, Black will now have the
possibility of ... Pd4, while will make his central majority very dangerous. 
 White will be unable to prevent him from estabilishing either unitied passed
pawns (if he exchagnes on d4) or else a protected passed pawn (... Pd3). In
either case, Black will have more than enough compensation for the Exchange. } ) 22... Bd7 23. b4 a6 { This suits White's plans admirably } ( 23... b6 24. f5 Bxf5 25. Qxc6 ) 24. Qd4 h6 25. Rfd1 Qe7 ( 25... -- 26. Qxe4 ) 26. a4 Kh7 27. b5 $1 { Rooks need open files to show their full strength } 27... axb5 28. axb5 Ra8 29. bxc6 Bxc6 ( 29... bxc6 30. Ra1 ) 30. Ra1 Ra3 31. Rxa3 Qxa3 32. Ra1 Qb3 33. h3 Qd3 34. Qc5 ( 34. Qxd3 $13 exd3 35. Kf2 Bb5 { the Black passed pawn paralyzes the White pieces } ) 34... Kg6 35. Ra8 Kh5 ( 35... Kh7 36. f5 Qe2 37. Kh2 ) 36. Kh2 Qe2 ( 36... -- 37. Qd6 Qxe3 38. g4+ Kh4 39. Qe7+ g5 40. Qxg5+ hxg5 41. Rh8# ) 37. Rg8 Kg6 ( 37... g5 38. Qd6 { the Black bishop is useless } ) 38. Qd4 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1909.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lasker"]
[Black "Janowsky"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[FEN "6k1/2p4q/p1Pp1r2/1p1PpP1p/1P1n4/3R2PQ/P7/3R3K w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "54"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ A pawn and a strong Knight position for the Exchagne  A Knight in the middle
of the board protected by a pawn and out of range of any enemy pawn, is
stronger than a Bishop and nearly as strong as a Rook (Dr. Tarrasch).  Here
Black can soon win the f-pawn, while the d-pawn is also a weakling. All this
combined outweighs the Exchange, as the sequence shows. } 1. Rf1 Qf7 { Black's best policy is to keep the Queens on the board. } ( 1... Nxf5 2. Rdf3 ) ( 1... Rxf5 2. Rxf5 Nxf5 ( 2... Qxf5 3. Qxf5 Nxf5 4. Rf3 Nd4 5. Rf6 Kg7 6. Rxd6 cxd6 7. c7 ) 3. Rf3 ) 2. Qg2 $2 ( 2. Kh2 Qxd5 3. Qxh5 ) 2... Rxf5 3. Rxf5 Qxf5 4. Re3 { costs another pawn, but White has no good continuations } ( 4. Ra3 e4 5. Rxa6 e3 6. Ra3 e2 $19 ) ( 4. Rd1 Nf3 5. Rf1 e4 $17 ) 4... Qb1+ 5. Kh2 Qxb4 6. g4 h4 { Black's program reads: push on with the Queenside pawns,
but don't let the opponent become active } 7. Kh3 ( 7. Rh3 Qe1 ) 7... Qc4 8. Qe4 ( 8. Kxh4 Nf5+ ) 8... Kg7 9. Kxh4 Qf1 $1 { Before he can bring the Queenside pawns forawrd Black must prevent Kg5. } 10. a3 ( 10. Kg5 Qf6+ 11. Kh5 Qh6# ) 10... a5 11. Kg3 Qg1+ $1 ( 11... -- 12. Re1 Qc4 13. Rh1 $132 ) 12. Kh3 ( 12. Kh4 Qf2+ 13. Rg3 Ne2 ) 12... Qf2 { Imobolizes the Rook } 13. g5 ( 13. Rc3 Ne2 ) ( 13. Re1 Nf3 ) 13... b4 14. axb4 axb4 15. Kg4 Qg1+ ( 15... b3 16. Rh3 Qg1+ 17. Rg3 Qd1+ 18. Kh4 { blocking the h-file } ) 16. Kh5 Qh2+ 17. Kg4 b3 18. Re1 Qc2 19. Kh5 ( 19. Qxc2 bxc2 20. Rc1 Kg6 21. Kh4 e4 22. Kg4 e3 $19 ) 19... Qxe4 20. Rxe4 Nc2 $1 { Thanks to this fine move, Black ensures that his opponent cannot stop the pawn } 21. Rxe5 ( 21. Rh4 b2 22. Rh1 Na3 ) 21... b2 ( 21... dxe5 22. d6 b2 23. dxc7 b1=Q 24. c8=Q Qh1+ 25. Kg4 Ne3+ 26. Kg3 Qg2+ 27. Kh4 Qf2+ 28. Kh3 Qf3+ 29. Kh4 Ng2# ) 22. Re7+ Kf8 23. Rxc7 b1=Q 24. Rc8+ Ke7 25. Rc7+ Kd8 26. Rd7+ Ke8 27. Rxd6 Nd4 0-1
[Event "Triberg"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Selesniev"]
[Black "Alekhine"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[FEN "1r3rk1/2qnppb1/b2p2pp/p1pP4/P1P5/3B1NP1/2QBPP1P/1R3RK1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "109"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The Exchange counterbalanced by two positional advantages: two Bishops plus
protected passed pawns } 1... Rb4 $1 2. Bxb4 cxb4 { For the exchange Black
now has a whole string of advantages:  a) A protected passed pawn  b) Bishop
pair  c) White weak a and c-pawn  d) the c5 square  According to Alekhine,
these advantages add up to more than the value of the Exchange } 3. Nd2 Nc5 $2 { An inexactitude, of which White makes excellent use } ( 3... Rc8 ) 4. Nb3 { Black supposed this to be impossible because of the undefended a-pawn } 4... Nd7 ( 4... Nxa4 5. Ra1 Nc5 6. Nxa5 Bxa1 7. Rxa1 Kg7 ( 7... -- 8. Bxg6 fxg6 9. Qxg6+ ) 8. Nc6 $16 ) ( 4... Rc8 5. Nxc5 Qxc5 6. Rfc1 Bc3 7. Qb3 Qd4 8. Rxc3 bxc3 9. Rc1 { White would have succeded in restoring the balance } ) 5. c5 $1 { This pawn was only obstructing the Bishop } 5... Bxd3 6. exd3 $1 dxc5 7. Rfe1 ( 7. Qc4 Qd6 8. Nxa5 Ne5 9. Qb3 Ra8 ) 7... Ne5 8. Re3 ( 8. Qxc5 Nf3+ 9. Kf1 ( 9. Kg2 Nxe1+ 10. Rxe1 Qxc5 ( 10... Rc8 11. Qxc7 Rxc7 12. Nxa5 Ra7 13. Nc6 ) 11. Nxc5 Rc8 12. Nb3 { Euwe } ) 9... Qxc5 10. Nxc5 Nd2+ 11. Kg2 Nxb1 12. Rxb1 Rd8 $17 { Alekhine } ) 8... Rc8 9. Rc1 Qd7 10. d4 Ng4 11. Re4 ( 11. dxc5 Nxe3 12. fxe3 Qxa4 ) 11... c4 12. Nc5 ( 12. Nxa5 Qxd5 13. Nxc4 Rxc4 14. Qxc4 Qxe4 15. Qxb4 Bxd4 $19 ) 12... Qf5 13. Qe2 b3 $3 { A decidedly unexpected advance } 14. Rxg4 ( 14. Qxg4 b2 15. Rb1 Qxg4 16. Rxg4 c3 17. Nd3 Rc4 18. Nxb2 Rb4 19. Re4 Kf8 20. Rc1 f5 21. Nd3 fxe4 22. Nxb4 axb4 23. a5 Bxd4 24. a6 Kf7 $19 ( 24... b3 25. Rxc3 Bxc3 26. a7 ) ) ( 14. Rf4 Qh5 15. Rxg4 b2 ) 14... b2 15. Qxb2 Qxg4 16. Rxc4 { Apparently things have worked out
well enough for White. True, he has relinquished the Exchange, but he has teh
initiative on the Queenside, and rejoices in the possession of an extra pawn. } 16... h5 $1 { But this move reveals a different side to the picture. Black
opens a sharp attack on the King, and the sequel clearly shows that his
chances are to be preferred. } 17. Qc2 h4 18. Qd3 Rd8 19. f3 Qh5 20. Qe4 hxg3 21. hxg3 Qg5 22. Kg2 Qd2+ 23. Kh3 Bf6 24. Rc2 Qh6+ 25. Kg2 Kg7 26. g4 Rh8 27. Kf2 Rb8 28. Ke2 Rb4 29. Rd2 Qh2+ 30. Ke3 Qg1+ 31. Ke2 Bxd4 32. Nd3 Rb1 33. Nc1 Bc3 34. Qxb1 Qg2+ 35. Kd3 Qxd2+ 36. Kc4 Qd4+ 37. Kb3 Ba1 38. Ka3 Qc5+ 39. Ka2 Bf6 40. g5 Qxd5+ 41. Nb3 Qxg5 42. Qe1 Qg2+ 43. Qd2 Qxf3 44. Qxa5 g5 45. Qe1 Qc3 46. Qxc3 Bxc3 47. a5 Bxa5 48. Nxa5 g4 49. Nc4 g3 50. Nd2 Kg6 51. Kb2 Kf5 52. Nf3 Kf4 53. Ng1 Ke3 54. Kc2 Kf2 55. Nh3+ Kf1 0-1
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lyublinsky"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[FEN "1r1r2k1/2b1qp1p/b1p3p1/p1p1p3/2P1P3/1PN1BP2/P1Q3PP/R2R2K1 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "57"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ The placeing of a Rook at a strongly supported point on an open file gives
winning chances, especially if the Bishop pair is retained. In the present
case this possibility is in fact Black's only chance, in view of his seriously
weakened pawn position } 1... Rd4 $1 2. Ne2 $2 ( 2. Bxd4 cxd4 3. Na4 c5 ) 2... Bc8 3. Nxd4 cxd4 4. Bf2 ( 4. Bd2 { covering two diagonals and in a position
to support either Queenside operations by Pa3, Pb4 or advance Pf4 } ) 4... c5 5. Rf1 f5 6. Bg3 { to provoke ... Pf4 } 6... Bd7 7. Rae1 ( 7. f4 Bc6 { securing united passed pawns } 8. exf5 e4 $1 ) 7... f4 8. Bf2 g5 9. g4 $2 { The White Rooks have no open files so can not make their weight felt. The best
plan consists in opening a file on the Queenside, the natural method being Pa3,
Pb4. It is possible that this was White's intention, but that he wished to see
the Kingside closed first. This was false reason. Black does not permit the
closing, and it transpires that the move played only provided more targets for
attack } 9... fxg3 10. Bxg3 ( 10. hxg3 Bh3 11. g4 Bxf1 12. Rxf1 { Now the game
has suddenly become a struggle between White's good Bishop at g3 against
Black's bad one on c7. Nevertheless, Black still has the better of it, with
more freedom of movement and with a choice of attacking lines ( ... Pa5 or ...
Ph5) } ) 10... Bh3 11. Rf2 h5 12. Rd2 h4 { The Steinitz method for
making the best of two Bishops is in operation here: depriving the enemy
pieces of all their best squares } 13. Bf2 Rf8 14. Rd3 Rf4 15. Kh1 Kh7 16. Rg1 Bd8 17. Qe2 Qf7 18. Qd1 ( 18. Be1 g4 19. fxg4 Bxg4 20. Rxg4 Rxg4 21. Qxg4 Qf1+ 22. Qg1 Qxd3 $17 ) 18... Qh5 ( 18... g4 19. fxg4 Rxf2 20. Rxh3 ) 19. Be3 Qxf3+ 20. Qxf3 Rxf3 21. Bxg5 Rxd3 22. Bxd8 Re3 { Destroying
s last hope, which was based on the opposite coloured Bishops. After this move
Black gets connected passed pawns, which will care little about the colour of
bishops } 23. Bb6 Rxe4 24. Bxc5 Re2 25. Rd1 Bg4 26. h3 Bxh3 27. b4 Bf5 28. Bd6 d3 29. bxa5 h3 0-1
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1949.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Najdorf"]
[Black "Trifunovic"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[FEN "1r3r1k/2p3q1/p2pRp1p/2bQ1Pn1/P6B/2P5/B4PP1/R5K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "26"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ When the enemy King's position has been weakened, the type of exchange
sacrifice we have been discussing in the last two examples can be rapidly
decisive, especially if the outpost on the open file is still deeper inside
enemy territory.  Invasion point on the sixth rank } 1. Rae1 $1 Nxe6 2. fxe6 Rbe8 3. Qf5 d5 4. Bxd5 Be7 5. Be4 Rd8 6. f4 ( 6. Re3 Rd1+ 7. Kh2 Bd6+ ) 6... c6 7. Kh2 Rd5 8. Bxd5 cxd5 9. Re3 Rg8 10. Rg3 Qf8 11. Qxd5 Rxg3 12. Bxg3 f5 13. Bf2 Kh7 1-0
[Event "Mar del Plata"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1949.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Guimard"]
[Black "Michel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[FEN "4rrk1/2n2qpp/3p4/pppP1PB1/2b3P1/P1P1R2P/3Q1PB1/3R2K1 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "15"]
[SetUp "1"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ Invasion point again in the sixth rank } 1. Re6 Nxe6 2. dxe6 Qc7 3. Bf4 Qa7 4. Bxd6 Bb3 5. Bxf8 Kxf8 6. Qd6+ Qe7 7. Qxe7+ Rxe7 8. Rd8+ 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1950.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bronstein"]
[Black "Boleslavsky"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "04: Rook against Bishop or Knight"]
[ECO "D89"]
[PlyCount "63"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6 11. Be3 Bg4 12. f3 Na5 13. Bd3 Be6 { In this well known position the offer of the exchange by 14. Pd5 is very
strong. The reason to be found in the following considerations:  I) White gets
the Bishop pair  II) With the disappearance of the Bishop from g7, Black's ...
Pg6 is only a weakening  III) White pawn majority in the centre, and this
always favours the attacker. Black's Queenside majority will have more
significance in theendgame } 14. d5 $1 Bxa1 15. Qxa1 f6 { A further w
eakening, which, however, is unavoidable, as White is threatening to regain
the exchange with Bh6, leaving Black with no compensation for his weakened
Kingside } 16. Bh6 Qb6+ ( 16... Re8 17. Nf4 ( 17. Bb5 $4 Qb6+ ) 17... Bf7 ) 17. Kh1 $1 { White values his positional advantages higher than the Exchange } ( 17. Nd4 Bd7 ( 17... -- 18. Rb1 Qc5 19. Rc1 Qa3 20. dxe6 ) 18. Rb1 Qc5 19. Rc1 Qb6 20. Bxf8 Rxf8 21. h4 Qd6 ) 17... Rfd8 { The only way to save the Exchange, but it doesn't improve Black's chances. } ( 17... Bf7 ) 18. Rb1 Qc5 $1 ( 18... Qf2 19. Qc3 Qh4 20. Bf4 $16 ) ( 18... Qd6 19. Qc3 b6 20. Bf4 Qd7 ( 20... Qc5 21. Qxc5 bxc5 22. Bc7 ) 21. Bb5 $18 ) ( 18... Qc7 19. Bf4 Qc8 20. Rc1 ) 19. Bd2 ( 19. Rb5 Qa3 20. Bc2 Bd7 ( 20... Rac8 $3 { Flohr } 21. Bc1 ( 21. Qb1 Bd7 22. Bc1 Qd6 23. Rxa5 Qc7 ) ( 21. Nd4 Rxc2 22. Nxc2 Qa4 23. Rxa5 ( 23. Qb2 ) ( 23. Nd4 ) 23... Qxa5 24. dxe6 Qxa2 ) 21... Qd6 22. Rxa5 Rxc2 23. dxe6 Qd1+ 24. Ng1 Qxg1+ 25. Kxg1 Rd1# ) 21. Bc1 Qxc1+ 22. Qxc1 Bxb5 23. Nd4 Bd7 24. Qa3 ) 19... b6 20. Bb4 Qc7 21. Rc1 Qb7 ( 21... Qd7 22. Nd4 Bf7 23. Bb5 Qb7 24. Bxa5 bxa5 25. Bc6 $16 ) 22. Qb1 Rab8 ( 22... Bc8 23. Nf4 { rapidly winning attack } ) 23. dxe6 { A rook is no match for two Bishops,
especially when the position leaves something to be desired in other respects } 23... Nc6 24. Bc3 Ne5 25. Bb5 Rbc8 26. Bxe5 Rxc1+ 27. Qxc1 fxe5 28. Bd7 Qa6 29. Ng3 Qxa2 30. h4 Rf8 31. Qg5 Rf6 32. Qxf6 $1 1-0