Icannos/chess_studies huggingface dataset:
[Event "Nuremberg"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1896.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Pillsbury"]
[Black "Lasker"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C11"]
[PlyCount "97"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 26. PILLSBURY (1872-1906)  Pillsbury's healty, robust style of play, and his
preference for attack and combination are highly reminiscent of the methods of
Alekhine and Marshall. However, Pillsbury was far superior to Marshall in
accuracy and judgement of position: unfortunately, his life was too short to
allow him the experience to reach Alekhine's level. He showed little
inclination to maneuver, but this was natural in view of youth. If his play
seemed to lack refinement, this is due to the vigour of his approach } 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. f4 c5 6. dxc5 Nc6 7. a3 Nxc5 8. b4 Nd7 ( 8... d4 { Lasker } ) 9. Bd3 a5 ( 9... Nb6 10. -- Bd7 11. -- Rc8 { Lasker } ) 10. b5 Ncb8 11. Nf3 Nc5 12. Be3 Nbd7 13. O-O g6 14. Ne2 Be7 ( 14... Bg7 { Lasker } ) 15. Qe1 Nb6 16. Nfd4 Bd7 17. Qf2 Nba4 { By preventing Pa4 Black has artificially isolated the White b-pawn } 18. Rab1 h5 19. b6 Nxd3 20. cxd3 Bxa3 21. f5 $3 gxf5 22. Nf4 { Threatening Qg3-g7 } 22... h4 ( 22... -- 23. Qg3 -- 24. Qg7 ) 23. Ra1 Be7 24. Rxa4 $1 Bxa4 25. Ndxe6 $1 { Only this third sacrifice shows the deep tactical conception behind 21. Pf5!! } 25... fxe6 26. Nxe6 Bd7 ( 26... Qc8 27. Qxf5 Qc6 28. Bg5 $1 Qxb6+ 29. d4 Qb4 30. Qf7+ Kd7 31. Bxe7 Qxe7 32. Nc5+ Kd8 33. Qxd5+ Kc7 34. Qxb7+ Kd8 35. Qxa8+ $18 ) 27. Nxd8 Rxd8 28. Bc5 Rc8 29. Bxe7 Kxe7 30. Qe3 Rc6 31. Qg5+ Kf7 32. Rc1 Rxc1+ 33. Qxc1 { The endgame is hopeless for Black since his Rook and
Bishop can't match the Queen's superior mobility applied to Black's exposed
King and scattered pawns } 33... Rc8 34. Qe1 h3 35. gxh3 ( 35. Qxa5 Rc1+ 36. Kf2 Rc2+ $132 ) 35... Rg8+ 36. Kf2 a4 37. Qb4 Rg6 38. Kf3 a3 39. Qxa3 Rxb6 40. Qc5 Re6 41. Qc7 Ke7 42. Kf4 b6 43. h4 Rc6 44. Qb8 Be8 45. Kxf5 Rh6 46. Qc7+ Kf8 47. Qd8 b5 48. e6 b4 49. Qd6+ 1-0
[Event "Boston"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1944.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Reshevsky"]
[Black "Vasconcellos"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C02"]
[PlyCount "51"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 27. RESHEVSKY (1911-1992)  Although Reshevsky has introduced some good ideas
in the openings, he was not really to be considered an expert in that field.
Nor did his greatest strength lie in positional play. He was certainly a great
master of the endgame, but what really made him such a dangerous opponent for
anyone is his patience and his great tactical skill. What seemed to have been
a weak point in his armory - his habitual time pressure - became the very
hunting ground in which he displayed his tactical virtuosity } 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 c5 4. dxc5 Nd7 5. Nf3 Bxc5 ( 5... Ne7 6. -- Nc6 { to pressure White's e-pawn as soon as possible. The c-pawn will not run away } ) 6. Bd3 Ne7 7. O-O Nc6 8. Bf4 { Now White enjoys an excellent centralized
development. His e-pawn is well protected (Nimzowitschian "overprotection")
and thus the pieces protecting it are well placed } 8... Qc7 9. Nc3 $1 { In direct protection of e5 } 9... a6 ( 9... Ndxe5 10. Nxe5 Nxe5 11. Qh5 Bd6 12. Nb5 $18 ) 10. Re1 Qb6 11. Bg3 Qxb2 12. Nxd5 $1 exd5 13. Rb1 Qa3 14. e6 Nf6 ( 14... fxe6 15. Rxe6+ Ne7 ) 15. exf7+ Kxf7 16. Bh4 $1 { A nice idea. Reshevsky intends to remove Black's best defender, Nf6 } 16... Nb4 $2 { A further error } ( 16... Be7 ) 17. Ne5+ Kf8 18. Bxf6 Nxd3 ( 18... gxf6 19. Qh5 $3 fxe5 20. Rxe5 Bd7 21. Qf3+ Kg7 22. Rg5+ Kh6 23. Qh5# ) 19. Bxg7+ $1 Kxg7 20. Rxb7+ $3 { A spectacular blow } 20... Be7 ( 20... Bxb7 21. Qg4+ Kf6 22. Qf3+ Kg7 23. Qf7+ Kh6 24. Qf6+ Kh5 25. g4# ) 21. Qh5 { With almost all of
his attacking pieces under attack, Reshevsky weaves a pretty finale } 21... Rf8 ( 21... Bxb7 22. Qf7+ Kh6 23. Ng4+ Kg5 24. Qg7+ Kh4 25. Qh6+ Kxg4 26. h3+ Kf5 27. g4# ) 22. Qg5+ Kh8 23. Ng6+ $1 { The final point } 23... hxg6 24. Qh6+ Kg8 25. Qxg6+ Kh8 26. Rbxe7 1-0
[Event "Karlsbad"]
[Site "Karlsbad"]
[Date "1923.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Reti"]
[Black "Rubinstein"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "A07"]
[PlyCount "99"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 28. RETI (1889-1929)  During and after World War I there emerged a group of
young players who attempted to break completely with accepted opinion.
Foremost among them was Reti. Instead of occupying the centre with pawns these
hypermoderns, with Reti as their leader, preferred to control the central
territory by the action of their pieces. They developed their Bishops on the
flanks and held back the centre pawns as long as possible. In his innovations
Reti eventually went too far. He overpressed his theories, as inexperienced
players sometimes do, and was often the victim of practical difficulties } 1. Nf3 { Zukertort also frequently opened with this Knight move, but the system
White used here was worked out by Reti, and is quite rightly known as Reti's
opening } 1... d5 2. g3 Nf6 3. Bg2 g6 4. c4 d4 { This ambitious space gaining move is virtually an attempt at refutation } ( 4... c6 { more prudent } ) 5. d3 Bg7 6. b4 { A sophisticated strategem; White
anticipates the reinforcing move ... Pc5, undermining it in advance } 6... O-O 7. Nbd2 c5 8. Nb3 cxb4 9. Bb2 Nc6 10. Nbxd4 Nxd4 11. Bxd4 { White's strategy
has been completely successful. The centre is under control by White's pieces
- not pawns. Note that White has made no automatic developing moves; he has
not yet castled. The hypermodern player does this only after some
sophisticated preliminary strategical skirmishing } 11... b6 12. a3 Bb7 13. Bb2 bxa3 14. Rxa3 Qc7 15. Qa1 { The doubling on the diagonal is an invention of
Reti; it may be regarded as analogous to doubling heavy pieces on a file } 15... Ne8 16. Bxg7 Nxg7 17. O-O ( 17. Rxa7 $2 Rxa7 18. Qxa7 Ra8 { trapping White's Queen } ) 17... Ne6 18. Rb1 Bc6 ( 18... -- 19. Rxa7 Rxa7 20. Qxa7 Ra8 21. Qxb6 ) 19. d4 { Only now do the centre pawns come into action } 19... Be4 20. Rd1 a5 21. d5 Nc5 22. Nd4 Bxg2 23. Kxg2 Rfd8 24. Nc6 Rd6 25. Re3 Re8 26. Qe5 f6 ( 26... -- 27. Nxe7+ ) ( 26... Rd7 27. Nxe7+ Rexe7 28. Qxc7 Rxc7 29. d6 Rxe3 30. dxc7 Re8 31. Rd8 $18 ) 27. Qb2 e5 28. Qb5 Kf7 29. Rb1 Nd7 30. f3 Rc8 31. Rd3 e4 { A last try } ( 31... Nb8 32. c5 $1 ) 32. fxe4 Ne5 33. Qxb6 $1 Nxc6 34. c5 $1 { The point of White's previous move } 34... Rd7 35. dxc6 Rxd3 36. Qxc7+ Rxc7 37. exd3 Rxc6 38. Rb7+ Ke8 39. d4 { White has acquired
complete central domination. The following endgame is expertly handled by Reti,
who was a noted composer of many fine endgame studies } 39... Ra6 40. Rb6 $1 Ra8 ( 40... Rxb6 41. cxb6 Kd7 42. e5 fxe5 43. dxe5 a4 44. e6+ $1 Kxe6 45. b7 $18 ) 41. Rxf6 a4 42. Rf2 a3 43. Ra2 Kd7 44. d5 g5 45. Kf3 Ra4 46. Ke3 h5 47. h4 { Preparing decisive pentration of the White King } 47... gxh4 48. gxh4 Ke7 49. Kf4 Kd7 50. Kf5 1-0
[Event "Mahrisch Ostrau"]
[Site "Mahrisch Ostrau"]
[Date "1923.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch"]
[Black "Rubinstein"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C49"]
[PlyCount "82"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 29. RUBINSTEIN (1882-1958)  The style of the Polish Grandmaster Rubinstein
forms a bridge between Steinitz and the present day. He had a splendid grasp
of the requirements of a position and was an exceptionally fine attacker when
occasion demanded. However, in the field of the endgame many consider that his
achievements will never be equalled.  In Rook endings in particular his play
was simply phenomenal. Yet his play also had its deficiencies. Tactially he
was more fallible, as his games agains the great tactician Spielmann showed.
For that matter there was nothing fanciful about any of his play, especially
in the opening stages, where it tended rather towards monotony } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bg5 Bxc3 8. bxc3 Qe7 9. Re1 Nd8 10. d4 Bg4 11. h3 $1 Bh5 12. g4 Bg6 13. d5 ( 13. Nh4 h6 14. Bc4 { Wolf-Rubinstein, Teplitz-Schonau, 1922 } ) 13... c6 14. Bc4 $2 ( 14. Bf1 ) 14... Rc8 15. dxc6 bxc6 16. Bd3 Ne6 17. Bc1 Nc5 18. Nd2 ( 18. Ba3 Nxd3 ( 18... Ncxe4 19. Bxe4 Nxe4 20. Rxe4 Bxe4 21. Bxd6 Qd8 22. Bxf8 Qxd1+ 23. Rxd1 Bxf3 24. Rd3 e4 $19 { Kmoch } ) ) 18... h5 $1 19. Ba3 Ne6 20. Nc4 c5 { Practically forced } ( 20... Rfd8 21. Nxe5 ) 21. Bc1 { Trying to find "greener pastures } 21... hxg4 22. hxg4 Nh7 $1 23. Kg2 Nhg5 24. f3 Rcd8 25. Nb2 d5 $2 { This timely central strike seizes the initiative } ( 25... -- 26. Bc4 ) 26. exd5 Rxd5 27. c4 Rd4 $1 28. Be3 ( 28. Rxe5 Qf6 29. Re1 Nf4+ 30. Bxf4 Rxf4 $40 ) 28... Rd6 29. Qe2 e4 $1 30. fxe4 Nxe4 31. Qf3 N4g5 32. Qg3 Qb7+ 33. Kf1 Rb6 34. Na4 Bxd3+ 35. cxd3 f5 $1 { Prying open the f-file for a decisive attack on the King } 36. Bxg5 fxg4+ 37. Kg1 ( 37. Ke2 Nd4+ 38. Kd2 Rb2+ $1 39. Kc1 Ne2+ $19 ) 37... Nxg5 38. Nxb6 Nf3+ 39. Kf2 Nxe1+ 40. Kxe1 ( 40. Ke2 Re8+ 41. Kd2 Nf3+ ) 40... Qh1+ 41. Kd2 Qxa1 0-1
[Event "Karlsbad"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Sclechter"]
[Black "Suchting"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "D15"]
[PlyCount "87"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 30. SCHLECHTER (1874-1918)  The Austrian grandmaster Schlechter, though
neither very deep nor particularly brilliant, was nevertheless an extremely
strong player; his assets were his complete imperturbality, his skill in
maintaining the equilibrium, and his mastery of the art of creating chances in
critical situations  Schlecter was extremely difficult to beat, as Lasker
found out in 1910. Their ten game match ended with an even point total, but in
the ninth game the score was 5-4 in favour of the Austrian. In the tenth game
Schlecter, who was usually pacifism personified, spurned an easy draw - and
with it the World Championship - in a determined bid to win } 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Qb6 5. Qc2 ( 5. c5 Qc7 6. g3 { more incisive } ) 5... Bg4 6. c5 Qc7 7. Ne5 Nbd7 8. Nxg4 { Now White can achieve ... Pe5 under favourable conditions } ( 8. Bf4 ) 8... Nxg4 9. Qf5 h5 $1 10. e4 g6 11. Qf4 e5 12. dxe5 Bxc5 { Now it is clear
that Black has the better of it; but in this type of play Schlecther usually
rose to the challenge with resourceful counterplay } 13. e6 $1 Nde5 14. exf7+ Kd7 $2 { A poor idea } ( 14... Kf8 ) 15. exd5 Nxf2 16. dxc6+ bxc6 17. Qa4 Nxf7 $2 ( 17... Nxh1 18. -- Nf2 { Which stops Rd1 later - Lasker } ) 18. Be2 Nxh1 19. Bf4 Bd6 20. Rd1 Ke7 21. Rxd6 Nxd6 22. Ne4 Rad8 23. Qd4 Qa5+ { Black only chance is to counterattack and hope } 24. b4 Qf5 25. Bxd6+ ( 25. Nxd6 Qb1+ ) 25... Rxd6 26. Qxd6+ Kf7 27. Bc4+ Kg7 28. Qd4+ Kh7 29. Qxa7+ $1 ( 29. Nf6+ Kh6 30. Ng4+ hxg4 $1 31. Qxh8+ Kg5 { lets Black back into the game } ) 29... Kh6 30. Qe3+ g5 31. h4 Re8 32. Bd3 Kg7 33. Kd2 Qf4 34. hxg5 { White liquidates into a winning endgame } 34... Qxe3+ 35. Kxe3 Ng3 36. Kd4 Nxe4 37. Bxe4 Ra8 38. Bxc6 $2 ( 38. Bb1 -- 39. Kc5 ) 38... Rxa2 39. b5 Kg6 40. b6 Kxg5 $2 { Missing his chance } ( 40... h4 41. b7 Rb2 42. Kc5 Rxb7 $1 43. Bxb7 h3 $1 44. gxh3 Kxg5 { Black's King can
run to h8 with a well-known theoretical draw, because White's Bishop is the
"wrong colour" to help the h-pawn promote } ) 41. b7 Rb2 42. Kc5 Rc2+ 43. Kb6 Rb2+ 44. Bb5 1-0
[Event "Moscow"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Smyslov"]
[Black "Botvinnik"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C92"]
[PlyCount "77"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 31. SMYSLOV (Born 1921)  A study of Smylov's games forces one to admit that
it is not easy to say just where his special strenght lies. This Russian
Grandmsater attaches little importance to complex opening variations. He
builds up his games by simple means, and in the middlegame his play is just as
simple and sound. This is not to say that he is averse to combinative play -
there are many excellent examples of beautiful combinative games by Smyslov on
record. But his greatest strength seems to be in the art of making "something
out of nothing". He will maneuver patiently for hours at a time without ever
relaxing for one moment; he seems to be steathily stalking his opponent. There
is indeed something of the assassin about him, for all at once, when least
expected, he will strike. Since moreover his endgame technique is just about
perfect, the smallest advantage in his hands is likely to win } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Be6 { Black essays an idea which originated from the great Russian Master Chigorin } 10. d4 Bxb3 11. Qxb3 Qd7 12. Bg5 h6 13. Bxf6 Bxf6 14. d5 { White sets up a
light square central pawn-chain in order to emphasize the limite scope of
Black's Bishop } 14... Na5 15. Qc2 c6 { Otherwise White will play Nbd2 followed by Pc4 } 16. dxc6 Qxc6 17. Nbd2 Rac8 18. Rac1 { Smyslove commented that this prevent ... Pb4 (which would be met by Pc4),
overprotects c3, and prepares, if the opportunity presents itself, to play Pc4.
These strategems are in the style of Nimzowitsch } 18... Rfd8 19. Nf1 Nc4 20. b3 Nb6 21. Ne3 d5 { Superficially it would seem this central advance
activates Black's game. But as we shall soon see, Smyslov has taken critical
factors into account } 22. Ng4 d4 ( 22... dxe4 23. Nfxe5 Bxe5 24. Nxe5 Qb7 25. Rxe4 $1 $16 Rxc3 ( 25... Nd5 26. Rd4 Rxc3 27. Qxc3 Nxc3 28. Rxd8+ $18 ) 26. Qxc3 Qxe4 27. Qc7 ) 23. Nxf6+ Qxf6 24. Qb2 dxc3 25. Rxc3 Nd7 26. Rec1 Rxc3 27. Qxc3 Qd6 $1 28. Qc6 Nf6 { Black has defended well, but White still has the initiative } 29. Qxd6 Rxd6 30. Nxe5 Nxe4 31. f3 Ng5 32. f4 Ne6 33. f5 Nd8 34. Rc8 Kf8 35. Kf2 Ke7 36. Ke3 ( 36. Rxd8 Rxd8 37. Nc6+ { gives Black a chance to draw } ) 36... Rd1 $2 ( 36... Rd5 $1 37. Ke4 Rd2 ) 37. Ra8 $1 Kf6 ( 37... Rd6 38. Rxd8 Kxd8 39. Nxf7+ { A won king and pawn ending } ) ( 37... Re1+ 38. Kd4 Re2 39. Rxa6 Rxg2 { some drawing chances } ) 38. Nd3 $1 { Nwo Black's position collapses } 38... Nc6 39. Rxa6 1-0
[Event "Pistyan"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1912.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Rubinstein"]
[Black "Spielmann"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "A43"]
[PlyCount "70"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 32. SPIELMANN (1883-1942)  Spielmann knew his own strength, but also his own
weakness. "I can handle an attacking position just as well as Alekhine", he
said, "but in actual play I cannot often achieve such a position". Spielmann
was indeed a magnificent attacking player. The bravura with which he could
carry an attack through to a brilliant conclusion appealed as much to the
expert as it did to the public.  His main weakness was a lack of opening
knowledge, and this deficiency revealed itself in an inability to build the
kind of position in which he could display his powers. On the other hand it
may also explain the success of this Austrian master against, for instance,
Rubinstein, whose way of building up his game also left something to be
desired.  Spielmann's style calls to mind that of Chigorin. In sheer technique
of combination he outdid the great Russian master, though he was not his equal
in originality } 1. d4 c5 2. d5 d6 3. c4 g6 { This line, the Benoni
Defence, is  dynamic choice; both sides have chances in a positions which are
sharp both positionally and tactically } 4. e4 Bg7 5. Bd3 e6 6. Nc3 Ne7 7. Nge2 exd5 8. exd5 ( 8. cxd5 { Tarrasch } ) 8... Nd7 9. f4 Nf6 10. Ng3 $2 { The Knight will be a target here, as Black's next move demonstrates } 10... h5 $1 11. O-O h4 12. Nge4 Nxe4 13. Bxe4 Bd4+ 14. Kh1 Nf5 15. Bxf5 ( 15. -- Ng3+ $1 ) 15... Bxf5 16. Re1+ { Here, or at latest on the next move, White
had to block the h-pawn's advance by playing Ph3 } ( 16. h3 ) 16... Kf8 17. Qf3 h3 $1 18. g3 ( 18. g4 Qh4 $19 ) 18... Qd7 19. Bd2 Bg4 20. Qf1 { The far advance h-pawn is clearly a thorn in White's side } ( 20. Qd3 Qf5 $1 21. Qxf5 Bf3# ) 20... Qf5 21. Rac1 Kg7 22. Be3 Bf6 23. b3 Rhe8 24. Bf2 { Otherwise Black builds up pressure by doubling Rooks on the e-file } 24... Bf3+ 25. Kg1 Bg2 26. Rxe8 Bxf1 $1 { The Queen will be stronger than the two Rooks in this position } 27. Rxa8 Qd3 $1 28. Re8 ( 28. Rxf1 Qf3 $19 ) 28... Qf3 $1 ( 28... Bxc3 29. Re3 ) 29. Kxf1 Qh1+ 30. Bg1 Qg2+ 31. Ke1 Qxg1+ 32. Kd2 Qxh2+ 33. Ne2 Qg2 34. Rg1 Qxg1 $1 35. Nxg1 h2 0-1
[Event "Riga"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1958.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tal"]
[Black "Geller"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C96"]
[PlyCount "67"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 34. TAL (1936-1993)  The hazardous style of the Russian grandmaster Tal made
a great impression on all chess lovers, both expert and amateur alike. He
pounced on his opponents like a tiger; no risk would deter him. His great
tactical gifts and his skill even in severe time pressure enabled him to scale
the heights of Olympus in record time.  Tal, like every other chess master,
had his vulnerbale points. The return match with Botvinnik showed that in
positional play and endgame technique he was no match for the man who both
preceded and followed him as World Champion.  On the other hand it was true
that in neither match was Botvinnik proof against Tal's lighting flash
combinative genius } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5 11. d4 Bb7 { This main lin
e of the Ruy Lopez has been many times been the beginning of complex, intense
battles, often spanning the board from Queenside to centre to Kingside. Geller,
who has a reputation for deep and original opening preparations, eschews the
most traditional move 11. Qc7 (Chigorin's move) in favour of less explored
vistas } 12. b4 { Tal, one of the most aggressive players in the history of
chess, returns with a sharp reply } 12... cxb4 13. cxb4 Nc4 14. Nbd2 d5 { Blowing open the centre and leading to great complications } 15. exd5 exd4 16. Nxc4 bxc4 17. Qxd4 Bxb4 18. Rb1 $3 Bxe1 { Black accepts the challenge } ( 18... Nxd5 19. Bxh7+ Kxh7 20. Ng5+ Kg8 21. Qh4 Nf6 22. Rxb4 Qd5 23. Nf3 $16 ) 19. Rxb7 Re8 ( 19... Qxd5 20. Qxd5 Nxd5 21. Nxe1 Rab8 { drawing chances in the ending } ) 20. d6 Qc8 21. Bg5 $3 { A startling sacrifice, typical of Tal's ferocious style } ( 21. Rc7 Qe6 22. Bg5 Nd5 { Black gaining the better of it } ) 21... Re2 $1 { A fine counter } ( 21... Qxb7 22. Bxf6 gxf6 23. Qh4 f5 24. Qg5+ Kf8 25. Qh6+ Kg8 26. Bxf5 $1 { White would have a winning attack } ) 22. Rc7 Qe6 23. Nxe1 ( 23. Re7 Bxf2+ 24. Qxf2 Rxf2 25. Rxe6 Rxc2 ) 23... Rxe1+ 24. Kh2 Rd8 25. Bxf6 gxf6 $2 { The losing move } ( 25... Qxf6 26. Qxf6 gxf6 27. d7 Kg7 28. Bf5 Re5 29. Rc8 Rxf5 30. Rxd8 Rd5 ) 26. Re7 $1 { This wins } 26... Qxd6+ ( 26... Qxe7 27. Qg4+ ) 27. Qxd6 Rxd6 28. Rxe1 { Now it's all over. It is remarkable how a player can thread his
way through a maze of complex tactics for many moves then fail to notice a
relatively simple tactical point. The reason is that time pressure caused by
the preceding moves lead to a quick, but ill fate move } 28... Rd2 29. Rc1 Rxf2 30. Be4 Rxa2 31. Rxc4 a5 32. Rc8+ Kg7 33. Rc7 -- 34. Bd5 ( 34. Rxf7+ Kxf7 35. Bd5+ Kg6 36. Bxa2 ) 1-0
[Event "match"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tartakower"]
[Black "Sultan Khan"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "D02"]
[PlyCount "75"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 36. TARTAKOWER (1888-1956)  Despite the fact that Tartakower played so much
chess and became so thoroughly experienced, his play was perpetually original.
As a lawyer, he knew the art of defending a weak case; as a chessmaster
nothing pleased him more than winning a game by means of a little known or
inferior variation. his play showed a clear preference for the methods of Reti,
Breyer and Capablanca without rejecting those of Steinitz or Rubinstein. This
is clear also in several books he wrote } 1. d4 Nf6 2. g3 { A very rare choice
at this juncture, but Tartakower loved to play unsual, even bizzare-looking
moves (though he was also an outstanding theorist) } 2... d5 3. Nf3 c6 4. Bg2 Bf5 5. Nh4 Bg6 6. O-O e6 7. Nd2 Be7 8. Nxg6 hxg6 9. c4 Nbd7 10. Qb3 Qb6 11. Qxb6 axb6 { The two Bishops are not an advantage in closed positions of
this sort. In any case, Sultan Khan often preferred Knights to Bishops, and as
we shall see, soon trades off his remaining Bishops for the other Knight } 12. Rd1 Bb4 ( 12... dxc4 13. Nxc4 b5 14. Ne5 Nxe5 15. dxe5 Ng4 ) 13. cxd5 exd5 14. a3 O-O 15. Rb1 Bxd2 { Showing his preference for Knights over Bishops } 16. Bxd2 Rfe8 17. Kf1 b5 { Steinitz had shown that the way to fight against
Knights is to deprive them of their best squares. } 18. Bb4 { White threatens Pf3 } ( 18. f3 Nb6 19. -- Nc4 ) 18... g5 19. h3 ( 19. f3 Nf8 20. Kf2 Ne6 21. e3 g4 { annoying } ) 19... Ne4 20. Bf3 $1 { Tartakower adopts a new tack } 20... g6 21. Kg2 Kg7 22. e3 f5 23. Rh1 Re6 24. Rbg1 $1 { Finally White's plan clarifies: he is going to open a file on the Kingside } 24... Kf7 25. g4 Rh8 ( 25... fxg4 26. Bxg4 Rf6 27. f3 $16 ( 27. Bxd7 $4 Rxf2# ) ) 26. Kf1 Ndf6 ( 26... f4 27. exf4 gxf4 28. h4 b6 ) 27. gxf5 gxf5 28. Bxe4 $1 Nxe4 29. f3 Nf6 30. Rxg5 Rxe3 31. Rxf5 $1 Kg6 ( 31... Ke6 { this depends on this finesse } 32. Kf2 $1 ( 32. Rf4 Nh5 ) 32... Rd3 33. Re5+ ) 32. Rf4 $1 ( 32. Kf2 Rhe8 ) 32... Kg5 $2 33. Bd6 Re6 ( 33... Rhe8 34. Rg1+ Kh5 35. Rf5+ $18 ) 34. Rg1+ { White now takes advantage of the Black King's exposed position } 34... Kh5 35. Rf5+ Kh6 ( 35... Kh4 36. Bg3+ Kxh3 37. Rg5 $1 -- 38. Rh1# ) 36. Bf4+ Kh7 37. Be5 Rf8 38. Rf4 $1 { Some idea of the strength of the opposition here is
that Sultan Khan won this match 6.5-5.5 } 1-0
[Event "match"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1910.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Mieses"]
[Black "Teichmann"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "A00"]
[PlyCount "58"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 37. TEICHMANN (1868-1925)  Although Teichmann was generally admitted to be an
outstandingly capable player he seldom achieved the great things that were
expected of him. The explanation was certainly not a lack of talent or of
theoretical knowledge, but almost entirely in a casual attitude towards chess
competition. Teichman was lazy and all to ready to draw, but a mighty man if
he ran into difficulties } 1. d3 d5 2. Nd2 e5 3. e4 c6 4. Qe2 Bd6 5. f4 { A poor choice psychologically. this was just the king of move to goadTeichmann 
out of his natural laziness } 5... exf4 6. exd5+ Ne7 7. dxc6 { Otherwise, White will be a pawn down for nothing } 7... Nxc6 8. Ne4 O-O 9. Qf2 Nd5 10. Bd2 ( 10. Be2 ) 10... Ne3 $1 { Showing the drawbacks of White's opening play } 11. Bxe3 fxe3 12. Qxe3 ( 12. Qf3 Nd4 13. Qd1 { would only appeal to Steinitz } ) 12... Re8 13. O-O-O f5 14. Nf3 fxe4 15. dxe4 Qe7 16. Bc4+ Kh8 $1 ( 16... Be6 17. Bxe6+ Qxe6 18. Ng5 Qxa2 19. Rxd6 Qa1+ 20. Kd2 Qxh1 21. Qb3+ Kh8 22. Nf7+ Kg8 23. Nh6+ Kh8 24. Qg8+ Rxg8 25. Nf7# ) 17. Ng5 Ne5 18. Bb3 Bg4 19. Rd5 h6 20. h4 Rf8 21. Nh3 { Now the rest is easy } 21... Be6 22. Rdd1 Bxb3 23. Qxb3 Rac8 24. g3 { One may ask
why White is playing on. Perhaps Mieses had in mind the game Teichman-Burn,
Osten 1905, in which Teichmann was virtually presented with the Exchange, yet
lost in the end by dilatory play - assuming that game would win itself (he
must have forgotten Tarrasch's dictum that there is nothing so hard to win as
a won game) } 24... Nc4 25. Rhe1 Be5 26. Nf4 Rxf4 $1 { Direct and powerful } 27. gxf4 Bxf4+ 28. Kb1 Nd2+ 29. Rxd2 Bxd2 0-1
[Event "match"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1886.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Steinitz"]
[Black "Zukertort"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "49: Personal Style"]
[ECO "C47"]
[PlyCount "92"]
[Source "Hays Publishing"]
[SourceDate "1964.01.01"]

{ 38. ZUKERTORT (1842-1888)  Zukertort played thousands of games with the great
Anderssen. This must have been an excellent education in the realms of
combinative play in so far as he needed any educating in the art. Zukertort
was indeed a tremendously talented combination plyaer; morever, he avoided the
common error of his day, which was to play too wildly. From the positional
point of view, however, Zukertort never reached teh same heights. In both his
matches with Steinitz he was consistently outplayed in this sphere. His
failure was in finding of a plan appropriate to this requirements of the
positions. But once on the right plan, he was dangerous even to Steinitz } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Bb4 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. Bd3 d5 8. exd5 cxd5 9. O-O O-O 10. Bg5 c6 11. Ne2 Bd6 12. Ng3 ( 12. -- Bxh2+ 13. Kxh2 Ng4+ ) ( 12. Nd4 ) 12... h6 13. Bd2 $2 Ng4 14. Be2 ( 14. f3 Nxh2 15. Kxh2 Qh4+ $19 ) 14... Qh4 15. Bxg4 Bxg4 16. Qc1 Be2 17. Re1 Ba6 18. Bc3 f5 ( 18... -- 19. Bxg7 Kxg7 20. Nf5+ ) ( 18... d4 19. Re4 { Steinitz held that White had a good game at this point } ) 19. Re6 Rad8 20. Qd2 d4 $1 ( 20... f4 21. Qd4 ) 21. Ba5 Rd7 22. Rxd6 Rxd6 23. Bb4 Qf6 24. Rd1 $2 ( 24. Nxf5 Re6 25. Bxf8 Qxf5 ) ( 24. Re1 ) 24... Rd5 25. Bxf8 Qxf8 26. Nh5 Qe8 27. Nf4 Re5 28. h4 c5 29. h5 $2 ( 29. b4 { Steinitz claimed White still had a good position } ) 29... Re4 30. c3 Qb8 { This was the last move before time control } ( 30... Qe5 31. Nd3 Qd6 32. f3 Re3 33. Nf2 Rxf3 34. gxf3 Qg3+ 35. Kh1 Bb7 ) 31. g3 ( 31. Nd3 Rh4 32. g3 Rxh5 33. Nxc5 Qa8 $1 ) 31... Qe5 32. Ng6 Qd6 33. Nf4 d3 $1 { Zukertort continues to work with tactical finesse } 34. b3 ( 34. Nxd3 Bxd3 35. Qxd3 Re1+ $1 ) 34... c4 35. Rb1 Kh7 36. Kh2 ( 36. Kg2 ) 36... Qb6 37. Kg1 ( 37. -- Re2 38. Nxe2 Qxf2+ 39. Kh3 Bb7 ) 37... Bb7 38. Rb2 Qc6 39. f3 Qc5+ 40. Qf2 ( 40. Kh2 Re2+ 41. Nxe2 Qf2+ 42. Kh3 Qxf3 $1 $19 ) 40... Re1+ 41. Kh2 $2 ( 41. Kg2 Re3 42. Ne6 $1 Bxf3+ 43. Qxf3 Rxe6 { Steinitz } ) 41... Qxf2+ 42. Rxf2 Bxf3 43. g4 ( 43. Rxf3 d2 $19 ) ( 43. Ng2 Bxg2 44. Kxg2 cxb3 45. axb3 Rc1 46. c4 Rc2 47. Kf1 d2 48. Ke2 d1=Q+ ) 43... Be2 44. Ng2 d2 45. Ne3 cxb3 46. axb3 Bxg4 0-1
[Event "?"]
[Site "Baltimore"]
[Date "1885.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Steinitz, W"]
[Black "Sellman, A.G."]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Dhanesh Shrikhande"]

{ French Defence
Wilhelm Steinitz, the great German Chess Master was officially recognized as the first World Chess Champion after he defeated Johannes Zukertort in 1886 in a 20 games match. Steinitz laid the basis for the scientific theory of chess. He paid much attention to weak and strong points and the accumulation of small positional advantages. He clearly revealed the flaws of premature attack and made the most of the slightest weakening of a position. He is the author of numerous studies dealing with chess theory. His Modern Chess Instructor (1889) greatly influenced the further development of chess theory. } 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. f4 c5 6. dxc5 Bxc5 7. Nf3 a6 8. Bd3 Nc6 9. Qe2 Nb4 10. Bd2 b5 11. Nd1 Nxd3+ 12. cxd3 Qb6 13. b4 $1 Be7 { If 13. ... Bd4, 14. Rb1 Qa7 (To provide a flight-square for the Bishop.) 15. Nxd4 Qxd4 16. Be3 and black loses his Queen. } 14. a3 f5 $2 { Now the Black Pawn on e6 is backward. A black piece will be always tied down to the defence of this Pawn. After this move the activity of Black Bishop on c8 is greatly diminished. } 15. Rc1 Bb7 16. Be3 $1 Qd8 17. Nd4 Nf8 18. O-O h5 { To prevent 19. g4. But this move weakens Black's Pawn structure. } 19. Nc3 Kf7 20. Nb1 g6 { Black wants to move his knight from the passive position. But if 20. ...Nd7, Nxf5 exf5 e6+!. But after Black's move all his Pawns are on white squares. So Black has very weak black squares, defended by his Bishop. } 21. Nd2 Nd7 22. N2b3 Rc8 23. Na5 $1 { A remarkable Knight tour. The Knight is headed for c6, to remove Black's only defender of his weak dark squares. } 23... Ba8 { Now Steinitz gives a valuable lesson in exploiting square weaknesses, effective use of open file and Rook on the 7th rank. } 24. Rxc8 Qxc8 25. Rc1 Qb8 26. Qc2 $1 Bd8 { To prevent penetration to the 7th rank. } 27. Nac6 { Steinitz wants to eliminate Black's only defender of dark squares-the Bishop on d8.  For that he allows a chance to exchange his bad Bishop on a8.  Now if 27. ...Bxc6 28. Qxc6 Nf8 29. Nxe6! Nxe6 30. Qd7+ Be7 31. Rc6! Nf8 32. Rf6+ and White wins. } 27... Qb7 28. Nxd8+ Rxd8 29. Qc7 $1 Qb8 30. Bf2 $1 Qb6 { To prevent 31. Bh4. } 31. Nf3 Qxc7 32. Rxc7 { White controls the 7th rank which is Rook, his Knight is headed for g5, and his Bishop controls all the Black squares. Black cannot move his Knight because of the Pin, his Rook is tied down to the defence of the Knight and his Bishop has no safe square.  Black must meet the threat of 33. Bh4. } 32... Ke8 33. Ng5 Nf8 34. Bc5 Nd7 { To prevent 35. Re7# } 35. Bd6 $1 { Black is in zugzwang since all legal moves result in drastic material losses. 
(a) The King may not move.
(b) The Bishop may move only at the risk of being captured.
(c) The Rook may move to b8, when 36. Rxd7 Kxd7 37. Bxb8 wins a piece for White.
(d) The Knight may move to b6 when 36. Re7+ Kf8 37. Nh7+ Kg8 38. Nf6+ Kf8 39. Rd7#. } 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1909.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lasker"]
[Black "Janowski"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Dhanesh Shrikhande"]

{ Emannuel Lasker became the second World Champion by defeating Steinitz in 1894. He held the crown longer than anyone else (26years and 337 days) defending it in a number of matches. Lasker, a man with doctorates in Mathematics and Philosophy, was a subtle psychologist and possessed exceptional competitive traits and will power. He retained his playing strength until old age. At the age of 67, he took part in an international tournament at Moscow, where he was placed third, ahead of many leading players of that time. His books 'Common Sense in Chess' and 'Chess Manual' were published in many languages. } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d4 exd4 6. Qxd4 Bg4 $6 { Black plays this move to exchange his Bishop for White Knight, breaking up White's King-side Pawns. However, after this exchange White will have an effective Pawn majority on the King-side against Black's ineffective one on the Queen-side. White can produce a passed Pawn in the resulting ending, while Black cannot force a passed Pawn with his Pawn majority on the other side. Black has a Bishop pair as a compensation for his Pawn weakness, which he can put to good use in open position. } 7. Nc3 Qxd4 8. Nxd4 O-O-O 9. Be3 Bb4 10. Ne2 $1 { After 10 f3 Bc3+ 11 bc Bd7 12 Kf2 White would also have the better game, but, as opposite colored Bishops would be left after a possible exchange of Knights, Black would have drawing chances. } 10... Bxe2 $6 { Black gives up his only trump-the two Bishops-in order to saddle White with double Pawns; but his prospects on the Queen-side are in no way improved. } 11. Kxe2 Bxc3 12. bxc3 Nf6 13. f3 Nd7 14. Rad1 Ne5 15. Rd4 b6 16. f4 Nd7 17. Rhd1 c5 18. R4d3 Nb8 19. Kf3 Rde8 { Black avoids exchange of Rooks with the hope of being able to meet the opposing Pawn advance in a better way but, his King is cut off for a long time from the King-side. Better was 19 ... Rd3 20 Rd3 Rd8 or 20 cd Kd7. } 20. f5 f6 21. g4 Re7 22. Bf4 Rhe8 23. Re3 Nc6 24. g5 Na5 { If 24 ... fg 25 Bg5 Ne5+ 26 Kf4 Rd7 27 Rd5! and White can force the advance of his e-Pawn as 27 ... Rxd5? 28 ed wins a piece for White. } 25. h4 Nc4 26. Re2 Rf7 27. Rg1 Kd7 28. h5 Nd6 $2 29. h6 $1 fxg5 30. Rxg5 g6 31. fxg6 hxg6 32. Rxg6 Ref8 33. Rg7 Rxg7 34. hxg7 Rg8 35. Rg2 Ne8 36. Be5 Ke6 37. Kf4 Kf7 38. Kf5 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "Margate"]
[Date "1939.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "Golombek, H"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Rashmin Pulekar"]

{ Nimzo - Indian Defence
Capablanca was the World Chess Champion from 1921 to 1927. The Greatest compliment one can pay a master is to compare his play to Capablanca. He was a genius, the greatest ever produced by chess. See what other World Champions say about him :- 
"You cannot play chess unless you have studied his games." - Mikhail Botvinnik. 
"Capablanca was possibly the greatest player in the entire history of chess." - Bobby Fischer.
"Capablanca invariably chose the right option, no matter how intricate the position." Garry Kasparov.
The following is an impeccably played game by the Former World Champion, typical of his seemingly effortless simplicity. } 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Qc2 d5 5. cxd5 exd5 6. Bg5 c6 7. e3 Nbd7 8. Bd3 h6 9. Bh4 O-O 10. Nf3 Re8 11. O-O Be7 12. Bg3 { Preventing Black's Ne4, liquidating. } 12... Nf8 { Now Black forms a plan to exchange his light squared Bishop for White's active piece on d3. } 13. h3 Be6 14. Rab1 { Now commences the famous and formidable minority attack on the Queen side. } 14... Nh5 15. Bh2 g6 16. Ne5 Ng7 17. b4 Bf5 18. Na4 Bxd3 19. Qxd3 Nd7 20. Rfc1 Nxe5 21. Bxe5 Bd6 22. Bxd6 Qxd6 { It seems as though Black, by his numerous exchanges has eased his position. But... } 23. b5 $1 cxb5 24. Qxb5 Ne6 { If 24... Re7, 25 Rc5 Rd8 26 Nc3 and the 'd' Pawn falls.
If 24... b6, 25 Rc6 Qd7 26 Rxb6 and if 25... Qd8, 26 Nc3 } 25. Nc3 $1 { Better than 25 Qb7 which gives Black chances by 25... Reb8 26 Qc6 Qxc6 27 Rxb8+ Rxb8 28 Rxc6 Rb1+ etc. } 25... Red8 26. Qxb7 Qa3 $6 27. Nxd5 Qxa2 28. Nb4 Qa4 29. Nc6 $1 { White not only threatens to capture the Rook but also to win the Queen by 30. Ra1! } 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "Baden - Baden"]
[Date "1925.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Reti"]
[Black "Alekhine"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "Ashish Thatte"]

{ Irregular Opening
Alekhine's games can be described in one word - Wonderful!. His inexhaustible imagination enabled him to carry out the most unexpected, far calculated combinations.  He was the first Russian to become the World Chess Champion (1927). He made many valuable contributions to chess theory. There is an opening, Alekhine Defence, named after him. } 1. g3 e5 2. Nf3 { Alekhine's defence with reversed colours against Alekhine! Reti never repeated this experiment. } 2... e4 3. Nd4 d5 4. d3 exd3 5. Qxd3 Nf6 6. Bg2 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 Bxd2+ 8. Nxd2 O-O 9. c4 $1 Na6 { (9....c5 10. N4b3 is good for White because of Nxc5 and cxd5 threats.) } 10. cxd5 Nb4 11. Qc4 Nbxd5 12. N2b3 c6 13. O-O Re8 14. Rfd1 Bg4 15. Rd2 Qc8 16. Nc5 Bh3 $1 17. Bf3 { Taking the pawn is always bad because 17. Bxh3 Qxh3 18. Nxb72 Ng4 19. Nf3 Nde3 $3 20. Fxe3 Nxe3 21. Qxf7+ Kh8! 22. Nh4 Rf8 and threat on 'f1' is deadly. } 17... Bg4 18. Bg2 Bh3 { Giving option of a draw or exchange fianchetto bishop. But Reti chose an inferior option. } 19. Bf3 Bg4 20. Bh1 h5 $1 21. b4 a6 22. Rc1 h4 23. a4 hxg3 24. hxg3 Qc7 $1 { Keeping an eye on the 'g3' Pawn. } 25. b5 axb5 26. axb5 Re3 $1 { This spectacular move not only stops White's attack but puts him into deep trouble. Of course the Rook can't be taken because of ...Qxg3+ and ...Nxe3. Now serious threat is 27...Rxg3+. } 27. Nf3 { (27. kh2?? Raa3! 28.Ncb3-+ 28 fe3? Ne3 29 Qb4 Nf1+! 28... Qe5! 29 bxc6 bxc6 black is clearly better.) } 27... cxb5 28. Qxb5 Nc3 $1 29. Qxb7 Qxb7 30. Nxb7 Nxe2+ 31. Kh2 { (31. Kf1 Nxg3+ 32. fg Bf3 33. Bxf3 Rxf3+ 34. Kg2 Raa3 35. Rd8+ Kh7 36. Rh1+ Kg6-+) } 31... Ne4 $1 { The beginning of a new combination aiming at the 'b7' Knight after a series of 12 forced moves. } 32. Rc4 $1 { The best defence. If 32. fxe3 Nxd2! Winning an exchange. } 32... Nxf2 33. Bg2 Be6 $1 { Now Black Knight will occupy 'g4'. } 34. Rcc2 Ng4+ 35. Kh3 Ne5+ 36. Kh2 Rxf3 37. Rxe2 Ng4+ 38. Kh3 Ne3+ 39. Kh2 Nxc2 40. Bxf3 Nd4 41. Rf2 Nxf3+ 42. Rxf3 Bd5 { Winning a piece. } 0-1
[Event "?"]
[Site "New York"]
[Date "1927.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Alekhine"]
[Black "Marshall, F.J."]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Ashish Thatte"]

{ Brilliancy Prize } 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Ne4 4. Nfd2 Bb4 5. Qc2 { (5. a3? Qf6 -+ typical Marshall trap.) } 5... d5 6. Nc3 f5 7. Ndxe4 fxe4 8. Bf4 O-O 9. e3 c6 { White was threatening 10. a3 Bd6 11. Bxd6 Qxd6 12. cd5 ed5 13. Nxd5! } 10. Be2 Nd7 11. a3 Be7 12. O-O Bg5 { There is hardly anything better for Black. } 13. f3 $1 Bxf4 14. exf4 Rxf4 15. fxe4 Rxf1+ 16. Rxf1 e5 { (16....dxc4 17. Bxc4 Nb6 18. Qf2! + =) } 17. Qd2 c5 18. dxe5 $1 d4 19. Qf4 $3 dxc3 20. Qf7+ Kh8 21. bxc3 $1 Qg8 22. Qe7 h6 23. Bh5 $1 { Not 23. e6 Nf6 24 e5 Nh7! } 23... a5 24. e6 g6 25. exd7 Bxd7 26. Rf7 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "Groningen"]
[Date "1946.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Smyslov, V"]
[Black "Kottnauer, C"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Ravishankar, D"]

{ Sicilian Defense - Najdorf variation.
Vasili Smyslov, the 7th World Champion, played three World Championship Matches against Botvinnik during the period 1954 to 1958. He won the second match and lost the other two. The characteristic features of Smyslov are a rare comprehension of position and excellent end-game technique. A number of Smyslov's games and endings have been included in chess manuals.
Smyslov's miniature defeat of Kottnauer at Groningen presents an example of the inexorable, searching blows he inflicted one after another on the opponent's weaknesses. } 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Be2 e6 7. O-O b5 $6 { Though a typical move in the Sicilian Defense, it proves to be very premature at this stage. This is because Black is expanding on the Queenside at the cost of the development of his pieces. } 8. Bf3 $1 { With the threat of e4-e5. } 8... Ra7 { Only move. If 8... Bb7,then 9. e5
9... Bf3 10. Qf3 dxe5 11. Nxe6 fxe6 12. Qxa8+- 
9... dxe5 10. Bxb7 exd4 11. Nxb5 axb5 12. Bxa8 +- } 9. Qe2 $1 { Better than 9. Be3 as in that case Black could have played first...Rd7 followed by...Bb7. After the text move 9... Rd7 would be met by 10. e5 dxe5 11. Nc6 ! Qc7 12. Nxb8 Qxb8 13. Bc6 Qc7 14. Bxd7 Nxd7 with a clear advantage for White. } 9... Rc7 10. Rd1 $1 Nbd7 { Practically forced. } 11. a4 $1 { A common move in such positions. } 11... bxa4 { Only move. If 11... b4 12. Na2! a5 13. Nb5 with an almost winning position. } 12. Nxa4 Bb7 { If 12... Be7 13. Bd2 e5 14. Nf5 g6 15. Nxe7 Qxe7 16. Bb4 Rc6 17. Qd2 Nc5 18. Nxc5 dxc5 19. Ba5 O-O 20. Ra3! Bb7 21. Rd3 Rcc8 22. Bd8! Rcxd8 only move when 23. Rxd8 Rxd8 24. Qxd8 Qxd8 25. Rxd8 + Kg7 26. Rd6!+- is a sample variation. } 13. e5 $1 { This guarantees White a great positional superiority. 13... dxe5 14. Bxb7 exd4 (14... Rxb7 15. Qxa6 clear plus for White.. Bxa6 Black faces great difficulties. } 13... Nxe5 14. Bxb7 Rxb7 15. Qxa6 Qb8 16. Nc6 Nxc6 17. Qxc6+ Nd7 18. Nc5 $3 { The culmination of a beautifully exploited position into a combination.White opens all the lines of attack. If now 18... Rc7 19. Nxd7 Rxd7 (19... Rxc6 20. Nxb8 +-. 20. Ra8 +- ) } 18... dxc5 19. Bf4 $1 { The point of the whole combination. If 19... Qf4 20. Qc8+ Ke7 21. Qb7 Kf6 22. Rd7 +- . } 19... Bd6 20. Bxd6 Rb6 21. Qxd7+ { Not a wee of a chance did Smyslov give to his opponent after 7)...b5 ?! . The most difficult thing in chess is to win a won position. Smyslov had a knack of finishing off his opponents at the hint of even a slight mistake. It is precisely this quality that made him a " champion of champions". } 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "Groningen"]
[Date "1946.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Smyslov, V"]
[Black "Uhlmann"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Ravishankar, D"]

{ The Queen's Indian Defense.
Smyslov - who is a known disciple of the great master Tchigorin - in the following game (Black Pieces) makes mincemeat of the resistance put forward by the brilliant Grandmaster Uhlmann. The processes of the game of chess are transformed into a great art and Smyslov, like an artist, invests in this art his innermost thoughts, deep emotions and genuine creative pathos. } 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. g3 Ba6 { One of Nimzovich's original ideas, which, has now been widely analyzed. } 5. b3 { Also possible is 5)Qa4 when Black can play 5)...Be7 6. Bg2 O-O 7. O-O c6 8)Nc3 d5 9. Ne5 Qe8! 10. cxd5 exd5 11. Bg5 h6 12. Bxf6 Bxf6 13. Ng4 Bd8 14)Rfe1 with interesting play. } 5... d5 6. Bg2 Bb4+ 7. Nfd2 $6 { (7. Bd2 Be7!(A common idea in such positions. The Bishop on d2 is misplaced.. 8. Nc3 O-O 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Ne5 Bb7 =.) } 7... c5 $1 { Energetic play by Smyslov casts doubts on White's previous extravagant move. Otherwise White would have played a3 followed by e4. } 8. dxc5 Bxc5 9. Bb2 O-O 10. O-O Nc6 11. Nc3 Rc8 12. cxd5 $6 { A careless exchange. The resultant isolated pawn position is not much important since it allows too much leeway to the Black pieces. Better is 12. Na4 and only after 12)...Bb4 13. cxd5 when 13)... exd5 14. a3 Re8! 15. axb4 Bxe2 16. Qb1 Bf1 17. Nf1 Nxb4 18)Bc3 Nc6 19. Qf5 d4 20. Bb2 Nb4 21. Rd1 d3 with a very unclear position not certainly recommendable to the faint hearted. } 12... exd5 13. Na4 { A move too late. } 13... Nd4 $1 14. Nc3 { What else ? If 14. Re1 Nc2 15. Qxc2 Bxf2+ 16. Kxf2 Rxc2 -+){ } 14... Qe7 $1 { (14...Bb4, with the idea of destroying the main defender of the e2-pawn, doesn't serve the purpose because of the cool 15. Ndb1! . Black has a combination in store against White's next move which is probably the only move in the position.) } 15. Re1 { Natural, but not good. } 15... Nc2 $3 { "The straw that breaks the camel's back." } 16. Rf1 { Not allowing combinational beauty since it is a nightmare to be at the receiving end. If 16. Qxc2 then 16...Bxf2+ 17. Kh1 Be1 18. Re1 d4 -+ 17. Kf2 Ng4 
(B1. 18. Kg1 Qe3+ 19. Kh1 Nf2+ 20. Kg1 Nh3+ 21. Kh1 Qg1+ 22. Rg1 Nf2 mate.)
(B2. 18. Kf1 Qe3 19. Nd1 Nh2 mate.)
(B3. 18. Kf3 Qe3+ 19. Kg4 Rc4+  $3 20. bxc4 Bc8+ 21. Kh4 Qh6 mate.) } 16... Nxa1 17. Qxa1 Rfd8 18. Bf3 Ba3 { Smyslov's all time favourite setup was the Queen's Indian Defense setup in which he had such mastery that nobody could dispute .The above game amply drives home the point. } 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "Leipzig"]
[Date "1894.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch, S"]
[Black "Von Scheve, T"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Dhanesh Shrikhande"]

{ Queen's Gambit Declined
"Chess like music and love has the power to make men happy." 
- Dr. Siegbert Tarrasch.
Tarrasch was born club-footed on March 5, 1862 in Breslau. However, his physical deformity did not affect his play. His games are marvellous examples of strategy in the classical tradition, and the combinations that he played as a result of his careful planning are not flashy, but precise, economical and sound to the core. Thousands of experts owe their understanding of chess to Tarrasch.
Against von Scheve Tarrasch plans a course of play leading practically to mate, from so early a stage of the eighth move of the game! He forces an exchange of pawns leading to open 'g' file. After doubling of Rooks on this file, he moves his Queen to the Kingside. The way these heavy pieces attack the opponent's King is a good lesson in the Art of Attack. } 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Be7 5. Bf4 c6 { A passive move. 5...c5 was better. } 6. e3 Nbd7 7. h3 { Preparing a flight square for the Bishop in the event of 7...Nh5. } 7... Ne4 $2 { A serious mistake. After the exchange of Knights, Black's recapturing Pawn on e4 becomes weak and needs protection by...f5. White attacks it with f3 forcing Black to exchange and open the 'g' file. } 8. Nxe4 dxe4 9. Nd2 Bb4 { Black should have retained this Bishop for the protection of his pawn on g7. } 10. a3 Bxd2+ 11. Qxd2 { Now White has the advantage of the two Bishops. } 11... O-O { Better was 11...Qe7 followed by 12...e5 to get some counterplay. } 12. Qc2 f5 { If 12...Nf6, then 13 Be5 followed by Bxf6 wins the Pawn on e4. } 13. Bd6 $1 { Gets a grip on the black squares and prevents...Qe7 and...e5. } 13... Re8 $2 14. O-O-O Nf6 15. Be5 Bd7 16. f3 $1 { Threatens to win a pawn after 17 Bxf6, forcing Black to exchange pawns, opening the 'g' file. } 16... exf3 17. gxf3 b5 18. Rg1 Rf8 19. Rd2 $1 Rf7 20. Rdg2 a5 21. Qf2 $1 Ne8 { Defends g7 and prevents 22 Qh4. } 22. Rg5 $1 Qe7 { If 22...g6, White attacks with 23 h4 and 24 h5 or if 22...h6 23 Rg6 Kh7 24 Qg3 Qe7 25 Rxh6 +! Gxh6 26 Qg6# } 23. Qh4 Nf6 24. Qh6 Ra7 { Other moves lose quickly e.g.,
A-24...g6 25 Rxg6+ hxg6 26 Rxg6+ Rg7 27 Bxf6 +-
B-24...Kh8 25 Rxg7 and 26 Bxf6 +-
C-24...Be8 25 Bxf6 Qxf6 26 Qxf6 Rxf6 27 Rxg7+ Kf8 28 Rxh7+- } 25. Bd6 $1 Qxd6 26. Rxg7+ Kf8 { If 26...Kh8, 27 Qxh7+ Nxh7 28 Rg8# } 27. Rxh7+ Ke7 28. Rxf7+ Kxf7 29. Rg7+ Ke8 30. Qxf6 { Threatening 31 Rg8+ and mate next move. If Black plays 30...Qf8, 31 Qg6+ Kd8 32 Rg8 and White win the Queen. } 1-0
[Event "?"]
[Site "Nuremberg"]
[Date "1910.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch, S"]
[Black "Vogel, S"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Dhanesh Shrikhande"]

{ Ruy Lopez
Tarrasch gives a valuable lesson in the Art of Exploiting Small Advantages. } 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 4. d4 Bd7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. O-O Be7 7. Re1 exd4 { Black must give up the centre. Delay may lead him in the following trap, discovered by Tarrasch
7...0-0? 8 Bxc6 Bxc6 9 dxe5 dxe5 10 Qxd8 Raxd8 11 Nxe5 Bxe4 12 Nxe4 Nxe4 13 Nd3 f5 14 f3 Bc5+ 15 Nxc5 Nxc5 16 Bg5 Rd5 17 c4 Rd7 18 Be7- White wins the exchange.) } 8. Nxd4 Nxd4 9. Qxd4 Bxb5 10. Nxb5 O-O 11. Bg5 Ng4 { Black tries to simflify the position. } 12. Bxe7 Qxe7 13. c4 a6 14. Nc3 Qe5 15. Qxe5 dxe5 { If 15... Nxe5 16 b3 and 17 f4. } 16. Nd5 $1 { Simple and strong. The main threat is not 17 Nxc7 as after 17... Rac8 Black regains the Pawn, but 17 h3 after which, 17... Nh6 is obviously bad and17... Nf6 allows 18 Nxf6 breaking up Black's Pawn position. } 16... c6 $2 { After this natural move Black's d6 is seriously weakened. Better was 16... Nf6, after which 17 Nxf6 gives White only a slight advantage. } 17. Ne7+ Kh8 18. Nf5 Rad8 19. Rad1 g6 20. Nd6 $1 { This Knight is very strongly placed on d6. The immediate threat is 21 Nxf7+ winning the exchange, while the Pawn on b7 is also under attack. } 20... Rd7 21. c5 $1 { Supports the outpost, provides c4 as a useful square for the Knight and fixes Black's Pawns on the Q side. } 21... Kg8 22. Nc4 $1 Rfd8 23. Rxd7 Rxd7 24. f3 Nh6 { Black gives up a Pawn for which, his Rook will seize the seventh rank. If 24...Nf6, 25 Re2 Re7 26 Rd2 Rd7 27 Rxd7 Nxd7 28 b4 and 29 Na5. } 25. Nxe5 Rd2 26. Nc4 Rc2 27. b3 Rxa2 28. Rd1 $1 a5 { Hoping to undermine White's Queen side position by 29...a4. } 29. Rd8+ Kg7 30. Ra8 a4 31. Rxa4 Rxa4 32. bxa4 Ng8 33. Nd6 Kf6 34. Nxb7 Ke5 35. a5 Ne7 { Prepares to meet 36 a6 with Nc8 to stop the Pawn for the time being. } 36. Nd6 $1 Kd4 37. a6 { One piece wins the game practically single-handed! Tarrasch's Knight makes 13 of the 37 moves in the game, controls important squares, holds the enemy Rooks at the bay, captures Pawns here and there, and as a final touch, clears the way for a passed Pawn to become a Queen. } 1-0
[Event "International tournament"]
[Site "Copenhangen"]
[Date "1923.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Saemisch"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "Pankaj Joshi"]

{ "The Immortal Zugzwang Game."
Queen's Indian Defence
Nimzowitsch was the most original chess player that ever lived. In the years 1925 - 1931 Nimzowitsch was considered to belong to the company of the world's Greatest Chess Players. Besides being a powerful player, Nimzowitsch became even more famous for his writings, especially for his revolutionary book 'My System'. } 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. g3 Bb7 { Nimzowitsch developed this whole system. } 5. Bg2 Be7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. O-O d5 { This is old classical method of occupying the centre with a Pawn. 7...Ne4 is also possible. } 8. Ne5 c6 9. cxd5 { Much more vigorous is 9.e4. } 9... cxd5 10. Bf4 a6 11. Rc1 b5 12. Qb3 Nc6 13. Nxc6 { If 13. Rfd1, then comes...Na5 -...Nc4 with a good game. } 13... Bxc6 14. h3 Qd7 $1 { Prevents 15.Na4 } 15. Kh2 Nh5 16. Bd2 f5 $1 { Operating on both the wings. } 17. Qd1 b4 18. Nb1 Bb5 $1 { Improving Bishop's position and preventing White's 19.e4. } 19. Rg1 Bd6 $3 { Allowing 20.e4 and beginning of a wonderful combination. } 20. e4 fxe4 21. Qxh5 Rxf2 { For one Piece, Black has two Pawns, Rook on the 7th rank, control of the 'f' file and two important diagonals. } 22. Qg5 { If Qd1, Raf8 with the threats of...R8f3,...Bxg3+,...Qe7 - h4. } 22... Raf8 23. Kh1 R8f5 24. Qe3 Bd3 { Idea -...Re2 } 25. Rce1 h6 ( { With so many pieces on the board, White finds himself in Zugzwang! e.g. - } 25... h6 26. Bc1 Bxb1 { winning a Piece. } ) ( 25... h6 26. Rd1 Re2 { winning the Queen. } ) ( 25... h6 26. Bf1 R5f3 { winning the Queen. } ) ( 25... h6 26. Kh2 R5f3 $1 ) ( 25... h6 26. g4 R5f3 $1 27. Bxf3 Rh2# ) 1-0