Γεθ

Η Γεθ ή Γαθ ή Γκατ ή Γκαθ (εβραϊκά: גת,) γνωστή ως Γκαθ των Φιλισταίων ήταν μια από τις πόλεις των Φιλισταίων. Την εποχή του Δαβίδ και του Σολομώντα ο βασιλιάς της πόλης λεγόταν Ακίς. Η πόλη ήταν πατρίδα του πασίγνωστου από τις βιβλικές γραφές γίγαντα Γολιάθ. Το τοπωνύμιο Γκαθ ήταν πολύ κοινό στην περιοχή του Ισραήλ.

 Η περιοχή κατοικείται από την Πρωτο-ιστορική εποχή έως σήμερα. Υπάρχουν ευρήματα πόλης κατά τη διάρκεια της εποχής του χαλκού η οποία θεωρείται ότι καταστράφηκε με την έλευση των Φιλισταίων. Πλούσια ευρήματα έχουν βρεθεί από τις ανασκαφές της πόλης κατά τη διάρκεια της εποχής του σιδήρου. Οι αρχαιολόγοι υποστηρίζουν ότι αυτή ήταν η πόλη των κατά τη διάρκεια της κυριαρχίας των Φιλισταίων. Το πιο σημαντικό εύρημα ήταν ένα όστρακο με μια επιγραφή που περιέχει δυο ονόματα που είναι ετυμολογικά όμοια με το όνομα Γολιάθ. Κατά τη διάρκεια των σταυροφοριών στην περιοχή χτίστηκε το φρούριο Μπλανς Γκαρντ από τους σταυροφόρους. Maeir, A.M. 2004. "The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological Perspective from Tell es-Safi/Gath." Vetus Testamentum 54(3):319–34. Maeir, A., and Uziel, J. 2007. A Tale of Two Tells: A Comparative Perspective on Tel Miqne-Ekron and Tell es-Sâfi/Gath in Light of Recent Archaeological Research. Pp. 29–42 in "Up to the Gates of Ekron: Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin," eds. S. Crawford, A. Ben-Tor, J. Dessel, W. Dever, A. Mazar and J. Aviram. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. Rainey, A. 1975. "The Identification of Philistine Gath - a Problem in Source Analysis for Historical Geography." Eretz Israel 12:63*-76*. Schniedewind, W. 1998. "The Geopolitical History of Philistine Gath." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 309:69–77. Ackermann, O., Maeir, A., and Bruins, H. 2004. Unique Human-Made Catenary Changes and Their Effect on Soil and Vegetation in the Semi-Arid Mediterranean Zone: A Case Study on Sarcopterium Spinosum Distribution Near Tell es­-S­âfi/Gath, Israel. Catena 57: 309-30 Ackermann, O., Bruins, H., and Maeir, A. 2005. A Unique Human-Made Trench at Tell es­-S­afi/Gath, Israel: Anthropogenic Impact and Landscape Response. Geoarchaeology 20(3): 303-28 Avissar, R., Uziel, J., and Maeir, A. 2007. Tell es-Safi/Gath During the Persian Period. Pp. 65–115 in A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbors in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods, ed. Y. Levin. London: T&T Clark International. Ben-Shlomo, D., Shai, I., Zukerman, A., and Maeir, A. 2008. Cooking Identities: Aegean-Style and Philistine Cooking Jugs and Cultural Interaction in the Southern Levant During the Iron Age. American Journal of Archaeology 112: 225–46. Horwitz, L., Lev-Tov, J., Chadwick, J., Wimmer, S., and Maeir, A. 2006. Working Bones: A Unique Iron Age IIA Bone Workshop from Tell es-Safi/Gath. Near Eastern Archaeology 66: 169–73. Maeir, A. 2003. Notes and News: Tell es-Safi. Israel Exploration Journal 53(3): 237-46 Idem. 2004. The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological Perspective from Tell es-Safi/Gath. Vetus Testamentum 54(3): 319-34 Idem. 2005. Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes 9/10: 185-86 Idem. 2007. Ten Years of Excavations at Biblical Gat Plishtim (In Hebrew). Qadmoniot 133: 15–24. Idem. 2007. A New Interpretation of the Term `Opalim (�����) in Light of Recent Archaeological Finds from Philistia. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 32: 23–40. Idem. In press. Fragments of Stone Reliefs from Bliss and Macalister’s Excavations at Tell es-Safi/Gath (In Hebrew with English Abstract). Eretz Israel (E. Stern Volume) 28. Maeir, A. and Ehrlich, C. 2001. Excavating Philistine Gath: Have We Found Goliath’s Hometown? Biblical Archaeology Review 27(6): 22-31 Maeir, A., and Shai, I. 2007. An Iron Age IIA Phoenician-Style (?) Fluted Ceramic Bowl from Tell es-Safi/Gath: A Ceramic Imitation of a Metal Prototype. Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society 23: 219–26. Maeir, A., and Uziel, J. 2007. A Tale of Two Tells: A Comparative Perspective on Tel Miqne-Ekron and Tell es-Sâfi/Gath in Light of Recent Archaeological Research. Pp. 29–42 in Up to the Gates of Ekron”: Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin, eds. S. Crawford, A. Ben-Tor, J. Dessel, W. Dever, A. Mazar and J. Aviram. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. Maeir, A., Wimmer, S., Zukerman, A., and Demsky, A. In press. An Iron Age I/IIA Archaic Alphabetic Inscription from Tell es-Safi/Gath: Paleography, Dating, and Historical-Cultural Significance. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. Rainey, A. 1975. The Identification of Philistine Gath - a Problem in Source Analysis for Historical Geography. Eretz Israel 12: 63*-76* Uziel, J., and Maeir, A. 2005. Scratching the Surface at Gath: Implications of the Tell es-Safi/Gath Surface Survey. Tel Aviv 32(1): 50-75. Wimmer, S., and Maeir, A. 2007. The Prince of Safit: A Late Bronze Age Hieratic Inscription from Tell Es­-S­âfi/Gath. Zeitschrift Des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 123(1): 37–48. Zukerman, A. H., L.K., Lev-Tov, J., and Maeir, A. 2007. A Bone of Contention? Iron Age IIA Notched Scapulae from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 347: 57–81. Zukerman, A., and Shai, I. 2006. “The Royal City of the Philistines” in the “Azekah Inscription” and the History of Gath in the Eighth Century BCE. Ugarit-Forschungen 38: 729–816. Δικτυακός τόπος ανασκαφής Tell es-Safi Επίσημο ιστολόγιο ανασκαφής Tell es-Safi