標準電極電勢表

標準電極電勢可以用來計算化學電池或原電池的電化學勢或電極電勢 。 標準電極電位是以標準氫原子作爲參比電極 ， 即氫的標準電極電位值定爲0 ， 與氫標準電極比較 ， 電位較高的爲正 ， 電位較低者爲負 。 本表中所給出的電極電勢以以下條件測得 ： 溫度在 298.15 K下 ， 即攝氏25度 。 在水溶液或汞齊中離子的有效濃度爲1mol / L 。 氣體反應物的分壓爲大氣壓 （ 1013.25 百帕 ） 以標準氫電極爲 ， 所有離子的數據都在水溶液中測得 。 活性度統一爲純固體 、 純液體或水溶液 。 單擊每欄上方的符號可將數據按元素符號 、 反應物 、 產物或標準電極電勢值排序 。 注 ： ( s ) – 固體 ； ( l ) – 液體 ； ( g ) – 氣體 ； ( aq ) – 水溶液 ； ( Hg ) – 汞齊 。 } • | −2.85 | | | - | 銪 | + 2 | | Eu ( s ) | −2.812 | | | - | 鐳 | + 2 | | Ra ( s ) | −2.8 | | | - | 鐿 | + 2 | | Yb ( s ) | −2.76 | | | - | 鈉 | + | | Na ( s ) | −2.71 | | | - | 釤 | + 2 | | Sm ( s ) | −2.68 | | | - | 鍩 | + 2 | | No ( s ) | −2.50 | | | - | 鉿 | ( s ) + + 4 | | ( s ) + 4 | −2.50 | | | - | 釷 | ( s ) + 4 | | Th ( s ) + 4 | −2.48 | | | - | 鍆 | + 2 | | Md ( s ) | −2.40 | | | - | 鑭 | + 3 | | La ( s ) | −2.379 | | | - | 釔 | + 3 | | Y ( s ) | −2.372 | | | - | 鎂 | + 2 | | Mg ( s ) | −2.372 | | | - | 鋯 | ( s ) + + 4 | | Zr ( s ) + 4 | −2.36 | | | - | 鐠 | + 3 | | Pr ( s ) | −2.353 | | | - | 鈰 | + 3 | | Ce ( s ) | −2.336 | | | - | 鉺 | + 3 | | Er ( s ) | −2.331 | | | - | 鈥 | + 3 | | Ho ( s ) | −2.33 | | | - | 鋁 | + 3 | | Al ( s ) + 4 | −2.33 | - | 鋁 | ( s ) + 3 | | Al ( s ) + 3 | −2.31 | - | 鋱 | + 3 | | Tb ( s ) | −2.28 | - | 氫 | ( g ) + 2 | | 2 | −2.25 | - | 錒 | + 3 | | Ac ( s ) | −2.20 | - | 鈹 | + | | Be ( s ) | −2.12 | | | - | 鉲 | + 2 | | Cf ( s ) | −2.12 | | | - | 鋂 | + 3 | | Am ( s ) | −2.048 | | | - | 鉲 | + 3 | | Cf ( s ) | −1.94 | | | - | 鈣 | + | | | −1.936 | | | - | 鋂 | + 2 | | Am ( s ) | −1.9 | | | - | 鐨 | + 3 | | Fm ( s ) | −1.89 | | | - | 鈹 | + 2 | | Be ( s ) | −1.85 | - | 鑪 | + 4 | | Rf ( s ) | −1.67 | | | - | 鈾 | + 3 | | U ( s ) | −1.66 | | | - | 鋁 | + 3 | | Al ( s ) | −1.66 | | | - | 鈦 | + 2 | | Ti ( s ) | −1.63 | | | - | 錇 | + 2 | | Bk ( s ) | −1.6 | | | - | 鋯 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | Zr ( s ) + 2 | −1.553 | | | - | 鉿 | + 4 | | Hf ( s ) | −1.55 | | | - | 鋯 | + 4 | | Zr ( s ) | −1.45 | | | - | 鈦 | + 3 | | Ti ( s ) | −1.37 | | | - | 鈦 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | Ti ( s ) + | −1.31 | - | 碳 | + 4 | | C | −1.3 | | | - | 鈦 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | 2TiO ( s ) + | −1.23 | - | 鋅 | + 2 | | Zn ( s ) + 4 | −1.199 | | | - | 錳 | + 2 | | Mn ( s ) | −1.185 | | | - | 鐵 | + 6 + 2 | | Fe ( s ) + 4HCN ( aq ) | −1.16 | | | - | 釩 | + 2 | | V ( s ) | −1.175 | | | - | 碲 | ( s ) + 2 | | Te2 − | −1.143 | | | - | 鈮 | + 3 | | Nb ( s ) | −1.099 | - | 錫 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | ( g ) | −1.07 | - | 銦 | ( s ) + 3 | | In ( s ) + 3 | −0.99 | | | - | 矽 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | Si ( s ) + 2 | −0.91 | - | 硼 | ( aq ) + 3 + 3 | | B ( s ) + 3 | −0.89 | - | 鐵 | ( s ) + 2 | | Fe ( s ) + 2 | −0.89 | | | - | 鐵 | ( s ) + 3 + 2 | | 2 ( s ) + 2 | −0.86 | | | - | 鈦 | + 2 + 4 | | Ti ( s ) + | −0.86 | - style = " background - color: #eeffff; " | 水 | 2 + 2 | | ( g ) + 2 | −0.8277 | | | - | 鉍 | ( s ) + 3 + 3 | | | −0.8 | | | - | 鋅 | + 2 | | Zn ( Hg ) | −0.7628 | | | - | 鋅 | + 2 | | Zn ( s ) | −0.7618 | | | - | 鉭 | ( s ) + 10 + 10 | | 2 ( s ) + 5 | −0.75 | - | 鉻 | + 3 | | Cr ( s ) | −0.74 | - | 金 | + | | ( s ) + 2 | −0.60 | - | 鉭 | + 3 | | Ta ( s ) | −0.6 | - | 鉛 | PbO ( s ) + + 2 | | Pb ( s ) + 2 | −0.58 | - | 鈦 | 2 ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | ( s ) + | −0.56 | - | 鎵 | + 3 | | Ga ( s ) | −0.53 | - | 鈾 | + | | | −0.52 | | | - | 磷 | ( aq ) + + | | P + 2 | −0.508 | | | - | 磷 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) + | −0.499 | | | - | 磷 | ( aq ) + 3 + 3 | | P + 3 | −0.454 | | | - | 鐵 | + 2 | | Fe ( s ) | -0.44 | | | - | 碳 | 2 ( g ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) | −0.43 | - | 鉻 | + | | | −0.42 | - | 鎘 | + 2 | | Cd ( s ) | −0.40 | | | - | 硒 | + 4 + 3 | | Se + 6 | −0.37 | | | - | 鍺 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | GeO ( s ) + | −0.37 | - | 銅 | ( s ) + + 2 | | 2Cu ( s ) + 2 | −0.360 | | | - | 鉛 | ( s ) + 2 | | ( s ) + | −0.3588 | | | - | 鉛 | ( s ) + 2 | | Pb ( Hg ) + | −0.3505 | | | - | 銪 | + | | | −0.35 | | | - | 銦 | + 3 | | In ( s ) | −0.34 | | | - | 鉈 | + | | Tl ( s ) | −0.34 | | | - | | NAD ( P ) | +  + + 2 | | NAD ( P ) H | −0.32 | | | - | 硼 | + 3 | | B ( s ) | −0.31 | - | 鍺 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | ( g ) | −0.29 | - | 鈷 | + 2 | | Co ( s ) | −0.28 | | | - | 磷 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) + | −0.276 | | | - | 釩 | + | | | −0.26 | | | - | 鎳 | + 2 | | Ni ( s ) | −0.25 | - | 砷 | ( s ) + 3 + 3 | | ( g ) | −0.23 | | | - | 銀 | ( s ) + | | Ag ( s ) + | −0.15224 | | | - | 鉬 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | Mo ( s ) + 2 | −0.15 | - | 硅 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | ( g ) | −0.14 | - | 錫 | + 2 | | Sn ( s ) | −0.13 | - style = " background - color: #eeffff; " | 氧 | ( g ) + + | | • ( aq ) | −0.13 | - | 鉛 | + 2 | | Pb ( s ) | −0.13 | | | - | 鎢 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | ( s ) + 2 | −0.12 | - | 磷 | + 3 + 3 | | ( g ) | −0.111 | | | - | 碳 | ( g ) + 2 + 2 | | HCOOH ( aq ) | −0.11 | - | 硒 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | ( g ) | −0.11 | - | 碳 | ( g ) + 2 + 2 | | CO ( g ) + | −0.11 | - | 錫 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | Sn ( s ) + | −0.10 | - | 錫 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | SnO ( s ) + | −0.09 | - | 鎢 | ( aq ) + 6 + 6 | | W ( s ) + 3 | −0.09 | | | - | 磷 | + 3 + 3 | | ( g ) | −0.063 | | | - | 氘 | + 2 | | ( g ) | −0.044 | | | - | 鐵 | + 3 | | Fe ( s ) | −0.04 | | | - | 碳 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | HCHO ( aq ) + | −0.03 | - style = " background - color: #ddddff; " | 氫 | 2 + 2 | | ( g ) | −0.00 | ≡ 0 | - | 銀 | ( s ) + | | Ag ( s ) + Br − | +0.07133 | | | - | 硫 | + 2 | | 2 | +0.08 | - | 鐵 | ( s ) + 8 + 8 | | 3Fe ( s ) + 4 | +0.085 | | | - | 氮 | ( g ) + 2 + 6 + 6 | | 2 ( aq ) | +0.092 | - | 汞 | ( s ) + + 2 | | Hg ( l ) + 2 | +0.0977 | - | 銅 | + | | + 2 | +0.10 | | | - | 釕 | + | | Ru ( NH | 3 | ) | 6 | 2 +  | +0.10 | | | - | | ( aq ) + 4 + 2 | | 2 + 4 | +0.11 | | | - | 鉬 | ( aq ) + 6 + 6 | | Mo ( s ) + 4 | +0.11 | - | 鍺 | + 4 | | Ge ( s ) | +0.12 | - | 碳 | ( s ) + 4 + 4 | | ( g ) | +0.13 | | | - | 碳 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) | +0.13 | - | 硫 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | ( g ) | +0.14 | - | 錫 | + 2 | | | +0.15 | - | 銅 | + | | | +0.159 | | | - | 硫 | + 3 + 2 | | ( aq ) + 2 | +0.16 | - | 鈾 | + | | | +0.163 | | | - | 硫 | + 4 + 2 | | ( aq ) + 2 | +0.17 | - | 鈦 | + 2 + | | Ti | 3 +  + | +0.19 | - | 鉍 | + 2 | | Bi +  | +0.2 | - | 銻 | + 2 + 3 | | Sb ( s ) + | +0.20 | - | 碳 | ( g ) + 4 + 4 | | C ( s ) + 2 | +0.205 | - | 銀 | ( s ) + | | Ag ( s ) + | +0.22233 | | | - | 砷 | ( aq ) + 3 + 3 | | As ( s ) + 3 | +0.24 | - | 鍺 | GeO ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | Ge ( s ) + | +0.26 | - | 鈾 | + 4 + | | + 2 | +0.273 | | | - | 砹 | + | | 2 | +0.3 | | | - | 錸 | + 3 | | Re ( s ) | +0.300 | - | 鉍 | + 3 | | Bi ( s ) | +0.32 | - | 釩 | + 2 + | | + | +0.34 | - | 銅 | + 2 | | Cu ( s ) | +0.340 | | | - | | + | | | +0.36 | - | 鎝 | + 2 | | Tc ( s ) | +0.40 | | | - style = " background - color: #eeffff; " | 氧 | ( g ) + 2 + 4 | | 4 ( aq ) | +0.40 | | | - | 鉬 | + 6 + 3 | | + 2 | +0.43 | - | 釕 | + 2 | | Ru ( s ) | +0.455 | | | - | 鉍 | + | | Bi ( s ) | +0.50 | - | 碳 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( g ) + | +0.50 | - | 硫 | ( aq ) + 4 + 4 | | S ( s ) + 2 | +0.50 | - | 銅 | + | | Cu ( s ) | +0.520 | | | - | 碳 | ( g ) + 2 + 2 | | C ( s ) + | +0.52 | - | 碘 | + 2 | | 3 | +0.53 | | | - | 碘 | ( s ) + 2 | | 2 | +0.54 | | | - | 金 | + 3 | | Au ( s ) + 4 | +0.56 | - | 砷 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) + | +0.56 | - | 金 | + | | Au ( s ) + 2 | +0.58 | - | 錳 | + 2 + 3 | | ( s ) + 4 | +0.59 | - | 銠 | + | | Rh ( s ) | +0.600 | | | - | 硫 | + 6 + 4 | | 2S ( s ) + 3 | +0.60 | - | | + | | ( s ) | +0.641 | | | - | 銀 | + | | Ag + | +0.643 | | | - | 鉬 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( s ) + 2 | +0.65 | - | | + 2 + 2 | | | +0.6992 | | | - | 氧 | ( g ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) | +0.70 | - | 鉈 | + 3 | | Tl ( s ) | +0.72 | - | | + 2 | | + 2 | +0.726 | | | - | 硒 | ( aq ) + 4 + 4 | | Se ( s ) + 3 | +0.74 | - | 銠 | + 3 | | Rh ( s ) | +0.758 | | | - | 鉑 | + 2 | | Pt ( s ) + 4 | +0.758 | | | - | 鐵 | + | | | +0.77 | - | 銀 | + | | Ag ( s ) | +0.7996 | | | - | 汞 | + 2 | | 2Hg ( l ) | +0.80 | - | | ( aq ) + 2 + | | ( g ) + | +0.80 | - | | + 5 + 6 | | ( s ) + 10 | +0.81 | | | - | | + 3 | | Au ( s ) + 4 | +0.85 | - | 汞 | + 2 | | Hg ( l ) | +0.85 | - | 錳 | + + | | | +0.90 | - | 汞 | 2 + 2 | | | +0.91 | | | - | 鈀 | + 2 | | Pd ( s ) | +0.915 | | | - | | + 3 | | Au ( s ) + 4 | +0.93 | - | 錳 | ( s ) + 4 + | | + 2 | +0.95 | - | | + | | Au ( s ) + 2 | +0.96 | - | | + 2 + 2 + | | + 4 | +0.99 | | | - | 硝 | + + | | ( g ) + | +0.996 | - | 碲 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( s ) + 4 | +1.02 | | | - | 溴 | ( l ) + 2 | | 2 | +1.07 | - | 溴 | ( aq ) + 2 | | 2 | +1.09 | | | - | | ( g ) + + | | | +1.093 | - | | + 5 + 4 | | HIO ( aq ) + 2 | +1.13 | - | | + | | Au ( s ) + 2 | +1.15 | - | 硒 | + 3 + 2 | | ( aq ) + | +1.15 | - | 銥 | + 3 | | Ir ( s ) | +1.156 | | | - | 銀 | ( s ) + 2 + 2 | | 2Ag ( s ) + | +1.17 | - | 氯 | + 2 + | | ( g ) + | +1.18 | - | 氙 | + 5 + 8 | | Xe ( g ) + 11 | +1.18 | | | - | 鉑 | + 2 | | Pt ( s ) | +1.188 | | | - | 氯 | ( g ) + + | | ( aq ) | +1.19 | - | 碘 | 2 + 12 + 10 | | ( s ) + 6 | +1.20 | - | 氯 | + 2 + 2 | | + | +1.20 | - | 氧 | ( g ) + 4 + 4 | | 2' | +1.229 | | | - | 錳 | ( s ) + 4 + 2 | | + 2 | +1.23 | - | 氙 | + 3 + 6 | | Xe ( g ) + 7 | +1.24 | | | - | 鉈 | + 2 | | | +1.25 | - | 鉻 | + 14 + 6 | | 2 + 7 | +1.33 | - | 氯 | ( g ) + 2 | | 2 | +1.36 | | | - | 鈷 | ( s ) + 4 + | | + 2 | +1.42 | - | | 2 + + 2 | | + 2 | +1.42 | | | - | 碘 | 2HIO ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( s ) + 2 | +1.44 | - | 鈰 | + | | | +1.44 | - | 溴 | + 5 + 4 | | HBrO ( aq ) + 2 | +1.45 | - | 鉛 | ( s ) + 4 + 2 | | + 2 | +1.460 | | | - | 鉛 | ( s ) + 4 + 2 | | + 2 | +1.468 | | | - | 溴 | 2 + 12 + 10 | | ( l ) + 6 | +1.48 | - | 氯 | 2 + 12 + 10 | | ( g ) + 6 | +1.49 | - | | + + | | | +1.495 | | | - | 錳 | + 8 + 5 | | + 4 | +1.51 | - | | • + + | | ( aq ) | +1.51 | - | 金 | + 3 | | Au ( s ) | +1.52 | - | 鎳 | NiO | ( s ) + 4 + 2 | | Ni | + 2 | +1.59 | - | 氯 | 2chem | Xe ( g ) + 2HF ( aq ) | +2.32 | | | - | 氙 | ( aq ) + 2 + 2 | | ( aq ) + | +2.42 | | | - | 氟 | ( g ) + 2 | | 2F − | +2.87 | | | - | 氟 | ( g ) + 2 + 2 | | 2HF ( aq'' ) | +3.05 | | | - | 鋱 | + | | | +3.05 | | | }