Given the input sentence, please extract the subject and object containing a certain relation in the sentence according to the following relation types, in the format of "relation1: word1, word2; relation2: word3, word4". Relations include: product/material produced; manufacturer; distributed by; industry; position held; original broadcaster; owned by; founded by; distribution format; headquarters location; stock exchange; currency; parent organization; chief executive officer; director/manager; owner of; operator; member of; employer; chairperson; platform; subsidiary; legal form; publisher; developer; brand; business division; location of formation; creator.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements include: (a) material adverse changes in aluminum industry conditions, including global supply and demand conditions and fluctuations in London Metal Exchange-based prices and premiums, as applicable, for primary aluminum, alumina, and other products, and fluctuations in indexed-based and spot prices for alumina; (b) deterioration in global economic and financial market conditions generally; (c) unfavorable changes in the markets served by Alcoa, including aerospace, automotive, commercial transportation, building and construction, packaging, defense, and industrial gas turbine; (d) the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on costs and results, particularly the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, Canadian dollar, euro, and Norwegian kroner; (e) increases in energy costs or the unavailability or interruption of energy supplies; (f) increases in the costs of other raw materials; (g) Alcoa’s inability to achieve the level of revenue growth, cash generation, cost savings, improvement in profitability and margins, fiscal discipline, or strengthening of competitiveness and operations (including moving its alumina refining and aluminum smelting businesses down on the industry cost curves and increasing revenues and improving margins in its Global Rolled Products and Engineered Products and Solutions segments) anticipated from its restructuring programs and productivity improvement, cash sustainability, technology, and other initiatives; (h) Alcoa’s inability to realize expected benefits, in each case as planned and by targeted completion dates, from acquisitions (including achieving the expected levels of synergies, revenue growth, or EBITDA margin improvement), sales of assets, closures or curtailments of facilities, newly constructed, expanded, or acquired facilities, or international joint ventures, including the joint venture in Saudi Arabia; (i) political, economic, and regulatory risks in the countries in which Alcoa operates or sells products, including unfavorable changes in laws and governmental policies, civil unrest, imposition of sanctions, expropriation of assets, or other events beyond Alcoa’s control; (j) the outcome of contingencies, including legal proceedings, government or regulatory investigations, and environmental remediation; (k) the impact of cyber attacks and potential information technology or data security breaches; (l) failure to receive the required votes of RTI’s shareholders to approve the merger of RTI with Alcoa, or the failure to satisfy the other closing conditions to the acquisition; (m) the risk that acquisitions (including Firth Rixson, TITAL and RTI) will not be integrated successfully or such integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected; (n) the possibility that certain assumptions with respect to RTI or the acquisition could prove to be inaccurate, including the expected timing of closing; (o) the loss of customers, suppliers and other business relationships as a result of acquisitions, competitive developments, or other factors; (p) the potential failure to retain key employees of Alcoa or acquired businesses; (q) the effect of an increased number of Alcoa shares outstanding as a result of the acquisition of RTI; (r) the impact of potential sales of Alcoa common stock issued in the RTI acquisition; (s) failure to successfully implement, to achieve commercialization of, or to realize expected benefits from, new or innovative technologies, equipment, processes, or products, including the Micromill TM , innovative aluminum wheels, and advanced alloys; and (t) the other risk factors discussed in Alcoa’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Answer: product_or_material_produced: smelting, Metal