Given the input sentence, please extract the subject and object containing a certain relation in the sentence according to the following relation types, in the format of "relation1: word1, word2; relation2: word3, word4". Relations include: product/material produced; manufacturer; distributed by; industry; position held; original broadcaster; owned by; founded by; distribution format; headquarters location; stock exchange; currency; parent organization; chief executive officer; director/manager; owner of; operator; member of; employer; chairperson; platform; subsidiary; legal form; publisher; developer; brand; business division; location of formation; creator.

"It is now clear that the enforcement action taken in the US and EU under their laws against the 'exclusionary conduct' of Microsoft a decade ago created opportunities for new market entrants like Google's Chrome browser, Apple's Safari browser and iTunes, YouTube, Adobe Flash, Skype and providers of web-based mail such as Google and Yahoo."

Answer: operator: Skype, Microsoft