Given the input sentence, please extract the subject and object containing a certain relation in the sentence according to the following relation types, in the format of "relation1: word1, word2; relation2: word3, word4". Relations include: product/material produced; manufacturer; distributed by; industry; position held; original broadcaster; owned by; founded by; distribution format; headquarters location; stock exchange; currency; parent organization; chief executive officer; director/manager; owner of; operator; member of; employer; chairperson; platform; subsidiary; legal form; publisher; developer; brand; business division; location of formation; creator.

WASHINGTON, July 7 (Reuters) - A federal appeals court on Tuesday rejected a challenge to a long-standing ban on U.S. government contractors making campaign contributions in federal elections, emphasizing that the policy was put in place to prevent corruption.The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled against three individual contractors who contended that the ban violated their constitutional rights to free speech and equal protection under the law.Writing on behalf of an 11-judge panel, Chief Judge Merrick Garland wrote that "the concerns that spurred the original bar remain as important today as when the statute was enacted" in 1940.The U.S.  , which defended the law, said in court papers the ban was needed to prevent corruption and interference with government decision-making.The case did not touch upon the campaign contributions ban on corporations that have contracts with the federal government.Garland wrote that the original law was prompted by a corruption scandal involving federal contracts.

Answer: position_held: Merrick Garland, Chief Judge