Utilize the input text as a context reference, choose the right relationship between Random House and Bertelsmann from the options. Options: product/material produced, manufacturer, distributed by, industry, position held, original broadcaster, owned by, founded by, distribution format, headquarters location, stock exchange, currency, parent organization, chief executive officer, director/manager, owner of, operator, member of, employer, chairperson, platform, subsidiary, legal form, publisher, developer, brand, business division, location of formation, creator.

Pooled Assets Bertelsmann and Pearson created Penguin Random House by pooling their assets in 2012 to gain more clout in negotiating with retail outlets such as Amazon.com Inc.

Answer: owned_by