Hyukkyu/beir-climate-fever huggingface dataset:
Claim: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Australia
evidence: Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500 mm.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Australia
evidence: Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, the continent includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Ice age
evidence: The ice sheets increase Earth's reflectivity and thus reduce the absorption of solar radiation.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Snowball Earth
evidence: Firstly, tropical continents are more reflective than open ocean, and so absorb less of the Sun's heat: most absorption of Solar energy on Earth today occurs in tropical oceans.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Snowball Earth
evidence: This low temperature was maintained by the high albedo of the ice sheets, which reflected most incoming solar energy into space.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Australian households will benefit to the tune of $550 a year if the carbon tax is axed.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Carbon tax
evidence: The carbon tax expects to raise 25 billion rupees ($535 million) for the financial year 2010–2011.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Carbon tax
evidence: Officials estimated that the tax would generate income of 37 billion yen a year for the government and result in a payment of 2,100 yen per year for an average household.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Carbon tax
evidence: As of the year 2002, the standard carbon tax rate since 1996 amounts to 100 DKK per tonne of CO 2, equivalent to approximately €13 or US$18.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Carbon tax
evidence: The total estimated income from the carbon tax would have been between €3-4.5 billion annually, with 55 percent of profit coming from households and 45 percent coming from businesses.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Carbon tax
evidence: The average household pays US$21 towards the tax each year, while the average business pays $94 per year.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Barack Obama and Joe Biden will establish a 10 percent federal Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) to require that 10 percent of electricity consumed in the U.S. is derived from clean, sustainable energy sources, like solar, wind and geothermal by 2012.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Democratic Party (United States)
evidence: Democrats have supported increased domestic renewable energy development, including wind and solar power farms, in an effort to reduce carbon pollution.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Energy policy of the United States
evidence: A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a mandate that requires electricity providers to supply to their customers a minimum amount of power from renewable sources, usually as a percentage of total energy use.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Energy policy of the United States
evidence: Other plans include making society carbon neutral and using renewable energy, including solar, wind, and methane sources.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Presidential transition of Barack Obama
evidence: By 2012, 10% of U.S. electricity shall come from renewable sources and 25% by 2025.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Wind power
evidence: Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Barack Obama supports proposals "to devote billions of dollars annually to state game and fish agencies and federal land management agencies to help them ensure that fish and wildlife survive the impacts of climate change."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Barack Obama
evidence: He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry, which was never enacted but later incorporated in the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010; and co-sponsored legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: His proposal was to spend $900 billion over 10 years and include a government insurance plan, also known as the public option, to compete with the corporate insurance sector as a main component to lowering costs and improving quality of health care.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: National Park Service
evidence: They include: stewardship and education; professional excellence; youth programs; climate change impacts; and budget restructure and realignment.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: United States Forest Service
evidence: The budget includes $2.4 billion for Wildland Fire Management, a decrease of $530 million from the 2019 Annualized Continuing Resolution because the “fire fix” cap adjustment becomes available in FY 2020, while the FY 2019 Annualized Continuing Resolution includes $500 million above the base as bridge to the first year of the fire fix.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: United States Forest Service
evidence: Through implementation of land and resource management plans, the agency ensures sustainable ecosystems by restoring and maintaining species diversity and ecological productivity that helps provide recreation, water, timber, minerals, fish, wildlife, wilderness, and aesthetic values for current and future generations of people.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barack Obama told the U.S. Coast Guard Academy "that the number one threat to the military and the world today is global warming."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Barack Obama
evidence: "A Global Threat Emerges".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: He announced an increase in U.S. troop levels to 17,000 military personnel in February 2009 to "stabilize a deteriorating situation in Afghanistan," an area he said had not received the "strategic attention, direction and resources it urgently requires."
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough," Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong."
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Effects of global warming
evidence: Some climate researchers and activists have characterized it as an existential threat to civilization.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Presidency of Barack Obama
evidence: During his presidency, Obama described global warming as the greatest long-term threat facing the world.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Barack Obama will help the Gulf Coast restore the wetlands, marshes and barrier islands that are critical to tamping down the force of hurricanes.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Barack Obama
evidence: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 served as economic stimulus amidst the Great Recession.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: In foreign policy, he ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, continued the process of ending U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan in 2016, promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, initiated sanctions against Russia following the invasion in Ukraine and again after Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, brokered a nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized U.S. relations with Cuba.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: On April 20, 2010, an explosion destroyed an offshore drilling rig at the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, causing a major sustained oil leak.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: "Obama Legacy Will Be Recovery from Recession, Affordable Care Act".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Barack Obama
evidence: After Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014, military intervention in Syria in 2015, and the interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Obama's Russia policy was widely seen as a failure.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Hurricane Gustav
evidence: The Mississippi River was shut to all ship traffic between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans on August 30.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Hurricane Katrina
evidence: Hard-hit St. Bernard Parish was flooded because of breaching of the levees that contained a navigation channel called the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) and the breach of the 40 Arpent canal levee that was designed and built by the Orleans Levee Board.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Hurricane Katrina
evidence: The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) breached its levees in approximately 20 places, flooding much of eastern New Orleans, most of St. Bernard Parish and the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal
evidence: In 2005, although disputed by the Corps of Engineers, the MRGO channeled Hurricane Katrina's storm surge into the heart of Greater New Orleans, contributing significantly to the subsequent multiple engineering failures experienced by the region's hurricane protection network.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal
evidence: Levees along the MRGO and the Intracoastal Waterway were breached in approximately 20 places, directly flooding most of St. Bernard Parish and New Orleans East.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Big rooftop solar's plan forces Nevada families who don't have solar panels to pay higher power bills to subsidize rooftop solar.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Net metering
evidence: In a state that is presently faced with various renewable energy issues, the idea of terminating personal property taxes on solar panels was widely supported.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Net metering
evidence: Households with a smaller number of solar panels would likely see their rates go up under the proposal.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Net metering
evidence: Customers who use a small amount of electricity because they produce some of their own via solar panels do not pay enough to cover their portion of transmission and distribution systems, according to the utility companies.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Net metering
evidence: The new rules "encourage community solar projects and help ratepayers, who subsidize the above market rates utilities are required to pay for power generated under the program."
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Net metering
evidence: A 2014 report funded by the Institute for Electric Innovation claims that net metering in California produces excessively large subsidies for typical residential rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Bill Nye proposed penalizing families with too many children to reduce population growth and slow climate change.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Human overpopulation
evidence: As of 2008, the price of grain has increased due to more farming used in biofuels, world oil prices at over $100 a barrel, global population growth, climate change, loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development, and growing consumer demand in China and India Food riots have recently taken place in many countries across the world.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Human overpopulation
evidence: Population planning that is intended to reduce population size or growth rate may promote or enforce one or more of the following practices, although there are other methods as well: Greater and better access to contraception Reducing infant mortality so that parents do not need to have many children to ensure at least some survive to adulthood.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Human overpopulation
evidence: Child mortality has declined, which in turn has led to reduced birth rates, thus slowing overall population growth.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Human population planning
evidence: Higher taxation of parents who have too many children Contraception Abstinence Reducing infant mortality so that parents do not need to have many children to ensure at least some survive to adulthood.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Human population planning
evidence: [citation needed] Population policies that are intended to increase a population or subpopulation growth rates may use practices such as: Higher taxation of married couples who have no, or too few, children Politicians imploring the populace to have bigger families Tax breaks and subsidies for families with children Loosening of immigration restrictions, and/or mass recruitment of foreign workers by the government A number of ancient writers have reflected on the issue of population.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: California legislators have made it illegal for anyone to deny climate change, under threat of jail time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: California
evidence: The Legislature shall make no law which diminishes or ignores the role of English as the common language of California.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: California
evidence: Among the political idiosyncrasies and trendsetting, California was the second state to recall their state governor, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by vote (including Proposition 8 in 2008).
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change denial
evidence: In the 1990s, the Marshall Institute began campaigning against increased regulations on environmental issues such as acid rain, ozone depletion, second-hand smoke, and the dangers of DDT.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change mitigation
evidence: In the absence of substantial federal action, state governments have adopted emissions-control laws such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the Northeast and the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 in California.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Institutional racism
evidence: If the government was armed with appropriate legislation and the threat of long prison terms, private citizens would not feel the need to act.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Carbon dioxide is not "a primary contributor to the global warming that we see."
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
article: Carbon dioxide
evidence: "How do we know more CO2 is causing warming?".
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Greenhouse gas
evidence: Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Scott Pruitt
evidence: On March 9, 2017, in an interview on CNBC's Squawk Box, Pruitt stated that he "would not agree that" carbon dioxide is "a primary contributor to the global warming that we see" backing up his claim by stating that "measuring with precision human activity on the climate is something very challenging to do and there's tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact."
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Scott Pruitt
evidence: In March 2017, Pruitt said that he does not believe that human activities, specifically carbon dioxide emissions, are a primary contributor to climate change, a view which is in contradiction with the scientific consensus.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Scott Pruitt
evidence: "EPA chief Scott Pruitt says carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to global warming".
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Climate scientist James Hansen: "we have until perhaps 50 years from now," or maybe a little longer "and at that point, we are looking at 10, 20, 30 feet of sea-level rise."
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
article: James Hansen
evidence: Hansen concluded that global warming would be evident within the next few decades, and that it would result in temperatures at least as high as during the Eemian.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: James Hansen
evidence: George Monbiot reports "The IPCC predicts that sea levels could rise by as much as 59 centimetres (1.94 ft) this century.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Sea level rise
evidence: For instance, a 2016 study led by Jim Hansen concluded that based on past climate change data, sea level rise could accelerate exponentially in the coming decades, with a doubling time of 10, 20 or 40 years, respectively, raising the ocean by several meters in 50, 100 or 200 years.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Sea level rise
evidence: According to the Fourth (2017) National Climate Assessment (NCA) of the United States it is very likely sea level will rise between 30 and 130 cm (1.0–4.3 feet) in 2100 compared to the year 2000.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Sea level rise
evidence: For example, in 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected a high end estimate of 60 cm (2 ft) through 2099, but their 2014 report raised the high-end estimate to about 90 cm (3 ft).
evidence_label: REFUTES
Claim: Climate scientists have predicted global temperatures would increase more than one degree Celsius by 2020," but observed temperatures have been only half as high.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Antarctica
evidence: In February 2020, the region recorded the highest temperature of 18.3 degree Celsius which was a degree higher than the previous record of 17.5 degrees in March 2015.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change and agriculture
evidence: The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F (0.83 °C) since 1880.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Earth
evidence: About a billion years from now, all surface water will have disappeared and the mean global temperature will reach 70 °C (158 °F).
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Global issue
evidence: In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Global warming
evidence: The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Connie Mack "is protecting Chevron oil from a multi-billion dollar lawsuit over pollution of rivers and rainforests."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Chevron Corporation
evidence: In 2003, a class action lawsuit against Chevron was filed in Ecuadorian court for $28 billion by indigenous residents, who accused Texaco of making residents ill and damaging forests and rivers by discharging 18 billion US gallons (68,000,000 m3) of formation water into the Amazon rainforest without any environmental remediation.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Chevron Corporation
evidence: "Texaco faces $1bn lawsuit".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Chevron Corporation
evidence: "Chevron faces $10.6bn Brazil legal suit over oil spill".
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Texaco
evidence: In 1993, several dozen tribal leaders and residents from the Ecuadoran Amazon filed a billion-dollar class-action lawsuit against Texaco, as a result of massive ecological pollution of the area and rivers around Texaco's Ecuadorian offshore drilling sites, causing toxic contamination of approximately 30,000 residents.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Water pollution
evidence: Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
article: Electricity generation
evidence: Recent advances in manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Florida
evidence: It is estimated that approximately 4% of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Presidency of Donald Trump
evidence: The administration enacted 30% tariffs on imported solar panels.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar power in Florida
evidence: In 2006, the State of Florida enacted the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, which provided consumers with rebates and tax credits for solar photovoltaic systems.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Solar power in Florida
evidence: Developers in Florida have announced the addition of solar panels on all new homes in several subdivisions.
evidence_label: REFUTES
Claim: Despite attention on global warming, "fewer Americans carpool today to work than carpooled in 1980" and "SUVs have never been a larger proportion of the vehicles being sold in this country."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Sport utility vehicle
evidence: By 2003 there were 76 million SUVs and light trucks on U.S. roads, representing approximately 35% of the vehicles on the road.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Sport utility vehicle
evidence: In 2019, the International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that the global number of SUVs and crossovers on the road multiplied by six since 2010 — from 35 million to 200 million vehicles, and their market share has grown to 40 percent of worldwide new light vehicle sales at the end of the decade.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sport utility vehicle
evidence: In 2015, global sales of SUVs overtook the "lower medium car" segment, to become the largest market segment, accounting for 22.9% of "light vehicle" sales in 2015.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sport utility vehicle
evidence: The SUV segment further grew to 26% of the global passenger car market in 2016, then to 36.8% of the market in Q1–Q3 of 2017.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Sport utility vehicle
evidence: "SUVs Become the Largest and Fastest-Growing Automotive Segment in 2015".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Climate change denial
evidence: Donald Trump tweeted in 2012 that the Chinese invented "the concept of global warming" because they believed it would somehow hurt U.S. manufacturing.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Donald Trump
evidence: "With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Donald Trump
evidence: Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Global warming conspiracy theory
evidence: "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive" (Tweet).
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Global warming conspiracy theory
evidence: In 2012, Donald Trump claimed that "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive."
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Climate change denial
evidence: "NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change policy of the United States
evidence: Donald Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has said that "climate change is a hoax invented by and for Chinese."
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Donald Trump
evidence: Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement
evidence: Trump is a climate change skeptic, who in 2012 tweeted that he believed the concept of global warming was created by China in order to impair American competitiveness.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement
evidence: "Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China".
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Donald Trump signed an executive order naming climate change as a threat "both to the economy and national security."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Climate change policy of the United States
evidence: An executive order was issued by President Trump on January 24, 2017 that removed barriers from the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipelines, making it easier for the companies sponsoring them to continue with production.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change policy of the United States
evidence: On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order aimed towards boosting the coal industry.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Donald Trump
evidence: "Executive Order Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Donald Trump
evidence: "LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency
evidence: On January 25, Trump signed an executive order, "Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States", to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General and their departments and agencies to increase the enforcement of immigration laws which included the hiring of 10,000 "additional immigration officers".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3Â°C to 1.1Â°C
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
article: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
evidence: Following the start of the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO 2 concentration increased to over 400 parts per million and continues to increase, causing the phenomenon of global warming.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Climate change feedback
evidence: The higher CO2 levels led to an additional climate warming ranging between 0.1° and 1.5 °C.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Climate sensitivity
evidence: Without feedbacks the radiative forcing of approximately 3.7 W/m2, due to doubling CO 2 from the pre-industrial 280 ppm, would eventually result in roughly 1 °C global warming.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate sensitivity
evidence: The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Global warming
evidence: Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: During "the recent global warming summit in Copenhagen, Nancy Pelosi and others stayed at a five-star hotel on a trip costing nearly $10,000 per person."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
evidence: The document was subtitled as "The Copenhagen Agreement" and proposes measures to keep average global temperature rises to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
evidence: An article by Gerald Traufetter for Spiegel Online described the Copenhagen summit as a "political disaster," and asserted that the US and China "joined forces to stymie every attempt by European nations to reach agreement."
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climatic Research Unit email controversy
evidence: "A controversy over leaked e-mails exchanged among global warming scientists is part of a 'smear campaign' to derail next month's United Nations climate summit in Copenhagen, one of the scientists, meteorologist Michael Mann, said Tuesday...Climate change sceptics 'don't have the science on their side any more, so they've resorted to a smear campaign to distract the public from the reality of the problem and the need to confront it head-on in Copenhagen' said Mann"; Feldman, Stacy (25 November 2009).
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Copenhagen Airport
evidence: In 2001 the five-star Hilton hotel opened with 382 rooms.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Scientific consensus on climate change
evidence: The New York Times reported that "the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: During a state House debate on a jobs and energy bill this week, Democrats offered an amendment that would put the Legislature on record saying that climate change is real and that humans are causing it.
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
article: Debbie Stabenow
evidence: Stabenow's proposed amendment to keep the Environmental Protection Agency from regulating greenhouse gas emissions for two years also drew criticism.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: John Kasich
evidence: In a speech in April 2012, Kasich acknowledged that climate change is real and is a problem.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Marco Rubio
evidence: He disputes the scientific understanding of climate change, arguing that human activity does not play a major role in global warming and that proposals to address climate change would be ineffective and economically harmful.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Republican Party (United States)
evidence: From 2008 to 2017, the Republican Party went from "debating how to combat human-caused climate change to arguing that it does not exist", according to The New York Times.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Republican Party (United States)
evidence: In January 2015, the Republican-led U.S. Senate voted 98–1 to pass a resolution acknowledging that "climate change is real and is not a hoax"; however, an amendment stating that "human activity significantly contributes to climate change" was supported by only five Republican senators.
evidence_label: REFUTES
Claim: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Abbott Government
evidence: 2013 Election Launching his campaign for the 2013 Election, Tony Abbott outlined the economic priorities of the Coalition, promising to tackle government debt, eliminate "waste" in government expenditure, and decrease taxes which place a burden on industry and business: We'll build a stronger economy so everyone can get ahead.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Abbott Government
evidence: We'll scrap the carbon tax so your family will be $550 a year better off.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Abbott Government
evidence: He committed to abolishing the carbon tax, to bring down power and gas prices, and to abolishing the mining tax to increase investment and employment.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Abbott Government
evidence: Labor and the Greens opposed the Coalition's promised abolition of carbon pricing, and the introduction of "direct action" carbon-reduction policies, but the Government secured cross bench support for the repeal of the tax in July 2014.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Tony Abbott
evidence: On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Electricity rates are 40 percent higher in states that have required utility companies to use a certain amount of renewable energy such as solar power.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Carbon tax
evidence: In addition to creating incentives for energy conservation, a carbon tax would put renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and geothermal on a more competitive footing, stimulating their growth.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Energy policy of the United States
evidence: A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a mandate that requires electricity providers to supply to their customers a minimum amount of power from renewable sources, usually as a percentage of total energy use.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Smart grid
evidence: Smart grid technology is a necessary condition for very large amounts of renewable electricity on the grid for this reason.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar power
evidence: Also, Renewable portfolio standards impose a government mandate that utilities generate or acquire a certain percentage of renewable power regardless of increased energy procurement costs.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Wind power in the United States
evidence: Renewable portfolio standards require renewable energy to exist (most of them intermittent such as wind and solar), but at the expense of utilities and consumers.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Austin, Texas
evidence: The new city hall, built from recycled materials, has solar panels in its garage.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Baltimore
evidence: The wheel moves continuously, removing garbage and dumping it into an attached dumpster using only hydro and solar renewable power to keep its wheel turning.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Gainesville, Florida
evidence: The FIT allowed small businesses and homeowners to supply electricity into the municipal power grid and paid a premium for the clean, on-site generated solar electricity.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: MetLife Stadium
evidence: "MetLife Stadium Solar Ring lighted with a programmable, customizable multi-color LED array".
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: MetLife Stadium
evidence: The Solar Ring consists of 1,350 building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solar panels assembled into 47 individual frames.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Florida
evidence: The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $345 billion as of 2017[update].
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Florida
evidence: "Top 50 Water Ports by Tonnage—Bureau of Transportation Statistics".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Florida
evidence: As of 2013[update], Port Tampa Bay ranks 16th in the United States by tonnage in domestic trade, 32nd in foreign trade, and 22nd in total trade.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Florida
evidence: If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018[update].
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Georgia (U.S. state)
evidence: For the five years through November 2017, Georgia has been ranked the top state (number 1) in the nation to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for business and labor climate in the nation, number 1 in business climate in the nation, number 1 in the nation in workforce training and as having a "Best in Class" state economic development agency.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: Germany managed to increase its use of renewables and its output of carbon dioxide at the same time -- because it resorted to cheap coal to keep the lights on at a price its people could afford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Carbon dioxide
evidence: In particular, the use of renewable energy for production of fuels from CO 2 (such as methanol) is attractive as this could result in fuels that could be easily transported and used within conventional combustion technologies but have no net CO 2 emissions.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Electricity generation
evidence: Many governments around the world provide subsidies to offset the higher cost of any new power production, and to make the installation of renewable energy systems economically feasible.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Germany
evidence: It also enforces energy conservation, green technologies, emission reduction activities, and aims to meet the country's electricity demands using 40% renewable sources by 2020.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Solar power
evidence: Both solar power and wind power are variable renewable energy, meaning that all available output must be taken whenever it is available by moving through transmission lines to where it can be used now.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sustainable energy
evidence: As a result, despite energy efficiency gains, total energy use and related carbon emissions have continued to increase.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . .
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
article: Effects of global warming on human health
evidence: Flooding creates more standing water for mosquitoes to breed; as well, shown that these vectors are able to feed more and grow faster in warmer climates.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Effects of global warming on human health
evidence: When temperature rises, the larvae take a shorter time to mature and, consequently, there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Effects of global warming on human health
evidence: The hotter and wetter a climate is, the faster the mosquitoes can mature and the faster the disease can develop.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Zika fever
evidence: Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Zika virus
evidence: However, rising global temperatures would allow for the disease vector to expand their range further north, allowing Zika to follow.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gov. Palin ... is somebody who actually doesn't believe that climate change is man-made.
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
article: Climate change (general concept)
evidence: Climate change means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
evidence: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sarah Palin
evidence: A changing environment will affect Alaska more than any other state...I'm not one though who would attribute it to being man-made Goldman, Russell (September 11, 2008).
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sarah Palin
evidence: Palin considers herself a conservationist and during the 2008 campaign demonstrated her skepticism about global warming politics, saying "of global warming, climate change, whether it's entirely, wholly caused by man's activities or is part of the cyclical nature of our planet...John McCain and I agree that we have to make sure that we're doing all we can to cut down on pollution."
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Sarah Palin
evidence: After the election and the Climategate scandal, Palin spoke at a 2010 California logging conference calling studies supporting global climate change as "snake oil science".
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
Claim: Greg Hunt CSIRO research shows carbon emissions can be reduced by 20 per cent over 40 years using nature, soils and trees.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Carbon sink
evidence: To further reduce U.S. carbon dioxide emissions by 7%, as stipulated by the Kyoto Protocol, would require the planting of "an area the size of Texas [8% of the area of Brazil] every 30 years".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change mitigation
evidence: Almost 20 percent (8 GtCO2/year) of total greenhouse-gas emissions were from deforestation in 2007.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Climate change mitigation
evidence: It is estimated that increasing the carbon content of the soils in the world's 3.5 billion hectares of agricultural grassland by 1% would offset nearly 12 years of CO2 emissions.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Global warming
evidence: There is a large potential for future reductions in emissions by a combination of activities, including energy conservation and increased energy efficiency; the use of low-carbon energy technologies, such as renewable energy, nuclear energy, and carbon capture and storage; decarbonizing buildings and transport; and enhancing carbon sinks through, for example, reforestation and preventing deforestation.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Reforestation
evidence: "Ireland to Plant 440 Million Trees in 20 Years to Fight Climate Change".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Solar power
evidence: A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 400 litres (105 US gal) of water consumption monthly.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar power
evidence: A hybrid wet/dry cooling system could reduce water consumption by 32 to 58 percent.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar water heating
evidence: In the temperate scenario this is sufficient to heat 200 litres of water by some 17 °C.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar water heating
evidence: When combined with storage, large scale solar heating can provide 50-97% of annual heat consumption for district heating.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Water heating
evidence: These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
article: Climate change adaptation
evidence: Potential effects include sea level rise of 110 to 770 mm (0.36 to 2.5 feet) between 1990 and 2100, repercussions to agriculture, possible slowing of the thermohaline circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, and the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
evidence: Among other findings, the report concluded that sea level rises could be up to two feet higher by the year 2100, even if efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to limit global warming are successful; coastal cities across the world could see so-called "storm[s] of the century" at least once a year.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Physical impacts of climate change
evidence: Instead of a global 5-meter sea level rise, western Antarctica would experience approximately 25 centimeters of sea level fall, while the United States, parts of Canada, and the Indian Ocean, would experience up to 6.5 meters of sea level rise.
evidence_label: SUPPORTS
article: Providence, Rhode Island
evidence: Providence is home to a 1,200-acre (4.9 km2) park system, notably Waterplace Park and Riverwalk, Roger Williams Park, Roger Williams National Memorial, and Prospect Terrace Park.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Waterplace Park
evidence: Waterplace Park is an urban park situated along the Woonasquatucket River in downtown Providence, Rhode Island.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: If we got solar energy from "an area of the Southwestern desert 100 miles on a side, that would be enough, in and of itself, to provide 100 percent of all the electricity needs for the United States of America in a full year."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
article: Solar energy
evidence: The 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar energy
evidence: In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Solar energy
evidence: His plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: United States
evidence: The United States energy market is about 29,000 terawatt hours per year.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: United States
evidence: The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
article: Coal
evidence: The largest and most long term effect of coal use is the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes climate change and global warming.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Greenhouse gas
evidence: Although much less polluting than coal plants, natural gas-fired power plants are also major emitters.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Natural gas
evidence: Because burning natural gas produces both water and carbon dioxide, it produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy released than coal, which produces mostly carbon dioxide.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Shale gas
evidence: In this new report, the EPA concluded that shale gas emits larger amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, than does conventional gas, but still far less than coal.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Shale gas
evidence: Shale gas worse than coal for three impacts and better than renewables for four.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Claim: In South Florida, "we've had nine inches of sea-level rise since the 1920s."
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
article: Miami
evidence: The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4,000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Sea level rise
evidence: Between 1900 and 2016, the sea level rose by 16–21 cm (6.3–8.3 in).
evidence_label: REFUTES
article: Sea level rise
evidence: "Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century".
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sea level rise
evidence: 27 November 2017.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
article: Sea level rise
evidence: 18 January 2019.
evidence_label: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO