--- language: - en license: cc-by-4.0 size_categories: - 100Mtext`, we would find `[image_1, None, image_2]` in `images` and `[None, text, None]` in `texts`. The images are replaced by their URLs, and the users need to download the images, for instance, with the library [img2dataset](https://github.com/rom1504/img2dataset). `metadata` is the string representation of a list containing information about each of the images. It has the same length as `texts` and `images` and logs for each image relevant information such as original source document, unformatted source, alternative text if present, etc. `general_metadata` is the string representation of a dictionary containing the URL of the document, and information regarding the extraction from Common Crawl snapshots. ## Size and Data Splits There is only one split, `train`, that contains 141,047,697 documents. `OBELICS` with images replaced by their URLs weighs 666.6 GB (😈) in arrow format and 377 GB in the uploaded `parquet` format. ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Discussion of Biases A subset of this dataset `train`, of ~50k was evaluated using the Data Measurements Tool, with a particular focus on the nPMI metric > nPMI scores for a word help to identify potentially problematic associations, ranked by how close the association is. > nPMI bias scores for paired words help to identify how word associations are skewed between the selected selected words (Aka et al., 2021). > You can select from gender and sexual orientation identity terms that appear in the dataset at least 10 times. > The resulting ranked words are those that co-occur with both identity terms. > The more positive the score, the more associated the word is with the first identity term. The more negative the score, the more associated the word is with the second identity term. While there was a positive skew of words relating occupations e.g _`government`_, _`jobs`_ towards she, her, and similar attributions of the masculine and feminine words to they and them, more harmful words attributions such as _`escort`_ and even _`colour`_ presented with greater attributions to she, her and him, his, respectively. ![Data Measurement Tool Associations Eval](assets/DMT_eval.png) We welcome users to explore the [Data Measurements nPMI Visualitons for OBELICS](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceM4/IDEFICS_Data_Measurement_Tool) further and to see the [idefics-9b model card](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceM4/idefics-9b) for further Bias considerations. ## Opted-out content To respect the preferences of content creators, we removed from OBELICS all images for which creators explicitly opted out of AI model training. We used the [Spawning API](https://api.spawning.ai/spawning-api) to verify that the images in the dataset respect the original copyright owners’ choices. However, due to an error on our side, we did not remove entire documents (i.e., URLs) that opted out of AI model training. As of July 12, 2023, it represents 4.25% of the totality of OBELICS. The config `opt_out_docs_removed_2023_07_12` applies the correct filtering at the web document level as of July 2023: `ds = load_dataset("HuggingFaceM4/OBELICS", "opt_out_docs_removed_2023_07_12")`. We recommend users of OBELICS to regularly check every document against the API. ## Content warnings Despite our efforts in filtering, OBELICS contains a small proportion of documents that are not suitable for all audiences. For instance, while navigating the interactive map, you might find the cluster named "Sex" which predominantly contains descriptions of pornographic movies along with pornographic images. Other clusters would contain advertising for sex workers or reports of violent shootings. In our experience, these documents represent a small proportion of all the documents. ## Terms of Use By using the dataset, you agree to comply with the original licenses of the source content as well as the dataset license (CC-BY-4.0). Additionally, if you use this dataset to train a Machine Learning model, you agree to disclose your use of the dataset when releasing the model or an ML application using the model. ### Licensing Information License CC-BY-4.0. ### Citation Information If you are using this dataset, please cite ``` @misc{laurencon2023obelics, title={OBELICS: An Open Web-Scale Filtered Dataset of Interleaved Image-Text Documents}, author={Hugo Laurençon and Lucile Saulnier and Léo Tronchon and Stas Bekman and Amanpreet Singh and Anton Lozhkov and Thomas Wang and Siddharth Karamcheti and Alexander M. Rush and Douwe Kiela and Matthieu Cord and Victor Sanh}, year={2023}, eprint={2306.16527}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.IR} } ```