HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: How many people are needed to perform the Turing test?

Context: The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950,[2] is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Turing proposed that a human evaluator would judge natural language conversations between a human and a machine designed to generate human-like responses. The evaluator would be aware that one of the two partners in conversation was a machine, and all participants would be separated from one another. The conversation would be limited to a text-only channel, such as a computer keyboard and screen, so the result would not depend on the machine's ability to render words as speech.[3] If the evaluator could not reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine would be said to have passed the test. The test results would not depend on the machine's ability to give correct answers to questions, only on how closely its answers resembled those a human would give.

Response: You need two people: one person is the conversation partner to the machine. And another, the evaluator which observes the conversation from distance unaware which side is the machine and which side is human.
Instruction: I am a reader in the US and would like to get started in collecting special edition books. Where should I start?


Response: Special edition books are printed in limited qualities, sometimes signed by the author, numbered, have unique cover designs compared to the trade editions, and some have sprayed or stenciled edges. In the US, a popular publisher is Subterranean Press that offers many titles typically of the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres. The UK has several options such as Illumicrate and Fairy Loot. These companies usually offer signed special editions with author signatures, unique covers, and decorative edges. Genres primarily offered include young adult fantasy. For the company with the widest selection, Goldsboro Books is the best option. The special editions are hand signed, numbered, and have sprayed or stencil edges. While Goldsboro Books offers many science fiction and fantasy options, they also offer many other genres including literary fiction, historical fiction, mysteries, and thrillers. Please keep in mind that readers it will cost US readers more when ordering from UK companies due to the pound-dollar conversion and costlier international shipping fees.
Instruction: What is ClassRanked?


Response: ClassRanked is an American educational technology company based in Salt Lake City, UT that offers higher education enterprise software (SaaS) solutions for course evaluation, reporting, and survey management.

The company was founded at Duke University as a data-centric platform aiding students with course registration and subsequently shifted focus to building software for colleges and universities in 2022.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about cat's senses, what light level can domestic house cats see at in comparison to human sight?

Context: Cats have excellent night vision and can see at only one-sixth the light level required for human vision.[64]: 43  This is partly the result of cat eyes having a tapetum lucidum, which reflects any light that passes through the retina back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light.[80] Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic cat has slit pupils, which allow it to focus bright light without chromatic aberration.[81] At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes.[82] The domestic cat has rather poor color vision and only two types of cone cells, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited.[83] A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the rod cells might be due to a third type of cone. This appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true trichromatic vision.[84] Cats also have a nictitating membrane, allowing them to blink without hindering their vision.

Response: Domestic cats are able to see at one-sixth the light level required for human vision.
Instruction: What is an expert system, and when did they first emerge?

Context: Boom 1980–1987
In the 1980s a form of AI program called "expert systems" was adopted by corporations around the world and knowledge became the focus of mainstream AI research. In those same years, the Japanese government aggressively funded AI with its fifth generation computer project. Another encouraging event in the early 1980s was the revival of connectionism in the work of John Hopfield and David Rumelhart. Once again, AI had achieved success.[138]

The rise of expert systems
An expert system is a program that answers questions or solves problems about a specific domain of knowledge, using logical rules that are derived from the knowledge of experts. The earliest examples were developed by Edward Feigenbaum and his students. Dendral, begun in 1965, identified compounds from spectrometer readings. MYCIN, developed in 1972, diagnosed infectious blood diseases. They demonstrated the feasibility of the approach.[139]

Expert systems restricted themselves to a small domain of specific knowledge (thus avoiding the commonsense knowledge problem) and their simple design made it relatively easy for programs to be built and then modified once they were in place. All in all, the programs proved to be useful: something that AI had not been able to achieve up to this point.[140]

In 1980, an expert system called XCON was completed at CMU for the Digital Equipment Corporation. It was an enormous success: it was saving the company 40 million dollars annually by 1986.[141] Corporations around the world began to develop and deploy expert systems and by 1985 they were spending over a billion dollars on AI, most of it to in-house AI departments.[142] An industry grew up to support them, including hardware companies like Symbolics and Lisp Machines and software companies such as IntelliCorp and Aion.[143]

Response: An expert system is a program that uses logical rules derived from expert knowledge to answer questions or solve problems in a specific domain of knowledge. The first expert system, called Dendral, was developed in 1965 by Edward Feigenbaum and his students and identified compounds from spectrometer readings.
Instruction: List Toddler favorite TV shows in 2023


Response: 1. Doc McStuffins
2. PJ Masks
3. Blippi
4. Cocomelon 
5. Spidey and his amazing friends
6. Bluey
7. Baby Shark
Instruction: What is the best surface to run on?


Response: Running is a great exercise, but not all running surfaces are created equal. Traditionally, those who run "runners" will run 5-7 days a week. Runners will average between 3 miles per run up to 20 miles per run. While running is great exercise and very efficient at burning calories, it can be hard on the body. Specifically the leg joints. The average runner will strike the surface they are running on 1,480 times per mile. So if you are running 10 miles, thats just under 15,000 foot strikes. This repetitive striking can deteriorate the body joints over time. Therefore, the type of surface a runner runs on, can have a huge impact on the body. Some surfaces are harder than others, the harder the surface, the harder on the body, legs and joints. Concrete is harder than asphalt, asphalt is harder than a dirt trail and a dirt trail is harder than a high school track surface. Example, concrete can be 30% harder surface than asphalt. Running is a great exercise and millions of people enjoy running. But if you want to run long, as in for a long time, choose your running surface for the long run. Because the surface you choose to run on, can have a direct correlation to how long your body and leg joints will last.
Instruction: List five titles by Veronica Roth.


Response: Divergent, Allegiant, Insurgent, Carve the Mark, Chosen Ones
Instruction: What is a classified board of directors, and why would a company want to implement this type of corporate structure?


Response: For companies that are incorporated in Delaware, the Delaware General Corporation Law permits corporations to divide their boards of directors into up to 3 classes.  Other states in the United States have similar provisions regarding classified boards.

For boards that have only 1 class, each director serves a fixed term (generally 1 year), and each director is subject to re-election each year.  

Classified boards (also known as staggered boards) are divided into three separate classes (in equal proportion, to the extent possible), with members of each class serving three-year terms and only one class of directors up for election in any year.  

A classified board is one type of protection that companies consider as part of a wider range review of corporate defensive measures.  Generally, corporate defensive measures relate to measures for a company to consider to protect against (1) hostile takeovers that the board believes do not reflect the value of the company and (2) short-termism, where there is pressure from public investors – particularly activist investors – to take board actions (or face the risk of being voted off the board) that the board believes are not in the best interest of the company and its stockholders and maximizing value over the long term.  Corporate defensive measures generally aren’t relevant when a company is private given the corporate structure with significant long-term investor representation on the board and various agreements in place with stockholders.  However, these measures become relevant once a company has public stockholders, so many companies who are considering an initial public offering will assess what types of defensive measures would be appropriate for them.

A classified board is viewed as corporate defensive measure (i.e., it’s an anti-takeover and activist defense) as the entire board can’t be replaced in a single election cycle (with 3 classes, it would take up to the 3rd election cycle for the full board to be replaced, and generally 2 years to capture a majority).
Instruction: Name someone who helped to stash national treasures during a war, so irreplaceable items would not fall into the hands of the enemy or become lost

Context: Evdokia Reshetnik was a Ukrainian zoologist and ecologist. She was a specialist in the mole-rats and ground squirrels of Ukraine, and was the first scientist to describe the sandy blind mole-rat of southern Ukraine in 1939. She played a key role in keeping the National Museum of Natural History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine operable in the inter-war and immediate post-war periods, in spite of arrests by both the Gestapo and Soviet authorities. She was one of the people involved in hiding specimens of the museum to prevent them being taken by the Germans. She is known for arguing that ecology, species distribution, populations, utility, and variability, should be weighed before making determinations that labeled certain animals as pests and harmful to the environment. Though she was responsible for maintaining the historiography of scientific development in Ukraine, her own legacy was lost until the twenty-first century.

Response: Evdokia Reshetnik, a Ukranian zoologist and ecologist, helped squirrel away natural history artifacts from a Ukranian museum of Natural History, keeping them from falling into the hands of the Germans. Ironically, the story of her courage was nearly lost, only resurfacing in the twenty-first century.
Instruction: When did money originate?


Response: 1200 B.C.
Instruction: Provide a dot point list of six different games I can play with a pack of cards.


Response: Here are six games that you could play with a standard deck of playing cards:
- Poker
- Bridge
- Snap
- Blackjack
- Hearts
- Canasta
Instruction: What is the difference between Angular and AngularJS?


Response: One vital distinction between Angular vs AngularJS is AngularJS is JavaScript-based while Angular is TypeScript based.  That means you need to use Typescript in Angular to create applications.
Instruction: What is a small-world network?

Context: A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. Due to this, most neighboring nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps.[1] Specifically, a small-world network is defined to be a network where the typical distance L between two randomly chosen nodes (the number of steps required) grows proportionally to the logarithm of the number of nodes N in the network.

Response: A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other.
Instruction: What is a time signature in music?


Response: The time signature in music represents the number of notes in each bar. The time signature is noted at the start of a composition as is represented as two stacked numbers. For example the common time signature 4/4 indicates each bar will contain four quarter note beats.
Instruction: Should I use a dynamic microphone or a condenser microphone for recording a podcast? What about streaming on twitch or making youtube videos? Should I ever use a ribbon microphone?


Response: The most important factor when deciding on a microphone is the environment where you will be recording. Each microphone technology was developed for a certain kind of environment.

Condenser microphones like the Blue Yeti are designed to record their entire environment with the utmost clarity. If your environment is noisy then the microphone audio will be noisy. But if the environment has been acoustically treated then the recording will sound detailed and clear. 

Dynamic microphones like the Shure SM7B are designed to record sounds spoken within a 18 inches of the front of the microphone. All other sounds will be quieter and less detailed. If the environment is noisy then the microphone audio will tend to mute out sound that comes from off-axis. If the environment is quiet then the audio will sound good, but only if the person or instrument being recorded is within 18 inches of the microphone.

A ribbon microphone is designed to capture extremely loud percussion sounds, usually from drums or brass instruments. They are not suitable for recording human voices as they tend to emphasize frequencies not usually associated with the human voice.
Instruction: I am looking at items on my desk right now, tell me which ones are actually considered office accessories.


Response: Trident mint, Macbook Pro, Pixel 3, Apple Airpod, Tumi backpack, Logitech Mouse, Microsoft Surface Wireless Keyboard, Samsung 22 inch flat monitor
Instruction: How many years were Ian Kemps masterly culmination of his career at Manchester?

Context: Ian Manson Kemp (26 June 1931 – 16 September 2011) was a musicologist and academic.

Biography
Born in Edinburgh on 26 June 1931,[1] Kemp was the son of Roland Kemp, a radio engineer.[2] He attended King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford and Felsted School, before completed National Service in Germany. In 1951, he began undergraduate studies at St John's College, Cambridge under Patrick Hadley and Robin Orr.[2] On graduating in 1954,[3] he began working for Schott & Co., the music publisher.[4] In 1959, he was appointed an assistant lecturer at the University of Aberdeen; he briefly returned to Schott's (1962–64) as head of promotion, but then went back to Aberdeen, this time to take up a senior lectureship. He was elected a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, in 1971, remaining there until his appointment to the West Riding Chair of Music at the University of Leeds in 1977.[2][5] He moved to the University of Manchester in 1981 to be Professor of Music, and remained there until retirement in 1991.[1]

Kemp's time at Schott's brought him into contact with distinguished composers, including Michael Tippett, Alexander Goehr, Peter Maxwell Davies and Harrison Birtwistle. He became an expert on Tippett's music, and at Aberdeen he edited Michael Tippett: A Symposium on his 60th Birthday in 1965.[1] His time at Manchester, which The Guardian considers the "culmination" of his career,[1] saw him write a biography of Tippett in 1984, which The Times considered "masterly".[2] He was also a specialist in Paul Hindemith, surveying his work in 1970, and Hector Berlioz, editing the Cambridge Opera Handbook on Berlioz's Les Troyens in 1989.[1]

In his retirement, he lived in North London and then Sussex, but health problems slowed down his scholarly output. He died on 16 September 2011, leaving a widow, the conductor Sian Edwards, and their son, and five children from his first marriage to Gill Turner.[2][1]

Response: For 10 years, between 1981 and his retirement in 1991
Instruction: When was Suntory established?

Context: Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin

Response: Suntory was established in 1899
Instruction: What were the horcruxes in the Harry Potter book series?


Response: In the Harry Potter book series, a horcrux is defined as an object that contains a shard of someones soul. The main villain of the story, Voldemort, performed a violent ceremony to split his soul a total of seven times (although one was accidental). The horcruxes he made were Tom Riddle's diary, Marvolo Gaunt's ring, Slytherin's locket, Hufflepuff's cup, Ravenclaw's diadem, Nagini (the snake), and Harry Potter.
Instruction: What are four movies with Sandra Bullock.


Response: Four movies with Sandra Bullock are The Blind Side, Bird Box, Gravity, and Miss Congeniality.
Instruction: What is the keto diet?   Is it a good way to lose weight?


Response: The keto diet's central idea is to shift the body's energy source from carbohydrates to fat. 
 It centers around the restriction of carbohydrate intake between 30-50 grams per day.  The body's first choice is to burn carbohydrates for energy, but when carbohydrates are not present, it will revert to using fat as the energy source.  Fat from recent food intake, as well as from fat stores, is therefore used as the primary energy source.  This is a great way to lose excess stored fat.  But, you'll also need to have calorie deficit.
Instruction: Given a reference text about the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), what research does the society support?

Context: The American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), established in 1908, is one of the oldest and most respected medical honor societies in the United States.

Organization and purpose
The ASCI is an honorary society to which more than 2,800 physician-scientists from all medical specialties belong. Prospective members are proposed by standing members of the society and elected to ASCI on the basis of an outstanding record of scholarly achievement in biomedical research. The ASCI includes physician-scientists who are active clinically, in basic research, or in teaching. Many of its senior members are widely recognized leaders in academic medicine. As of 2015 the membership of ASCI has included 417 members of the National Academy of Medicine, 191 members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 40 Lasker Award winners, and 19 Nobel laureates.

The ASCI supports the research into basic mechanisms and/or treatment of human diseases, and to the education of future generations of physician-scientists. The ASCI considers the nominations of several hundred physician-scientists from the United States and abroad each year and elects up to 80 new members each year for their significant research accomplishments relatively early in their careers.

The ASCI is a member of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), which includes numerous biomedical research societies. The ASCI publishes the peer-reviewed biomedical research journals Journal of Clinical Investigation and JCI Insight.

A collection of the society's papers is held at the National Library of Medicine.[1]

Response: The ASCI supports research into basic mechanisms and treatment of human diseases and to the education of the future generations of physician-scientists.
Instruction: If you are going to the beach for the day with your family of five, which includes young children, determine whether the following items are either 'helpful', 'not helpful', or ' impractical'. The items are: sunscreen, bottles of water, 20 shovels, boots, snacks, towels, sand toys, 20 shovels, a parachute, and a grand piano.


Response: A day at the beach is a great way to spend time with family! Since you'll be away from the comforts of home, bringing the right items is essential to fully enjoying the day. With young children, it's important to bring water and food to keep them happy throughout the day, also having a few toys is not a bad idea. In that case, having water bottles, snacks, and sand toys would all be useful. If you're at the beach all day, it's also likely you'll swim in ocean or lay in the sand, so having towels and sunscreen at the ready is incredibly useful. 

On the other hand, there are a few items that seem unnecessary, or just not helpful for a day at the beach. Why would anyone ever require 20 shovels? A shovel by itself might be helpful, but 20 is way too many, and certainly not useful. Also, if one is at the beach, then boots are likely overkill and not useful, since most beach-goers tend to be barefoot or wear sandals. Lastly, the list contains two items which are impractical for any beach trip: a parachute and a grand piano. In my entire life, I've never seen a grand piano at the beach. They're beautiful instruments, but very heavy and would take a ton of effort to get on the beach, not to mention the possible damage to the piano. A parachute is also similarly impractical. The family trip is exclusively on the ground, so bringing an item that helps people jump from planes seems entirely impractical.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the total customers using the format: {x} number of customers

Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth
Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth
7,828 total customers
Net revenue retention rate of 158%
330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million
Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program


Response: 7,828 customers
Instruction: Based on this paragraph about religions of the world, what are the "big five" religions?

Context: World religions is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the five—and in some cases more—largest and most internationally widespread religious movements. Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are always included in the list, being known as the "Big Five". Some scholars also include other world religions, such as Taoism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and the Baháʼí Faith, in the category. These are often juxtaposed against other categories, such as indigenous religions and new religious movements, which are also used by scholars in this field of research.

Response: The "Big Five" refers to the five most prominent religious movements globally: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.