HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Extract the two properties that are sufficient to show that a subset of Euclidean space is compact. Present these properties in a bullet list.

Context: Various definitions of compactness may apply, depending on the level of generality. A subset of Euclidean space in particular is called compact if it is closed and bounded. This implies, by the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem, that any infinite sequence from the set has a subsequence that converges to a point in the set. Various equivalent notions of compactness, such as sequential compactness and limit point compactness, can be developed in general metric spaces.

In contrast, the different notions of compactness are not equivalent in general topological spaces, and the most useful notion of compactness — originally called bicompactness — is defined using covers consisting of open sets (see Open cover definition below). That this form of compactness holds for closed and bounded subsets of Euclidean space is known as the Heine–Borel theorem. Compactness, when defined in this manner, often allows one to take information that is known locally — in a neighbourhood of each point of the space — and to extend it to information that holds globally throughout the space. An example of this phenomenon is Dirichlet's theorem, to which it was originally applied by Heine, that a continuous function on a compact interval is uniformly continuous; here, continuity is a local property of the function, and uniform continuity the corresponding global property.

Response: According to the Heine-Borel theorem the following properties are sufficient to show that a subset of Euclidean space is compact:
- The set is closed
- The set is bounded
Instruction: What are some basic spirits you should have at your bar


Response: Often times socializing with friends and neighbors includes spirits or alcohol.   Some of the important spirts to have at your house to capture the wide variety of taste include
Beer
Red Wine
White Wine
Bourbon (preferably Basil Hayden)
Whiskey
Vodka
Rum
Tequila
Triple Sec
Mixers such as Cola, club soda, tonic water, juices, and ice
Instruction: What is the movie A Silence Voice about?

Context: The film covers elements of coming of age and psychological drama, dealing with themes of bullying, disability, forgiveness, mental health, suicide, and friendship of opposite sexes. It follows the story of a former bully turned social outcast, who decides to reconnect and befriend the deaf girl he had bullied years prior.[6]

Response: A Silent Voice is a Japanese animated film about a boy who used to bully a deaf girl, but was then shunned himself for bullying her. Years later, they reconnect and he tries to atone for his past. The film touches upon many charged topics especially prevalent in Japanese high schools from bullying to disability to suicide and mental health.
Instruction: Which female Canadian director has directed episodes of Better Call Saul, The X-Files, and Game of Thrones?


Response: Michelle MacLaren
Instruction: Is Star Wars Science Fiction or Fantasy?


Response: While Star Wars is considered science fiction by the general public, most sci-fi and fantasy fans would classify Star Wars in the fantasy genre. The themes of the story rely on mythology and the hero's journey as opposed to exploration of scientific and philosophical concepts.
Instruction: What is an archipelago

Context: An archipelago (/ˌɑːrkəˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/ (listen) AR-kə-PEL-ə-goh),[1] sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Archipelago, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep Islands, the Galápagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Philippine Archipelago, the Maldives, the Balearic Islands, The Bahamas, the Aegean Islands, the Hawaiian Islands, the Canary Islands, Malta, the Azores, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the British Isles, the islands of the Archipelago Sea, and Shetland. They are sometimes defined by political boundaries. For example, the Gulf archipelago off the northeastern Pacific coast forms part of a larger archipelago that geographically includes Washington state's San Juan Islands; while the Gulf archipelago and San Juan Islands are geographically related, they are not technically included in the same archipelago due to manmade geopolitical borders.[2]

Response: An archipelago is a grouping, or clustering, of islands.
Instruction: What is goal line technology in a soccer game?


Response: The goal line technology is the use of electronic aid to determine if a goal has been scored or not. In detail, it is a method used to determine when the ball has completely crossed the goal line in between the goal-posts and underneath the crossbar with the assistance of electronic devices and at the same time assisting the referee in awarding a goal or not.
Instruction: in which country could you spend a Kwanza


Response: Angola
Instruction: What are the best vegetable crops to plant in Washington state for home gardeners?


Response: onions, squash, cucumbers, tomatoes, snap peas, green beans, corn, pumpkins
Instruction: is security a great career


Response: yes
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tasmanian Tiger, Macaw


Response: Macaw is alive, Tasmanian Tiger is extinct.
Instruction: What is the distance from the Earth to its moon?


Response: The average distance to the moon is 382,500 kilometers.  The distance varies because the moon travels around Earth in a elliptical orbit.  At perigee, the point at which the moon is closest to Earth, the distance is approximately 360,000 kilometers.
Instruction: What are the principles of Judo's philosophy called and what do they imply?

Context: Judo (Japanese: 柔道, Hepburn: Jūdō, lit. 'gentle way') is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.[3][4][5] Judo was created in 1882 by Kanō Jigorō (嘉納 治五郎) as an eclectic martial art, distinguishing itself from its predecessors (primarily Tenjin Shinyo-ryu jujutsu and Kitō-ryū jujutsu) due to an emphasis on "randori" (乱取り, lit. 'free sparring') instead of "kata" (pre-arranged forms) alongside its removal of striking and weapon training elements.[3][4][6] Judo rose to prominence for its dominance over established jujutsu schools in tournaments hosted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (警視庁武術大会, Keishicho Bujutsu Taikai), resulting in its adoption as the department's primary martial art.[4][3] A judo practitioner is called a "judoka" (柔道家, jūdōka, lit. 'judo performer'), and the judo uniform is called "judogi" (柔道着, jūdōgi, lit. 'judo attire').

The objective of competitive judo is to throw an opponent, immobilize them with a pin, or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke. While strikes and use of weapons are included in some pre-arranged forms (kata), they are not frequently trained and are illegal in judo competition or free practice.[4] Judo's international governing body is the International Judo Federation, and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit.

Judo's philosophy revolves around two primary principles: "Seiryoku-Zenyo" (精力善用, lit. 'good use of energy') and "Jita-Kyoei" (自他共栄, lit. 'mutual welfare and benefit').[4][7][8][9][10] The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from koryū (古流, traditional schools). Judo also spawned a number of derivative martial arts around the world, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Krav Maga, sambo, and ARB. Judo also influenced other combat styles such as close-quarters combat (CQC), mixed martial arts (MMA), shoot wrestling and submission wrestling.

Response: There are two main principles. One is called "Seiryoku-Zenyo" which means good use of energy. The other one is called "Jita-Kyoei" and means mutual welfare and benefit.
Instruction: Should I take extra fuel when traveling to Alaska?


Response: There are limited roads in Alaska, as well as northern Canada. While there are some gas stops along the way, options are limited and you might run out of gas in the wilderness. As Alaska is an extremely large state, being stranded in the middle of nowhere is potentially very harmful. It’s a very good idea to take extra fuel when taking a road trip to or through Alaska. Make sure you buy a proper gas can that will not dissolve when in contact with gasoline or diesel.
Instruction: Provide an example of using modern materials science to study archaeological artifacts

Context: Ursula Martius Franklin was a German-Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author, and educator who taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years. Franklin was a pioneer in the field of archaeometry, which applies modern materials analysis to archaeology. She worked for example, on the dating of prehistoric bronze, copper and ceramic artifacts. One small example of her work in this field regards what was a standing question on the nature of shiny black Chinese mirrors found in high quantities in ancient tombs. Franklin's use of microscopic etching, electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence analyses produced evidence that what was thought by some to be a corrosive effect was in fact present in these ancient mirrors (and weapons) at their inception, in dark iron oxides intentionally added near the objects' surfaces. Franklin additionally pulled from historic and literary accounts of black mirrors in Chinese literature to support these findings. Franklin's expertise was also instrumental to dating glass; she guided a study on the remains of blue glass beads in North America remaining from early trade relationships between American Indian tribes and Europe

Response: Archaeometry employs modern technology (such as x-ray fluorescence) to study the origins and environments of historical artifacts. Ursula Franklin was well known in this field; she found evidence of global trade in the remains of glass beads and proved that black mirrors present in large quantities in ancient Chinese tombs were purposely crafted, and not the result of corrosion.
Instruction: Why do we need robots?


Response: Robots can be programmed to do complex work that are hard for humans to tackle or work in high risk or extreme conditions such as the rovers on Mars. Since robots are driven by electrical and mechanical energy, they are just like machines that accomplish complex tasks efficiently.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carillon, Rebab


Response: Rebab is string, Carillon is percussion.
Instruction: At what temperature does water boil?


Response: While some say a "watched pot never boils," water reaches its boiling point at 100 degrees celsius or 212 degrees fahrenheit.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Valery Moiseevich Leibin, tell me where he is a member of an editorial board and when he died.

Context: Valery Moiseevich Leibin (born 8 March 1942 in the village of Khmelyovka in Zuevskiy district of Kirov region in Russia) is a Russian psychoanalyst, Ph.D., head of the department of history and theory of psychoanalysis in Institute of Psychoanalysis, Professor of Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, an honorary Doctor of East European Institute of Psychoanalysis, an honorary member of the interregional public organization Russian Psychoanalytical Society, a member of the Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences, a chief scientist of Institute for Systems Analysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the editorial boards of the "Russian Psychoanalytic Bulletin" (since 1991), the philosophic psychoanalytic journal "Archetype" (since 1996), "Psychoanalytic Review" (since 1997) and "Review of Psychoanalysis" (since 2005). According to the rating given by "Psychological newspaper" Valery Leibin is in the top ten most prominent psychoanalysts in Russia.[1]

Response: Valery Moiseevich Leibin is still alive. He is a member of the following editorial boards:
- "Russian Psychoanalytic Bulletin"
- "Archetype"
- "Psychoanalytic Review"
- "Review of Psychoanalysis"
Instruction: which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a pound of feathers?


Response: Both things weigh the same amount, one pound.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Klong khaek, Sanshin


Response: Sanshin is string, Klong khaek is percussion.
Instruction: Name three landlocked countries in Africa


Response: Three landlocked countries in Africa are Chad, Zambia, and Botswana.
Instruction: Who has been named as  Kid of the year by Time Magazine?


Response: Gitanjali Rao(Indian American)
Instruction: Why do people move/sway during music?


Response: Scientists believe we are born with a sense of rhythm and our bodies naturally react and behave to the sound of music in different ways.
Instruction: Tell me which one of the following sports are Olympic sports: karate, snooker, wrestling, tai boxing, football, basketball.


Response: Karate, freestyle and greco roman wrestling, boxing, football and basketball are Olympic sports.
Instruction: Is Dijkstras algorithm a greedy algorithm or dynamic programming algorithm


Response: A greedy algorithm.
Instruction: Please give me an example of this phenomenon that I can understand as a layman.

Context: In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.

Response: An example of aliasing that easy to understand as a layman is the 'wagon wheel effect'. You've probably seen the wagon wheel effect when watching a movie or tv show and the wheels of a car appear to be spinning backwards even as the car moves forwards. This is an effect of aliasing. This occurs because the sampling rate of the film is not adequate to capture the frequency of the signal (the frequency that the tires are spinning forwards) and the signal becomes indistinguishable from another signal (a frequency of the tires spinning backwards). As an example of how this happens imagine that the camera's sampling rate allows it to record an image frame at about 90% of the frequency that the tires are spinning. That is, the tire is spinning fast enough that it rotates 90% around in between each picture the camera can take. In this case, the wheel will look like its rotated backwards by 10% of a rotation on each image. When you put these images together in a film, the tires will appear to be rotating backwards.
Instruction: Which are the main reasons for doing a PhD?


Response: After completing the Master's degree, some students are really interested in contributing to specific field of Science. Curiosity, challenges, and the feeling that they are able to contribute their ideas and knowledge to a much broader ecosystem, are the main reasons that motivate students towards the PhD journey.
Instruction: Extract the dates from the following.

Context: YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.

Response: February 16, 2023
Instruction: Give me a list of funny American sitcoms that had their first season in the 2000s


Response: Some funny American sitcoms from the 2000s are The Office, Parks and Rec, Community and Arrested Development
Instruction: Why is cricket the most viewed sport in India?


Response: The history of cricket spans many years. Despite the fact that it is not a local sport, it was somehow passed down by British colonialists who conquered India. 
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari, it is a sport that all Indians are passionate about and it will be hard to spot someone who never played the game here. In the world cup finals, Mahendra Singh Dhoni hit a six off the very last ball, which cricket fans will never forget. India currently has won two World Cups and has previously qualified for many pre-final entries. It's also important to note that women's cricket is becoming more and more popular.
Instruction: Given the reference text about the American Rescue Plan Act, tell me how much money was authorized to be spent.

Context: The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, also called the COVID-19 Stimulus Package or American Rescue Plan, is a US$1.9 trillion economic stimulus bill passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden on March 11, 2021, to speed up the country's recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession.[1] First proposed on January 14, 2021, the package builds upon many of the measures in the CARES Act from March 2020 and in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, from December.[2][3]

Beginning on February 2, 2021, Democrats in the United States Senate started to open debates on a budget resolution that would allow them to pass the stimulus package through the process of reconciliation which would not require support from Republicans. The House of Representatives voted 218–212 to approve its version of the budget resolution. A so-called vote-a-rama[4] session started two days later after the resolution was approved, and the Senate introduced amendments in the relief package. The day after, Vice President Kamala Harris cast her first tie-breaking vote as vice president in order to give the Senate's approval to start the reconciliation process, with the House following suit by voting 219–209 to agree to the Senate version of the resolution.

On February 8, 2021, the Financial Services and Education and Labor committees released a draft of $1.9 trillion stimulus legislation. A portion of the relief package was approved by the House Ways and Means on February 11, setting it up for a vote in the House. The legislation was also approved by the Transportation and Infrastructure, Small Business, and House Veterans Affairs committees. On February 22, the House Budget Committee voted 19–16 to advance the bill to the House for a floor vote.[5] The bill passed the House by a vote of 219–212 on February 27. All but two Democrats voted for the bill and all Republicans voted against the bill.[6] A modified version passed the Senate on March 6 by a vote of 50–49.[7] The final amended bill was passed by the House on March 10 by a vote of 220–211 with one Democrat voting against it with all Republicans.[8] The bill was signed into law by President Biden on March 11, 2021,[9] which was the first anniversary of COVID-19 being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.

Response: The American Rescue Plan authorized $1.9T of economic stimulus to be spent.
Instruction: Why is Dunkin' Donuts so popular?


Response: Dunkin Donuts is a coffee and donut franchise with particularly high concentration in the Northeast United States, which is colloquially referred to as New England. Although the quality of the coffee is mediocre and the donuts tend to taste like plastic, Dunkin' Donuts (now re-branded as Dunkin') carries a special place in the heart of many New Englanders. 

Perhaps it's the the fact that you are rarely more than 10 miles away from a Dunkin' franchise at any given time, or perhaps it is their blatant obsession with New England professional sports teams. Either way, Dunkin' has established itself as a household name and weekday staple for many coffee drinkers in the frigid Northeast.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius?

Context: Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.[15]

Response: The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.
Instruction: What can be done to resolve issues with climate change


Response: Climate change is dangerous as it alters the climate very rapidly leading to shift in seasons and damaging the habitats of wild life for example. Some ways to control it could be: 
1. Reduce air pollution - move towards electric vehicles. Also move towards renewable source of energy so that increased demand can be met.
2. Control ozone depletion - Ban use of chemicals that encourage ozone hole depletion as this leads to melting of polar ice caps.
3. Plant more trees - They help in regulating the environment.
Instruction: Write a letter to your friend expressing your feelings about earning your first wage.


Response: Dear Cooper, 
I hope you have been in good health since we last spoke. I'm excited to inform you that I've just finished my first month of employment with AMG Auto Motors and received my first pay check. The amazing feeling of being paid for my hard work is truly surreal. I feel fortunate to have found a job that pays well for doing something I genuinely enjoy. I hope to save enough money now to buy a car to plan a trip together.
Best regard, 
Simon.
Instruction: Classify each item as "soft" or "hard": bowling ball, cinder block, tissue, memory foam, croissant, hammer


Response: Bowling Ball: Hard
Cinder Block: Hard
Tissue: Soft
Memory Foam: Soft
Croissant: Soft
Hammer: Hard
Instruction: Please write an email to the parent who complained about your child hitting their child.


Response: Hi, David:
Please pass my apology to Simone on Jessie's behalf. I hope he has a swift recovery. And thank you for sharing this with me. 

My wife and I will talk with Jessie about her bad behavior. We will try to find out her reason/motivation and emphasize the rules of interacting with and respecting her friends. 

We have not received a similar report in the past. So, we never knew this as a problem before. But we will take it very seriously and do our best to help her to fixe it. Please let us know if this even happens again. 

Please accept our sincerely apologize.
Instruction: Linus Torwalds invented and wrote what


Response: Linux computer operating system
Instruction: What is Denville Station?

Context: Denville is an active commuter railroad train station in Denville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Located on Estling Road, the station contains three side platforms–two curved low-level platforms that service New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line, and a third that services their Montclair-Boonton Line. Both platforms on the Morristown Line contain miniature high-level platforms for handicap accessibility. Trains on both lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. Heading westbound, the next station is Dover while the next station east on the Morristown Line is Mount Tabor. The next station east on the Montclair-Boonton Line is Mountain Lakes.

Response: Denville station is a commuter railroad station in Denville Township, Morris Country, New Jersey. It is supported by two lines, the New Jersey Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line. Trains on both of these lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown.
Instruction: What is the nature of god, from a logical perspective?


Response: Assuming god exists, one can think of the nature of god in two dimensions: is god active or passive, and is god benevolent or indifferent? Therefore, god is either active and benevolent, active and indifferent, passive and benevolent, or passive and indifferent. If god is active and benevolent, then all the bad things that happen would not happen, so this combination is unlikely. If god is active, god would likely be benevolent, so an indifferent active god seems a low probability. If god is benevolent, one would think they would be active, so a benevolent passive god seems a remote possibility. That leaves as the likeliest scenario a god that is passive and indifferent.
Instruction: Classify the following beverages that are typically served as either carbonated or non-carbonated: milk, soda, orange juice, beer, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks


Response: Carbonated: soda, beer
Non-carbonated: milk, orange juice, lemonade, coffee, sports drinks