HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What functions have political parties served in American politics? Assess the strength of each aspect of the U.S. political parties—the party in government, the party as organizations, and party in the electorate.


Response: The function of political parties is to present candidates for political office, have those candidates run in the parties name, and to win power when those candidates are elected.  Parties help candidates to solve the “social choice problem”, “collective action problem” and are a mechanism for elites to organize and communicate with voters.
Parties in government are strong.  Elected officials currently vote with the party on 90% of the issues.  The parties control the agenda, committee assignments, campaign contributions and fundraising, and encourage or discourage primary election challenges.  Parties are also strong with the electorate.  Only 13% of the population doesn’t associate with either Democrats or Republicans to some degree, and those who do associate with a party will generally vote for that party's candidates. Party organizations are also strong as they raise large sums of money (about $600-$700 million in the last presidential election for each party) and enlist volunteers for campaigns.  There is also a trend where party organizations are contacting and mobilizing voters at an increasing rate.
Instruction: FATF was established in which year?


Response: FATF was established in the year 1989
Instruction: What are the classical states of matter?


Response: 1. Solid: Matter in a solid state is comprised of particles that are held very closely together. Solids hold a definite shape. 
2. Liquid: Matter is in a mostly non-compressible fluid state. Liquid matter conforms to the shape of its container. 
3. Gas: Matter in a gaseous state is composed of compressible fluids. It may also take the shape of its container, but it will also expand to fill the container.
Instruction: What's the difference between a knot, a hitch and a bend?


Response: A knot stands by itself and will not come undone, an example is the figure 8 knot. A hitch, such as the clove hitch, requires something else such as a rope, a tree, or a carabiner to stay intact. A bend joins two ropes together.
Instruction: Based on the reference paragraph, when was the 149th Boat Race?

Context: The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during the race, which Oxford won by one foot (30 cm), the smallest margin of victory in the history of the event. The close race has been described as "epic", while Olympic gold medallist Steve Redgrave suggested that the race was the "greatest we will see in our lifetimes".

Response: April 6, 2003
Instruction: Imagine you are planning a menu for Thanksgiving Dinner. Build out a meal with two main dishes, four side dishes and two desserts. I have an aunt with Celiac disease who is vegetarian, so make sure there are options for vegetarians and people with celiac disease in each course, and explain what my aunt can eat in each part of the meal


Response: Main dishes: Turkey and Grilled Tofu
Side Dishes: Mashed Potatoes, Bread Rolls, Green Beans, Cranberry Sauce
Dessert: Pumpkin Pie, Vanilla Ice Cream
Your aunt can eat Grilled Tofu for the main, mashed potatoes, green beans and cranberry sauce for her side dishes and vanilla ice cream for dessert. All of these items are both vegetarian and gluten free, which is necessary for people with celiac disease.
Instruction: What is reserve requirement?


Response: Reserve requirements are central bank regulations that set the minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold in liquid assets. This minimum amount, commonly referred to as the commercial bank's reserve, is generally determined by the central bank on the basis of a specified proportion of deposit liabilities of the bank. This rate is commonly referred to as the reserve ratio. Though the definitions vary, the commercial bank's reserves normally consist of cash held by the bank and stored physically in the bank vault (vault cash), plus the amount of the bank's balance in that bank's account with the central bank. A bank is at liberty to hold in reserve sums above this minimum requirement, commonly referred to as excess reserves.

The reserve ratio is sometimes used by a country’s monetary authority as a tool in monetary policy, to influence the country's money supply by limiting or expanding the amount of lending by the banks. Monetary authorities increase the reserve requirement only after careful consideration because an abrupt change may cause liquidity problems for banks with low excess reserves; they generally prefer to use open market operations (buying and selling government-issued bonds) to implement their monetary policy. In the United States and many other countries (except Brazil, China, India, Russia), reserve requirements are generally not altered frequently in implementing a country's monetary policy because of the short-term disruptive effect on financial markets.
Instruction: How much of the earth is covered in land?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only place known in the universe where life has originated and found habitability. While Earth may not contain the largest volumes of water in the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water, extending over 70.8% of the Earth with its ocean, making Earth an ocean world. Earth's polar regions currently retain most of all other water with large sheets of ice covering ocean and land, dwarfing Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers and atmospheric water. Land, consisting of continents and islands, extends over 29.2% of the Earth and is widely covered by vegetation. Below Earth's surface material lies Earth's crust consisting of several slowly moving tectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Earth's liquid outer core generates a magnetic field that shapes the magnetosphere of Earth, largely deflecting destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation.

Response: 29.2% of the earth's surface is covered in land.
Instruction: Based on the reference text about coffee, tell me where coffee plants are primarily grown and the most common bean types.

Context: Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.[2]

Seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen from the mid-15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. The Yemenis procured the coffee beans from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries and began cultivation. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. In the 20th century, coffee became a global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world.

The two most commonly grown coffee bean types are C. arabica and C. robusta.[3] Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. As of 2018, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world's total. Green, unroasted coffee is traded as an agricultural commodity. Despite sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars worldwide, farmers producing coffee beans disproportionately live in poverty. Critics of the coffee industry have also pointed to its negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use

Response: Coffee plants are cultivated mainly in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The most common types of coffee beans are arabica and robusta.
Instruction: Given this reference text, what are column stores used for?

Context: A column-oriented DBMS or columnar DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables by column rather than by row. Benefits include more efficient access to data when only querying a subset of columns (by eliminating the need to read columns that are not relevant), and more options for data compression. However, they are typically less efficient for inserting new data.

Practical use of a column store versus a row store differs little in the relational DBMS world. Both columnar and row databases can use traditional database query languages like SQL to load data and perform queries. Both row and columnar databases can become the backbone in a system to serve data for common extract, transform, load (ETL) and tools.

Response: A column store database stores data as any other database management system. The data itself is stored sequentially to improve the performance of scans on a subset of individual columns.
Instruction: Can Solar panels help you maintain power during a storm ?


Response: It would really depend on how much cloud coverage you are getting but your panels should be able to generate some power.
Instruction: What factors should I consider before becoming a dog owner?


Response: Here are some questions you may ask yourself before becoming a dog owner:
1. Whether you have time to spend with the new family member daily. Dogs are social animals who need accompany just like human beings. You will need to spend time on walking, training and playing with your dogs every day.
2. Whether you have the financial ability to raise a dog. It's quite expensive to raise dogs. You will need to spend money on dog food, toys, pet necessities, vet bills, grooming, etc.
3. Whether you are prepared if you are a person who loves to travel. It will become harder to travel after having dogs.
4. Whether you are allergic to dogs.
5. Whether your current living condition is suitable for raising dogs. You also need to research what dog breeds are suitable for you, and dogs from different breeds have very different personalities. Is your home big enough for dogs of the breed you want to have? Are you living in a neighborhood that allows you to walk dogs easily and offers convenient access to facilities like dog parks? Do you have kids? 
6. Whether you are prepared for dog training. Dogs need proper training to have good manners, which takes time, patience and persistence.
Instruction: Who was the winner of Top Chef Season 4?

Context: Stephanie Izard is an American chef and television personality best known as the first female chef to win Bravo's Top Chef, taking the title during its fourth season.[1] She is the co-owner and executive chef of three award-winning Chicago restaurants, Girl and the Goat, Little Goat, and Duck Duck Goat, and opened her first restaurant, Scylla (now closed) as chef-owner at the age of 27. Izard received a James Beard Foundation Award for "Best Chef: Great Lakes" in 2013 for her work at Girl and the Goat.[2] She has made a number of appearances on Top Chef since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in Top Chef Duels.[3] In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series Iron Chef Gauntlet, where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef.

Response: Stephanie Izard won the fourth season of Top Chef
Instruction: What is the difference between an electric field and gravitational field?

Context: The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker.
An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field.
The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.

Response: The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion.
Instruction: What are good plants to have in your home if you have cats?


Response: Many house plants are not cat safe. Some which are: rattlesnake plants, spider plants and African violets to name a few. Make sure you always check before buying an indoor plant if it is cat safe or keep non-cat safe plants in location you cat cannot get to.
Instruction: Which of the following cars are made by GM? Grand Cherokee, Blazer, F150, Bronco, Corvette


Response: Blazer and Corvette
Instruction: Based on the given text, please tell me which region and country a Troll Cross originated in, and what its intent is.

Context: In Sweden, as well as Norway, a trollkors or troll cross is a bent piece of iron worn as an amulet to ward off malevolent magic, allegedly stemming from medieval Sweden. According to those claiming its authenticity it represented the Norse symbol of protection; thus if a Norseman wore this symbol, they believed that chances of falling into danger would decrease. However, although commonly thought of as a part of Swedish folklore, it was first created—as an item of jewelry—by the smith Kari Erlands from western Dalarna, sometime in the late 1990s. It was claimed to have been a copy of a protective rune found at her grandparents' farm, but this has not been verified. While it does bear some resemblance to the othala rune in Elder Futhark and Anglo-Saxon runic writing systems, it is more likely that Erlands mistook a Bumerke for a protective symbol.

Response: The Troll Cross originated in the western Dalarna region of Sweden. It is worn as an amulet or piece of jewelry to ward off malevolent magic.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO?

Context: Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership,[clarify] since 1995.

Response: Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO.
Instruction: Change the following to past tense

Context: Yoo Ji-No is a South Korean football player who plays for Suwon FC.

Response: Yoo Ji-No was a South Korean football player who played for Suwon FC.
Instruction: What are some of the highest-rated episodes of The X-Files, based on viewer's ratings?


Response: According to IMDB, users on the site have ranked the following as the top ten episodes from The X-Files: Bad Blood, Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose, Anasazi, Dreamland, Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man, Paper Clip, Redux II, The Erlenmeyer Flask, Jose Chung's From Outer Space, and Small Potatoes.
Instruction: What is the color of tennis balls?

Context: Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).

Response: Modern tennis balls are yellow.
Instruction: Provide me some details about United States attorneys with the given text as a reference.

Context: United States attorneys are officials of the U.S. Department of Justice who serve as the chief federal law enforcement officers in each of the 94 U.S. federal judicial districts. Each U.S. attorney serves as the United States' chief federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district and represents the U.S. federal government in civil litigation in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction. U.S. attorneys must be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, after which they serve four-year terms.

Response: 1. In each of the 94 federal court districts in the United States, United States attorneys are representatives of the U.S. Department of Justice who act as the top federal law enforcement officials.
2. Each U.S. attorney represents the U.S. federal government in civil action in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction and acts as the country's top federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district.
3. U.S. attorneys serve four-year terms after being appointed by the President and being confirmed by the Senate.
Instruction: Classify the following based on what kind of animals they are.
rodentia, chiroptera, lizards, primates, crocodiles, soricomorpha, turtles, snakes


Response: Reptiles- lizards, crocodiles, turtles, snakes
Mammals- rodentia, chiroptera, soricomorpha, primates
Instruction: What was the first functional submarine called?


Response: The Turtle was made of wood and used in the American Revolution.
Instruction: What are three popular mezzo-soprano arias?


Response: Three of the most commonly sung mezzo-soprano arias are:
"Habanera" from the opera Carmen by Bizet
"Voi che sapete" from the opera Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart
"Che faro" from the opera Orfeo ed Euridice by Gluck
Instruction: Which medical tool was developed by Sanctorius in 1612


Response: Thermometer
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a flying or aquatic animal: salmon, eagle, dolphin, whale, octopus, bat, goose


Response: Among the given list, salmon, dolphin, whale, octopus are aquatic animals whereas eagle, bat and goose are flying animals.
Instruction: In climbing, what is a hand jam?


Response: Hand jamming is a technique used in crack climbing used to support the climbers upper body. The climber places their hand in a crack, then flexes their thumb towards the palm to expand their hand, creating friction between the sides of the crack and the base of the thumb and back of the hand. There are many variations on the technique depending on the size of the climber, the size of the crack, and the circumstances of the route.
Instruction: Where is the first Summer Olympics held?


Response: Athens, Greece 1896
Instruction: What are good tips to drive in the snow?


Response: Driving in the snow can be a fun experience but it can be equally dangerous. Always prepare a medical kit and a bag of supplies such as potable water bottles, imperishable items, and a radio in case of emergencies. Make sure your vehicle has four wheel traction, and if necessary, install snow chains on the tires. If you find yourself in a snowstorm, drive extra carefully, and drive slow and safe until you obtain better visibility.
Instruction: What is Pinot Noir?

Context: Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.

Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. Regions that have gained a reputation for red pinot noir wines include the Willamette Valley of Oregon; the Carneros, Central Coast, Sonoma Coast, and Russian River AVAs of California; the Elgin and Walker Bay wine regions of South Africa; the Mornington Peninsula, Adelaide Hills, Great Southern, Tasmania, and Yarra Valley in Australia; and the Central Otago, Martinborough, and Marlborough wine regions of New Zealand. Pinot noir is the most planted varietal (38%) used in sparkling wine production in Champagne and other wine regions.

Response: Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines.
Instruction: Who was the US president when WWII ended?


Response: Harry S. Truman was the US president at the end of World War II