HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What is 'karma' according to Buddhism?


Response: Karma is a central and fundamental aspect of Buddhist doctrine common to all traditions of Buddhism. The Buddhist concept of Karma is a natural process that operates with all our volitional actions and which does not need an external agency or power that sits in judgement.

Karma in Buddhism should not be considered as moral justice, or a method of reward and punishment, that needs an external body or authority to decide whom or what should be punished and rewarded. It is believed that Gautama Buddha attained complete insight into how the process of Karma works during the night of his full enlightenment when, through the divine eye (dibbacakku), Buddha saw how other beings die and are reborn in happy and unhappy states according to their Karma.

According to the Cula-kammavibhanga sutta of the Majima Nikava (collection of the middle length discourses of the Buddha), a young brahmin by the name of Subha had approached the Buddha and inquired as to why there was so much inequality among human beings in terms of being short-lived or long-lived, sickly or healthy, ugly or beautiful, powerful or powerless, poor or rich, low-born or high-born, ignorant or intelligent, etc. Buddha had then explained that:
"all living beings are the owners of their actions, heirs to their actions, they originate from their actions, they are related through their actions, they have their actions as their refuge and that it is action or Karma that distinguishes beings as inferior and superior

The word Karma in Pali, and karma in Sanskrit, means action but encompasses only actions that are intentional, volitional and willful and which will lead to consequences sooner or later. The mind (citta) by itself cannot perform or direct any mental, verbal or physical action and it is the intention, will, mental effort or volition (cetana) that directs any mental, verbal or physical action.

Thus the Buddha declared:
"Cetanaham bhikkhave kammam vadami
Cetayitva kammam karoti, kayena, vacaya, manasa"

"It is volition that I call Karma, by volition one performs Karma through body, word or mind."
Instruction: Give me a summary about St Paul's Cathedral

Context: St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604.[1] The present structure, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the city after the Great Fire of London.[2] The earlier Gothic cathedral (Old St Paul's Cathedral), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard, being the site of St Paul's Cross.

The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral.

Response: St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present structure, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the city after the Great Fire of London. The earlier Gothic cathedral (Old St Paul's Cathedral), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard, being the site of St Paul's Cross.

The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral.
Instruction: Give me a summary of why an abstract is useful in academic literature?

Context: Academic literature uses the abstract to succinctly communicate complex research. An abstract may act as a stand-alone entity instead of a full paper. As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, platform/oral presentation or workshop presentation at an academic conference. Most bibliographic databases only index abstracts rather than providing the entire text of the paper. Full texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees and therefore the abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic form of the full text. The abstract can convey the main results and conclusions of a scientific article but the full text article must be consulted for details of the methodology, the full experimental results, and a critical discussion of the interpretations and conclusions. An abstract allows one to sift through copious numbers of papers for ones in which the researcher can have more confidence that they will be relevant to their research. Once papers are chosen based on the abstract, they must be read carefully to be evaluated for relevance. It is generally agreed that one must not base reference citations on the abstract alone, but the content of an entire paper.

Response: An abstract is useful in academic research because it conveys the complex research in a concise way by acting as a stand-alone summary. Therefore, it is usually used by many organizations as a base for selecting research. Moreover, abstracts are usually provided free of charge by many bibliographic databases which makes the research works more accessible. In addition, researchers can understand if the work is relevant to their research just by reading the abstract.
Instruction: Why should people drink water?


Response: The body is composed of anywhere between 55-75% water and many bodily functions rely on being sufficiently hydrated. One of the best ways to stay hydrated is to drink water. Drinking water has many benefits such as helping regulate your body temperature,  protecting your joints and organs and keeping your skin healthy and clear.
Instruction: From the passage below, please extract the most recent country to join NATO.

Context: NATO is a military alliance of twenty-nine European and two North American countries that constitutes a system of collective defense. The process of joining the alliance is governed by Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which allows for the invitation of "other European States" only and by subsequent agreements. Countries wishing to join must meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialog and military integration. The accession process is overseen by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body. NATO was formed in 1949 with twelve founding members and has added new members nine times. The first additions were Greece and Turkey in 1952. In May 1955, West Germany joined NATO, which was one of the conditions agreed to as part of the end of the country's occupation by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, prompting the Soviet Union to form their own collective security alliance (commonly called the Warsaw Pact) later that month. Following the end of the Franco regime, newly-democratic Spain chose to join NATO in 1982.

In 1990, the negotiators reached an agreement that a reunified Germany would be in NATO under West Germany's existing membership. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 led many former Warsaw Pact and post-Soviet states to initiate discussions about joining NATO. Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic became NATO members in 1999, amid much debate within NATO itself and Russian opposition. NATO then formalized the process of joining the organization with "Membership Action Plans", which aided the accession of seven Central and Eastern Europe countries shortly before the 2004 Istanbul summit: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Two countries on the Adriatic Sea—Albania and Croatia—joined on 1 April 2009 before the 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit. The next member states to join NATO were Montenegro on 5 June 2017, North Macedonia on 27 March 2020 and Finland on 4 April 2023.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022,[1] and the ratification process for Sweden is in progress.[2][3] Finland officially joined on 4 April 2023. Ukraine applied for NATO membership in September 2022 after Russia claimed to annex part of its territory.[4] Two other states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia.[5] Kosovo also aspires to join NATO.[6] Joining the alliance is a debate topic in several other European countries outside the alliance, including Austria, Ireland, Malta, Moldova, and Serbia.[7]

Response: Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022. Finland officially joined NATO on April 4, 2023.
Instruction: Why are people afraid of sharks?


Response: Many people are afraid of sharks from irrational fear from media, and from losing control. Only about 80 humans are attacked by sharks each year, with a very low death rate. Galeophobia is the term used for being afraid of sharks.
Instruction: From the passage provided, when was the home version of Pong released?

Context: The first video game consoles were produced in the early 1970s. Ralph H. Baer devised the concept of playing simple, spot-based games on a television screen in 1966, which later became the basis of the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972. Inspired by the table tennis game on the Odyssey, Nolan Bushnell, Ted Dabney, and Allan Alcorn at Atari, Inc. developed the first successful arcade game, Pong, and looked to develop that into a home version, which was released in 1975. The first consoles were capable of playing only a very limited number of games built into the hardware. Programmable consoles using swappable ROM cartridges were introduced with the Fairchild Channel F in 1976, though popularized with the Atari 2600 released in 1977.

Response: The home version of Pong was released in 1975.
Instruction: What is the difference between coffee and espresso?


Response: Espresso is a type of coffee. More specifically, it's a method of brewing coffee that uses high water pressure and finely ground beans to make a small, concentrated shot. Espresso has a top layer of foam known as the crema, which is a by-product of the high-pressure extraction process.

When ordering a "coffee" in America, you will most likely get a drip coffee which is also a type of coffee. When you order un caffè (a coffee) in Italy, you will most likely receive an espresso.
Instruction: How do you make wine?


Response: Wine is made from grapes.  You first need to harvest or collect the grapes and then take them off the stem.  Next you need to crush the grapes and get as much juice out of them as possible.  Then you let the grapes ferment for many weeks or months and during the fermentation process alcohol will be released.  Then you can siphon the wine in the barrels or let the wine age longer and then get it ready for bottling or corking / capping.
Instruction: How do archaeologist use stratigraphy?


Response: Stratigraphy is very important for archaeologists and is used to interpret time and space within a site. In general, the soil horizons near the top are the most recent and those lower down are older. Stratigraphy can help archaeologist determine how old a site is as well as different events that might have taken place at the site.
Instruction: is diners drive-ins and dives the best food network show?


Response: It depends what you are looking for! If you are interested in learning about new foods in predominantly US locations that are generally affordable without a competitive element then diners drive-ins and dives, or triple D, may be great for you. Given how many years the show has been on air it is almost impossible to watch a repeat and you usually find something interesting to pay attention to. While it's not competitive, you can definitely see which restaurants make the host super excited versus not. It is a great show to decompress from work or stress before going to bed.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Babendil, Bowed guitar


Response: Bowed guitar is string, Babendil is percussion.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the number of Naruto: Shippuden episodes.

Context: Naruto was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1999 to 2014, with its chapters collected in 72 tankōbon volumes. The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes from 2002 to 2007; the English dub of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009. Naruto: Shippuden, a sequel to the original series, premiered in 2007, and ended in 2017, after 500 episodes. The English dub was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode. The English dub is still airing weekly on Adult Swim to this day. Viz Media began streaming the anime series on their streaming service Neon Alley in December 2012 on 99 episodes, and ended in March 2016, after 338 episodes. Besides the anime series, Pierrot has developed eleven movies and twelve original video animations (OVAs). Other Naruto-related merchandise includes light novels, video games, and trading cards developed by several companies.

Response: There are 500 episodes of Naruto: Shippuden.
Instruction: If  you found yourself  washed  up on  a  deserted tropical island with no hope for immediate rescue, what  would  you do?


Response: The immediate first step is to ensure you are not materially injured.  Assuming your only manifestation of harm is a psychological roller coaster of fear, anger and hopelessness,  your best course of action is to attend to your basic needs first.  

Locate a protected space away from the wind but not too deep into the surrounding jungle, built a fire pit and gather enough combustable materials to carry  you  through  the first few evenings.  Find fresh  water and someway to hold it (open coconut shells / fashioned palm leave bowls etc) - DO NOT DRINK IT until you boil it first over your new  fire so you mitigate the risk of getting sick.  Before your first nightfall with secure fire and water taken care of, build yourself a  make shift shelter so you  are protected from the elements and yet  to be discovered critters.  

Day two, focus your  energies  gathering food  (coconuts / seaweed / clams etc) so you keep your energy high.  Once your very basic needs are met (shelter / water / food to survive), its  time to fashion a fishing pole and a sharp spear out of bamboo so you can fish  and hunt for birds to expand your  food sources.  

Day  three, focus  your energy on building yourself a more permanent shelter.   Explore the island for  wood and rock sources; along with large palm leave you  can fashion rope from.  While exploring your  new home, look for caves and / or places  where you could construct a tree fort so you can improve your protected living space.

Week 2, once your new living  quarters are secured and you have sustainable methods to care for your basic needs, climb to the highest point of the island and look for nearby islands / land and any indication of human habitation.  While searching for these indicators, assess methods of island escape to get through any surf  and start tracking wind and weather patterns daily so you can get a feel for the seasonal rotations.

Week 3 +, dedicate 3-4 hours a day to building signal fires and SOS stone messages that overheard planes may be able to detect.  It is also important  to manage your mental health and track daily changes so you keep your sanity in check  as you adjust  to the new reality.

Create a way to chronicle your experiences.  One day you  will escape your island and can sell your story to Hollywood.  Of course, if you  never do escape, you will  at  least  have the comfort of leaving something behind for eventual discovery of proof you did survive the incident that landed you on this island.
Instruction: What's the first thing you do when you wake up in the morning ?


Response: Open my eyes
Instruction: What is meant by the saying “break a leg”?


Response: “Break a leg” is a way to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance.
Instruction: Describe the perfect weekend trip to Boston, Massachusetts.


Response: The best way to spend a weekend in Boston is walking the Freedom Trail in Downtown Boston. Seeing a Red Sox game at Fenway Park is practically required, and if visiting in the off-season, taking a tour of the stadium will suffice. You need to have a lobster roll at the Union Oyster House for Lunch. You should have a cannoli from Mike's Pastry in the North End for dessert as they are the best. Take the T from Government Center to the MFA stop to visit the Museum of Fine Arts. You should stay at the XV Beacon Hotel by the Boston Common. The Boston Commons is a lovely place to have a picnic as well.
Instruction: What is Megan Rapinoe's soccer jersey number?


Response: 15
Instruction: Does Grigorievna Nazarenko live in Moscow?

Context: Professor Tatyana Grigorievna Nazarenko is one of the leading Russian contemporary painters who has set new directions in Russian Art and Painting starting from the 1970s. She was born in Moscow where she still lives and works.

Response: Yes, she lives in Moscow
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Falcons, how many Super Bowls have they won in their history?

Context: The Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta. The Falcons compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The Falcons were founded on June 30, 1965, and joined the NFL in 1966[6] as an expansion team, after the NFL offered then-owner Rankin Smith a franchise to keep him from joining the rival American Football League (AFL).

In their 55 years of existence, the Falcons have compiled a record of 379–487–6 (369–473–6 in the regular season and 10–14 in the playoffs), winning division championships in 1980, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2012, and 2016. The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls, the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII, where they lost to the Denver Broncos 34–19,[7] and the second 18 years later, a 34–28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI.

The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opened for the 2017 season; the team's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a 50-acre (20 ha) site in Flowery Branch,[8] northeast of Atlanta in Hall County.

Response: Although the falcons have been to two Super Bowl games in their history, they have not won a Super Bowl yet.
Instruction: Extract the key dates and events in the life of Albert Einstein in a bulleted list in the format {date} - {event}

Context: Einstein was born in the German Empire, but moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg)[note 1] the following year. In 1897, at the age of 17, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich, graduating in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life, and in 1903 he secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1917, Einstein became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time Prussian.

In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, as a Jew, objected to the policies of the newly elected Nazi government;[17] he settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940.[18] On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommending that the US begin similar research. Einstein supported the Allies but generally denounced the idea of nuclear weapons.[19]

Response: 1895 - Moved to Switzerland
1897 - Enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich
1900 - Graduated from the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school
1901 - Became a Swiss citizen
1903 - Started a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern
1905 - Awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich
1914 - Moved to Berlin to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin
1917 - Became the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics
1917 - Became a German citizen again
1933 - Settled in the United States
1940 - Became an American citizen
Instruction: Classify each of the following as names of Pokemon or pop music groups: ABBA, Moltres, Pikachu, Eagles, *NSYNC, TLC, Vaporeon, Snorlax, i5, Dream, Blondie, Charizard, Charmander, Fleetwood Mac


Response: Pokemon: Moltres, Pikachu, Vaporeon, Snorlax, Charizard, Charmander
Pop music groups: ABBA, Eagles, TLC, i5, Dream, Blondie, Fleetwood Mac
Instruction: Who was Bhagat Singh?


Response: Bhagat Singh was a freedom fighter born in undivided India on 27th September 1907 and was hanged to death by the British Empire at a young age of 23 years on 23rd March 1931.
Instruction: Who are some important people in U.S. history that everyone should know about?


Response: Here are some important people in U.S. history:
* John Brown, an abolitionist who led a failed slave revolt in what is now West Virginia, and was executed for doing so.
* Henry George, who popularized the concepts of land value taxation (LVT) and universal basic income (UBI). His most famous work is a book called Progress and Poverty.
* Thurgood Marshall, who was a justice of the Supreme Court. Prior to his appointment, he successfully argued against segregation in education in the case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
* Bayard Rustin, a civil rights activist.
* Scott Wiener, a state senator in California who has authored legislation that makes it easier to build housing.
* Stanley Chang, a state senator in Hawaii who has similarly been vocally supportive of increasing the supply of housing.
* Ilhan Omar, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Instruction: Please provide 5 different variants of served coffee


Response: 1. Cold Brew 
2. Americano 
3. Espresso 
4. Latte 
5. Cappuccino
Instruction: Who are the contenders for the World Chess Championship in 2023?


Response: Ian Nepomniachtchi from Russia up against Ding Liren from China