HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What are the potential source of energy for an engine?

Context: An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.[1][2]
Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form, so heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing.

Response: Potential sources of an engine includes potential energy, heat energy chemical energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a planet, a star, or a galaxy:  Mercury, Venus, Polaris, Earth, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Milky Way, Andromeda, Saturn, Virgo A, Maffei 1, Uranus, Neptune, Sirius, Vega.


Response: Stars: Sun, Polaris, Sirius, Vega

Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Galaxies: Milky Way, Andromeda, Virgo A, Maffei 1
Instruction: Come up with gift ideas for your girlfriend


Response: Here are some possible gift ideas for girlfriend
* romantic date
* flowers
* plushies
* shoes
* clothing
To make a good gift, think of things that your girlfriend likes most. You should customize your gift based on her interests.
Instruction: I am registering for gifts for my wedding and need to include items that would be useful in my new home. Which items are household items that can be given as a wedding gift: blender, coffee maker, bus fare, towels, sheets, skateboard, cell phone, car, dishes, silverware, gym membership, glassware, tuxedo, brake pads, bicycle, picture frames


Response: A blender, coffee maker, towels, sheets, dishes, silverware, glassware, picture frames are examples of household items that can be given as a wedding gift.
Instruction: What is the total number of geographical entities (states, territories, regions) in Africa?

Context: This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa. It includes both fully recognised states, states with limited or zero recognition, and dependent territories of both African and non-African states. It lists 56 sovereign states (54 of which are member states of the United Nations), two non-sovereign (dependent) territories of non-African sovereign states, and ten sub-national regions of non-African sovereign states. Malta and parts of France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are located on the African continental plate, some considerably closer to the African mainland than the European mainland but, politically, are generally considered to be European by convention. Egypt, although extending into Asia through the Sinai Peninsula, is considered an African state.

Response: There are 56 sovereign states, 2 non-sovereign states, and 10 regions in Africa. This totals 56 + 2 + 10 = 68 territories.
Instruction: What city did Beatrice Prior live in?


Response: Beatrice "Tris" Prior was from Chicago.
Instruction: Does multitasking make someone more productive at work?


Response: It is a commonly held belief that multitasking is a desirable attribute for an employee to possess. This is based on the idea that multitasking results in a higher volume of work product. However, the contrary view is that multitasking diminishes the quality of work. In other words, multitasking increases productivity if the goal is simply to produce more work product; but at the same time, it decreases the quality of each individual outcome.
Instruction: What is self advocacy?


Response: Self advocacy is a process in which a person themselves or asks another individual, group, or community to discuss or publish the benefits of what that person has done with others that have external influence to benefit the original person seeking self-advocacy.  Self advocacy works well in corporate environments and is a behavior in start-up companies that does not make an impact on performance, ranking or promotion.
Instruction: What is the structure of Public Forum debate, as used in US debate competitions?


Response: A public forum debate takes place between two teams of two individuals each. For the assigned topic, one team argues for the affirmative, or pro side, and the other argues for the negative, or con side.

The debate is organized in a sequence of speeches according to the following outline:
•	Constructives (4 minutes): The first speaker of each team gives a pre-prepared case that makes arguments for their side.
•	1st Crossfire (3 minutes): The crossfire, or cross-examination, is a time for members of each team to take turns asking each other questions about their arguments. The first crossfire takes place between the first speakers of each team.
•	Rebuttals (4 minutes): The second speaker of each team presents a rebuttal, in which they respond to the points made in their opponents' constructive speech. The second speaking team's rebuttal will sometimes defend their own case along with attacking their opponents'.
•	2nd Crossfire (3 minutes): This crossfire is similar to the first crossfire, except it is between the second speakers of each team.
•	Summaries (3 minutes): The first speaker of each team gives a speech that aims to break down the main issues of the round.
•	Grand Crossfire (3 minutes): A crossfire where both members of both teams ask each other questions.
•	Final Focuses (2 minutes): The second speaker of each team gives a speech that aims to emphasize the reasons the judge should vote for them.

Additionally, each team is given 3 minutes of preparation time throughout the round, which they can choose to take before any of their speeches. It is important to note that the time duration of each stage may vary across different leagues.

After all speeches are given, the judges, or judge panel, will take some time to deliberate before casting their ballot for one of the two teams. There are no ties.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the official language of Tamil Nadu.

Context: Tamil Nadu (/ˌtæmɪl ˈnɑːduː/; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] (listen), abbr. TN) is the southern-most state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The capital and largest city is Chennai.

Response: Tamil is the official language of Tamil Nadu.
Instruction: From the passage provided find the names of the creators of Kafka. Separate them with a comma.

Context: Kafka was originally developed at LinkedIn, and was subsequently open sourced in early 2011. Jay Kreps, Neha Narkhede and Jun Rao helped co-create Kafka.[4] Graduation from the Apache Incubator occurred on 23 October 2012.[5] Jay Kreps chose to name the software after the author Franz Kafka because it is "a system optimized for writing", and he liked Kafka's work.[6]

Response: Jay Kreps, Neha Narkhede, Jun Rao
Instruction: Where is Jasienica?


Response: Jasienica [jaɕeˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Łoniów, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Instruction: Give me the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World:


Response: Seven Wonders of the Industrial World:

- SS Great Eastern, British oceangoing passenger steamship, launched in 1858
- Bell Rock Lighthouse, in the North Sea off the coast of Angus, Scotland, completed in 1810
- Brooklyn Bridge, in New York City, New York, United States, opened to traffic in 1883
- London sewerage system, serving London, England since the late 19th century
- First transcontinental railroad, 1,912-mile (3,077 km) continuous railroad line connecting existing rail networks in Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California in the United States, completed in 1869
- Panama Canal, 51-mile (82 km) artificial waterway crossing the Isthmus of Panama and connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, completed in 1914
- Hoover Dam, on the Colorado River, spanning the border between Nevada and Arizona in the United States, completed in 1936
Instruction: What are some of the most famous rock bands from Seattle, Washington?


Response: Famous rock bands from Seattle include Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, and Foo Fighters.
Instruction: What are a couple of ways to increase profitability?


Response: Since profitability can be computed as revenue less expenses for a period, there are several ways to increase profitability.  To increase revenue, you could sell more units or increase the price.  To lower expenses, you could reduce the cost to produce your good or service or reduce SG&A costs
Instruction: What is the philosophy of the movie Up?


Response: Ellie is clearly a lot more adventurous than Carl. In fact that is clear in the first few minutes. To Carl, "Spirit of Adventure" is a balloon and for her its an abandoned house. The size, I think, matters because that is the size of the spirit of adventure.

Another thing alluding to her spirit of adventure is the loss of the baby and her subsequent rebounding from the sadness. She takes this grave loss as an adventure in her book. Carl is a good husband to point out that she needs to fulfill her "Things I am going to do" promise to herself, but does not realize how Ellie views the loss of the baby.

Carl is stuck on the aspect of having the house on Paradise island. He thinks that Ellie never lived her adventures and never added to her book since her first wish never got fulfilled. 

When an adventure presents itself in the form of Kevin, Carl, still attached to the past, prefers to fulfill the perceived wish by Ellie. When he does get the home on the water fall, it is clear that he is not satisfied. He can say that the dog nor Kevin are his problems. But when he sits down in his beloved chair, and looks through Ellie book of adventure again, he realizes that Ellie lived her adventures. She had no regrets. Her life was an adventure. And just at the right time, Carl sees the message from her to live his own adventure, i.e. Kevin.

Things become clearer for Carl. He is absolved of his guilt. He realizes that Ellie never felt bad about not being able to have her home on Paradise island. This moment of clarity is what all humans crave for. With this clarity, it was easy for him to be rid of all his attachments. He left behind his and his wife's chairs that he is clearly very attached to.

The message here, at least for the adults to discern and then communicate to the kids is to live your life. Yes you have dreams. But in day to day life, those dreams may not be achieved. Look for adventure. Look to live fully and without attachment to your dreams like Ellie did. Because, then, in living this full life, it just might be that your dream comes true. It just might be that the house is on Paradise island even without you trying like in the end of the movie!
Instruction: What is a graph in graph theory?

Context: In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects correspond to mathematical abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge (also called link or line). Typically, a graph is depicted in diagrammatic form as a set of dots or circles for the vertices, joined by lines or curves for the edges. Graphs are one of the objects of study in discrete mathematics.

Response: In graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related".
Instruction: How many cities in the world have a population exceeding 5 million people ?

Context: There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people.

Response: There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2018 estimates by the United Nations. The U.N. figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area.
Instruction: What is pseudoscience?

Context: The demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is widespread agreement "that creationism, astrology, homeopathy, Kirlian photography, dowsing, ufology, ancient astronaut theory, Holocaust denialism, Velikovskian catastrophism, and climate change denialism are pseudosciences." There are implications for health care, the use of expert testimony, and weighing environmental policies.Addressing pseudoscience is part of science education and developing scientific literacy

Response: Which is not based on mainstream factual science.
Instruction: Should I use a dynamic microphone or a condenser microphone for recording a podcast? What about streaming on twitch or making youtube videos? Should I ever use a ribbon microphone?


Response: If you use a modern Apple laptop made after the year 2021, the built-in microphone has sufficient clarity and frequency response to make good recordings of your voice. It's not suitable for recording instruments, however.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a great house or minor house in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire": Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister, Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly


Response: Great house: Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister
Minor house: Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly
Instruction: Why do humans like dogs?


Response: Humans like dogs because dogs love humans and want to be with them. Humans and dogs share a close emotional connection that is unmatched by other species, including – at times – other humans. There is evidence of a humans and dogs interacting going back 18,000 years. Domesticated dogs will quickly bond to a humans, often showing affection in presence of their human owners and degrees of separation anxiety when their human owners aren’t present. Dogs will seek comfort from their human when they feel anxious or are in physical distress. Dogs often seek approval from their human by performing specific tasks in which they have been trained, or by exhibiting character traits or behaviors that they have been selectively bred for. Dogs love humans and interact with them in complex ways. Humans, in turn, interact with dogs and receive emotional satisfaction.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wood block, Akkordolia


Response: Akkordolia is string, Wood block is percussion.
Instruction: Which was the 5th largest recipient of FDI in world in 2020


Response: India
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Password-authenticated key exchange, what year were the first provably-secure protocols created?

Context: The first successful password-authenticated key agreement methods were Encrypted Key Exchange methods described by Steven M. Bellovin and Michael Merritt in 1992. Although several of the first methods were flawed, the surviving and enhanced forms of EKE effectively amplify a shared password into a shared key, which can then be used for encryption and/or message authentication. The first provably-secure PAKE protocols were given in work by M. Bellare, D. Pointcheval, and P. Rogaway (Eurocrypt 2000) and V. Boyko, P. MacKenzie, and S. Patel (Eurocrypt 2000). These protocols were proven secure in the so-called random oracle model (or even stronger variants), and the first protocols proven secure under standard assumptions were those of O. Goldreich and Y. Lindell (Crypto 2001) which serves as a plausibility proof but is not efficient, and J. Katz, R. Ostrovsky, and M. Yung (Eurocrypt 2001) which is practical.

The first password-authenticated key retrieval methods were described by Ford and Kaliski in 2000.

A considerable number of alternative, secure PAKE protocols were given in work by M. Bellare, D. Pointcheval, and P. Rogaway, variations, and security proofs have been proposed in this growing class of password-authenticated key agreement methods. Current standards for these methods include IETF RFC 2945, RFC 5054, RFC 5931, RFC 5998, RFC 6124, RFC 6617, RFC 6628 and RFC 6631, IEEE Std 1363.2-2008, ITU-T X.1035 and ISO-IEC 11770-4:2006.

Response: The first provably-secure protocols for Password-authenticated key exchanges(PAKE) were presented in 2000 at "Eurocrypt 2000" by two groups Mihir Bellare, David Pointcheval and Phillip Rogaway, and Victor Boyko, Philip MacKenzie and Sarvar Patel.
Instruction: Rank American Presidents


Response: Abraham Lincoln is mostly regarded as the greatest president for his leadership during the Civil War and the abolition of slavery. Franklin D. Roosevelt for leading the country out of the Great Depression and during World War II. Founding Father and first president George Washington for setting several enduring and important precedents for the office of the presidency, including the peaceful transition of power.
Instruction: How do you wheelie a motorcycle?


Response: While moving at constant speed, have your right foot covering the brake, compress the motorcycles suspension by pushing down equally on the handle bars and foot pegs, as the suspension starts to rebound upward, blip the throttle. This will lift the front wheel off the ground. If the wheel goes too high use the rear brake to bring it back down.
Instruction: Who were the founding members of id Software?

Context: id Software LLC (/ɪd/) is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.

Response: The founding members of id Software were John Carmack, John Romero, Tom Hall, and Adrian Carmack.
Instruction: who won the oscar 2023 for best original song music


Response: M.M.Keeravani , Chnadrabose won the oscar for Naatu Naatu song  from film RRR. RRR is one the biggest and top grosser in Indian films and got various applauds internationally. RRR was directed by S.S.Rajamouli one of the greatest Director who directed films like Baahubali which is the one of the biggest periodic drama. Ramcharan and NTR are the lead actors in RRR.
Instruction: Tell me whether those are countries or cities: Paris, Amsterdam, South Africa, Australia, Vienna, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Argentina


Response: Paris, Amsterdam and Vienna are cities. South Africa, Australia, Malaysia, Brunei and Argentina are countries. Singapore is actually both a city and a country.
Instruction: What is a side slide in aviation?


Response: It is a technique used to compensate for a crosswind.  It is used primarily during takeoff and landing.  It is first established by lowering the upwind wing using aileron by moving the yoke or stick in the direction of the wind.  Then apply enough rudder to keep from turning.
Instruction: Summarize the different types of firestop pillows.

Context: Firestop pillows are passive fire protection items used for firestopping holes to achieve fireproofing. The various kinds of firestop pillows are intended to slow the spread of fire. They are often used to meet fire-resistance ratings in conduits that need frequent access.

Description and use
Firestop pillows are used for firestopping holes in wall or floor assemblies, particularly in openings that require frequent access (e.g., cable changes), requiring the removal of the firestopping and resealing after the changes are completed. The products are required to have fire-resistance ratings and to be used in accordance with a certification listing.

There are three types of firestop pillows:[citation needed]

rockwool batts with intumescent resin inside plastic bags
vermiculite with intumescent graphite inside of fibreglass bags
intumescent foam rubber
The intumescent resins in batt-based firestop pillows contains hydrates, or chemically bound water. On the fire side, the plastic bag burns off exposing the intumescent to the fire, which releases the water in the form of vapour or steam. The steam rises and hits the plastic bag interior on the unexposed side, where it condenses back to water, and runs back down to cool the installation below. Batt-based pillows are held in place by compressing them, allowing friction to restrain them.

The vermiculite fabric bag and the graphite are noncombustible. There is also no significant release of chemically bound water.

The foam-based pillows intumesce, swelling as a result of heat exposure.

Response: Firestop pillows are protection items used to achieve fireproofing. There are three types of firestop pillows:
1. Rockwool Batts
2. Vermiculite
3. Intumescent Foam Rubber
Instruction: How do I build a campfire?


Response: Safety should always come first when starting a campfire. Ensure you have water or another way to extinguish your fire readily available. Use a campfire ring, pit, or clear a large area around your campfire location. Also, make sure campfires are permitted in your area. 

With safety out of the way, all a fire needs are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Any combustible material will start a fire, but good campfire fuel sources include tinder, kindling, and dry logs.

Use stuff like dry pine needles, dry leaves, grasses, and wood shavings for tinder. You could also use newspaper (or any paper), dryer lint, or cardboard. For kindling, use smaller pieces of wood, such as twigs and sticks no thicker than 1 inch in diameter (about the thickness of your thumb). Dry or well-seasoned logs will ensure a good burn. Stack the wood in a way that guarantees oxygen can easily reach your flame. Many prefer a teepee or log cabin stacking design. Now, use a heat source to create a flame or spark and apply this to your tinder. Once the tinder combusts, it should light the kindling, and the kindling should eventually ignite your logs. If all goes well, you should now be enjoying your campfire.
Instruction: Who was Manchester United's most successful manager?

Context: Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, six League Cups, and a record 21 FA Community Shields. They have won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League three times, and the UEFA Europa League, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the UEFA Super Cup, the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup once each.[5][6] In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, 10 years after eight of the club's players were killed in the Munich air disaster, they became the first English club to win the European Cup. Sir Alex Ferguson is the club's longest-serving and most successful manager, winning 38 trophies, including 13 league titles, five FA Cups, and two Champions League titles between 1986 and 2013.[7][8] In the 1998–99 season, under Ferguson, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the European treble of the Premier League, FA Cup, and UEFA Champions League.[9] In winning the UEFA Europa League under José Mourinho in 2016–17, they became one of five clubs to have won the original three main UEFA club competitions (the Champions League, Europa League and Cup Winners' Cup).

Response: Manchester United's most successful manager is Sir Alex Ferguson who won 38 trophies including 13 league titles