HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Extract from the following passage two key uses of electricity in modern technology.

Context: Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others.
The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts.
Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for:
a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.

Response: Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for:
a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
Instruction: What was the primary mode of transportation across the San Francisco bay prior to the Golden Gate Bridge?

Context: Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay. A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840s for the purpose of transporting water to San Francisco.

The Sausalito Land and Ferry Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the Golden Gate Ferry Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the largest ferry operation in the world by the late 1920s. Once for railroad passengers and customers only, Southern Pacific's automobile ferries became very profitable and important to the regional economy. The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in San Francisco and Sausalito Ferry Terminal in Marin County took approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle,[when?] a price later reduced to compete with the new bridge. The trip from the San Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes.

Response: The only (practical) way to get across the San Francisco Bay prior to 1937 was by Ferry. The Golden Gate Ferry Company, which became the largest ferry operation by the late 1920's, was established in 1867 as the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company. The ferry would take approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle.
Instruction: How many grandslams are there in Tennis in one year?


Response: There are four grandslams in one year. It starts with Australian open which is played on hard court. Second one is French open which is played on clay court. Third is Wimbledon which is played on grass court and final one is US Open is played on hard court.
Instruction: What is the oldest type of flight technology?


Response: Hot air balloons
Instruction: What is the right size brad nail for crown moulding?


Response: In most cases you can use 18-gauge 2-in brad nails. When choosing the correct size nail you want to consider the thickness of the crown moulding, the thickness of the stud and  the thickness of your drywall.  In most cases your crown moulding will be 1/2 inch with 1/2 inch drywall. At least half of your nail should be in the stud.  If your crown moulding or drywall is thicker than 1/2 inch you should consider a longer nail.
Instruction: What is a crypto (cryptocurrency)?


Response: A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It is a decentralized system for verifying that the parties to a transaction have the money they claim to have, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries, such as banks, when funds are being transferred between two entities.
Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Water buffalo, Eastern honey bee


Response: Eastern honey bee is wild, Water buffalo is domesticated
Instruction: Classify each of the following universities as public or private: Duke, Wake Forest, University of Florida, Florida Atlantic University, University of Alabama, Harvard, Yale


Response: Duke: Private
Wake Forest: Private
University of Florida: Public
Florida Atlantic University: Public
University of Alabama: Public
Harvard: Private
Yale: Private
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Panga or Pangea


Response: Panga
Instruction: From the text, extract the locations in which outrigger vessels are present in. Separate them with commas.

Context: These vessels were the first true ocean-going ships, and are an important part of the Austronesian heritage. They were the vessels that enabled the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan into the islands of both the Indian and Pacific Ocean from around 3000 BC. They comprise the bulk of traditional boats in Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. They have spread to other cultures Austronesians came into contact with, notably in Sri Lanka and southern India as well as in the coast of East Africa. In modern times, outrigger vessels are used in the sport of sailing. Catamaran and trimaran configurations are also widely used for high speed craft.

Response: Taiwan, Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, southern India, East Africa
Instruction: What are some of the natural materials used in construction?

Context: Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.

Response: Clay, rocks, sand and wood are some of the common natural materials used in construction.
Instruction: Given this text give me short summary about Beavers

Context: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.

Response: Here is a short summary about Beavers:
There are two existing species - North American and Eurasian.
They are the second-largest living rodents. 
Physically species of Beaver can vary in terms of fur colour but they all have webbed back feet, hand-like front feet and flat scaly tails. Long chisel-like incisors are a key feature. 
Beavers can be found in freshwater habits. 
They are herbivores.
Instruction: As an immigrant , do you miss your country?


Response: As an immigrant, it feels like you are away from your family. It feels like you work hard to give good life to your family. But with all that sacrifice you want to give best of both worlds to your kid. But when you hear news like shootings in school, as an immigrant we get afraid. I wish if there is a world which is so beautiful that people love each other. They care for each other. There are no rules that always keep you at the edge if you have to uproot your family from one country to another because of visa restrictions and what not. As an immigrant we want to raise our child in the best way possible. I am still looking for such a place on earth. If anyone of you are aware of such a place, please let me know., I hope the world in its entiriety becomes a peaceful, happy clean place to live.
Instruction: Who says Pi is Wrong?


Response: In the early 21st century, Bob Palais (a mathematician) and Michael Hartl (a physicist) declared that Pi, the traditional circle constant, was wrong.  Their argument is that Pi, defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, is not the most effective or clear way to describe the geometry of a circle.

Palais and Hartl contend that the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius is a more useful constant.  They chose to name this new constant Tau.  Arithmetically, Tau = 2*Pi.

They argued that Tau produces cleaner mathematical equations throughout physics, mathematics, and statistics and, further, that it makes it easier to teach trigonometry and analytic geometry to new learners.
Instruction: What are some good ski resorts for beginners?


Response: Most ski resorts have excellent beginner areas (often called bunny hills), which are labeled as "green runs". These areas are also where beginner ski lessons are taught. In some cases, though, beginners prefer to go to smaller or less expensive ski resorts as they are not able to take advantage of the more difficult terrain on a larger mountain. In that case, a smaller, cheaper ski resort might be better for a beginner; these tend to be located on smaller mountains and can often be more convenient to nearby cities and towns, although the snow quality and number of ski runs is often significantly less.
Instruction: Give me a list of 3 of the best movies quotes I've never used


Response: * "Two? Make it three, I'm not driving" - Kevin McCallister (Home Alone 2: Lost in New York)
* "Oh yeah, you blend" - Mona Lisa Vito (My Cousin Vinny)
* "We were just driving by to get some ice cream. Thought you might like to join us." - Buck Russell (Uncle Buck)
Instruction: Who are the most influential female computer scientists of all time?


Response: Ada Lovelace
Grace Hopper
Hedy Lamarr
Annie Easley
Mary Wilkes
Adele Goldberg
Radia Perlman
Katherine Johnson
Instruction: What is Flink?


Response: Apache Flink is an open-source, unified stream-processing and batch-processing framework developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The core of Apache Flink is a distributed streaming data-flow engine written in Java and Scala. Flink executes arbitrary dataflow programs in a data-parallel and pipelined manner.
Instruction: Is the sun a star or a planet?


Response: The sun is not a planet but a star. It is not only the nearest and sole star in our solar system, it also happens to be its center.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as a language or religion: Spanish, Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, Mandarin, Arabic


Response: Spanish: Language
Catholicism: Religion
Islam: Religion
Judaism: Religion
Mandarin: Language
Arabic: Language
Instruction: When did Delaware join the United States?


Response: Delaware was admitted to the union on December 7, 1787.
Instruction: What are the different kind of hits in baseball?


Response: The different kind of hits in baseball are a single, double, triple, and home run.
Instruction: When and where was the first major agitation led by Gandhi, tell me who this agitation was against,  which crop led to this agitation and why this agitation happened.

Context: Gandhi's first major achievement came in 1917 with the Champaran agitation in Bihar. The Champaran agitation pitted the local peasantry against largely Anglo-Indian plantation owners who were backed by the local administration. The peasants were forced to grow indigo (Indigofera sp.), a cash crop for Indigo dye whose demand had been declining over two decades, and were forced to sell their crops to the planters at a fixed price. Unhappy with this, the peasantry appealed to Gandhi at his ashram in Ahmedabad. Pursuing a strategy of nonviolent protest, Gandhi took the administration by surprise and won concessions from the authorities.

Response: First major agitation was in 1917 in Champaran Bihar state. The agitation was against Anglo-Indian plantation owners. Indigo was the crop that led to this agitation and the reason was the lower fixed price for the Indigo crop.
Instruction: Tell me whether these foods need to be refrigerated or be frozen: milk, meat, sea food, fruit


Response: Milk and fruit need to be refrigerated while meat and sea food in general need to be frozen.
Instruction: What is dialtune drums?


Response: Dialtune is a cable tuning system for drums. Using separate dials for the top and bottom heads, drummers can find the exact sound they're looking for faster, change drumheads in under a minute, and explore new creative possibilities without compromise. While Cable tuning is not new, Dialtune has improved upon it with a patented system that makes it the only cable-tuning drum that can independently tune the top and bottom heads using separate dials on either side of the drum. Additionally, changing drumheads doesn't require removing the cable. Dialtune's quick-release hoops make changing a drumhead simple and easy.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Talempong, Guitar


Response: Guitar is string, Talempong is percussion.
Instruction: What are the words of House Baratheon?


Response: "Ours is the Fury"
Instruction: Which is heavier: 1kg of flour or 1kg of steel?


Response: A kilogram (kg) is a unit of weight, so it doesn't matter what material is being weighed - a kilogram will always be equal to a kilogram. Therefore, both weigh the same.
Instruction: What is the California Alpine Club?


Response: The California Alpine Club (CAC) is a membership club with overnight lodges on Mount Tamalpais in Mill Valley, CA and at Echo Lake, which is 20 minutes outside of South Lake Tahoe.
Instruction: The Coquerel's coua species was named after who?

Context: Coquerel's coua (Coua coquereli) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was named in 1867 by the French naturalist Alfred Grandidier in honor of the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel.[2] Coquerel's coua is approximately 40 cm (16 in) in length and has a large blue patch of bare skin around the eye, a characteristic of the Coua genus that is similar to African turacos. The plumage is silky, the crown is black, the upper parts and tail are light brown or greyish-brown, and the lower breast and belly is suffused with red. The iris is red and the beak and legs are slaty grey.[2] As a member of the cuckoo family, it has a reversible third toe and resembles the coucal in its method of scrambling through tangled bushes and lianas while searching for food. Observations indicate that it can climb about 10 m (30 ft) above the ground.[3]

Response: The Coquerel's coua species was named after the French navy surgeon and naturalist Charles Coquerel.
Instruction: How can I get my dog to stop barking?


Response: There are a few ways to reduce the amount your dog. Dogs can bark for few reasons. Perhaps they want your attention, or they might be fearful or anxious and are barking to alert you. Also, barking habits can also be very breed specific. Some breeds are known to be more vocal than other breeds. It's important to try and understand why they are barking to then initiate the proper course of action to address their barking habits. If you believe they are barking for attention, one idea is to make sure you are not rewarding their barking by distracting them with a treat or playtime. By doing this, you are teaching them that if they bark, the dog will get what they want. Instead, you might want to consider a couple items. First, is the dog getting enough exercise or releasing their energy. Increase their stimulation by walking them more, playing with them, or socializing them with other dogs or humans. This added stimulation may reduce their need for attention. If they are barking because they are fearful or anxious, think about what is happening or what the environment is that may be cause their fear or anxiety. Then, try and change the environment or situation so the dog feels safe. One action that may help is providing a safe place for your dog, such as a dog crate or dog bed, so they know exactly what to do when they are afraid or anxious. Training them to go to their safe place may provide the comfort they need to reduce their barking habits.
Instruction: In the 2005 Lexus Cup, how many members did each team have?

Context: The 2005 Lexus Cup was the inaugural edition of the annual golf match competed by women representing Asia and an international squad. Each team was made up of twelve members. The competition took place at the Tanah Merah Country Club in Singapore from 9–11 December 2005. Lexus was he title sponsor while Rolex, DBS, Singapore Airlines, and Singapore Sports Council are main sponsors. The total purse was US$960,000, with $50,000 going to each member of the winning team and $30,000 to members of the other team.

Response: Each team was made up of twelve members.
Instruction: Give me a list of the top clean beauty brands for women in their 20s


Response: -Westman Atelier 
-Ilia 
-Kosas 
-RMS Beauty
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Hornpipe, Gusli


Response: Gusli is string, Hornpipe is woodwind.
Instruction: This table lists the change over time in population of a small town in France. Between  which two consecutive entries from the table did the rate of population growth change the most? Explain your math.

Context: Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1911	752	—    
1962	437	−41.9%
1968	486	+11.2%
1975	398	−18.1%
1982	393	−1.3%
1990	382	−2.8%
1999	395	+3.4%
2008	441	+11.6%

Response: The rate of population growth changed the most between the entries for 1962 and 1968. Between 1911 and 1962, there was a -41.9% change in population, and between 1962 and 1968 there was a +11.2% change in population. The rate of change of population growth was |(−41.9% - +11.2%)| = 53.1% change, which is larger than the absolute difference between any other two consecutive rows in the table.
Instruction: Who spoke at NYU's 2022 commencement?


Response: Taylor Swift spoke at NYU's 2022 commencement.
Instruction: Why is professional wrestling entertaining?


Response: Professional wrestling is one of the best forms of entertainment.  First, it's an incredible display of physical talent.  Professional wrestling and acrobats are showcasing their physical attributes in a partially choregraphed dance.  There is an element of improv in professional wrestling.  Wrestlers often are calling the match as the action happens.  The next set of moves can be greatly influenced from the crowd's reaction.  The "pop" of the crowd, if you will.  Finally, the best wrestlers are ones that are amplified versions of their true selves.  The audience can detect an inauthentic speech on the mic.  Those wrestlers who combine their charisma to their true gimmick are the ones that turn the normal fan to a mark.
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Electro, Black Lightning


Response: Electro is Marvel, Black Lightning is DC
Instruction: Why is JDAM so cost effective?

Context: The Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts unguided bombs, or "dumb bombs", into all-weather precision-guided munitions. JDAM-equipped bombs are guided by an integrated inertial guidance system coupled to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, giving them a published range of up to 15 nautical miles (28 km). JDAM-equipped bombs range from 500 to 2,000 pounds (230 to 910 kg).[1] The JDAM's guidance system was jointly developed by the United States Air Force and United States Navy, hence the "joint" in JDAM.[2] When installed on a bomb, the JDAM kit is given a GBU (Guided Bomb Unit) identifier, superseding the Mark 80 or BLU (Bomb, Live Unit) nomenclature of the bomb to which it is attached.

The JDAM is not a stand-alone weapon; rather it is a "bolt-on" guidance package that converts unguided gravity bombs into precision-guided munitions (PGMs). The key components of the system consist of a tail section with aerodynamic control surfaces, a (body) strake kit, and a combined inertial guidance system and GPS guidance control unit.[2]

The JDAM was meant to improve upon laser-guided bomb and imaging infrared technology, which can be hindered by bad ground and weather conditions. Laser seekers are now being fitted to some JDAMs.[3]

Response: The Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts unguided bombs to precision-guided munitions. There are several reasons why JDAM is one of the most cost effective weapons ever invented.

By using GPS navigation, the JDAM guidance kit can be extremely cheap, as low as $25k/kit.  It is likely cheaper than any other precision-guided weapons.

GPS navigation provides good targeting precision, typically within meters. Combined with blast radius of 500-2000 lbs unguided bombs, JDAM can effectively destroy any targets on the ground.

Because JDAM has navigation capability, pilots no longer need to precisely aim the bombers  against the targets. It allows a bomber to quickly and precisely hit multiple targets along the route.

Some JDAM guidance kits include targeting sensors, such as laser targeting. They can be used against mobile targets, which further increases the use cases for JDAM.

In summary, by combining dumb bombs with a guidance kit, JDAM becomes a very cost effective weapon system, and is widely adopted by the US and other military forces.
Instruction: How does screen printing work?


Response: Screen printing is also referred to as silk screen printing. It is essentially the process of printing an image or artwork onto a surface by pushing ink through a screen. The screens are pulled tight and held in a metal or wood frame. Much like a picture frame. Depending on the detail of the artwork, the screens can have different size weave. The weave is essentially how tight the screen is woven and how large the holes in the screen are. For more detailed designs, the screen used will be woven very close and tight so the holes are very small and let less ink through. This allows for very thin lines and detail. Each screen can print 1 color at a time. So, to print a design with multiple colors, there needs to be multiple screens. 1 screen per color. Many screen printing presses have large rotating arms that hold the screens. The arms rotate for each color to be printed individually.