HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Describe the quantitative easing in 3 bullet points or less.

Context: Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action where a central bank purchases predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate economic activity.[1] Quantitative easing is a novel form of monetary policy that came into wide application after the financial crisis of 2007-2008.[2][3] It is intended to mitigate an economic recession when inflation is very low or negative, making standard monetary policy ineffective. Quantitative tightening (QT) does the opposite, where for monetary policy reasons, a central bank sells off some portion of its holdings of government bonds or other financial assets.

Similar to conventional open-market operations used to implement monetary policy, a central bank implements quantitative easing by buying financial assets from commercial banks and other financial institutions, thus raising the prices of those financial assets and lowering their yield, while simultaneously increasing the money supply. However, in contrast to normal policy, quantitative easing usually involves the purchase of riskier or longer-term assets (rather than short-term government bonds) of predetermined amounts at a large scale, over a pre-committed period of time.[4][5]

Central banks usually resort to quantitative easing when their nominal interest rate target approaches or reaches zero. Very low interest rates induce a liquidity trap, a situation where people prefer to hold cash or very liquid assets, given the low returns on other financial assets. This makes it difficult for interest rates to go below zero; monetary authorities may then use quantitative easing to further stimulate the economy rather than trying to lower the interest rate further.

Quantitative easing can help bring the economy out of recession[6] and help ensure that inflation does not fall below the central bank's inflation target.[7] However QE programmes are also criticized for their side-effects and risks, which include the policy being more effective than intended in acting against deflation (leading to higher inflation in the longer term), or not being effective enough if banks remain reluctant to lend and potential borrowers are unwilling to borrow. Quantitative easing has also been criticized for raising financial asset prices, contributing to inequality.[8] Quantitative easing was undertaken by some major central banks worldwide following the global financial crisis of 2007–08, and again in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[9]

Response: 1- Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy action in which the government buys bonds and other assets to keep long term interest rate low to stimulate the economy.

2- It was introduced after the great financial crisis (GFC) in 2008.

3- It contributes to inequality by raising financial assets.
Instruction: Was Endless Nights released in November or December?

Context: Endless Nights in Aurora (Chinese: 極光之愛) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic drama film directed by Lee Szu-yuan. It stars Rainie Yang and Chris Wang. It was released on December 19, 2014.

Revolving around the romantic relationship of two generations, Alisha and her mother Xiao-feng, two parallel love stories are re-enacted across two and a half decades. With equally heated passion, the star-crossed lovers in different generations are faithfully attached to their experiences in love through promises, anticipation, losses, and forgiveness.

Response: December
Instruction: The reduction in wild grain populations lead to what type of crop being cultivated?

Context: Around 4000 BCE, the Saharan climate started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace.[65] This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification. This, in turn, decreased the amount of land conducive to settlements and encouraged migrations of farming communities to the more tropical climate of West Africa.[65] During the first millennium BCE, a reduction in wild grain populations related to changing climate conditions facilitated the expansion of farming communities and the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.

Response: The reduction in wild grain populations lead to the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.
Instruction: What are some tips for traveling with a toddler?


Response: Toddlers are innately adventurous. They like to explore new things, places and people as it stimulates their brain. With some planning, traveling with a toddler can actually be hugely rewarding. They make memories and get exposed to different cultures, developing more empathy and learning language early on. Here are some tips for making travel easy with a toddler:

1. Carry light weight activities they are currently into. For example, sticker books, coloring or puzzles.
2. Carry a lovey in your backpack/hand luggage.
3. Carry a few of their night time reading books. 
4. Keep energy snacks handy at all times. 
5. Use a carrier if you are going to be outdoors. For example, hiking or trekking.
6. Book a morning flight if it is over 7-8 hours. Book a flight during their nap time if shorter than 7-8 hours.
7. Ask for an upgrade at the airport. 
8. Make them walk at the airport instead of using a stroller, that way they will get tired and sleep in the plane.
Instruction: How long is a running ultra?


Response: The term ultra applies to any foot race longer than a marathon. Any foot race longer than 26.2 miles (or 42 kilometers) is considered an ultra marathon, or an "ultra". Some ultras are measured in distance. Common distances are 50 kilometers, 100 kilometers, and 100 miles. Other ultras are measured in time. In a timed ultra format, participants run as far as they can in a pre-determined amount of time. An example of common timed ultras is the 12 hour format, the 24 hour format, and the 48 hour format. A third category of ultra running races is called "Last Person Standing". These races repeat a 4.167 mile "yard" (loop) each hour until only one person can complete a yard by themselves. That person becomes "the last person standing".
Instruction: Which country is the best at hockey?


Response: Canada is widely considered to be the strongest country in ice hockey. The National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level of competition in the world. About half of NHL players are Canadian.
Instruction: Mention the Record labels Taylor was associated with.

Context: Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting abilities and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles "Cardigan" and "Willow" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single "Anti-Hero" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.
Having sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singers and songwriters.

Response: Taylor Swift was associated with the following record labels:
1. Sony/ATV Music Publishing (2004) 
2. Big Machine Records (2005)
3. Republic Records (2018)
Instruction: What is the best movie of all time


Response: Shawshank Redemption
Instruction: What car manufacturers were associated with American Muscle cars in the 1960s and 1970s?


Response: Chevrolet, Ford, Dodge
Instruction: How does a transistor amplify a signal?


Response: A transistor is a constructed from materials that behave as semiconductors--which is to say that these materials conduct electrical current but only when certain conditions are met. By combining these materials into a device called a transistor we are able to create an electronic component that will only conduct electricity when a small electric current is applied to the so-called Base pin of the transistor.

One obvious use of such behavior is to use the transistor as a switch--by applying or removing current to the base pin we are able to control whether the transistor conducts electricity via its collector and emitter pins. When no current is present at the Base pin the transistor will block electrical transmission through its emitter and collector pins.

Generally speaking, the electrical current required to control the transistor at the base pin is very small. Much larger currents can be transferred through the device through the collector and emitter pins. Thus, in effect, a transistor uses a very small input current to control the flow of a much larger current.

An audio signal, for example, is transmitted as a very low power electrical current--in it's original form it is too small to be able to drive a loudspeaker to make sounds that are audible to the human ear. To amplify this signal so that is usable for audio playback we can apply the audio signal to a transistor's base pin--this will allow a much larger current to flow between the emitter and collector pins and through the transistor. Since the flow of this large current will mirror the much smaller current of the audio signal we will have effectively created a much stronger version of the original input signal.
Instruction: Given this series of navigation instructions, determine whether one would end up back at the starting point: Take 1 step. Take 2 steps. Take 3 steps. Turn around. Take 6 steps. Turn right.


Response: Well, I'd say yes and no. While the person would be at the starting point, he wouldn't be facing the same direction.
Instruction: Why the certain animals called the big five ?


Response: These refer specifically to 5 most dangerous types of animals in Africa, that kill humans. They also sometimes referred to the 5 most dangerous types of animals to hunt in Africa.
Instruction: "The Day the Music Died" refers to the tragic deaths of which artists?


Response: Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper
Instruction: Tell me which of the following are MLB teams: A's, Washing Machines, Ringed Tails, Giants, Yankees, Astros, Phillies, Cherries, Wild.


Response: A's, Giants, Yankees, Astros, Phillies.
Instruction: Could you please help classify these cars as "compact" vs. "midsized"?
Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Honda Civic, Mazda3, Honda Accord, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Prius, Hyundai Sonata


Response: Yes, here is the list:
- Compact Cars: Honda Civic, Mazda3, Toyota Corolla, and Toyota Prius
- Midsized Cars: Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata
Instruction: Was there an industrial revolution during the middle ages?


Response: Most economic historians would argue that an industrial revolution would require widespread use of coal for heating, mechanical power generation, and metal making.  In that sense, there was no medieval industrial revolution.  However, widespread investment in windmills, water wheels, and canals did help the European economy grow and improve the living standards of the average medieval peasant.  Similarly, cross border trade in bulk commodities like wool and wine allowed for an international division of labor, with the associated improvement in productivity and living standards.  By the end of the Middle Ages, mechanical clocks had become ubiquitous: plenty of craftsmen had the precision metalworking skills to build these complex machines, and even more people could afford to buy them.  Not quire an industrial revolution, but certainly a prosperous society taking the first steps towards automation.
Instruction: What is the difference between a microservice and an API?


Response: Microservices is an approach to building an application that breaks its functionality into modular components. APIs are part of an application that communicates with other applications.
Instruction: Suppose you started at 0 degrees N, 0 degrees E on the earth. You started traveling due north, continuing straight for 2439 miles, turned 60 degrees counter-clockwise, traveled another 4878 miles, turned 60 degrees counter-clockwise traveled another 4878 miles, turned 60 degrees once again, and traveled another 4878 miles. At this point where would you be? Please explain the mathematics of how you came to your conclusion.


Response: You would be approximately 35 degrees S, 0 degrees E, or 2439 miles south of your starting position, assuming the earth is a sphere with a circumference of 24,901 miles. After traveling 2439 miles north, you would be at 35 degrees N, 0 degrees E. After turning 60 degrees counter clockwise and traveling 4878 miles, you would be at 35 degrees N, 90 degrees W. Turning 60 degrees counter-clockwise and traveling another 4878 miles, you would arrive at 35 degrees S, 90 degrees W. Finally turning 60 degrees counter-clockwise and traveling 2439 miles you would arrive at 35 degrees S, 0 degrees W. If you returned to your starting position, you will have traced out a spherical square.
Instruction: Which of the following words are conjunctions, and which are prepositions: and, between, but, for, in, of, on, or, under, yet


Response: The following are conjunctions: and, but, or, yet
The following are prepositions: between, for, in, of, on, under
Instruction: name some popular songs from the 1970's


Response: Stayin' Alive, Y.M.C.A, Let's Get it On, I'll be there and Let it be
Instruction: Please extract the names of the 1990s films Adam Sandler was in separating them with commas.

Context: In 1993, Adam Sandler appeared in the film Coneheads with Farley, David Spade, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman, and Jane Curtin. In 1994, he co-starred in Airheads with Brendan Fraser and Steve Buscemi.

Sandler starred in Billy Madison (1995) playing a grown man repeating grades 1–12 to earn back his father's respect and the right to inherit his father's multimillion-dollar hotel empire. The film was successful at the box office despite negative reviews. He followed this film with Bulletproof (1996), and the financially successful comedies Happy Gilmore (1996) and The Wedding Singer (1998). He was initially cast in the bachelor–party–themed comedy/thriller Very Bad Things (1998) but had to back out due to his involvement in The Waterboy (1998), one of his first hits.

Response: The 1990s films Adam Sandler was in include: Coneheads, Airheads, Billy Madison, Bulletproof, Happy Gilmore, The Wedding Singer, The Waterboy.
Instruction: Classify the cities as cities from 'India' or the 'US': Bangalore, Portland, Chicago, Hyderabad, Chennai, Little Rock, NYC, Pune, Gandhinagar, Champaign, Urbana.


Response: The classification in order is: India, US, US, India, India, US, US, India, India, US, US.
Instruction: What is the difference between men's and women's lacrosse


Response: Men's lacrosse is a contact sport and the players wear helmets, shoulder pads, chest protection and elbow pads.  They also have a position of defense called Long Pole where they can defend from far away.  Women's lacrosse does not allow contact between players and the only required equipment is a mouth guard and goggles.  Women's lacrosse relies on the shooting space rule to protect players from potential injury instead of requiring them to wear additional equipment. Another difference is the field dimensions. The women’s field is 120 yards long and 70 yards wide, compared to the men’s field, which is slightly smaller at 110 yards long and 60 yards wide.  Lastly, men play with 9 field players whereas women play with 11.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a state or a city: Los Angeles, California, Houston, Texas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Little Rock, Arkansas


Response: Los Angeles is a city California.
California is a state in the United States of America.
Houston is a city in Texas.
Texas is a state in the United States of America.
Santa Fe is a city in New Mexico.
New Mexico is a state in the United States of America.
Little Rock is a state in Arkansas.
Arkansas is a state in the United States of America.
Instruction: Find what was the population of Indus Valley Civilization from this paragraph

Context: The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.

The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.

The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.

Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered.[18] A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars.

Response: Indus Valley Civilization at its peak had a population between one and five million people.
Instruction: What is family time?


Response: Family during is time where each person in the family is actively engaged in the same activity together.  Family activities like watching a movie together, eating a meal together, going to the circus together, exercising together, or going for a walk is all good family time.  During family time you can share what has been going on in your own life and learn about the other members of your family.  Family time is important to strengthen the bonds you all have with one another.
Instruction: When did the Portuguese royal family move to Brazil?


Response: The Portuguese royal family, along with its court, servants and a library with more than 60,000 books, settled in Brazil between 1808 and 1821, having the first wave of migration starting on November 29th of 1807.
Instruction: Classify the following into countries and cities:India, Mumbai, USA, Seattle, Germany, Berlin, United Kingdom, Australia, Tokyo, Sao Paulo


Response: The following are countries - India, USA, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia
The following are cities - Mumbai, Seattle, Berlin, Tokyo, Sao Paulo
Instruction: What is the best way to build relationships?


Response: The best way to build relationships is to show people your most true authentic self.  Communicate clearly and honestly with integrity.  Show that you care for those people that you have strong relationships with by listening to them, giving honest opinions, and sharing your experiences openly with them.
Instruction: Extract the names of the groups of islands located on the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma.

Context: These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo.

Response: Eastern Group, Central Group, Western Group
Instruction: I want to take a skiing vacation.  Which of the following countries would be suitable for doing this: Switzerland, Cyprus, Kiribati, the United States, Haiti.


Response: Switzerland and the United States are suitable as skiing destinations.  Both countries have mountainous areas with world-renowned ski resorts.  The United States boasts skiing locations in multiple states, including Colorado, California, and Utah.  Switzerland also has some of the most popular ski locations in the world such as Davos.  Cyprus, Kiribati, and Haiti are not suitable skiing destinations, as none of these countries has high mountains that produce enough snow to ski.
Instruction: Think up ways to clean a keyboard.


Response: Some ways to clean a keyboard: use a compressed air can to blow out dust, manually take off each key cap using a specialized key tool and wash them in soap and water, use a dusting brush that is designed for fitting in the keyboard grooves, use an antistatic dusting wipe.