HuggingFaceH4/databricks_dolly_15k huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What causes leaves to change color in fall


Response: Leaves are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. During the spring and summer months when trees are growing, there's an abundance of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves. 

Chlorophyll serves the vital function of capturing sun rays and converting it to energy for the plants i.e, plants food & source of nourishment. In late summer, early fall as the days shorten there's less solar energy and thus Chlorophyll starts to breakdown giving way for other pigments such as Carotenoids to become more obvious and there orange-yellow-red colors to surface giving the trees the famous "fall color" look
Instruction: Imagine you are the last person on Mars. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.


Response: Today was a beautiful day on Mars. The sun was shining brightly and the air was crisp and cool. I was able to take in the beauty of the planet and the sky, which I had never seen before. I felt like I was on another world, but I knew I was still in the same place. I took a walk around the dome and marveled at the beauty of the planet. It was so peaceful and I felt like I was in a dream. I smiled as I thought about how much I was learning about Mars and its inhabitants. It was a great day. Pity it could not last.
Instruction: The Bud Freeman All-Stars featuring Shorty Baker


Response: AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated: "Tenor-sax great Bud Freeman, who is often associated with the Eddie Condon school of Nicksieland, is heard heading an excellent swing quintet for this 1960 studio session. Trumpeter Harold "Shorty" Baker (best known for his periods with Duke Ellington) made too few small-group recordings throughout his life so this is one of his best ... the group plays superior standards and a couple of originals on this fine swing date"
Instruction: What two colors are used in the Canadian flag?

Context: The National Flag of Canada (French: le Drapeau national du Canada),[1] often simply referred to as the Canadian flag or, unofficially, as the maple leaf flag or l'Unifolié (French: [l‿ynifɔlje]; lit. 'the one-leafed'), consists of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of 1∶2∶1, in which is featured a stylized, red, 11-pointed maple leaf charged in the centre.[2] It is the first flag to have been adopted by both houses of Parliament and officially proclaimed by the Canadian monarch as the country's official national flag.[3] The flag has become the predominant and most recognizable national symbol of Canada.

Response: The Canadian flag colors are red and white.
Instruction: Who was the first player sent off during a soccer match?

Context: This is a list of all occasions where a football player was sent off from a FIFA World Cup match due to a foul or misconduct, either as a direct expulsion (red card) or as a second caution (yellow card) within the match.

This list includes all dismissals since the first World Cup in 1930. The use of physical red and yellow cards to respectively indicate dismissals and cautions is a later invention, having been introduced at the 1970 tournament.

Only players are listed, even if they were at the substitutes' bench at the time of the sending off. Managers and other technical staff members are not covered.

Statistics
Plácido Galindo was the first player to be sent off in a World Cup match, playing for Peru against Romania in a 1930 match officiated by Alberto Warnken. Although physical red cards were introduced from 1970, they were not put in practice until the 1974 World Cup, when referee Doğan Babacan sent off Chile's Carlos Caszely during a match against West Germany.
Two players have received red cards twice: Cameroon's Rigobert Song (1994 and 1998) and France's Zinedine Zidane (1998 and 2006).
Five dismissals have taken place during final matches: Argentina's Pedro Monzón and Gustavo Dezotti (both 1990), France's Marcel Desailly (1998) and Zinedine Zidane (2006), and John Heitinga of the Netherlands (2010).
Uruguay's José Batista received the quickest red card, in the first minute in a game against Scotland in 1986.
A few expulsions either took place after the final whistle of the match or were awarded to players at the substitutes' bench (or both), and thus did not reduce the number of players on the pitch during the game. Two of them, that of Leandro Cufré of Argentina (vs Germany, 2006) and that of Denzel Dumfries of the Netherlands (vs Argentina, 2022), took place after the penalty shoot-outs of knockout matches, making them the latest red cards.
Three goalkeepers have been sent off in the tournament: Italy's Gianluca Pagliuca (1994), South Africa's Itumeleng Khune (2010), and Wales's Wayne Hennessey (2022).
The match with the most dismissals was Portugal vs Netherlands of 2006, when referee Valentin Ivanov dished out 4 red cards, 2 for each team.
The referee who has sent off the most players is Arturo Brizio Carter, 7 red cards, in 5 different matches (also a record).
The team that has the greatest number of expulsed players is Brazil, with 11 – in 9 different matches, a record shared with Argentina. The team whose opponents have received the most red cards is Germany (incl. West Germany), with 20 – in 18 different matches, also a record.
The 2006 World Cup had the highest amount of red cards: a total of 28 players were sent off (in 20 matches, also a record).

Response: Plácido Galindo was the first player to be sent off in a World Cup match, playing for Peru against Romania in a 1930 match officiated by Alberto Warnken. Although physical red cards were introduced from 1970, they were not put in practice until the 1974 World Cup, when referee Doğan Babacan sent off Chile's Carlos Caszely during a match against West Germany.
Instruction: Which of the following grow on trees?: apples, lemons, potatoes, carrots


Response: Apples and lemons grow on trees
Instruction: How can I change a bad habit?


Response: Each habit has a trigger event, an action you subconsciously take after the trigger event happens, and the reward that make you keep following the same habit. When you say a habit is bad, it actually means the action you take after the trigger event is something you do not want to keep doing.

An effective way to make changes is to replace the action to something different. To make this alternative action effective, this action will need to also produce the reward that your brain is seeking for. 

In order to find an effective alternative action, you will need to understand what is your trigger and what is the reward. 

Figuring out the trigger is the first step. You can try to think about what happened when you started to take actions. One way to find the pattern is to write down what happened. Then, you can look at them to find the pattern. 

Once you find out the trigger, you can try to remind you to change your action after experiencing the trigger event. With your changed action, you will be able to gradually figure out the reward hidden in your old habit. Some actions will not give you the satisfying feeling like old time. After some try-and-error, you can likely tell the new action that actually gives you the same satisfying feeling. Then, you can keep following the new action. Essentially, this new action helps you form the new habit, which suppress the old habit. 

Finally, please note that when you are having extra stress, you may find it is harder to follow the new habit and start to worry about picking up the old habit again. Please trust yourself to keep the new habit. You faith will help you push through difficult situations.
Instruction: Give me some of the most famous characters Marvel Comics has produced from this list.

Context: Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States.[4] Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.

Response: Some of the most famous characters Marvel have produced include Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, and Wolverine. These characters are often affiliated with teams of superheroes, such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy.
Instruction: Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of gravel bikes in the bay area.


Response: For many years, cycling has been a staple in the bay area. Its temperate climate, easy access to nature, and bike-friendly sentiment have fostered a steady growth of interest in the sport, especially with the rise of COVID creating a shift toward distanced outdoor activities in recent years. Traditionally, cycling has had three modalities: mountain biking, road biking, and cyclocross. Recently, a fourth modality, gravel biking, has had a rapid rise in popularity.
Instruction: What are some interesting facts about tigers?


Response: 1. Tiger stripes are unique.
2. Tigers can use their ears to communicate.
3. India has over half the world's population of tigers.
4. Only one in ten hunts are successful.
Instruction: How many full-length "The X-Files" movies are there?


Response: Two: "The X-Files: Fight the Future" and "The X-Files: I Want to Believe"
Instruction: Classify each of the following music genres as broadly popular or niche: Rock, Hip Hop, Pop,   Heavy Metal, Bluegrass, Country


Response: Broadly Popular: Rock, Hip Hop, Pop. Niche: Heavy Metal, Bluegrass, Country.
Instruction: What is the difference between a bath and a shower?


Response: While both a bath and a shower are common ways to get clean, they involve different processes. A bath is when someone fills a tub and immerses themselves in it, whereas a shower is when someone stands under a steady stream of water in order to get clean.
Instruction: What is the national bird of India


Response: The Peacock
Instruction: What is insurance?


Response: Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss in which, in exchange for a fee, a party agrees to compensate another party in the event of a certain loss, damage, or injury. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss.

An entity which provides insurance is known as an insurer, insurance company, insurance carrier, or underwriter. A person or entity who buys insurance is known as a policyholder, while a person or entity covered under the policy is called an insured. The insurance transaction involves the policyholder assuming a guaranteed, known, and relatively small loss in the form of a payment to the insurer (a premium) in exchange for the insurer's promise to compensate the insured in the event of a covered loss. The loss may or may not be financial, but it must be reducible to financial terms. Furthermore, it usually involves something in which the insured has an insurable interest established by ownership, possession, or pre-existing relationship.
Instruction: What are the steps to put an elephant into a fridge?


Response: Wake up. You can't afford a fridge.
Instruction: Tell me whether each of these refers to the book called "Don Quixote": "Don Quixote", "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha", "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha", "El Quijote", "The Man Who Killed Don Quixote", "Don Quixote, Knight Errant"


Response: "Don Quixote" - yes 
"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha" - yes
"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha" - yes 
"El Quijote" - yes 
"Don Quijote" - yes
"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote" - no
"Don Quixote, Knight Errant" - no
Instruction: Given a reference text about Will Ferrell, tell me where he kickstarted his career, what group of comic actors he is considered part of, and how many Golden Globe Award nominations he has.

Context: John William Ferrell (/ˈfɛrəl/;[1] born July 16, 1967)[2][3] is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer. Ferrell first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, where he performed from 1995 to 2002, and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Elf (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Kicking & Screaming (2005), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Semi-Pro (2008), Step Brothers (2008), and Land of the Lost (2009). He founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 with his writing partner Adam McKay. Other notable film roles include Stranger than Fiction (2006), The Other Guys (2010), The Campaign (2012), Get Hard (2015), Holmes & Watson (2018), and the animated films Curious George (2006), Megamind (2010) and The Lego Movie film franchise (2014–2019).

Ferrell is considered a member of the "Frat Pack", a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s, including Jack Black, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Vince Vaughn, Paul Rudd, and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson. He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live, and three Golden Globe Award nominations for acting in The Producers (2005) and Stranger than Fiction (2006) and for producing Vice (2018). He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards. Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 24, 2015.

Response: Will Ferrell kickstarted his career on the NBC sketch comedy series "Saturday Night Live". He is considered part of the "Frat Pack", and has received three Golden Globe Award nominations.
Instruction: How long is a mile?


Response: One mile is 5,280 feet.
Instruction: Name a few Bhakti poets from the passage.

Context: The Bhakti movement of late medieval Hinduism started in the 7th century, but rapidly expanded after the 12th century.[64] It was supported by the Puranic literature such as the Bhagavata Purana, poetic works, as well as many scholarly bhasyas and samhitas.[65][66][67]This period saw the growth of Vashnavism Sampradayas (denominations or communities) under the influence of scholars such as Ramanujacharya, Vedanta Desika, Madhvacharya and Vallabhacharya.[68] Bhakti poets or teachers such as Manavala Mamunigal, Namdev, Ramananda, Sankardev, Surdas, Tulsidas, Eknath, Tyagaraja, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and many others influenced the expansion of Vaishnavism.Even Meera (princess of Mehwar and Rajasthan) took part in this specific movement.[69][70][71] These Vaishnavism sampradaya founders rejected Shankara's doctrines of Advaita Vedanta, particularly Ramanuja in the 12th century, Vedanta Desika and Madhva in the 13th, building their theology on the devotional tradition of the Alvars (Sri Vaishnavas).[72]In North and Eastern India, Vaishnavism gave rise to various late Medieval movements Ramananda in the 14th century, Sankaradeva in the 15th and Vallabha and Chaitanya in the 16th century. Historically, it was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu who founded congregational chanting of holy names of Krishna in the early 16th century after becoming a sannyasi.[73]

Response: Manavala Mamunigal, Namdev, Ramananda, Sankardev, Surdas, Tulsidas, Eknath, Tyagaraja, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Instruction: Why is basketball the fastest growing sport in the world?


Response: Basketball is the fastest growing sport in the world because of the growth the NBA has had globally over the past few years. With popularity rising in other countries like China, India, Africa and many more it has seen a boom in many talented players who has come from different parts of the world. It will continue to grow as current NBA stars such as Lebron James and Stephen Curry have become global ambassadors of the sport.
Instruction: What is the difference between Malayalam and Malayalaee?


Response: Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken in the southern state of Kerala, India. it is closely related to Tamil though the origins of the language themselves are still disputed among scholars. Malayalaee (or Malayali), on the other hand, is a term used to denote a person originating from Kerala. The term Keralite is also often used as an alternative term to denote someone hailing from Kerala.
Instruction: How does interest rates and inflation impact bond prices?


Response: Interest rates have an inverse effect on bond prices. Typically as the interest rate go up, the existing bonds that were sold previously at a certain maturity and coupon, now stands devalued as investors can get a newer bond for higher interest payments.  Similarly during inflation as Fed tries to control inflation by raising interest rates it has the inverse effect on bond prices. It is important to note that not all bonds react the same way to interest rates. For example, short term interest rate bonds may feel the impact almost immediately while long term bonds may have a gradual but likely to see more impactful price change. It is important to note that there are Treasury Inflation protected securities, a type of a bond that adjust principal value of the bond based on inflation.
Instruction: Why is pickleball the greatest sport on the planet?


Response: Pickleball is a wonderful sport, though it is arguable if it is the greatest sport on the planet. Pickeball requires little skill to get started, you simply need to be able to hit a ball with a raquet and move around a small court. Pickeball is a cross between ping pong and tennis but is simpler. It gets you moving and is fast-paced without requiring significant kill or practice. Pickleball is a social sport, it is usually played in groups of two or four and people generally play multiple games in a setting.
Instruction: Extract the areas of science using differential equations in this text in an alphabetically ordered list.

Context: A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders. Differential equations play a prominent role in engineering, physics, economics, biology, and other disciplines.

Differential equations arise in many areas of science and technology, specifically whenever a deterministic relation involving some continuously varying quantities (modelled by functions) and their rates of change in space or time (expressed as derivatives) is known or postulated. This is illustrated in classical mechanics, where the motion of a body is described by its position and velocity as the time value varies. Newton's laws allow one (given the position, velocity, acceleration and various forces acting on the body) to express these variables dynamically as a differential equation for the unknown position of the body as a function of time. In some cases, this differential equation (called an equation of motion) may be solved explicitly.

Response: Here is a list of alphabetically sorted applications of differential equations:
- Biology
- Economics
- Engineering
- Physics
Instruction: What are calibration frames in astrophotography?


Response: Calibration frames are additional exposures used to improve the quality of astrophotography images and reduce noise from outside sources. There are three common types of calibration frames used, Dark Frames, Bias Frames, and Flat Frames. From thermal noise and hot pixels to sensor readout noise and uneven field illumination, each type of calibration frame tries to reduce a specific type of noise from the initial images. These calibration frames are normally taken alongside your images while the camera is in the same configuration and temperature and are then subtracted from the initial images reducing the noise and improving the quality.
Instruction: Write 5 distinct, unique and creative statements that help someone think about Friedrich Nietzsche's "Beyond Good & Evil", which critically analyzes the idea of binaries in complexity


Response: 1. Black and white movies contain a high number of greyscale pixels.
2. The scientific community in the 21st century embraces that for some complex diagnoses, the evaluation should be placed on a spectrum.
3. The point-forward is an especially valuable basketball position that is never found on an official roster, which only contains guards and forwards. 
4. Those who write intelligently are often verbose and those who write simply are often grammatically incorrect; the best sentences are simple and intelligent. 
5.  The wealthiest people went to elite universities where in some cases 90 percent of students are denied but some say "C students run the world".
Instruction: What civilization built temples across the Yucatan peninsula?


Response: The Mayan civilization was based in the Yucatan peninsula
Instruction: Why do we say tip of the iceberg?


Response: Majority of Icebergs size/mass tends to be submerged under water. So, their size is misleading when seen from above surface. 
So the expression tip of the iceberg refers to a big issue when we see only a small part of it.
Instruction: Classify the following as either airplanes or helicopters:
- EC-135
- DC-10
- Antonov An 225
- Boeing 787
- Bell 206
- MD-500
- MD-11
- Airbus A320
- Airbus H165
- Cessna 172


Response: Airplanes:
- McDonnell Douglas DC-10
- Antonov An-225
- Boeing 787
- MD-11
- Airbus A320
- Cessna 172

Helicopters:
- Bell 206
- Robinson R44
- MD-500
- Airbus H165
Instruction: Think of things to do in a place with cold winters. Provide answer as a bullet list.


Response: - Build a snowman
- Have a snowball fight
- Go sledding
- Go skiing
- Go skating
- Go snowshoeing
Instruction: If you are considering buying a bicycle consider your budget, look up the reviews online, talk to friends, and test them out!


Response: When considering what bicycle you would like to buy, I strongly encourage you to test them out! Then take into consideration color, type, durability, comfort, cost and reviews.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Wobble board, Scheitholt


Response: Scheitholt is string, Wobble board is percussion.
Instruction: What is a Fully paid share?


Response: A share becomes fully paid when the company issuing it has received all the money due for the share.
Instruction: Who is the company Novartis

Context: Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).[1] Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.[4][5]

Response: Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).

Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Cimboa, Sipsi


Response: Sipsi is woodwind, Cimboa is string.
Instruction: Classify each country as "African" or "European": Nigeria, Rwanda, Portugal, Romania, Ghana, Ukraine


Response: Nigeria: African
Rwanda: African
Portugal: European
Romania: European
Ghana: African
Ukraine: European
Instruction: What was Charles Dickens last (unfinished) novel


Response: Mystery of Edwin
Drood