Model: tomaarsen/splade-modernbert-base-miriad
Author: tomaarsen
Pipeline: feature-extraction
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, modernbert, sparse-encoder, sparse, splade, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:100000, loss:SpladeLoss, loss:SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss, loss:FlopsLoss, feature-extraction, en, dataset:tomaarsen/miriad-4.4M-split, arxiv:1908.10084, arxiv:2205.04733, arxiv:1705.00652, arxiv:2004.05665, base_model:answerdotai/ModernBERT-base, base_model:finetune:answerdotai/ModernBERT-base, license:apache-2.0, model-index, co2_eq_emissions, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
Card metadata: language: en
license: apache-2.0
tags: sentence-transformers, sparse-encoder, sparse, splade, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:100000, loss:SpladeLoss, loss:SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss, loss:FlopsLoss
base_model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
widget: He does it right, but there are times that he doesn't (Joana) Let's go there and pee? Because she does not want to wear a diaper, she rips off her diaper (Filomena). The family caregiver may understand this action as a "pang" and "tantrum", and "forget" that these episodes are part of the clinical picture of dementia. Conflicts related to incontinence and other difficult-to-manage symptoms eventually lead to a variety of interpretations, and past history of the emotional relationship between the elderly and the family caregiver can cause older emotional issues to surface again in these episodes.

 With psycho-functional limitations, new demands arise that can be distressing for those who care because of affective involvement. Subjective constructions are fundamental elements in upkeeping the relationship of care 10 .

 Besides the psychological aspect involved in the loss of identity and the specific cognitive aspects of dementia, some behavioral and psychiatric changes are important even in the consultation with the ESF professionals: psychotic symptoms, agitation and aggression, mood swings, disinhibited behavior and euphoria, apathy and insomnia. Some studies [11] [12] [13] pointed out the significant association between the presence of apathy and a faster cognitive and functional decline in these patients. Another very relevant situation regarding the appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms is the association of these symptoms with the institutionalization and shorter patient survival. They also showed that the highest Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score was signifi-cantly associated with more severe cognitive impairment, greater caregiver distress, and higher cost, but was not associated with a formal diagnosis of dementia performed by the primary care physician.

 Changed behaviors and even risky behaviors, such as turning on the gas switch and not turning off, stirring in pots on a hot stove, or ingestion of liquids or toxic materials are situations in the face of neuropsychiatric manifestations in dementia. Filomena reports several neuropsychiatric symptoms of her husband. She compares his behavior to that of children who explore the environment to discover the cause and effect of things and the sensations obtained by the senses. Her role in this context resembles that of a mother trying to prevent the child from getting hurt: He lights up the gas switch, he's just like a child, sometimes he starts to eat the slipper, I have to get it out of his mouth.

 Hallucination is another neuropsychiatric symptom described by family caregivers. Joana reports that when the husband talks to people who have died, the family members feel fear and distance themselves. Filomena has fun when her mother speaks with those who have died: "She talks to those who have passed away, she sends the dog out, which does not exist". Each family caregiver experiences the symptoms presented by the dementia in a unique way, and ways to address and interpret this phenomenon and give meaning to their experience.

 The negative development of dementia perceived by Celina, Filomena, Maria, Teresa and Joana show that the disease follows a course that transcends the biological event itself. The dementia process evidences psychological and sociocultural constructions permeated by meanings and interpretations according to those who live and those who maintain interpersonal relationships with the elderly person with dementia.

 In the discourse of family caregivers, seniors with dementia have aggressive behaviors such as agitation, spitting, cursing, clawing, throwing objects, revealing a level of aggression that can impact the feelings and interpretations produced during the care routine. Freud 14 affirms that human instincts are of two types: Those who tend to preserve and unite, which we call 'erotic' [...] with a deliberate expansion of the popular conception of 'sexuality'; and those who tend to destroy and kill, which we group as an aggressive or destructive instinct. All actions in human life involve the confluence of these two instincts of preservation and destruction. The ideal situation for life in society would be the dominance of reason over the instinctual life controlling destructive impulses, which is utopian. In this perspective, aggressiveness is inherent in the human condition.

 In seniors with dementia with a declining psychological realm of the Self, the progressive loss of identity and the repercussion of cognitive decline, an actual decline in the rational realm of psychic life emerges. This decline refers to the cerebral aspect of inhibitory control and social cognition, showing that the emergence of aggressive behaviors is related to the biological component. The declining reason turns its demands and needs into instinctual acts and more basic reflexes, and can produce a continuous imbalance in the expression between the instincts of preservation and aggression.

 Aggressiveness can be triggered by situations of frustration, when they do not get what they want, when they are afraid or consider some humiliating situation, when they are exposed to environmental overstimulation or feel any physical pain or side effects from medication., Neurosurgery is of great interest to historians of medicine and technology because it is relatively young, because it developed in an era of journals and publications, because lines and traditions of training and mentorship are relatively clear, and because the technologies that enabled the evolution of the profession and acted as inflection points in the emergence of certain surgical approaches and procedures are at once well documented and remarkably unambiguous. To the extent that is the case for neurosurgery as a whole, it is even more so for surgery of the skull base.

 To trace the history of skull base surgery along its full expanse is to begin with Horsley and pituitary tumors (unless one wants to start even earlier with the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia); to move to Cushing's work in the same arena (but also that of many others as well); to emphasize the impact of microsurgical techniques and new imaging modalities; to outline once radically innovative, but now widely practiced anatomical approaches to the skull base; to emphasize the importance of team approaches; to discuss emerging therapeutic strategy as well as instrumentation and techniques; to acknowledge the importance of advances in neuroanesthesia and the medical and perioperative care of the neurosurgical patient; and to recognize the contributions of the many individuals who, over the past 25 years, have added to and furthered the field in these and other ways.

 It is not hard to point to leading individuals and important techniques. It is perhaps more difficult to frame them in a meaningful historical perspective because the work has occurred relatively recently, in the time frame historians call "near history." Difficulties arise from both an evaluative and a nosological standpoint. For example, from an evaluative standpoint, how does one stratify the relative importance of corticosteroids, osmotic diuretics, and CSF drainage techniques and technologies in the control of intracranial pressure and the facilitation of exposure for base of skull surgery? How does one think about the idea of hybrid surgery and stereotactic radiation? What will be the long-term view of anatomical approaches to giant basilar aneurysms in the light of endovascular surgery? Have we reached a tipping point in the management of vestibular schwannomas, given the availability of and the outcomes associated with stereotactic radiosurgery?

 From a nosological standpoint, should we think about base of skull surgery in terms of anatomical approaches? One textbook that does just that starts with subfrontal approaches and then moves around the calvaria and down to the petrous and temporal region in a Cook's tour of exposure, in the tradition of Henry's Extensile Exposure and comparable surgical classics. 1, 6 Other publications have explored a set of technologies. 5, 7, 10 Another focuses on the contribution of great men. 9 Many surgeons have written about specific particular pathologies at the skull base.

 Introduction their colleagues write about the premodern period. Elhadi and colleagues also comment on the introduction of radiography in early neurosurgery. Gross and Grossi and their colleagues concentrate on petrosal approaches; Schmitt and Jane on third ventriculostomy; and Chittiboina and colleagues on the history of a very simple but ubiquitous instrument, the Freer elevator, and its inventor. In contrast to the more comprehensive overviews written by Goodrich, Donald, and others, these essays concentrate on selected details. While it is important not to miss the forest for the trees, sometimes the trees are worth studying no less than the forest. 

 The authors report no conflict of interest., How do neuromediators contribute to the pathogenesis of pruritus in AD?
, Pericardial effusion (PE) is a life-threatening condition, as accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac can lead to cardiac tamponade and fatal shock. 1, 2 PE is often associated with an underlying disease or condition, and the causes can vary widely. 3, 4 Pericardiocentesis performed by needle (with or without echoguidance), and various surgical procedures (including subxiphoid pericardial tube drainage, pericardial window performed through a left anterior thoracotomy, or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) can alleviate PE. 5 Our retrospective clinical experiences of treating PE with subxiphoid pericardiostomy are presented in this study.

 We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent subxiphoid pericardiostomy to treat persistent symptomatic PE in our clinic between 1990 and 2000. Echocardiography (ECG) was used to diagnose PE and N Becit, A Özyazicioglu, M Ceviz et al.

 determine the size of the effusion. A diastolic echo-free space of < 10 mm between the left ventricular posterior wall and pericardium was determined as mild PE, 10 -20 mm as moderate, and > 20 mm as severe PE. Patients with cardiac tamponade and/or moderate to severe PE were treated by subxiphoid pericardiostomy and tube drainage.

 Some patients with pre-operative tuberculosis were treated with an adult fourdrug regimen (isoniazid, 300 mg/day and rifampin, 600 mg/day for 12 months, streptomycin, 1 g/day for 2 months, and pyrazinamide, 2 g/day for 3 months) preoperatively. The effusion was drained after a 3-week course of anti-tuberculosis therapy. In these, and patients diagnosed with tuberculous pericarditis, the tuberculosis therapy regimen was given for 12 months post-operatively.

 The technique used for subxiphoid pericardiostomy (described previously 3 ) was performed under general anaesthetic, or local anaesthesia and sedation. General anaesthesia was preferred in children and was induced with 1.5 mg/kg ketamine. Neuromuscular block was achieved with 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium, and anaesthesia maintained with 60% N 2 O, 40% O 2 and 0.5 -1.0% isoflurane. Local anaesthetic (2% lidocaine solution) was injected into the dermal and subdermal layers, and sedation and analgesia was provided by 1 mg/kg ketamine intravenously. A piece of anterior pericardium, approximately 2 -4 cm in diameter, was excised under direct vision and submitted for histopathological analysis. The pericardial cavity was decompressed and fluid samples were collected for culture and cytological analysis. To prevent acute cardiac dilatation during decompression of the pericardial cavity, intravenous digoxin was administered and the pericardial cavity was decompressed gradually.

 The pericardial cavity was examined under direct vision and/or by digital examination to detect any tumour or adhesions. Gentle digital lysis of adhesions and opening of loculations were performed as needed, to enhance satisfactory drainage. A soft chest tube was placed in the pericardial cavity, lateral to the right ventricle, after pericardiotomy for post-operative drainage. It was connected to an underwater sealed system, and was removed when fluid drainage ceased.

 Patients with mild haemorrhagic effusion and cardiac tamponade, due to trauma or invasive cardiac interventions, were considered haemodynamically unstable and unsuitable for surgical subxiphoid pericardiostomy, even under local anaesthetic. These patients underwent pericardiocentesis in the intensive care unit, which provided immediate relief. Subxiphoid pericardiostomy was performed later if haemorrhagic PE persisted. Patients were followed, with physical examinations and ECG, in the outpatient clinic for at least 1 year.

 Numerical results are given as mean ± SD. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions between groups (comparison of the rates of recurrence and constriction between patient groups with uraemic pericarditis, tuberculous pericarditis and non-tuberculous bacterial pericarditis). The McNemar test was used for comparison of proportions within one group (to assess the significance of rates of recurrence and constriction in patients with tuberculous pericarditis). Statistical differences were considered significant if P < 0.05., Henry M. Blumberg, MD In this issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, a potpourri of tuberculosis (TB)-related articles are being published. 1-7 Tuberculosisrelated issues have been an important focus for the past decade for those in infection control and hospital epidemiology, especially in urban areas where the large majority of TB cases occur, 8 but also, because of federal regulations, for those in low-endemic areas or areas where no TB cases occur (approximately half of the counties in the United States).

 The resurgence of TB beginning in the mid1980s in the United States (in large part, due to failure and underfunding of the public health infrastructure and to the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) and outbreaks of TB have highlighted the risk of nosocomial transmission of TB. 9,10 These outbreaks affected both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. The fact that outbreaks in New York and Miami, among others, involved multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that were associated with high morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals punctuated the importance of effective TB infection control measures. Commingling of patients with unsuspected TB and those who were quite immunosuppressed led to amplification of nosocomial transmission. A decade ago, few institutions were prepared for the changing epidemiology of TB.

 Several recent studies have demonstrated that infection control measures are effective in preventing nosocomial transmission of TB, 11-13 and two reports in this issue, from institutions in Kentucky 1 and New York, 2 provide additional data on decreases in HCW tuberculin skin-test (TST) conversions following implementation of TB infection control measures. In most studies, multiple interventions (administrative controls, environmental controls, and respiratory protection) were initiated at approximately the same time, making it more difficult to identify the most crucial aspect of the program. The importance of TB infection control measures in contributing to the decline in TB cases in the United States, as well as the reduction in the number of MDR-TB cases in New York City, often has been understated. Increased federal funding for TB control activities and expansion of directly observed therapy clearly are important in efforts to prevent TB, but the initial decline in TB cases and in MDR TB in the United States beginning in 1993 likely was due, in large part, to interruption of TB transmission within healthcare facilities. Unfortunately, increased funding for TB control in the United States in the last 5 years often has not trickled down to inner-city hospitals, which frequently are the first line in the battle against TB.

 From our experience and that of others, it appears clear that administrative controls are the most important component of a TB infection control program. At Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, we were able to decrease TB exposure episodes markedly and concomitantly to decrease HCW TST conversions after implementing an expanded respiratory isolation policy. 11 We continue to isolate appropriately approximately 95% of those subsequently diagnosed with TB. We were able to reduce TST conver-sion rates markedly during a period of time in which we had isolation rooms that would be considered suboptimal by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines 14 (rooms that were under negative pressure but had less than six air changes per hour) and were using submicron masks. Implementation of better-engineered isolation rooms (>12 air changes per hour) with the completion of renovations to the hospital may have put us in better compliance with regulatory agencies and made the staff feel more secure, but has had little impact on further reducing low rates of HCW TST conversions. In addition, the termination of outbreaks and reduction of TST conversion rates at several institutions took place before introduction of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved masks and fit testing. 2,15,16 United States healthcare institutions are required by regulatory mandates to develop a "respiratory protection program" (including fit testing), which can be time-consuming, expensive, and logistically difficult. 17 Data published to date suggest that the impact of formal fit testing on proper mask use is small. 18 These federal mandates also have turned some well-meaning (trying to comply fully with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] regulations) but misguided infection control practitioners into "facial hair police." These types of processes divert time, effort, and resources away from what truly is effective in preventing nosocomial transmission of TB, as well as from other important infection control activities such as preventing nosocomial bloodstream infections or transmission of highly resistant pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus or preparing for the onslaught of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. At a time when US healthcare institutions are under enormous pressure due to healthcare reform, market forces, and managed care, it is essential that federal regulatory agencies look carefully at scientific data when issuing regulations.
datasets: tomaarsen/miriad-4.4M-split
pipeline_tag: feature-extraction
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics: dot_accuracy@1, dot_accuracy@3, dot_accuracy@5, dot_accuracy@10, dot_precision@1, dot_precision@3, dot_precision@5, dot_precision@10, dot_recall@1, dot_recall@3, dot_recall@5, dot_recall@10, dot_ndcg@10, dot_mrr@10, dot_map@100, query_active_dims, query_sparsity_ratio, corpus_active_dims, corpus_sparsity_ratio
co2_eq_emissions: emissions: 466.92385035517924
energy_consumed: 1.201238610439821
source: codecarbon
training_type: fine-tuning
on_cloud: no
cpu_model: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K
ram_total_size: 31.777088165283203
hours_used: 3.648
hardware_used: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090
model-index: name: ModernBERT-base trained on MIRIAD question-passage tuples
results: task: type: sparse-information-retrieval
name: Sparse Information Retrieval
dataset: name: miriad eval
type: miriad_eval
metrics: type: dot_accuracy@1
value: 0.7637
name: Dot Accuracy@1
verified: no, type: dot_accuracy@3
value: 0.8827
name: Dot Accuracy@3
verified: no, type: dot_accuracy@5
value: 0.921
name: Dot Accuracy@5
verified: no, type: dot_accuracy@10
value: 0.9529
name: Dot Accuracy@10
verified: no, type: dot_precision@1
value: 0.7637
name: Dot Precision@1
verified: no, type: dot_precision@3
value: 0.2942333333333333
name: Dot Precision@3
verified: no, type: dot_precision@5
value: 0.18420000000000003
name: Dot Precision@5
verified: no, type: dot_precision@10
value: 0.09529000000000001
name: Dot Precision@10
verified: no, type: dot_recall@1
value: 0.7637
name: Dot Recall@1
verified: no, type: dot_recall@3
value: 0.8827
name: Dot Recall@3
verified: no, type: dot_recall@5
value: 0.921
name: Dot Recall@5
verified: no, type: dot_recall@10
value: 0.9529
name: Dot Recall@10
verified: no, type: dot_ndcg@10
value: 0.8608825121621456
name: Dot Ndcg@10
verified: no, type: dot_mrr@10
value: 0.8310868650793611
name: Dot Mrr@10
verified: no, type: dot_map@100
value: 0.8329835578835487
name: Dot Map@100
verified: no, type: query_active_dims
value: 37.72439956665039
name: Query Active Dims
verified: no, type: query_sparsity_ratio
value: 0.9992510244685783
name: Query Sparsity Ratio
verified: no, type: corpus_active_dims
value: 154.51100158691406
name: Corpus Active Dims
verified: no, type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
value: 0.9969323578147452
name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
verified: no, task: type: sparse-information-retrieval
name: Sparse Information Retrieval
dataset: name: miriad test
type: miriad_test
metrics: type: dot_accuracy@1
value: 0.769
name: Dot Accuracy@1
verified: no, type: dot_accuracy@3
value: 0.8864
name: Dot Accuracy@3
verified: no, type: dot_accuracy@5
value: 0.9186
name: Dot Accuracy@5
verified: no, type: dot_accuracy@10
value: 0.9519
name: Dot Accuracy@10
verified: no, type: dot_precision@1
value: 0.769
name: Dot Precision@1
verified: no, type: dot_precision@3
value: 0.2954666666666666
name: Dot Precision@3
verified: no, type: dot_precision@5
value: 0.18372000000000002
name: Dot Precision@5
verified: no, type: dot_precision@10
value: 0.09519000000000002
name: Dot Precision@10
verified: no, type: dot_recall@1
value: 0.769
name: Dot Recall@1
verified: no, type: dot_recall@3
value: 0.8864
name: Dot Recall@3
verified: no, type: dot_recall@5
value: 0.9186
name: Dot Recall@5
verified: no, type: dot_recall@10
value: 0.9519
name: Dot Recall@10
verified: no, type: dot_ndcg@10
value: 0.8625621467277015
name: Dot Ndcg@10
verified: no, type: dot_mrr@10
value: 0.8336915079365048
name: Dot Mrr@10
verified: no, type: dot_map@100
value: 0.8357294066937451
name: Dot Map@100
verified: no, type: query_active_dims
value: 37.43439865112305
name: Query Active Dims
verified: no, type: query_sparsity_ratio
value: 0.9992567821106432
name: Query Sparsity Ratio
verified: no, type: corpus_active_dims
value: 155.40550231933594
name: Corpus Active Dims
verified: no, type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
value: 0.9969145985085901
name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
verified: no
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Created: 2025-06-16 20:04:32