Model: UmarAzam/bert-base-uncased-industrialtech
Author: UmarAzam
Pipeline: sentence-similarity
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, bert, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, dense, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:81516, loss:DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss, en, dataset:UmarAzam/wikipedia_subsets, arxiv:1908.10084, arxiv:2104.06979, base_model:google-bert/bert-base-uncased, base_model:finetune:google-bert/bert-base-uncased, model-index, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: google-bert/bert-base-uncased
Card metadata: language: en
tags: sentence-transformers, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, dense, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:81516, loss:DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss
base_model: google-bert/bert-base-uncased
widget: source_sentence: drive blades sufficient RPM to flight . Rotor overspeed which can over-stress rotor pitch bearings brinelling) and, if severe enough, blade from the aircraft . and tree strikes due to low altitude and take-offs and landings . in which the aircraft unintentionally lack of . Mast List fatal records See also Notes Footnotes Bibliography, R. The God Machine From Boomerangs to Black Hawks The Story the Helicopter York Bantam 2007., . des du savant . Paris: Les Usuels . Francillon, René J. Douglas since II London:, . Frawley Gerard The International Directory of Civil Aircraft,, Canberra Act Australia: Publications Pty Ltd., 155. Munson, . Helicopters and other Rotorcraft 1907 . Blandford Publishing 1968. Flying Handbook Washington: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. 2007. Rotorcraft Flying Handbook: FAA Manual H-8083-21 ., D.C.: Federal (Flight Division), U.S. Dept Transportation 2001. Thicknesse P. Military Rotorcraft ('s World Military series). London:'s,, John .: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Wragg, David War A History .: R. Hale, Zaschka . Trag- und Hubschrauber Berlin-Charlottenburg: C. E., 1936. . links – Work" Complete site of and how they . "That 1935 article and research helicopters . Flights — Imagination". 1918 article on helicopter design concepts . Twin Windmill Blades Fly Wingless Ship
sentences:  second consecutive term in 2006. However, while the army and the police's operations recovered control of regions where the guerrillas had expanded their influence during the 1980s and 1990s, the FARC displayed a capacity to re-accommodate and reactivate themselves militarily in new strategic hinterland and border regions. The FARC showed their military resilience through terrorist attacks in urban environments (El Nogal Club bombing in 2003) and a counteroffensive in 2005.

Álvaro Uribe was reelected in a landslide in 2006, and made the 'consolidation' of democratic security one of his major priorities for the second term. Between 2006 and 2010, the military struck significant blows to the FARC, and for the first time successfully targeted high-ranking members of the FARC's Secretariat. In March 2008, Raúl Reyes was killed in a cross-border operation in Ecuador (which sparked a major diplomatic crisis), followed in May 2008 by the natural death of the FARC's historic leader Manuel Marulanda. In the midst of military blows, the FARC sought to maintain the political initiative by promoting a humanitarian exchange, and President Uribe bowed to public pressure in August 2007 by agreeing to discussions mediated by Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. In November 2007, however, Uribe ended Chávez's mediation. Henceforth, the liberation of hostages came through unilateral decisions by the FARC (Operation Emmanuel) with Venezuelan mediation or military rescue operations (Operation Jaque).

Although no formal peace talks with the FARC were initiated under Uribe's presidency, informal contacts were clandestinely made. In 2012, as the current peace process began, El Tiempo related how Uribe had sought "secret approaches with the FARC in search of a peace process" until the final moments of his second term. In 2013, former Swiss mediator Jean Pierre Gontard stated that, in 2006, Uribe had ordered three small secret unilateral ceasefires to facilitate talks between both parties.

In July 2008, following the rescue of 15 hostages by the Colombian military in Operation Jaque, the government made contact with the FARC, notably the organization's new leader Alfonso Cano, to offer them a "dignified" exit. Near the end of Uribe's term in January 2010, the then-High Commissioner for Peace, Frank Pearl, told U.S. Ambassador William Brownfield that he had opened channels of communication with the FARC to build confidence and prepare roadmaps for the next administration. In February 2010, according,  United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and China—plus Germany) and the European Union. The Obama administration agreed to lift sanctions on Iran that had devastated their economy for years, in return Iran promised to give up their nuclear capabilities and allow workers from the UN to do facility checks whenever they so please. President Obama urged US Congress to support the nuclear deal reminding politicians that were wary that if the deal fell through, the US would reinstate their sanctions on Iran. Still, the lawmakers had a negative approach towards Iran, viewing it as a security threat to the US, its allies, and the international community, in line with existing stereotypical depictions of the country.

Following the deal, the U.S. supported a UN Security Council resolution that endorsed the JCPOA—the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 of 20 July 2015. The resolution welcomed "Iran's reaffirmation in the JCPOA that it will under no circumstances ever seek, develop or acquire any nuclear weapons".

In 2015, The Washington Post claimed that 2 to 1 Americans supported the United States' efforts to negotiate with Iran on behalf of their nuclear capabilities. The Washington Post also stated that 59% of Americans favored the lifting of sanctions on Iran's economy in return for the power to regulate Iran's nuclear arms. A polling group called YouGov also did a survey before President Trump took office and found that in approximately 44% of Americans thought that the President should honor international agreements signed by past presidents. The Polling Report has reaffirmed the positive polling numbers from using sources ranging from CNN polls to ABC polls and found that the majority of America was in support of the Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015. By 2016 Gallup News reported that the overall public opinion of the US–Iran nuclear deal was at 30% approval and the disapproval was reported to be at 57%, and 14% had no opinion on the deal. Finally, the latest polls show that in October 2017, Lobe Log (polling firm) found that about 45% of Americans were opposed to the Iran nuclear deal. The approval polls found that only 30% of Americans supported the Iran nuclear deal, staying consistent within the last year.

In February 2015, former Congressman Jim Slattery claimed to have visited Iran in December 2014 from an invitation by the Iranian government where he attended the World Against Violence and Extremism conference making him the first American lawmaker to visit the country after the Iranian Revolution. He claimed to have met with President Rouhani stating that Rouhani was,  drive the blades at sufficient RPM to maintain flight.
 Rotor overspeed, which can over-stress the rotor hub pitch bearings (brinelling) and, if severe enough, cause blade separation from the aircraft.
 Wire and tree strikes due to low altitude operations and take-offs and landings in remote locations.
 Controlled flight into terrain in which the aircraft is flown into the ground unintentionally due to a lack of situational awareness.
 Mast bumping in some helicopters

List of fatal crashes

World records

See also

References

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

 Chiles, James R. The God Machine: From Boomerangs to Black Hawks: The Story of the Helicopter. New York: Bantam Books, 2007. .
 Cottez, Henri. Dictionnaire des structures du vocabulaire savant. Paris: Les Usuels du Robert. 1980. .
 Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920: Volume II. London: Putnam, 1997. .
 Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003–2004. Fyshwick, Canberra, Act, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 2003, p. 155. .
 Munson, Kenneth. Helicopters and other Rotorcraft since 1907. London: Blandford Publishing, 1968. .
 Rotorcraft Flying Handbook. Washington: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2007. .
 Rotorcraft Flying Handbook: FAA Manual H-8083-21. Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration (Flight Standards Division), U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 2001. .
 Thicknesse, P. Military Rotorcraft (Brassey's World Military Technology series). London: Brassey's, 2000. .
 Watkinson, John. Art of the Helicopter. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004. 
 Wragg, David W. Helicopters at War: A Pictorial History. London: R. Hale, 1983. .
 Zaschka, Engelbert. Drehflügelflugzeuge. Trag- und Hubschrauber. Berlin-Charlottenburg: C. J. E. Volckmann Nachf. E. Wette, 1936. .

External links

 "Helicopterpage.com – How Helicopters Work" Complete site explaining different aspects of helicopters and how they work.
 "Planes That Go Straight Up". 1935 article about early development and research into helicopters.
 "Flights — of the Imagination". 1918 article on helicopter design concepts.
 "Twin Windmill Blades Fly Wingless Ship, source_sentence: Disabilities found that Living students than Disney programs". MacUser felt Slater Go Sierra On-Line was" of the Living series, while PC Mag thought "as richly" as Living Books . MacUser wrote that series Living Books and Discis Kids Read "two letting players follow narrative story contents . Meanwhile, the and Olson () that children Living over Discis "could be played with". The Seattle Times compared Living' surprises' Fatty Birthday Putt-Putt Goes to the Moon Bloomberg compared series to Packard subsidiary Active, deemed latter quite as". Children's Technology Review thought TabTale 2011 The Duckling imitated the Living Books style . Complex asserts Reading Blaster and Science Blaster never amount of attention as "to competition likes the Living Books and that Living Books "hold candle a Carmen Sandiego contemporary . Game Developer Books and Tuna titles into The Living though the was a pale . reception As a learning tool reviewers the a Multiple Perspectives Difficulties in and the offers children a context them authority and control over the interface to motivate them to learn . The York a reading dressed interactive cartoon". Compute! felt interaction led to a fantasy...wonderful witty of" that was fun and .'s And Learning Outcomes With Talking deemed series "'edutainment ’ Folha appreciated the games not player to solve Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and asserts that the software had "crafted so play commence until had read with each word, a narrative context for the . The Educational Handbook the series
sentences:  Disabilities found that "Living Books programs appeared more comprehensible to students than the Disney programs". MacUser felt Slater & Charlie Go Camping by Sierra On-Line was a "pale imitation" of the Living Books series, while PC Mag thought it wasn't "quite as richly animated" as Living Books. Additionally, MacUser wrote that series like Living Books and Discis' Kids Can Read "operate on two levels" by letting players follow the story narrative and by exploring the story's contents. Meanwhile, the De-Jean, Miller and Olson (1995) study found that children preferred Living Books over Discis as the latter "could not be played with". The Seattle Times compared Living Books' hunt for surprises with Electronic Arts' Fatty Bear's Birthday Surprise and Putt-Putt Goes to the Moon. Bloomberg positively compared the series to interactive storybooks from Packard Bell Electronics subsidiary Active Imagination, deemed the latter "not quite as rich". Children's Technology Review thought TabTale's 2011 app The Ugly Duckling imitated the Living Books style. Complex asserts that Reading Blaster and Science Blaster never received the same amount of attention as Math Blaster! due to "failing to live up to competition from the likes of the Living Books series", and wrote that Living Books could "hold a candle" as a Carmen Sandiego contemporary. Game Developer Magazine grouped together Living Books and Big Tuna Productions titles into The Living Book Series, though noted the latter was a pale imitation of the former.

 Critical reception 

 As a learning tool 
Many reviewers praised the series as a learning tool. Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and Numeracy felt the series offers children a narrative context to explore while giving them authority and control over the interface to motivate them to learn. The New York Times described it as "a reading lesson dressed up as an interactive cartoon". Compute! felt that the interaction led players to a "cartoon fantasy...wonderful, witty world of zaniness" that was both fun and educational. Children's Interactions And Learning Outcomes With Interactive Talking Books deemed the series "very much 'edutainment’". Folha appreciated that the games did not present the player with puzzles to solve. Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and Numeracy asserts that the software had been "cleverly crafted" so that play could not commence until after the page had been read with each word highlighted, offering a narrative context for the children. The Educational Technology Handbook praised the series' ',  first dose by 30 September and any required second dose by 31 October 2021.

Launch vehicles and stages 

As of 2023, ULA still operates the Atlas V and Delta IV Heavy rockets, both of which are retiring. Both were developed under the National Security Space Launch (NSSL) program by Lockheed Martin and Boeing respectively, both launching in 2002. The Delta IV Medium was retired on 22 August 2019, but the last remaining  Delta IV Heavy rocket will be used to launch a  Reconnaissance satellite, in 2024. ULA is developing Vulcan, a heavy-lift launch vehicle that will replace its existing fleet. The first Vulcan certification flight was originally expected to launch in 2019.  it is scheduled to launch 24 December 2023.

Current fleet

Atlas V 

Atlas V is ULA's main active launch vehicle, but is scheduled for retirement. All remaining Atlas V flights have been sold and no more orders will be accepted. Atlas V has flown 98 times since its first flight in 2002. 19 flights remain.

Atlas V is the fifth major version in the Atlas rocket family. It is an expendable launch system that was originally designed by Lockheed Martin. Each Atlas V rocket consists of two main stages. The first stage is powered by a Russian RD-180 engine, which is manufactured by RD Amross, and burns kerosene and liquid oxygen. Each RD-180 engine costs about US$10 million which is considerably cheaper than any competing rocket with the ability to launch a satellite to geostationary orbit. It has a flawless record of launching American satellites over many years of service.

The Atlas V has been modified for human spaceflight to support flights of the Boeing Starliner. Human-rating required new computers to monitor performance and trigger an abort when necessary, data links between the rocket and spacecraft, and other changes. Crewed flights will include a mechanism to allow astronauts to manually abort. For Starliner flights,  Atlas V is configured with two SRBs from Aerojet Rocketdyne. This is the only Atlas V configuration ever to fly without a payload fairing and the only configuration with two engines on the upper stage. With the Starliner on top, the rocket is 172 feet tall. ULA has contracted to support nine Starliner missions with Atlas V. The first Starliner mission was the Boeing Orbital Flight Test in December 2019.

In 2017, Sierra Nevada selected the Atlas V to launch the first two missions of the Dream Chaser cargo capsule to the International Space Station. These launches are part of NASA's Cargo Resupply Services 2 contract. At,  James, Royal Corps of Transport.
Sergeant Robert William Jones, Intelligence Corps.
Corporal Ronald Frank Jones, Royal Corps of Signals.
Sergeant (Acting Staff Sergeant) Alan Anthony Joseph, The Cheshire Regiment.
Sergeant Roy Brian John Kochanowski, Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
Staff Sergeant Christopher James Locke, The King's Own Scottish Borderers.
LsStaff Sergeant Brian Luke, The Light Infantry.
W/425114 Private (Acting Sergeant) Patricia Ann Manson, Women's Royal Army Corps.
Sergeant (Acting Staff Sergeant (now Acting Warrant Officer Class 2)) William Marks, Royal Army Pay Corps, Territorial Army.
Sergeant Graham Alec Marsland, Corps of Royal Engineers:
Corporal (now Acting Sergeant Military Provost Staff Corps) Thomas Martin, The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's).
Staff Sergeant Stephen Job Massey, Intelligence Corps.
Staff Sergeant John Edward McNicol, Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
Staff Sergeant (now Warrant Officer Class 2) Peter John Milmer, Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
Staff Sergeant Frederick Thomas Morris, Royal Corps of Signals.
Sergeant Graham Henry Pollard, Royal Corps of Signals.
Sergeant (now Acting Staff Sergeant) Charles John Robinson, Corps of Royal Engineers.
Staff Sergeant Trevor John Rowles, Royal Army Ordnance Corps.
Staff Sergeant Frank Salt, Royal Regiment of Artillery.
Staff Sergeant Susan Ann Sansom, Women's Royal Army Corps, Territorial Army.
Sergeant Lawrence Skuse, The Royal Regiment of Wales.
Bombardier Gordon Michael Siddell, Royal Regiment of Artillery.
Staff Sergeant Siva Limbu, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles.
Corporal Peter James Smith, The Gloucestershire Regiment.
Staff Sergeant Owen James Smorthit, Army Physical Training Corps.
Sergeant Alexander Grant Sneddon, Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
Staff Sergeant Geoffrey Edward Leyden Stewart, Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
Staff Sergeant Brian Keith Thomas, Royal Corps of Transport.
Sergeant Wayne Gale Thomas, 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards.
Corporal Michael Terrence Thompson, Royal Corps of Signals.
Staff Sergeant Neil Francis Thorpe, Royal Corps of Transport.
Corporal (Acting Sergeant) Gordon Andrew Turnbull, The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment).
Sergeant Ferris Walker, The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers and Greys).
Staff Sergeant Ian Grant Walsh, Army Air Corps.
Warrant Officer Class 2 Timothy Charles Harvey Warren, Intelligence Corps.
Sergeant John Watson, Royal Corps of Transport.
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sentences:  is filtering the input signal with a filter which is designed based on the HRTF. Instead of using the neural networks, a head-related transfer function is used and the localization is based on a simple correlation approach.

See more: Head-related transfer function.

Cross-power spectrum phase (CSP) analysis
CSP method is also used for the binaural model. The idea is that the angle of arrival can be derived through the time delay of arrival (TDOA) between two microphones, and TDOA can be estimated by finding the maximum coefficients of CSP. CSP coefficients are derived by:

Where  and  are signals entering the microphone  and  respectively
Time delay of arrival() then can be estimated by:

Sound source direction is

Where  is the sound propagation speed,  is the sampling frequency and  is the distance with maximum time delay between 2 microphones.

CPS method does not require the system impulse response data that HRTF needs. An expectation-maximization algorithm is also used for localizing several sound sources and reduce the localization errors. The system is capable of identifying several moving sound source using only two microphones.

2D sensor line array

In order to estimate the location of a source in 3D space, two line sensor arrays can be placed horizontally and vertically. An example is a 2D line array used for underwater source localization. By processing the data from two arrays using the maximum likelihood method, the direction, range and depth of the source can be identified simultaneously. Unlike the binaural hearing model, this method is similar to the spectral analysis method. The method can be used to localize a distant source.

Self-rotating Bi-Microphone Array
The rotation of the two-microphone array (also referred as bi-microphone array ) leads to a sinusoidal inter-channel time difference (ICTD) signal for a stationary sound source present in a 3D environment. The phase shift of the resulting sinusoidal signal can be directly mapped to the azimuth angle of the sound source, and the amplitude of the ICTD signal can be represented as a function of the elevation angle of the sound source and the distance between the two microphones. In the case of multiple sources, the ICTD signal has data points forming multiple discontinuous sinusoidal waveforms. Machine learning techniques such as Random sample consensus (RANSAC) and Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) can be applied to identify phase shifts (mapping to azimuths) and amplitudes (mapping to elevations) of each, 
 Thomas Markinson, Chief Meter Inspector, Leeds Area, North Eastern Gas, British Gas Corporation.
 Walter Frederick Martin, Auxiliary Coastguardsman-in-Charge, Sea Palling, Norfolk, HM Coastguard.
 John William Mason, Constable, Sheffield & Rotherham Constabulary.
 Richard Frederick Mealings, Divisional Commander, Birmingham City Special Constabulary.
 Florence Ruth Mole, Centre Organiser, Filey, East Riding of Yorkshire, Women's Royal Voluntary Service.
 James Moody, Chief Officer (Class I), Northern Ireland Prison Service.
 William Harry Moody, Blast Furnace Helper, Appleby Frodingham Works, General Steels Division, British Steel Corporation.
 Mary Moran, Group Officer, South-Eastern Area Fire Brigade (Scotland).
 William George Mortar, lately Chargehand, Fareham Urban District Council.
 John Thomas Morten, Foreman, Plating Shop, Radar & Equipment Division, Electrical Musical Industries Electronics Ltd.
 Winifred Mary Myers, Head Cook, House of Lords.
 Herbert John Newman, Custodian, Arlington Court, near Barnstaple, Devon, The National Trust.
 John Eben Paine, Constable, Metropolitan Police.
 Lillian Harriet May Palmer. For services to the Hospital Service in Cardiff.
 Percy Louis William Parfitt, Government Industrial Pests Operator Foreman, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food.
 Hairy Parker, Feeder, Temper Mills, Velihdre Works Strip Mills Division, British Steel Corporation.
 Robert Hanson Pashley, Professional & Technology Officer, Grade III, Royal Ordnance Factory, Blackburn, Ministry of Defence.
 Alfred John Pengelly, lately Inshore Fishing Vessel Skipper/Owner, Looe, Cornwall.
 William Gardener Pennock, Boatswain, Christian Salveson & Co. Ltd.
 Mary Amelia Powell. For services to the Girl Guide Movement in Cardiff.
 Daniel Quinn, General Foreman, Central Production Station, Hartlepool, Northern Gas, British Gas Corporation. 
 Walter James Raymond, Process & General Supervisor Grade V, Ministry of Defence.
 Lilian Mary Reynolds, Assistant Manager, Catering, Television Service, British Broadcasting Corporation.
 Donald Ivor Ernest Richards, Aircraft Fitter, 781 Squadron, HMS Daedalus, Ministry of Defence.
 Norman Risk, Site Foreman, F. W. Clifford Ltd., Purley, Surrey. For services to export.
 James Henry Roberts, Groupage Superintendent, Lawther & Harvey Ltd., Belfast.
 Adrian Richard Robinson, Sergeant, Royal Ulster Constabulary.
 William Rose, Technical Officer, Aberdeen Telephone Area, Post Office.
 Frederick Sadler, Sergeant Major Instructor, Army Cadet Force,, 

 Occupational Fields 01-79 (Regular OccFlds) – Occupational Fields that contain all types of MOSs related to a specific occupational field.
 80XX (Miscellaneous Requirement MOSs) – These are MOSs that do not fit into a regular OccFld but are used on the Marine Corps Table of Organization (T/O).
 90XX (Reporting MOS) – These MOSs do not exist on the USMC T/O. They are used to meet Department of Navy and Department of Defense reporting requirements.

There are six types of MOSs, divided into primary MOSs and non-primary MOSs. Primary MOSs are of three types:
 Basic MOS – Entry-level MOSs required for entry-level Marines (both officers and enlisted) or others not yet qualified by initial skills training. In addition, when a Reserve Component (RC) Marine transfers to a new unit and does not possess the MOS required for the billet filled, they will be assigned a Basic MOS as Primary MOS until the completion of required formal school training or is otherwise certified to be MOS qualified, and the previous PMOS will be retained but become an Additional MOS. Promotions for enlisted Marines will be based upon their Basic MOS, or if qualified for a PMOS, then upon their PMOS, never on an AMOS.
 Primary MOS (PMOS) – Used to identify the primary skills and knowledge of a Marine. Only enlisted Marines, Warrant Officers, Chief Warrant Officers, and Limited Duty Officers are promoted in their primary MOS. Changes to an Active Component Marine's PMOS without approval from CMC (MM) and changes to a RC Marine's PMOS without approval from CMC (RA) are not authorized. Promotions for enlisted Marines will be based upon their Basic MOS, or if qualified for a PMOS, then upon their PMOS, never on an AMOS.
 Additional MOS (AMOS) – Any existing PMOS awarded to a Marine who already holds a PMOS. Example: after a lateral move to a new job, a Marine's previous PMOS becomes an AMOS and is normally retained in the Marine's service records for historical purposes and manpower management. Marines are not promoted in an AMOS.

There are also three types of non-PMOSs:
 Necessary (NMOS) – A non-PMOS that has a prerequisite of one or more PMOSs. This MOS identifies a particular skill or training that is in addition to a Marine's PMOS, but can only be filled by a Marine with, source_sentence: books, the reference of virtually all books of Western Invented during Roman times, its adoption was later spread by Christianity . (Modern Diesel) Common Rail researcher Mario of Group: generally featuring scale could be of infinitesimals of figures . There are types: Reduction developed by Commandino Federico (inventor the polymetric) and Joost . spikes compass by Fabrizio Mordente used by G. Bruno his research minimum . Flat hands compass, such Galilei's . concrete edification purposes, more than modern . Confetti: initially meaning a type of used for analogy to indicate little used in festivities . Mangilli (Milan) is credited as early inventor paper a device invented by engineers to transform motion into linear motion .: naval boarding device .: Imperial form of Corinthian order . Dental fillings: Cornelius Celsus in 1st AD . Dentures: first dentures were by the Etruscans 700 Di air: a built by Pietro, require low pressure to . This engine produces no vibration internal wear or is potentially a environment-friendly . In it 100% efficiency air engine to that date . also represents engine applied transportation Dipleidoscope Giovan . Dollying to dolly esp toward or away filmed or . Giovanni used method . Doppio Borgato, a musical instrument which is a variation the (for accounting), developed in the mercantile city-states of medieval and first by Lucas de Venice . Perfected by Amatino Mannucci in century . The actual invention have Roman or Asiatic Anyway the system reached a huge as of Italian and theorisation Summa de Arithmetica containing rules of
sentences:  books, having defined the reference format of virtually all the books of Western civilization. Invented during Roman times, its adoption was later spread by Christianity.
(Modern Diesel) Common Rail designed by researcher Mario Ricco of the FIAT Group.
Proportional compass: generally featuring a proportional scale, it could be used for calculus of infinitesimals and proportions of geometric figures. There are three types:
Reduction compass, developed by Commandino Federico (inventor of the polymetric compass) and Joost Bürgi.
Proportional eight spikes compass, invented by Fabrizio Mordente and used by G. Bruno in his research of the physical minimum.
Flat hands compass, such as Galilei's one.
Roman concrete: for edification purposes, more resilient than modern concrete.
Confetti: initially meaning a type of sweet, then used for analogy to indicate little chalk balls used in Italy during carnival festivities. Mangilli di Crescenzago (Milan) is credited as an early inventor of paper confetti.
Connecting rod, a device invented by Roman engineers to transform circular motion into linear motion.
Corvus: Roman naval boarding device.
Composite order: Imperial Roman form of the Corinthian order.

D
 Dental fillings: First mentioned by Cornelius Celsus in the 1st century AD.
 Dentures: the first dentures were developed by the Etruscans in 700 BC
Di Pietro air engine: a pneumatic engine built by Angelo Di Pietro, which require very low pressure to start rotation. This engine produces almost no vibration, internal wear or friction and is potentially useful for a wide range of environment-friendly applications. In 2004, it has 100% more efficiency than any other air engine to that date. It also represents the first air engine that could be applied in transportation.
 Dipleidoscope: invented by Giovan Battista Amici.
 Dollying: to move a camera on a dolly, esp. toward or away from the subject being filmed or televised. Giovanni Pastrone first used this method in 1914.
 Doppio Borgato, a musical instrument which is a variation of the piano
 Double-entry bookkeeping system (for accounting), developed in the mercantile city-states of medieval Italy and first documented by Lucas de Burgo in Venice. Perfected by Amatino Mannucci in the 14th century. The actual invention could have been Roman or Asiatic. Anyway, the system reached a huge diffusion as a consequence of Italian use and theorisation, with Summa de Arithmetica containing the rules of, -pressure breathing air compressor

A low-pressure compressor is often the air supply of choice for surface-supplied diving, as it is virtually unlimited in the amount of air it can supply, provided the delivery volume and pressure are adequate for the application. A low-pressure compressor can run for tens of hours, needing only refueling, periodical filter drainage and occasional running checks, and is therefore more convenient than high-pressure storage cylinders for primary air supply.

It is however, critical to diver safety that the compressor is suitable for breathing air delivery, uses a suitable oil, is adequately filtered, and takes in clean and uncontaminated air. Positioning of the intake opening is important, and may have to be changed if the relative wind direction changes, to ensure that no engine exhaust gas enters the intake. Various national standards for breathing air quality may apply.

Power for portable compressors is usually a 4-stroke petrol (gasoline) engine. Larger, trailer mounted compressors, may be diesel powered. Permanently installed compressors on dive support boats are likely to be powered by 3-phase electric motors.

The compressor should be provided with an accumulator and a relief valve. The accumulator functions as an additional water trap, but the main purpose is to provide a reserve volume of pressurised air. The relief valve allows any excess air to be released back to the atmosphere while retaining the appropriate supply pressure in the accumulator.

High pressure main gas supply

The main gas supply for surface-supplied diving can be from high pressure bulk storage cylinders. When the storage cylinders are relatively portable this is known as a scuba replacement system in the commercial diving industry. The application is versatile and can ensure high quality breathing gas in places where atmospheric air is too contaminated to use through a normal low pressure compressor filter system, and is easily adaptable to a mixed gas supply and oxygen decompression provided that the breathing apparatus and gas supply system are compatible with the mixtures to be used. Scuba replacement is often used from smaller diving support vessels, for emergency work, and for hazmat diving.

Mixed breathing gases are provided from high pressure bulk storage systems for saturation diving, but these are less portable, and generally involve manifolded racks of  cylinders of approximately 50 litres water capacity arranged as quads and even larger racks of high pressure tubes. If gas reclaim systems are used, the reclaimed gas is scrubbed of carbon dioxide, filtered of other contaminants, and recompressed into high pressure cylinders for interim storage, ans is generally blended with oxygen or helium to,  on Nova on 21 October 1997 as Bomb Squad
 1 December Day Return to Space about the new proposals for craft; in 1995, NASA proposed the X-33, chosen on 2 July 1996, to fly by March 1999; Daniel Goldin, head of NASA from 1992 to 2001; Saturn from The Planets; The Blue Danube; the McDonnell Douglas DC-X; Maxwell Hunter; Jupiter from The Planets; Hans Mark of NASA; David Urie and Paul Landry; the Rutan Voyager, which flew around the world without refuelling; the aerospike engine; the Ansari X Prize and the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh air show; Mitchell Burnside Clapp; Gary Hudson, Bevin McKinney, and their Rotary Rocket (Roton); Steve Bennett and his Starchaser Industries. Narrated, similarly to the Adam Curtis series, by Jack Fortune, produced by Richard Reisz, directed by Stephen White, made by TV6
 8 December Superhighway Robbery, about 26-year-old Russian computer programmer Vladimir Levin and computer hacking, who was caught when he arrived at Stansted Airport in March 1995 (he was trying to evade extradition to the US, but failed and was extradited in September 1997; an average bank robbery took $1900, but was prosecuted around 82%, a robbery via computer took around $250,000 and prosecution was around 2%; Willie Sutton and his Sutton's law. Narrated by Robin Ellis, directed by Patrick Forbes, produced by Jenny Crowther, made by Hart Ryan.
 15 December Dr Satan's Robot, it refers to the film Mysterious Doctor Satan; it shows surgeon Robert J. White and his many macabre experiments on animals; the documentary would have not been appointment viewing for supporters of PETA; John Frankenheimer, director of the film Island of Dr Moreau; Terry Gilliam and his film Twelve Monkeys; the film The City of Lost Children; novelist Michael Marshall Smith, and his novel Spares; Cold Lazarus by Dennis Potter; Conservative MP for Birmingham Edgbaston, Jill Knight, and her disagreements with Roger Gosden; John Gillott; film director John Carpenter; David King, and disagreements with Robert Plomin, which led to his MRC funding being withheld; James Wilson (scientist) of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Julliet Tizzard of the Progress Trust. Narrated by Seán Barrett (actor), produced by Cathy Rogers, directed by Martin Durkin, made, source_sentence: version of spaced was introduced beginning the 97th vehicle of 6th batch also introduced an of heavy ballistic Leopard on increased armour protection While Leopard to the Leopard 2A5 the covering the modules is modules . New armour modules armour cover the frontal arc of the turret . have distinctive and protection both penetrators and charges The side skirts incorporate improved protection . A 25 the danger of injuries in case armour penetration The Leopard 2A7 the generation and belly armour providing against mines and IEDs . Leopard 2A7 fitted for mounting armour modules protection systems against . For urban combat, the Leopard 2 can be with different of modular armour Leopard 2A4M Leopard 2 Peace) the mount modules composite along the flanks turret and hull, while slat armour can be adapted at vehicle The modules, which depending on the warhead can penetrate of armour The 2A6M CAN increases rocket-propelled including slat armour . Additional armour packages been developed by a number different companies IBD developed upgrades Advanced (AMAP) armour the latter used on Singaporean and Leopard tanks . RUAG has developed armour upgrade composite . first the 2013 . The Leopard and 2A6M add an additional protection for, which increases mines and IEDs . 22, the German Defence to Trophy, an active protection system of . 17 be fitted the with integration planned be in 2023 . Armour protection estimates Estimated levels of for range from 590 to 690 mm the turret RHAe the and lower front hull on Leopard 2A4, to mm RHAe turret 620 mm RHAe on
sentences: , Florida. All 18 on both planes killed.

8 November "NORFOLK, Va., Nov. 8 (UP) – A Navy plane crashed off Old Point Comfort and the Navy reported that the 13 men aboard were either dead or missing."

10 November "Clovis, N.M., Nov. 12 (UP) – Six officers and nine enlisted men were killed Friday night when a four-engined bomber crashed and burned about 25 miles southeast of the Clovis Army air field." Boeing B-29A-1-BN Superfortress, 42-93832, c/n 7329, delivered to the USAAF 15 April 1944, assigned to the Combat Crew Training Squadron, 234th Army Air Force Base Unit, Clovis AAF, piloted by Thomas R. Opie, is listed by two sources as having crashed approximately 25 miles NE of the airfield, at variance with the initial United Press report.

10 November Famed Consolidated B-24J-1-CO Liberator, 42-72994, "Bolivar", of the 30th Bomb Group, sent home from the Pacific after 81 missions with three different crews for a war bond tour, crash lands near Vultee Field, the base for Vultee Aircraft in Downey, California, and never flies again. One crew member suffers a broken leg.

11 November A court-martialed former U.S. Army Air Force officer escapes from the Craig Field, Alabama, guardhouse, steals North American AT-6A-NA Texan, 41-488, c/n 77-4517, of the 2138th AAF Base Unit, flies to Louisiana, and bails out E of New Orleans, the unmanned trainer coming down early on 12 November near the former Micheaud Airport, where Higgins Industries had constructed a war plant. "NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 13, (AP) – Robert G. Kaslow, former Army Air Corps officer, who escaped from the Craig field, Ala., guardhouse Friday night and fled in an Army plane, was captured here tonight by F.B.I. agents. The assistant special agent in charge of the New Orleans F.B.I. office, Zack J. Van Landingham, announced that Kaslow, 21, of Johnson City, N.Y., who was serving a 30-year sentence at the Alabama field for violations of the articles of war, was taken in custody at 5 p.m. in the cocktail lounge of a New Orleans, , produced by George Haggerty, made by Kai Productions
 28 December Incredible Evidence,  an Equinox Special about the limits of DNA profiling. Directed by Hilary Lawson, made by TVF

1995
 9 January Beyond Love, an Equinox Special about autoerotic asphyxia, which killed over 50 people in 1994; and due to the deeply, and distasteful, unconventional content of the programme, it was shown at 10pm; at the John Hopkins Sexual Disorders Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore in Maryland, where chromosomal abnormality was found by Fred Berlin, often Klinefelter syndrome; Dr Raymond Goodman of Hope Hospital in Salford, now of the Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health at the University of Manchester, and why 90% of paraphiliacs were male; Peter Fenwick (neuropsychologist) of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and how sexual arousal is centred in the limbic system; Gene Abel of the Behavioral Medicine Institute of Atlanta; William Marshall of the Queen's University at Kingston; Jeffrey Weeks (sociologist) at London South Bank University; John Bancroft (sexologist)  of the MRC Reproductive Biology Unit in Edinburgh; Stephen Hucker of Queen's University, Ontario; John Money of Johns Hopkins Hospital; forensic psychologist Ronald Langevin. Narrated by Dame Jenni Murray, directed by Peter Boyd Maclean, produced by Simon Andreae, made by Optomen Television
 27 August  The Real X-Files: America's Psychic Spies, an Equinox Special about a former American military unit that conducted remote viewing, where operatives could see backwards and forwards in time; Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director from 1977 to 1981 of the CIA; Major-General Ed Thompson; Colonel John B. Alexander of the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command; Hal Puthoff, of SRI International in California; remote viewer Ingo Swann and the subsequent Stargate Project, at Fort Meade in Maryland; Keith Harary, who worked with Russell Targ. Narrated by Jim Schnabel, produced by Alex Graham, directed by Bill Eagles, made by Wall to Wall Television
 3 September Cybersecrecy, the mathematician Fred Piper of the Information Security Group; the UK gave out Enigma machines to Commonwealth countries for secret telecommunications, without telling these countries that the UK could read every message; Phil Zimmermann, inventor of the PGP encryption algorithm; Simon Davies (privacy advocate); when at MIT in 1976, Whitfield Diffie found how to,  version of spaced multilayer armour was introduced beginning with the 97th vehicle of the 6th production batch. The same batch also introduced an improved type of heavy ballistic skirts.

The Leopard 2A5 upgrade focused on increased armour protection. While upgrading a Leopard 2 tank to the Leopard 2A5 configuration, the roof covering the armour modules is cut open and new armour modules are inserted. New additional armour modules made of laminated armour cover the frontal arc of the turret. They have a distinctive arrowhead shape and improve protection against both kinetic penetrators and shaped charges. The side skirts also incorporate improved armour protection. A 25 mm-thick spall liner reduces the danger of crew injuries in case of armour penetration.

The Leopard 2A7 features the latest generation of passive armour and belly armour providing protection against mines and IEDs. The Leopard 2A7 is fitted with adapters for mounting additional armour modules or protection systems against RPGs.

For urban combat, the Leopard 2 can be fitted with different packages of modular armour. The Leopard 2A4M CAN, Leopard 2 PSO (Peace Support Operations) and the Leopard 2A7 can mount thick modules of composite armour along the flanks of the turret and hull, while slat armour can be adapted at the vehicle's rear. The armour modules provide protection against the RPG-7, which depending on the warhead can penetrate between  and  of steel armour. The Leopard 2A6M CAN increases protection against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) by including additional slat armour.

Additional armour packages have been developed by a number of different companies. IBD Deisenroth has developed upgrades with MEXAS and Advanced Modular Armor Protection (AMAP) composite armour, the latter is being used on Singaporean and Indonesian Leopard 2 tanks. RUAG has developed an armour upgrade utilizing their SidePRO-ATR composite armour. This upgrade was first presented on the IAV 2013.

The Leopard 2A4M and 2A6M add an additional mine protection plate for the belly, which increases protection against mines and IEDs.

On 22 February 2021, the German Defence Ministry agreed to acquire Trophy, an active protection system of Israeli design. 17 German Army tanks will be fitted with the system, with integration planned to be completed in 2023.

Armour protection estimates
Estimated levels of protection for the Leopard 2 range from 590 to 690 mm RHAe on the turret, 600 mm RHAe on the glacis and lower front hull on the Leopard 2A4, to 920–940 mm RHAe on the turret, 620 mm RHAe on the
datasets: UmarAzam/wikipedia_subsets
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics: pearson_cosine, spearman_cosine
model-index: name: SentenceTransformer based on google-bert/bert-base-uncased
results: task: type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset: name: sts dev
type: sts-dev
metrics: type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.5596747350153743
name: Pearson Cosine
verified: no, type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.5781602308967849
name: Spearman Cosine
verified: no, task: type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset: name: sts test
type: sts-test
metrics: type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.41543027837570556
name: Pearson Cosine
verified: no, type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.46840051106813374
name: Spearman Cosine
verified: no
Likes: 0 | All-time downloads: 45
Created: 2025-07-18 15:51:59