Model: tum-nlp/IDMGSP-Galactica-TRAIN
Author: tum-nlp
Pipeline: text-classification
Library: transformers
Tags: transformers, pytorch, safetensors, opt, text-classification, scientific paper, fake papers, science, scientific text, en, dataset:tum-nlp/IDMGSP, license:openrail++, text-generation-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Card metadata: datasets: tum-nlp/IDMGSP
language: en
tags: scientific paper, fake papers, science, scientific text
widget: text: Abstract:

The Hartree-Fock (HF) method is a widely used method for approximating the electronic structure of many-electron systems. In this work, we study the properties of HF solutions of the three-dimensional electron gas (3DEG), a model system consisting of a uniform, non-interacting electron gas in three dimensions. We find that the HF solutions accurately reproduce the known analytic results for the ground state energy and the static structure factor of the 3DEG. However, we also find that the HF solutions fail to accurately describe the excitation spectrum of the 3DEG, particularly at high energies.

Introduction:

The HF method is a self-consistent method for approximating the electronic structure of many-electron systems. It is based on the assumption that the electrons in a system can be described as non-interacting quasiparticles, each with its own effective potential. The HF method is commonly used to study the ground state properties of systems, such as the energy and the density distribution, but it can also be used to study excited states.

The 3DEG is a model system that has been widely studied as a test case for electronic structure methods. It consists of a uniform, non-interacting electron gas in three dimensions, with a finite density and a periodic boundary condition. The 3DEG has a number of known analytic results for its ground state properties, such as the ground state energy and the static structure factor, which can be used to test the accuracy of approximate methods.

Conclusion:

In this work, we have studied the properties of HF solutions of the 3DEG. We find that the HF solutions accurately reproduce the known analytic results for the ground state energy and the static structure factor of the 3DEG. However, we also find that the HF solutions fail to accurately describe the excitation spectrum of the 3DEG, particularly at high energies. This suggests that the HF method may not be suitable for accurately describing the excited states of the 3DEG. Further work is needed to understand the limitations of the HF method and to develop improved methods for studying the electronic structure of many-electron systems.

example_title: Example ChatGPT fake, text: Abstract:

Recent calculations have pointed to a 2.8 $\sigma$ tension between data on $\epsilon^{\prime}_K / \epsilon_K$ and the standard-model (SM) prediction. Several new physics (NP) models can explain this discrepancy, and such NP models are likely to predict deviations of $\mathcal{B}(K\to \pi \nu \overline{\nu})$ from the SM predictions, which can be probed precisely in the near future by NA62 and KOTO experiments. We present correlations between $\epsilon^{\prime}_K / \epsilon_K$ and $\mathcal{B}(K\to \pi \nu \overline{\nu})$ in two types of NP scenarios: a box dominated scenario and a $Z$-penguin dominated one. It is shown that different correlations are predicted and the future precision measurements of $K \to \pi \nu \overline{\nu}$ can distinguish both scenarios.

Introduction:

CP violating ﬂavor-changing neutral current decays of K mesons are extremely sensitive to new physics (NP) and can probe virtual eﬀects of particles with masses far above the reach of the Large Hadron Collider. Prime examples of such observables are ϵ′ K measuring direct CP violation in K → ππ decays and B(KL → π0νν). Until recently, large theoretical uncertainties precluded reliable predictions for ϵ′ K. Although standard-model (SM) predictions of ϵ′ K using chiral perturbation theory are consistent with the experimental value, their theoretical uncertainties are large. In contrast, calculation by the dual QCD approach 1 ﬁnds the SM value much below the experimental one. A major breakthrough has been the recent lattice-QCD calculation of the hadronic matrix elements by RBC-UKQCD collaboration 2, which gives support to the latter result. The SM value at the next-to-leading order divided by the indirect CP violating measure ϵK is 3 which is consistent with (ϵ′ K/ϵK)SM = (1.9±4.5)×10−4 given by Buras et al 4.a Both results are based on the lattice numbers, and further use CP-conserving K → ππ data to constrain some of the hadronic matrix elements involved. Compared to the world average of the experimental results 6, Re (ϵ′ K/ϵK)exp = (16.6 ± 2.3) × 10−4, (2) the SM prediction lies below the experimental value by 2.8 σ. Several NP models including supersymmetry (SUSY) can explain this discrepancy. It is known that such NP models are likely to predict deviations of the kaon rare decay branching ratios from the SM predictions, especially B(K → πνν) which can be probed precisely in the near future by NA62 and KOTO experiments.b In this contribution, we present correlations between ϵ′ K/ϵK and B(K → πνν) in two types of NP scenarios: a box dominated scenario and a Z-penguin dominated one. Presented at the 52th Rencontres de Moriond electroweak interactions and uniﬁed theories, La Thuile, Italy, 18-25 March, 2017. aOther estimations of the SM value are listed in Kitahara et al 5. b The correlations between ϵ′ K/ϵK, B(K → πνν) and ϵK through the CKM components in the SM are discussed in Ref. 7.

Conclusion:

We have presented the correlations between ϵ′ K/ϵK, B(KL → π0νν), and B(K+ → π+νν) in the box dominated scenario and the Z-penguin dominated one. It is shown that the constraint from ϵK produces diﬀerent correlations between two NP scenarios. In the future, measurements of B(K → πνν) will be signiﬁcantly improved. The NA62 experiment at CERN measuring B(K+ → π+νν) is aiming to reach a precision of 10 % compared to the SM value already in 2018. In order to achieve 5% accuracy more time is needed. Concerning KL → π0νν, the KOTO experiment at J-PARC aims in a ﬁrst step at measuring B(KL → π0νν) around the SM sensitivity. Furthermore, the KOTO-step2 experiment will aim at 100 events for the SM branching ratio, implying a precision of 10 % of this measurement. Therefore, we conclude that when the ϵ′ K/ϵK discrepancy is explained by the NP contribution, NA62 experiment could probe whether a modiﬁed Z-coupling scenario is realized or not, and KOTO-step2 experiment can distinguish the box dominated scenario and the simpliﬁed modiﬁed Z-coupling scenario.

example_title: Example real
license: openrail++
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Created: 2023-05-30 14:14:37