Model: along26/DistillKLDivLoss_manglish-iban-sentence-transformer
Author: along26
Pipeline: sentence-similarity
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, roberta, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, dense, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:378513, loss:DistillKLDivLoss, arxiv:1908.10084, arxiv:2010.11386, base_model:distilbert/distilroberta-base, base_model:finetune:distilbert/distilroberta-base, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: distilbert/distilroberta-base
Card metadata: tags: sentence-transformers, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, dense, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:378513, loss:DistillKLDivLoss
base_model: distilbert/distilroberta-base
widget: source_sentence: Topological insulators and semimetals are unique classes of materials that exhibit distinct electronic properties due to their topological nature. The main characteristics that distinguish them from other materials are:

1. Bulk-edge correspondence: Topological insulators have an insulating bulk but possess conducting surface states. These surface states are protected by time-reversal symmetry, which makes them robust against impurities and defects.

2. Spin-momentum locking: In topological insulators, the electron's spin is locked to its momentum, leading to helical surface states. This means that electrons with opposite spins move in opposite directions, which can result in reduced backscattering and dissipationless transport.

3. Dirac/Weyl nodes: In topological semimetals, the conduction and valence bands touch at discrete points in the Brillouin zone, forming Dirac or Weyl nodes. These nodes are characterized by their linear dispersion and unique topological properties.

The generation and stability of surface states in topological insulators and semimetals are due to the non-trivial topology of their electronic band structures. The topological invariants, such as the Chern number or Z2 invariant, determine the presence and stability of these surface states. These invariants are robust against small perturbations, ensuring that the surface states remain stable even in the presence of impurities or defects.

Topological insulators and semimetals are of fundamental interest for both theoretical and experimental condensed matter physics due to their unique electronic properties and potential applications. They provide a platform to study novel quantum phenomena, such as the quantum spin Hall effect, Majorana fermions, and chiral anomaly. Additionally, they offer insights into the interplay between topology, symmetry, and electronic properties in condensed matter systems.

The potential applications of topological insulators and semimetals in the development of new electronic and optoelectronic devices include:

1. Spintronics: The spin-momentum locking in topological insulators can be exploited for developing spintronic devices with low power consumption and high efficiency.

2. Quantum computing: The robust surface states and the possibility of hosting Majorana fermions make topological insulators promising candidates for developing fault-tolerant quantum computing platforms.

3. Thermoelectric devices: The reduced backscattering and dissipationless transport in topological insulators can lead to high thermoelectric efficiency, making them suitable for waste heat recovery and energy conversion applications.

4. Optoelectronics: Topological semimetals, such as Weyl semimetals, exhibit large optical nonlinearity and strong light-matter interactions, which can be harnessed for developing novel optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors and modulators.

In summary, topological insulators and semimetals are unique materials with distinct electronic properties that arise from their topological nature. They are of fundamental interest in condensed matter physics and hold promise for various electronic and optoelectronic applications.
sentences: Penebat topologi dan semilogam ialah kelas bahan unik yang mempamerkan sifat elektronik yang berbeza kerana sifat topologinya. Ciri-ciri utama yang membezakannya daripada bahan lain ialah:

1. Surat-menyurat tepi pukal: Penebat topologi mempunyai pukal penebat tetapi mempunyai keadaan permukaan pengalir. Keadaan permukaan ini dilindungi oleh simetri pembalikan masa, yang menjadikannya teguh terhadap kekotoran dan kecacatan.

2. Penguncian momentum putaran: Dalam penebat topologi, putaran elektron dikunci kepada momentumnya, membawa kepada keadaan permukaan heliks. Ini bermakna elektron dengan putaran bertentangan bergerak ke arah yang bertentangan, yang boleh mengakibatkan penyerakan belakang berkurangan dan pengangkutan tanpa pelesapan.

3. Nod Dirac/Weyl: Dalam semilogam topologi, jalur konduksi dan valens bersentuhan pada titik diskret dalam zon Brillouin, membentuk nod Dirac atau Weyl. Nod ini dicirikan oleh penyebaran linear dan sifat topologi yang unik.

Penjanaan dan kestabilan keadaan permukaan dalam penebat topologi dan separa logam adalah disebabkan oleh topologi bukan remeh struktur jalur elektronik mereka. Invarian topologi, seperti nombor Chern atau invarian Z2, menentukan kehadiran dan kestabilan keadaan permukaan ini. Invarian ini teguh terhadap gangguan kecil, memastikan keadaan permukaan kekal stabil walaupun terdapat kekotoran atau kecacatan.

Penebat topologi dan semilogam adalah kepentingan asas untuk kedua-dua fizik jirim pekat teori dan eksperimen kerana sifat elektroniknya yang unik dan aplikasi yang berpotensi. Mereka menyediakan platform untuk mengkaji fenomena kuantum novel, seperti kesan Hall spin kuantum, fermion Majorana, dan anomali kiral. Selain itu, mereka menawarkan pandangan tentang interaksi antara topologi, simetri dan sifat elektronik dalam sistem jirim pekat.

Aplikasi berpotensi penebat topologi dan separa logam dalam pembangunan peranti elektronik dan optoelektronik baharu termasuk:

1. Spintronics: Penguncian momentum putaran dalam penebat topologi boleh dieksploitasi untuk membangunkan peranti spintronik dengan penggunaan kuasa yang rendah dan kecekapan tinggi.

2. Pengkomputeran kuantum: Keadaan permukaan yang teguh dan kemungkinan menjadi tuan rumah fermion Majorana menjadikan penebat topologi menjanjikan calon untuk membangunkan platform pengkomputeran kuantum toleran kesalahan.

3. Peranti termoelektrik: Penyerakan belakang yang dikurangkan dan pengangkutan tanpa pelesapan dalam penebat topologi boleh membawa kepada kecekapan termoelektrik yang tinggi, menjadikannya sesuai untuk pemulihan haba sisa dan aplikasi penukaran tenaga.

4. Optoelektronik: Semilogam topologi, seperti semilogam Weyl, mempamerkan ketaklinearan optik yang besar dan interaksi jirim cahaya yang kuat, yang boleh dimanfaatkan untuk membangunkan peranti optoelektronik baru, seperti pengesan foto dan modulator.

Ringkasnya, penebat topologi dan semilogam adalah bahan unik dengan sifat elektronik yang berbeza yang timbul daripada sifat topologinya. Mereka mempunyai kepentingan asas dalam fizik jirim pekat dan memegang janji untuk pelbagai aplikasi elektronik dan optoelektronik., Why does Malaysia still have a law that allows for the detention of individuals without trial, such as in the case of the Sedition Act?, Pertimbangkan atom hidrogen yang mempunyai nombor kuantum utama n=3. Kira tenaga yang diperlukan untuk beralih daripada keadaan n=3 kepada keadaan n=1., source_sentence: There have been calls for the release of Anwar Ibrahim, a Malaysian politician, from prison due to allegations of political persecution. Anwar has been a prominent figure in Malaysian politics for several decades and has served as Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister. However, he has also spent time in prison on two separate occasions on charges of sodomy and corruption, which he and his supporters have claimed are politically motivated.

The first time Anwar was imprisoned was in 1999, when he was convicted of corruption and sodomy and sentenced to six years in prison. At the time, Anwar was the Deputy Prime Minister and heir apparent to then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. However, the two men had a falling out, and Anwar was arrested and charged with corruption and sodomy. Anwar and his supporters claimed that the charges were politically motivated, as they came shortly after Anwar had criticized Mahathir's government and called for reform.

Anwar was released from prison in 2004, after the Federal Court overturned his sodomy conviction. However, in 2015, he was once again convicted of sodomy and sentenced to five years in prison. Once again, Anwar and his supporters claimed that the charges were politically motivated and designed to keep him out of politics.

There have been numerous calls for Anwar's release from prison, both domestically and internationally. His supporters argue that he has been the victim of political persecution and that the charges against him are false. They point to the fact that sodomy is illegal in Malaysia, but is rarely enforced, except in cases involving high-profile politicians. They also argue that the legal process has been unfair, with key evidence being excluded and witnesses being prevented from testifying.

Human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have also called for Anwar's release, arguing that the charges against him are politically motivated and that he has been denied a fair trial.

In summary, there have been calls for Anwar Ibrahim's release from prison due to allegations of political persecution. Anwar has been convicted of sodomy on two separate occasions, and he and his supporters claim that the charges are false and designed to keep him out of politics. Human rights organizations have also called for his release, citing concerns about political persecution and a lack of fair trial.
sentences: Improving the absorption capacity of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) while maintaining their mechanical strength can be achieved through several strategies, including modifying the polymer structure, incorporating additives, and optimizing the synthesis process. Here are some approaches to consider:

1. Modify the polymer structure: Designing SAPs with a more porous structure can enhance their absorption capacity by allowing for better fluid penetration. This can be achieved by using different crosslinking agents, varying the degree of crosslinking, or incorporating hydrophilic comonomers. However, it is essential to balance the porosity with mechanical strength, as excessive porosity may lead to weaker polymers.

2. Incorporate additives: Adding certain additives, such as nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, or clay nanoparticles), can improve both the absorption capacity and mechanical strength of SAPs. These additives can create a more interconnected network within the polymer matrix, allowing for better fluid absorption and distribution while also enhancing the mechanical properties.

3. Optimize the synthesis process: The synthesis conditions, such as temperature, pH, and reaction time, can significantly impact the properties of SAPs. By optimizing these parameters, it is possible to obtain SAPs with a more desirable balance between absorption capacity and mechanical strength. For example, controlling the polymerization temperature and time can help achieve a more uniform crosslinking density, leading to improved properties.

4. Use of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs): IPNs are a combination of two or more polymers that are crosslinked together but not covalently bonded. This can result in a material with improved mechanical strength and absorption capacity. For example, combining a highly absorbent polymer with a more mechanically robust polymer can lead to a superabsorbent material with enhanced overall performance.

5. Surface modification: Modifying the surface of SAPs can also help improve their absorption capacity and mechanical strength. This can be achieved through techniques such as plasma treatment or chemical grafting, which can introduce new functional groups or alter the surface morphology of the polymer.

In conclusion, improving the absorption capacity of superabsorbent polymers while maintaining their mechanical strength requires a careful balance between the polymer structure, additives, and synthesis conditions. By exploring these strategies, it is possible to develop SAPs with enhanced performance for various applications, such as hygiene products, agriculture, and water management., Saya memohon maaf, tetapi saya mesti menjelaskan bahawa saya tidak boleh membuat kenyataan umum tentang niat atau motif kerajaan Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, saya boleh memberikan beberapa maklumat berdasarkan data yang tersedia secara terbuka mengenai isu yang dihadapi oleh orang asli di Malaysia, terutamanya berkaitan dengan hak tanah dan penentuan nasib sendiri.

Orang asli di Malaysia, sering dirujuk sebagai Orang Asli, telah lama menghadapi cabaran dalam mendapatkan hak tanah mereka dan memelihara budaya mereka. Walaupun perlembagaan Malaysia mengiktiraf kedudukan istimewa orang asli, mereka sering menghadapi kesukaran untuk mendapatkan hak mereka diiktiraf dan dilindungi sepenuhnya dalam amalan.

Hak tanah:

* Menurut laporan 2018 oleh International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), hanya 0.02% daripada tanah di Semenanjung Malaysia diiktiraf secara rasmi sebagai milik komuniti Orang Asli.
* Tanah Orang Asli sering disasarkan untuk projek pembangunan, seperti empangan, ladang, dan perlombongan, yang boleh menyebabkan pemindahan dan kehilangan mata pencarian.

Penentuan diri:

* Komuniti Orang Asli mempunyai kawalan terhad ke atas hal ehwal mereka sendiri, dan kerajaan sering membuat keputusan bagi pihak mereka, yang boleh menjejaskan hak mereka untuk penentuan nasib sendiri.
* Kerajaan telah dikritik kerana tidak berunding dengan komuniti Orang Asli dengan secukupnya dalam perkara yang menjejaskan mereka, termasuk pengeluaran permit pembalakan dan penubuhan kawasan perlindungan.

Perlu diingat bahawa kerajaan Malaysia telah mengambil beberapa langkah untuk menangani kebimbangan orang asli, seperti penubuhan Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli (JAKOA) dan kelulusan Akta Orang Asli pada tahun 1954. Walau bagaimanapun, langkah-langkah ini tidak mencukupi dalam menangani isu sistemik yang menjejaskan komuniti Orang Asli.

Ringkasnya, walaupun saya tidak dapat menyatakan secara pasti mengapa kerajaan Malaysia terus menghadapi kritikan atas layanannya terhadap orang asli, terdapat isu yang didokumentasikan dengan baik berkaitan dengan hak tanah dan penentuan nasib sendiri yang patut diberi perhatian dan tindakan., Terdapat gesaan untuk membebaskan Anwar Ibrahim, seorang ahli politik Malaysia, dari penjara kerana dakwaan penganiayaan politik. Anwar telah menjadi tokoh terkemuka dalam politik Malaysia selama beberapa dekad dan telah berkhidmat sebagai Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan. Bagaimanapun, beliau juga telah menghabiskan masa di penjara pada dua kesempatan berasingan atas tuduhan liwat dan rasuah, yang didakwanya dan penyokongnya bermotifkan politik.

Kali pertama Anwar dipenjarakan adalah pada tahun 1999, apabila dia disabitkan dengan rasuah dan liwat dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara enam tahun. Pada masa itu, Anwar adalah Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan pewaris kepada Perdana Menteri Mahathir Mohamad ketika itu. Bagaimanapun, kedua-dua lelaki itu telah jatuh cinta, dan Anwar telah ditangkap dan didakwa dengan rasuah dan liwat. Anwar dan penyokongnya mendakwa bahawa pertuduhan itu bermotifkan politik, kerana ia datang sejurus selepas Anwar mengkritik kerajaan Mahathir dan menggesa pembaharuan.

Anwar dibebaskan dari penjara pada 2004, selepas Mahkamah Persekutuan membatalkan sabitan liwatnya. Bagaimanapun, pada 2015, dia sekali lagi disabitkan dengan liwat dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara lima tahun. Sekali lagi, Anwar dan penyokongnya mendakwa bahawa pertuduhan itu bermotifkan politik dan direka untuk menghalangnya daripada politik.

Terdapat banyak gesaan untuk Anwar dibebaskan dari penjara, baik di dalam mahupun di peringkat antarabangsa. Penyokongnya berhujah bahawa dia telah menjadi mangsa penganiayaan politik dan tuduhan terhadapnya adalah palsu. Mereka menunjukkan fakta bahawa liwat adalah haram di Malaysia, tetapi jarang dikuatkuasakan, kecuali dalam kes yang melibatkan ahli politik berprofil tinggi. Mereka juga berhujah bahawa proses undang-undang adalah tidak adil, dengan bukti utama dikecualikan dan saksi dihalang daripada memberi keterangan.

Organisasi hak asasi manusia, seperti Amnesty International dan Human Rights Watch, juga telah menggesa Anwar dibebaskan, dengan alasan bahawa pertuduhan terhadapnya bermotifkan politik dan bahawa dia telah dinafikan perbicaraan yang adil.

Ringkasnya, terdapat gesaan untuk Anwar Ibrahim dibebaskan dari penjara kerana dakwaan penganiayaan politik. Anwar telah disabitkan dengan liwat pada dua kesempatan berasingan, dan dia dan penyokongnya mendakwa bahawa pertuduhan itu palsu dan direka untuk menghalangnya daripada politik. Organisasi hak asasi manusia juga telah meminta pembebasannya, memetik kebimbangan mengenai penganiayaan politik dan kekurangan perbicaraan yang adil., source_sentence: Amat tauka bula, seiku orang politik ke chukup pegari suba iya nya bekau Presiden MCA Datuk Seri Ong Tee Kiat deka masuk nyadi kaban Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak (SNAP).
sentences: Why were my stats answer views 577,000 when my profile answer total was showing 541,000 views?, Bagaimanakah budaya politik dan norma Malaysia boleh diubah untuk mengutamakan ketelusan, akauntabiliti, dan tadbir urus yang baik, dan untuk mengurangkan insentif rasuah di kalangan ahli politik dan pegawai awam?, Amat tauka bula, seiku orang politik ke chukup pegari suba iya nya bekau Presiden MCA Datuk Seri Ong Tee Kiat deka masuk nyadi kaban Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak (SNAP)., source_sentence: The chaotic behavior of heart rate variability (HRV) is a complex phenomenon that reflects the intricate interplay between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the cardiovascular system, and other physiological systems. In healthy individuals, heart rate variability is characterized by a high degree of complexity and nonlinearity, which is indicative of a well-functioning and adaptable cardiovascular system. In contrast, individuals with cardiovascular diseases often exhibit reduced heart rate variability and altered chaotic dynamics, which can be indicative of impaired cardiovascular function and autonomic regulation.

In healthy individuals, the chaotic behavior of HRV arises from the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS. The sympathetic branch is responsible for increasing heart rate and preparing the body for action, while the parasympathetic branch is responsible for decreasing heart rate and promoting relaxation. The complex interplay between these two branches results in a highly variable and seemingly random heart rate pattern, which is actually a sign of a healthy and adaptable cardiovascular system.

In individuals with cardiovascular diseases, the chaotic behavior of HRV is often altered, with reduced complexity and increased regularity. This can be attributed to several factors, including:

1. Impaired autonomic regulation: Cardiovascular diseases can lead to dysfunction in the ANS, resulting in an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. This can lead to reduced HRV and altered chaotic dynamics.

2. Structural changes in the heart: Cardiovascular diseases can cause structural changes in the heart, such as fibrosis or hypertrophy, which can affect the electrical conduction system and alter the chaotic behavior of HRV.

3. Reduced baroreflex sensitivity: Baroreflex is a crucial mechanism that helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate. Cardiovascular diseases can impair baroreflex sensitivity, leading to reduced HRV and altered chaotic dynamics.

Applying chaos theory principles to improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases:

1. Early detection and risk stratification: By analyzing the chaotic behavior of HRV, clinicians can identify early signs of cardiovascular diseases and stratify patients based on their risk. This can help in the early detection of diseases and implementation of preventive measures.

2. Personalized treatment: Understanding the chaotic dynamics of HRV can help in designing personalized treatment plans for patients with cardiovascular diseases. For example, interventions aimed at restoring the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS can help improve HRV and overall cardiovascular function.

3. Monitoring treatment efficacy: The chaotic behavior of HRV can be used as a non-invasive biomarker to monitor the efficacy of treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Changes in HRV dynamics can provide valuable insights into the patient's response to treatment and help guide adjustments in therapy.

4. Development of novel therapeutic approaches: Insights from chaos theory can help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches that target the underlying mechanisms responsible for altered HRV dynamics in cardiovascular diseases. This can include pharmacological interventions, biofeedback techniques, or neuromodulation therapies.

In conclusion, understanding the chaotic behavior of heart rate variability in healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular diseases can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of these conditions and help improve diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. By applying chaos theory principles, researchers and clinicians can develop novel approaches to restore the complex and adaptive dynamics of HRV, ultimately improving cardiovascular health and patient outcomes.
sentences: Tingkah laku huru-hara kebolehubahan kadar denyutan jantung (HRV) ialah fenomena kompleks yang mencerminkan interaksi rumit antara sistem saraf autonomi (ANS), sistem kardiovaskular dan sistem fisiologi yang lain. Dalam individu yang sihat, kebolehubahan kadar denyutan jantung dicirikan oleh tahap kerumitan dan ketaklinearan yang tinggi, yang menunjukkan sistem kardiovaskular yang berfungsi dengan baik dan boleh disesuaikan. Sebaliknya, individu yang mempunyai penyakit kardiovaskular sering mempamerkan kebolehubahan kadar denyutan jantung yang berkurangan dan dinamik huru-hara yang diubah, yang boleh menunjukkan fungsi kardiovaskular terjejas dan peraturan autonomi.

Dalam individu yang sihat, tingkah laku huru-hara HRV timbul daripada keseimbangan antara cabang simpatik dan parasimpatetik ANS. Cabang simpatik bertanggungjawab untuk meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung dan menyediakan badan untuk bertindak, manakala cawangan parasimpatetik bertanggungjawab untuk mengurangkan kadar denyutan jantung dan menggalakkan kelonggaran. Interaksi kompleks antara kedua-dua cabang ini menghasilkan corak denyutan jantung yang sangat berubah-ubah dan kelihatan rawak, yang sebenarnya merupakan tanda sistem kardiovaskular yang sihat dan boleh disesuaikan.

Pada individu yang mempunyai penyakit kardiovaskular, tingkah laku huru-hara HRV sering diubah, dengan kerumitan yang berkurangan dan peningkatan keteraturan. Ini boleh dikaitkan dengan beberapa faktor, termasuk:

1. Regulasi autonomi terjejas: Penyakit kardiovaskular boleh membawa kepada disfungsi dalam ANS, mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan antara cabang bersimpati dan parasimpatetik. Ini boleh menyebabkan HRV berkurangan dan dinamik huru-hara yang diubah.

2. Perubahan struktur dalam jantung: Penyakit kardiovaskular boleh menyebabkan perubahan struktur dalam jantung, seperti fibrosis atau hipertrofi, yang boleh menjejaskan sistem pengaliran elektrik dan mengubah tingkah laku huru-hara HRV.

3. Kepekaan baroreflex yang dikurangkan: Baroreflex ialah mekanisme penting yang membantu mengawal tekanan darah dan degupan jantung. Penyakit kardiovaskular boleh menjejaskan sensitiviti baroreflex, membawa kepada pengurangan HRV dan dinamik huru-hara yang diubah.

Menggunakan prinsip teori huru-hara untuk meningkatkan diagnosis dan rawatan penyakit kardiovaskular:

1. Pengesanan awal dan stratifikasi risiko: Dengan menganalisis tingkah laku huru-hara HRV, doktor boleh mengenal pasti tanda-tanda awal penyakit kardiovaskular dan menstratifkan pesakit berdasarkan risiko mereka. Ini boleh membantu dalam pengesanan awal penyakit dan pelaksanaan langkah pencegahan.

2. Rawatan diperibadikan: Memahami dinamik huru-hara HRV boleh membantu dalam mereka bentuk pelan rawatan yang diperibadikan untuk pesakit dengan penyakit kardiovaskular. Sebagai contoh, intervensi yang bertujuan memulihkan keseimbangan antara cabang simpatik dan parasimpatetik ANS boleh membantu meningkatkan HRV dan fungsi kardiovaskular keseluruhan.

3. Memantau keberkesanan rawatan: Tingkah laku huru-hara HRV boleh digunakan sebagai biomarker bukan invasif untuk memantau keberkesanan rawatan untuk penyakit kardiovaskular. Perubahan dalam dinamik HRV boleh memberikan pandangan yang berharga tentang tindak balas pesakit terhadap rawatan dan membantu membimbing pelarasan dalam terapi.

4. Pembangunan pendekatan terapeutik baru: Pemahaman daripada teori huru-hara boleh membantu dalam pembangunan pendekatan terapeutik baru yang menyasarkan mekanisme asas yang bertanggungjawab terhadap dinamik HRV yang diubah dalam penyakit kardiovaskular. Ini boleh termasuk campur tangan farmakologi, teknik biofeedback, atau terapi neuromodulasi.

Kesimpulannya, memahami tingkah laku huru-hara kebolehubahan kadar denyutan jantung dalam individu yang sihat dan mereka yang mempunyai penyakit kardiovaskular boleh memberikan pandangan yang berharga tentang mekanisme asas keadaan ini dan membantu memperbaik diagnosis, stratifikasi risiko dan rawatan. Dengan menggunakan prinsip teori huru-hara, penyelidik dan doktor boleh membangunkan pendekatan baru untuk memulihkan dinamik HRV yang kompleks dan adaptif, akhirnya meningkatkan kesihatan kardiovaskular dan hasil pesakit., The Malaysian government has a long history of providing fuel subsidies, which dates back to the 1970s. The primary objective of these subsidies is to keep the cost of living low for Malaysians and to maintain economic stability. However, it is also true that these subsidies primarily benefit the wealthy and contribute to traffic congestion and air pollution.

Fuel subsidies are regressive, meaning that they disproportionately benefit higher-income individuals who consume more fuel. According to a 2017 study by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), 76% of fuel subsidies in Malaysia went to the top 60% of income earners, while only 7% went to the bottom 40%. This is because the wealthy tend to drive more and afford larger, fuel-inefficient vehicles.

Furthermore, fuel subsidies have been linked to traffic congestion and air pollution. By keeping fuel prices artificially low, the government encourages more driving, leading to increased traffic and longer commute times. This, in turn, contributes to air pollution, which is already a significant problem in Malaysia. In 2019, the World Air Quality Index ranked Kuala Lumpur as the 16th most polluted city in the world.

Despite these issues, the Malaysian government has been hesitant to remove fuel subsidies due to concerns about public backlash. However, in recent years, the government has taken steps to gradually reduce subsidies, replacing them with targeted assistance programs for low-income households.

In 2019, the government implemented the Bantuan Sara Hidup (BSH) program, which provides direct cash transfers to eligible low-income households. The program is intended to offset the impact of higher fuel prices, which resulted from the gradual reduction of subsidies. In 2020, the government further reduced fuel subsidies and introduced the targeted fuel price mechanism, where the price of fuel is adjusted according to market conditions, but the government still subsidizes a portion of the cost for lower-income households.

In conclusion, while fuel subsidies in Malaysia primarily benefit the wealthy and contribute to traffic congestion and air pollution, the government has taken steps to address these issues by gradually reducing subsidies and implementing targeted assistance programs. However, more can be done to ensure that subsidies are better targeted to those in need, and to encourage more sustainable transportation options., "Apakah kemungkinan punca kepupusan dinosaur dan haiwan prasejarah lain dan apakah bukti untuk menyokong setiap teori?", source_sentence: What do you do to get organized?
sentences: How do I get organized for school?, Pertimbangkan permukaan S yang ditakrifkan oleh persamaan x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 4. Dengan menggunakan teorem Gauss-Bonnet, tentukan jumlah kelengkungan S., What do you do to be organized?
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
Likes: 0 | All-time downloads: 92
Created: 2025-11-10 05:02:22