Model: mwalker22/AIE6-S09-b99b3324-c1e6-4624-bf18-42f7d114c011
Author: mwalker22
Pipeline: sentence-similarity
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, bert, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:157, loss:MatryoshkaLoss, loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss, arxiv:1908.10084, arxiv:2205.13147, arxiv:1705.00652, base_model:Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l, base_model:finetune:Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l, model-index, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
Card metadata: tags: sentence-transformers, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:157, loss:MatryoshkaLoss, loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
widget: source_sentence: How does the author describe Apple’s current LLM features compared to frontier LLM capabilities?
sentences: Those US export regulations on GPUs to China seem to have inspired some very effective training optimizations!
The environmental impact got better
A welcome result of the increased efficiency of the models—both the hosted ones and the ones I can run locally—is that the energy usage and environmental impact of running a prompt has dropped enormously over the past couple of years.
OpenAI themselves are charging 100x less for a prompt compared to the GPT-3 days. I have it on good authority that neither Google Gemini nor Amazon Nova (two of the least expensive model providers) are running prompts at a loss., Now that those features are rolling out they’re pretty weak. As an LLM power-user I know what these models are capable of, and Apple’s LLM features offer a pale imitation of what a frontier LLM can do. Instead we’re getting notification summaries that misrepresent news headlines and writing assistant tools that I’ve not found useful at all. Genmoji are kind of fun though.
The rise of inference-scaling “reasoning” models
The most interesting development in the final quarter of 2024 was the introduction of a new shape of LLM, exemplified by OpenAI’s o1 models—initially released as o1-preview and o1-mini on September 12th., A year ago, the only organization that had released a generally useful LLM was OpenAI. We’ve now seen better-than-GPT-3 class models produced by Anthropic, Mistral, Google, Meta, EleutherAI, Stability AI, TII in Abu Dhabi (Falcon), Microsoft Research, xAI, Replit, Baidu and a bunch of other organizations.
The training cost (hardware and electricity) is still significant—initially millions of dollars, but that seems to have dropped to the tens of thousands already. Microsoft’s Phi-2 claims to have used “14 days on 96 A100 GPUs”, which works out at around $35,000 using current Lambda pricing., source_sentence: What topics are covered in the articles related to GPT and LLMs in the provided context?
sentences: We already knew LLMs were spookily good at writing code. If you prompt them right, it turns out they can build you a full interactive application using HTML, CSS and JavaScript (and tools like React if you wire up some extra supporting build mechanisms)—often in a single prompt.
Anthropic kicked this idea into high gear when they released Claude Artifacts, a groundbreaking new feature that was initially slightly lost in the noise due to being described half way through their announcement of the incredible Claude 3.5 Sonnet.
With Artifacts, Claude can write you an on-demand interactive application and then let you use it directly inside the Claude interface.
Here’s my Extract URLs app, entirely generated by Claude:, Embeddings: What they are and why they matter
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47.4k, Things we learned about LLMs in 2024





















Simon Willison’s Weblog
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Things we learned about LLMs in 2024
31st December 2024
A lot has happened in the world of Large Language Models over the course of 2024. Here’s a review of things we figured out about the field in the past twelve months, plus my attempt at identifying key themes and pivotal moments.
This is a sequel to my review of 2023.
In this article:, source_sentence: How do longer inputs enhance the problem-solving capabilities of a large language model (LLM)?
sentences: Embeddings: What they are and why they matter
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47.4k, Longer inputs dramatically increase the scope of problems that can be solved with an LLM: you can now throw in an entire book and ask questions about its contents, but more importantly you can feed in a lot of example code to help the model correctly solve a coding problem. LLM use-cases that involve long inputs are far more interesting to me than short prompts that rely purely on the information already baked into the model weights. Many of my tools were built using this pattern., I’ve found myself using this a lot. I noticed how much I was relying on it in October and wrote Everything I built with Claude Artifacts this week, describing 14 little tools I had put together in a seven day period.
Since then, a whole bunch of other teams have built similar systems. GitHub announced their version of this—GitHub Spark—in October. Mistral Chat added it as a feature called Canvas in November.
Steve Krouse from Val Town built a version of it against Cerebras, showcasing how a 2,000 token/second LLM can iterate on an application with changes visible in less than a second., source_sentence: What was the significance of the GPT-4 barrier mentioned in the December 2023 review?
sentences: The environmental impact got much, much worse
The much bigger problem here is the enormous competitive buildout of the infrastructure that is imagined to be necessary for these models in the future.
Companies like Google, Meta, Microsoft and Amazon are all spending billions of dollars rolling out new datacenters, with a very material impact on the electricity grid and the environment. There’s even talk of spinning up new nuclear power stations, but those can take decades.
Is this infrastructure necessary? DeepSeek v3’s $6m training cost and the continued crash in LLM prices might hint that it’s not. But would you want to be the big tech executive that argued NOT to build out this infrastructure only to be proven wrong in a few years’ time?, The May 13th announcement of GPT-4o included a demo of a brand new voice mode, where the true multi-modal GPT-4o (the o is for “omni”) model could accept audio input and output incredibly realistic sounding speech without needing separate TTS or STT models.
The demo also sounded conspicuously similar to Scarlett Johansson... and after she complained the voice from the demo, Skye, never made it to a production product.
The delay in releasing the new voice mode after the initial demo caused quite a lot of confusion. I wrote about that in ChatGPT in “4o” mode is not running the new features yet., The GPT-4 barrier was comprehensively broken
In my December 2023 review I wrote about how We don’t yet know how to build GPT-4—OpenAI’s best model was almost a year old at that point, yet no other AI lab had produced anything better. What did OpenAI know that the rest of us didn’t?
I’m relieved that this has changed completely in the past twelve months. 18 organizations now have models on the Chatbot Arena Leaderboard that rank higher than the original GPT-4 from March 2023 (GPT-4-0314 on the board)—70 models in total., source_sentence: What licensing model does Qwen25-Coder-32B use?
sentences: Qwen2.5-Coder-32B is an LLM that can code well that runs on my Mac talks about Qwen2.5-Coder-32B in November—an Apache 2.0 licensed model!

I can now run a GPT-4 class model on my laptop talks about running Meta’s Llama 3.3 70B (released in December), Except... you can run generated code to see if it’s correct. And with patterns like ChatGPT Code Interpreter the LLM can execute the code itself, process the error message, then rewrite it and keep trying until it works!
So hallucination is a much lesser problem for code generation than for anything else. If only we had the equivalent of Code Interpreter for fact-checking natural language!
How should we feel about this as software engineers?
On the one hand, this feels like a threat: who needs a programmer if ChatGPT can write code for you?, The GPT-4 barrier was comprehensively broken
Some of those GPT-4 models run on my laptop
LLM prices crashed, thanks to competition and increased efficiency
Multimodal vision is common, audio and video are starting to emerge
Voice and live camera mode are science fiction come to life
Prompt driven app generation is a commodity already
Universal access to the best models lasted for just a few short months
“Agents” still haven’t really happened yet
Evals really matter
Apple Intelligence is bad, Apple’s MLX library is excellent
The rise of inference-scaling “reasoning” models
Was the best currently available LLM trained in China for less than $6m?
The environmental impact got better
The environmental impact got much, much worse
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics: cosine_accuracy@1, cosine_accuracy@3, cosine_accuracy@5, cosine_accuracy@10, cosine_precision@1, cosine_precision@3, cosine_precision@5, cosine_precision@10, cosine_recall@1, cosine_recall@3, cosine_recall@5, cosine_recall@10, cosine_ndcg@10, cosine_mrr@10, cosine_map@100
model-index: name: SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
results: task: type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset: name: Unknown
type: unknown
metrics: type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.9166666666666666
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
verified: no, type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
verified: no, type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
verified: no, type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.9166666666666666
name: Cosine Precision@1
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.3333333333333333
name: Cosine Precision@3
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.20000000000000004
name: Cosine Precision@5
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.10000000000000002
name: Cosine Precision@10
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.9166666666666666
name: Cosine Recall@1
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@3
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@3
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@5
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@10
verified: no, type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.9692441461309548
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
verified: no, type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.9583333333333334
name: Cosine Mrr@10
verified: no, type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.9583333333333334
name: Cosine Map@100
verified: no
Likes: 0 | All-time downloads: 32
Created: 2025-05-03 05:47:20