Model: along26/distilbert-base-manglish-multilingual-sentence-transformer
Author: along26
Pipeline: sentence-similarity
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, roberta, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, dense, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:139404, loss:TripletLoss, arxiv:1908.10084, arxiv:1703.07737, base_model:distilbert/distilroberta-base, base_model:finetune:distilbert/distilroberta-base, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: distilbert/distilroberta-base
Card metadata: tags: sentence-transformers, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, dense, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:139404, loss:TripletLoss
base_model: distilbert/distilroberta-base
widget: source_sentence: How does deforestation affect the biodiversity of a particular ecosystem, and what measures can be taken to mitigate these impacts?
sentences: Bagaimanakah penebangan hutan menjejaskan kepelbagaian biologi ekosistem tertentu, dan apakah langkah yang boleh diambil untuk mengurangkan kesan ini?, Kerajaan Malaysia, sejak pertukaran kuasa dalam pilihan raya umum 2018, telah mengambil beberapa langkah untuk menangani kebimbangan mengenai kronisme dan penyalahgunaan kuasa oleh ahli politik dan elit perniagaan, termasuk yang dikaitkan dengan bekas Perdana Menteri Najib Razak dan Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO).

1. Siasatan dan pertuduhan: Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) telah melancarkan penyiasatan ke atas beberapa kes dakwaan rasuah dan penyelewengan dana awam, termasuk skandal 1MDB, yang melibatkan penyelewengan berbilion dolar daripada dana pelaburan negeri. Najib Razak dan beberapa pegawai tinggi UMNO lain telah didakwa dan kini menghadapi perbicaraan atas pelbagai kesalahan berkaitan rasuah.

2. Rampasan aset: Sebagai sebahagian daripada penyiasatan, kerajaan Malaysia telah merampas aset dan akaun bank beku yang dikaitkan dengan mereka yang dituduh rasuah. Ini termasuk hartanah mewah, kenderaan mewah, dan karya seni berharga.

3. Perlindungan pemberi maklumat: Kerajaan telah memperkenalkan langkah-langkah untuk melindungi pemberi maklumat yang melaporkan kes rasuah dan salah laku. Akta Perlindungan Pemberi Maklumat 2010 telah dipinda pada 2018 untuk memperluaskan skop perlindungan dan menyediakan insentif yang lebih baik untuk pemberi maklumat.

4. Memperkukuh institusi: Kerajaan telah berjanji untuk mengukuhkan institusi utama yang bertanggungjawab untuk memerangi rasuah, seperti SPRM, Jabatan Peguam Negara, dan badan kehakiman. Ini termasuk usaha untuk meningkatkan kemerdekaan mereka, meningkatkan kapasiti mereka, dan meningkatkan akauntabiliti mereka.

5. Pelan Anti-Rasuah Nasional: Kerajaan telah melancarkan Pelan Anti-Rasuah Nasional (NACP), yang menggariskan strategi dan tindakan untuk mencegah dan memerangi rasuah di Malaysia. NACP meliputi pelbagai sektor, termasuk pentadbiran awam, penguatkuasaan undang-undang, perniagaan, dan masyarakat sivil.

6. Mempromosikan ketelusan dan akauntabiliti: Kerajaan telah memperkenalkan langkah-langkah untuk menggalakkan ketelusan dan akauntabiliti dalam pentadbiran awam, seperti pengenalan Akta Pengurusan Kewangan dan Akauntabiliti 1990 dan penubuhan Pihak Berkuasa Pelaporan Kewangan Kebangsaan (NFRA).

Usaha-usaha ini menunjukkan komitmen kerajaan Malaysia untuk menangani kebimbangan mengenai kronisme dan penyalahgunaan kuasa oleh ahli politik dan elit perniagaan. Walau bagaimanapun, adalah penting untuk ambil perhatian bahawa kejayaan langkah-langkah ini akan bergantung kepada pelaksanaan dan penguatkuasaan mereka, serta komitmen berterusan kerajaan dan pihak berkepentingan yang berkaitan untuk memerangi rasuah., Why is the Malaysian government so adamant about implementing the Klang Valley Double Tracking Project, even though it has been criticized for its high cost and lack of necessity?, source_sentence: Changing the surface chemistry of a solid surface can significantly affect the adsorption of proteins. The adsorption process depends on various factors such as surface charge, hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and chemical functional groups present on the surface. These factors influence protein-surface interactions, including electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals forces, as well as hydrogen bonding.

1. Surface charge: Proteins carry a net charge depending on their isoelectric point and the pH of the surrounding environment. A surface with a charge opposite to that of the protein will promote adsorption due to electrostatic attraction. For example, a negatively charged surface will attract positively charged proteins and vice versa.

2. Hydrophobicity: Hydrophobic surfaces tend to adsorb proteins more readily than hydrophilic surfaces. This is because proteins often have hydrophobic regions that interact favorably with hydrophobic surfaces, leading to a decrease in the system's overall free energy.

3. Surface roughness: Rough surfaces generally have a larger surface area available for protein adsorption compared to smooth surfaces. Additionally, surface roughness can create nanoscale topographies that influence protein conformation and orientation upon adsorption.

4. Chemical functional groups: The presence of specific chemical functional groups on the surface can promote or inhibit protein adsorption. For example, surfaces with carboxyl or amino groups can form hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions with proteins, enhancing adsorption.

Understanding these factors allows for the rational design of biomaterials for medical implants. By tailoring the surface chemistry of implant materials, it is possible to control protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses, which are crucial for the integration of the implant within the body. Some applications of this knowledge in biomaterials design include:

1. Enhancing biocompatibility: By controlling protein adsorption, it is possible to promote the attachment and growth of desirable cell types (e.g., osteoblasts for bone implants) while minimizing the attachment of undesirable cell types (e.g., bacteria or fibroblasts that can lead to implant failure).

2. Controlling immune response: Modifying the surface chemistry can help reduce the adsorption of proteins that trigger immune responses, thereby minimizing inflammation and improving the overall biocompatibility of the implant.

3. Drug delivery: Surface chemistry modifications can be used to adsorb specific proteins or peptides that have therapeutic effects, such as promoting tissue regeneration or inhibiting bacterial growth. This can create a localized drug delivery system that enhances the effectiveness of the implant.

In summary, understanding the relationship between surface chemistry and protein adsorption is essential for designing advanced biomaterials for medical implants. By tailoring surface properties, it is possible to control protein-surface interactions and improve the biocompatibility, integration, and overall performance of implantable devices.
sentences: Malaysia has a history of lacking transparency and accountability in its politics, with various issues and scandals highlighting the need for reform. This has led to calls for greater democracy and civic participation from various sectors of society. Here are some reasons for the current state of affairs and potential solutions:

Reasons for the lack of transparency and accountability:

1. Limited freedom of information: Malaysia's Official Secrets Act and the Printing Presses and Publications Act restrict the flow of information and make it difficult for the public to access data on government activities.
2. Weak oversight institutions: The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission, Election Commission, and other watchdog agencies lack the independence and resources to effectively monitor and investigate government actions.
3. Political patronage: The Barisan Nasional coalition, which governed Malaysia for over 60 years until its defeat in 2018, was accused of fostering a culture of political patronage, with government contracts and positions being distributed based on political connections rather than merit.
4. Barrier to entry for new parties: Strict regulations and high financial requirements make it challenging for new political parties to register and participate in elections, further consolidating power among established parties.
5. Limited civic education and participation: Malaysian society traditionally has low levels of civic engagement, with citizens having limited knowledge of their rights and responsibilities. This makes it easier for politicians to act without fear of repercussions.

Potential solutions to promote greater democracy and civic participation:

1. Strengthen oversight institutions: Malaysia should reform its institutions by ensuring their independence, granting them greater powers, and increasing their resources to effectively monitor and investigate government actions.
2. Improve access to information: Repeal or amend laws that restrict the free flow of information, such as the Official Secrets Act, and introduce a Freedom of Information Act to promote transparency and accountability.
3. Encourage civic participation: Implement comprehensive civic education programs in schools and communities to increase awareness of democratic principles and citizens' rights and responsibilities. This could include initiatives like town hall meetings, community forums, and public consultations.
4. Reduce the influence of political patronage: Promote meritocracy and equal opportunities by ensuring that government contracts and positions are awarded based on qualifications rather than political connections.
5. Simplify the registration process for political parties: Lower financial requirements and reduce bureaucratic hurdles for registering new political parties, encouraging greater political competition and diversity.
6. Increase media freedom: Decriminalize defamation, abolish restrictive media regulations, and promote independent journalism to ensure that Malaysians have access to diverse and accurate information.
7. Foster a culture of integrity and ethical behavior: Encourage public servants and politicians to adopt ethical practices and discourage corruption by implementing stricter penalties and transparent reporting mechanisms.

Statistic:
According to Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index 2021, Malaysia ranks 57th out of 180 countries, with a score of 51 out of 100, indicating a moderate level of corruption. This reflects the need for ongoing efforts to promote transparency and accountability in Malaysian politics., Bagaimanakah gaya kepimpinan Najib Razak disifatkan sebagai autokratik dan apakah kesan ini terhadap demokrasi Malaysia?, Mengubah kimia permukaan permukaan pepejal boleh menjejaskan penjerapan protein dengan ketara. Proses penjerapan bergantung kepada pelbagai faktor seperti cas permukaan, hidrofobisiti, kekasaran permukaan, dan kumpulan berfungsi kimia yang terdapat pada permukaan. Faktor ini mempengaruhi interaksi permukaan protein, termasuk daya elektrostatik, hidrofobik, dan van der Waals, serta ikatan hidrogen.

1. Caj permukaan: Protein membawa cas bersih bergantung pada titik isoelektriknya dan pH persekitaran sekeliling. Permukaan dengan cas yang bertentangan dengan protein akan menggalakkan penjerapan disebabkan oleh tarikan elektrostatik. Contohnya, permukaan yang bercas negatif akan menarik protein bercas positif dan begitu juga sebaliknya.

2. Hidrofobik: Permukaan hidrofobik cenderung untuk menyerap protein dengan lebih mudah daripada permukaan hidrofilik. Ini kerana protein selalunya mempunyai kawasan hidrofobik yang berinteraksi dengan baik dengan permukaan hidrofobik, yang membawa kepada penurunan tenaga bebas keseluruhan sistem.

3. Kekasaran permukaan: Permukaan kasar umumnya mempunyai luas permukaan yang lebih besar yang tersedia untuk penjerapan protein berbanding dengan permukaan licin. Selain itu, kekasaran permukaan boleh mencipta topografi skala nano yang mempengaruhi konformasi dan orientasi protein semasa penjerapan.

4. Kumpulan berfungsi kimia: Kehadiran kumpulan berfungsi kimia tertentu pada permukaan boleh menggalakkan atau menghalang penjerapan protein. Sebagai contoh, permukaan dengan kumpulan karboksil atau amino boleh membentuk ikatan hidrogen atau interaksi elektrostatik dengan protein, meningkatkan penjerapan.

Memahami faktor ini membolehkan reka bentuk rasional biomaterial untuk implan perubatan. Dengan menyesuaikan kimia permukaan bahan implan, adalah mungkin untuk mengawal penjerapan protein dan tindak balas selular seterusnya, yang penting untuk penyepaduan implan dalam badan. Beberapa aplikasi pengetahuan ini dalam reka bentuk biobahan termasuk:

1. Meningkatkan biokompatibiliti: Dengan mengawal penjerapan protein, adalah mungkin untuk menggalakkan perlekatan dan pertumbuhan jenis sel yang diingini (cth., osteoblas untuk implan tulang) sambil meminimumkan perlekatan jenis sel yang tidak diingini (cth., bakteria atau fibroblas yang boleh membawa kepada implan. kegagalan).

2. Mengawal tindak balas imun: Mengubah suai kimia permukaan boleh membantu mengurangkan penjerapan protein yang mencetuskan tindak balas imun, dengan itu meminimumkan keradangan dan meningkatkan keseluruhan biokeserasian implan.

3. Penghantaran ubat: Pengubahsuaian kimia permukaan boleh digunakan untuk menyerap protein atau peptida tertentu yang mempunyai kesan terapeutik, seperti menggalakkan pertumbuhan semula tisu atau menghalang pertumbuhan bakteria. Ini boleh mewujudkan sistem penghantaran ubat setempat yang meningkatkan keberkesanan implan.

Ringkasnya, memahami hubungan antara kimia permukaan dan penjerapan protein adalah penting untuk mereka bentuk biomaterial termaju untuk implan perubatan. Dengan menyesuaikan sifat permukaan, adalah mungkin untuk mengawal interaksi permukaan protein dan meningkatkan biokompatibiliti, integrasi, dan prestasi keseluruhan peranti boleh implan., source_sentence: What is the correlation between the size of a gold nanoparticle and its electronic and optical properties? Can the properties of a gold nanoparticle be calculated using quantum chemistry methods? How do the electronic and optical properties of gold nanoparticles change when other elements are doped into the structure?
sentences: Apakah korelasi antara saiz nanozarah emas dan sifat elektronik dan optiknya? Bolehkah sifat nanopartikel emas dikira menggunakan kaedah kimia kuantum? Bagaimanakah sifat elektronik dan optik nanozarah emas berubah apabila unsur-unsur lain didopkan ke dalam struktur?, Apakah hubungan saraf kesedaran, dan bagaimana mereka berbeza daripada keadaan minda atau tidur yang tidak sedarkan diri?, The Malaysian government and civil society have taken several steps to address racial discrimination and promote equal rights for all citizens, albeit at varying levels of success. Here are some notable initiatives and organizations:

1. Government initiatives:
	* National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC): Established in 2013, the NUCC aimed to foster national unity by promoting dialogue and finding solutions to address racial and religious issues. The council proposed the National Harmony Act to address inter-racial and inter-religious disputes and promote racial harmony. Although the act has yet to be passed, the NUCC made a significant contribution to the discussion on racial equality in Malaysia.
	* New Economic Model (NEM): Introduced in 2010, the NEM aimed to transform Malaysia's economic structure from resource-based to a more innovation-driven, inclusive, and sustainable economy. The NEM aimed to reduce reliance on affirmative action policies and promote meritocracy and equal opportunities for all races. While the NEM has made some progress, the implementation of its recommendations has been uneven, and progress towards a more inclusive economy has been slow.
	* Racial Discrimination Act: In 2018, the Pakatan Harapan government proposed an anti-discrimination law to protect the rights of all Malaysians, regardless of race, religion, or gender. The bill has been drafted but is yet to be tabled in Parliament.
2. Civil society organizations:
	* Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism and Taoism (MCCBCHST): A prominent interfaith organization that advocates for religious and racial harmony in Malaysia. MCCBCHST has been vocal about racial and religious issues and has called for the government to enact anti-discrimination laws to protect minorities' rights.
	* SUARAM: A human rights organization that advocates for equality and non-discrimination. SUARAM has been actively involved in campaigns and initiatives promoting human rights, justice, and freedom in Malaysia.
	* The Association of Voices of Iban Siaya (Pembela): A non-governmental organization that aims to promote equal rights and opportunities for all Malaysians, especially the marginalized communities. Pembela has been advocating for the review of affirmative action policies and the promotion of merit-based systems.
	* ENGAGE: A think-tank that conducts research and advocacy work related to social and economic issues in Malaysia. ENGAGE has been involved in promoting a more inclusive and equitable economy, especially for marginalized communities.

While there have been some notable initiatives and organizations working towards racial equality and equal rights, progress has been slow and uneven. Some of the challenges in addressing racial discrimination and inequality in Malaysia include a lack of political will, entrenched societal norms, and the persistence of historical imbalances. Despite these challenges, there is a growing awareness and recognition of the need for change, and civil society organizations and some political actors continue to advocate for a more equitable and inclusive Malaysia for all citizens., source_sentence: Why have there been calls for the resignation of other high-ranking officials and politicians implicated in the 1MDB scandal, in addition to Najib Razak?
sentences: How does the size and location of a marine protected area affect its effectiveness in conserving marine biodiversity?, Mengapa terdapat jurang kekayaan yang semakin meningkat antara yang kaya dan yang miskin di Malaysia?, Mengapa terdapat gesaan untuk peletakan jawatan pegawai tinggi dan ahli politik lain yang terlibat dalam skandal 1MDB, selain Najib Razak?, source_sentence: A Sophie Germain prime is a prime number p such that 2p + 1 is also prime. The smallest Sophie Germain prime greater than 100 is 107, because 107 is prime and 2(107) + 1 = 215 + 1 = 216, which is also prime.
sentences: Dalam teori medan kuantum dimensi 1+1, kami mempertimbangkan dua medan skalar φ(x) dan ψ(y) dengan jisim m1 dan m2, masing-masing. Pengembangan produk operator (OPE) ialah pengembangan rasmi produk kedua-dua bidang ini dari segi operator tempatan pada satu titik. Kami menganggap bahawa kedua-dua medan dipisahkan dengan jarak x = |x - y|. OPE boleh ditulis sebagai:

φ(x)ψ(y) = ∑_n C_n(x-y) O_n(y),

dengan C_n(x-y) ialah pekali OPE dan O_n(y) ialah pengendali tempatan.

Untuk mencari istilah utama dan subleading dalam pengembangan, kita perlu mempertimbangkan dimensi penskalaan medan dan pengendali. Dimensi penskalaan medan skalar dengan jisim m dalam dimensi 1+1 diberikan oleh:

Δ = (1/2) + √((1/4) + m^2),

di mana kita telah menetapkan kelajuan cahaya c dan pemalar Planck yang dikurangkan ħ kepada 1 untuk kesederhanaan.

Untuk istilah utama dalam OPE, kami menganggap pengendali identiti O_0(y) = I, yang mempunyai dimensi penskalaan Δ_0 = 0. Pekali OPE C_0(x-y) diberikan oleh:

C_0(x-y) = (x-y)^(-Δ_φ - Δ_ψ),

dengan Δ_φ dan Δ_ψ ialah dimensi penskalaan bagi medan φ(x) dan ψ(y), masing-masing.

Istilah subleading dalam OPE melibatkan tensor tenaga-tegasan T(y), yang mempunyai dimensi penskalaan Δ_T = 2. Pekali OPE C_T(x-y) diberikan oleh:

C_T(x-y) = (x-y)^(-Δ_φ - Δ_ψ + Δ_T).

Apabila kedua-dua medan mempunyai jisim m1 dan m2 yang berbeza, dimensi penskalaan mereka akan berbeza:

Δ_φ = (1/2) + √((1/4) + m1^2),
Δ_ψ = (1/2) + √((1/4) + m2^2).

Ini akan menjejaskan pekali OPE C_0(x-y) dan C_T(x-y), tetapi struktur keseluruhan OPE kekal sama. Istilah utama masih akan diberikan oleh pengendali identiti, dan istilah subleading masih akan melibatkan tensor tenaga-tegasan., Mahathir Mohamad, who has served as the Prime Minister of Malaysia on two separate occasions (1981-2003 and 2018-2020), has been accused of authoritarian tendencies due to his actions and policies that concentrated power in the executive branch, undermined the independence of the judiciary, and suppressed political dissent during his tenure. Some of the key actions and impacts of his leadership on Malaysia's democratic institutions and the rule of law include:

1. Strengthening the executive branch: Mahathir consolidated power within the office of the Prime Minister and weakened other democratic institutions. He introduced various constitutional amendments that expanded the powers of the Prime Minister, allowing for greater control over the appointment and removal of key government officials, including the Attorney General, the Chief Justice, and members of the Election Commission.
2. Undermining the independence of the judiciary: Mahathir's government was involved in several high-profile cases that raised concerns about the independence and integrity of the Malaysian judiciary. In 1988, Mahathir initiated a controversial amendment to the Constitution, which led to the removal and detention of the Lord President of the Supreme Court, Tun Salleh Abas, and two other Supreme Court judges. This event significantly undermined the independence of the judiciary, as it demonstrated the executive's ability to interfere in the judicial process.
3. Suppressing political dissent: Mahathir's government took various measures to suppress political dissent and restrict civil liberties, including the use of the Internal Security Act (ISA) to detain opposition leaders, activists, and journalists without trial. The ISA was widely criticized for being an instrument of political repression, and its use led to the arrest of several high-profile individuals, including the Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim in 1998.
4. Weakening the rule of law: Mahathir's government was involved in various scandals and controversies that raised questions about the rule of law in Malaysia. For instance, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis led to the introduction of controversial policies, such as capital controls, that were seen as undermining the rule of law and the sanctity of contracts. Additionally, Mahathir's handling of Anwar Ibrahim's sodomy charges and subsequent trial was widely criticized for being politically motivated and lacking due process.

In conclusion, Mahathir Mohamad has been accused of authoritarian tendencies due to his actions and policies that undermined democratic institutions, weakened the independence of the judiciary, suppressed political dissent, and eroded the rule of law during his tenure as Prime Minister. While he has been praised for his role in Malaysia's economic development and modernization, his legacy has been marred by concerns about his approach to governance and human rights., Perdana Sophie Germain ialah nombor perdana p supaya 2p + 1 juga adalah perdana. Perdana Sophie Germain terkecil yang lebih besar daripada 100 ialah 107, kerana 107 ialah perdana dan 2(107) + 1 = 215 + 1 = 216, yang juga perdana.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
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Created: 2025-11-04 22:05:17