Model: Gonalb/flucold-ft-v0
Author: Gonalb
Pipeline: sentence-similarity
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, bert, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:334, loss:MatryoshkaLoss, loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss, arxiv:1908.10084, arxiv:2205.13147, arxiv:1705.00652, base_model:Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l, base_model:finetune:Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l, model-index, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
Card metadata: tags: sentence-transformers, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:334, loss:MatryoshkaLoss, loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
widget: source_sentence: QUESTION #1: What are the potential adverse effects associated with the use of peramivir?
sentences: although poultry-to-human and human-to-human trans -
mission remains relatively low. Despite low transmissibility, 
the reported fatality rate is high (approximately 60%).14
Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) 
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 
and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) 
recommend annual influenza vaccination for all people six 
months and older who do not have contraindications. 15,16 
Vaccination efforts should target people at increased risk of 
complicated or severe influenza (Table 117-19) and those who 
care for or live with high-risk individuals, including health 
care professionals. 15 Two previous FPM articles provided, increased sensitivity to pain.60 These cytokines are also
associated with URTIs and may mediate mood changes
associated with these infections.
Anorexia
Anorexia is a common behavioural response to URTIs,
and this response has entered the folklore as advice to
Figure 4: Fever is caused by cytokines released from macrophages and other
immune cells
The cytokines may act on vagal nerve endings or enter the brain to cause a
resetting of the temperature control centre in the hypothalamus. The
hypothalamus causes shivering and constriction of skin blood vessels and also
initiates a sensation of chilliness that is perceived at the level of the cerebral
cortex. IL=interleukin; TNF=tumour necrosis factor.
Vagal
nerves
ShiveringMacrophages, older who have been 
symptomatic for no 
more than 48 hours
Contraindicated in people 
with serious hypersensitivity or 
anaphylaxis to peramivir or any 
component of the product
Potential adverse effects include 
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and 
neutropenia
Weigh risks and benefits during 
pregnancy; no human data 
available; no known risk of 
embryo-fetal toxicity based on 
animal data at 8 times the recom -
mended human dose; possible 
risk of embryo-fetal toxicity with 
continuous intravenous infusion 
based on limited animal data
Baloxavir (Xofluza), 
available as oral 
tablets
NA ($160) Adults and children 12 years 
and older:  
88 to 174 lb (40 to 79 kg):  
single dose of 40 mg  
≥ 175 lb (80 kg):  single dose 
of 80 mg, source_sentence: Why is Influenza A most responsible for causing pandemics?
sentences: on the first day of symptoms, medications containing ibu -
profen and pseudoephedrine may reduce the severity of cold 
symptoms.35 Antihistamine monotherapy is not effective 
for relieving cough.6,23
Ipratropium. Inhaled ipratropium is the only medication 
that improves persistent cough related to URI in adults. 24,36  
TABLE 1
Differential Diagnosis for the Common Cold
Diagnosis
Symptom 
onset Cough Sore throat Fever Rhinorrhea Aches Watery eyes Sneezing
Nasal  
congestion Headache
Shortness  
of breath
Acute 
bronchitis
Gradual Prominent, per-
sistent, dry or wet
Common None or low 
grade
Uncommon Mild Common Uncommon Uncommon Common, mild Common
Allergic 
rhinitis
Gradual Common, chronic Possible, especially 
on awakening
None Common,, Patient information:   Handouts on this topic are available 
at https:// family doctor.org/preventing-the-flu and https:// 
family doctor.org/flu-myths.
Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Three types of influ-
enza cause disease in humans. Influenza A is the type most responsible for causing pandemics because of its high susceptibility 
to antigenic variation. Influenza is highly contagious, and the hallmark of infection is abrupt onset of fever, cough, chills or 
sweats, myalgias, and malaise. For most patients in the outpatient setting, the diagnosis is made clinically, and laboratory con-, www.aafp.org/fpm/2017/0900/p6.html
 22.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu):  immuno -
genicity, efficacy, and effectiveness of influenza vaccines. Updated 
August 23, 2018. Accessed January 22, 2019. https:// www.cdc.gov/flu/
professionals/acip/2018-2019/background/immunogenicity.htm
 23.  DiazGranados CA, Dunning AJ, Kimmel M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose 
versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 
2014; 371(7): 635-645.
 24.  DiazGranados CA, Robertson CA, Talbot HK, et al. Prevention of serious 
events in adults 65 years of age or older:  a comparison between high-
dose and standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines. Vaccine. 2015;  
33(38): 4988-4993., source_sentence: How does the negative likelihood ratio for digital immunoassays compare between adults and children for Influenza A?
sentences: 17.  Erlikh IV, Abraham S, Kondamudi VK. Management of influenza. Am 
Fam Physician . 2010;  82(9): 1087-1095. Accessed September  5, 2019. 
https:// www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1101/p1087.html
 18.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu):  for clini -
cians:  antiviral medication. Updated Decemebr 27, 2018. Accessed 
February 24, 2019. https:// www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/
summary-clinicians.htm
 19.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu):  guide for  
considering influenza testing. Updated March 4, 2019. Accessed Octo -
ber 5, 2019. https:// www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/consider-
influenza-testing.htm, TABLE 3
Accuracy of Point-of-Care Tests for Influenza
Test
Positive  
likelihood  
ratio
Negative 
likelihood 
ratio
Low prevalence (5%) High prevalence (33%)
Positive 
predictive 
value (%)
Negative 
predictive 
value (%)
Positive 
predictive 
value (%)
Negative 
predictive 
value (%)
Influenza A
Adults       
Commercially available rapid influenza tests 85 0.58 82 3 98 22
Digital immunoassays 23 0.25 55 1 92 11
Rapid nucleic acid amplification tests 44 0.13 70 1 96 6
Children       
Commercially available rapid influenza tests 76 0.39 80 2 97 16
Digital immunoassays 46 0.13 71 1 96 6
Rapid nucleic acid amplification tests 90 0.10 83 0 98 5
Influenza B
Adults       
Commercially available rapid influenza tests 332 0.67 95 3 99 25, recommended dosages. 28 However, extended treatment 
courses may be indicated in critically ill patients. 18 Support-
ive treatment and management of complications, including 
potential secondary bacterial pneumonia, are paramount. 
Corticosteroids are not recommended unless the patient 
has another approved indication for their use.18,28 Treatment 
resistance should be considered in patients who take anti -
virals and develop lower respiratory tract disease, although 
this is less likely than natural disease progression and more 
common in immunosuppressed patients.18
Pregnancy is an independent risk factor for complicated 
influenza. The risk of maternal death increases with each, source_sentence: What is the role of ipratropium in the treatment of the common cold according to the context?
sentences: sistent, dry or wet
Common None or low 
grade
Uncommon Mild Common Uncommon Uncommon Common, mild Common
Allergic 
rhinitis
Gradual Common, chronic Possible, especially 
on awakening
None Common, 
prominent
None Common Prominent Common Uncommon Uncommon
Bacterial 
sinusitis
Gradual Common Common Common Common Common Uncommon Uncommon Common Common Uncommon
Common 
cold
Gradual Common, dry Common None or low 
grade
Common Mild Common Common Common Common, mild Uncommon
Influenza Abrupt Common, dry 
hacking
Common Characteristic;    
high and rises 
rapidly
Common Early, 
prominent
Uncommon Uncommon Possible Prominent Uncommon
Pertussis Gradual Prominent, parox-
ysmal, whoop-like
Uncommon None or low 
grade, common cold are inhibited by intranasal administration
of ipratropium.25 The nasal discharge also consists of a
protein-rich plasma exudate derived from subepithelial
capillaries,28 which may explain why anticholinergics
only partly inhibit nasal discharge associated with
URTIs.27
The colour of nasal discharge and sputum is often
used as a clinical marker to determine whether or not to
prescribe antibiotics but there is no evidence from the
literature that supports this concept,29 since colour
changes in nasal discharge or sputum reﬂect the severity
of the inﬂammatory response30 rather than the nature of
the infection. Much of the literature relates to colour
changes in sputum and the lower airways but the same, release by leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1). A mechanism for the
increased degradation of muscle proteins during fever. N Engl J
Med1983; 308: 553–58.
64 Kotler DP. Cachexia. Ann Intern Med2000; 133: 622–34. 
65 Ferreira SH. Prostaglandins, pain, and inﬂammation. Agents
Actions Suppl1986; 19: 91–98., source_sentence: QUESTION #1: How might changes in posture from sitting to supine affect sinus pain according to the context?
sentences: gas absorption from the sinus and “vacuum maxillary
sinusitis”.37 However, sinuses with patent ostia may also
be painful, indicating that the generation of
inﬂammatory mediators within the sinus may be
sufﬁcient to trigger the sensation of pain either by direct
stimulation of pain nerve ﬁbres or via distension of blood
vessels that are also served by sensory nerves.36 Changes
in posture from sitting to supine cause an increase in
sinus pain that may be related to dilation of the blood
vessels draining the sinus caused by an increase in
venous pressure. Pressure changes in the sinus may also
cause pain by stimulation of branches of the trigeminal
nerve that course in and around the sinuses.37
Watery eyes, American Indians and Alaska Natives
Children younger than 5 years (particularly those younger 
than 2 years)
Institutionalized adults (e.g., residents of nursing homes or 
chronic care facilities)
Pregnant and postpartum women (up to 2 weeks postpartum, 
including pregnancy loss)
Adapted with permission from Erlikh IV, Abraham S, Kondamudi VK. 
Management of influenza. Am Fam Physician. 2010; 82(9): 1088, with 
additional information from references 18 and 19., sary Antibiotics
Step Examples
Explain why 
antibiotics will 
not help
“The common cold is caused by a virus, so antibiot -
ics won’t help.”
“Antibiotics can’t fight viruses like colds. Taking them 
won’t do any good this time and may hurt their 
chances of fighting bacterial infections you might 
get in the future.”
Suggest treat-
ments that might 
help
“You can try honey for your cough, ibuprofen or 
acetaminophen for your muscle aches, and nasal or 
oral decongestants with or without an antihistamine 
for your congestion.”
Manage expec-
tations for length 
of illness
“Cold viruses can make you feel lousy. Most people 
start to feel better after about a week, but some -
times the cough can last even longer, especially if 
you smoke.”
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics: cosine_accuracy@1, cosine_accuracy@3, cosine_accuracy@5, cosine_accuracy@10, cosine_precision@1, cosine_precision@3, cosine_precision@5, cosine_precision@10, cosine_recall@1, cosine_recall@3, cosine_recall@5, cosine_recall@10, cosine_ndcg@10, cosine_mrr@10, cosine_map@100
model-index: name: SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
results: task: type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset: name: Unknown
type: unknown
metrics: type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.75
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
verified: no, type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.9166666666666666
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
verified: no, type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
verified: no, type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.75
name: Cosine Precision@1
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.3055555555555555
name: Cosine Precision@3
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.19999999999999998
name: Cosine Precision@5
verified: no, type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.09999999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@10
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.75
name: Cosine Recall@1
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.9166666666666666
name: Cosine Recall@3
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@5
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@5
verified: no, type: cosine_recall@10
value: 1
name: Cosine Recall@10
verified: no, type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.8864909792836682
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
verified: no, type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.8486111111111113
name: Cosine Mrr@10
verified: no, type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.8486111111111111
name: Cosine Map@100
verified: no
Likes: 0 | All-time downloads: 58
Created: 2025-02-22 17:02:59