Model: jiwonyou0420/encoder-qa-finetuned-full
Author: jiwonyou0420
Pipeline: sentence-similarity
Library: sentence-transformers
Tags: sentence-transformers, safetensors, bert, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:173416, loss:CosineSimilarityLoss, arxiv:1908.10084, base_model:jiwonyou0420/MNLP_M2_document_encoder, base_model:finetune:jiwonyou0420/MNLP_M2_document_encoder, text-embeddings-inference, endpoints_compatible, region:us
Base models (finetune): id: jiwonyou0420/MNLP_M2_document_encoder
Card metadata: tags: sentence-transformers, sentence-similarity, feature-extraction, generated_from_trainer, dataset_size:173416, loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
base_model: jiwonyou0420/MNLP_M2_document_encoder
widget: source_sentence: A double-slit apparatus has a slit separation of 0.25 mm and a distance of 1 m from the screen. A laser beam with a wavelength of 633 nm is incident normally on the slits. What is the distance between the central bright fringe and the third bright fringe on the screen?
sentences: to find the distance between the central bright fringe and the third bright fringe on the screen, we can use the formula for the position of bright fringes in a double - slit interference pattern : y = ( m * λ * l ) / d where : - y is the distance from the central bright fringe to the m - th bright fringe - m is the order of the bright fringe ( m = 0 for the central bright fringe, m = 1 for the first bright fringe, etc. ) - λ is the wavelength of the light ( in this case, 633 nm or 633 * 10 ^ ( - 9 ) m ) -, z1 = 1 + ( 1 - a ^ 2 ) ^ ( 1 / 3 ) * ( ( 1 + a ) ^ ( 1 / 3 ) + ( 1 - a ) ^ ( 1 / 3 ) ) and z2 = sqrt ( 3 * a ^ 2 + z1 ^ 2 ), and a is the dimensionless spin parameter of the black hole. given that the spin of the black hole is 0. 9 : a = 0. 9 now we can calculate z1 and z2 : z1 = 1 + ( 1 - 0. 9 ^ 2 ) ^ ( 1 / 3 ) * ( ( 1, gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects, such as merging black holes or neutron stars. these waves propagate through spacetime at the speed of light, carrying energy away from the source of the disturbance. gravitational waves affect the curvature of spacetime by causing it to stretch and compress in specific ways as they pass through. the specific changes in the geometry of spacetime caused by the passage of a gravitational wave can be described using the metric tensor, which is a mathematical object that encodes the properties of the spacetime geometry. in the presence of a weak gravitational wave, the metric, source_sentence: How can the search for dark matter particles be conducted using particle acceleration and collision experiments? What are the potential signatures and outcomes that could indicate the presence of dark matter particles?
sentences: cosmic microwave background, and the large - scale structure of the universe suggest that dark energy makes up about 68 % of the total energy content of the universe, with w close to - 1. in summary, the presence of dark energy in the framework of general relativity causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate due to its negative pressure. the exact effect on the expansion rate depends on the properties of dark energy, but current observations suggest that it makes up a significant portion of the universe ' s energy content and has a near - constant equation of state parameter., of displaced water * g where g is the acceleration due to gravity ( approximately 9. 81 m / s² or 981 cm / s² ). weight = ( 1 g / cm³ * ( 3 / 4 ) * a³ cm³ ) * 981 cm / s² finally, according to archimedes ' principle, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water : buoyant force = weight buoyant force = ( 1 g / cm³ * ( 3 / 4 ) * a³ cm³ ) * 981 cm / s², vector potential of the magnetic field, even if the magnetic field itself is zero at the particle ' s location. this effect leads to a shift in the energy levels of the string ' s vibrational modes, which in turn can change the properties of the particles and forces associated with the string. understanding how magnetic fields affect strings in string theory can provide insights into the properties of condensed matter systems. condensed matter systems, such as solids and liquids, are composed of a large number of interacting particles, and their behavior can be strongly influenced by electromagnetic fields. by studying how strings respond to magnetic fields, we can gain a deeper understanding of the underlying quantum, source_sentence: "What is the correlation between cosmic ray exposure and the rate of mutations in biological organisms, and how does this affect the evolution of life in the universe?"
sentences: there are several methods and instruments used in the detection and observation of black holes, which help us understand their properties and behavior. these methods often rely on the indirect effects that black holes have on their surroundings, as black holes themselves do not emit light or radiation that can be directly observed. some of the key methods and instruments include : 1. gravitational lensing : black holes have immense gravitational pull, which can bend the light from distant objects behind them. this effect, known as gravitational lensing, can be observed using telescopes like the hubble space telescope. by studying the lensing patterns, astronomers can infer the presence of a black, in regions where the density fluctuations were sufficiently large, the gravitational forces overcame the outward pressure, leading to the formation of primordial black holes. evidence supporting the relationship between cosmic inflation and primordial black holes includes : 1. cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) : the cmb is the thermal radiation left over from the early universe, and its temperature fluctuations provide strong evidence for cosmic inflation. these fluctuations also serve as the initial seeds for the formation of large - scale structures, including primordial black holes. 2. large - scale structure of the universe : the distribution of galaxies and galaxy clusters in the universe can be explained by the, rates of cell death, cancer, and other negative consequences for organisms. the earth ' s atmosphere and magnetic field provide a natural shield against cosmic rays, reducing the exposure of life on our planet. however, the level of protection varies depending on factors such as altitude, latitude, and solar activity. organisms living in space or on other celestial bodies with weaker or no protective shields would be exposed to higher levels of cosmic rays, potentially affecting their mutation rates and evolutionary trajectories. in summary, there is a correlation between cosmic ray exposure and the rate of mutations in biological organisms, which can influence the evolution of life. the specific effects depend, source_sentence: What experimental evidence is there for the existence of extra dimensions predicted by string theory?
sentences: , creating radiation belts around planets, such as earth ' s van allen belts. these belts can have varying intensities depending on the strength of the magnetic field and the influx of cosmic rays. implications for habitability : 1. atmospheric loss : cosmic rays can contribute to the sputtering of a planet ' s or moon ' s atmosphere. when these high - energy particles collide with atmospheric particles, they can eject them into space, leading to a gradual loss of atmosphere. a strong magnetic field can help protect the atmosphere by deflecting cosmic rays. 2. radiation hazards : cosmic rays can pose a radiation hazard for life on, renormalization is a technique used in quantum field theory, including quantum electrodynamics ( qed ), to address the issue of infinities that arise in calculations of physical quantities, such as the self - energy of an electron. the self - energy represents the interaction of an electron with its own electromagnetic field, which leads to a correction to its mass and charge. however, when calculated using perturbation theory, the self - energy contains divergent integrals, which yield infinite results. to obtain a physically meaningful, finite value, we use the renormalization technique. the renormalization process involves the following steps :, astronomers detect and observe black holes using various indirect methods, as black holes themselves do not emit light or radiation that can be directly observed. they rely on the effects that black holes have on their surrounding environment, such as the gravitational influence on nearby stars and the emission of radiation from the accretion of matter. here are some key techniques used to detect and study black holes : 1. gravitational influence on nearby stars : astronomers observe the motion of stars near the suspected location of a black hole. if the stars are orbiting around an invisible point, it could indicate the presence of a black hole. by analyzing the motion of these stars, astronomers, source_sentence: A physics student wants to know how to calculate the trajectory of a relativistic particle moving at a constant velocity. The particle's initial position is (0, 0) and its velocity is v = 0.8c, where c is the speed of light. The student also knows that the particle experiences no forces during its motion. What is the equation for the particle's trajectory as a function of time in terms of its initial position and velocity? How long does it take for the particle to reach a point where x = 2 meters?
sentences: the ferroelectric behavior of a crystal is highly dependent on external factors such as pressure and temperature. ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by an external electric field. this behavior arises due to the displacement of ions within the crystal lattice, leading to the formation of electric dipoles. the ferroelectric properties of a crystal can be altered by changes in external pressure and temperature, which affect the crystal lattice and the stability of the polarized state. 1. effect of temperature : the ferroelectric behavior of a crystal is strongly influenced by temperature. as the temperature increases, the thermal energy causes, where x ( t ) is the position of the particle at time t, x0 is the initial position ( 0 in this case ), and v is the velocity ( 0. 8c ). now, we want to find the time it takes for the particle to reach a point where x = 2 meters. to do this, we can set x ( t ) = 2 and solve for t : 2 = 0 + ( 0. 8c ) * t t = 2 / ( 0. 8c ) since c is the speed of light, which is approximately 3 x 10 ^ 8 meters per second, we can substitute this value, nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) is a phenomenon that occurs when atomic nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re - emit electromagnetic radiation. this principle can be applied in quantum computing through the use of qubits, which are the fundamental building blocks of quantum computers. in nmr - based quantum computing, the nuclear spins of atoms are used as qubits, and their interactions with magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses are manipulated to perform quantum operations. there are several ways nmr can be applied in quantum computing : 1. initialization : the nuclear spins can be polarized using a strong magnetic field, creating an initial
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
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Created: 2025-06-09 15:44:40