LIBERO-Plus: In-depth Robustness Analysis of Vision-Language-Action
  Models
Authors: name: Senyu Fei; name: Siyin Wang; name: Junhao Shi; name: Zihao Dai; name: Jikun Cai; name: Pengfang Qian; name: Li Ji; name: Xinzhe He; name: Shiduo Zhang; name: Zhaoye Fei; name: Jinlan Fu; name: Jingjing Gong; name: Xipeng Qiu
Published: 2025-10-15 14:51:36

Abstract: Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models report impressive success rates on
robotic manipulation benchmarks, yet these results may mask fundamental
weaknesses in robustness. We perform a systematic vulnerability analysis by
introducing controlled perturbations across seven dimensions: objects layout,
camera viewpoints, robot initial states, language instructions, light
conditions, background textures and sensor noise. We comprehensively analyzed
multiple state-of-the-art models and revealed consistent brittleness beneath
apparent competence. Our analysis exposes critical weaknesses: models exhibit
extreme sensitivity to perturbation factors, including camera viewpoints and
robot initial states, with performance dropping from 95% to below 30% under
modest perturbations. Surprisingly, models are largely insensitive to language
variations, with further experiments revealing that models tend to ignore
language instructions completely. Our findings challenge the assumption that
high benchmark scores equate to true competency and highlight the need for
evaluation practices that assess reliability under realistic variation.