Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM Generation via Concurrent Attention
Authors: name: Gleb Rodionov; name: Roman Garipov; name: Alina Shutova; name: George Yakushev; name: Vage Egiazarian; name: Anton Sinitsin; name: Denis Kuznedelev; name: Dan Alistarh
Published: 2025-04-08 17:59:41

Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to tackle
increasingly complex tasks through advanced reasoning, long-form content
generation, and tool use. Solving these tasks often involves long
inference-time computations. In human problem solving, a common strategy to
expedite work is collaboration: by dividing the problem into sub-tasks,
exploring different strategies concurrently, etc. Recent research has shown
that LLMs can also operate in parallel by implementing explicit cooperation
frameworks, such as voting mechanisms or the explicit creation of independent
sub-tasks that can be executed in parallel. However, each of these frameworks
may not be suitable for all types of tasks, which can hinder their
applicability. In this work, we propose a different design approach: we run LLM
"workers" in parallel , allowing them to synchronize via a concurrently-updated
attention cache and prompt these workers to decide how best to collaborate. Our
approach allows the instances to come up with their own collaboration strategy
for the problem at hand, all the while "seeing" each other's partial progress
in the concurrent cache. We implement this approach via Hogwild! Inference: a
parallel LLM inference engine where multiple instances of the same LLM run in
parallel with the same attention cache, with "instant" access to each other's
generated tokens. Hogwild! inference takes advantage of Rotary Position
Embeddings (RoPE) to avoid recomputation while improving parallel hardware
utilization. We find that modern reasoning-capable LLMs can perform inference
with shared Key-Value cache out of the box, without additional fine-tuning.