Truncated Proximal Policy Optimization
Authors: name: Tiantian Fan; name: Lingjun Liu; name: Yu Yue; name: Jiaze Chen; name: Chengyi Wang; name: Qiying Yu; name: Chi Zhang; name: Zhiqi Lin; name: Ruofei Zhu; name: Yufeng Yuan; name: Xiaochen Zuo; name: Bole Ma; name: Mofan Zhang; name: Gaohong Liu; name: Ru Zhang; name: Haotian Zhou; name: Cong Xie; name: Ruidong Zhu; name: Zhi Zhang; name: Xin Liu; name: Mingxuan Wang; name: Lin Yan; name: Yonghui Wu
Published: 2025-06-18 01:21:38

Abstract: Recently, test-time scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated
exceptional reasoning capabilities across scientific and professional tasks by
generating long chains-of-thought (CoT). As a crucial component for developing
these reasoning models, reinforcement learning (RL), exemplified by Proximal
Policy Optimization (PPO) and its variants, allows models to learn through
trial and error. However, PPO can be time-consuming due to its inherent
on-policy nature, which is further exacerbated by increasing response lengths.
In this work, we propose Truncated Proximal Policy Optimization (T-PPO), a
novel extension to PPO that improves training efficiency by streamlining policy
update and length-restricted response generation. T-PPO mitigates the issue of
low hardware utilization, an inherent drawback of fully synchronized
long-generation procedures, where resources often sit idle during the waiting
periods for complete rollouts. Our contributions are two-folds. First, we
propose Extended Generalized Advantage Estimation (EGAE) for advantage
estimation derived from incomplete responses while maintaining the integrity of
policy learning. Second, we devise a computationally optimized mechanism that
allows for the independent optimization of the policy and value models. By
selectively filtering prompt and truncated tokens, this mechanism reduces
redundant computations and accelerates the training process without sacrificing
convergence performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficacy of T-PPO
on AIME 2024 with a 32B base model. The experimental results show that T-PPO
improves the training efficiency of reasoning LLMs by up to 2.5x and
outperforms its existing competitors.