villa-X: Enhancing Latent Action Modeling in Vision-Language-Action
  Models
Authors: name: Xiaoyu Chen; name: Hangxing Wei; name: Pushi Zhang; name: Chuheng Zhang; name: Kaixin Wang; name: Yanjiang Guo; name: Rushuai Yang; name: Yucen Wang; name: Xinquan Xiao; name: Li Zhao; name: Jianyu Chen; name: Jiang Bian
Published: 2025-07-31 15:57:46

Abstract: Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a popular paradigm for
learning robot manipulation policies that can follow language instructions and
generalize to novel scenarios. Recent work has begun to explore the
incorporation of latent actions, an abstract representation of visual change
between two frames, into VLA pre-training. In this paper, we introduce villa-X,
a novel Visual-Language-Latent-Action (ViLLA) framework that advances latent
action modeling for learning generalizable robot manipulation policies. Our
approach improves both how latent actions are learned and how they are
incorporated into VLA pre-training. Together, these contributions enable
villa-X to achieve superior performance across simulated environments including
SIMPLER and LIBERO, as well as on two real-world robot setups including gripper
and dexterous hand manipulation. We believe the ViLLA paradigm holds
significant promise, and that our villa-X provides a strong foundation for
future research.