Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Model
Authors: name: Ming Li; name: Ruiyi Zhang; name: Jian Chen; name: Jiuxiang Gu; name: Yufan Zhou; name: Franck Dernoncourt; name: Wanrong Zhu; name: Tianyi Zhou; name: Tong Sun
Published: 2025-04-07 12:01:59

Abstract: Despite the existing evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a
non-neglectable limitation remains in their struggle with visual text
grounding, especially in text-rich images of documents. Document images, such
as scanned forms and infographics, highlight critical challenges due to their
complex layouts and textual content. However, current benchmarks do not fully
address these challenges, as they mostly focus on visual grounding on natural
images, rather than text-rich document images. Thus, to bridge this gap, we
introduce TRIG, a novel task with a newly designed instruction dataset for
benchmarking and improving the Text-Rich Image Grounding capabilities of MLLMs
in document question-answering. Specifically, we propose an OCR-LLM-human
interaction pipeline to create 800 manually annotated question-answer pairs as
a benchmark and a large-scale training set of 90$ synthetic data based on four
diverse datasets. A comprehensive evaluation of various MLLMs on our proposed
benchmark exposes substantial limitations in their grounding capability on
text-rich images. In addition, we propose two simple and effective TRIG methods
based on general instruction tuning and plug-and-play efficient embedding,
respectively. By finetuning MLLMs on our synthetic dataset, they promisingly
improve spatial reasoning and grounding capabilities.