4D-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for 4D Object
  Understanding
Authors: name: Wenxuan Zhu; name: Bing Li; name: Cheng Zheng; name: Jinjie Mai; name: Jun Chen; name: Letian Jiang; name: Abdullah Hamdi; name: Sara Rojas Martinez; name: Chia-Wen Lin; name: Mohamed Elhoseiny; name: Bernard Ghanem
Published: 2025-03-22 17:55:53

Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive 2D
image/video understanding capabilities. However, there are no publicly
standardized benchmarks to assess the abilities of MLLMs in understanding the
4D objects (3D objects with temporal evolution over time). In this paper, we
introduce 4D-Bench, the first benchmark to evaluate the capabilities of MLLMs
in 4D object understanding, featuring tasks in 4D object Question Answering (4D
object QA) and 4D object captioning. 4D-Bench provides 4D objects with diverse
categories, high-quality annotations, and tasks necessitating multi-view
spatial-temporal understanding, different from existing 2D image/video-based
benchmarks. With 4D-Bench, we evaluate a wide range of open-source and
closed-source MLLMs. The results from the 4D object captioning experiment
indicate that MLLMs generally exhibit weaker temporal understanding compared to
their appearance understanding, notably, while open-source models approach
closed-source performance in appearance understanding, they show larger
performance gaps in temporal understanding. 4D object QA yields surprising
findings: even with simple single-object videos, MLLMs perform poorly, with
state-of-the-art GPT-4o achieving only 63\% accuracy compared to the human
baseline of 91\%. These findings highlight a substantial gap in 4D object
understanding and the need for further advancements in MLLMs.