TRiSM for Agentic AI: A Review of Trust, Risk, and Security Management
  in LLM-based Agentic Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: name: Shaina Raza; name: Ranjan Sapkota; name: Manoj Karkee; name: Christos Emmanouilidis
Published: 2025-06-04 16:26:11

Abstract: Agentic AI systems, built on large language models (LLMs) and deployed in
multi-agent configurations, are redefining intelligent autonomy, collaboration
and decision-making across enterprise and societal domains. This review
presents a structured analysis of Trust, Risk, and Security Management (TRiSM)
in the context of LLM-based agentic multi-agent systems (AMAS). We begin by
examining the conceptual foundations of agentic AI, its architectural
differences from traditional AI agents, and the emerging system designs that
enable scalable, tool-using autonomy. The TRiSM in the agentic AI framework is
then detailed through four pillars governance, explainability, ModelOps, and
privacy/security each contextualized for agentic LLMs. We identify unique
threat vectors and introduce a comprehensive risk taxonomy for the agentic AI
applications, supported by case studies illustrating real-world
vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the paper also surveys trust-building mechanisms,
transparency and oversight techniques, and state-of-the-art explainability
strategies in distributed LLM agent systems. Additionally, metrics for
evaluating trust, interpretability, and human-centered performance are reviewed
alongside open benchmarking challenges. Security and privacy are addressed
through encryption, adversarial defense, and compliance with evolving AI
regulations. The paper concludes with a roadmap for responsible agentic AI,
proposing research directions to align emerging multi-agent systems with robust
TRiSM principles for safe, accountable, and transparent deployment.