SeeingEye: Agentic Information Flow Unlocks Multimodal Reasoning In
  Text-only LLMs
Authors: name: Weijia Zhang; name: Zijia Liu; name: Haoru Li; name: Haoqi Chen; name: Jiaxuan You
Published: 2025-10-29 01:57:11

Abstract: Recent advances in text-only large language models (LLMs), such as
DeepSeek-R1, demonstrate remarkable reasoning ability. However, these models
remain fragile or entirely incapable when extended to multi-modal tasks.
Existing approaches largely rely on single-form captions, which lack diversity
and often fail to adapt across different types of Visual Question Answering
(VQA) benchmarks. As a result, they provide no principled or efficient channel
for transmitting fine-grained visual information. We introduce Seeing Eye, a
modular framework that unlocks multimodal reasoning in text-only LLMs through
an agent-based small VLM translator. This translator acts as a perception
agent: it can invoke specialized tools (e.g., OCR and crop) and iteratively
distill multimodal inputs into structured intermediate representations (SIRs)
tailored to the question. These SIRs are then passed to the text-only LLM,
which serves as a reasoning agent. Crucially, the translator and reasoner
engage in multi-round feedback and interaction, enabling the extraction of
targeted visual details and yielding more confident answers. Experiments on
knowledge-intensive VQA benchmarks, including MMMU and MIA-Bench, demonstrate
that Seeing Eye not only reduces inference cost but also surpasses much larger
end-to-end VLMs. For example, an instantiation combining a 3B-parameter vision
translator with an 8B-parameter language reasoner outperforms a monolithic 32B
VLM on challenging knowledge-based questions. Our results highlight that
decoupling perception from reasoning via agent information flow offers a
scalable and plug-and-play pathway to multimodal reasoning, allowing strong
text-only LLMs to fully leverage their reasoning capabilities. Code is
available at: https://github.com/ulab-uiuc/SeeingEye