GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models
Authors: name: GLM-4. 5 Team; name: Aohan Zeng; name: Xin Lv; name: Qinkai Zheng; name: Zhenyu Hou; name: Bin Chen; name: Chengxing Xie; name: Cunxiang Wang; name: Da Yin; name: Hao Zeng; name: Jiajie Zhang; name: Kedong Wang; name: Lucen Zhong; name: Mingdao Liu; name: Rui Lu; name: Shulin Cao; name: Xiaohan Zhang; name: Xuancheng Huang; name: Yao Wei; name: Yean Cheng; name: Yifan An; name: Yilin Niu; name: Yuanhao Wen; name: Yushi Bai; name: Zhengxiao Du; name: Zihan Wang; name: Zilin Zhu; name: Bohan Zhang; name: Bosi Wen; name: Bowen Wu; name: Bowen Xu; name: Can Huang; name: Casey Zhao; name: Changpeng Cai; name: Chao Yu; name: Chen Li; name: Chendi Ge; name: Chenghua Huang; name: Chenhui Zhang; name: Chenxi Xu; name: Chenzheng Zhu; name: Chuang Li; name: Congfeng Yin; name: Daoyan Lin; name: Dayong Yang; name: Dazhi Jiang; name: Ding Ai; name: Erle Zhu; name: Fei Wang; name: Gengzheng Pan; name: Guo Wang; name: Hailong Sun; name: Haitao Li; name: Haiyang Li; name: Haiyi Hu; name: Hanyu Zhang; name: Hao Peng; name: Hao Tai; name: Haoke Zhang; name: Haoran Wang; name: Haoyu Yang; name: He Liu; name: He Zhao; name: Hongwei Liu; name: Hongxi Yan; name: Huan Liu; name: Huilong Chen; name: Ji Li; name: Jiajing Zhao; name: Jiamin Ren; name: Jian Jiao; name: Jiani Zhao; name: Jianyang Yan; name: Jiaqi Wang; name: Jiayi Gui; name: Jiayue Zhao; name: Jie Liu; name: Jijie Li; name: Jing Li; name: Jing Lu; name: Jingsen Wang; name: Jingwei Yuan; name: Jingxuan Li; name: Jingzhao Du; name: Jinhua Du; name: Jinxin Liu; name: Junkai Zhi; name: Junli Gao; name: Ke Wang; name: Lekang Yang; name: Liang Xu; name: Lin Fan; name: Lindong Wu; name: Lintao Ding; name: Lu Wang; name: Man Zhang; name: Minghao Li; name: Minghuan Xu; name: Mingming Zhao; name: Mingshu Zhai; name: Pengfan Du; name: Qian Dong; name: Shangde Lei; name: Shangqing Tu; name: Shangtong Yang; name: Shaoyou Lu; name: Shijie Li; name: Shuang Li; name: Shuang-Li; name: Shuxun Yang; name: Sibo Yi; name: Tianshu Yu; name: Wei Tian; name: Weihan Wang; name: Wenbo Yu; name: Weng Lam Tam; name: Wenjie Liang; name: Wentao Liu; name: Xiao Wang; name: Xiaohan Jia; name: Xiaotao Gu; name: Xiaoying Ling; name: Xin Wang; name: Xing Fan; name: Xingru Pan; name: Xinyuan Zhang; name: Xinze Zhang; name: Xiuqing Fu; name: Xunkai Zhang; name: Yabo Xu; name: Yandong Wu; name: Yida Lu; name: Yidong Wang; name: Yilin Zhou; name: Yiming Pan; name: Ying Zhang; name: Yingli Wang; name: Yingru Li; name: Yinpei Su; name: Yipeng Geng; name: Yitong Zhu; name: Yongkun Yang; name: Yuhang Li; name: Yuhao Wu; name: Yujiang Li; name: Yunan Liu; name: Yunqing Wang; name: Yuntao Li; name: Yuxuan Zhang; name: Zezhen Liu; name: Zhen Yang; name: Zhengda Zhou; name: Zhongpei Qiao; name: Zhuoer Feng; name: Zhuorui Liu; name: Zichen Zhang; name: Zihan Wang; name: Zijun Yao; name: Zikang Wang; name: Ziqiang Liu; name: Ziwei Chai; name: Zixuan Li; name: Zuodong Zhao; name: Wenguang Chen; name: Jidong Zhai; name: Bin Xu; name: Minlie Huang; name: Hongning Wang; name: Juanzi Li; name: Yuxiao Dong; name: Jie Tang
Published: 2025-08-08 17:21:06

Abstract: We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language
model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a
hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes.
Through multi-stage training on 23T tokens and comprehensive post-training with
expert model iteration and reinforcement learning, GLM-4.5 achieves strong
performance across agentic, reasoning, and coding (ARC) tasks, scoring 70.1% on
TAU-Bench, 91.0% on AIME 24, and 64.2% on SWE-bench Verified. With much fewer
parameters than several competitors, GLM-4.5 ranks 3rd overall among all
evaluated models and 2nd on agentic benchmarks. We release both GLM-4.5 (355B
parameters) and a compact version, GLM-4.5-Air (106B parameters), to advance
research in reasoning and agentic AI systems. Code, models, and more
information are available at https://github.com/zai-org/GLM-4.5.