Hieu-Pham/cpgQA huggingface dataset:
Recommendations

We recommend assessing suicide risk and intervening when necessary when considering initiating or continuing long-term opioid therapy. We recommend evaluating benefits of continued opioid therapy and risk for opioid-related adverse events at least every three months. If prescribing opioids, we recommend prescribing the lowest dose of opioids as indicated by patient-specific risks and benefits. Note: There is no absolutely safe dose of opioids. 

Question: If prescribing opioids, what is the recommended dose?
Answer: lowest dose of opioids as indicated by patient-specific risks and benefits
Recommendations

We recommend assessing suicide risk and intervening when necessary when considering initiating or continuing long-term opioid therapy. We recommend evaluating benefits of continued opioid therapy and risk for opioid-related adverse events at least every three months. If prescribing opioids, we recommend prescribing the lowest dose of opioids as indicated by patient-specific risks and benefits. Note: There is no absolutely safe dose of opioids. 

Question: The lowest dose of opioids is prescribed indicated by which factor?
Answer: patient-specific risks and benefits
Recommendations

We recommend assessing suicide risk and intervening when necessary when considering initiating or continuing long-term opioid therapy. We recommend evaluating benefits of continued opioid therapy and risk for opioid-related adverse events at least every three months. If prescribing opioids, we recommend prescribing the lowest dose of opioids as indicated by patient-specific risks and benefits. Note: There is no absolutely safe dose of opioids. 

Question: What kind of dose of opioids do not exist?
Answer: absolutely safe
Recommendations

As opioid dosage and risk increase, we recommend more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose. Note: Risks for opioid use disorder start at any dose and increase in a dose dependent manner. Risks for overdose and death significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose.

Question: What is recommended as opioid dosage and risk increase?
Answer: more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose
Recommendations

As opioid dosage and risk increase, we recommend more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose. Note: Risks for opioid use disorder start at any dose and increase in a dose dependent manner. Risks for overdose and death significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose.

Question: When is it recommended more frequent monitoring for adverse events?
Answer: As opioid dosage and risk increase
Recommendations

As opioid dosage and risk increase, we recommend more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose. Note: Risks for opioid use disorder start at any dose and increase in a dose dependent manner. Risks for overdose and death significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose.

Question: When do the risks for opioid use disorder start?
Answer: at any dose
Recommendations

As opioid dosage and risk increase, we recommend more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose. Note: Risks for opioid use disorder start at any dose and increase in a dose dependent manner. Risks for overdose and death significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose.

Question: How do the risks for opioid use disorder increase?
Answer: in a dose dependent manner
Recommendations

As opioid dosage and risk increase, we recommend more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose. Note: Risks for opioid use disorder start at any dose and increase in a dose dependent manner. Risks for overdose and death significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose.

Question: At what range of dose the risks for overdose and death significantly increase?
Answer: 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose
Recommendations

As opioid dosage and risk increase, we recommend more frequent monitoring for adverse events including opioid use disorder and overdose. Note: Risks for opioid use disorder start at any dose and increase in a dose dependent manner. Risks for overdose and death significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose.

Question: What does significantly increase at a range of 20- 50 mg morphine equivalent daily dose?
Answer: Risks for overdose and death
Recommendations

We recommend against opioid doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose for treating chronic pain. Note: For patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose, evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation. We recommend against prescribing long-acting opioids for acute pain, as an as-needed medication, or on initiation of long-term opioid therapy. 

Question: What is the stance regarding opioid doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose for treating chronic pain?
Answer: recommend against
Recommendations

We recommend against opioid doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose for treating chronic pain. Note: For patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose, evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation. We recommend against prescribing long-acting opioids for acute pain, as an as-needed medication, or on initiation of long-term opioid therapy. 

Question: What to do for patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose?
Answer: evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation
Recommendations

We recommend against opioid doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose for treating chronic pain. Note: For patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose, evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation. We recommend against prescribing long-acting opioids for acute pain, as an as-needed medication, or on initiation of long-term opioid therapy. 

Question: For whom to evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation?
Answer: patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose
Recommendations

We recommend against opioid doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose for treating chronic pain. Note: For patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose, evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation. We recommend against prescribing long-acting opioids for acute pain, as an as-needed medication, or on initiation of long-term opioid therapy. 

Question: What is the stance regarding prescribing long-acting opioids for acute pain?
Answer: recommend against
Recommendations

We recommend against opioid doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose for treating chronic pain. Note: For patients who are currently prescribed doses over 90 mg morphine equivalent daily dose, evaluate for tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation. We recommend against prescribing long-acting opioids for acute pain, as an as-needed medication, or on initiation of long-term opioid therapy. 

Question: What is the stance regarding prescribing long-acting opioids as an as-needed medication?
Answer: recommend against
Recommendations

We recommend tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy when risks of long-term opioid therapy outweigh benefits. Note: Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided unless required for immediate safety concerns. We recommend individualizing opioid tapering based on risk assessment and patient needs and characteristics. Note: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against specific tapering strategies and schedules.

Question: What is recommended when risks of long-term opioid therapy outweigh benefits?
Answer: tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy
Recommendations

We recommend tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy when risks of long-term opioid therapy outweigh benefits. Note: Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided unless required for immediate safety concerns. We recommend individualizing opioid tapering based on risk assessment and patient needs and characteristics. Note: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against specific tapering strategies and schedules.

Question: When is it recommended to taper to reduced dose or to discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy?
Answer: when risks of long-term opioid therapy outweigh benefits
Recommendations

We recommend tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy when risks of long-term opioid therapy outweigh benefits. Note: Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided unless required for immediate safety concerns. We recommend individualizing opioid tapering based on risk assessment and patient needs and characteristics. Note: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against specific tapering strategies and schedules.

Question: What should be avoided unless required for immediate safety concerns?
Answer: Abrupt discontinuation
Recommendations

We recommend tapering to reduced dose or to discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy when risks of long-term opioid therapy outweigh benefits. Note: Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided unless required for immediate safety concerns. We recommend individualizing opioid tapering based on risk assessment and patient needs and characteristics. Note: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against specific tapering strategies and schedules.

Question: It is recommended to individualize opioid tapering based on what?
Answer: risk assessment and patient needs and characteristics
Recommendations

We recommend interdisciplinary care that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior. We recommend offering medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Note: See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

Question: What kind of care is recommended that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior?
Answer: interdisciplinary
Recommendations

We recommend interdisciplinary care that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior. We recommend offering medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Note: See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

Question: What does interdisciplinary care do?
Answer: addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior
Recommendations

We recommend interdisciplinary care that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior. We recommend offering medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Note: See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

Question: What treatment is recommended to offer for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder?
Answer: medication assisted treatment
Recommendations

We recommend interdisciplinary care that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior. We recommend offering medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Note: See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

Question: Who are recommended to be offered medication assisted treatment? 
Answer: patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder
Recommendations

We recommend interdisciplinary care that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior. We recommend offering medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Note: See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

Question: Medication assisted treatment is recommended for what?
Answer: opioid use disorder
Recommendations

We recommend interdisciplinary care that addresses pain, substance use disorders, and/or mental health problems for patients presenting with high risk and/or aberrant behavior. We recommend offering medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder to patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Note: See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

Question: Where can we find information on the Management of Substance Use Disorders?
Answer: VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: What is recommended for mild-to-moderate acute pain?
Answer: alternatives to opioids
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: Alternatives to opioids are recommended for what?
Answer: mild-to-moderate acute pain
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: When is it suggested to use multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated?
Answer: when opioids are used for acute pain
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: What is suggested to be used when opioids are used for acute pain?
Answer: multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: What is recommended if take-home opioids are prescribed?
Answer: immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: If take-home opioids are prescribed, what is the recommended dose of immediate-release opioids?
Answer: lowest effective
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: If take-home opioids are prescribed, when is the opioid therapy reassessment recommended?
Answer: no later than 3-5 days
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: If take-home opioids are prescribed, why is it recommended to have opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days?
Answer: to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated
Recommendations

We recommend alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. We suggest use of multimodal pain care including non-opioid medications as indicated when opioids are used for acute pain. If take-home opioids are prescribed, we recommend that immediate-release opioids are used at the lowest effective dose with opioid therapy reassessment no later than 3-5 days to determine if adjustments or continuing opioid therapy is indicated. Note: Patient education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy should be offered.

Question: What should be offered to patients?
Answer: education about opioid risks and alternatives to opioid therapy
Algorithm

This CPG follows an algorithm that is designed to facilitate understanding of the clinical pathway and decision making process used in management of LOT. The use of the algorithm format as a way to represent patient management was chosen based on the understanding that such a format may promote more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic decision making and has the potential to change patterns of resource use. Although the Work Group recognizes that not all clinical practices are linear, the simplified linear approach depicted through the algorithm and its format allows the provider to assess the critical information needed at the major decision points in the clinical process. It includes an ordered sequence of steps of care, recommended observations and examinations, decisions to be considered, actions to be taken.

Question: The CPG follows an algorithm that is designed to do what?
Answer: facilitate understanding of the clinical pathway and decision making process used in management of LOT
Algorithm

This CPG follows an algorithm that is designed to facilitate understanding of the clinical pathway and decision making process used in management of LOT. The use of the algorithm format as a way to represent patient management was chosen based on the understanding that such a format may promote more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic decision making and has the potential to change patterns of resource use. Although the Work Group recognizes that not all clinical practices are linear, the simplified linear approach depicted through the algorithm and its format allows the provider to assess the critical information needed at the major decision points in the clinical process. It includes an ordered sequence of steps of care, recommended observations and examinations, decisions to be considered, actions to be taken.

Question: The use of the algorithm format as a way to represent patient management was chosen based on what?
Answer: the understanding that such a format may promote more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic decision making and has the potential to change patterns of resource use
Algorithm

This CPG follows an algorithm that is designed to facilitate understanding of the clinical pathway and decision making process used in management of LOT. The use of the algorithm format as a way to represent patient management was chosen based on the understanding that such a format may promote more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic decision making and has the potential to change patterns of resource use. Although the Work Group recognizes that not all clinical practices are linear, the simplified linear approach depicted through the algorithm and its format allows the provider to assess the critical information needed at the major decision points in the clinical process. It includes an ordered sequence of steps of care, recommended observations and examinations, decisions to be considered, actions to be taken.

Question: What does the work Group recognize?
Answer: not all clinical practices are linear
Algorithm

This CPG follows an algorithm that is designed to facilitate understanding of the clinical pathway and decision making process used in management of LOT. The use of the algorithm format as a way to represent patient management was chosen based on the understanding that such a format may promote more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic decision making and has the potential to change patterns of resource use. Although the Work Group recognizes that not all clinical practices are linear, the simplified linear approach depicted through the algorithm and its format allows the provider to assess the critical information needed at the major decision points in the clinical process. It includes an ordered sequence of steps of care, recommended observations and examinations, decisions to be considered, actions to be taken.

Question: What does the simplified linear approach depicted through the algorithm and its format allow?
Answer: to assess the critical information needed at the major decision points in the clinical process