{ "Contributors": [ "Shreeshiv Patel" ], "Source": [ "HeadQA" ], "URL": [ "https://huggingface.co/datasets/head_qa" ], "Categories": [ "Translation" ], "Reasoning": [], "Definition": [ "In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language. Your job is to translate the English sentence into the Spanish language." ], "Input_language": [ "English" ], "Output_language": [ "Spanish" ], "Instruction_language": [ "English" ], "Domains": [ "Exam" ], "Positive Examples": [ { "input": "It is NOT a function of the intermediate filaments", "output": "NO es una funci\u00f3n de los filamentos intermedios", "explanation": "The language translation is correct. The given input in English is a negative sentence, therefore the polarity of the output must be negative. Looking at the output it\u2019s clear that the sentence polarity is negative." }, { "input": "The formation of bone from a mold of hyaline cartilage is called", "output": "La formaci\u00f3n de hueso a partir de un molde de cart\u00edlago hialino se denomina", "explanation": "The language translation from English to Spanish is correct." }, { "input": "He specializes in phagocytosis of bacteria", "output": "Est\u00e1 especializado en la fagocitosis de bacterias", "explanation": "Given output contains the same set of noun and verb as input, therefore we can say that language translation is correct. The input contains the verb \u201dspecialize\u201d which is also present in output \u201despecializado\u201d " }, { "input": "The intercalary discs are a characteristic of muscle tissue", "output": "Los discos intercalares son una caracter\u00edstica del tejido muscular", "explanation": "The language translation is correct and also the plurality, set of nouns, set of verbs are maintained during the translation process. Hence, we can say this is a positive example for the given task." }, { "input": "Manuel, 48, goes to the health center after accidentally getting a clean wound. Once the condition of the wound has been checked, Manuel's vaccination history is reviewed, which presents five doses of tetanus vaccine, the last dose being 11 years ago. What is the indicated action regarding vaccination in this situation ?", "output": "Manuel de 48 a\u00f1os acude al centro de salud tras realizarse accidentalmente una herida limpia. Una vez controlado el estado de la herida, se revisa la historia vacunal de Manuel que presenta cinco dosis de vacuna antitet\u00e1nica, siendo la \u00faltima dosis hace 11 a\u00f1os. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actuaci\u00f3n indicada respecto a la vacunaci\u00f3n ante esta situaci\u00f3n?", "explanation": "Language translation is correct and also the plurality, set of nouns, set of verbs are maintain during the translation process. Hence, we can say this is a positive example for the given task." } ], "Negative Examples": [ { "input": "Form extracellular fibers with high tensile strength", "output": "Formar fibras extracelulares con menos resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n.", "explanation": "The given instance is a negative example. Because given input is about high tensile strength, while when we translate the output back into English, it is translated into less tensile strength. Thus, our translation changes quantitative measures." }, { "input": "Higher amount of antioxidant foods have negative impact on body", "output": "Una mayor cantidad de alimentos antioxidantes tiene un impacto positivo en el cuerpo", "explanation": "Sentimentally both sentences are opposite of each other. The first sentence tells antioxidants have a positive impact while the second negate this stand. So, we can say this is not a proper translation. During the translation process, entity name, quantitative measures, the polarity of sentences should remain the same." } ], "Instances": [ { "id": "task1432-05f9ce13e7e0497a8e310e02a9c5eb11", "input": "The cardiolipin phospholipid is abundant in the membrane", "output": [ "El fosfol\u00edpido cardiolipina es abundante en la membrana" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f69cc91c434645acad09ad42990a6d5a", "input": "The multivesicular bodies are", "output": [ "Los cuerpos multivesiculares son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-90783cdc877948edbe3bc8a9a7e80e01", "input": "They form the myelin sheath of the axons in the peripheral nervous system", "output": [ "Forman la envuelta de mielina de los axones en el sistema nervioso perif\u00e9rico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-55878c679f92443db468daab4ebb4415", "input": "The fibrocartilage is located in", "output": [ "El fibrocart\u00edlago se localiza en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6192c46c51884b28972b2ff99ebe1c3e", "input": "The linear molecule of DNA associated with proteins is", "output": [ "La mol\u00e9cula lineal de ADN asociada a prote\u00ednas es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3e045db98ad94bc89543e880d00d90fd", "input": "They are multinucleated cells", "output": [ "Son c\u00e9lulas multinucleadas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-97716cfefe574228aff60e6db192fd02", "input": "It is an avascular connective tissue", "output": [ "Es un tejido conjuntivo avascular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-38e412e94faa4a61acf241ab64e8f2d6", "input": "They carry out the degradation of proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ERAD)", "output": [ "Realizan la degradaci\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas asociada al ret\u00edculo endopl\u00e1smico (ERAD)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a98108e45f34015835d5b1efcb0f817", "input": "Vesicles leave from the Golgi cis network (CGN) to", "output": [ "Desde la red cis del Golgi (CGN) parten ves\u00edculas con destino a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b6ff91661a440e099a53ea350575bf8", "input": "The protein complex responsible for the branching of actin filaments is", "output": [ "El complejo proteico responsable de la ramificaci\u00f3n de los filamentos de actina es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b9fd1e8cd7c4ddfaac7cf3788712f8d", "input": "The set formed by a pair of perpendicular centrioles and the amorphous material that surrounds them is called", "output": [ "El conjunto formado por un par de centriolos perpendiculares y el material amorfo que los envuelve se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3430f012cd774d8fb56b89d22774fa2c", "input": "In anaphase I of meiosis are separated", "output": [ "En la anafase I de la meiosis se separan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a8db42f7e1ca4f6ab94902387e090e5e", "input": "The large non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that fills the spaces between the molecules of the extracellular matrix is", "output": [ "El glucosaminoglucano no sulfatado de gran tama\u00f1o y que rellena los espacios entre las mol\u00e9culas de la matriz extracelular es " ] }, { "id": "task1432-dcc265885e164ca687f66621a50a7237", "input": "The mesenchyme is a type of tissue", "output": [ "El mes\u00e9nquima es un tipo de tejido" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9303b8b17e5740e0865a4194b7a894b5", "input": "The gray substance occupies the central part of", "output": [ "La sustancia gris ocupa la parte central de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ae78b87319504ef99cf5319bbd2f543b", "input": "In the plasma membrane", "output": [ "En la membrana plasm\u00e1tica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5fb74ddb4eba45ec828e6d6e66d8c26a", "input": "Nuclear pores", "output": [ "Los poros nucleares" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f64690bc5c4541688cd2c8e68bd5569b", "input": "Point out the true answer", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ala la respuesta verdadera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-afec17a7e9924d8e9286a400d0cc52b1", "input": "The epithelium that upholsters", "output": [ "El epitelio que tapiza" ] }, { "id": "task1432-124cbbfd227d4c3c9f1195f44052576c", "input": "It can be derived from the three embryonic leaves (endo-, meso- and ecto-dermo) tissue", "output": [ "Puede derivarse de las tres hojas embrionarias (endo-, meso- y ecto-dermo) el tejido" ] }, { "id": "task1432-691ae821d0354257aa10f18fd91d8702", "input": "Connective tissue", "output": [ "El tejido conjuntivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1381fa2e752941c3b19cd1a9f538cd30", "input": "In relation to adipose tissue", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el tejido adiposo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0d65bc80cea491f8d2161b78262e950", "input": "In relation to cartilage", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el cart\u00edlago" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e0af298419b4434a22916f9f1b5f2bb", "input": "The secretory or adenomere portion is acinous (acinar) in", "output": [ "La porci\u00f3n secretora o aden\u00f3mero es acinosa (acinar) en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-25df598680904e0db6fa0442b5dc655d", "input": "The largest representation in the sensory homunculus corresponds to", "output": [ "La mayor representaci\u00f3n en el hom\u00fanculo sensorial corresponde a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bfb30e80f95542549e2ff9b2d2fb59b7", "input": "In the skeletal neuromuscular junctions the receptors of the postsynaptic membrane are", "output": [ "En las uniones neuromusculares esquel\u00e9ticas los receptores de la membrana postsin\u00e1ptica son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-47cfbf2f71e34caa88b21bad268e3586", "input": "It is a neuron the receptor of", "output": [ "Es una neurona el receptor del" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f3e554818c14f01812fd2549eef6c0a", "input": "When the focal point is behind the retina, the corrective lens should be", "output": [ "Cuando el punto focal est\u00e1 detr\u00e1s de la retina, la lente correctora debe ser" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e7eac233b7e44b6a9ddc334948a757f", "input": "In the retina, the center-periphery antagonism of the ganglion cell receptor field causes it", "output": [ "En la retina, el antagonismo centro-periferia del campo receptor de las c\u00e9lulas ganglionares lo causa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1a0629d1b4504aeaaea94dc731869dc7", "input": "It is important for the understanding of language, the lobe", "output": [ "Es importante para la comprensi\u00f3n del lenguaje, el l\u00f3bulo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1317dd2fbd244836bdf24bb429b9c186", "input": "In skeletal skeletal muscle of mammals", "output": [ "En el m\u00fasculo estriado esquel\u00e9tico de mam\u00edferos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c35b314a6114406bfd1ee8be30c0e58", "input": "The corpuscles of Pacini", "output": [ "Los corp\u00fasculos de Pacini" ] }, { "id": "task1432-116282e4ca0246e6859599e6615f2514", "input": "Golgi's myotendinous organ", "output": [ "El \u00f3rgano miotendinoso de Golgi" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98d90e27233b467392d97ef87b17a179", "input": "The hypothalamus is located in", "output": [ "El hipot\u00e1lamo se localiza en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e9173c8a689f48bea0585e42a92cea66", "input": "Increases lipogenesis", "output": [ "Aumenta la lipog\u00e9nesis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12e8829b9db94396809f02908422095d", "input": "Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) inhibits the", "output": [ "La adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) inhibe la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9af6494881014d3ba6888e7524e8bbc5", "input": "Insulin inhibits the", "output": [ "La insulina inhibe la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5c87e319065419da2f02856b7f2a240", "input": "Increases the production of calcitriol", "output": [ "Aumenta la producci\u00f3n de calcitriol" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69b8ff755f0e4115ba226bc7677f288f", "input": "The glucocorticoids", "output": [ "Los glucocorticoides" ] }, { "id": "task1432-32bb0409d0f241f08acb8d5787bd278f", "input": "The main hormones of the adenohypophysis are", "output": [ "Las principales hormonas de la adenohip\u00f3fisis son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-414f87b8c0d04f9f8d74cda0b4176c6f", "input": "Gastric receptive relaxation", "output": [ "La relajaci\u00f3n receptiva g\u00e1strica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d6264905d0cc47b2915518256e71d1f9", "input": "The nice one", "output": [ "El simp\u00e1tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-17f8b423418542ab995fc686fd79b9da", "input": "The acini of the pancreas segregate", "output": [ "Los acinos del p\u00e1ncreas segregan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba5368a7ef424e4fb7858cbd273a1b36", "input": "After ingestion, contractions in the colon begin due to", "output": [ "Tras la ingesta empiezan las contracciones en el colon debido a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e33523e80c974cf2ab82e61fd276b27c", "input": "The regression of M\u00fcller's ducts", "output": [ "La regresi\u00f3n de los conductos de M\u00fcller" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0e68d1e2002b43d6af0580cb23748a7b", "input": "In men the LH", "output": [ "En los varones la LH" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b6dfb8ee415049feb622ba6bc9994b25", "input": "Plasmin induces", "output": [ "La plasmina induce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-580233317e9c4b09be0c18ac9cd367a2", "input": "The hematocrit indicates the", "output": [ "El hematocrito indica el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-289a3f8f450140239aa27803e6689365", "input": "The atrial and ventricular contractions do not coincide because", "output": [ "La contracci\u00f3n auricular y ventricular no coinciden porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b792bd81fa7c4697b80901a2c8c59a3e", "input": "The pacemaker frequency is higher in", "output": [ "La frecuencia marcapasos es mayor en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-21ab9f31bc694182a934a100831a0519", "input": "It has a positive chronotropic effect", "output": [ "Tiene efecto cronotr\u00f3pico positivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-97c05249cbc24a6da87e78bd553b0e97", "input": "During cardiac isovolumetric relaxation", "output": [ "Durante la relajaci\u00f3n isovolum\u00e9trica cardiaca" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bccd60cb26854bb0980b7c5675635b34", "input": "Inhibition of arterial baroreceptors induces", "output": [ "La inhibici\u00f3n de los barorreceptores arteriales induce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5622ce5b117a4fc9ae0551714df09664", "input": "In the electrocardiogram, the conduction velocity of the cardiac impulse through the A-V node is reflected in", "output": [ "En el electrocardiograma la velocidad de conducci\u00f3n del impulso card\u00edaco a trav\u00e9s del nodo A-V se refleja en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2f91956cf7624b8385c097c4cbb37198", "input": "Increase blood pressure stimulation", "output": [ "Aumenta la presi\u00f3n arterial la estimulaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9fa89ca05ecc42d69e623f6d988171cd", "input": "At the start of expiration at rest", "output": [ "Al inicio de la espiraci\u00f3n en reposo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da3021d159da4198b1a85ab92f2f8c14", "input": "The alveolar pressure is negative", "output": [ "La presi\u00f3n alveolar es negativa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb495970922e43dd9c9c72142a6f6c10", "input": "The pulmonary surfactant increases", "output": [ "El surfactante pulmonar aumenta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45aaced055ad4d6b8e206f656fe49d66", "input": "The tidal volume is the volume of air that", "output": [ "El volumen corriente es el volumen de aire que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-076396c0ebab4fa9acd84c88b282c5fd", "input": "If a virion is more sensitive to ether than another virion, it can be said that the first", "output": [ "Si un viri\u00f3n es m\u00e1s sensible al \u00e9ter que otro viri\u00f3n, se puede afirmar que el primero" ] }, { "id": "task1432-636978dad2db41d28b15a038d6be977f", "input": "What is a protomer ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un prot\u00f3mero?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-00c3e9544e3e4bc0871e40d478f377b7", "input": "What will be the genetic material of a virus that can synthesize its proteins immediately after the decapsidation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00e1 el material gen\u00e9tico de un virus que puede sintetizar sus prote\u00ednas inmediatamente despu\u00e9s de la descapsidaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c1f522d1da2444690740dffe9d00945", "input": "How does indinavir act on the human immunodeficiency virus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo act\u00faa el indinavir sobre el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-14612c15a6b049cba053314112d54231", "input": "Which of the following drugs is used against the varicella-zoster virus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos se utiliza contra el virus de la varicela-z\u00f3ster?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ef7ae494a164b04bd46a0ebc3641aec", "input": "The yellow fever virus is a", "output": [ "El virus de la fiebre amarilla es un" ] }, { "id": "task1432-deff780e86064720a2307b1e31eb0998", "input": "Which of the following viruses contains an RNA polymerase in your virion ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes virus contiene una ARN polimerasa en su viri\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b51ca1fe78a346cea5eb497025d59758", "input": "Which of the indicated viruses has a segmented genome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 virus de los que se indican presenta un genoma segmentado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8063523805e444f3afa638cd7dbe009a", "input": "Which of the following viruses can easily cause a latent infection ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes virus puede originar con facilidad una infecci\u00f3n latente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8f9dccf805eb45bb9f38b0894fbe97e1", "input": "Which of the following viruses uses reverse transcriptase during its replication ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes virus utiliza la transcriptasa inversa durante su replicaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8b99ba85909e4e2ba86d4936279671c8", "input": "Which of the following viruses requires DNA polymerases from the host cell for replication ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes virus requiere ADN polimerasas de la c\u00e9lula hospedadora para su replicaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-22c678f7617446e7893a02cf296f0b56", "input": "What DNA virus has palindromic sequences at its ends to facilitate its replication by the host DNA polymerase ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 virus de ADN posee secuencias palindr\u00f3micas en sus extremos para facilitar su replicaci\u00f3n por la ADN polimerasa del hu\u00e9sped?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d7ac2f8a9d4148f5b8d634c5231a725a", "input": "What are the structures visible to the optical microscope that causes the rabies virus in the cells it infects ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denominan las estructuras visibles al microscopio \u00f3ptico que origina el virus de la rabia en las c\u00e9lulas que infecta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e292ca247724d448bf90e5d85290390", "input": "In which animal is the recombination between the human influenza virus and the avian that generates the antigenic change ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 animal se produce la recombinaci\u00f3n entre el virus de la gripe humana y el aviar que genera el cambio antig\u00e9nico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c30d32c911a4ec5b46ae718875d9333", "input": "What is the name of the products that kill or inhibit microbial growth and that are safe enough to be used in living tissues ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina a los productos que matan o inhiben el crecimiento microbiano y que son lo suficientemente inocuos para utilizarlos en tejidos vivos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ca42835d8e7467a8de1ac5b88fcf457", "input": "For the sterilization of thermosensitive liquids, filters with pores of", "output": [ "Para la esterilizaci\u00f3n de l\u00edquidos termosensibles se emplean filtros con poros de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a2f6493cff7d4297833d5f7a6e47a340", "input": "The counting of microorganisms by microscopy is facilitated by staining the sample with the DAPI fluorophore that binds specifically to", "output": [ "El recuento de microorganismos por microscop\u00eda se facilita ti\u00f1endo la muestra con el fluor\u00f3foro DAPI que se une de forma espec\u00edfica a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-547e14638674410296a1cdb17fe73eb7", "input": "Ethylene oxide sterilizes by its activity", "output": [ "El \u00f3xido de etileno esteriliza por su actividad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5c509422269649a398f6203fdf9301c8", "input": "Why do culture media for obligate anaerobic bacteria usually contain cysteine \u200b\u200bor thioglycollate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los medios de cultivo de bacterias anaerobias obligadas suelen contener ciste\u00edna o tioglicolato?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a2e2e14bac847bca462e4b5a13c4a70", "input": "Which of the following substances hydrolyzes the N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramic bond of peptidoglycan ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes sustancias hidroliza el enlace N-acetilglucosamina-N-acetilmur\u00e1mico del peptidoglicano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-50adeb174ecf42dcbe489b823a55f7fc", "input": "If the genome of a bacterium encodes all enzymes involved in the synthesis of dipicolinic acid, it can form", "output": [ "Si el genoma de una bacteria codifica todas las enzimas implicadas en la s\u00edntesis del \u00e1cido dipicol\u00ednico, \u00e9sta puede formar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-16e163c9c5ba4295a4bf883ee9e0fb9d", "input": "Which lipopolysaccharide region is mainly responsible for this molecule being an endotoxin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 regi\u00f3n del lipopolisac\u00e1rido es la principal responsable de que esta mol\u00e9cula sea una endotoxina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dae1feaf49a1421e8d9a9015b6830bab", "input": "What protein forms the equatorial ring on which the septum of the bacterial division forms ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 prote\u00edna forma el anillo ecuatorial sobre el que se forma el septo de la divisi\u00f3n bacteriana?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b211c35c39c24e939ca726ab78b76ccc", "input": "Which of the following bacterial genetic elements necessarily encodes a transposase ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes elementos gen\u00e9ticos bacterianos codifica necesariamente una transposasa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a6aece49a7b14a49af1ec9e8ce1e73de", "input": "If we linearize the chromosome of Escherichia coli and extend it, it will measure", "output": [ "Si linearizamos el cromosoma de Escherichia coli y lo extendemos medir\u00e1" ] }, { "id": "task1432-42e2ccd04e3048818801e6b720b0c546", "input": "The so-called Small Soluble Acid Proteins (SASP) are a component of bacterial spores whose function is", "output": [ "Las llamadas Prote\u00ednas \u00c1cidas Solubles Peque\u00f1as (SASP) son un componente de las esporas bacterianas cuya funci\u00f3n es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d4204e93a1c4375a4d158d085d41c89", "input": "The binding of a beta-lactam to the so-called penicillin binding proteins (PBP) blocks the", "output": [ "La uni\u00f3n de un beta-lact\u00e1mico a las denominadas prote\u00ednas de uni\u00f3n a penicilina (PBP) bloquea la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5f17f2f32fbc418c8166952654a0bb9d", "input": "Which of the following antibacterials is an analog of p-aminobenzoic acid ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes antibacterianos es un an\u00e1logo del \u00e1cido p-aminobenzoico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-606e27ce5f2d43db8bba62b5a1ab1b07", "input": "What group of antibiotics affects DNA supercoiling by inhibiting DNA gyrase ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 grupo de antibi\u00f3ticos afecta al superenrollamiento del ADN por inhibir la DNA girasa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-700382ef579e439e9bbcbd5b66e0a47e", "input": "Regarding bacterial plasmids, it is correct to state that", "output": [ "Respecto a los pl\u00e1smidos bacterianos, es correcto afirmar que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b94c0b53fbbb46609e2a6b65c6a53735", "input": "A positive result in the Voges Proskauer test indicates that the bacteria", "output": [ "Un resultado positivo en la prueba de VogesProskauer indica que la bacteria" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d9751074b03f4c3b88e6c89d3074cedf", "input": "To what kind do the bacteria that can produce impetigo, pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis and food poisoning belong ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 g\u00e9nero pertenecen las bacterias que pueden producir imp\u00e9tigo, neumon\u00eda, meningitis, endocarditis e intoxicaciones alimentarias?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5e3d10d0f3874cf09318218143030650", "input": "What is the intermediate host of Yersinia pestis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el hospedador intermedio de Yersinia pestis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ef337e576ce24aafbbb1a5d4ab446a65", "input": "Which of the following associations is correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes asociaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a8a34123a2f14002aae8a08950650d89", "input": "The following are not grown in artificial laboratory culture media", "output": [ "No crecen en medios de cultivo artificiales de laboratorio las" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cb6f560afb9a4314b438d20f517d67ca", "input": "The breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori depends on the production by the bacteria of", "output": [ "La prueba del aliento para el diagn\u00f3stico de Helicobacter pylori depende de la producci\u00f3n por la bacteria de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d3c287cb63bd4d2c9ea1b13bab3c9b4e", "input": "To which genus do bacteria that cause diseases such as scarlet fever, rheumatic fever or dental caries belong ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 g\u00e9nero pertenecen las bacterias que causan enfermedades como escarlatina, fiebre reum\u00e1tica o caries dental?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eeccd672097a43b498a4e6cb1793fbb2", "input": "Which of the following methodologies is used for the diagnosis of Treponema pallidum ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes metodolog\u00edas se utiliza para el diagn\u00f3stico de Treponema pallidum?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c47f0f2e760842af9a1897de1a98a36c", "input": "The bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium are characterized by", "output": [ "Las bacterias del g\u00e9nero Mycobacterium se caracterizan por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-54cd5ce52f7b4e2d97ed76593149d419", "input": "In which element is the diphtheria toxin encoded ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 elemento est\u00e1 codificada la toxina de la difteria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c83a5dbdbd4a41198efed98fa9edbb81", "input": "A key test to differentiate enterobacterial pseudonomas allows to detect the", "output": [ "Una prueba clave para diferenciar pseudonomas de enterobacterias permite detectar la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8c5f521c6d14a4ea69a43a07f59afaa", "input": "The difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that explains why the former retain the complex crystal violet-iodine is", "output": [ "La diferencia entre bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas que explica por qu\u00e9 las primeras retienen el complejo cristal violeta-yodo es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1c30f024b1c143d99eb2ae999e8e4a21", "input": "Among the following, the most commonly used means for the growth of fungi is", "output": [ "De entre los siguientes, el medio m\u00e1s com\u00fanmente usado para el crecimiento de hongos es el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ef39e202ac0b46d891965d34e7a25589", "input": "What process inhibit azole antifungals ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 proceso inhiben los antimic\u00f3ticos denominados azoles?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f6412a53e6b64913addfba987a7d1c36", "input": "To what genus does the fungus that causes ringworm belong ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 g\u00e9nero pertenece el hongo causante de la ti\u00f1a?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d94ad0ad85e04653b8f0d01cdef268f2", "input": "What microorganism synthesizes aflatoxins ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 microorganismo sintetiza aflatoxinas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76a33b9819534e02b20e0beae38bd096", "input": "Candida albicans", "output": [ "Candida albicans" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0dbe32f4780f498382d3712e9a4c7fc9", "input": "In response to the recognition of pathogen and after receiving help from the T lymphocyte, a macrophage", "output": [ "En respuesta al reconocimiento de pat\u00f3geno y tras recibir ayuda del linfocito T, un macr\u00f3fago" ] }, { "id": "task1432-80e5cc299d0a48059f5abfbdd459b8a7", "input": "In relation to their function as antigen presenting cells, B lymphocytes", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a su funci\u00f3n como c\u00e9lulas presentadoras de ant\u00edgeno, los linfocitos B" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f87f68b2fdbe4f92b2315553874a3341", "input": "Identify a phagocytic receptor", "output": [ "Identifique un receptor fagoc\u00edtico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd20f8a0195c431e9747e05f1b617b67", "input": "Which cellular marker would you select to differentiate any T lymphocyte from a B ?", "output": [ "Qu\u00e9 marcador celular seleccionar\u00eda para diferenciar a cualquier linfocito T de uno B?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fb9ec25555ff4832836e8b81456c4995", "input": "The inhibition of B lymphocytes by preformed antibodies is mediated by", "output": [ "La inhibici\u00f3n de linfocitos B por anticuerpos preformados est\u00e1 mediada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6635ab04fd544d489f5324fd53f2eedd", "input": "The proteins TAP-1 and TAP-2 act in the antigen processing", "output": [ "Las prote\u00ednas TAP-1 y TAP-2 act\u00faan en el procesamiento de ant\u00edgeno" ] }, { "id": "task1432-508cf9b388b145a98e72bebf3a4719fd", "input": "What mechanism of generation of diversity takes place in secondary lymphoid organs ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 mecanismo de generaci\u00f3n de diversidad tiene lugar en \u00f3rganos linfoides secundarios?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86cff15d620f414c944c859266107520", "input": "Tuberculin hypersensitivity is generated by an inflammatory reaction mediated by lymphocytes", "output": [ "La hipersensibilidad tubercul\u00ednica se genera por una reacci\u00f3n inflamatoria mediada por linfocitos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1aca5787262b4bedb0301f21322a1f46", "input": "The MHC class I and II molecules are recognized respectively by", "output": [ "Las mol\u00e9culas MHC clase I y II son reconocidas respectivamente por el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-00464f34fd3e4d7788838079737a39fe", "input": "During an inflammation, the vascular endothelium activates the expression of the adhesion molecule", "output": [ "Durante una inflamaci\u00f3n, el endotelio vascular activa la expresi\u00f3n de la mol\u00e9cula de adhesi\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b64299d51e7e4e0484b418604da634ab", "input": "Which of the following complement proteins is involved in inflammation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes prote\u00ednas del complemento se encuentra involucrada en la inflamaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-24d6b116ec2543cd8c74e8bab98cd5c7", "input": "The central tolerance in the T lymphocytes is acquired", "output": [ "La tolerancia central en los linfocitos T se adquiere" ] }, { "id": "task1432-212e7bd463f54cbb9a08e3549e33065b", "input": "What molecular process takes place in B lymphocytes during isotype change ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 proceso molecular tiene lugar en los linfocitos B durante el cambio de isotipo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c063a153364b4a858819bebae4b06997", "input": "The differentiation of Th lymphocytes to Th1 is promoted by the cytokine", "output": [ "La diferenciaci\u00f3n de los linfocitos Th a Th1 es promovida por la citocina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-806d21d5189e475c80f0f303c3a62fad", "input": "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is mediated by the receptor", "output": [ "La citotoxicidad celular dependiente de anticuerpo es mediada por el receptor" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0b7d94feb384c41a1fbb40a773c5f02", "input": "The regulatory T lymphocytes inhibit the effector function of T lymphocytes by secreting", "output": [ "Los linfocitos T reguladores inhiben la funci\u00f3n efectora de los linfocitos T mediante secreci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d696e916e54a49d7b3f878d6df83e01e", "input": "Which of the following molecules binds to the neonatal receptor for Fc (FcRn) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes mol\u00e9culas se une al receptor neonatal para el Fc (FcRn)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b14b36610ed94855b113c670cdfdbc85", "input": "Conjugated vaccines improve the response to", "output": [ "Las vacunas conjugadas mejoran la respuesta a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea0ab8490ae24436955d7ed5254366c6", "input": "In the process of presentation of peptides of extracellular origin, which enzyme is responsible for the peptide exchange in the cargo compartments ?", "output": [ "En el proceso de presentaci\u00f3n de p\u00e9ptidos de origen extracelular, \u00bfqu\u00e9 enzima es la responsable del intercambio pept\u00eddico en los compartimentos de carga?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-829145d3b4ea4016a8275be68d9f8bc4", "input": "Which of the following molecules is a regulatory protein of the complement system ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes mol\u00e9culas es una prote\u00edna reguladora del sistema de complemento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0ff538bfbc49485f9b5948a726b40801", "input": "One of the following orders does NOT emanate from the pre-BCR", "output": [ "Una de las siguientes \u00f3rdenes NO emana del pre-BCR" ] }, { "id": "task1432-07cacf21c019494c83a6957ebf5c5c8f", "input": "It is NOT part of the B lymphocyte co-receptor", "output": [ "NO forma parte del correceptor del linfocito B" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2a3d70f071e445aa8eaa0ea350ea6faf", "input": "Somatic hypermutation affects", "output": [ "La hipermutaci\u00f3n som\u00e1tica afecta a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2e97a46d99fc4e328730712534580166", "input": "The loss of class I histocompatibility molecules makes the cells susceptible to lysis by lymphocytes", "output": [ "La p\u00e9rdida de mol\u00e9culas de histocompatibilidad de clase I hace a las c\u00e9lulas susceptibles a la lisis por linfocitos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-842a351eb6214de9939f817e4c622774", "input": "Antitumor immunotherapy by means of LAK lymphocytes (lymphokine-activated cytolytic lymphocytes) is based on the action of", "output": [ "La inmunoterapia antitumoral mediante linfocitos LAK (linfocitos citol\u00edticos activados por linfocinas) se basa en la acci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2b4dc2b80c34207908122a598e701c5", "input": "The lymphocytes that are diminished in the X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) are", "output": [ "\u00bfLos linfocitos que se encuentran disminuidos en la agammaglobulinemia ligada al cromosoma X (XLA) son los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b09ed860fc0a430c89e780f0393392db", "input": "Hyperacute rejection is avoided by transplanting only", "output": [ "El rechazo hiperagudo se evita transplantando s\u00f3lo " ] }, { "id": "task1432-749b7a7f7a9e4cf1b56c0c3481fbfe57", "input": "In acute rejection, which cells of the immune system participate in the direct path of allogeneic recognition ?", "output": [ "En el rechazo agudo, \u00bfqu\u00e9 c\u00e9lulas del sistema inmunitario participan en la v\u00eda directa del reconocimiento alog\u00e9nico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e52edc3ac44d4458a20f1b55a5d90de4", "input": "A splenectomized individual is more vulnerable to infections due to", "output": [ "Un individuo esplenectomizado es m\u00e1s vulnerable a infecciones por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d1b6942a72de4b1b9ce23694272dc0ef", "input": "Contact dermatitis caused by nickel is mediated by", "output": [ "La dermatitis de contacto causado por n\u00edquel esta mediada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c61298c0d6404bc189d8d9653b2987f0", "input": "What technique could be used to diagnose a Williams-Beuren syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica se podr\u00eda utilizar para diagnosticar un S\u00edndrome Williams-Beuren?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bebbea521aca430fb9c01a39a496de77", "input": "Regarding the karyotype, one of the advantages of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique is that it allows", "output": [ "Respecto al cariotipo, una de las ventajas de la t\u00e9cnica de hibridaci\u00f3n in situ con fluorescencia (FISH) es que permite" ] }, { "id": "task1432-17342fb1de8842258954500b1730df07", "input": "In the human genome, the microsatellites or STR consist of tandem repeats of how many nucleotides ?", "output": [ "En el genoma humano, los microsat\u00e9lites o STR consisten en repeticiones en t\u00e1ndem de \u00bfcu\u00e1ntos nucle\u00f3tidos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a54a4cfef5d04d73955f521b806383cd", "input": "The gene involved in Huntington's Chorea is located in the chromosomal region", "output": [ "El gen implicado en la Corea de Huntington se localiza en la regi\u00f3n cromos\u00f3mica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cbccd41795d84fccb455e57c282a9e1f", "input": "What is the probability that the child of a woman with Charge Syndrome and a normal father has the disease ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la probabilidad de que el hijo de una mujer con S\u00edndrome de Charge y un padre normal padezca la enfermedad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b880a75cc49f4ddf82ff84ebf058dffd", "input": "The National Institute for Health (NIH) database containing free access DNA sequences is called", "output": [ "La base de datos del National Institute for Health (NIH) que contiene secuencias de ADN de libre acceso se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0b17165554e24f1da2bb5f17f2938e34", "input": "In eukaryotes, the RNA polymerase that transcribes the transference RNA genes is", "output": [ "En eucariotas, la ARN polimerasa que transcribe los genes de ARN de trasferencia es la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e781cdfbf3894bc7a6b59fa623a27a22", "input": "The Smith-Magenis syndrome is characterized by a microdeletion of the long arm of the chromosome", "output": [ "El S\u00edndrome de Smith-Magenis se caracteriza por una microdeleci\u00f3n del brazo largo del cromosoma" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3a520f45bf88460a82b9c2ff56c1c4c0", "input": "Which of the following hereditary cancer syndromes are associated with mutations of the TP53 gene ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes s\u00edndromes de c\u00e1ncer hereditario se asocia con mutaciones del gen TP53?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c4b1f6e4b9b4b1ba5e4316960c677ca", "input": "A karyotype 45, XY, rob (13; 21) (q10; q10) can correspond to a male", "output": [ "Un cariotipo 45,XY,rob(13;21)(q10;q10) puede corresponder a un var\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12213796d041464bb39453867c94c69f", "input": "The locus of the NF1 gene associated with neurofibromatosis type I is", "output": [ "El locus del gen NF1 asociado con la neurofibromatosis tipo I es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0d59f6c38b5847d9a06d31858504f63f", "input": "It is a DNA repair gene", "output": [ "Es un gen de reparaci\u00f3n del ADN" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6cc16a7c9ab74f72bb62601a3868060b", "input": "The heritability in restricted sense h2 is calculated by dividing", "output": [ "La heredabilidad en sentido restringido h2 se calcula dividiendo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6de7321d66c74839818acdba19a00469", "input": "It is a disease caused by expansion by repetition of trinucleotides", "output": [ "Es una enfermedad causada por expansi\u00f3n por repetici\u00f3n de trinucle\u00f3tidos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-32addfc17e894cb8b2bb0fcebcb1b3fb", "input": "The sequence of Shine-Dalgarno in the bacterial messenger RNA", "output": [ "La secuencia de Shine-Dalgarno en el ARN mensajero bacteriano" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0f473cb3f75d4717b758f98118e94a77", "input": "What proportion of phenotypic dihydride modified by double dominant epistasis occurs in a cross AaBb x AaBb ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 proporci\u00f3n fenot\u00edpica dih\u00edbrida modificada por epistasis dominante doble se produce en un cruzamiento AaBb x AaBb?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03d3061fe487441989a9d02118812f21", "input": "How many DNA molecules does a metaphase cell contain in a diploid organism of 2n = 26 chromosomes ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas mol\u00e9culas de ADN contiene una c\u00e9lula en metafase de un organismo diploide de 2n=26 cromosomas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6470f1754fc04b8a831c258c730c7002", "input": "The translocation t (14; 18) (q32; q21) is associated with", "output": [ "La translocaci\u00f3n t(14;18)(q32;q21) se asocia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aeb8e43dd533409eac3e040565835455", "input": "The segregation pattern of a reciprocal translocation in which the homologous centromeres are secreted together is termed", "output": [ "El patr\u00f3n de segregaci\u00f3n de una translocaci\u00f3n rec\u00edproca en la que los centr\u00f3meros hom\u00f3logos se segregan juntos se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-08046bd4a55b4179be11ec12bb0d3213", "input": "Cockayne syndrome is related to defects in the mechanism of DNA repair", "output": [ "El s\u00edndrome de Cockayne est\u00e1 relacionado con defectos en el mecanismo de la reparaci\u00f3n del ADN" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1cdfb1929c44a2c89b78313a2ce3988", "input": "Which of the following diseases has a dominant inheritance linked to the X chromosome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades tiene una herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-04e7fa1cbb6842a197c3349f3b83402d", "input": "The most frequent mechanism of MYC protooncogen activation in Burkitt's lymphoma is", "output": [ "El mecanismo m\u00e1s frecuente de activaci\u00f3n del protooncogen MYC en el linfoma de Burkitt es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8becf90694a4403f8e82cc2432e403ee", "input": "If the results of a normality test offer a value of p = 0.03, how is the test interpreted ?", "output": [ "Si los resultados de un test de normalidad ofrecen un valor p=0,03, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se interpreta el test?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6bc30261876c4a818e3b0ce50eac6c20", "input": "A confidence interval to estimate the population mean will be more precise when", "output": [ "Un intervalo de confianza para estimar la media poblacional ser\u00e1 tanto m\u00e1s preciso cuanto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-17224b974fb44457a39b405ccbd1c6f6", "input": "To evaluate the possible association between blood pressure and weight in a group of 100 individuals, when both variables follow a normal distribution, the test is used", "output": [ "Para evaluar la posible asociaci\u00f3n entre la presi\u00f3n arterial y el peso en un grupo de 100 individuos, cuando ambas variables siguen una distribuci\u00f3n normal se utiliza el test de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b63357595586497787b6136becf45cee", "input": "The nitrogenous bases of DNA are", "output": [ "Las bases nitrogenadas del DNA son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cffff328ee734c3e80d270d8246542a8", "input": "In the structure of a nucleic acid chain", "output": [ "En la estructura de una cadena de \u00e1cido nucleico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-77579968c3994cc1bc53b7c8e1683c77", "input": "In the double helix structure of Watson and Crick for DNA", "output": [ "En la estructura de doble h\u00e9lice de Watson y Crick para el DNA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-df3541b7c174456eb51d898b98c1a087", "input": "In DNA replication", "output": [ "En la replicaci\u00f3n del DNA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b39e4159dfe24374b2cb52c0ac172033", "input": "The fundamental enzyme in the replication of the genome of a retrovirus is one", "output": [ "La enzima fundamental en la replicaci\u00f3n del genoma de un retrovirus es una" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ef679119abd74fd2a75349fc464a0f6c", "input": "If the sequence of the DNA template strand is 5'ATTGCCATT3 ', the sequence corresponding to its transcribed RNA will be", "output": [ "Si la secuencia de la hebra molde del DNA es 5\u2019ATTGCCATT3\u2019, la secuencia correspondiente a su RNA transcrito ser\u00e1" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f497d7d4d4214b8ca33fbfd520c0f834", "input": "An open reading frame is", "output": [ "Un marco de lectura abierto es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7bfdc153a505472092c3777aac4aba62", "input": "The bacterial messenger RNAs", "output": [ "Los RNAs mensajeros bacterianos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86decce5c72d4c329931fa2838ba8cfe", "input": "The initial cause that triggers the termination of the translation is", "output": [ "La causa inicial que desencadena la terminaci\u00f3n de la traducci\u00f3n es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c4f98fe6699476cb07cca364e6be4c6", "input": "In the genetic code", "output": [ "En el c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-588a937e1b42406da43758aee1581e84", "input": "The determining factor of the specificity of a PCR reaction is", "output": [ "El factor determinante de la especificidad de una reacci\u00f3n de PCR es la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-efdc317261964b84b1780ab679fac722", "input": "The essential characteristic of a typical plasmid vector for cloning in bacteria is that", "output": [ "La caracter\u00edstica esencial de un t\u00edpico vector plasm\u00eddico para el clonaje en bacterias es que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c28a173403e4b8490120be082ace219", "input": "In an artificial recombinant DNA cloning experiment", "output": [ "En un experimento de clonaje de DNA recombinante artificial" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7182b1bd997423c8696064d18c55495", "input": "Which of the following cloning vectors can transport more DNA fragments ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes vectores de clonaje permite transportar mayores fragmentos de DNA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e62aa50e2da4f41b0f2261841467838", "input": "In a double-stranded DNA molecule it is fulfilled that", "output": [ "En una mol\u00e9cula bicatenaria de DNA se cumple que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cbcc9210658d45f5b81a1d1d05fad249", "input": "Which of the following statements is true ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes aseveraciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7cf4682c663f4d438d2cf156e05d94c6", "input": "Hybridization by the Northern method is appropriate for", "output": [ "Una hibridaci\u00f3n por el m\u00e9todo de Northern es apropiada para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a2a67146679e4b96a6c35b528012d42e", "input": "The pentose phosphate route is NOT useful for", "output": [ "La ruta de las pentosas fosfato NO sirve para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b52ae810d6084263ae585bc7f95de011", "input": "The process that converts a hexose molecule into two molecules of lactate plus two protons is called fermentation", "output": [ "Al proceso que convierte una mol\u00e9cula de hexosa en dos mol\u00e9culas de lactato m\u00e1s dos protones se le denomina fermentaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-181b1fdb1454478d9e936e4d6e67baae", "input": "Which subunit of the RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli is responsible for the recognition of the promoters ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 subunidad de la RNA polimerasa de Escherichia coli es responsable del reconocimiento de los promotores?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ebff0b9edd4248e588513840acc38e0f", "input": "The basic structure of collagen is constituted by", "output": [ "La estructura b\u00e1sica del col\u00e1geno est\u00e1 constituida por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ccf7fac99e93481d9cf7ca911ed31f09", "input": "An acompetitive (or uncompetitive) inhibitor of an enzyme", "output": [ "Un inhibidor acompetitivo (o incompetitivo) de una enzima" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6e2ebf02d0bd44f29b369ccd10c5e568", "input": "What is glutathione ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el glutati\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-89850d62730f408e9e8d02bee0fa34cf", "input": "The most likely metabolic consequence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is", "output": [ "La consecuencia metab\u00f3lica m\u00e1s probable de la deficiencia de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ca4595e124974afb87530d19a7785146", "input": "What compound is the final product of the degradation of purines in humans ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 compuesto es el producto final de la degradaci\u00f3n de purinas en humanos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2568fdad897b44c1b55b8d91bbc82e60", "input": "Which enzyme catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 enzima cataliza la reducci\u00f3n del ox\u00edgeno a agua?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9ea2242e96984ac685fcf64989260bda", "input": "What vitamin controls calcium metabolism ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 vitamina controla el metabolismo del calcio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f13c2b25b8a94b6a88a936d315d747f4", "input": "Squalene is a precursor of", "output": [ "El escualeno es un precursor de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-feeafec168fb40a0bf92fcfe69bdea4b", "input": "The production of urea is catalyzed by", "output": [ "La producci\u00f3n de urea es catalizada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bc49254fa039446e8ff52f48c1da6f59", "input": "The main donor of methyl groups in the body is", "output": [ "El principal donador de grupos metilo en el organismo es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c1cb2e7273d84677b162f55c0436ae52", "input": "The glycerol released by lipolysis is the substrate of the enzyme", "output": [ "El glicerol liberado por la lipolisis es sustrato de la enzima" ] }, { "id": "task1432-15a5c4b0956a4e9980577cb11679cef0", "input": "The enzymatic action", "output": [ "La acci\u00f3n enzim\u00e1tica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-268b303fb77d4097a5144993d9d3f827", "input": "What is the purpose of the anaplerotic reactions ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la finalidad de las reacciones anapler\u00f3ticas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7bdb1fdd03054dd9bb0e393d4eade6e1", "input": "Wilson's disease is associated with an abnormal accumulation of", "output": [ "La enfermedad de Wilson est\u00e1 asociada a una acumulaci\u00f3n anormal de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-151bfe3352c64fb19e74c0aba86c34d1", "input": "Regarding transport through biological membranes", "output": [ "Respecto al transporte a trav\u00e9s de membranas biol\u00f3gicas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ed208c85f9e2488484bbb1436e5c9c90", "input": "Porphyrias are characterized by an abnormal accumulation of precursors of", "output": [ "Las porfirias se caracterizan por una acumulaci\u00f3n anormal de precursores de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8549fca3c0d34193bf75e766d4e08e96", "input": "The urea cycle occurs in", "output": [ "El ciclo de la urea ocurre en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fe17870a9f5c40c99bbe54d57278ef69", "input": "Scurvy is a symptom of a severe lack of vitamin C that prevents", "output": [ "El escorbuto es un s\u00edntoma de carencia grave de vitamina C que impide la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8d4efa73316d4611ac9b624d6dcc362b", "input": "What structure acts as an inducer in the formation of the neural plate in human embryonic development ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 estructura act\u00faa como inductor en la formaci\u00f3n de la placa neural en el desarrollo embrionario humano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-832fedf181d14098b9d61679d29edc1e", "input": "In which part of the female reproductive system does segmentation occur during human embryonic development ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 parte del aparato reproductor femenino se produce la segmentaci\u00f3n durante el desarrollo embrionario humano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4f32f2dd6862457f9363502de03e9d68", "input": "How is the implantation of a blastocyst in the lower segment of the uterus, in the vicinity of the internal cervical os?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina a la implantaci\u00f3n de un blastocisto en el segmento inferior del \u00fatero, en la proximidad del orificio cervical interno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0243ab5f3cd546dc8a3f6cbda0784cb7", "input": "It is a stain for glycogen and molecules rich in carbohydrates", "output": [ "Es una tinci\u00f3n para gluc\u00f3geno y mol\u00e9culas ricas en carbohidratos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bbdd20fd3ff0462db58007495b154b28", "input": "The first step of the histological processing of a sample of tissue or organ is", "output": [ "El primer paso del procesamiento histol\u00f3gico de una muestra de tejido u \u00f3rgano es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-617cf6ec37f544d0a19a26abd8608c9d", "input": "The female of Trichinella spiralis is", "output": [ "La hembra de Trichinella spiralis es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-789d8d9fb4b54d55ae856d4bc8fa0ccc", "input": "Man is occasionally infected by Dicrocelium dentriticum by ingestion of", "output": [ "El hombre se infecta ocasionalmente por Dicrocelium dentriticum por ingesti\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58697598b8d44ec29b6c6e4b1c46b229", "input": "Malaria is transmitted through a mosquito of the genus", "output": [ "El paludismo se transmite a trav\u00e9s de un mosquito del g\u00e9nero" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6db4e6619cb84367a9f543f5c373472f", "input": "In relation to the cestodes is called strobilus a", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con los cestodos se denomina estr\u00f3bilo a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ccec135290e74d98b4c23859f9f9f331", "input": "The pathogenic dimorphic fungi are those that", "output": [ "Los hongos pat\u00f3genos dim\u00f3rficos son aquellos que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-22e864f3331e465cab06837fd28e0914", "input": "Which of the following glycolytic enzymes catalyses the breakage of a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes enzimas glucol\u00edticas cataliza la rotura de una mol\u00e9cula de 6 carbonos en dos mol\u00e9culas de 3 carbonos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-84064492868b4dddb256af968e78a1b1", "input": "The genera Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella and Pasteurella are all proteobacteria", "output": [ "Los g\u00e9neros Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella y Pasteurella son todos proteobacterias" ] }, { "id": "task1432-84bb99aa0d1a473f982a1b16284aebf7", "input": "What is the DNA structure of the adenovirus inside the virion ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la estructura del ADN de los adenovirus en el interior del viri\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce0fc53389524091b632bba30791c8f0", "input": "In the cell cycle", "output": [ "En el ciclo celular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b5e6a08195c4143bc76adb928b76e0f", "input": "Which statistical test is the most adequate to evaluate the possible association between blood pressure and cholesterol level in a group of 20 individuals, when both variables are measured quantitatively but do not follow a normal distribution ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 test estad\u00edstico es el m\u00e1s adecuado para evaluar la posible asociaci\u00f3n entre la presi\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea y el nivel de colesterol en un grupo de 20 individuos, cuando ambas variables se miden cuantitativamente pero no siguen una distribuci\u00f3n normal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c8934b20f8944b619159731dea2eccca", "input": "Which of the following autoimmune diseases is caused by autoantibodies that block the function of the target cell ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades autoinmune est\u00e1 causada por autoanticuerpos que bloquean la funci\u00f3n de la c\u00e9lula diana?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1625860842b24c988735281efea0e434", "input": "The meninges are", "output": [ "Las meninges son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-418b0c5b82fe46bcbc5d96bcb8a82ac7", "input": "The increase in plasma osmolarity increases the secretion of", "output": [ "El aumento de la osmolaridad plasm\u00e1tica aumenta la secreci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9606926bedef4a4c9aa71b03cddf3a6a", "input": "Except for the Y chromosome, how many pairs of acrocentric chromosomes are there in the human karyotype ?", "output": [ "Exceptuando el cromosoma Y, \u00bfcu\u00e1ntos pares de cromosomas acroc\u00e9ntricos hay en el cariotipo humano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-adc8f00cafd947c2b48e111fb5d97467", "input": "Regarding Inequalities in Health, it is true that", "output": [ "Respecto a las Desigualdades en Salud es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-202210cea0334b2e88e71152c9fa9b38", "input": "In relation to the conceptual framework of the determinants of social inequalities in health, of the Commission to reduce Health Inequalities in Spain (2010), based on Solar and Irwin and Navarro, it is FALSE that", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al marco conceptual de los determinantes de las desigualdades sociales en salud, de la Comisi\u00f3n para reducir las Desigualdades en Salud en Espa\u00f1a (2010), basado en Solar e Irwin y Navarro, es FALSO que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-320b43fbb9b14015b7e0f35d9c42d14f", "input": "For the diagnosis of tuberculous infection from the tuberculin test, we must bear in mind that", "output": [ "Para el diagn\u00f3stico de la infecci\u00f3n tuberculosa a partir de la prueba de tuberculina debemos tener en cuenta que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fff7bf4aef7c49538ccfe70db88832ca", "input": "A mother with a 12 month old child goes to the nursing consultation for the administration of the MMR vaccine. In the consultation, the mother reports that she believes that the child has a certain intolerance to the egg, since sometimes after eating there are slight skin rashes that could be related to the intake. Taking into account all of the above, what would be the action we should take? ", "output": [ "Acude a la consulta de enfermer\u00eda una madre con un ni\u00f1o de 12 meses para la administraci\u00f3n de la vacuna triple v\u00edrica. En la consulta, la madre refiere que cree que el ni\u00f1o tiene cierta intolerancia al huevo, ya que a veces despu\u00e9s de comer presenta leves erupciones cut\u00e1neas que podr\u00edan estar relacionadas con dicha ingesta. Teniendo en cuenta todo lo anterior, \u00bfcu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la actuaci\u00f3n que deber\u00edamos realizar? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-9ea02c44ef664bacb3ef34c1ff666838", "input": "The U.S. The Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) recommends the adoption of the intervention strategy of the 5 AEs for the execution of behavioral interventions and advice on the main risk factors. Indicate the order that must be followed", "output": [ "El U.S. Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) recomienda la adopci\u00f3n de la estrategia de intervenci\u00f3n de las 5 Aes para la ejecuci\u00f3n de intervenciones conductuales y de consejo sobre los principales factores de riesgo. Indica cu\u00e1l es el orden que se tiene que seguir" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d06f2ac51e6642928cc1d8e21c35aadd", "input": "In relation to the traditional Mediterranean diet, indicate which of the following characteristics is FALSE", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a la dieta mediterr\u00e1nea tradicional, indica cu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas es FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0aad31c61fb43c7bb05bdea3311cdf6", "input": "In relation to physical activity, it is true that", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a la actividad f\u00edsica es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e45092471e864c8cb8d73bb97ae70a38", "input": "In relation to alcohol consumption, indicate the correct answer", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al consumo de alcohol, indica la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a24ac11bf7b34d6da34ec6e39a5e58d4", "input": "According to the transteoric model of the stages of change of Prochaska and Diclemente, when a person is aware that the tobacco habit is harmful to his health and he thinks about leaving it, but has not yet committed, we will say that he is in phase", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el modelo transte\u00f3rico de las etapas del cambio de Prochaska y Diclemente, cuando una persona es consciente de que el h\u00e1bito tab\u00e1quico es nocivo para su salud y piensa en dejarlo, pero a\u00fan no se ha comprometido, diremos que se encuentra en fase" ] }, { "id": "task1432-102022ffb0ae41abb45d9dfa885b62eb", "input": "Which of the following sweeteners will NOT raise blood glucose in a person with type 1 diabetes ?", "output": [ "Cu\u00e1l de los siguientes edulcorantes NO subir\u00e1 la glucemia en una persona con diabetes tipo 1?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da6f3e37157643cf9280a556990780c1", "input": "One of the following organizational measures is NOT a priority for improving the approach to chronicity in the healthcare system", "output": [ "Una de las siguientes medidas organizativas, NO es prioritaria para la mejora del abordaje de la cronicidad en el sistema sanitario" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9a86b0b9bac44ff979cbc14275699e1", "input": "You are in chronic consultation of a Health Center, attending a 61-year-old man, with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, overweight and smoker. Which of the following parameters would you need to assess your cardiovascular risk with the SCORE table ?", "output": [ "Est\u00e1s en consulta de cr\u00f3nicos de un Centro de Salud, atendiendo a un hombre de 61 a\u00f1os, con hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, dislipemia, sobrepeso y fumador. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes par\u00e1metros necesitar\u00edas para valorar su riesgo cardiovascular con la tabla SCORE?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fa9b7df70be04c75984533198f8bd9bc", "input": "You are a family nurse in a Health Center and a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, who persists in smoking and refuses to go to therapy groups for smoking cessation, has joined your quota. The nurse who treated him previously diagnosed him a year ago Ineffective Health Management. If the nursing diagnosis persists, which of the following manifestations could you detect in the patient's assessment ?", "output": [ "Eres enfermero/a de familia en un Centro de Salud y se ha incorporado a tu cupo un paciente con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Cr\u00f3nica, que persiste en el h\u00e1bito tab\u00e1quico y rechaza acudir a los grupos de terapia para el abandono del tabaco. La enfermera que lo atend\u00eda anteriormente le diagnostic\u00f3 hace un a\u00f1o Gesti\u00f3n Ineficaz de la Salud. Si persiste el diagn\u00f3stico enfermero, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes manifestaciones podr\u00edas detectar en la valoraci\u00f3n del paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5e60b802e60047c7abd6c99d5d45fc0a", "input": "The strategy for the Chronicity Approach in the National Health System establishes the measures for the reorientation of health care to chronicity. Of the following measures, a NO is intended for this purpose", "output": [ "La estrategia para el Abordaje de la Cronicidad en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, establece las medidas para la reorientaci\u00f3n de la atenci\u00f3n sanitaria a la cronicidad. De las siguientes medidas, una NO est\u00e1 destinada a este fin" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8791368f825447bca1eba83b4cef9ef2", "input": "What is called, in qualitative research, the sampling in which the obtaining of data is guided by the concepts derived from the theory that is being constructed ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina en investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa, el muestreo en el que la obtenci\u00f3n de datos est\u00e1 guiada por los conceptos derivados de la teor\u00eda que se est\u00e1 construyendo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf4fbf3ff7484d44b7048e8fcd22031e", "input": "In the process of qualitative research, when successive inquiries in both subjects and in the analysis does not provide new relevant information about the phenomenon studied. What concept is it referred to ?", "output": [ "En el proceso de investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa, cuando sucesivas indagaciones tanto en sujetos como en el an\u00e1lisis no aporta nueva informaci\u00f3n relevante acerca del fen\u00f3meno estudiado. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 concepto se hace referencia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5a1c5457042e48378e499dc51f6b3d19", "input": "What is the key record in ethnographic research, where is recorded the research process and the impressions and feelings of the researchers? ", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el registro clave en la investigaci\u00f3n etnogr\u00e1fica, donde se registra el proceso de investigaci\u00f3n y las impresiones y sensaciones de los investigadores? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-99261011fa5d4b518440398889e1327e", "input": "When is it considered that a measuring instrument is reliable ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se considera que un instrumento de medida es fiable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bdd0e6038b54528b8928d544fb54f70", "input": "What is the validity of a measuring instrument ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es validez de un instrumento de medida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-09706b71838b4416a23b884463fe6647", "input": "What is simple random sampling ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el muestreo aleatorio simple?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b465af1881064b51adad54c24a512da2", "input": "What is critical reading ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la lectura cr\u00edtica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-104cf1ac763e470aa16d88e091da1d27", "input": "What is Evidence-based Nursing ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la Enfermer\u00eda basada en la Evidencia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5384566ece6f481a8201354a6c4b2f65", "input": "What is the correct answer regarding the incidence of AIDS in Spain in the last five years ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la respuesta correcta respecto a la incidencia de SIDA en Espa\u00f1a en los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ca3762632aa8466783e343e18645aab6", "input": "What is the correct answer regarding cervical cancer ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la respuesta correcta respecto al c\u00e1ncer de c\u00e9rvix?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7a7f7dbd7e19413caf66c9646b114913", "input": "What is the correct answer regarding the adjustment of mortality rates ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la respuesta correcta respecto al ajuste de tasas de mortalidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9edfa4e036364b3c97c5adfe8a85c0fc", "input": "According to the World Health Organization, how should nurse care be organized in Primary Care ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud \u00bfC\u00f3mo deber\u00eda organizarse la atenci\u00f3n enfermera en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7b75eb4bb9044d2af77a80d29e51773", "input": "What is the process in which the options and services necessary to satisfy the health needs of a person are valued, planned, applied, coordinated, monitored and evaluated, articulating the communication and the available resources that promote quality results and result cost-effective ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el proceso en el cual se valoran, planifican, aplican, coordinan, monitorizan y eval\u00faan las opciones y servicios necesarios para satisfacer las necesidades de salud de una persona, articulando la comunicaci\u00f3n y los recursos disponibles que promuevan resultados de calidad y resulten costoefectivos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ae79d61e8554cc8a4b96c247ea3ec5e", "input": "What phase of adaptation to the care situation corresponds to that in which the caregiver may have difficulty verbalizing the feelings provoked by the painful events of care ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 fase de la adaptaci\u00f3n a la situaci\u00f3n del cuidado corresponde aquella en que la cuidadora puede tener dificultad para verbalizar los sentimientos provocados por los acontecimientos dolorosos del cuidado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6a6f66f8b625462db2e2f60c006296f7", "input": "What are the components and tools in the Friedman Family Assessment model ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los componentes y herramientas en el modelo de Valoraci\u00f3n Familiar de Friedman?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-112bb86fc83d4b49a2603bc11e7e184e", "input": "What questionnaire would you use to assess family functioning ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 cuestionario utilizar\u00edas para valorar el funcionamiento familiar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cb07142a912c4b979fb155007a7ceaf6", "input": "In a diagnosis of community health it is true that", "output": [ "En un diagn\u00f3stico de salud de la comunidad es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-206fd9df35694a35b2668ba9ff147ec0", "input": "According to the asset-based community health model, what would you say are the elements that determine what an asset in health is ? (Point out the INCORRECT response)", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el modelo de salud comunitaria basado en activos, \u00bfcu\u00e1les dir\u00eda que son los elementos que determinan qu\u00e9 es un activo en salud? (Se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-988fb9bf9b7b47bcb9d64a24df7d9472", "input": "It would be a health promotion strategy", "output": [ "Ser\u00eda una estrategia de promoci\u00f3n de salud" ] }, { "id": "task1432-43a0731787444ce2bad3f6e4a9106656", "input": "The term equity in health means", "output": [ "El t\u00e9rmino equidad en salud significa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4970edb68b354689aec424ea8dca8597", "input": "What is the definition of Melena ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la definici\u00f3n de Melena?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1966ece89c624411b3e460abee1a7af4", "input": "The agents involved in a community participation process are three (indicate the correct answer)", "output": [ "Los agentes implicados en un proceso de participaci\u00f3n comunitaria son tres (se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d2bb91c4b9574a3fa4d41c4732931d49", "input": "Health promotion is understood as", "output": [ "Se entiende por promoci\u00f3n de salud" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f18bcaf94aac4b4981c901f2db3d7bf2", "input": "The declaration of JAKARTA identifies as a priority in the work in health promotion", "output": [ "La declaraci\u00f3n de YAKARTA identifica como una prioridad en el trabajo en promoci\u00f3n de salud" ] }, { "id": "task1432-53e440da5bec4236a68ca0a4256b1974", "input": "A group education technique is applied to the development of diabetes knowledge in a group of 40 people who suffer from this disease. The goal is for the whole to handle a considerable amount of information in a short time, analyze it, synthesize it and share it as a team. At first, each of the members of the teams addresses the part of the assigned material (theory and practice). Everyone has the responsibility to learn the subject. After a new team is formed and each of the members of the previous teams assumes the responsibility to teach their new colleagues the topic learned in the first moment. At the end of the application of the technique, the entire population must handle the contents of the class. What is the name of this group educational technique ?", "output": [ "Se aplica una t\u00e9cnica de educaci\u00f3n grupal para el desarrollo de conocimientos en diabetes en un grupo de 40 personas que padecen dicha enfermedad. El objetivo es que la totalidad maneje una considerable cantidad de informaci\u00f3n en poco tiempo, que la analice, sintetice y comparta en equipo. En un primer momento, cada uno de los integrantes de los equipos aborda la parte del material asignado (teor\u00eda y pr\u00e1ctica). Todos tienen la responsabilidad de aprender el tema. Despu\u00e9s se forma un nuevo equipo y cada uno de los integrantes de los equipos anteriores asume la responsabilidad de ense\u00f1ar a sus nuevos compa\u00f1eros el tema aprendido en el primer momento. Al finalizar la aplicaci\u00f3n de la t\u00e9cnica, la totalidad de la poblaci\u00f3n debe manejar los contenidos de la clase. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina esta t\u00e9cnica educativa grupal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-73a8eba6784d4339872a876e77f34c1d", "input": "In a Health Center, an intervention in Health Education has been carried out with 15 patients, aimed at reducing the prevalence of anxiety disorders. The evaluators analyzed the time that each session lasted, as well as the degree of participation. We can say that an evaluation has been carried out", "output": [ "En un Centro de salud se ha llevado a cabo una intervenci\u00f3n en Educaci\u00f3n para la Salud con 15 pacientes, dirigida a reducir la prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad. Los evaluadores analizaron el tiempo que dur\u00f3 cada sesi\u00f3n, as\u00ed como el grado de participaci\u00f3n. Podemos decir que se ha realizado una evaluaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52717ad98306479bb577d5ebbbf632e3", "input": "A person goes to our Primary Care office to see what diet to follow, says he has bought a book on dietary advice for months. He has decided that he wants to start losing weight already. In which phase is it found according to the Stages of Change or Transtheoretical Model ?", "output": [ "Una persona acude a nuestra consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria para ver que dieta ha de seguir, refiere que se ha comprado un libro sobre consejos diet\u00e9ticos hace meses. Ha decidido que quiere empezar a adelgazar ya. \u00bfEn qu\u00e9 fase se encuentra seg\u00fan El Modelo de Etapas del Cambio o Transte\u00f3rico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d043acdf65a4c98969e1fe1621a4bf8", "input": "A person has Type 2 Diabetes for ten years. He is currently being treated with oral medication, but his disease is getting worse, so the administration of subcutaneous insulin is considered. She says that she will not be able to get punctured, she says that her mother was also diabetic, she tried and could not. Indicate what behavioral determinant (to inject insulin) appears in this case, according to the model of Health Beliefs", "output": [ "Una persona padece Diabetes tipo 2 desde hace diez a\u00f1os. Actualmente se le est\u00e1 tratando con medicaci\u00f3n oral, pero su enfermedad se est\u00e1 agravando, por lo que se le plantea la administraci\u00f3n de insulina subcut\u00e1nea. Refiere que no va a ser capaz de pincharse, comenta que su madre tambi\u00e9n era diab\u00e9tica, lo intent\u00f3 y no pudo. Indique qu\u00e9 determinante conductual (para inyectarse la insulina) aparece en este caso, seg\u00fan el modelo de Creencias de Salud" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58eeb7a5989c4edc9febaf4f0b3b7a44", "input": "According to the definition provided by the radical model of Health Education, what people would be appropriate to carry out the design of this Health Education program ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la definici\u00f3n que aporta el modelo radical de la Educaci\u00f3n para la Salud, \u00bfqu\u00e9 personas ser\u00edan las apropiadas para llevar a cabo el dise\u00f1o de este programa de Educaci\u00f3n para la Salud?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-05211b11c28f47c387770ad93cc4d3e9", "input": "In the context of primary care consultation, the main difficulties in identifying gender violence by the professional are (point out the INCORRECT response)", "output": [ "En el contexto de la consulta de atenci\u00f3n primaria, las principales dificultades para identificar la violencia de g\u00e9nero por parte del profesional son ( se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e58704f3aacd4bc4a8c33f59ff903c06", "input": "A primary care doctor visits a mother with her 13-year-old son who refers to discontinuous sleep, with night awakenings and not feeling rested. After the assessment, the nurse identifies a sleep pattern disorder and makes a series of general recommendations for the family and the adolescent himself. Point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "A la consulta de atenci\u00f3n primaria acude una madre con su hijo adolescente de 13 a\u00f1os que refiere sue\u00f1o discontinuo, con despertares nocturnos y no sentirse descansado. Tras la valoraci\u00f3n, la enfermera identifica un trastorno del patr\u00f3n del sue\u00f1o y lleva a cabo una serie de recomendaciones generales para la familia y el propio adolescente. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6244996f8f17427c971810585278666e", "input": "A 47-year-old man with overweight, sedentary lifestyle and smoker of 10 cigars / day comes to the demand for nursing in primary care. Among the recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease include", "output": [ "A la consulta a demanda de enfermer\u00eda en atenci\u00f3n primaria acude un var\u00f3n de 47 a\u00f1os con sobrepeso, vida sedentaria y fumador de 10 cigarros/d\u00eda. Entre las recomendaciones para la prevenci\u00f3n de enfermedad cardiovascular se incluyen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce7249449a084cbaa4fb40856f19a2c3", "input": "A 58-year-old woman was followed up in the primary care nursing consultation for the control of chronic diseases and the promotion of self-care, with a history of chronic venous insufficiency. She presented an ulcer in the lower distal third of the right leg for 3 months, preserved pulses, serous exudate and macerated periulceral skin. It has an Arm Ankle Index (ITB) of 0.9 What type of compression would you apply ?", "output": [ "Mujer de 58 a\u00f1os, en seguimiento en consulta de enfermer\u00eda de atenci\u00f3n primaria para control de enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas y fomento del autocuidado, con antecedentes de insuficiencia venosa cr\u00f3nica. Presenta una \u00falcera en tercio distal inferior de pierna derecha desde hace 3 meses, pulsos conservados, exudado seroso y piel periulceral macerada. Tiene un \u00cdndice Tobillo Brazo (ITB) de 0,9 \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de compresi\u00f3n aplicar\u00edas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5148143efd8647ce8e32290a6a52f8c8", "input": "A mother with her 5-year-old son comes to the primary care nursing consultation and we find that the vaccination status is inadequate. To begin the accelerated rescue immunization, we must bear in mind that", "output": [ "A la consulta de enfermer\u00eda de atenci\u00f3n primaria acude una madre con su hijo de 5 a\u00f1os y comprobamos que el estado de vacunaci\u00f3n es inadecuado. Para comenzar la inmunizaci\u00f3n de rescate acelerada, tenemos que tener en cuenta que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f05177716a404f7883d0efdfac7644e6", "input": "The Portfolio of Common Services of the National Health System defines the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures accessible at the Primary Care level. Point out the procedures that are NOT considered basic diagnostic procedures", "output": [ "La Cartera de Servicios Comunes del Sistema Nacional de Salud define los procedimientos diagn\u00f3sticos y terap\u00e9uticos accesibles en el nivel de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria. Se\u00f1ale los procedimientos que NO son considerados procedimientos diagn\u00f3sticos b\u00e1sicos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-63df7d960464425c93874de09493eb15", "input": "The ability of the patient to make decisions, the reports of the preferences about the treatment, the conflict between the patient and the family in terms of decision making, in which functional health pattern of Marjory Gordon are valued", "output": [ "La capacidad del paciente para tomar decisiones, los informes de las preferencias sobre el tratamiento, el conflicto entre el paciente y la familia en cuanto a la toma de decisiones, en qu\u00e9 patr\u00f3n funcional de salud de Marjory Gordon se valoran" ] }, { "id": "task1432-17158012bace40cfbf840472f583d6ce", "input": "With respect to critical thinking, which of the following terms used by Richard Paul as characteristics of critical thinkers is INCORRECT. The critical thinkers are", "output": [ "Con respecto al pensamiento cr\u00edtico, cu\u00e1l de los siguientes t\u00e9rminos utilizados por Richard Paul como caracter\u00edsticas de los pensadores cr\u00edticos es INCORRECTA. Los pensadores cr\u00edticos son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e06b7e9fd2d04b7f8f617f7e75e67482", "input": "When formulating the objectives in the Care Plan it is fundamental to formulate them", "output": [ "Al plantear los objetivos en el Plan de Cuidados es fundamental formularlos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-423679540774464f9f83b3e2f70e0f02", "input": "Mrs. PH had a fall that caused fractures with displacement in two ribs. One month after this episode he goes to the clinic, he complains of pain when breathing. In the physical assessment, Nurse Fernandez identifies that this lady presents a BMI of 30, superficial breathing with a respiratory rate of 24 rpm. Auscultation reveals reduced vesicular murmur in the right lung. She also notes that the patient has nasal flaring and breathes with pursed lips. After analyzing the data, Nurse Fernandez concludes that Mrs. PH has a breathing that does not provide adequate ventilation. Based on this information formulates the nursing diagnosis of", "output": [ "La se\u00f1ora PH tuvo una ca\u00edda que le provoc\u00f3 fracturas con desplazamiento en dos costillas. Un mes despu\u00e9s de este episodio acude a la consulta, se queja de dolor al respirar. En la valoraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, la enfermera Fern\u00e1ndez identifica que esa se\u00f1ora presenta un IMC de 30, respiraci\u00f3n superficial con una frecuencia respiratoria de 24 rpm. La auscultaci\u00f3n revela reducci\u00f3n del murmullo vesicular en el pulm\u00f3n derecho. Adem\u00e1s observa que la enferma tiene aleteo nasal y respira con los labios fruncidos. Despu\u00e9s de analizar los datos, la enfermera Fern\u00e1ndez, concluye que la se\u00f1ora PH tiene una respiraci\u00f3n que no le proporciona una ventilaci\u00f3n adecuada. En base a esta informaci\u00f3n formula el diagn\u00f3stico enfermero de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2fed660c0e3641998d7be7618129e689", "input": "One of the fundamental objectives of the NANDA, NOC and NIC classifications is to respond to the need to systematize the clinical nurse practice that is developed according to the Nursing Process. Starting from the fact that, because it is a process, all phases are interrelated, more significant relationships can be established between each of the classifications and the different phases. Of those established below, it is correct that", "output": [ "Uno de los objetivos fundamentales de las clasificaciones de NANDA, NOC y NIC, es el de responder a la necesidad de sistematizar la pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica enfermera que se desarrolla de acuerdo al Proceso Enfermero. Partiendo de que por tratarse de un proceso todas las fases est\u00e1n interrelacionadas, se pueden establecer relaciones m\u00e1s significativas entre cada una de las clasificaciones y las diferentes fases. De las que se establecen a continuaci\u00f3n es correcto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-560b9943180e428091b292729905c26e", "input": "Hepatic encephalopathy is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by disorders of mental state and neuromuscular function. It is classified into four grades depending on the neurological involvement. What is the definition that corresponds to grade II ?", "output": [ "La encefalopat\u00eda hep\u00e1tica es un complejo s\u00edndrome neuropsiqui\u00e1trico caracterizado por trastornos del estado mental y de la funci\u00f3n neuromuscular. Se clasifica en cuatro grados dependiendo de la afectaci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3gica. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la definici\u00f3n que corresponde al grado II?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-468ee5f9a13b42ada7bac34b76c8c250", "input": "Within the theoretical statements developed by Peplau, highlights", "output": [ "Dentro de los enunciados te\u00f3ricos desarrollados por Peplau, destaca" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e4b1b58ddc5242099163ce0a5acde5e2", "input": "Raile and Marriner, classify the theoretical works nurses in", "output": [ "Raile y Marriner , clasifican los trabajos te\u00f3ricos enfermeros en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b8805f667c00481fa09cc999b280f19e", "input": "Within the gastroenteropancreatic tumors, what is known as the one that represents almost 70% of pancreatic endocrine tumors, which originates in the beta cells of the islets, are benign in the vast majority and are small and distributed throughout the pancreas ?", "output": [ "Dentro de los tumores gastroenteropancre\u00e1ticos \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina aquel que representa casi el 70% de los tumores pancre\u00e1ticos endocrinos, que se origina en las c\u00e9lulas beta de los islotes, son benignos en la inmensa mayor\u00eda y son peque\u00f1os y distribuidos por todo el p\u00e1ncreas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2793cb4f2bbf4f1db5d724cfd47b402b", "input": "A 78-year-old patient with reduced mobility enters our internal medicine facility to study hyperthermia of unknown origin. At the end of the afternoon, we decided to change the sheets on the bed to improve the patient's comfort. The patient is in the supine position and we lift our head with our hands to remove the pillow, at which point we see that he flexes his knees and complains of pain. What could you tell us ?", "output": [ "Ingresa en nuestra planta de medicina interna un paciente de 78 a\u00f1os con movilidad reducida, para estudio de hipertermia de origen desconocido, al finalizar la tarde decidimos cambiar las s\u00e1banas de la cama para mejorar la comodidad del paciente. El paciente se encuentra en dec\u00fabito supino y elevamos con nuestra mano la cabeza para retirar la almohada, en ese momento vemos que flexiona rodillas y se queja de dolor. \u00bfQu\u00e9 nos podr\u00eda indicar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f9ad2debd60b4ebab8dac5bc00e04db8", "input": "A 25-year-old male patient, admitted to a meningioma, enters the neurology facility. Among the nursing care prescribed, we have to assess the level of awareness. What parameters should we assess ?", "output": [ "Nos ingresa en la planta de neurolog\u00eda un paciente var\u00f3n de 25 a\u00f1os, intervenido de un meningioma. Entre los cuidados de enfermer\u00eda pautados, tenemos que valorar el nivel de conciencia. \u00bfQu\u00e9 par\u00e1metros hemos de valorar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e9c5ce06e8a442a68074539056d3ea37", "input": "You are a nurse in a winter municipal swimming pool, after a swimming initiation class for adults, one of them, before starting the activity, falls to the ground and starts to convulse (his monitor says he is epileptic). What kind of care? at that time should NOT be done ?", "output": [ "Usted es enfermera en una piscina municipal de invierno, tras una clase de iniciaci\u00f3n a la nataci\u00f3n para adultos, uno de ellos antes de iniciar la actividad cae al suelo y empieza a convulsionar (su monitor dice que es epil\u00e9ptico), \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los cuidados en ese momento NO se deber\u00eda realizar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-329e03cb26a640afb22faba6523a97a3", "input": "At our primary care clinic, a 72-year-old man who has been discharged from hospital after an ischemic stroke (ACVl), in the continuity of care report, indicates that the patient reports moderate dysphagia. Which of the following cares would NOT be recommended ?", "output": [ "Acude a nuestra consulta de atenci\u00f3n primaria, un var\u00f3n de 72 a\u00f1os que ha sido dado de alta hospitalaria tras un accidente cerebrovascular isqu\u00e9mico (ACVI), en el informe de continuidad de cuidados, se indica que el paciente refiere disfagia moderada. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes cuidados NO ser\u00edan recomendables?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-43f19c1e11964961b91a985efe951a48", "input": "A patient from the outpatient emergency department with moderate head trauma enters the critical care unit, who has been fitted with an intraventricular catheter, since we want to monitor the intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following cares would NOT be an adequate option to prevent this PIC from increasing ?", "output": [ "Ingresa en nuestra unidad de cuidados cr\u00edticos un paciente procedente del servicio de urgencias extrahospitalarias con un traumatismo craneoencef\u00e1lico moderado, al cual se le ha colocado un cat\u00e9ter intraventricular, ya que se quiere monitorizar la presi\u00f3n intracraneal (PIC). \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes cuidados NO ser\u00eda una opci\u00f3n adecuada para evitar que esta PIC aumente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-60acc9d60df34a75a0a719706c95dc0a", "input": "According to the American Heart Association's latest recommendations on CPR, which of the following statements is NOT correct ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan las \u00faltimas recomendaciones de la Amercian Heart Association sobre RCP, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones NO es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ac53098baec94a29a5290effb9d73bd8", "input": "Of the factors listed below that favor the appearance of kidney stones, one is NOT correct", "output": [ "De los factores que se enumeran a continuaci\u00f3n que favorecen la aparici\u00f3n de c\u00e1lculos renales, uno NO es correcto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-740192a640e24bbf8254b68961a3d16b", "input": "Indicate which of the following characteristics does NOT belong to moderate (or persistent moderate) asthma", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas NO pertenece a un Asma Moderada (o persistente moderada)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d05bee1b05a4e4789f489879ee5ff91", "input": "A patient enters our nursing consultation accompanied by a family member holding his arm, seems to walk with a broad, irregular and insecure base, as if he could not keep his balance well, with difficulty in coordinating the steps, resulting in an unstable wandering. What type of gear could we say that this patient has ?", "output": [ "Entra un paciente a nuestra consulta de enfermer\u00eda acompa\u00f1ado de un familiar cogido del brazo, parece caminar con base amplia, irregular e insegura, como si no pudiera mantener bien el equilibrio, con dificultad para coordinar los pasos, resultando una deambulaci\u00f3n inestable. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de marcha podr\u00edamos decir que tiene este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-99aab36bc95a4d6a8afd937dcd2a9b5e", "input": "Which of the following opioid drugs is NOT considered a pure agonist ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos opioides NO se considera un agonista puro?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d6b3b29c0a35483aa52f4a7bbf76c17f", "input": "The functions of the Triage Box are several, EXCEPT", "output": [ "Las funciones del Box de Triaje son varias, EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a37ed3750b564d84b156b260c4abcd2b", "input": "When facing a victim of a fire, what is the first step to be taken ?", "output": [ "Ante una v\u00edctima de un incendio, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la primera medida que debe adoptarse?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bdc5cf0be7c045d7a3ad2a3f496a0ea8", "input": "Which of the following effects is NOT specific to benzodiazepines ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes efectos NO es propio de las benzodiacepinas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f03cbd526314f92acd1bc8af99a8e53", "input": "Which of the following antidiabetic drugs has no hypoglycemic effect ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes antidiab\u00e9ticos no tiene efecto hipoglucemiante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-907301caa21a46b682f8e119f1f74dcf", "input": "Which of the following drugs is indicated in the treatment of severe acute asthma ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos est\u00e1 indicado en el tratamiento de asma aguda grave?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-619a817dbc3e4710bc5620a5b6c4dd1b", "input": "Which of the following adverse reactions is characteristic of furosemide ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes reacciones adversas es caracter\u00edstica de la furosemida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6ef947a6c71e4ad4b152c2a61a475628", "input": "Which substance is indicated to antagonize the effect of unfractionated heparins in case of Hemorrhage ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 sustancia est\u00e1 indicada para antagonizar el efecto de las heparinas no fraccionadas en caso de Hemorragia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1dbc8570bf7a4ebab1653b91b7f5e8f0", "input": "Within the classification TNM (Tumor, Ganglion [Node], Metastasis). What would indicate the classification T1N0M0", "output": [ "Dentro de la clasificaci\u00f3n TNM (Tumor, Ganglio [Node], Met\u00e1stasis). \u00bfQu\u00e9 indicar\u00eda la clasificaci\u00f3n T1N0M0" ] }, { "id": "task1432-05b57622eb6e4a9fb48a22842999ec96", "input": "What is the symptomatic NO pharmacological treatment of dyspnea in advanced cancer ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tratamiento NO farmacol\u00f3gico sintom\u00e1tico de la disnea en el c\u00e1ncer avanzado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c3f7301d76d44c0bb259b827ba4528d", "input": "What chemotherapeutic drug belongs to the antimetabolite group ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco quimioter\u00e1pico pertenece al grupo de los antimetabolitos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-72af6070bb194303b135a9a879309ca0", "input": "A patient reports xerostomia after receiving chemotherapy Which drugs favor the secretion of saliva ?", "output": [ "Una paciente refiere xerostom\u00eda tras recibir quimioterapia \u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmacos favorecen la secreci\u00f3n de saliva?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-97c0bc3573414fd5a6f2f9256b8b85e2", "input": "What recommendations would we give to a patient who presents with xerostomia after receiving chemotherapy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 recomendaciones dar\u00edamos a un paciente que presenta xerostom\u00eda tras recibir el tratamiento quimioter\u00e1pico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b87508d178b746189f70b6f04c293477", "input": "Among the causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding not secondary to portal hypertension is NOT found", "output": [ "Entre las causas de hemorragia digestiva alta no secundaria a hipertensi\u00f3n portal NO se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-07111b466f174d23ab1b58da8c64fe67", "input": "Among the complications that define decompensated cirrhosis, it is NOT found", "output": [ "Entre las complicaciones que definen la cirrosis descompensada, NO se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a30933c9eeae433a9d4eb56ee7566eac", "input": "The pattern of elimination is altered in patients diagnosed with colon cancer. Point out the NO correct answer", "output": [ "El patr\u00f3n de eliminaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 alterado en los pacientes diagnosticados de c\u00e1ncer de colon. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta NO correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-107c4b7d725d40dfa8527fbfaf1a686f", "input": "Is the pancreas a secretion gland ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEl p\u00e1ncreas es una gl\u00e1ndula de secreci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-42630f7dafa54b9fbd20122096c9da97", "input": "Point out the constipation risk factor that is NOT correct", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale el factor de riesgo de estre\u00f1imiento que NO es correcto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-691f6956bd5142e9912bd04a5f86335a", "input": "In a patient with neurological dysfunction after a traumatic brain injury and brain surgery, what is the typical position description of decortication ?", "output": [ "En un paciente con disfunci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3gica tras un traumatismo craneoencef\u00e1lico y cirug\u00eda cerebral, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la descripci\u00f3n de postura t\u00edpica de decorticaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4a75344273ec46bc89183775cdc37d1b", "input": "Which of the following actions could trigger a picture of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal injured patients ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actuaciones podr\u00eda desencadenar un cuadro de disreflexia aut\u00f3noma en pacientes lesionados medulares?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-656ac269e86e4d5f839ebc8663133d1e", "input": "Which of the following patient positions should be AVOIDED in case of increased intracranial pressure after brain surgery ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes posiciones del paciente deber\u00eda EVITARSE en caso de aumento de la presi\u00f3n intracraneal tras una cirug\u00eda cerebral?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-158ecb4c9f274f9995e674353d22469c", "input": "In a patient undergoing tibial skeletal traction, when should the traction weights be removed? Point out the correct option", "output": [ "En un paciente sometido a tracci\u00f3n esquel\u00e9tica tibial, \u00bfcu\u00e1ndo deben retirarse las pesas de tracci\u00f3n? Se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c8155734171b41a780b643020f7b66d9", "input": "A patient who takes a week of absolute rest after pelvic surgery, begins to do isometric exercises of the lower limbs. In this situation, what nursing diagnosis do you think adequately addresses the situation of this patient ?", "output": [ "Un paciente que lleva una semana de reposo absoluto tras una cirug\u00eda p\u00e9lvica, empieza a hacer ejercicios isom\u00e9tricos de miembros inferiores. En esta situaci\u00f3n, \u00bfqu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico de enfermer\u00eda considera que aborda adecuadamente la situaci\u00f3n de este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-480ba69762f448d08b0310898d2feee4", "input": "One of the risks associated with intramedullary osteosynthesis surgery is pulmonary fat embolism, which of the following signs would alert you to the appearance of such a picture ?", "output": [ "Uno de los riesgos asociados a la cirug\u00eda de osteos\u00edntesis endomedular es la embolia grasa pulmonar, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes signos le pondr\u00eda en alerta ante la aparici\u00f3n de dicho cuadro?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-edc5ff19cb5a48208dae9c6b16d6e903", "input": "Which of the following interventions should AVOID in the care of a patient with compartment syndrome in his left forearm ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes intervenciones deber\u00eda EVITAR en el cuidado de un paciente con s\u00edndrome compartimental en su antebrazo izquierdo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-910a570d49864decab8b80af7d5d4b9b", "input": "In a patient undergoing total joint hip replacement surgery, which of the following recommendations is correct ?", "output": [ "En un paciente sometido a cirug\u00eda de reemplazo articular total de cadera, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes recomendaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98b0a6b47dfa43519a631edf10302f49", "input": "What do we mean by the Health System ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 entendemos por Sistema Sanitario?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0cf8930eea41493aaab5cb52afb98989", "input": "What is the permanent organ of communication and information between the different health services and with the central administration of the State currently in Spain ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el \u00f3rgano permanente de comunicaci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n entre los distintos servicios de salud y con la administraci\u00f3n central del Estado actualmente en Espa\u00f1a?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9d50e232c5fd4ab3a6448c25d1ef172f", "input": "What is a budget ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un presupuesto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8853d580693f42dd836bd7b9e99b2ee4", "input": "According to Avedis Donabedian, what are the elements of health care to focus the evaluation of quality ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan Avedis Donabedian \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los elementos de la asistencia sanitaria para centrar la evaluaci\u00f3n de la calidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a08e5bdcc01548678b66ccb1001be473", "input": "Strategic planning, with respect to time, is it planning ?", "output": [ "La planificaci\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica, respecto al tiempo \u00bfes una planificaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-01aada700e354f95b6e5f680c7894f8e", "input": "What is an Organigram ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un Organigrama?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8e83d9270e44c67978b20a602ed3c1c", "input": "How would you define the figure of nurse Case Manager ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo definir\u00eda la figura de enfermera Gestora de Casos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d6b5055648ec4802bb18f646b454ae3f", "input": "What are the Health Areas, according to the current Spanish legislation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las \u00c1reas de Salud, seg\u00fan la actual legislaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-64b235d76ebd49bf8880b22d4b83d53f", "input": "Of the following, which is NOT a complication associated with immobility in the elderly ?", "output": [ "De las siguientes, \u00bfcu\u00e1l NO es una complicaci\u00f3n asociada a la inmovilidad en el anciano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3159dcea36904c289f401ee5a6af6e11", "input": "The anatomical and physiological changes that occur as you age modify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of medications. Of the following, indicate what pharmacokinetic change will affect the elderly patient", "output": [ "Los cambios anat\u00f3micos y fisiol\u00f3gicos que se producen a medida que se envejece modifican las caracter\u00edsticas farmacocin\u00e9ticas de los medicamentos. De los siguientes, indique qu\u00e9 cambio farmacocin\u00e9tico afectar\u00e1 al paciente anciano" ] }, { "id": "task1432-37fe6a3f95014000a362296e8918bcd9", "input": "Of the following scales of functional assessment, which of them will be indicated to assess the instrumental activities of daily life ?", "output": [ "De las siguientes escalas de valoraci\u00f3n funcional, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de ellas estar\u00e1 indicada para valorar las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4d4e045373454b23a29bade479aea034", "input": "Concepci\u00f3n, the main caretaker of her father with vascular dementia, goes to the nursing office, where she tells us that she feels less and less able to take care of her father, and that her social life has been greatly diminished since she takes care of him. Which of the following instruments would we use in order to assess the caregiver's burden ?", "output": [ "Concepci\u00f3n, cuidadora principal de su padre con demencia vascular, acude a la consulta de enfermer\u00eda, donde nos refiere que cada vez se siente menos capaz de cuidar de su padre, y que su vida social se ha visto altamente mermada desde que cuida a \u00e9ste. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes instrumentos emplear\u00edamos a fin de valorar la sobrecarga del cuidador?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-43944e1b7e704f6ab0eeb12dfb539871", "input": "Point out what change at the level of the sense organs is associated with the aging process", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 cambio a nivel de los \u00f3rganos de los sentidos se asocia con el proceso de envejecimiento" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ff5be032c16c451ba75dcb794ff1a26e", "input": "Point out the correct statement regarding urinary incontinence", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta en relaci\u00f3n a las incontinencias urinarias" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5a73ce068a0344d99c04e5e3fb758d44", "input": "Which of the following is an instrument for the screening of patients with cognitive disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un instrumento para el cribado de pacientes con trastornos cognitivos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba9563f2ff2a4fa7a40f1351eb365c68", "input": "Point out the correct statement regarding pressure ulcers", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta en relaci\u00f3n a las \u00falceras por presi\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d081bb37d6a413eaf2576ca3f17e809", "input": "Which of the following is NOT part of the criteria proposed by Fried et al. to define the syndrome of fragility ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes NO forma parte de los criterios propuestos por Fried et al. para definir el s\u00edndrome de fragilidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f5c80e1d62d8474cbca52e6eb26a8afb", "input": "From the following scales, which one should be used to evaluate the pain of a critical patient under sedation and connected to mechanical ventilation ?", "output": [ "De las siguientes escalas, \u00bfCu\u00e1l se debe utilizar para evaluar el dolor de un paciente cr\u00edtico bajo sedaci\u00f3n y conectado a ventilaci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ac170967241748eeba13478ac45f14ee", "input": "The most frequent location of cerebral aneurysms is", "output": [ "La localizaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s frecuente de los aneurismas cerebrales es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e84dfac8ae84264acb5df08a0319a8b", "input": "Which of the following activities should NOT be performed on a critical patient in a prone position ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actividades NO se deber\u00e1 realizar en un paciente cr\u00edtico en dec\u00fabito prono?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2ec75082330b460fbc0e0a80559d1242", "input": "Before a patient with traumatic brain injury, what score on the Glasgow Coma Scale does it show if we observe that it emits inappropriate words, opens its eyes when speaking to it and makes a withdrawal response when applying a painful stimulus ?", "output": [ "Ante un paciente con traumatismo craneoencef\u00e1lico, \u00bfQu\u00e9 puntuaci\u00f3n en la Escala de Coma de Glasgow presenta si observamos que emite palabras inapropiadas, abre los ojos al hablarle y realiza respuesta de retirada ante la aplicaci\u00f3n de un est\u00edmulo doloroso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58b030a1a9c3483ea3f5087215adeae1", "input": "As soon as the patient enters the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), the PRIORITY assessment of the nurse is", "output": [ "Tan pronto como el paciente ingresa en la Unidad de Cuidados Postanest\u00e9sicos (UCPA), la valoraci\u00f3n PRIORITARIA de la enfermera es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c2573d107fd46989546ada6168edb10", "input": "In preoperative care, the primary objectives in the interview with the patient are the following EXCEPT", "output": [ "En los cuidados preoperatorios, los objetivos primarios en la entrevista con el paciente son los siguientes EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eda4b7ffd3af470b900eef453f17e200", "input": "The pharyngeal cannulas", "output": [ "Las c\u00e1nulas far\u00edngeas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-83dfd45ae6244b6d9e0897331025c94a", "input": "With respect to sutures, which of the following statements is FALSE", "output": [ "Con respecto a las suturas, cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-134fe888d454405bb869f17d7fd7c9d1", "input": "In the realization of an access to the intracranial space through a hole in the skull bone, the surgical position is", "output": [ "En la realizaci\u00f3n de un acceso al espacio intracraneal a trav\u00e9s de un orificio en el hueso del cr\u00e1neo, la posici\u00f3n quir\u00fargica es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5d47c90495747c7bf64ebb55c204135", "input": "To prevent excess pressure in the tracheal capillaries, the pressure in the cuff of the tracheostomy tube should be", "output": [ "Para prevenir un exceso de presi\u00f3n en los capilares traqueales, la presi\u00f3n en el manguito del tubo de traqueotom\u00eda debe ser" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e74f680074249d8952d5204cf110ef0", "input": "Of the following, what is the correct statement to refer to the fast evacuation syndrome or Dumping syndrome ?", "output": [ "De los siguientes \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el enunciado correcto para referirnos al s\u00edndrome de evacuaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida o s\u00edndrome de Dumping?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4d5673694494df096ec82e33f2e83ac", "input": "What is not a characteristic used in the assessment of second intention healing in a surgical wound ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l no es una caracter\u00edstica utilizada en la valoraci\u00f3n de la cicatrizaci\u00f3n por segunda intenci\u00f3n en una herida quir\u00fargica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58d96df601d44f02b0bab8d13d894d96", "input": "During the postoperative period, the patient with an amputation should be instructed that the residual limb, after the first 24 hours, should not be routinely elevated because", "output": [ "Durante el periodo postquir\u00fargico el paciente con una amputaci\u00f3n debe ser instruido a que el miembro residual, transcurridas las primeras 24 horas, no debe estar de forma habitual elevado porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-869c6f5293d6403ba59c3155d644156d", "input": "There are several types of drainage. Within the aspiration or hypobaric is", "output": [ "Existen varios tipos de drenaje. Dentro de los aspirativos o hipob\u00e1ricos se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e5ab5990967417ebbaa55b648954dd9", "input": "For the performance of Cardiac Surgery, an Extracorporeal Circuit is used, whose main function is", "output": [ "Para la realizaci\u00f3n de la Cirug\u00eda Cardiaca, se utiliza un Circuito Extracorp\u00f3reo, cuya funci\u00f3n principal es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1f9e78a29d534d35bb5082cd08aae1f9", "input": "The blood from the lungs flows through the four pulmonary veins to", "output": [ "La sangre de los pulmones, desemboca por las cuatro Venas Pulmonares a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d0a600109034996b74b6623fc9b8e1c", "input": "In Cardiac Surgery, Central Venous Pressure (PVC) monitoring determines", "output": [ "En Cirug\u00eda Cardiaca, la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la Presi\u00f3n Venosa Central (PVC), determina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-757456a4b5db475a9d2bd20dbae00a8f", "input": "In cardiovascular evaluation, the main causes of perioperative morbidity and mortality are", "output": [ "En la evaluaci\u00f3n cardiovascular, las mayores causas de morbilidad y mortalidad perio-operatorias son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4a4af55ac3124bc5b5e08ebe1f600770", "input": "In which cardiac cavity, the coronary sinus empties", "output": [ "En qu\u00e9 cavidad cardiaca, desemboca el seno coronario" ] }, { "id": "task1432-74d925e8f38242a98fa04febbbbb6902", "input": "Regarding the Shock, point out the WRONG response", "output": [ "Con respecto al Shock, se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ddc6ff2ae17f4da49186cdfc79cc03c6", "input": "Heat stroke is a systemic inflammatory response characterized by a body temperature", "output": [ "Golpe de calor es una respuesta inflamatoria sist\u00e9mica caracterizada por una temperatura corporal" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b4e80dcee7cc4e0284e23ec545a5bbf1", "input": "The presence of free hemoglobin in blood and urine collected at the beginning of a transfusion reaction is proof that a", "output": [ "La presencia de hemoglobina libre en sangre y orina recogida al inicio de una reacci\u00f3n transfusional constituye la prueba de que se ha producido una" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b0b3e13f81d4f16a427fe4703b6b0e4", "input": "What is the operation of the infusion pumps based on ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 se basa el funcionamiento de las bombas de infusi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-00911ecaec024f3295ab76f130eb6c97", "input": "The Glasgow coma scale", "output": [ "La escala de coma de Glasgow" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f9c4f52b774847788a69df1fa120b7b9", "input": "The administration of insulin in patients with diabetes Mellitus type 1", "output": [ "La administraci\u00f3n de insulina en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus tipo 1" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3e91759163d244448578d9d2a2820fa9", "input": "In acute myocardial infarction", "output": [ "En el infarto agudo de miocardio" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1019057cfae94cceb72f31d7fcf306f9", "input": "Mario G. has undergone surgery and has undergone an esophagectomy due to esophageal cancer. In the postoperative period, tolerance begins with a liquid diet and Mario begins to have intense pain, fever and dyspnea. The nursing staff knows that these symptoms are indicative of", "output": [ "Mario G. ha sido intervenido quir\u00fargicamente y se le ha realizado una esofagectom\u00eda debido a un c\u00e1ncer de es\u00f3fago. En el postoperatorio se inicia tolerancia con una dieta l\u00edquida y Mario comienza a tener dolor intenso, fiebre y disnea. El personal de enfermer\u00eda sabe que estos s\u00edntomas son indicativos de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1fab78fd63764c819723e558594b9b9e", "input": "Paula L. goes to the doctor for presenting a long time epigastric discomfort, regurgitation and heartburn after meals. After the studies and complementary tests, a hiatus hernia is diagnosed. After some time with medical treatment without improvement, he undergoes a surgical intervention (fundoplication) to correct this reflux. Which advice about nutritional treatment is NOT correct ?", "output": [ "Paula L. acude al m\u00e9dico por presentar desde hace tiempo molestias epig\u00e1stricas, regurgitaci\u00f3n y pirosis despu\u00e9s de las comidas. Despu\u00e9s de los estudios y pruebas complementarias es diagnosticada de hernia de hiato. Tras un tiempo con tratamiento m\u00e9dico sin mejor\u00eda se le somete a una intervenci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica (Fundoplicatura) para corregir este reflujo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los consejos acerca del tratamiento nutricional NO es correcto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2ce79d899f3e438587ff0a29d6e66f21", "input": "Mrs. Carmen C., 47 years old, carries a sigmoid colostomy. Which of the following recommendations on changing the device is NOT correct ?", "output": [ "La se\u00f1ora Carmen C. de 47 a\u00f1os es portadora de una Colostom\u00eda sigmoidea. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes recomendaciones sobre el cambio del dispositivo NO es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-99842ba670054ffeb8feff960ef49888", "input": "Margarita R. has been operated eight hours after a fracture of the tibia and has a plaster placed. She calls because she has a lot of pain despite having given her the painkiller one hour ago. The nurse suspects an acute compartment syndrome. What is NOT indicated ?", "output": [ "Margarita R. ha sido operada hace ocho horas de una fractura de tibia y tiene colocada una escayola. Llama porque tiene mucho dolor a pesar de haberle administrado el analg\u00e9sico pautado hace una hora. La enfermera sospecha de un s\u00edndrome compartimental agudo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es lo que NO est\u00e1 indicado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a10a7754b70146b893313b8e877b3b74", "input": "Francisco R., 89, has a sprain on his right foot and a compressive bandage. He has been told to walk with a cane to avoid carrying too much weight on the affected foot. What is the correct way to use a cane ?", "output": [ "Francisco R. de 89 a\u00f1os tiene un esguince en el pie derecho y le han puesto un vendaje compresivo. Le han dicho que camine ayud\u00e1ndose de un bast\u00f3n para no cargar demasiado el peso en el pie afectado. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la forma correcta de usar un bast\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba5eb4fef46e412bb50244e84c570912", "input": "In a collective emergency, it must be clear that", "output": [ "En una emergencia colectiva, se debe tener claro que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bdda9d9515754cf8a7524d97c191af76", "input": "In caring for people who have mental health problems, it is important to take into account the sociocultural aspects that may influence the health / disease process due to", "output": [ "En el cuidado a personas que presentan problemas de salud mental es importante tener en cuenta los aspectos socioculturales que pueden influir en el proceso salud/enfermedad debido a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b61f764b666846b68f08aeda994a9102", "input": "One of the most characteristic symptoms of Nervous Anorexia would be", "output": [ "Uno de los s\u00edntomas m\u00e1s caracter\u00edsticos de la Anorexia Nerviosa ser\u00eda" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35a49b76792442febf77588c3517b285", "input": "In people with Schizophrenic Disorder the need to work and perform, shows manifestations of dependence mainly due to", "output": [ "En las personas con un Trastorno Esquizofr\u00e9nico la necesidad de trabajar y realizarse, presenta manifestaciones de dependencia principalmente debido a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69dfa20aa38d4a97bfc7f7f12a3cb996", "input": "The main clinical characteristic of OT (obsessive disorders) is the obsessive thoughts that are characterized by", "output": [ "La caracter\u00edstica cl\u00ednica principal de los TO (trastornos obsesivos) la constituyen los pensamientos obsesivos que se caracterizan por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-37b4fb38837547fea895e195c654fcec", "input": "Among the symptoms that can occur in patients with a Depressive Disorder would be deliroid ideas that revolve around", "output": [ "Entre los s\u00edntomas que puede darse en pacientes con un Trastorno Depresivo estar\u00edan las ideas deliroides que giran alrededor de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d28e4715c6654c83826d9f77f992202e", "input": "The need for mobilization in a patient with Schizophrenic Disorder can present manifestations of dependence due to movement disorders such as", "output": [ "La necesidad de movilizaci\u00f3n en un paciente con un Trastorno Esquizofr\u00e9nico puede presentar manifestaciones de dependencia debido a trastornos del movimiento tales como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9ee6d02bcf9849ab9fa935480a704593", "input": "The false and irreducible belief that the couple is unfaithful, would be a delirium type", "output": [ "La creencia falsa e irreducible de que la pareja les es infiel, ser\u00eda un delirio tipo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-279e826a1c554c19a9051f14c58780a8", "input": "In the crisis of anguish, one of the symptoms that can occur, would be", "output": [ "En las crisis de angustia, uno de los s\u00edntomas que pueden darse, ser\u00edan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5617806da6da4d2bb7b17c6b66a7cee8", "input": "How many related factors should be included when stating a specific nursing diagnosis in a patient ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos factores relacionados deben incluirse al enunciar un diagn\u00f3stico enfermero determinado en un paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-79173ba134674f238e592e7d1627cb73", "input": "Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the nursing process ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una caracter\u00edstica definitoria del proceso de enfermer\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-73937574f85c4f19a1cd9513f21ba203", "input": "Within the Primary Care Services Portfolio, the Minor Surgery service is collected, which includes the performance of therapeutic or diagnostic procedures. What characteristic must these procedures fulfill ?", "output": [ "Dentro de la Cartera de Servicios de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria se recoge el servicio de Cirug\u00eda Menor, que incluye la realizaci\u00f3n de procedimientos terap\u00e9uticos o diagn\u00f3sticos. \u00bfQu\u00e9 caracter\u00edstica deben cumplir dichos procedimientos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-be664ce59fdd436aaa90530ed8c6966a", "input": "What are the metaparadigmatic elements of nursing thinking ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los elementos metaparadigm\u00e1ticos del pensamiento enfermero?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3460abb22784da5bba2288327740563", "input": "Which of the following statements corresponds to the nursing care in the Middle Ages ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones corresponde a los cuidados enfermeros en la Edad Media?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2934b9603fbf4defbb9427668fd122c9", "input": "During a nutritional-nutrition-focused assessment of Nuria, a 24-year-old woman, you take the following anthropometric measurements size 160 cm, weight 70 kg. By calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI), point out the weight-height stage described", "output": [ "Durante una valoraci\u00f3n focalizada en la nutrici\u00f3n-alimentaci\u00f3n de Nuria, mujer de 24 a\u00f1os, usted toma las siguientes medidas antropom\u00e9tricas talla 160 cm, peso 70 Kg. Mediante el c\u00e1lculo del \u00cdndice de Masa Corporal (IMC), se\u00f1ale el estad\u00edo peso-talla descrito" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3966345700c04206bc856b4d2580b959", "input": "In relation to the stages of the family life cycle, indicate which of the following stages of the family cycle corresponds to the acquisition of autonomy and independence of the children, with the consequent relaxation of limits, granting greater degrees of freedom where communication is essential open", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a las etapas del ciclo vital de la familia, se\u00f1ale a cu\u00e1l de las siguientes etapas de ciclo familiar corresponde la adquisici\u00f3n de autonom\u00eda e independencia de los hijos, con la consiguiente flexibilizaci\u00f3n de l\u00edmites, otorgando mayores grados de libertad donde es primordial una comunicaci\u00f3n abierta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b53b38c9342540e5948912cf33ad232a", "input": "Indicate which was the first of the phases of the Nursing Care Process on which work was started for the construction of a standardized language", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l fue la primera de las fases del Proceso de Atenci\u00f3n de Enfermer\u00eda sobre la que se comenz\u00f3 a trabajar para la construcci\u00f3n de un lenguaje estandarizado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-de6c78d72ac146f6af11cba4bca0e75b", "input": "Regarding the types of Immunity, indicate the correct NO", "output": [ "Respecto a los tipos de Inmunidad, se\u00f1ale la NO correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ab733dd707a1402c8aaee1d70f84834d", "input": "He goes to Francisco's home who has received radiotherapy treatment for cancer of the mouth. Francisco says he does not know how to take care of the skin in the area exposed to radiation. Indicate what recommendation you would give to Francisco", "output": [ "Acude al domicilio de Francisco que ha recibido tratamiento de radioterapia por un c\u00e1ncer de boca. Francisco refiere no saber c\u00f3mo cuidarse la piel de la zona expuesta a la radiaci\u00f3n. Indique que recomendaci\u00f3n le dar\u00eda a Francisco" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a78200e8c4844e45b9b838a1c9e7af93", "input": "Computers have a part that serves to store the program that is running, its data and intermediate results while it is on; being this temporary storage since it is lost when turning off the computer. Indicate the name of the hardware element of the computer that is alluded to", "output": [ "Los ordenadores tienen una parte que sirve para almacenar el programa que se est\u00e1 ejecutando, sus datos y resultados intermedios mientras est\u00e1 encendido; siendo este almacenamiento de car\u00e1cter temporal ya que se pierde al apagar el ordenador. Se\u00f1ale el nombre del elemento del hardware del ordenador al que se hace alusi\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6479fb69198c4dd390b5966ec158a354", "input": "In the management and administration of services there is a method that was proposed by Hanlon for the prioritization of problems. The formula proposed in this method is composed of four criteria, where one of them can by itself make the problem analyzed obtain a global value of 0, given how this criterion works within the formula and the range of value it can have. Point out what this criterion of Hanlon methods is", "output": [ "En la gesti\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n de servicios existe un m\u00e9todo que fue propuesto por Hanlon para la priorizaci\u00f3n de problemas. La f\u00f3rmula propuesta en este m\u00e9todo se compone de cuatro criterios, donde uno de ellos puede por s\u00ed solo hacer que el problema analizado obtenga un valor global de 0, dado c\u00f3mo funciona dicho criterio dentro de la f\u00f3rmula y el rango de valor que puede tener. Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l es este criterio del m\u00e9todos Hanlon" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b133e88dffc49c09b14e6edfc8f6ccc", "input": "The use or application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for a wide range of aspects related to health is called under the term", "output": [ "El uso o aplicaci\u00f3n de las Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y la Comunicaci\u00f3n (TIC) para un amplio rango de aspectos relativos a la salud se denomina bajo el t\u00e9rmino " ] }, { "id": "task1432-9625c7ce0f694994bb5d4dc48dd5fdde", "input": "Regarding the minimum data set of the clinical reports in the National Health System, and specifically with regard to the Nursing Care Report, indicate the correct option regarding the registration of the active assessment for which a person is currently treated. ", "output": [ "Respecto al conjunto m\u00ednimo de datos de los informes cl\u00ednicos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, y concretamente en lo que respecta al Informe de Cuidados de Enfermer\u00eda, se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n correcta respecto al registro de la valoraci\u00f3n activa por la que actualmente se trata a una persona" ] }, { "id": "task1432-97b3c54ff145489488dc6aaa119bafad", "input": "How many standardized nursing languages \u200b\u200bexist as recognized by the American Nurses Association ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos lenguajes estandarizados de enfermer\u00eda existen seg\u00fan reconoce la American Nurses Association?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-575c276b350a435f9e57ce91afe86056", "input": "From the following statements about the Letter presented at the First International Conference on Health Promotion held in Ottawa on November 21, 1986, point out the correct answer", "output": [ "De las siguientes afirmaciones sobre la Carta presentada en la Primera Conferencia Internacional de Promoci\u00f3n de la Salud celebrada en Ottawa el 21 de noviembre de 1986, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-159b3dac6cf447f38ae2c1b5b005d6b0", "input": "Alba, a 66-year-old woman who has been the main caretaker of her husband for 10 years. Her husband, Sebasti\u00e1n, 67 years old man with limitation of mobility and sensory as a result of a traffic accident. Alba's medical history reports that last week she had a score of 46 on the Zarit scale. Given this information, it must be taken into account that", "output": [ "Alba, mujer de 66 a\u00f1os de edad cuidadora principal de su marido desde hace 10 a\u00f1os. Su marido, Sebasti\u00e1n, hombre de 67 a\u00f1os con limitaci\u00f3n de la movilidad y sensorial a consecuencia de un accidente de tr\u00e1fico. En la historia cl\u00ednica de Alba se informa que la semana pasada presentaba una puntuaci\u00f3n de 46 en la escala de Zarit. Ante esta informaci\u00f3n se ha de tener en cuenta que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-507fadfa8ed249458840344c0e311ef1", "input": "Andrea goes to the consultation for nutritional imbalance higher than the needs, objectivable with a BMI higher than 27. The nurse considers it opportune to change habits in food and activity. For the proposal of objectives with Andrea, estimates the Basal Energy Expenditure (GEB). What precise data to obtain about Andrea for the calculation of GEB according to the formula of Harris-Bennedict ?", "output": [ "Andrea acude a consulta por desequilibrio nutricional superior a las necesidades, objetivable con un IMC superior al 27. La enfermera considera oportuno un cambio de h\u00e1bitos en alimentaci\u00f3n y actividad. Para la propuesta de objetivos con Andrea, estima el Gasto Energ\u00e9tico Basal (GEB). \u00bfQu\u00e9 datos precisa obtener sobre Andrea para el c\u00e1lculo de GEB seg\u00fan la f\u00f3rmula de Harris-Bennedict?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-56ee0878cc7b41b494f96ed1746fa2f0", "input": "Whooping cough is an infection caused by", "output": [ "La tosferina es una infecci\u00f3n causada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a56b5c691b86430baa28a7a0dff304b0", "input": "Diego, a 31-year-old man and a nurse, comes to the consultation with a report that states Measles negative; Rubella negative; Parotiditis positive. Its vaccination history is unknown and it does not present any chronic or acute health process. Point out the correct answer between the following statements", "output": [ "Diego, hombre de 31 a\u00f1os y enfermero, acude a consulta con un informe que expone Sarampi\u00f3n negativo; Rubeola negativa; Parotiditis positivo. Se desconoce su historia vacunal y no presenta ning\u00fan proceso de salud cr\u00f3nico ni agudo. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta entre las siguientes afirmaciones" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5aaa921e524a481d9ca9686c391ce677", "input": "When assessing in an elderly person the Risk of falls following the Downton Scale, which of the following elements we will not have valued", "output": [ "Al valorar en una persona anciana el Riesgo de ca\u00eddas siguiendo la Escala de Downton, cu\u00e1l de los siguientes elementos no habremos valorado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ec974826d564473987062955115bcce3", "input": "ABVD is a treatment scheme used in the therapy of people who have HODGKIN disease. What are the drugs that make it up ?", "output": [ "ABVD es un esquema de tratamiento utilizado en la terapia de personas que tienen enfermedad de HODGKIN \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los f\u00e1rmacos que lo componen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ec5617b92a9f45ff82490829aa049503", "input": "If the probability of having disease A is 5%, that of having disease B is 10% and that of having at least one of the two is 13%. What is the probability of having both ?", "output": [ "Si la probabilidad de tener la enfermedad A es del 5%, la de tener la enfermedad B es del 10% y la de tener al menos una de las dos es del 13%, \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la probabilidad de tener las dos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-25b5e4c6a0ba486280e125b865d0fc81", "input": "The basic requirement of a meta-analysis is", "output": [ "El requisito b\u00e1sico de un meta an\u00e1lisis es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-873b8ac1700f4e2385b6b79946991afc", "input": "Point out the INCORRECT response, regarding the Delphi technique", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA, respecto a la t\u00e9cnica Delphi" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b4dfe14c40fc4dc08845168fb17db76a", "input": "When we come to a general conclusion based on particular data we are defining", "output": [ "Cuando llegamos a una conclusi\u00f3n general partiendo de datos particulares estamos definiendo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b3a8c066e6c410c9c42cab8803f7b49", "input": "In which of the following strategies developed by the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, the objective is to promote the development of individualized nursing care plans adapted to the needs of each patient, specifying that reference be made, at least, to the following aspects Prevention of falls and associated injuries, Prevention of pressure ulcers, Prevention of infections associated with healthcare, Security in the physical containment of patients who require it, Prevention of malnutrition and dehydration, especially in elderly patients , Prevention of bronchoaspiration, Prevention and control of pain in adults and children, taking into account the needs and preferences of patients and their caregivers ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes estrategias desarrolladas por el Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad se recoge el objetivo de fomentar el desarrollo de planes de cuidados de enfermer\u00eda individualizados adecuados a las necesidades de cada paciente, especificando que se haga referencia, al menos, a los siguientes aspectos Prevenci\u00f3n de ca\u00eddas y lesiones asociadas, Prevenci\u00f3n de \u00falceras por presi\u00f3n, Prevenci\u00f3n de infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria, Seguridad en la contenci\u00f3n f\u00edsica de los pacientes que lo requieran, Prevenci\u00f3n de la malnutrici\u00f3n y deshidrataci\u00f3n, especialmente en pacientes ancianos, Prevenci\u00f3n de la broncoaspiraci\u00f3n, Prevenci\u00f3n y control del dolor en el adulto y en el ni\u00f1o atendiendo a las necesidades y preferencias de los pacientes y sus cuidadores?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5509ec6078e84019845cf9ab01b03c77", "input": "What health authority is responsible for the establishment, execution and evaluation of a vaccination schedule ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 autoridad sanitaria es la responsable del establecimiento, ejecuci\u00f3n y evaluaci\u00f3n de un calendario de vacunaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1df30ff545f64180b752890decca0120", "input": "LCS, a 34-year-old woman, goes from cooperation to a refugee camp for a year; is on treatment with methotrexate for 1 year due to the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. On the occasion of a trip to Morocco, a dose of vaccine against hepatitis A was given 7 months ago, would it be correct to administer a second dose today ?", "output": [ "LCS, mujer de 34 a\u00f1os se va de cooperaci\u00f3n a un campo de refugiados durante un a\u00f1o; est\u00e1 en tratamiento con metotrexato desde hace 1 a\u00f1o por diagn\u00f3stico de artritis reumatoide. Con motivo de un viaje a Marruecos se puso una dosis de vacuna frente a la hepatitis A hace 7 meses, \u00bfser\u00eda correcto administrar hoy una segunda dosis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ed8d0ba26c244a0abedb19acbc123286", "input": "Of the following contraindications to vaccination, identify the INCORRECT", "output": [ "De las siguientes contraindicaciones a la vacunaci\u00f3n, identifique la INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a0a3fac9d15a4850a4e38ec1db643a7e", "input": "In relation to palliative care, which of the following statements is NOT correct ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a los cuidados paliativos \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones NO es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1c0b67418934853a927ec15b683c77f", "input": "In the home assessment of a bone marrow transplant patient, it is observed erythema, painful ulcerations of small extension that produce moderate pain that yields with local analgesia. The patient reports that he has pain when swallowing. All these symptoms are due to the mucositis that the patient presents. To what degree is the mucositis described ?", "output": [ "En la valoraci\u00f3n domiciliaria de un paciente trasplantado de m\u00e9dula \u00f3sea, se observa eritema, ulceraciones dolorosas de peque\u00f1a extensi\u00f3n que producen dolor moderado que cede con analgesia local. El paciente refiere que tiene dolor al deglutir. Todos estos s\u00edntomas se deben a la mucositis que presenta el paciente. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 grado es la mucositis descrita?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1ff75f431c304e73afd19f261f80ef6d", "input": "Mrs. HMR goes to her health center to request information about the results of the study of her future child sent from the pregnancy immunohematology clinic of her reference hospital. The pregnancy of Mrs. HMR has been made thanks to the donation of donor eggs fertilized with the semen of her husband Mr. DCG. As you know for the inheritance of the blood group, two genes are inherited, one from each parent. The donated egg presents the following combination A0 and that of Mr. DCG AA. What will be the baby group?", "output": [ "La se\u00f1ora HMR acude a su centro de salud para solicitarle informaci\u00f3n sobre los resultados del estudio de su futuro hijo enviados desde la consulta de inmunohematolog\u00eda del embarazo de su hospital de referencia. El embarazo de la se\u00f1ora HMR se ha realizado gracias a la donaci\u00f3n de \u00f3vulos de donante fecundados con el esperma de su marido el se\u00f1or DCG. Como usted conoce para la herencia del grupo sangu\u00edneo se heredan dos genes, uno de cada progenitor. El \u00f3vulo donado presenta la siguiente combinaci\u00f3n A0 y el del se\u00f1or DCG AA. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00e1 el grupo del beb\u00e9?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c20b638f6a90437c97caeba93c294365", "input": "What theoretical nurse describes the levels of qualified, beginner, advanced beginner, competent, efficient and expert practice ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 te\u00f3rica enfermera describe los niveles de pr\u00e1ctica cualificada, principiante, principiante avanzada, competente, eficiente y experta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5adbfd2558cf432c8877f4fc3af6b156", "input": "JCR is admitted to the internal medicine service of which you are a nurse for the treatment of bilateral pneumonia. He is currently being infused intravenously with a concentrate of red blood cells, a saline solution with 10 milliequivalents of intravenous potassium and a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The patient begins to have chills, low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia and mild hematuria. His first performance is", "output": [ "JCR es ingresado en el servicio de medicina interna del cual usted es enfermera para tratamiento de una neumon\u00eda bilateral. Actualmente se le est\u00e1 infundiendo por v\u00eda intravenosa una concentrado de hemat\u00edes, un suero salino con 10 miliequivalentes de potasio intravenoso y un antibi\u00f3tico de amplio espectro. El paciente comienza a tener escalofr\u00edos, dolor lumbar, hipotensi\u00f3n, taquicardia y ligera hematuria. Su primera actuaci\u00f3n es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46878e56c13d4f3f9914d54e58003c7e", "input": "The main diagnosis of Mr. J.H. es Excess fluid volume m / p anasarca, jugular ingurgitation r / c compromised regulatory mechanisms, has been operated on yesterday of a left knee prosthesis. In today's laboratory he has a hemoglobin of 7.4 gr / dl and the doctor requests the transfusion of a packed red cell of 250 cc volume. What is the infusion rate in this patient ?", "output": [ "El diagn\u00f3stico principal del se\u00f1or J.H. es Exceso de volumen de l\u00edquidos m/p anasarca, ingurgitaci\u00f3n yugular r/c mecanismos de regulaci\u00f3n comprometidos, ha sido intervenido quir\u00fargicamente en el d\u00eda de ayer de una pr\u00f3tesis de rodilla izquierda. En la anal\u00edtica de hoy presenta una hemoglobina de 7.4 gr/dl y el m\u00e9dico solicita la transfusi\u00f3n de un concentrado de hemat\u00edes de 250 cc de volumen. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la velocidad de infusi\u00f3n en este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9dbf62feeede4d42aaf2f3ba519022ac", "input": "The pregnant ARH comes to consultation since the specialist has sent her to the pregnancy immunology clinic of the reference hospital to know if it is necessary to administer anti-D gamma globulin. The administration of anti-D gamma globulin must be administered", "output": [ "La gestante ARH acude a consulta ya que el especialista le ha enviado a la consulta de inmunolog\u00eda del embarazo del hospital de referencia para saber si es necesario la administraci\u00f3n de la gamma globulina anti-D. La administraci\u00f3n de la gamma globulina anti-D debe ser administrada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2be60463fff04d448ef1c05e2b184896", "input": "From the emergency department of the hospital, they request the transfusion of extreme urgency of a patient admitted due to active upper gastrointestinal bleeding. At present, the blood group of the patient is unknown, but the transfusion of both packed red blood cells (CH) and fresh frozen plasma (PFC) is necessary. To avoid a possible transfusion reaction you can transfuse", "output": [ "Desde el servicio de urgencias del hospital, solicitan la trasfusi\u00f3n de extrema urgencia de un paciente que ingresa por una hemorragia digestiva alta activa. En el momento actual se desconoce el grupo sangu\u00edneo del paciente, pero la transfusi\u00f3n tanto de concentrado de hemat\u00edes (CH) como de plasma fresco congelado (PFC) es necesaria. Para evitar una posible reacci\u00f3n transfusional usted puede transfundirle" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6926954f54f94de3a510d66ce391288f", "input": "Selection bias occurs when", "output": [ "El sesgo de selecci\u00f3n sucede cuando" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2fe4fe7b811047be839e37979cb91746", "input": "When we refer to dynamic demography we are referring to", "output": [ "Cuando nos referimos a demograf\u00eda din\u00e1mica nos estamos refiriendo a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27c76d360df44c50aa921fab5252ee49", "input": "On the Synthetic Fertility Index, indicate the CORRECT option", "output": [ "Sobre el \u00cdndice Sint\u00e9tico de Fecundidad, se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d4731fc313f439ea22a629a1927a2aa", "input": "Among the Bradford-Hill criteria on causation is the following", "output": [ "Entre los criterios de Bradford-Hill sobre la causalidad se encuentra el siguiente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-59f7c4980e0d49d096468b502c3145f2", "input": "In relation to hand hygiene; Which is the most effective option to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms, if the hands are not visibly dirty ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la higiene de manos; \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s eficaz para disminuir el riesgo de transmisi\u00f3n de microorganismos, si las manos no se encuentran visiblemente sucias?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dc3d9ee168a844d9b150e5f179008d46", "input": "Among the recommendations on the practice of physical exercise in a healthy adult is NOT one of the following", "output": [ "Entre las recomendaciones sobre la pr\u00e1ctica de ejercicio f\u00edsico en una persona adulta sana NO se encuentra una de las siguientes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c5818280cb3445e9bdc31a562bbf107", "input": "Can inactive influenza vaccination be administered during pregnancy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfSe puede administrar la vacunaci\u00f3n antigripal inactiva durante el embarazo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58e5133746ab48838ee07c6866e92420", "input": "According to the strategy of health promotion and prevention in the National Health System, what recommendations should be made in relation to Food? Point out the INCORRECT", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la estrategia de promoci\u00f3n de la salud y prevenci\u00f3n en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, \u00bfqu\u00e9 recomendaciones se deben realizar en relaci\u00f3n con la Alimentaci\u00f3n? Se\u00f1ale la INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-912ab1f75f6442e8a61eb6e3268b7de3", "input": "In relation to the prevention measures of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), point out the CORRECT answer", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con las medidas de prevenci\u00f3n de las Infecciones de Transmisi\u00f3n Sexual (ITS) se\u00f1ale la respuesta CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b58040cc9cbd41b0b46bbc4e35650c40", "input": "Mar\u00eda is 78 years old, her educational level is low, she lives alone, she is sedentary and presents sarcopenia. Has a salaried caregiver 2 hours a day. In consultation you observe a certain sadness. What nursing diagnosis could you identify?", "output": [ "Mar\u00eda tiene 78 a\u00f1os de edad, su nivel educativo es bajo, vive sola, es sedentaria y presenta sarcopenia. Tiene una cuidadora asalariada 2 horas al d\u00eda. En consulta usted observa una cierta tristeza. \u00bfQu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico enfermero podr\u00eda identificar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12b619c24e64464aabc27a9e4a540467", "input": "The most recommendable way to carry out Health Education in school is", "output": [ "La forma m\u00e1s recomendable para realizar Educaci\u00f3n para la Salud en la escuela es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b102800d70bc4a93895cba0983acb46d", "input": "Jos\u00e9, a 61-year-old man with obesity, sleep apnea, admitted to the ICU five days ago after abdominal surgery. Since the operation has not received sedatives for sleep, it is scheduled analgesia but fails to be effective with the consequent prolonged discomfort, in addition the environment is overstimulating and refers not to have a restful sleep. During the last 24 hours he has begun to manifest anxiety, increased sensitivity to pain, agitation that leads him to retire the night mask for sleep apnea, irritability and is even starting with hallucinations and an episode of aggression. Point out the present diagnostic label", "output": [ "Jos\u00e9, var\u00f3n de 61 a\u00f1os, con obesidad, apnea del sue\u00f1o, ingresado hace cinco d\u00edas en UCI tras una intervenci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica abdominal. Desde la operaci\u00f3n no ha recibido sedantes para el sue\u00f1o, s\u00ed tiene pautada analgesia pero no logra ser efectiva con el consiguiente disconfort prolongado, adem\u00e1s el entorno es sobreestimulador y refiere no tener un sue\u00f1o reparador. Durante las \u00faltimas 24 horas ha comenzado a manifestar ansiedad, aumento de la sensibilidad al dolor, agitaci\u00f3n que le lleva a retirarse la mascarilla nocturna para su apnea del sue\u00f1o, irritabilidad e incluso est\u00e1 empezando con alucinaciones y un episodio de agresividad. Se\u00f1ale la etiqueta diagn\u00f3stica presente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-815c09d42c304c1880ba1ad71e9ffe10", "input": "Juan has had surgery for a mouth cancer and two thirds of his tongue have been removed. You receive him in consultation and check that Juan, at this moment, feels worried about the change and also wears a handkerchief that hides his mouth and neck because according to him he is afraid of the reaction of other people. What diagnosis does Juan present ?", "output": [ "Juan ha sido operado de un c\u00e1ncer de boca y le han quitado dos tercios de lengua. Usted le recibe en consulta y comprueba que Juan, en este momento, se siente preocupado por el cambio y adem\u00e1s lleva un pa\u00f1uelo que le oculta la boca y el cuello porque seg\u00fan le cuenta, tiene temor a la reacci\u00f3n de las dem\u00e1s personas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico presenta Juan?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5895c3c5ad684ad199ef2a13bed8e9d9", "input": "Soledad is at home recently operated on for a pancreatic cancer. Soledad's daughter and husband come to the consultation to request an appointment with their nurse. The daughter asks if her mother is going to die and if the same thing will happen to her too. Select the diagnosis that presents", "output": [ "Soledad se encuentra en casa reci\u00e9n operada de un c\u00e1ncer de p\u00e1ncreas. La hija y el marido de Soledad acuden a la consulta para solicitar cita con su enfermero. La hija pregunta si su madre va a morir y si a ella tambi\u00e9n le pasar\u00e1 lo mismo. Seleccione el diagn\u00f3stico que presenta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58befa2b1b39434489cd3ddb9b784eb6", "input": "Maximiliano has been diagnosed with colon cancer and the treatment he receives has caused severe mucositis. For the following foods, select which one I would not recommend to Maximiliano", "output": [ "Maximiliano ha sido diagnosticado de un c\u00e1ncer de colon y el tratamiento que recibe le ha provocado una mucositis severa. De los siguientes alimentos, seleccione cu\u00e1l no recomendar\u00eda a Maximiliano" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03b65743e2e844a7ab274dd14319804f", "input": "For the focused evaluation of the abdomen of Antonio G.M. employs a technique that involves tapping the body surface with the fingertips to vibrate the underlying tissues and organs (what can be felt with touch) and what emits different sounds (which can be heard) depending on the density which is hit. Point out the name of the described physical examination technique", "output": [ "Para la valoraci\u00f3n focalizada del abdomen de Antonio G.M. emplea una t\u00e9cnica que implica golpear ligeramente la superficie corporal con las yemas de los dedos para hacer vibrar los tejidos y \u00f3rganos subyacentes (lo que se puede sentir con el tacto) y lo que emite sonidos distintos (que pueden o\u00edrse) en funci\u00f3n de la densidad sobre la que se golpea. Se\u00f1ale el nombre de la t\u00e9cnica de exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica descrito" ] }, { "id": "task1432-381058d0167d46d8b7037c4540a20011", "input": "In our health center we want to promote hand hygiene to prevent infections related to health care. When we refer to the 5 components of the WHO Multimodal Strategy for the improvement of hand hygiene we are talking about", "output": [ "En nuestro centro de salud queremos fomentar la higiene de manos para prevenir las infecciones relacionadas con la atenci\u00f3n sanitaria. Cuando nos referimos a los 5 componentes de la Estrategia Multimodal de la OMS para la mejora de la higiene de manos estamos hablando de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9f3016a22cab43fc8fbb7875ac509c6b", "input": "In the care of a person with a Depressive Disorder, the moments of greatest suicidal risk to consider are", "output": [ "En la atenci\u00f3n a una persona con un Trastorno Depresivo, los momentos de mayor riesgo suicida a tener en cuenta son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b2117922d2a04abe84d967d10d86f416", "input": "In a cohort study, we want to study the association between the appearance of hepatitis B infections in nursing professionals and the use of gloves. The results of the Relative Risk (RR) and its Confidence Interval (CI) at 95% RR use of gloves are shown 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 - 0.9). How would you interpret the results?", "output": [ "En un estudio de cohorte se quiere estudiar la asociaci\u00f3n entre la aparici\u00f3n de infecciones por hepatitis B en profesionales de enfermer\u00eda y el uso de guantes. Se muestran los resultado del Riesgo Relativo (RR) y su Intervalo de Confianza (IC) al 95% RR uso de guantes 0.5 (IC 95%0.1 \u2013 0.9). \u00bfC\u00f3mo interpretar\u00eda los resultados?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9324715f172c4c6f8cacd97dfb660164", "input": "People with a Narcissistic Personality Disorder tend to", "output": [ "Las personas con un Trastorno Narcisista de la Personalidad, tienen tendencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-05a07796fa984b3ab1f77006a11b5eca", "input": "Which of the following neuromuscular blockers is used for endotracheal intubation because of its rapid onset of action and because it is the fastest to reverse its action ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes bloqueantes neuromusculares se utiliza para la intubaci\u00f3n endotraqueal por su rapidez de inicio de acci\u00f3n y por ser el m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido en revertir su acci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-334f868153984f518dbe5fc9eb33a328", "input": "Is the randomized clinical trial the design that is related to ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEl ensayo cl\u00ednico aleatorizado es el dise\u00f1o que se relaciona con?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-364964a558464331a9574063d0d92afb", "input": "What is the recommended position in a patient who has just had a lumbar puncture ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la postura recomendada en un paciente al que se le acaba de practicar una punci\u00f3n lumbar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1445a680f5ef4c6183579e2966f35be1", "input": "What chemical property of raltegravir and related drugs explains its ability to inhibit the HIV virus integrase ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 propiedad qu\u00edmica del raltegravir y f\u00e1rmacos relacionados explica su capacidad de inhibir la integrasa del virus VIH?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0fbb6d83b2854c6d92ac0cffdb2b278b", "input": "The Boc (t-butoxycarbonyl) group is frequently used in combinatorial chemistry to protect the amino group from amino acids in the synthesis of solid phase peptides. What reagent is used for its subsequent elimination ?", "output": [ "El grupo Boc (t-butoxicarbonilo) se utiliza frecuentemente en la qu\u00edmica combinatoria para proteger el grupo amino de los amino\u00e1cidos en la s\u00edntesis de p\u00e9ptidos en fase s\u00f3lida. \u00bfQu\u00e9 reactivo se emplea para su posterior eliminaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-50d54f7219f74d1dab3a4839c8dd45b2", "input": "What does the hydroxyethylene fragment mimic a proteidomimetic protease inhibitor such as saquinavir ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 imita el fragmento de hidroxietileno de un peptidomim\u00e9tico inhibidor de proteasa como el saquinavir?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-224bb2bf7c6b48ac957340b271844236", "input": "Which of the indicated factors explains the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by certain aryl carbamates, such as physostigmine or neostigmine ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los factores que se indican explica la inhibici\u00f3n de la acetilcolinesterasa por ciertos carbamatos de arilo, como la fisostigmina o la neostigmina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-23bb89c14b5d4cbe94f9f7b655282228", "input": "Chlorothiazide is a diuretic that arose from the observation of diuresis as a side effect in an antibacterial agent. In which?", "output": [ "La clorotiazida es un diur\u00e9tico que surgi\u00f3 de la observaci\u00f3n de diuresis como efecto secundario en un agente antibacteriano. \u00bfEn cu\u00e1l?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ef9c33c1c88431d9a8a53d2da61b966", "input": "Which of the following reactions of drug metabolism corresponds to phase II ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes reacciones del metabolismo de los f\u00e1rmacos corresponde a la fase II?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-60f0e590daea47978befc225dbbeee75", "input": "Which of the following structural fragments, common in angiotensin II receptor antagonists, is ionized at physiological pH because it is acidic ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes fragmentos estructurales, habituales en los antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina II, est\u00e1 ionizado a pH fisiol\u00f3gico por ser \u00e1cido?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1f7ee8a77e82426e9fe7fdc0e2272c7e", "input": "What is the anti-inflammatory analgesic drug that has a chiral or stereogenic center ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el f\u00e1rmaco analg\u00e9sicoantiinflamatorio que presenta un centro quiral o estereog\u00e9nico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-303c64470be54658b0c383e813a7d0f3", "input": "The reaction between diphenylamine and sulfur derivatives, using iodine as a catalyst (Bernthsen reaction), allows obtaining the heterocyclic nucleus characteristic of a group of antipsychotic drugs. Which?", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n entre derivados de difenilamina y azufre, utilizando yodo como catalizador (reacci\u00f3n de Bernthsen), permite la obtenci\u00f3n del n\u00facleo heteroc\u00edclico caracter\u00edstico de un grupo de f\u00e1rmacos antipsic\u00f3ticos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6068181fd2fd4dbd933c3ad8ace8a74f", "input": "Semisynthetic cephalosporins are obtained from 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7ACA), which is obtained in turn from natural cephalosporin C by", "output": [ "Las cefalosporinas semisint\u00e9ticas se obtienen a partir del \u00e1cido 7-aminocefalospor\u00e1nico (7ACA), que se obtiene a su vez de la cefalosporina C natural mediante " ] }, { "id": "task1432-f4b3d0e4b30b4778b6f1e2f4b80d8049", "input": "Indicate which of the following structural groups of drugs do NOT act on the different ion channels", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de los siguientes grupos estructurales de f\u00e1rmacos NO act\u00faan sobre los diferentes canales i\u00f3nicos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-532a11ba77ad42cd98dc61eb4e9bd81c", "input": "Which of the following statements regarding clopidogrel is correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones referentes al clopidogrel es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b7d89743132e40c982601a4d50f39c8a", "input": "Which of the following drugs is a suicide drug ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos es un f\u00e1rmaco suicida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c31d8522bcde4d969908c8f5bd373e0a", "input": "The O-dealkylation of ethers is a metabolic reaction that begins with the hydroxylation of the carbon atom attached to oxygen to give an intermediate that decomposes spontaneously. What nature is this intermediate ?", "output": [ "La O-desalquilaci\u00f3n de \u00e9teres es una reacci\u00f3n metab\u00f3lica que se inicia con la hidroxilaci\u00f3n del \u00e1tomo de carbono unido al ox\u00edgeno para dar un intermedio que se descompone espont\u00e1neamente. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 naturaleza es ese intermedio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4fef0cd034a64dacb8640036cdf9df0c", "input": "Which of the following statements regarding the physiology and structure of mycobacteria is true ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones respecto a la fisiolog\u00eda y estructura de las micobacterias es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c9c32eabf524066ba02c73933d10ccb", "input": "What is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el agente etiol\u00f3gico de la leucoencefalopat\u00eda multifocal progresiva?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c35da400687c485da09fca2f1ec4388d", "input": "What is the recommended technique to check the effectiveness of HCV hepatitis treatment ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la t\u00e9cnica recomendada para comprobar la eficacia del tratamiento en la hepatitis por el VHC?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3700b3af26db4608a45ce5255c97a240", "input": "Which of the following Candida species exhibits intrinsic resistance to fluconazole ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes especies de Candida presenta resistencia intr\u00ednseca a fluconazol?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3e3a30a54d1540e6ac840af80c3e8706", "input": "What is the mechanism of action of fosfomycin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de la fosfomicina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-435a0852001e4068a81ce2a8dd011c22", "input": "Which of the following antifungals acts on the 1,3 Beta-D glucan cell wall of fungi ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes antif\u00fangicos act\u00faa sobre el 1,3 Beta-D glucano de la pared celular de los hongos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-44ee1cfce4ae444d90a006c1564163a2", "input": "Which of the following microorganisms does NOT grow in the usual culture media used in the mycobacteriology laboratory ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes microorganismos NO crece en los medios de cultivo habituales usados en el laboratorio de micobacteriolog\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3436cd278bc14333b81ebadd5207f1b9", "input": "MacConkey agar is selective and differential for", "output": [ "El agar MacConkey es selectivo y diferencial para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c770a910134644a3afb688f23751daa2", "input": "For which of the following microorganisms is an effective vaccine available ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPara cu\u00e1l de los siguientes microorganismos se dispone de una vacuna eficaz?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-efc0c3dc2af84348a6608d19c2cd55f6", "input": "Which of the following bacteria is the main cause of diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes bacterias es la principal causa de diarrea asociada al uso de antibi\u00f3ticos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9744dda4210f4e4289a7cd53e5a71018", "input": "Gram stain is based on", "output": [ "La tinci\u00f3n de Gram se basa en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-133a124dc19b46d39281f04f9d4d7f81", "input": "Which of the following infectious diseases is considered a zoonosis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades infecciosas se considera una zoonosis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-858fe1bf2100420f8b13e56f3d7f129f", "input": "With respect to Strongyloides, which of the following statements is true ?", "output": [ "Con respecto a Strongyloides, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-02d7e85291f64cfb9d88b52151e89be0", "input": "Which of the following is vector of Leishmania ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es vector de la Leishmania?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-deae82f715804215a5ae77adf123b503", "input": "For which of the following infections trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole is the treatment of first choice ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPara cu\u00e1l de las siguientes infecciones el trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol constituye el tratamiento de primera elecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a449b2332c3a4201b84040e27b2d6178", "input": "A 43-year-old woman who, after returning from Mali, presented with a fever, malaise and arthromyalgia. In the Giemsa stain, parasitised red blood cells increased in size with fine Sch\u00fcffner granules, irregular mature trophozoites, amoeboids and schizonts with 12 - 24 merozoites. No gametocytes are observed. What species of Plasmodium corresponds to this description ?", "output": [ "Mujer de 43 a\u00f1os que tras regresar de Mali presenta un cuadro de fiebre, malestar general y artromialgias. En la tinci\u00f3n de Giemsa se observan gl\u00f3bulos rojos parasitados aumentados de tama\u00f1o con finos gr\u00e1nulos de Sch\u00fcffner, trofozo\u00edtos maduros irregulares, ameboides y esquizontes con 12 \u2013 24 merozo\u00edtos. No se observan gametocitos. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 especie de Plasmodium corresponde esta descripci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-148206cfc79b45848a648573bd574767", "input": "Which of the following parasites is a flagellated protozoan ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes par\u00e1sitos es un protozoo flagelado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2be1de1e4b58452c867b9a9b9e7ec12f", "input": "Which excipient is NOT mandatory declaration in the preparation of master formulas ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 excipiente NO es de declaraci\u00f3n obligatoria en la elaboraci\u00f3n de f\u00f3rmulas magistrales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-01de3bf1b91d481993f1cd4a9b34381e", "input": "On the preparation of master formulas and officinal preparations", "output": [ "Sobre la preparaci\u00f3n de f\u00f3rmulas magistrales y preparados oficinales" ] }, { "id": "task1432-74d0d37669e240249138a13033d5fce6", "input": "Which of the following semi-solid pharmaceutical forms with which a master formula can be prepared has greater occlusivity ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes formas farmac\u00e9uticas semis\u00f3lidas con las que se puede preparar una f\u00f3rmula magistral presenta mayor oclusividad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e170515904d9416e875a6894ec7e4262", "input": "To prepare a master formula with a water-soluble active ingredient, a hydrophilic ointment is selected. What basic excipients does a hydrophilic ointment contain ?", "output": [ "Para preparar una f\u00f3rmula magistral con un principio activo hidrosoluble se selecciona una pomada hidr\u00f3fila \u00bfQu\u00e9 excipientes fundamentales contiene una pomada hidr\u00f3fila?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0db34b1e59c84213972e79a16b27e071", "input": "To prepare a gel-like master formula, a gelling polymer is necessary. Which of the following substances presents a pH-dependent gelation ?", "output": [ "Para preparar una f\u00f3rmula magistral tipo gel es necesario un pol\u00edmero gelificante. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes sustancias presenta una gelificaci\u00f3n pH-dependiente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-562a3e7a05d84de2bb9fe198fe03958c", "input": "What are the operations, including packaging and labeling, called to which a product in bulk must be submitted to become a finished product ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denominan las operaciones, incluidas el envasado y etiquetado, a que se debe someter un producto a granel para convertirse en un producto terminado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aabcde18875d4c05b7ed45bef79263fd", "input": "Chlorhexidine is chemically incompatible with", "output": [ "La clorhexidina es qu\u00edmicamente incompatible con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c47a1dbc12546478cefa31213dcec01", "input": "The cyclodextrins used in the formation of inclusion complexes are", "output": [ "Las ciclodextrinas utilizadas en la formaci\u00f3n de complejos de inclusi\u00f3n son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1abcea0769fe49bb8bc543530f25ae96", "input": "What temperature is necessary to reach to eliminate pyrogens by dry heat for a minimum time of 30 minutes ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 temperatura es necesario alcanzar para eliminar pir\u00f3genos por calor seco durante un tiempo m\u00ednimo de 30 minutos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-903dafec63f6422ea72e6e58c35f79e5", "input": "The amount excreted in urine of any substance is equal to", "output": [ "La cantidad excretada en orina de cualquier sustancia es igual a " ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c0c08ef170a4670aecfb51d91dd6e66", "input": "How does muscle contraction begin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se inicia la contracci\u00f3n muscular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2566f53dd15149188721a1d8498115dc", "input": "In the sense of hearing, the signals received by the brain are interpreted in the", "output": [ "En el sentido de la audici\u00f3n, las se\u00f1ales recibidas por el enc\u00e9falo se interpretan en el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4becd5fba820463ab476cbd8b7a52a90", "input": "To which of the following blood groups can a blood donor with an AB and Rh negative blood group donate blood without danger of incompatibility ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA cu\u00e1l de los siguientes grupos sangu\u00edneos puede donar sangre sin peligro de incompatibilidad un donante con un grupo sangu\u00edneo AB y Rh negativo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e5b29b836d31402997ca75bb987943d1", "input": "Which hormone is determinant for the development and maintenance of the function of the corpus luteum during the first days following ovulation in an ovarian cycle without fertilization ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 hormona es determinante para el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la funci\u00f3n del cuerpo l\u00fateo durante los primeros d\u00edas que siguen a la ovulaci\u00f3n en un ciclo ov\u00e1rico sin fecundaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e0c09447a2a448ebaa6907671e0b96a", "input": "What is the direct connection between an artery and a vein called without a capillary network between both vessels ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina la conexi\u00f3n directa entre una arteria y una vena sin que exista una red capilar entre ambos vasos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fad0df6c976542b69923caabb7fa6cb8", "input": "Which of the following relationships between ion concentrations in normal human plasma is correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes relaciones entre las concentraciones de iones en el plasma humano normal es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fe2b0f72be824a9c9e1015db2f8f6bd8", "input": "Which pump is important for the secretion of bile acids at the level of the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 bomba es importante para la secreci\u00f3n de \u00e1cidos biliares a nivel de la membrana canalicular del hepatocito?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b4e2ff7d0e74af09124a8690e36c456", "input": "From what compound and where is the adrenaline produced mostly ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA partir de qu\u00e9 compuesto y d\u00f3nde se produce mayoritariamente la adrenalina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-14104a0f6eaa4bd8b349c47063e6d188", "input": "Where are the endocrine cells that secrete most of human prolactin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfD\u00f3nde se encuentran las c\u00e9lulas endocrinas que secretan la mayor parte de la prolactina humana?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-443d490f3fb94d4fa206015010822caa", "input": "Which of the following vitamin D derivatives is the most active form generated in the kidney ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes derivados de la vitamina D es la forma m\u00e1s activa generada en el ri\u00f1\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b0c191026a54853ad0ae7f04be4a73f", "input": "What are the deformed erythrocytes with spiculated appearance ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denominan los eritrocitos deformados con aspecto espiculado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5719fd4d98d0448d91e372ef6a5b362c", "input": "Which of the following is a type of precursor cell in the genesis of red blood cells ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un tipo de c\u00e9lula precursora en la g\u00e9nesis de los gl\u00f3bulos rojos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cd4e65998e594e62b6e0d3c70e16115c", "input": "Under physiological conditions most of the leukocytes found in the blood are", "output": [ "En condiciones fisiol\u00f3gicas la mayor\u00eda de los leucocitos que se encuentran en la sangre son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d5e04250b8894d77ad707a3069732d67", "input": "Woman of 32 years, blood group 0 Rh negative, in her second month of her second pregnancy. First child group A Rh positive. What study should we perform to rule out positive Rh sensitization ?", "output": [ "Mujer de 32 a\u00f1os, grupo sangu\u00edneo 0 Rh negativo, en su segundo mes de su segundo embarazo. Primer hijo grupo A Rh positivo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 estudio debemos realizar para descartar sensibilizaci\u00f3n al Rh positivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c6f06830114c4e57b84e80e703ce75d6", "input": "Which of these morphological anomalies DOES NOT belong to the red series ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas anomal\u00edas morfol\u00f3gicas NO pertenece a la serie roja?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b94ae6e7236545a8aa06242bfbd0dcb3", "input": "With regard to eosinophils, indicate which is the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Con respecto a los eosin\u00f3filos, indique cu\u00e1l es la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93a59791deae4e6a90d823d7e2a3e33a", "input": "Among the disorders that can cause a hemorrhage is NOT found", "output": [ "Entre los trastornos que pueden ocasionar una hemorragia NO se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e36f3e0a9ba648e6a47d24df07a5a1e7", "input": "Erythropoietin", "output": [ "La eritropoyetina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45c9ed243ec5402b984aa7022e04de92", "input": "Which of the following pathologies has its origin in the arrest of the bile flow that partially or totally prevents the arrival of bile in the duodenum ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes patolog\u00edas tiene su origen en la detenci\u00f3n del flujo biliar que impide parcial o totalmente la llegada de bilis al duodeno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6989f10a8423475fa84c8478010da2e2", "input": "The degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system occurs in the course of", "output": [ "La degeneraci\u00f3n de las neuronas dopamin\u00e9rgicas del sistema nigroestriado se produce en el curso de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-350cfe19a50c4c87b8eeb4ab4fb7582b", "input": "Pneumothorax occurs as a result of the entry of air into", "output": [ "El neumot\u00f3rax se produce como consecuencia de la entrada de aire en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-24b1849e96454ab68447a6edda7b1936", "input": "Which of the following manifestations is NOT characteristic of hypoestrogenism in the postpubertal period ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes manifestaciones NO es caracter\u00edstica del hipoestrogenismo en el periodo pospuberal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b5137a8a7f0d48ac8d32355cdfd7546a", "input": "Osmotic diarrhea occurs as a result of", "output": [ "La diarrea osm\u00f3tica se produce como consecuencia de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f973eb4877b04684b777a0fc9963fdc8", "input": "An individual who suffers an intense anaphylactic reaction has the risk of developing a shock", "output": [ "Un individuo que sufre una intensa reacci\u00f3n anafil\u00e1ctica tiene el riesgo de desarrollar un shock" ] }, { "id": "task1432-705451958f8a4668bf7383687a9a2814", "input": "Which of the following manifestations does NOT appear in the nephrotic syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes manifestaciones NO aparece en el s\u00edndrome nefr\u00f3tico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-422f1f2ded274fb9ab877a77623e4adf", "input": "Which of the following alterations in amino acid metabolism is caused by a deficit of vitamin B12 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes alteraciones del metabolismo de amino\u00e1cidos es ocasionada por un d\u00e9ficit de vitamina B12?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d25591adbf8442a99ffc86a9aa66dbdd", "input": "Which of the activity deficits in the following enzymes of the urea cycle can cause an orotic aciduria, in addition to hyperammonemia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los d\u00e9ficits de actividad en las siguientes enzimas del ciclo de la urea puede provocar una or\u00f3tico aciduria, adem\u00e1s de hiperamonemia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a590b9126c3c4aedade02503674b8f13", "input": "The von Gierke disease, or glycogenosis type I, is due to a mutation of the enzyme glucose-6 phosphatase or the translocase of glucose-6 phosphate. An important clinical manifestation of this pathology is", "output": [ "La enfermedad de von Gierke, o glucogenosis del tipo I, se debe a una mutaci\u00f3n de la enzima glucosa-6 fosfatasa o de la translocasa de glucosa-6 fosfato. Una importante manifestaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica de esta patolog\u00eda es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-06169b4c4cb047ab90a2d9ec384f19dd", "input": "Phenylketonuria occurs as a consequence of the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and severely affects the central nervous system. Its mode of hereditary transmission is the following", "output": [ "La fenilcetonuria se produce como consecuencia del d\u00e9ficit de fenilamina hidroxilasa y repercute gravemente sobre el sistema nervioso central. Su modo de transmisi\u00f3n hereditaria es el siguiente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c49ec54c00674ba7a9fbade889ded367", "input": "Which of the following events occurs when insulin binds to its receptor ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes acontecimientos se produce cuando la insulina se une a su receptor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aa07e162ee7b4fb5925920ca2a27f4e6", "input": "The transport through membrane by facilitated diffusion, uses", "output": [ "El transporte a trav\u00e9s de membrana por difusi\u00f3n facilitada, utiliza" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c981e1ea809b43c79e27e7d527f13a56", "input": "The anthraquinone derivatives exert their laxative effect through the following mechanism", "output": [ "Los derivados antraquin\u00f3nicos ejercen su efecto laxante a trav\u00e9s del siguiente mecanismo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea0a55260a4c45e0b1295d49449cac67", "input": "Proton pump inhibitor drugs", "output": [ "Los f\u00e1rmacos inhibidores de la bomba de protones" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d5b4e97c51da4100ad1b86c4f7601b0e", "input": "A very serious complication produced during general anesthesia with inhalation anesthetics and characterized by a hypermetabolic state of skeletal muscle", "output": [ "Una complicaci\u00f3n muy grave producida durante la anestesia general con los anest\u00e9sicos de inhalaci\u00f3n y que se caracteriza por un estado hipermetab\u00f3lico del m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2a1ffe9bb624a4e8ce8abd5170a114e", "input": "Which of the following side effects is NOT characteristic of opioid drugs ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes efectos adversos NO es caracter\u00edstico de f\u00e1rmacos opioides?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c3c31ca23c8f49dfae13a9ae31c9bc74", "input": "Which of these drugs is a human monoclonal antibody that acts against IL17A, a proinflammatory cytokine, mediator of the inflammatory activity of psoriasis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos f\u00e1rmacos es un anticuerpo monoclonal humano que act\u00faa contra la IL17A, citoquina proinflamatoria, mediadora de la actividad inflamatoria de la psoriasis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-704ca160728945e088211512b189459e", "input": "Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of", "output": [ "Omalizumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado utilizado para el tratamiento de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-922718feaf67476db66d484d2ef88d16", "input": "Which of these antiepileptic drugs is indicated for use in acute manic crises ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos f\u00e1rmacos antiepil\u00e9pticos est\u00e1 indicado para su uso en las crisis agudas de man\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b03baccea90e41b1ab390afb248c8dcc", "input": "Flutamide is indicated in the treatment of", "output": [ "La flutamida est\u00e1 indicada en el tratamiento de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2593012140443b3bef76cf509d5998b", "input": "What is the mechanism of action of infliximab in the treatment of arthritis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de infliximab en el tratamiento de la artritis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-78226e51bc864dcc89b7c96824476fe6", "input": "What is the mechanism of action of rivaroxaban ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de rivaroxab\u00e1n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-38ada7bb94614b49888025ecaf967122", "input": "Prasugrel is used in therapy for its properties", "output": [ "El prasugrel se utiliza en terap\u00e9utica por sus propiedades" ] }, { "id": "task1432-571d73e3433a46ec9f16d92234b5e1e6", "input": "Desmopressin", "output": [ "La desmopresina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-093ecc87994b4d7caa2ed13a263f5dd6", "input": "The zolpidem", "output": [ "El zolpidem" ] }, { "id": "task1432-485a00dc8aa94e5aac149f8a9ea6baeb", "input": "Which of the following responses is characteristic of captopril", "output": [ "Cu\u00e1l de las siguientes respuestas es caracter\u00edstica del captopril" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2b60dc4007b942cb9782d486871e99d2", "input": "The mechanism of action of venlafaxine consists of", "output": [ "El mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de venlafaxina consiste en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da3bf56ca94b40288a51d5a532b9b1c7", "input": "Linezolid is an active antimicrobial against Gram +. Which of these side effects should be monitored while using Linezolid ?", "output": [ "Linezolid es un antimicrobiano activo frente a Gram +. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos efectos secundarios habr\u00eda que monitorizar durante el uso de Linezolid?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ed58c0a5c3b469eb8258cf522fa74a0", "input": "Of the following molecules, what is a stereoselective agonist of the GABAB receptor ?", "output": [ "De las siguientes mol\u00e9culas, \u00bfCu\u00e1l es una agonista estereoselectivo del receptor GABAB?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1586b991c5554683bcbe78e604b3fce3", "input": "Which of these drugs is used as platelet antiaggregant, reversible antagonist of the P2Y12 receptor", "output": [ "Cu\u00e1l de estos f\u00e1rmacos es utilizado como antiagregante plaquetario, antagonista reversible del receptor P2Y12" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8195c85bf1934edbb97aa891b5de3512", "input": "Hypnotics are contraindicated in", "output": [ "Los hipn\u00f3ticos est\u00e1n contraindicados en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-df1567fc37784acf98b37775fa633a72", "input": "Regarding eplerenone in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la eplerenona en el tratamiento de la insuficiente cardiaca" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8fd4d9d49a394df588e39795ad75c0b6", "input": "Which of the aforementioned antineoplastic drugs targets human epidermal growth factor (HER-2) in the treatment of breast cancer ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los antineopl\u00e1sicos rese\u00f1ados tiene como diana el factor de crecimiento epid\u00e9rmico humano (HER-2) en el tratamiento de c\u00e1ncer de mama?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-690e7ae27fbf4db4a4cb68c514091847", "input": "Which drug reduces intraocular pressure in glaucoma by blocking \u03b2 adrenergic receptors ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco reduce la presi\u00f3n intraocular en el glaucoma por bloqueo de receptores \u03b2adren\u00e9rgicos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4408455acce04036bbbaf6b84705c9fb", "input": "Which of the following combinations of drugs can precipitate the appearance of a serotonin syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes combinaciones de f\u00e1rmacos puede precipitar la aparici\u00f3n de un s\u00edndrome serotonin\u00e9rgico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-646e5744c7594f8183956841f53b5c7a", "input": "Which of the following drugs can produce neuroleptic malignant syndrome as an adverse effect ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos puede producir s\u00edndrome neurol\u00e9ptico maligno como efecto adverso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fedf7e25786343038e3313a2504600d4", "input": "Which of the following drugs is of choice for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos es de elecci\u00f3n para el tratamiento de la hipertensi\u00f3n arterial durante el embarazo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0abc5748243645ad965ae7a7db5c7818", "input": "The treatment of hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy are the two main indications of", "output": [ "El tratamiento de la hipertensi\u00f3n y de la hipertrofia prost\u00e1tica constituyen las dos principales indicaciones de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4501606391f84e48927cad3a089421f9", "input": "Among the properties attributed to the Allium sativum bulb we can mention", "output": [ "Entre las propiedades atribuidas al bulbo de Allium sativum podemos mencionar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-72dde3b3e627476fb61d053ca1b2c006", "input": "With respect to the pharmacological activity of artemisinin (sesquiterpene lactone) extracted from Artemisa annua", "output": [ "Con respecto a la actividad farmacol\u00f3gica de la artemisinina (lactona sesquiterp\u00e9nica) extra\u00edda de la Artemisa annua" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a6477ab78fc943cf8d1f391348cc6648", "input": "With respect to stevioside, we can affirm that it is", "output": [ "Con respecto al esteviosido, podemos afirmar que es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e14781cf1deb4342ac3e3044c1fc4206", "input": "Vinblastine and vincristine are indolmonoterpenic alkaloids", "output": [ "La vinblastina y la vincristina son alcaloides indolmonoterp\u00e9nicos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f365b1da6edf4eeca6f59921aaf9de4d", "input": "The acronym LADME refers to the main biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic processes. Which process does NOT correspond to any of the acronym LADME ?", "output": [ "El acr\u00f3nimo LADME se refiere a los principales procesos biofarmac\u00e9uticos y farmacocin\u00e9ticos. \u00bfQu\u00e9 proceso NO corresponde con ninguna de las siglas acr\u00f3nimo LADME?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93b517a1ea7f4ad099c6e1bff6b0c7f4", "input": "What is the best indicator of a patient's renal function to adjust the doses of renal elimination drugs ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mejor indicador de la funci\u00f3n renal de un paciente, para ajustar las dosis de los medicamentos de eliminaci\u00f3n renal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35b7a81f7f2e42c6a2e0ce606dc93357", "input": "Regarding the protein binding of drugs at the plasma or tissue level, it is true that", "output": [ "Respecto a la fijaci\u00f3n proteica de los f\u00e1rmacos a nivel plasm\u00e1tico o tisular, es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2eb13ba7a71c4bda926ef2c1c566f248", "input": "Which of the following factors does NOT modify the absorption ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores NO modifica la absorci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f365556ecbda44e68bd3a4dcd1051166", "input": "In which pharmacokinetic parameter is the frequency of administration based ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 par\u00e1metro farmacocin\u00e9tico se basa la frecuencia de administraci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-884ba322b8714a1d8b9b820a15e49eef", "input": "Which drug requires a dose reduction in a patient with severe renal insufficiency ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco requiere una disminuci\u00f3n de la dosis de un paciente con insuficiencia renal grave?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b32dc12d047b46dc9703505444194db2", "input": "Which of the following drugs has an important hepatic first pass effect (more than 40%) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos tiene un efecto de primer paso hep\u00e1tico importante (m\u00e1s del 40%)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-734a444331b248d0b636d634873ccecb", "input": "If a drug has zero-order elimination kinetics, what formula would have the graph that describes the evolution of elimination (concentrations versus time), on an untransformed scale ?", "output": [ "Si un f\u00e1rmaco presenta cin\u00e9tica de eliminaci\u00f3n de orden CERO, \u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00f3rmula tendr\u00eda la gr\u00e1fica que describe la evoluci\u00f3n de la eliminaci\u00f3n (concentraciones versus tiempo), en una escala sin transformar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3d6aa87845142caba465f76c4d56248", "input": "In a monocompartmental model, the shock dose or intravenous load to reach equilibrium from the first moment, for a drug that follows linear kinetics and is administered by intravenous infusion at constant speed, can be calculated by", "output": [ "En un modelo monocompartimental, la dosis de choque o carga intravenosa para alcanzar el equilibrio desde el primer instante, para un f\u00e1rmaco que sigue cin\u00e9tica lineal y se administra por perfusi\u00f3n intravenosa a velocidad constante, se puede calcular mediante" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0174ec09a1343d4a40ccf4a01d3605d", "input": "In a two compartment distribution model, what do the following volumes represent volume of distribution in stationary equilibrium state, extrapolated volume and beta volume or area volume ?", "output": [ "En un modelo de distribuci\u00f3n de dos compartimentos, \u00bfqu\u00e9 representan los siguientes vol\u00famenes volumen de distribuci\u00f3n en estado de equilibrio estacionario, volumen extrapolado y volumen beta o volumen \u00e1rea?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c3dc9cda73b54b5d921ebc95045b216a", "input": "Several drugs bind to the binding site of albumin II. What drug is used as a marker for this binding site ?", "output": [ "Al sitio II de uni\u00f3n de la alb\u00famina se unen distintos f\u00e1rmacos. \u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco se utiliza como marcador de este sitio de uni\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0385c6d04e644d5d83e88f9372531659", "input": "Why is it that the kinetics of elimination of most drugs are pseudo-linear or first order ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 se debe que la cin\u00e9tica de eliminaci\u00f3n de la mayor parte de los f\u00e1rmacos sea pseudolineal o de primer orden?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f2e4b6150aee430a9baf159c2afc483d", "input": "What substance is used as a biomarker of total body water ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 sustancia se utiliza como biomarcador del agua corporal total?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-18ffbf44536144348a0e2e5817375cc6", "input": "Renal failure increases the free fraction of some drugs such as phenytoin and this has the following consequences", "output": [ "La insuficiencia renal aumenta la fracci\u00f3n libre de algunos f\u00e1rmacos como la fenito\u00edna y ello tiene como consecuencia" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b4101e116f1b481ebf70b07d6da9c1d0", "input": "The retinoic acid intervenes in", "output": [ "El \u00e1cido retinoico interviene en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a65099c1da584199a5bd193835bf844e", "input": "The following proteins contain iron, but only one is heme. Indicate which", "output": [ "Las siguientes prote\u00ednas contienen hierro, pero solo una es hem\u00ednica. Indicar cu\u00e1l" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c339fda045448ce90f3c3d456814885", "input": "Which of the following biochemical actions is performed by insulin", "output": [ "Cu\u00e1l de las siguientes acciones bioqu\u00edmicas es realizada por la insulina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ded0fd046cba46038d9843772f22be05", "input": "The waxes are characterized by", "output": [ "Las ceras se caracterizan por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c4847838fde43c785e21a4c94bd855b", "input": "Keratin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronate are", "output": [ "El querat\u00e1n sulfato, el dermat\u00e1n sulfato, el condroit\u00edn sulfato y el hialuronato son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4a3f9ece334b4ed3ba31b86dbdaa8fd7", "input": "An increase in the concentration of acetyl-CoA derived from beta-oxidation promotes", "output": [ "Un aumento de la concentraci\u00f3n de acetil-CoA derivado de la beta-oxidaci\u00f3n promueve" ] }, { "id": "task1432-358cd25953c24feabf7e63aea5d2d19d", "input": "Xanthine oxidase is involved in", "output": [ "La xantina oxidasa est\u00e1 implicada en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-053e3f58374047dbab5a4dab775ea893", "input": "One of the following reactions corresponds to phase II of the metabolism of xenobiotics", "output": [ "Una de las siguientes reacciones corresponde a la fase II de la metabolizaci\u00f3n de xenobi\u00f3ticos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0a9d4d0c0a34ca1902c00f757cadeaf", "input": "Dolicholes are lipids that transport", "output": [ "Los dolicoles son l\u00edpidos que transportan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aad5fc663c07434494e33fff6620eb40", "input": "Sialic acid is found in", "output": [ "El \u00e1cido si\u00e1lico se encuentra en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b33a6a0456234d7fbf6e18eba95080f3", "input": "Blood groups are determined by", "output": [ "Los grupos sangu\u00edneos vienen determinados por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-703604564efc4ddab55d325904a38fdf", "input": "The plasmalogens are", "output": [ "Los plasmal\u00f3genos son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e4f407b4ce734fd68eed0cca19038bf2", "input": "Phosphatidic acid is a precursor of", "output": [ "El \u00e1cido fosfat\u00eddico es precursor de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-922dfdeb9cf6460894de1385120dbfb6", "input": "Among the metabolic alterations produced by the excessive ingestion of alcohol, figure", "output": [ "Entre las alteraciones metab\u00f3licas producidas por la ingesti\u00f3n excesiva de alcohol, figura" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7fe8462bb84e4a14890cd8df9b85954c", "input": "The effect of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) on lipid metabolism is", "output": [ "El efecto de la prote\u00edna quinasa dependiente de AMP (AMPK) sobre el metabolismo lip\u00eddico, es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f4f69072083249c7bc4e3b4e5b2af504", "input": "Lactate, alanine and glycerol have in common", "output": [ "El lactato, la alanina y el glicerol tienen en com\u00fan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c1bce711291949428cc85ce466389f66", "input": "In glycolysis, which of the following enzymes catalyzes a reaction associated with the cytosolic synthesis of ATP", "output": [ "En la glucolisis, cu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas cataliza una reacci\u00f3n asociada a la s\u00edntesis citos\u00f3lica de ATP" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ceff8d6fb734bb0b7c949ac63ffae71", "input": "The effect of a drug that acts as a competitive inhibitor in an enzymatic reaction", "output": [ "El efecto de un f\u00e1rmaco que act\u00fae como inhibidor competitivo en una reacci\u00f3n enzim\u00e1tica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b124ccac07534321b992b08ec35db762", "input": "Which statement is CERTAIN in relation to the synthesis of proteins ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es CIERTA en relaci\u00f3n a la s\u00edntesis de prote\u00ednas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f4281521b59b4b3f9e18ceac7a75f7e1", "input": "In relation to the restriction enzymes", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a las enzimas de restricci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5006ff8af4d2418abaa94d31510137fa", "input": "In relation to the genetic polymorphism", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el polimorfismo gen\u00e9tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-badb6d2d5c424693a43bab16cebf0151", "input": "Semiconservative replication is a process in which", "output": [ "La replicaci\u00f3n semiconservativa es un proceso en el que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2afa1728f954418ea921ed0eaa26c9b3", "input": "In obtaining cDNA from mRNA, what enzyme is involved ?", "output": [ "En la obtenci\u00f3n de cDNA a partir de mRNA, \u00bfQu\u00e9 enzima est\u00e1 implicada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-85ac451cc3f64d79add255d03889ece2", "input": "Which statement is CERTAIN in relation to RNA molecules?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es CIERTA en relaci\u00f3n a las mol\u00e9culas de RNA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e4067dccff249d5943e5fe9edd2c09a", "input": "What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa que el c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico es degenerado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b90aa22e304342009832992d3f6b304f", "input": "In a prolonged fasting situation, indicate the FALSE answer", "output": [ "En una situaci\u00f3n de ayuno prolongado, indique la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1fbf22240e144867af53c58487d6ed0f", "input": "Indicate which of these pathologies has predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de estas patolog\u00edas cursa con hiperbilirrubinemia predominantemente no conjugada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8041d0d73f4486aabed186801fd3e25", "input": "With regard to lactate dehydrogenase", "output": [ "Con respecto a la lactato deshidrogenasa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86330f907c564e9ba8ea3c009504dd69", "input": "In relation to lipoproteins", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a las lipoprote\u00ednas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4a68c2ea51d4930a633ee3a0970fac6", "input": "If a newborn presents hyperammonemia and a marked accumulation of citrulline in blood and urine, we will say that it has an enzymatic deficiency in", "output": [ "Si un reci\u00e9n nacido presenta hiperamonemia y una marcada acumulaci\u00f3n de citrulina en sangre y orina diremos que tiene una deficiencia enzim\u00e1tica en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1760bbef37bb4f38976df60db7e6e038", "input": "The alcaptonuria is a genetic disease caused by the deficit of an enzyme", "output": [ "La alcaptonuria es una enfermedad gen\u00e9tica causada por el d\u00e9ficit de un enzima" ] }, { "id": "task1432-66511951e86a4126a5b5192ab7fae1f9", "input": "Type II diabetes mellitus", "output": [ "La diabetes mellitus tipo II" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8eb8bb8904604b6a8d5ca258f009d544", "input": "In relation to amino acids, indicate the FALSE response", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a los amino\u00e1cidos indique la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ecd69858e0fc4658ac7a719a211f33b9", "input": "When validating an analytical method, which of the following quality characteristics is related to its ability not to be affected by small deliberate changes of operational parameters ?", "output": [ "Cuando se realiza la validaci\u00f3n de un m\u00e9todo anal\u00edtico, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas de calidad se relaciona con su capacidad de no verse afectado por peque\u00f1os cambios deliberados de par\u00e1metros operativos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f913646017904cdaa64a984cf267d0e2", "input": "In an argentometric evaluation of Cl- by regression, by means of the Volhard method", "output": [ "En una valoraci\u00f3n argentom\u00e9trica de Cl- por retroceso, mediante el m\u00e9todo de Volhard" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76c15f221b2744bf9b76e70267703918", "input": "The quantification of the nickel (Ni2 +) content in a sample can be carried out by gravimetric analysis, through the formation of an insoluble complex in slightly alkaline medium with a precipitating reagent. Would you know which one?", "output": [ "La cuantificaci\u00f3n del contenido en n\u00edquel (Ni2+) en una muestra puede llevarse a cabo mediante an\u00e1lisis gravim\u00e9trico, a trav\u00e9s de la formaci\u00f3n de un complejo insoluble en medio ligeramente alcalino con un reactivo precipitante. \u00bfSabr\u00eda indicar con cu\u00e1l?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6e6bd7299c494557af9ee4d990d4c47c", "input": "What is the pH of a 1 nM (nanomolar) solution of HCl in water ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el pH de una disoluci\u00f3n 1 nM (nanomolar) de HCl en agua?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1ec56bc18fb8414bb2b75dffd6a2d0eb", "input": "Which of the following indicators would you use in an acid-base titration, considering a pH transition interval of 4 to 6 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes indicadores utilizar\u00eda en una valoraci\u00f3n \u00e1cido-base, considerando un intervalo de transici\u00f3n de pH de 4 a 6?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5de750b7f2794fd4b8b883c498da087a", "input": "Eriochrome black T is an indicator that is commonly used in Analytical Chemistry, in assessments", "output": [ "El negro de eriocromo T es un indicador que se utiliza habitualmente en Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, en las valoraciones" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f4a40ad8eed4c62aec67e0f834c604d", "input": "How will the pH be at the equivalence point for the evaluation of a weak acid ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo ser\u00e1 el pH en el punto de equivalencia para la valoraci\u00f3n de un \u00e1cido d\u00e9bil?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-48505000af8f47cda7b344123d91d957", "input": "A process in which a part of the scattered radiation has the original frequency and a small part appears at other frequencies, is the basis", "output": [ "Un proceso en el que una parte de la radiaci\u00f3n dispersada presenta la frecuencia original y una peque\u00f1a parte aparece a otras frecuencias, constituye la base" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6e4398a67ddf4ff8a5498204f32794be", "input": "In a separation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with elution with gradients", "output": [ "En una separaci\u00f3n por cromatograf\u00eda de l\u00edquidos de alta resoluci\u00f3n (HPLC) con eluci\u00f3n con gradientes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-809f41d2d69a477c9fbc45c6c94d2a9b", "input": "In atomic spectrometry, the widening of the spectral lines due to the thermal agitation of the atoms present in the atomizer is due to", "output": [ "En la espectrometr\u00eda at\u00f3mica, el ensanchamiento de las l\u00edneas espectrales debido a la agitaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica de los \u00e1tomos presentes en el atomizador se debe a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1db4cf022992448bb5f66ee3861de62d", "input": "The emission spectroscopy based on plasma atomization differs from that based on flame atomization in that", "output": [ "La espectroscopia de emisi\u00f3n basada en la atomizaci\u00f3n con plasma se diferencia de la basada en la atomizaci\u00f3n con llama en que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5eb2bf427f2a455d919521383b35cca8", "input": "In which component of the mass spectrometer does separation of the ions take place according to their mass / charge ratio ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 componente del espectr\u00f3metro de masas tiene lugar la separaci\u00f3n de los iones seg\u00fan su relaci\u00f3n masa/carga?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b359f4db402e4977ae7ba2909a445029", "input": "Ultraviolet - visible molecular absorption spectrometry involves the study of", "output": [ "La espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n molecular en el ultravioleta \u2013 visible implica el estudio de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86990a2f11ad4974a582c03afa495d56", "input": "The equation that relates the height of the theoretical plate of a chromatographic column with the velocity of the mobile phase is the equation of", "output": [ "La ecuaci\u00f3n que relaciona la altura del plato te\u00f3rico de una columna cromatogr\u00e1fica con la velocidad de la fase m\u00f3vil es la ecuaci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e39c1c47c5dd4034aea0c74b50dbd830", "input": "The spectra obtained in infrared spectroscopy are characterized by", "output": [ "Los espectros obtenidos en la espectroscopia infrarroja se caracterizan porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1e1739bfa99f478f899ad1e78417a2de", "input": "Of the following detectors, which is used in gas chromatography ?", "output": [ "De los siguientes detectores, \u00bfcu\u00e1l se utiliza en cromatograf\u00eda de gases?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a21f92698aa447c2a51f38a546e92ec2", "input": "The diffusion coefficient, D, for a spherical particle", "output": [ "El coeficiente de difusi\u00f3n, D, para una part\u00edcula esf\u00e9rica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-901ea200494c475cb59ae6ca7b9094a2", "input": "When any process takes place in an isolated system", "output": [ "Cuando cualquier proceso tiene lugar en un sistema aislado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4a05714eb1304906a60305ecf2ea8e11", "input": "According to the equation that describes the effect of the ionic force of the medium on the speed of a reaction of a drug with positive charge", "output": [ "De acuerdo con la ecuaci\u00f3n que describe el efecto de la fuerza i\u00f3nica del medio sobre la velocidad de una reacci\u00f3n de un f\u00e1rmaco con carga positiva" ] }, { "id": "task1432-77b8197129264b6bafdec0c1bafcb994", "input": "If a solution is prepared with an osmotic pressure higher than that of the blood", "output": [ "Si se prepara una disoluci\u00f3n con una presi\u00f3n osm\u00f3tica superior a la de la sangre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a18769d0471a4b13b4f130d917da0169", "input": "In aqueous solutions, the amphiphilic molecules form micelles above the micellar critical concentration and the Kraft temperature. This spontaneous process is due to", "output": [ "En disoluciones acuosas, las mol\u00e9culas anfif\u00edlicas forman micelas por encima de la concentraci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica micelar y de la temperatura de Kraft. Este proceso espont\u00e1neo se debe a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3e75dd9994b64cb08b24165b1d7abc6d", "input": "Which of the following characteristics is common to bisphenol A, phthalates and DTT ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas es com\u00fan a bisfenol A, ftalatos y DTT?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7153964d1f9e4691ba1696ed6e0f98c9", "input": "What is the substance that causes pulmonary fibrosis by inhalation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la sustancia que produce fibrosis pulmonar por inhalaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f9148fe3324b4398ad9c51c39f8de74c", "input": "What is the substance that produces seizures by blocking glycine receptors ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la sustancia que produce convulsiones mediante el bloqueo de receptores de glicina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-480009082d9144909e35df310354c5f9", "input": "What is the mechanism of action of tetrodotoxin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de la tetrodotoxina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8af26de6dacf4c35ae0d27f95cc3a6c9", "input": "After an ingestion of cadmium, which of the following organs will be most affected ?", "output": [ "Tras una ingesti\u00f3n de cadmio, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes \u00f3rganos se ver\u00e1 m\u00e1s afectado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ee0bca690c864a4696b8de8c510a86de", "input": "The pesticide paration is biotransformed to paraoxon, responsible for its toxicity, by a reaction of", "output": [ "El pesticida paration se biotransforma a paraox\u00f3n, responsable de su toxicidad, mediante una reacci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0415b4ac8f6342678d4baa8a8a19096f", "input": "In which of the following reactions do glutathione transferases intervene ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 reacci\u00f3n de las siguientes intervienen las glutati\u00f3n transferasas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eef65e6c5f924a66a3e687d36fb24e13", "input": "Flumazenil is used in the treatment of intoxication with", "output": [ "Se utiliza el flumazenil en el tratamiento de intoxicaci\u00f3n con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1151ad91e788458f9f2b8f5a983501d1", "input": "The Diels-Alder reaction involves as reactants", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n de Diels-Alder implica como reactivos a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9fe970a5eec446b29797461ac28eff3c", "input": "What is meant by racemic or racemate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 se entiende por rac\u00e9mico o racemato?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ec5603713e994034b43c7db080858d73", "input": "The electrophilic nitration reaction of phenol (hydroxybenzene) leads to", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n de nitraci\u00f3n electr\u00f3fila del fenol (hidroxibenceno) conduce a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b4efb2e22ce4f35bbde8b2f61acd6ef", "input": "A Grignard reagent reacts with a nitrile to generate, after acid hydrolysis", "output": [ "Un reactivo de Grignard reacciona con un nitrilo para generar, despu\u00e9s de la hidr\u00f3lisis \u00e1cida" ] }, { "id": "task1432-04400ce3659a469b8582cdf28b7701a7", "input": "It is known by the name of reaction ald\u00f3lica the reaction of", "output": [ "Se conoce con el nombre de reacci\u00f3n ald\u00f3lica la reacci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-83fd457f354741df971377130a8772d6", "input": "The Rydberg constant allows calculation", "output": [ "La constante de Rydberg permite calcular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1413c409091b4f52b35aad4aad9e7751", "input": "For the same main quantum number the penetration power of the orbitals", "output": [ "Para un mismo n\u00famero cu\u00e1ntico principal el poder de penetraci\u00f3n de los orbitales" ] }, { "id": "task1432-60644838f6914130a722db749d22edd5", "input": "In halogens, the highest value of electronic affinity is found in", "output": [ "En los hal\u00f3genos el valor m\u00e1s alto de afinidad electr\u00f3nica se encuentra en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ca6ac808c4b14ba3a0f37cf022b93933", "input": "The viscosity of the liquids depends on the strength", "output": [ "La viscosidad de los l\u00edquidos depende de la fortaleza" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b4ff0bc20cd4c838dd7c74ac53b11d0", "input": "Which of the following simple links is stronger ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes enlaces sencillos es m\u00e1s fuerte?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8d482b8ec963403b8af54d56a14bb3d9", "input": "The Arrhenius equation relates the rate constant of a reaction to", "output": [ "La ecuaci\u00f3n de Arrhenius relaciona la constante de velocidad de una reacci\u00f3n con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c626135c2cb40ca81190eb5f1213449", "input": "The nitric oxide molecule is an exception to the Lewis octet rule because", "output": [ "La mol\u00e9cula de \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico es una excepci\u00f3n a la regla del octeto de Lewis porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eddb6d9c0e7a46afa3074ae1977985df", "input": "The portal triads of the liver lobules are formed by", "output": [ "Las triadas portales de los lobulillos hep\u00e1ticos est\u00e1n formadas por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76ff643df0184abb95e51913dc060715", "input": "The hip joint is a joint of type", "output": [ "La articulaci\u00f3n de la cadera es una articulaci\u00f3n de tipo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-773653c69d1844149012d2c3d5330b3f", "input": "The muscle that has its origin (proximal insertion) in the sternum and clavicle and its distal insertion in the mastoid process of the temporal is called", "output": [ "El m\u00fasculo que tiene su origen (inserci\u00f3n proximal) en estern\u00f3n y clav\u00edcula y su inserci\u00f3n distal en la ap\u00f3fisis mastoidea del temporal recibe el nombre de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8d3fc66fb9a5496fb70fb161532a6714", "input": "The middle region of the brainstem between the bulb and the mesencephalon is known as", "output": [ "La regi\u00f3n intermedia del tronco del enc\u00e9falo entre el bulbo y el mesenc\u00e9falo se conoce con el nombre de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0aa8f7c229ab45d7a7bc980be48cfefe", "input": "Which of the following vessels comes from the celiac trunk ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes vasos procede del tronco cel\u00edaco?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-183beb09257b42d6975190d8204be5cf", "input": "Which bone of our body protects the pituitary gland ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 hueso de nuestro cuerpo protege la hip\u00f3fisis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e4b516f443e7438abfdc443a4d8c6f00", "input": "After the evaluation of a diagnostic test, it is verified that it has no false positive result. What can be concluded from this study ?", "output": [ "Tras la evaluaci\u00f3n de una prueba diagn\u00f3stica se comprueba que \u00e9sta no tiene ning\u00fan resultado falso positivo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 se puede concluir de este estudio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1c9ab7928eda42a5b8bc9ab2d99ed365", "input": "What kind of ratio is the quotient between the probability of occurrence of an event and the probability of non-occurrence of said event ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de raz\u00f3n es el cociente entre la probabilidad de ocurrencia de un suceso y la probabilidad de no ocurrencia de dicho suceso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fa33e788654e4bbe87a8a78be3f50441", "input": "In which of the following cases is a type II error committed in a hypothesis test ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de los siguientes casos se comete un error tipo II en una prueba de hip\u00f3tesis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2830f3939eb84c4dace3a5056b7d967d", "input": "The increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been linked to infection with Streptococcus gallolyticus. What type of study would you design to demonstrate a causal relationship ?", "output": [ "El incremento del riesgo de padecer un c\u00e1ncer colorrectal se ha relacionado con la infecci\u00f3n por Streptococcus gallolyticus. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de estudio dise\u00f1ar\u00eda para demostrar una relaci\u00f3n causal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5599ca83eafa4810b4e067e13962616d", "input": "The acquisition of a foreign medicine is regulated in", "output": [ "La adquisici\u00f3n de un medicamento extranjero est\u00e1 regulada en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a679975debaa4bc1a4948577455f98ab", "input": "The management of purchases of Health Products in the hospital is the responsibility of", "output": [ "La gesti\u00f3n de las compras de los Productos Sanitarios en el hospital es responsabilidad de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-49583bd6ebad4a5e816ce27e47ff4893", "input": "Which of the following is one of the criteria for the inclusion of drugs in the selective financing of the National Health System ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es uno de los criterios para la inclusi\u00f3n de medicamentos en la financiaci\u00f3n selectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-486b15d82697417f8df6e7d1fe2059c7", "input": "The marketing authorization for orphan drugs is reserved for", "output": [ "El permiso de comercializaci\u00f3n de medicamentos declarados hu\u00e9rfanos est\u00e1 reservado a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6427c63c018a48479d97dcf53acae9d7", "input": "The supplementary drug protection certificate is extended, within the protection granted to the base patent, when", "output": [ "El certificado complementario de protecci\u00f3n de los medicamentos se extiende, dentro de la protecci\u00f3n conferida a la patente base, cuando" ] }, { "id": "task1432-264ab6f3d0d940bcb9033850f7603314", "input": "In general, and in accordance with the state legislation on pharmacy offices, the minimum population module for opening is", "output": [ "Con car\u00e1cter general, y de acuerdo con la legislaci\u00f3n estatal sobre oficinas de farmacia, el m\u00f3dulo de poblaci\u00f3n m\u00ednimo para su apertura es de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f69519631bf74b8f99bd93e0063e203d", "input": "In accordance with the norms established in our constitutional order, external health matters correspond to", "output": [ "De acuerdo con las normas establecidas en nuestro ordenamiento constitucional, las materias de sanidad exterior corresponden a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a47706d3b8004fc18642cc5d3dc1cba4", "input": "Hyperacute rejection of a transplant is caused by", "output": [ "El rechazo hiperagudo de un trasplante es causado por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e545801cb0c454e91e43801cf02a625", "input": "What is the purpose of the Cross-Match test or cross-test in solid organ transplantation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirve el test de Cross-Match o prueba cruzada en el trasplante de \u00f3rgano s\u00f3lido?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-54f5346171ad44398d5cb06f46981c70", "input": "In the maturation of B lymphocytes we can distinguish two phases", "output": [ "En la maduraci\u00f3n de los linfocitos B podemos distinguir dos fases" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e2cb538196dc431697695d61760bad03", "input": "One of the first innate responses to infection is", "output": [ "Una de las primeras respuestas innatas frente a la infecci\u00f3n es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f40d0d2a4a2349cb9cf50bf7ae37ca33", "input": "Graft versus host disease begins when", "output": [ "La enfermedad de injerto contra hu\u00e9sped se inicia cuando" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ab3a887a7b64439a934257842db4e65", "input": "The adaptive response to intracellular bacteria mediated by CD4 + T cells", "output": [ "La respuesta adaptativa a bacterias intracelulares mediada por c\u00e9lulas T CD4+" ] }, { "id": "task1432-41542b5fe2fb4fa7bb672a625d4dd2ff", "input": "The macrophages activated during an infection have the following functions phagocytose microbes and kill them, secrete inflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL-1) to promote local inflammation when the infection is controlled, and", "output": [ "Los macr\u00f3fagos activados durante una infecci\u00f3n tienen como funciones Fagocitar microbios y matarlos, secretar citocinas inflamatorias (TNF e IL-1) para fomentar la inflamaci\u00f3n local cuando la infecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 controlada, y" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6860a378ee1347d3a7703ce5186188c7", "input": "What phenotype would you expect in an individual in whom an immunodeficiency caused by a mutation homozygous for the CD3\u03b5 chain that prevents the expression of this molecular complex has been described ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 fenotipo esperar\u00edas en un individuo en el que se ha descrito una inmunodeficiencia causada por una mutaci\u00f3n homocig\u00f3tica para la cadena CD3\u03b5 que impide la expresi\u00f3n de este complejo molecular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bc3f62ffd8d3411584497c866c8920c9", "input": "Which of these immunoglobulins is important in type I hypersensitivity reactions ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas inmunoglobulinas es importante en las reacciones de hipersensibilidad de tipo I?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c012a5b7f609456bafe29ba1289c598a", "input": "In which of these drugs with antiviral activity does an open structure of acyclonucleoside appear ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de estos f\u00e1rmacos con actividad antiviral aparece una estructura abierta de aciclonucl\u00e9osido?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-70296c36b6bd4df99f87aace34cb8cdb", "input": "In the laboratory diagnosis of legionellosis, which of the following statements is true?", "output": [ "En el diagn\u00f3stico de laboratorio de la legionelosis \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65b55f39c0d8457ebff7b0f0f5fbbb49", "input": "The medicine that has gone through all the preparation phases, including its packaging in the final package, is called", "output": [ "El medicamento que ha pasado por todas las fases de preparaci\u00f3n, incluyendo su acondicionamiento en el envase final, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c36b1f3718b8462c90621ae189f1df64", "input": "The glomerulosa zone (outer layer) of the secretory adrenal cortex", "output": [ "La zona glomerulosa (capa externa) de la corteza suprarrenal secreta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c66b212ee65c48a2aa944d8bb17f28b5", "input": "The fondaparinux is", "output": [ "El fondaparinux es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-726d332d0cdb45ed868bd7da4a548c41", "input": "In the transport of electrons through the respiratory chain", "output": [ "En el transporte de electrones a trav\u00e9s de la cadena respiratoria" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dce008f9f2ef4714975a115d5a4d1c5c", "input": "In which type of assessment is murexide used as indicator ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 tipo de valoraci\u00f3n se utiliza la murexida como indicador?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5209874e3e394f6597d1822fa93073dd", "input": "When determining the fluorescence of a compound in solution, it must be taken into account that", "output": [ "En las determinaciones de la fluorescencia de un compuesto en disoluci\u00f3n hay que tener en cuenta que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1f48d983fdc84d42be6aa194418cdd64", "input": "Selective immunosuppression by the administration of drugs such as cyclosporin A is frequently used in post-transplant treatment with the aim of", "output": [ "La inmunosupresi\u00f3n selectiva por la administraci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos como la ciclosporina A, se utiliza frecuentemente en el tratamiento post- trasplantes con el objetivo de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a20532ec42c24017a303f9d8887324ae", "input": "Question linked to image # 1 Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba1 \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA respecto a la estructura anat\u00f3mica se\u00f1alada con la flecha azul en la imagen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69bc088ae9914bdbaec736c6c554685a", "input": "Question linked to image # 2 Where is the basilar artery located?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba2 \u00bfD\u00f3nde se localiza la arteria basilar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ac5c91fe66ab4c3ba347444e9ba3e5b9", "input": "Question linked to image No. 3 Which of the following corresponds to the superior mesenteric artery?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba3 \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes corresponde a la arteria mesent\u00e9rica superior?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a726447aba354a64bfbd863d19695339", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba4 73-year-old man with hemoptysis. The radiological study shows lung opacity that is biopsied. The histopathological diagnosis of the microscopic image of the biopsy is", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba4 Hombre de 73 a\u00f1os con hemoptisis. El estudio radiol\u00f3gico muestra opacidad pulmonar que se biopsia. El diagn\u00f3stico histopatol\u00f3gico de la imagen microsc\u00f3pica de la biopsia es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8914f775b6e6437a98b540370ece5261", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba5 A 25-year-old woman with palpable and painless adenopathy in the supraclavicular region. The patient reports that she has had febrile periods. A biopsy of the adenopathy is performed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The anatomopathological report indicates that the lesion shows a component of large cells that express CD15 and CD30, but not CD45, on a background of an inflammatory nature. Is your diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba5 Mujer de 25 a\u00f1os que presenta una adenopat\u00eda palpable e indolora en regi\u00f3n supraclavicular. La enferma refiere que ha tenido periodos febriles. Se le practica biopsia de la adenopat\u00eda que se ti\u00f1e con hematoxilina-eosina. En el informe anatomopatol\u00f3gico se indica que la lesi\u00f3n muestra un componente de c\u00e9lulas grandes que expresan CD15 y CD30, pero no CD45, sobre un fondo de car\u00e1cter inflamatorio. \u00bfSu diagn\u00f3stico es?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93a64edc48624b628fdead088cd73df3", "input": "Question linked to image # 6 With the following ECG and knowing that it corresponds to a patient of 78 years with a history of extensive anterior infarction and residual moderate ventricular dysfunction, what would be your first diagnostic suspicion?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba6 Ante el siguiente ECG y sabiendo que corresponde a un paciente de 78 a\u00f1os con antecedentes de infarto anterior extenso y disfunci\u00f3n ventricular moderada residual, \u00bfcu\u00e1l ser\u00eda su primera sospecha diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9b015b2f039d494d84e40801aee9caf7", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba7 Female, 39 years old, pregnant woman of 34 weeks with delivery in progress who after placing an epidural catheter for analgesia referred dizziness, blood pressure was taken 104/57 mmHg and heart rate 45 bpm, so it was administered 9 mg of ephedrine iv After which, he begins to notice palpitations and oppression at the base of the neck. ECG is shown (see image), which of the following pathophysiological processes has been able to contribute to the development of the picture presented by this patient?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba7 Mujer de 39 a\u00f1os de edad, gestante de 34 semanas con parto en curso que tras colocaci\u00f3n de cat\u00e9ter epidural para analgesia refiere mareo, se toma presi\u00f3n arterial 104/57 mmHg y frecuencia card\u00edaca 45 lpm por lo que se administra 9 mg de efedrina i.v. tras lo cual, comienza a notar palpitaciones y opresi\u00f3n en la base del cuello. Se realiza ECG que se muestra (ver imagen), \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes procesos fisiopatol\u00f3gicos ha podido contribuir al desarrollo del cuadro que presenta esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c3ebd5accbb4d80a3669eb9c8410733", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba9 50-year-old man, diabetic and overweight. He went to the Emergency Department for retrosternal pain and in the jaw, lasting 3 hours, while he slept. When I arrived at the Emergency Room I had this electrocardiogram. Which is the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba9 Hombre de 50 a\u00f1os de edad, diab\u00e9tico y con sobrepeso. Acude a Urgencias por dolor retroesternal y en la mand\u00edbula, de 3 horas de duraci\u00f3n, mientras dorm\u00eda. Al llegar a Urgencias ten\u00eda este electrocardiograma. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-49f64db1cd59477a97cdf001c4432827", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba10 A 80-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia and cervical osteoarthritis treated with enalapril / hydrochlorothiazide and simvastatin for years and sporadic with paracetamol. Consultation for pruritic skin lesions on trunk and extremities of 2 weeks of evolution for which no medical treatment has been performed (Image). The patient is hemodynamically stable and afebrile when she goes to the emergency department. Point out the correct option", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba10 Mujer de 80 a\u00f1os con antecedentes de hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, dislipemia y artrosis cervical en tratamiento con enalapril/hidroclorotiazida y simvastatina desde hace a\u00f1os y espor\u00e1dico con paracetamol. Consulta por lesiones cut\u00e1neas pruriginosas en tronco y extremidades de 2 semanas de evoluci\u00f3n para las que no ha realizado tratamiento m\u00e9dico (Imagen). La paciente se encuentra hemodin\u00e1micamente estable y afebril cuando acude al servicio de urgencias. Se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-31bae8877e6b460589cef0fb674c1523", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba11 Patient of 78 years, with a history of sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis 12 years ago. Consultation due to abdominal distension, accompanied by diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting in food, with thin stools. On physical examination, he is afebrile, hemodynamically stable, with diffuse pain on palpation of the abdomen, which is distended and tympanized without peritonism. The hydro-aerial noises are increased. The analytical studies, which include blood count, biochemistry, hemostasis and gasometry, are normal. The image shows abdominal X-ray and CT. Which is the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba11 Paciente de 78 a\u00f1os, con antecedentes de sigmoidectom\u00eda por diverticulitis hace 12 a\u00f1os. Consulta por distensi\u00f3n abdominal, acompa\u00f1ada de dolor abdominal difuso, n\u00e1useas y v\u00f3mitos alimentarios, con deposiciones escasas l\u00edquidas. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica est\u00e1 afebril, hemodin\u00e1micamente estable, con dolor difuso a la palpaci\u00f3n del abdomen, que est\u00e1 distendido y timpanizado sin peritonismo. Los ruidos hidroa\u00e9reos est\u00e1n aumentados. Los estudios anal\u00edticos, que incluyen hemograma, bioqu\u00edmica, hemostasia y gasometr\u00eda, son normales. En la imagen se muestran Rx de abdomen y TAC. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f70acda57f34447b26564d23f475745", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba12 A 58-year-old patient with a long-standing heartburn clinic. A high digestive endoscopy is performed, shown in the image. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba12 Paciente de 58 a\u00f1os con cl\u00ednica de pirosis de larga evoluci\u00f3n. Se realiza una endoscopia digestiva alta que se muestra en la imagen. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86112572317242a28aee9334f38eb0e8", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba13 A 65-year-old woman with no medical history of interest who went to the Emergency Room for a nausea and persistent discomfort in the right upper quadrant that had worsened in the last 24 hours; It is accompanied by anorexia with a certain degree of asthenia and athermal sensation. Upon entering the Emergency Room, he was feverish (38.2\u00ba C), normotensive (125/75 mm Hg), and with pain on selective palpation in the right hypochondrium; the rest of the physical examination is anodyne. The analysis carried out reveals as the only altered parameters a leukocytosis of 13,000 / mm3 with associated neutrophilia. In this clinical context, the surgeon on call requests an abdominal ultrasound. Point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba13 Mujer de 65 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes patol\u00f3gicos de inter\u00e9s que acude a Urgencias de un Hospital por n\u00e1useas y molestias persistentes en hipocondrio derecho que se han agudizado en las \u00faltimas 24 horas; se acompa\u00f1a de anorexia con cierto grado de astenia y sensaci\u00f3n dist\u00e9rmica. A su entrada en Urgencias est\u00e1 febril (38,2\u00ba C), normotensa (125/75 mm Hg), y con dolor a la palpaci\u00f3n selectiva en hipocondrio derecho; el resto de la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica es anodina. La anal\u00edtica realizada rebela como \u00fanicos par\u00e1metros alterados una leucocitosis de 13.000/mm3 con neutrofilia asociada. En este contexto cl\u00ednico el cirujano de guardia solicita una ecograf\u00eda abdominal. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-215f4a864e6540ee9586d1c989cc9bdb", "input": "Question linked to image # 14 We see a 31-year-old man in the office. He comes accompanied by his mother, with whom he still lives, at the request of her. Two years ago he has not found a job and in recent months he has been retiring at home. The patient claims to feel tired and weak and therefore prefers to leave home little. The mother suspects that the patient is depressed and both admit that she may have gained weight, although it has not been heavy. In clinical examination, what most attracts our attention is a PA of 150/100 mmHg and a prominent abdomen shown in the figure. In these circumstances, what do you think would be the most appropriate immediate behavior?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba14 Vemos en la consulta a un hombre de 31 a\u00f1os. Acude acompa\u00f1ado de su madre, con la que a\u00fan vive, a instancias de \u00e9sta. Hace dos a\u00f1os que no encuentra trabajo y en los \u00faltimos meses se ha ido retrayendo en el domicilio. El paciente afirma sentirse cansado y d\u00e9bil y que por ello prefiere salir poco de casa. La madre sospecha que el paciente est\u00e1 deprimido y ambos admiten que posiblemente ha engordado, aunque no se ha pesado. En la exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica, lo que m\u00e1s nos llama la atenci\u00f3n es una PA de 150/100 mmHg y un abdomen prominente que se muestra en la figura. En estas circunstancias, \u00bfcu\u00e1l cree que ser\u00eda la conducta inmediata m\u00e1s apropiada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b474ce880b6b4a35aa261c237b8fda3a", "input": "Question linked to image # 15 Patient with goiter. The image shows thyroid ultrasound in gray scale and color Doppler. Given these findings, point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba15 Paciente con bocio. En la imagen se muestra su ecograf\u00eda de tiroides en escala de grises y doppler color. Ante estos hallazgos, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f83283fe4e214a828d6ae3edefacb3c2", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba16 A 54-year-old black woman with asthenia, drowsiness, paresthesias, gait disorder, and loss of strength and sensation in both lower extremities. The analyzes showed Hb 10.4 g / dL, VCM 107 fL, platelets 110,000 / mm3, leukocytes 5,000 / mm3, neutrophils 1900 / mm3, lymphocytes 2500 / mm3, monocytes 300 / mm3, eosinophils 300 / mm3, reticulocytes 1.0% (normal 0.5-2), total reticulocytes 5,400 / mm3, haptoglobin 0 g / L (normal 0.3-2 g / L), LDH 1,114 U / L, AST (GOT) 50 U / L, ALT ( GPT) 30 U / L, GGT 16 U / L, alkaline phosphatase 90 U / L, total bilirubin 1.03 mg / dL. Negative Coombs test. The peripheral blood smear is shown in the image. Assessed the clinical and analytical picture, what is the treatment that should be administered to this patient?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba16 Mujer de 54 a\u00f1os de raza negra que presenta astenia, somnolencia, parestesias, trastorno de la marcha, y p\u00e9rdida de fuerza y de sensibilidad en ambas extremidades inferiores. Los an\u00e1lisis mostraron Hb 10,4 g/dL, VCM 107 fL, plaquetas 110.000/mm3, leucocitos 5.000/mm3, neutr\u00f3filos 1.900/mm3, linfocitos 2.500/mm3, monocitos 300/mm3, eosin\u00f3filos 300/mm3, reticulocitos 1,0 % (normal 0,5-2), reticulocitos totales 5.400/mm3, haptoglobina 0 g/L (normal 0,3-2 g/L), LDH 1.114 U/L, AST (GOT) 50 U/L, ALT (GPT) 30 U/L, GGT 16 U/L, fosfatasa alcalina 90 U/L, bilirrubina total 1,03 mg/dL. Test de Coombs negativo. El frotis de sangre perif\u00e9rica se muestra en la imagen. Valorado el cuadro cl\u00ednico y anal\u00edtico, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el tratamiento que se debe administrar a esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-00d0bdae07ff4bd7b346244a9d51a400", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba17 A young patient of 22 years of age is referred to us from Primary Care. He is originally from Jamaica and has been living in Spain for five months. The reason for consulting the family doctor was a feeling of tiredness. As a background, he explains some pains of several years of evolution in various joints, of moderate intensity, without inflammatory signs, which had not been studied in his country. The clinical examination shows pale mucous membranes and a painful ulcerated lesion in the leg, of three years of evolution, for which he had not consulted. I did not remember any local trauma. The analytical sample shows a Hb of 7.6 g / dL, reticulocytes 417,000 / uL, Hto 22.8%, leukocytes 13.540 / uL, with 51% of neutrophils and 36% of lymphocytes, platelets 286,000 / uL, bilirubin 2.12 mg / dL, (direct 0.4 mg / dL) and lactate dehydrogenase 318 U / L (vn <190 U / L). A basic study of coagulation is within normal ranges. The chest radiograph is normal, as well as an Eco-Doppler of the lower extremities. What type of anemia would you suspect before starting the corresponding confirmatory studies?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba17 Nos es remitido desde Atenci\u00f3n Primaria un paciente joven de 22 a\u00f1os de edad para estudio. Es originario de Jamaica y lleva cinco meses viviendo en Espa\u00f1a. El motivo de consulta al m\u00e9dico de familia fue una sensaci\u00f3n de cansancio. Como antecedentes explica unos dolores de varios a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n en diversas articulaciones, de intensidad moderada, sin signos inflamatorios, que no hab\u00edan sido estudiados en su pa\u00eds. La exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica muestra palidez de mucosas y una lesi\u00f3n ulcerada dolorosa en la pierna, de tres a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n, por la que no hab\u00eda consultado. No recordaba ning\u00fan traumatismo local. La anal\u00edtica muestra una Hb de 7,6 g/dL, reticulocitos 417.000/uL, Hto 22,8 %, leucocitos 13.540/uL, con 51% de neutr\u00f3filos y 36% de linfocitos, plaquetas 286.000/uL, bilirrubina 2,12 mg/dL, (directa 0,4 mg/dL) y lactato deshidrogenasa 318 U/L (v.n. < 190 U/L). Un estudio b\u00e1sico de la coagulaci\u00f3n se encuentra dentro de los rangos normales. La radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax es normal, as\u00ed como un Eco-Doppler de extremidades inferiores. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de anemia sospechar\u00eda Ud. antes de iniciar los correspondientes estudios confirmatorios?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba0df07122284556ba9d3786fdb07e2a", "input": "Question linked to image # 18 Point to what the image corresponds to", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba18 Se\u00f1ale a qu\u00e9 corresponde la imagen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ca03a982423544278650d191c20567c2", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba19 The urine of a patient under study due to renal insufficiency is received in the laboratory. An analysis is made by means of a test strip, which is shown in the image. What is your diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba19 Se recibe en el laboratorio la orina de un paciente en estudio por insuficiencia renal. Se realiza un an\u00e1lisis mediante tira reactiva, que se muestra en la imagen. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-756bba7a7b36438dbf31c81ef50dafe2", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba20 Patient of 65 years, smoker, who reports having presented hematuria with clots. During the diagnostic process, a urethrocystoscopy was performed, visualizing this image in the bladder. What would be the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba20 Paciente de 65 a\u00f1os, fumador, que refiere haber presentado hematuria con co\u00e1gulos. En su proceso diagn\u00f3stico se le realiz\u00f3 una uretrocistoscopia visualiz\u00e1ndose en vejiga esta imagen. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d394196599f3472e8184e409e617d108", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba21 A 65-year-old man with chronic renal insufficiency and hypertensive treatment with enalapril. He goes to the emergency room for general malaise and nausea without chest pain. Upon arrival at the hospital an ECG was performed, which is shown below. What test would you request to confirm the suspected diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba21 Hombre de 65 a\u00f1os de edad con insuficiencia renal cr\u00f3nica e hipertenso en tratamiento con enalapril. Acude a Urgencias por malestar general y n\u00e1useas sin dolor tor\u00e1cico. Al llegar al Hospital se le realiz\u00f3 un ECG que se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba solicitar\u00eda para confirmar el diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce2d111dac3f4e74b93c9633a025a990", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba22 The patient whose radiographs are shown is being followed in the pulmonology consultations by a chronic obstructive bronchopneumonia. Between its antecedents a treated tuberculosis appears, without signs of reactivation. Consultation for an increase, in the last year, of cough and more expectoration than usual, with occasional hemoptotic sputum. The simple radiograph shown is similar to those performed in the annual controls except for a slight increase in radiopacity over the lesion of the right upper lobe. It was decided to perform thoracic CT in supine and prone position whose images are shown in a section of upper lung fields. Is the diagnosis most likely?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba22 El paciente cuyas radiograf\u00edas se muestran est\u00e1 siendo seguido en las consultas de neumolog\u00eda por una bronconeumopat\u00eda obstructiva cr\u00f3nica. Entre sus antecedentes figura una tuberculosis tratada, sin indicios de reactivaci\u00f3n. Consulta por aumento, en el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o, de la tos y m\u00e1s expectoraci\u00f3n de la habitual, con ocasionales esputos hemoptoicos. La radiograf\u00eda simple que se muestra es similar a las realizadas en los controles anuales excepto por un ligero aumento de la radiopacidad sobre la lesi\u00f3n del l\u00f3bulo superior derecho. Se decide realizar TC tor\u00e1cica en posici\u00f3n supino y prono cuyas im\u00e1genes se muestran en un corte de campos pulmonares superiores. \u00bfEl diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable es?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e12538662a248ca93df22931e8d759b", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba23 A 58-year-old man with no clinical or surgical history of interest other than a smoker with a history of progressive dyspnea. Goes to the emergency room due to increased dyspnea. The chest X-ray taken is shown in the image. Indicate in which semiological group should be framed", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba23 Hombre de 58 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes cl\u00ednicos ni quir\u00fargicos de inter\u00e9s salvo fumador con historia de disnea progresiva. Acude a urgencias por aumento de su disnea. La radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax practicada se muestra en la imagen. Se\u00f1ale en que grupo semiol\u00f3gico debe encuadrarse" ] }, { "id": "task1432-450438244686460b9fc85e2ebd1de174", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba24 Woman of 35 years of age, without toxic habits, housewife. For 3 years, she has reported a wheezing dyspnea clinic. Studied with chest x-ray and spirometry by her primary care physician, she is diagnosed with extrinsic bronchial asthma. During the last year the clinic worsened despite starting treatment with an inhaler (formoterol every 12 hours), being referred to area pneumology. Spirometry was performed with the result of FVC 2,900 mL (103% of theory); FEV1 1800 mL (77% of theory); FEV1 / FVC 65% (78% of theory). Negative bronchodilator test. The flow / volume graph of spirometry is shown in the image. What diagnostic test of the following would you request in the first place?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba24 Mujer de 35 a\u00f1os de edad, sin h\u00e1bitos t\u00f3xicos, ama de casa. Desde hace 3 a\u00f1os refiere cl\u00ednica de disnea sibilante. Estudiada con radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax y espirometr\u00eda por su m\u00e9dico de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria, es diagnosticada de asma bronquial extr\u00ednseco. Durante el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o ha empeorado la cl\u00ednica a pesar de iniciar tratamiento con un inhalador (formoterol cada 12 horas), siendo remitida a Neumolog\u00eda de zona. Se realiza una espirometr\u00eda con el resultado de FVC 2.900 mL (103% del te\u00f3rico); FEV1 1.800 mL (77% del te\u00f3rico); FEV1/FVC 65% (78% del te\u00f3rico). Test broncodilatador negativo. En la imagen se muestra la gr\u00e1fica flujo/volumen de la espirometr\u00eda. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba diagn\u00f3stica de las siguientes solicitar\u00eda en primer lugar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e11d972f5fdc45d2b8cd278685acd91c", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba25 A 45-year-old man, with no history of interest, went to the emergency room for dyspnea in the last 24 hours, since he returned from a trip from Mexico. In the emergency department, the image tests that are shown are performed. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba25 Un hombre de 45 a\u00f1os de edad, sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s, acude a urgencias por disnea en las \u00faltimas 24 horas, desde que regres\u00f3 de un viaje desde M\u00e9jico. En urgencias se realizan las pruebas de imagen que se muestran. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-38617e3acbaf4304aa3204cafe52642d", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba26 A 74-year-old patient who consulted due to muscle weakness. Provides a CT performed in another center. Which of the following determinations would support our most probable diagnostic suspicion?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba26 Paciente de 74 a\u00f1os que consulta por debilidad muscular. Aporta una TC realizada en otro centro. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes determinaciones apoyar\u00eda nuestra sospecha diagn\u00f3stica m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9c21e26493c4419b4d6826bf66dbb60", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba27 A 30-year-old man, carrier of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who goes to the Emergency Department due to progressive loss of vision in his left eye, without other accompanying ophthalmological symptoms. At the funduscopic examination the image of the figure is observed. Before this image, it is possible to suspect", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba27 Hombre de 30 a\u00f1os, portador del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), que acude al Servicio de Urgencias por p\u00e9rdida progresiva de visi\u00f3n en su ojo izquierdo, sin otra sintomatolog\u00eda oftalmol\u00f3gica acompa\u00f1ante. A la exploraci\u00f3n fundusc\u00f3pica se observa la imagen de la figura. Ante esta imagen, cabe sospechar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0c5ad64083d9483fbb4fb3fb31586ff3", "input": "Question linked to image # 28 Which of the following symptoms or signs is LESS frequent in a patient with the following image?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba28 \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes s\u00edntomas o signos es MENOS frecuente en un paciente con la siguiente imagen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0dc0cab4e584b96938193d9c5b82307", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba29 A \u200b\u200b32-year-old woman, without any treatment at present, who goes to the Emergency Room with a headache, eyes without ciliary injection and the fundus seen in the image. In view of the funduscopic alterations, which of the following explorations would be the LEAST related to the diagnostic suspicion?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba29 Mujer de 32 a\u00f1os de edad, sin ning\u00fan tratamiento en la actualidad, que acude a Urgencias con un cuadro de cefalea, ojos sin inyecci\u00f3n ciliar y el fondo de ojo que se ve en la imagen. A la vista de las alteraciones fundusc\u00f3picas, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes exploraciones ser\u00eda la MENOS relacionada con la sospecha diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-caf8526f266d43b3a802bcff48c25e47", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba30 A 5-year-old boy presents recurrent outbreaks of very pruritic eczema for months. Your pediatrician refers you to the dermatologist. Which of the following additional tests should you perform to establish the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba30 Un ni\u00f1o de 5 a\u00f1os presenta brotes recurrentes de eccemas muy pruriginosos desde hace meses. Su pediatra lo deriva al dermat\u00f3logo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes exploraciones complementarias deber\u00eda realizar para establecer el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-49a692ad30f64a12a59be8a99e9d5774", "input": "Question linked to image no.31 A 26-year-old woman consulted for a fever of 3 weeks evolution. The fever was daily, in peaks that reached 38.5 \u00b0 C and sometimes at 39 \u00b0 C, and was accompanied by pharyngeal pain, myalgias and arthralgias of large joints. Within a few hours the fever subsided spontaneously or by some antipyretic. During the febrile episodes it presented a rash. The patient reported that she had presented two previous episodes in the previous two years, very similar to the current one, which had not been diagnosed despite in-depth studies. He had not made trips outside of Spain nor did he refer epidemiological antecedents of interest. The clinical examination during a febrile episode showed the skin rash that can be seen in the image, which disappeared in a few hours. The patient also had pharyngeal hyperemia, bilateral small painful laterocervical lymphadenopathies and a spleen pole was palpated below the left costal arch. To establish the diagnosis, it is expected that several laboratory and imaging studies should be performed. However, which of the following statements seems more appropriate in the current diagnostic phase?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba31 Una mujer de 26 a\u00f1os de edad consult\u00f3 por fiebre de 3 semanas de evoluci\u00f3n. La fiebre era diaria, en picos que llegaban a 38,5\u00baC y en alguna ocasi\u00f3n a 39\u00baC, y se acompa\u00f1aba de dolor far\u00edngeo, mialgias y artralgias de grandes articulaciones. A las pocas horas la fiebre remit\u00eda, espont\u00e1neamente o mediante alg\u00fan antit\u00e9rmico. Durante los episodios febriles presentaba una erupci\u00f3n cut\u00e1nea. La paciente refer\u00eda que hab\u00eda presentado dos episodios previos en los dos a\u00f1os anteriores, muy parecidos al actual, que no hab\u00edan sido diagnosticados a pesar de sendos estudios en profundidad. No hab\u00eda realizado viajes fuera de Espa\u00f1a ni refer\u00eda antecedentes epidemiol\u00f3gicos de inter\u00e9s. La exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica durante un episodio febril mostr\u00f3 la erupci\u00f3n cut\u00e1nea que puede observarse en la imagen, que en pocas horas desapareci\u00f3. La paciente tambi\u00e9n presentaba una hiperemia far\u00edngea, adenopat\u00edas peque\u00f1as y dolorosas laterocervicales bilaterales y se palpaba un polo de bazo por debajo del arco costal izquierdo. Para establecer el diagn\u00f3stico es de prever que deban realizarse diversos estudios de laboratorio e imagen. Con todo, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones le parece m\u00e1s adecuada en la actual fase diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-677fc30ed1d94c1eafd16c12c02499d5", "input": "Question linked to image no. 32 The hands shown in the image belong to a 52-year-old woman who consulted because she presented 3 years of intermittent mild intermittent pain in the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of both hands. The pain is aggravated after intense efforts and may be accompanied by swelling and redness. He has taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatories during these periods, with improvement. After deforming, the joints bother you less. Which diagnosis is the most likely?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba32 Las manos que se muestran en la imagen pertenecen a una mujer de 52 a\u00f1os que consulta porque presenta desde hace 3 a\u00f1os dolor levemoderado intermitente en articulaciones interfal\u00e1ngicas distales y proximales de ambas manos. El dolor se agrava despu\u00e9s de esfuerzos intensos y puede acompa\u00f1arse de tumefacci\u00f3n y rubefacci\u00f3n. Ha tomado anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos durante estos periodos, con mejor\u00eda. Despu\u00e9s de deformarse, las articulaciones le molestan menos. \u00bfQu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico es el m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f4fbcda405f64e218673c272b60b94e8", "input": "What would you suspect in a patient who has difficulty in laterally raising the arm (limitation of arm abduction from 30 degrees) and paresthesias in the lateral portion of the shoulder, without pain, and that the previous day has suffered a dislocation escapulohumeral?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 sospechar\u00eda en un paciente que tiene una dificultad para elevar lateralmente el brazo (limitaci\u00f3n de la abducci\u00f3n del brazo a partir de los 30 grados) y parestesias en la porci\u00f3n lateral del hombro, sin dolor, y que el d\u00eda anterior ha sufrido una luxaci\u00f3n escapulohumeral?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-23caa38a20b34cf1ae98c51fe153f921", "input": "A 41-year-old woman, with no relevant medical history, presented six months ago with dyspnea of \u200b\u200beffort that has progressively increased. At auscultation showed basal crackles. The chest radiograph showed bilateral basal densities. Open lung biopsy was performed. In the histopathological study, a complex, heterogeneous lesion was observed, with altered areas that alternated with others preserved, with fibrosis of the alveolar septa and development of marked fibroblastic foci and pneumocytic type 2 hyperplasia. The affectation was fundamentally subpleural. Is the diagnosis of the lung injury?", "output": [ "Mujer de 41 a\u00f1os, sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s, que present\u00f3 hace seis meses disnea de esfuerzo que ha aumentado progresivamente. A la auscultaci\u00f3n mostraba crepitantes basales. En la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax se apreciaron densidades basales bilaterales. Se realiz\u00f3 biopsia pulmonar abierta. En el estudio histopatol\u00f3gico se observ\u00f3 una lesi\u00f3n compleja, heterog\u00e9nea, con \u00e1reas alteradas que alternaban con otras preservadas, con fibrosis de los septos alveolares y desarrollo de marcados focos fibrobl\u00e1sticos e hiperplasia neumocitaria tipo 2. La afectaci\u00f3n era fundamentalmente subpleural. \u00bfEl diagn\u00f3stico de la lesi\u00f3n pulmonar es?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a616cf3c28b478d9b4ec975ade695e1", "input": "Which of the following morphological features do we expect to find in the biopsy of the gastric body of a patient with vitamin B12 deficiency?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes rasgos morfol\u00f3gicos no esperamos encontrar en la biopsia del cuerpo g\u00e1strico de un paciente con deficiencia de vitamina B12?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-021ba4ff5b704452bac776851d9c2552", "input": "Which of the following statements about generic medications is NOT correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre los medicamentos gen\u00e9ricos NO es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b863408d0a844e2bf3ab3f06438ced5", "input": "There is a genetic polymorphism of the enzyme thiopurine methyltransferase that is associated with a high risk of severe hematological toxicity when one of the following drugs is administered to homozygous individuals. What is the drug?", "output": [ "Existe un polimorfismo gen\u00e9tico de la enzima tiopurina metiltranferasa que se asocia a un elevado riesgo de toxicidad hematol\u00f3gica grave cuando se administra uno de siguientes f\u00e1rmacos a los individuos homocigotos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el f\u00e1rmaco?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da07c51473b1459a845c60572391ed6c", "input": "In addition to hemorrhage, a serious adverse effect of heparin is", "output": [ "Adem\u00e1s de la hemorragia, un efecto adverso grave de la heparina es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4460ecf414c44fc6836c840dbb0eb6c9", "input": "Which of the following non-steroidal anti-inflammatories more selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase 2?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes antiinflamatorios no esteroideos inhibe de forma m\u00e1s selectiva la ciclooxigenasa 2?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f09f1c2cb5bb4013806d238a10147a10", "input": "A 45-year-old woman with major depressive syndrome who has been receiving citalopram for 3 months. She underwent cholecystectomy by laparoscopy under epidural anesthesia with the association fentanyl + bupivacaine. In the postoperative period, he develops intense nausea and vomiting, agitation, tremor, mydriasis, hypersalivation, myoclonus and hyperthermia. Point out the most probable cause of this picture.", "output": [ "Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os con s\u00edndrome depresivo mayor en tratamiento con citalopram desde hace 3 meses. Es sometida a colecistectom\u00eda mediante laparoscopia bajo anestesia epidural con la asociaci\u00f3n fentanilo+bupivaca\u00edna. En el postoperatorio desarrolla n\u00e1useas y v\u00f3mitos intensos, agitaci\u00f3n, temblor, midriasis, hipersalivaci\u00f3n, mioclonias e hipertermia. Se\u00f1ale la causa m\u00e1s probable de este cuadro." ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0615fd46b5e47d8b6cca4ecb2eb7f53", "input": "Indicate which of the following statements regarding the physiology and structuring of the dream is true", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones referentes a la fisiolog\u00eda y estructuraci\u00f3n del sue\u00f1o es verdadera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ebdd1a82ef149d6b305dfa86ab8d03f", "input": "A vulnerable arteriosclerotic plaque is characterized by", "output": [ "Una placa arterioscler\u00f3tica vulnerable se caracteriza por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d275b2a1bdc433ba0b759958724689e", "input": "In renal physiology, one of these statements is true", "output": [ "En la fisiolog\u00eda renal, una de estas afirmaciones es verdadera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-327225aaee154a00a313e6b9a7a5d754", "input": "When does the coronary blood flow of the left ventricle reach its maximum value?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo alcanza su valor m\u00e1ximo el flujo sangu\u00edneo coronario del ventr\u00edculo izquierdo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1ce814cd6c82498b935d982c950db156", "input": "In the study of gastric secretion, which of the following tests is worthless?", "output": [ "En el estudio de la secreci\u00f3n g\u00e1strica, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes pruebas carece de valor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-226a9e8f8e6346448c5185f6a2670645", "input": "A 19-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea is diagnosed with Turner syndrome by a cytogenetic study. What karyotype does it present?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 19 a\u00f1os con amenorrea primaria est\u00e1 diagnosticada de s\u00edndrome de Turner por un estudio de citogen\u00e9tica. \u00bfQu\u00e9 cariotipo presenta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-754c207117fa4647979758021eb19790", "input": "A 27-year-old woman goes to the genetic counseling clinic after having a child with Down syndrome. In the child, a trisomy 21 with translocation 21/21 inherited from the mother is identified. What would be the risk of recurrence of Down syndrome in the future children of this woman?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 27 a\u00f1os acude a la consulta de asesoramiento gen\u00e9tico tras tener un hijo con s\u00edndrome de Down. En el ni\u00f1o se identifica una trisom\u00eda 21 con translocaci\u00f3n 21/21 heredada de la madre. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda el riesgo de recurrencia de s\u00edndrome de Down en los futuros hijos de esta mujer?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6b2a98458b1647afaf22d24d36e2310c", "input": "A 3-year-old child referred for genetic consultation to assess psychomotor retardation, language delay and hyperactivity without significant dysmorphic features or associated malformations. He is the first child of a healthy, young and non-consanguineous couple. A maternal uncle has mental retardation and the maternal grandmother presented early ovarian failure. Which of the following diagnostic tests would be the most appropriate to establish the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1o de 3 a\u00f1os remitido a consulta de gen\u00e9tica para valoraci\u00f3n por retraso psicomotor, retraso del lenguaje e hiperactividad sin rasgos dism\u00f3rficos significativos ni malformaciones asociadas. Es el primer hijo de una pareja sana, joven y no consangu\u00ednea. Un t\u00edo materno tiene retraso mental y la abuela materna present\u00f3 fallo ov\u00e1rico precoz. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes pruebas diagn\u00f3sticas ser\u00eda la m\u00e1s apropiada para establecer el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dc2c592368d24a61831aaa568e588fbe", "input": "Opsonins are molecules capable of recognizing structures on the surface of microorganisms and thus facilitate", "output": [ "La opsoninas son mol\u00e9culas capaces de reconocer estructuras de la superficie de los microorganismos y de este modo facilitan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8fc73000c74e40bca589474b591e7682", "input": "Among the most important functions of secretory immunoglobulin A is", "output": [ "Entre las m\u00e1s importantes funciones de la inmunoglobulina A secretora se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-755fce7c06e048fc836a7e5d4f5febf4", "input": "Certain autoimmune diseases have been associated with genetic deficiencies of the complement system. Specifically, the deficiency in C4 has been associated with", "output": [ "Ciertas enfermedades autoinmunes se han asociado con deficiencias gen\u00e9ticas del sistema del complemento. Concretamente, la deficiencia en C4 se ha asociado con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-99725cbf719b4812a998a69f8fe30c68", "input": "6-month-old girl, first daughter of a consanguineous Spanish couple with no family history of interest. He went to the emergency room in winter due to a high fever (39-40.5\u00baC) of three days of evolution, prostration, loss of appetite and marked respiratory distress. On examination, a significant delay in weight was observed, absence of thymic shadow on the chest radiograph, and a circulating lymphocyte level of 920 / mm3 was detected in the hemogram. Point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1a de 6 meses de edad, primera hija de una pareja espa\u00f1ola consangu\u00ednea sin antecedentes familiares de inter\u00e9s. Acude a urgencias en invierno por fiebre elevada (39-40,5\u00baC) de tres d\u00edas de evoluci\u00f3n, postraci\u00f3n, p\u00e9rdida de apetito y marcado distr\u00e9s respiratorio. En la exploraci\u00f3n se observa un importante retraso ponderal, ausencia de sombra t\u00edmica en la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax y en el hemograma se detecta un nivel de linfocitos circulantes de 920/mm3. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e2fb9ad4e3234bc88a25827ba60f32ae", "input": "80 year old patient from a nursing home. Presents sepsis of urinary origin that does not respond to empiric treatment with ceftriaxone. In the blood cultures and urocultures, E. coli resistant to cephalosporins grows. The laboratory informs us that it is a strain that produces beta-lactamases with an extended spectrum. Which antibiotic, among the following, should be used?", "output": [ "Paciente de 80 a\u00f1os procedente de una residencia de ancianos. Presenta sepsis de origen urinario que no responde al tratamiento emp\u00edrico con ceftriaxona. En los hemocultivos y urocultivos crece E. coli resistente a cefalosporinas. El laboratorio nos informa que es una cepa productora de betalactamasas de espectro ampliado. \u00bfQu\u00e9 antibi\u00f3tico, entre los siguientes, debe utilizarse?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b2c814b41c64f37bbabd501e9c73d8d", "input": "A patient presents a lithogenic urinary infection due to the formation of struvite stones. Which of the following microorganisms is probably the causative agent of the infection?", "output": [ "Un paciente presenta una infecci\u00f3n urinaria litog\u00e9nica por formaci\u00f3n de c\u00e1lculos de estruvita. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes microorganismos es probablemente el agente causal de la infecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d79463ff76904c218baa06ccb1f8d93d", "input": "Prior to performing an organ transplant, the serological status (presence of antibodies) of both the donor and the possible recipient is systematically determined against certain microorganisms, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). In which of the following situations does the highest incidence of CMV disease occur in recipients of a solid organ transplant?", "output": [ "Previo a la realizaci\u00f3n de un trasplante de \u00f3rganos, se determina de forma sistem\u00e1tica el estatus serol\u00f3gico (presencia de anticuerpos) tanto del donante como del posible receptor, frente a determinados microorganismos, entre los que se incluye citomegalovirus (CMV). \u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes situaciones, se da la mayor incidencia de enfermedad por CMV, en los receptores de un trasplante de \u00f3rganos s\u00f3lidos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-96b710e6298a493686fb01d9c8e0c49c", "input": "In a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antiretroviral treatment is initiated. For the evolutionary follow-up of the infection and control of the treatment, which of the following determinations is more useful", "output": [ "En un paciente infectado por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se inicia tratamiento antirretroviral. Para el seguimiento evolutivo de la infecci\u00f3n y control del tratamiento, cu\u00e1l de las siguientes determinaciones es m\u00e1s \u00fatil" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d85517046c746c1a3bd427c8bcdcdb1", "input": "From the following list of antimicrobials, which one would you NOT choose as a sequential treatment in a patient who is going to be discharged from your home?", "output": [ "De la siguiente lista de antimicrobianos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l NO elegir\u00eda como tratamiento secuencial en un paciente al que va a dar de alta a su domicilio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ae99cef4b9fe4a168472431fc49d39ca", "input": "A 35-year-old man is valued for having suffered a syncope. In the electrocardiogram, deep Q waves are observed and on auscultation, the presence of a systolic murmur in the low left sternal border is highlighted. What is your most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 35 a\u00f1os es valorado por haber sufrido un s\u00edncope. En el electrocardiograma se observan ondas Q profundas y a la auscultaci\u00f3n destaca la presencia de un soplo sist\u00f3lico en borde esternal izquierdo bajo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fd61a63031834603b8aedebf17b088fb", "input": "The arterial bypass graft (coronary artery bypass) that presents a greater long-term patency (greater than 90% at 10 years after surgery) and, therefore, is used preferentially for coronary artery bypass surgery is", "output": [ "El injerto de derivaci\u00f3n arterial (bypass coronario) que presenta una mayor permeabilidad a largo plazo (superior a 90% a los 10 a\u00f1os de la cirug\u00eda) y, por tanto, se emplea preferentemente para la cirug\u00eda de revascularizaci\u00f3n coronaria es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-887c6bdb7e564a6d9878de47b003d259", "input": "In relation to the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation, indicate which of the following statements is FALSE", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al tratamiento de la insuficiencia mitral grave, se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cb3196f3e3ab4c77b3a6c33bcbe7acb1", "input": "Among the factors associated with the appearance of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction, it is NOT found", "output": [ "Entre los factores asociados a la aparici\u00f3n de shock cardiog\u00e9nico en el infarto agudo de miocardio, NO se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d90f71624cb84b6683790a5e6cb0c5d1", "input": "A 47-year-old man with no history of interest is diagnosed with high blood pressure a year ago. He continues treatment with amlodipine 10 mg (1-0-0) and losartan / hydrochlorothiazide 100/25 mg (1-0-0), and performs a low sodium diet, with good adherence. Despite this, it has figures of PA 168/92 mmHg. What is the next step to make?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 47 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s, es diagnosticado de hipertensi\u00f3n arterial hace un a\u00f1o. Sigue tratamiento con amlodipino 10 mg (1-0-0) y losartan/hidroclorotiazida 100/25 mg (1-0-0), y realiza dieta hipos\u00f3dica, con buena adherencia. A pesar de ello tiene cifras de PA 168/92 mmHg. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el siguiente paso a realizar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69a58bb513904586909ce8eee27084d2", "input": "A 76-year-old man diagnosed with heart failure, in chronic atrial fibrillation, with severe systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 33%). Continues treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, beta-blocker and thiazide diuretic. Despite this, it is symptomatic, in functional class II of the NYHA. What would be the attitude to follow?", "output": [ "Hombre de 76 a\u00f1os de edad diagnosticado de insuficiencia cardiaca, en fibrilaci\u00f3n auricular cr\u00f3nica, con disfunci\u00f3n sist\u00f3lica severa (fracci\u00f3n de eyecci\u00f3n 33%). Sigue tratamiento con inhibidor de enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, betabloqueante y diur\u00e9tico tiaz\u00eddico. Pese a ello se encuentra sintom\u00e1tico, en clase funcional II de la NYHA. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la actitud a seguir?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-654abb66eb634b72aa3eb21a68f22133", "input": "Of the following diseases, one of them can be manifested with absence of jugular venous pulse", "output": [ "De la siguientes enfermedades, una de ellas puede manifestarse con ausencia de pulso venoso yugular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ac351968db54e2ea39f79ae0345ab32", "input": "A 25-year-old man, a military man by profession, is found in a coma with a temperature of 41\u00baC after vigorous physical exercise at noon on a hot day. His blood pressure despite the contribution of 3 liters of crystalloids is 80 mm Hg, with oliguria and lactate rise. His heart rate is 125 bpm with ECG showing a supraventricular tachycardia. In the analytical one highlights a prothrombin activity of 30% and INR of 3. Indicate the true answer", "output": [ "Un hombre de 25 a\u00f1os de edad, militar de profesi\u00f3n, es encontrado en coma con temperatura de 41\u00baC tras ejercicio f\u00edsico vigoroso a mediod\u00eda un d\u00eda caluroso. Su presi\u00f3n arterial pese al aporte de 3 litros de cristaloides es de 80 mm de Hg, con oliguria y ascenso de lactato. Su frecuencia cardiaca es de 125 lpm con ECG que muestra una taquicardia supraventricular. En la anal\u00edtica destaca una actividad de protrombina de 30% e INR de 3. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta verdadera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c13b794ce9f54c359b81d5cd545ac2cb", "input": "The most important hemodynamic method in the diagnosis of chronic ischemia of the lower extremities is", "output": [ "El m\u00e9todo hemodin\u00e1mico m\u00e1s importante en el diagn\u00f3stico de la isquemia cr\u00f3nica de las extremidades inferiores es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-66c5192aff394371bf97a510da88837b", "input": "In relation to the clinical forms of erythema multiforme, all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a las formas cl\u00ednicas del eritema multiforme, todas las afirmaciones siguientes son correctas EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f400056cb2fc4feda6d40eabac36187f", "input": "A 43-year-old man consults for presenting a congenital nevus in his arm that in the last month has changed shape and color. Surgical resection of the lesion was performed and the anatomopathological diagnosis was as follows melanoma with a non-ulcerated surface extension of 1.3 mm vertical invasion, 1 mitosis / mm2, which is 2 mm from the closest resection margin. In the physical examination regional lymph nodes are not palpated What is the attitude to follow next ?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 43 a\u00f1os consulta por presentar un nevus cong\u00e9nito en brazo que en el \u00faltimo mes ha cambiado de forma y color. Se realiza extirpaci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica de la lesi\u00f3n y el diagn\u00f3stico anatomopatol\u00f3gico es el siguiente melanoma de extensi\u00f3n superficial no ulcerado de 1,3 mm de invasi\u00f3n vertical, 1 mitosis/mm2, que dista 2 mm del margen de resecci\u00f3n m\u00e1s pr\u00f3ximo. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica no se palpan adenopat\u00edas regionales \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud a seguir a continuaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12ec521e4d53482aa9de2379e0c02a41", "input": "A 45-year-old woman with a history of xerophthalmia and xerostomia, who presented in July 2014 due to an eruption of annular erythematous lesions, with more active edges, on the neckline and upper back for 15 days, coinciding with some vacation in Menorca. At the time of the examination we observed that some of the lesions tend to resolve without leaving a scar. It has good general condition and the rest of the physical examination is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os de edad, con antecedentes de xeroftalm\u00eda y xerostom\u00eda, que acude en julio del 2014 por presentar una erupci\u00f3n de lesiones eritematosas anulares, de bordes m\u00e1s activos, en escote y parte superior de la espalda desde hace 15 d\u00edas, coincidiendo con unas vacaciones en Menorca. En el momento de la exploraci\u00f3n observamos que algunas de las lesiones tienden a resolverse sin dejar cicatriz. Tiene buen estado general y el resto de la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica es normal. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e04d9df9cdfa4c539327aef9c728649b", "input": "Which of the following is NOT considered a general complication of laparoscopic access in abdominal surgery?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes NO se considera una complicaci\u00f3n general del acceso laparosc\u00f3pico en cirug\u00eda abdominal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f3d487ea0d24a79aea98d9ed8b04949", "input": "A 53-year-old man with no history of interest presented pain in the right iliac fossa of 12 days of evolution. Her family doctor prescribed oral antibiotics and analgesia for suspected urine infection. Goes for persistence of pain and fever. On tomography, an appendicular plastron and an abscess of 7 centimeters are detected. Indicate the most appropriate treatment", "output": [ "Un hombre 53 a\u00f1os, sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s, presenta dolor en fosa il\u00edaca derecha de 12 d\u00edas de evoluci\u00f3n. Su m\u00e9dico de familia le prescribi\u00f3 antibi\u00f3tico oral y analgesia por sospecha de infecci\u00f3n de orina. Acude por persistencia del dolor y fiebre. En tomograf\u00eda se detecta un plastr\u00f3n apendicular y un absceso de 7 cent\u00edmetros. Indique el tratamiento m\u00e1s adecuada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aa5a68634861441db37df8a0a6654fa8", "input": "A 35-year-old man comes to the consultation referring to the appearance of a lump in the right inguinal region that does not produce any symptoms. A clinical examination suggests an inguinal hernia. All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT", "output": [ "Un hombre de 35 a\u00f1os acude a la consulta refiriendo la aparici\u00f3n de un bulto en la regi\u00f3n inguinal derecha que no produce ninguna sintomatolog\u00eda. A la exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica sugiere una hernia inguinal. Todas las siguientes afirmaciones son correctas EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76cbd46a7bfe4cb7a2aa52ffbc16634d", "input": "A 55-year-old patient, with a 15-year history of ulcerative colitis, presented in a control colonoscopy a rectal cancer eight cm from the anal margin and moderate activity of his colitis, especially on the left side of the colon. It is staged as T2N0M0 after performing image tests. What is the correct intervention for your treatment?", "output": [ "Un paciente de 55 a\u00f1os, con historia de 15 a\u00f1os de colitis ulcerosa, presenta en una colonoscopia de control un c\u00e1ncer de recto a ocho cm del margen anal y actividad moderada de su colitis sobre todo en el lado izquierdo del colon. Se estadifica como T2N0M0 tras realizar pruebas de imagen. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la intervenci\u00f3n correcta para su tratamiento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce300fcdcba7447183fc3b816ad84195", "input": "A 57-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis undergoes regular treatment with corticosteroids. It is under study for presenting a picture of pain in the epigastrium, with occasional nausea and decreased appetite. In the analysis it presents Hb 15 g / dL, Fe 55 ug / dL, PCR 3 mg / dL, ESR 42 mm at the first hour. Fibrogastroscopy hiatus hernia of 3 cm and an ulcer at the level of the antrum, excavated, of 1 cm, with high and regular borders and with confluence of folds, which is biopsied. The histological study shows signs of acute inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Normal abdominal CT What attitude, of those mentioned below, do you consider to be the most appropriate for the treatment of this patient?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 57 a\u00f1os de edad con artritis reumatoide sigue tratamiento habitual con corticoides. Est\u00e1 en estudio por presentar un cuadro de dolor en epigastrio, con n\u00e1useas ocasionales y disminuci\u00f3n de apetito. En la an\u00e1l\u00edtica presenta Hb 15 g/dL, Fe 55 ug/dL, PCR 3 mg/dL, VSG 42 mm a la primera hora. Fibrogastroscopia hernia de hiato de 3 cm y una \u00falcera a nivel de antro, excavada, de 1 cm, con bordes elevados y regulares y con confluencia de pliegues, que se biopsia. El estudio histol\u00f3gico muestra signos de inflamaci\u00f3n aguda y metaplasia intestinal. TC abdominal normal. \u00bfQu\u00e9 actitud, de las que se mencionan a continuaci\u00f3n, considera que es la m\u00e1s adecuada para el tratamiento de este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eaddd44a648c474790c75917c575420e", "input": "A 63-year-old patient with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer at 56 years of age. In his personal history, an episode of rectorrhagia secondary to the hemorrhoidal syndrome was highlighted 15 years ago, so a colonoscopy was performed that was normal and did not present rectal bleeding. Goes to the emergency room for a hematochezic episode. FC 120 bpm and BP 70/40 mmHg. The blood test shows a hemoglobin of 8 g / dL. Point out the INCORRECT response in regards to the management of this patient", "output": [ "Paciente de 63 a\u00f1os con antecedentes familiares de primer grado de c\u00e1ncer colorrectal a los 56 a\u00f1os. En sus antecedentes personales destaca un episodio de rectorragia secundaria a s\u00edndrome hemorroidal hace 15 a\u00f1os por lo que se realiz\u00f3 una colonoscopia que fue normal y no ha vuelto a presentar rectorragia. Acude a urgencias por episodio de hematoquecia. FC 120 lpm y PA 70/40 mmHg. El an\u00e1lisis de sangre muestra una hemoglobina de 8 g/dL. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA en lo que respecta al manejo de este paciente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b10d82fcaff04fbb967a317e40d124cf", "input": "A 63-year-old man with a history of stable alcoholic liver cirrhosis, who does not follow-up or treatment after living abroad, comes to his office. It does not present data of encephalopathy, there is moderate ascites to the exploration and in the analytic it presents a bilirubin of 1,8 mg / dL, an albumin of 3,4 g / dL and a prothrombin activity of 50% (Child-Pugh B- 8). It provides complementary tests performed two years ago an abdominal ultrasound without ascites, portal vein of 15 mm in diameter and splenomegaly, as well as an oral endoscopy with the presence of grade IV esophageal varices, although it has not had known upper gastrointestinal bleeding to date. Which of the following statements do you think is LESS adequate for this patient?", "output": [ "Acude a su consulta un hombre de 63 a\u00f1os con antecedente de cirrosis hep\u00e1tica alcoh\u00f3lica estable, que no realiza seguimiento ni tratamiento tras haber estado viviendo en el extranjero. No presenta datos de encefalopat\u00eda, hay ascitis moderada a la exploraci\u00f3n y en la anal\u00edtica presenta una bilirrubina de 1,8 mg/dL, una alb\u00famina de 3,4 g/dL y una actividad de protrombina del 50% (Child-Pugh B-8). Aporta pruebas complementarias realizadas hace dos a\u00f1os una ecograf\u00eda abdominal sin ascitis, vena porta de 15 mm de di\u00e1metro y esplenomegalia, as\u00ed como una endoscopia oral con presencia de varices esof\u00e1gicas grado IV, si bien no ha tenido hasta la fecha hemorragia digestiva alta conocida. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones le parece la MENOS adecuada para este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4d071144511e46af8e4e679012da4caf", "input": "In the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, indicate the correct answer", "output": [ "En el diagn\u00f3stico de carcinoma hepatocelular, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2f977a9598a240319839c40cad16432a", "input": "A 57-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, abstinence of more than 6 years, has a Child's grade A liver function, grade II esophageal varices and good clinical status (ECOG 1). He is diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in the right hepatic lobe, 8 cm in diameter and with thrombosis of the adjacent portal branch. The most indicated treatment is", "output": [ "Un hombre de 57 a\u00f1os con cirrosis hep\u00e1tica et\u00edlica, en abstinencia de m\u00e1s de 6 a\u00f1os, tiene una funci\u00f3n hep\u00e1tica en grado A de Child, varices esof\u00e1gicas grado II y buena situaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica (ECOG 1). Es diagnosticado de un carcinoma hepatocelular en el l\u00f3bulo hep\u00e1tico derecho, de 8 cm de di\u00e1metro y con trombosis de la rama portal adyacente. El tratamiento m\u00e1s indicado es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d2409a353994ee997810b636d01c0cc", "input": "In the differential diagnosis of a patient with ascites, the sero-ascitic albumin gradient is very important. Which of the following clinical situations is NOT associated with a gradient greater than 1.1 g / dL?", "output": [ "En el diagn\u00f3stico diferencial de un paciente con ascitis, el gradiente seroasc\u00edtico de alb\u00famina es muy importante. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes situaciones cl\u00ednicas NO se asocia a un gradiente mayor de 1,1 g/dL?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f01e8d8b64c74f09aea0ffa9b408bf34", "input": "Given the clinical suspicion of intestinal bacterial overgrowth, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT", "output": [ "Ante la sospecha cl\u00ednica de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano intestinal, todas las siguientes afirmaciones son ciertas EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1a9e72402d6141b5a91c1076fd03a4ec", "input": "About celiac disease, which of the following statements is FALSE?", "output": [ "Acerca de la enfermedad cel\u00edaca, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-865693383e644906afe1ab6b53d9b450", "input": "The chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a disease characterized by", "output": [ "La pseudoobstrucci\u00f3n intestinal cr\u00f3nica es una enfermedad caracterizada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bcf539d05e2b4bcabfad085dfbe938d8", "input": "The most useful serological marker for the diagnosis of type I autoimmune pancreatitis is", "output": [ "El marcador serol\u00f3gico m\u00e1s \u00fatil para el diagn\u00f3stico de una pancreatitis autoinmune tipo I es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d2fd84ee2e18400eb980cecfe9363e61", "input": "64-year-old woman, obese, with intense epigastric pain irradiated in belt, low-grade fever, marked hyperamylasemia, 48% hematocrit and discretely elevated serum creatinine. Abdominal CT shows a pancreas with diffuse enlargement, irregular contour, inflammation around the gland and an accumulation of intrapancreatic fluid. Which of these options is CERTAIN in relation to the management of the patient?", "output": [ "Mujer de 64 a\u00f1os, obesa, con dolor epig\u00e1strico intenso irradiado en cintur\u00f3n, febr\u00edcula, hiperamilasemia marcada, hematocrito del 48% y creatinina s\u00e9rica discretamente elevada. En la TC abdominal se evidencia un p\u00e1ncreas con agrandamiento difuso, contorno irregular, inflamaci\u00f3n alrededor de la gl\u00e1ndula y una acumulaci\u00f3n de l\u00edquido intrapancre\u00e1tica. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas opciones es CIERTA en relaci\u00f3n al manejo de la paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6edeabc4247442d2bb3175f80fb9f240", "input": "A 61-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation who was followed in the endocrinology clinic by a multinodular goiter (BMN) with multiple nodules in both lobes between 2.5 and 3 cm, none with malignancy characteristics in the imaging tests. . In the last review for 6 months refers to dysphagia for solids. In the analytical one it presents a TSH of 0.001 uU / mL (0.47-4.68) and T4-free of 1.62 ng / mL (0.78-2.19). On follow-up ultrasound, a large BMN with intrathoracic component and multiple nodules is described, one of which presents an increase in size from 3 to 4.4 cm with respect to the previous control of a year ago. Aspiration aspiration of said nodule is requested, being the result of cytology compatible with colloid goitre (benign cytology). What is the most correct attitude to follow?", "output": [ "Mujer de 61 a\u00f1os con antecedentes HTA y fibrilaci\u00f3n auricular que es seguida en la consulta de endocrinolog\u00eda por un bocio multinodular (BMN) con m\u00faltiples n\u00f3dulos en ambos l\u00f3bulos de entre 2,5 y 3 cm, ninguno con caracter\u00edsticas de malignidad en las pruebas de imagen. En la \u00faltima revisi\u00f3n refiere desde hace 6 meses disfagia para s\u00f3lidos. En la anal\u00edtica presenta una TSH de 0,001 uU/mL (0,47-4,68) y T4-libre de 1,62 ng/mL (0,78-2,19). En la ecograf\u00eda de seguimiento se describe un BMN grande con componente intrator\u00e1cico y m\u00faltiples n\u00f3dulos, uno de los cuales presenta un aumento de tama\u00f1o de 3 a 4,4 cm con respecto al control previo de hace un a\u00f1o. Se solicita punci\u00f3n aspiraci\u00f3n de dicho n\u00f3dulo siendo el resultado de la citolog\u00eda compatible con bocio coloide (citolog\u00eda benigna). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud m\u00e1s correcta a seguir?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cf6a1932fa8c4b9e8fc5f2c67722e449", "input": "Diabetes mellitus type 1", "output": [ "La diabetes mellitus tipo 1" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da4ecc1225f043a0a5151e3a5292d355", "input": "Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma", "output": [ "El coma hiperglic\u00e9mico hiperosmolar no cet\u00f3sico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c17ccb9450b4d5ab9f34d8a829c4999", "input": "A 60-year-old man who suffered a myocardial infarction 1 year ago. They send it to evaluate their treatment. You are taking gemfibrozil 900 mg, lisinopril 20 mg, aspirin 100 mg and carvedilol 25 mg. In his analyzes he has LDL-C 162 mg / dL, HDL-C 46 mg / dL, triglycerides 132 mg / dL, total cholesterol 220 mg / dL. What therapeutic attitude seems more reasonable?", "output": [ "Hombre de 60 a\u00f1os que sufri\u00f3 un infarto de miocardio hace 1 a\u00f1o. Se lo remiten para valorar su tratamiento. Est\u00e1 tomando gemfibrozilo 900 mg, lisinopril 20 mg, aspirina 100 mg y carvedilol 25 mg. En sus an\u00e1lisis tiene cLDL 162 mg/dL, cHDL 46 mg/dL, triglic\u00e9ridos 132 mg/dL, colesterol total 220 mg/dL. \u00bfQu\u00e9 actitud terap\u00e9utica le parece m\u00e1s razonable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1c65f4d6960647e1837fcc2b7ee713d6", "input": "In a patient diagnosed with acromegaly due to pituitary tumor, operated on and with residual disease, in chronic treatment with somatostatin analogues, it is necessary to systematically screen other tumors as they are associated in almost a third of patients suffering from this disease. Which of the following pathologies is it essential to discard periodically?", "output": [ "Ante un paciente diagnosticado de acromegalia por tumor hipofisario, intervenido y con enfermedad residual, en tratamiento cr\u00f3nico con an\u00e1logos de somatostatina, es necesario hacer despistaje sistem\u00e1tico de otros tumores ya que se asocian en casi un tercio de los pacientes que padecen esta enfermedad. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes patolog\u00edas es imprescindible descartar peri\u00f3dicamente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-940c94aaf5104266ae933e072b3759fc", "input": "A 33-year-old man referred from the digestive consultation. He is diagnosed with hypergastrinemia secondary to pancreatic islet cell tumor and has detected a calcium level of 12.3 mg / dL (normal 8.5-10.5). What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Hombre de 33 a\u00f1os remitido desde la consulta de digestivo. Est\u00e1 diagnosticado de hipergastrinemia secundaria a tumor de c\u00e9lulas de islote pancre\u00e1tico y le han detectado una calcemia de 12,3 mg/dL (normal 8,5-10,5). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d90f684041e426fb20e3762378ea690", "input": "Which of the following is considered a disease due to a lysosomal deposit?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes se considera enfermedad por dep\u00f3sito lisosomal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a67ab6b554b84f3295d987db7c40c24d", "input": "A 43-year-old woman operated on for 6 years of morbid obesity using a biliopancreatic diversion technique. He has lost 75% of the excess weight and maintains an oral diet of 1500 Kcal without any problem in his tolerance. Indicate what supplementation would NOT be necessary in this patient", "output": [ "Mujer de 43 a\u00f1os intervenida hace 6 a\u00f1os de obesidad m\u00f3rbida mediante una t\u00e9cnica de derivaci\u00f3n biliopancre\u00e1tica. Ha perdido un 75% del exceso de peso y mantiene una dieta oral de 1500 Kcal sin ning\u00fan problema en su tolerancia. Se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 suplementaci\u00f3n NO ser\u00eda necesaria en esta paciente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1581fddd5c2d41308e61c503d4566d16", "input": "Does it indicate which of the following statements in reference to factor V of Leiden is true?", "output": [ "\u00bfIndica cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones en referencia al factor V de Leiden es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d7de5266d4e4535aae80432fddd1856", "input": "In which of the following types of leukemia is the use of Imatinib the key therapeutic element for long-term disease control?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de los siguientes tipos de leucemia el uso de Imatinib es el elemento terap\u00e9utico clave para el control de la enfermedad a largo plazo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb04e12af3554fb88e5f28f52ffc247d", "input": "Which of the following parameters is NOT part of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for myelodysplastic syndromes?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes par\u00e1metros NO forma parte del International Prognostic Scoring System - IPSS- para los s\u00edndromes mielodispl\u00e1sicos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52c3bd00f0084c9e8ec60313e492fc5d", "input": "Which of these complications is NOT typical of chronic lymphatic leukemia?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas complicaciones NO es propia de la leucemia linf\u00e1tica cr\u00f3nica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4cfc1c1994fe45468ddc5924a1283b55", "input": "A 47-year-old Afro-Caribbean woman with no history of interest who came to the emergency room for fever, asthenia, malaise, blurred vision and dysesthesia in the left side of the body. Physical examination is normal. In the laboratory, anemia (Hb 9 g / dL), severe thrombocytopenia (platelets 16,000 / \u03bcL), and marked elevation of LDH were observed. Regarding this case, the correct answer is", "output": [ "Mujer afrocaribe\u00f1a de 47 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s que acude a urgencias por fiebre, astenia, malestar general, visi\u00f3n borrosa y disestesias en hemicuerpo izquierdo. La exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica es normal. En la anal\u00edtica destaca anemia (Hb 9 g/dL), trombopenia grave (plaquetas 16.000/\u00b5L), y elevaci\u00f3n marcada de LDH. Respecto a este caso la respuesta correcta es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c08eaecc35d84690a1ac7d0b795ba63e", "input": "Middle-aged man, healthy until he was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, being treated with chemotherapy (CHOP) and anti-CD20 antibodies (Rituximab). He achieved complete remission but after finishing the treatment he presented with prolonged respiratory infections and two admissions for pneumonia. Point out the less useful complementary study to recognize and treat a possible secondary immunodeficiency", "output": [ "Hombre de mediana edad, sano hasta que fue diagnosticado de linfoma no-Hodgkin, siendo tratado con quimioterapia (CHOP) y anticuerpos anti-CD20 (Rituximab). Alcanz\u00f3 remisi\u00f3n completa pero tras finalizar el tratamiento presenta infecciones respiratorias de duraci\u00f3n prolongada y dos ingresos por neumon\u00eda. Se\u00f1ale el estudio complementario menos \u00fatil para reconocer y tratar una posible inmunodeficiencia secundaria" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8da93bb255404b04832d707e5c61d9a8", "input": "A 72-year-old man reported a lumbar pain and asthenia clinic in recent weeks. In the laboratory, Hb was 10 g / dL, VCM 82 fL, ESR 110 mm / h, creatinine 2.5 mg / dL and proteinuria of Kappa light chains of 4.5 g in 24 h urine. In the medullary aspirate, an infiltration of 45% of undifferentiated plasma cells was observed. Which of the following statements is true in relation to the recommended treatment in this patient?", "output": [ "Hombre de 72 a\u00f1os de edad que refiere cl\u00ednica de dolor lumbar y astenia en las \u00faltimas semanas. En la anal\u00edtica se objetiva Hb de 10 g/dL, VCM 82 fL, VSG 110 mm/h, creatinina de 2,5 mg/dL y proteinuria de cadenas ligeras Kappa de 4,5 g en orina de 24 h. En el aspirado medular se observ\u00f3 una infiltraci\u00f3n del 45% de c\u00e9lulas plasm\u00e1ticas indiferenciadas. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta en relaci\u00f3n con el tratamiento recomendado en este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0ba0b514cc28425b8aadbcbd434fe728", "input": "A patient went to his doctor for purulent appearance morning urethral discharge for about 2 weeks. At the time it is treated, there is no secretion and the patient refuses to have any intraurethral sample taken. Which of the following treatments do you consider most appropriate?", "output": [ "Un paciente acude a su m\u00e9dico por presentar secreci\u00f3n matinal uretral de aspecto purulento desde hace unas 2 semanas. En el momento que lo atiende no tiene secreci\u00f3n y el paciente se niega a que se le tome ninguna muestra intrauretral. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes tratamientos considera m\u00e1s adecuado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-629e32ba93cb4a97846260f3abdcbd8f", "input": "In the presence of a patient with neutropenic fever after chemotherapy for leukemia, with suspicion of invasive aspergillosis, which of the following tests is considered the most cost-effective?", "output": [ "Ante un paciente con fiebre neutrop\u00e9nica tras quimioterapia por leucemia, con sospecha de aspergilosis invasiva, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes pruebas es considerada la m\u00e1s rentable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2923f27a3f0e489c817b6a15ee771789", "input": "Point out the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA " ] }, { "id": "task1432-6367ecde922a442ba047f6b28f152665", "input": "A 75-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control in recent years. It has proliferative retinopathy and microalbuminuria as signs of involvement of the target organs. Consultation 3 weeks ago in the Emergency Service for otalgia and otorrhea. He was prescribed ciprofloxacin topically. Today it comes again due to an increase in local pain and paralysis of the VII ipsilateral cranial nerve. Examination of the external auditory canal shows granulation tissue. A cranial CT is performed and bone destruction is observed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe boulder suggestive of osteomyelitis. Which of the following statements is false?", "output": [ "Paciente de 75 a\u00f1os afecto de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con mal control de la glucemia en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os. Tiene retinopat\u00eda proliferativa y microalbuminuria como signos de afectaci\u00f3n de los \u00f3rganos diana. Consulta hace 3 semanas en el Servicio de Urgencias por otalgia y otorrea. Le prescribieron ciprofloxacino por v\u00eda t\u00f3pica. Hoy acude nuevamente por aumento del dolor local y par\u00e1lisis del VII par craneal ipsilateral. En la exploraci\u00f3n del conducto auditivo externo se observa tejido de granulaci\u00f3n. Se realiza una TC craneal y se observa destrucci\u00f3n \u00f3sea en la zona del pe\u00f1asco sugestiva de osteomielitis. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9f3725741a7d4cb08a7eec2d24d021be", "input": "Which is the most active antimicrobial agent in endocarditis and bacteraemia due to oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el antimicrobiano m\u00e1s activo en la endocarditis y bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a oxacilina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e3746b809d17420c851a22de55eca4d8", "input": "One of the following pathogens transmitted by ticks can be confused with malaria, given the clinical characteristics with which it usually occurs, which includes fever and hemolysis, as well as its appearance in the microscopic study of blood smears stained with Giemsa. Which of the following corresponds to the pathogen described?", "output": [ "Uno de los siguientes pat\u00f3genos trasmitidos por garrapatas se puede confundir con una malaria, dadas las caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas con que suele cursar, que incluye fiebre y hemolisis, as\u00ed como por su aspecto en el estudio microsc\u00f3pico de frotis de sangre te\u00f1ido con Giemsa. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes corresponde al pat\u00f3geno descrito?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-011a7ac8ca264999821d323df888c191", "input": "Which of the following constitutes an advantage of the gamma interferon (IGRA) release assays against the tuberculin skin test in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes constituye una ventaja de los ensayos de liberaci\u00f3n de gamma interfer\u00f3n (IGRA) frente a la prueba cut\u00e1nea de la tuberculina en el diagn\u00f3stico de infecci\u00f3n tuberculosa latente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-21cbca32b2d04ea29801cb9a608fff2b", "input": "An HIV positive patient returns from Guatemala with watery diarrhea without pathological products and without other symptoms. In the Kinyoun stain of the feces, red oval structures of about 9 microns in diameter are observed. Most likely, it is about", "output": [ "Un paciente VIH positivo regresa de Guatemala con diarrea acuosa sin productos patol\u00f3gicos y sin otra sintomatolog\u00eda. En la tinci\u00f3n de Kinyoun de las heces se observan unas estructuras de color rojo ovalado de unas 9 micras de di\u00e1metro. Lo m\u00e1s probable es que se trate de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ba6f4525d8b49e29d505a0bb301d86f", "input": "To what family does the causal agent of molluscum contagiosum belong?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 familia pertenece el agente causal del molusco contagioso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b7cd3e58c5bd472ca9aeadf212227f80", "input": "Ludwig's angina is", "output": [ "La angina de Ludwig es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ceec5107ec64a00a6518d32375407a7", "input": "In a person who suffers a facial trauma, it is FALSE that it may appear", "output": [ "En una persona que sufre un traumatismo facial, es FALSO que pueda aparecer" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0015f43ea27b414ea18dec076b34962e", "input": "The otolithic replacement maneuvers are the appropriate treatment for patients suffering", "output": [ "Las maniobras de reposici\u00f3n otol\u00edtica son el tratamiento adecuado para pacientes que padecen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-59aea26b2e304363bff50090b69bb961", "input": "A 45-year-old man attended the clinic for presenting intermittent malodorous otorrhea of \u200b\u200bthe right ear for four years. The otomicroscopic examination shows a small atical perforation without other accompanying lesions. The audiometry reveals a moderate transmissible hearing loss. In a previous CT an occupation of the middle ear is observed by soft tissue density material, as well as a solution of bone continuity of the tympanic box roof, at the level of the middle cranial fossa. Given this situation, which one considers the most appropriate option?", "output": [ "Hombre de 45 a\u00f1os de edad que acude a consulta por presentar otorrea f\u00e9tida intermitente de o\u00eddo derecho de cuatro a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n. La exploraci\u00f3n otomicrosc\u00f3pica objetiva una perforaci\u00f3n atical de peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o sin otras lesiones acompa\u00f1antes. La audiometr\u00eda revela una hipoacusia transmisiva moderada. En una TC previa se observa una ocupaci\u00f3n del o\u00eddo medio por material de densidad de tejidos blandos, as\u00ed como una soluci\u00f3n de continuidad \u00f3sea del techo de la caja timp\u00e1nica, a la altura de la fosa craneal media. Ante esta situaci\u00f3n, \u00bfcu\u00e1l considera la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s adecuada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-336ca1fd551f42ecaa15fa0f8fbce7f0", "input": "Man of 55 years, smoker of 1 package a day from youth. He presented dysphonia of 3 months of evolution and a month ago a stony laterocervical mass and some breathing difficulty with moderate efforts. Point out the most likely diagnosis", "output": [ "Hombre de 55 a\u00f1os, fumador de 1 paquete diario desde la juventud. Presenta disfon\u00eda de 3 meses de evoluci\u00f3n y desde hace un mes una masa laterocervical p\u00e9trea y cierta dificultad respiratoria con esfuerzos moderados. Se\u00f1ale el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable" ] }, { "id": "task1432-364a12c06a8b464ca0190114c5d74d15", "input": "Which of the following statements is true in relation to the different phases of clinical trials ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes frases es cierta en relaci\u00f3n con las distintas fases de ensayos cl\u00ednicos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a07cea20e322465cb066dd9c397e6586", "input": "In a phase III study aimed at confirming the bacteriological efficacy of a new antibiotic for the treatment of patients with severe acute pyelonephritis, which of the following clinical trial designs do you consider most appropriate ?", "output": [ "En un estudio de fase III destinado a confirmar la eficacia bacteriol\u00f3gica de un nuevo antibi\u00f3tico para el tratamiento de pacientes con pielonefritis aguda grave, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes dise\u00f1os de ensayo cl\u00ednico le parece m\u00e1s apropiado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3a3187ccbfc944da8cca45a452ad01dc", "input": "The NNT or number of patients who must receive treatment to get one of them to present the event of interest is obtained", "output": [ "El NNT o n\u00famero de pacientes que deben recibir tratamiento para conseguir que uno de ellos presente el acontecimiento de inter\u00e9s se obtiene" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e7d38db51c434059a40b9f36007c80b4", "input": "The Bilbao International Vaccination Center intends to conduct a study to determine if the incidence and characteristics of the adverse effects that appear in its travelers after the administration of the vaccine against yellow fever correspond to the evidence available in the literature. What kind of study is it?", "output": [ "En el Centro de Vacunaci\u00f3n Internacional de Bilbao se pretende realizar un estudio para determinar si la incidencia y caracter\u00edsticas de los efectos adversos que aparecen en sus viajeros tras la administraci\u00f3n de la vacuna frente a la fiebre amarilla se corresponden con las evidencias disponibles en la literatura. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 tipo de estudio se trata?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0241330b2c9d46398c23d57629d62ee5", "input": "The epidemiological study design that best fits the evaluation of the association between a rare adverse reaction and a frequently used pharmacological treatment is", "output": [ "El dise\u00f1o de estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico que mejor se ajusta a la evaluaci\u00f3n de la asociaci\u00f3n entre una reacci\u00f3n adversa poco frecuente y un tratamiento farmacol\u00f3gico frecuentemente utilizado es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f07d15c840694aeab6fd0f006a6fd776", "input": "The thickness of the subcutaneous fat fold at the triceps level is sometimes used to evaluate the amount of body fat. This variable is not normally distributed in the populations. We want to compare the mean value of this variable in two populations that we assume have different nutritional status. The most appropriate statistical test to test the hypothesis is", "output": [ "El grosor del pliegue subcut\u00e1neo de grasa a nivel del tr\u00edceps se utiliza a veces para evaluar la cantidad de grasa corporal. Esta variable no se distribuye normalmente en las poblaciones. Queremos comparar el valor medio de esta variable en dos poblaciones que suponemos presentan distinta condici\u00f3n nutricional. La prueba estad\u00edstica m\u00e1s adecuada para contrastar la hip\u00f3tesis es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd022274584048048038acd872934c8c", "input": "The effectiveness of three treatments for acne reduction is measured by the number of lesions that disappear. Each treatment is applied to a group of volunteers and the results are compared. The most appropriate statistical test to evaluate the differences between groups is", "output": [ "La eficacia de tres tratamientos para la reducci\u00f3n del acn\u00e9 se mide mediante el n\u00famero de lesiones que desaparecen. Se aplica cada tratamiento a un grupo de voluntarios y se comparan los resultados. La prueba estad\u00edstica m\u00e1s apropiada para evaluar las diferencias entre grupos es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6fa4c97119374677b7e1b3de56ee39f7", "input": "One study compared the treatment of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis with a new antirheumatic drug versus standard methotrexate treatment. The incremental cost of the new antirheumatic drug was 28,000 euros for each additional life-adjusted quality year (QALY) gained with respect to methotrexate. Indicate what type of pharmacoeconomic analysis was performed", "output": [ "En un estudio se compar\u00f3 el tratamiento de pacientes diagnosticados de artritis reumatoide con un nuevo f\u00e1rmaco antirreum\u00e1tico frente al tratamiento est\u00e1ndar con metotrexato. El coste incremental del nuevo f\u00e1rmaco antirreum\u00e1tico fue de 28.000 euros por cada a\u00f1o de vida ajustado por calidad (AVAC) adicional ganado con respecto a metotrexato. Indique qu\u00e9 tipo de an\u00e1lisis farmacoecon\u00f3mico se realiz\u00f3" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a17794ecee5d4806909fc3df91e5062f", "input": "What type of economic analysis is used if we compare a generic medicine with the reference medicine ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de an\u00e1lisis econ\u00f3mico se utiliza si comparamos un medicamento gen\u00e9rico con el medicamento de referencia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-084d6f484b05445d9e5a1b658cd9b99a", "input": "The mechanism by which the Spanish public health system decides the price to pay for a certain group of medicines that it considers totally or partially interchangeable from the therapeutic point of view is called", "output": [ "El mecanismo por el que el sistema sanitario p\u00fablico espa\u00f1ol decide el precio a pagar por un determinado grupo de medicamentos que considera total o parcialmente intercambiables desde el punto de vista terap\u00e9utico se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6872adfb75d2451bb0005f2a4dec7ac9", "input": "A health professional, not vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is accidentally punctured with a needle with blood from a patient with chronic infection with the virus. Which of the following actions to perform, in the shortest possible time, on the healthcare professional is correct ?", "output": [ "Un profesional sanitario, no vacunado frente al Virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), se pincha accidentalmente con una aguja con sangre de un paciente con infecci\u00f3n cr\u00f3nica por dicho virus. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actuaciones a realizar, en el m\u00e1s breve espacio de tiempo posible, sobre el profesional sanitario es la correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-916c5aab443942d0b93ed89dab67c99b", "input": "A pathognomonic sign assumes", "output": [ "Un signo patognom\u00f3nico supone" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eeaaa4d137c2494eb4568f69a07f0d57", "input": "In a population we want to determine the prevalence of pediculosis in children under 12 years of age. To do this, the population is divided into neighborhoods and in each of them a random sample is taken whose ideal size has been previously determined. The type of sampling used was", "output": [ "En una poblaci\u00f3n se quiere determinar la prevalencia de pediculosis en ni\u00f1os menores de 12 a\u00f1os. Para ello se divide la poblaci\u00f3n en barrios y en cada uno de ellos se toma una muestra aleatoria cuyo tama\u00f1o id\u00f3neo ha sido previamente determinado. El tipo de muestreo utilizado ha sido" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8be07f27302b4213a934791772cd7a88", "input": "It is desired to know the degree of association that exists between the metabolic syndrome and the vitamin D deficit in the general population. To do this, a sample of a health center is selected from among patients older than 18 years of age, they are scheduled and at the visit a clinical examination is performed to determine if they meet the metabolic syndrome criteria and blood is drawn to measure the concentrations Serum levels of 25 hidoxivitamin D. What is the design of this study ?", "output": [ "Se desea conocer el grado de asociaci\u00f3n que existe entre el s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico y el d\u00e9ficit de vitamina D en la poblaci\u00f3n general. Para ello se selecciona una muestra de un centro de salud entre los pacientes mayores de 18 a\u00f1os, se les cita y en la visita se les hace un ex\u00e1men cl\u00ednico para determinar si cumplen los criterios de s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico y se les extrae sangre para medir las concentraciones s\u00e9ricas de 25 hidoxivitamina D. \u00bfCual es el dise\u00f1o de este estudio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-30e3250239e24baab786c196a1b262d2", "input": "One study aims to evaluate the association between exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and myocardial infarction. To this end, NSAID exposure will be compared among patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction during the next 2 years in a cohort of patients from the Community of Madrid against NSAID exposure in a larger control group without myocardial infarction and that will be sampled from the same cohort. What kind of study is it?", "output": [ "Un estudio pretende evaluar la asociaci\u00f3n entre la exposici\u00f3n a antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) e infarto de miocardio. Para ello se comparar\u00e1 la exposici\u00f3n a AINE entre los pacientes que sean diagnosticados de infarto de miocardio durante los 2 pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os en una cohorte de pacientes de la Comunidad de Madrid frente a la exposici\u00f3n a AINE en un grupo control m\u00e1s numeroso sin infarto de miocardio y que se muestrear\u00e1 de la misma cohorte. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 tipo de estudio se trata?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e115cfe681274f9e85495d1b61ad27a5", "input": "Which of the following types of study would be the one of choice to study the association between the appearance of a very rare and delayed serious adverse reaction, and the consumption of a certain drug?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes tipos de estudio ser\u00eda el de elecci\u00f3n para estudiar la asociaci\u00f3n entre la aparici\u00f3n de una reacci\u00f3n adversa grave muy poco frecuente y tard\u00eda, y el consumo de un determinado medicamento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-73843b75d06143798550486c05ac356e", "input": "In a cohort study comparing a group of subjects with hypertension and a group of subjects with normal blood pressure, an annual incidence of acute myocardial infarction of 15 per thousand and 5 per thousand, respectively, is obtained. Assuming there are no biases or confounding factors, what would be the risk of acute myocardial infarction attributable to hypertension among hypertensive subjects ?", "output": [ "En un estudio de cohortes en el que se compara un grupo de sujetos con hipertensi\u00f3n arterial y un grupo de sujetos con presi\u00f3n arterial normal, se obtiene un incidencia anual de infarto agudo de miocardio de 15 por mil y de 5 por mil, respectivamente. Asumiendo que no hay sesgos ni factores de confusi\u00f3n, \u00bfcual ser\u00eda el riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio atribuible a la hipertensi\u00f3n entre los sujetos hipertensos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c7da3108baf472a97a32fc1b42e266e", "input": "A 50-year-old patient was admitted for the study of nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy was performed with the following findings uniform and diffuse thickening of the wall of the glomerular capillaries. Spicules (spikes) are observed with silver staining and immunofluorescence shows deposits of IgG and C3 along the capillary wall. In serum, circulating autoantibodies against the M-type receptor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2R) are detected. The entity causing the nephrotic syndrome in this patient is", "output": [ "Paciente de 50 a\u00f1os de edad ingresado para estudio de s\u00edndrome nefr\u00f3tico. Se realiza biopsia renal con los siguientes hallazgos engrosamiento uniforme y difuso de la pared de los capilares glomerulares. Con la tinci\u00f3n de plata se observan esp\u00edculas (spikes) y la inmunofluorescencia muestra dep\u00f3sitos de IgG y C3 a lo largo de la pared capilar. En suero se detectan autoanticuerpos circulantes contra el receptor tipo M de la fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2R). La entidad causante del s\u00edndrome nefr\u00f3tico en este paciente es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9511caa63fef4550b464d6aa75d70527", "input": "A 61-year-old woman presents with a febrile picture of three weeks of evolution, being diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. During the aforementioned time, he had received treatment with oral amoxicillin. The elevation of the temperature partially remitted. A few days before admission, fever increased again, accompanied by oliguria, a plasma creatinine level of 4 mg / dL and macroscopic hematuria as well as non-nephrotic proteinuria. In the sediment there were 80% dysmorphic red blood cells and some eosinophils. Plasma C3 and C4 levels were normal. The picture finally reverted, leaving a glomerular filtration rate of 80 mL / min. Which diagnosis among the following is more likely?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 61 a\u00f1os acude con un cuadro febril de tres semanas de evoluci\u00f3n, siendo diagnosticada de toxoplasmosis. Durante el tiempo referido hab\u00eda recibido tratamiento con amoxicilina oral. La elevaci\u00f3n de la temperatura remiti\u00f3 parcialmente. Unos d\u00edas antes del ingreso volvi\u00f3 a incrementarse la fiebre, acompa\u00f1ada de oliguria, un nivel de creatinina plasm\u00e1tica de 4 mg/dL y hematuria macrosc\u00f3pica as\u00ed como proteinuria en rango no nefr\u00f3tico. En el sedimento hab\u00eda un 80% de hemat\u00edes dism\u00f3rficos y algunos eosin\u00f3filos. Los niveles de C3 y C4 plasm\u00e1ticos eran normales. El cuadro revirti\u00f3 finalmente dejando una filtraci\u00f3n glomerular de 80 mL/min. \u00bfQu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico entre los siguientes es m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7ef62c597594b28af8e61012d5eb7ee", "input": "Which of the following is a mechanism of progression of chronic kidney disease regardless of its etiology?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un mecanismo de progresi\u00f3n de la enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica independientemente de su etiolog\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-78728904ddc64bbf80d31b566aec7fe3", "input": "An obese patient, on antiaggregant treatment with acetylsalicylic acid for a previous episode of stroke, with poorly controlled hypertension has creatinine of 6 mg / dL and potassium of 5.8 mEq / L. Your doctor tells you an ultrasound that shows small size kidneys and poor corticomedullary differentiation. The nephrologist decides to refer the patient to the pre-dialysis consultation without performing a renal biopsy. All of the following are arguments for refusing renal biopsy EXCEPT one. Point it out", "output": [ "Una paciente obesa, en tratamiento antiagregante con \u00e1cido acetilsalic\u00edlico por un episodio de ACV previo, con HTA mal controlada presenta creatinina de 6 mg/dL y potasio de 5,8 mEq/L. Su m\u00e9dico le indica una ecograf\u00eda en la que se aprecian ri\u00f1ones de peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o y mala diferenciaci\u00f3n corticomedular. El nefr\u00f3logo decide remitir a la paciente a la consulta de predi\u00e1lisis sin realizar una biopsia renal. Todos los siguientes son argumentos para rechazar la biopsia renal EXCEPTO uno. Se\u00f1\u00e1lelo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-68afe6bf52024dd5abddbe6fa550994a", "input": "A 65-year-old obese, hypertensive woman with diabetic nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate of 38 mL / min / 1.73 m2 and 420 mg albuminuria in 24-hour urine). Which of the following is NOT a factor in the progression of nephropathy?", "output": [ "Mujer de 65 a\u00f1os de edad obesa, hipertensa y con nefropat\u00eda diab\u00e9tica (filtrado glomerular estimado de 38 mL/min/1,73 m2 y albuminuria de 420 mg en orina de 24 h). \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes NO es un factor de progresi\u00f3n de la nefropat\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-077e70adf902411b9d7255a886b935e4", "input": "A 72-year-old patient was seen in the ER one month earlier due to accidental fall and knee trauma. Check again for bilateral lumbar pain and dark urine for a week. BACKGROUND HTA, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity and gonarthrosis. Continue treatment with enalapril / hydrochlorothiazide 20 / 12.5 mg / day, naproxen on demand, atorvastatin 20 mg / day and metformin 850 mg / day. In the emergency analysis, the following stand out moderate microcytic anemia, uric acid 9.5 mg / dL; CPK 45 U / L; creatinine 1.9 mg / dL; urea 75 mg / dL; Na 138 mEq / L; K 5.6 mEq / L. In urine microhematuria ++, proteinuria - and very abundant desquamative cells. No bacteria are observed. In the previous visit to the Emergency Room 1 month ago, all the parameters were normal. An urgent ultrasound is reported as possible bilateral papillary necrosis. What could be the current picture?", "output": [ "Una paciente de 72 a\u00f1os fue vista en Urgencias un mes antes por ca\u00edda casual y traumatismo de rodilla. Consulta de nuevo por dolor lumbar bilateral y orinas oscuras desde hace una semana. Como antecedentes destacan HTA, diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente, dislipemia, obesidad y gonartrosis. Sigue tratamiento con enalapril/hidroclorotiazida 20/12,5 mg/d\u00eda, naproxeno a demanda, atorvastatina 20 mg/d\u00eda y metformina 850 mg/d\u00eda. En la anal\u00edtica de urgencia destaca anemia microc\u00edtica moderada, \u00e1cido \u00farico 9,5 mg/dL; CPK 45 U/L; creatinina 1,9 mg/dL; urea 75 mg/dL; Na 138 mEq/L; K 5,6 mEq/L. En la orina microhematuria ++, proteinuria - y muy abundantes c\u00e9lulas descamativas. No se observan bacterias. En la visita anterior a Urgencias hace 1 mes, todos los par\u00e1metros eran normales. Una ecograf\u00eda urgente es informada como posible necrosis papilar bilateral. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 puede deberse el cuadro actual?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1caed825f8df484f88b92182158042b5", "input": "Point out the correct answer regarding the essential criteria to be able to carry out a cadaveric kidney transplant", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta respecto a los criterios imprescindibles para poder realizar un trasplante renal de donante cad\u00e1ver" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a61bad6a1a0f4055995f5416392a09fd", "input": "What is the main contraindication for the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la principal contraindicaci\u00f3n para el uso de los inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa 5 en el tratamiento de la disfunci\u00f3n er\u00e9ctil?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-128a85b6239f4818962a9df39a284c01", "input": "A 57-year-old man comes to his office seeking information about the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to prostate growth. You have to give him advice about it. Which of the following messages is true?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 57 a\u00f1os acude a su consulta buscando informaci\u00f3n sobre el tratamiento quir\u00fargico de los s\u00edntomas del tracto urinario inferior secundarios a crecimiento prost\u00e1tico. Usted tiene que proporcionarle consejo al respecto. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes mensajes es cierto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4bc3438b71df4bd782bfc8d78dd5b943", "input": "Which of the following nephropathies does NOT have a definite hereditary cause?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes nefropat\u00edas NO tiene una causa hereditaria definida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8c13123e5a4c4022b8c8ffdb26a62d19", "input": "A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with arterial hypertension treated with amlodipine 10 mg / day and osteoporosis established on denosumab 60 mg sc every 6 months. Consultation by a clinic of 4 months of evolution, consisting of general syndrome, fever of 38\u00baC and continuous pain in the right lumbar fossa. The examination shows a positive renal fist. An analytical sample showing leukocytes 14,000 / mm3 without left deviation is requested, with Hb 9 g / dL and a VSG of 82 mm at the first hour. The urinary sediment presents leukocyturia and the urine cytology shows abundant macrophages with a foamy appearance. Point out the most likely diagnosis", "output": [ "Mujer de 62 a\u00f1os, diagnosticada de hipertensi\u00f3n arterial en tratamiento con amlodipino 10 mg/d\u00eda y osteoporosis establecida en tratamiento con denosumab 60 mg sc cada 6 meses. Consulta por una cl\u00ednica de 4 meses de evoluci\u00f3n, consistente en s\u00edndrome general, fiebre de 38\u00baC y dolor continuo en fosa lumbar derecha. La exploraci\u00f3n muestra una pu\u00f1opercusi\u00f3n renal positiva. Se solicita una anal\u00edtica que muestra leucocitos 14.000/mm3 sin desviaci\u00f3n izquierda, con Hb 9 g/dL y una VSG de 82 mm a la primera hora. El sedimento urinario presenta leucocituria y la citolog\u00eda de la orina muestra muestra abundantes macr\u00f3fagos con aspecto espumoso. Se\u00f1ale el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8558dd78d82d456b984968ca0a781a7e", "input": "In a patient who presents with an asthma attack, which of the following findings is the one that indicates worse evolution?", "output": [ "En un paciente que acude con una crisis asm\u00e1tica, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes hallazgos es el que indica peor evoluci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-290c584b7eff40b4a9a5b37500d3b48b", "input": "Among the following clinical situations described, indicate which one does NOT require a thoracic drainage as the treatment of choice", "output": [ "Entre las siguientes situaciones cl\u00ednicas descritas, indique cu\u00e1l de ellas NO requiere un drenaje tor\u00e1cico como tratamiento de elecci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b8f7272bf92d4557879a7564462cc376", "input": "One of the following interventions has NOT been shown to influence the evolution of patients with COPD", "output": [ "Una de las siguientes intervenciones NO ha demostrado influir en la evoluci\u00f3n de los pacientes con EPOC" ] }, { "id": "task1432-861a53b034234047a54fa440d9863b7b", "input": "In the study of a patient with dyspnea, arterial blood gas analysis is performed. In this examination, a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of 54 mmHg, a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 65 mmHg and an alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of 14. In view of these results, which of The following diagnoses is more likely?", "output": [ "En el estudio de un paciente con disnea se realiza una gasometr\u00eda arterial basal. En dicha exploraci\u00f3n se observa una presi\u00f3n parcial de ox\u00edgeno (PaO2) de 54 mmHg, una presi\u00f3n parcial de anh\u00eddrido carb\u00f3nico (PaCO2) de 65 mmHg y un gradiente alveolo-arterial de ox\u00edgeno de 14. A la vista de estos resultados, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes diagn\u00f3sticos es m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cc8c990239914f4d815799bd3f550438", "input": "The histological pattern of interstitial disease most frequently associated with connective tissue diseases is", "output": [ "El patr\u00f3n histol\u00f3gico de enfermedad intersticial m\u00e1s frecuentemente asociado a conectivopat\u00edas es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-10371a46b25b4f33b680ba69e4fd32aa", "input": "A 45-year-old woman diagnosed with follicular lymphoma and undergoing treatment with polychemotherapy (R-CHOP). Enter for pleuritic pain on the left side. The chest radiograph shows a moderate amount of pleural effusion and thoracocentesis shows a serohemorrhagic exudate with 12,000 leukocytes / uL with predominance of neutrophils and absence of mesothelial cells. Ziehl staining and mycobacterial culture were negative and adenosine deaminase in pleural fluid was slightly elevated. Of the following, what would be the most cost-effective diagnostic test?", "output": [ "Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os diagnosticada de linfoma folicular y en tratamiento con poliquimioterapia (R-CHOP). Ingresa por dolor pleur\u00edtico en costado izquierdo. En la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax se evidencia un derrame pleural de moderada cuant\u00eda y en la toracocentesis se comprueba un exudado serohemorr\u00e1gico con 12.000 leucocitos/uL con predominio de neutr\u00f3filos y ausencia de c\u00e9lulas mesoteliates. La tinci\u00f3n de Ziehl y el cultivo de micobacterias fueron negativos y la adenosindeaminasa en l\u00edquido pleural estaba ligeramente elevada. De las siguientes, \u00bfcu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la prueba diagn\u00f3stica m\u00e1s rentable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d7df5dd998b4d8a864d57aaeea66388", "input": "If when we explore a patient with asthenia and respiratory insufficiency we discover the existence of acropachies in the fingers, we could suggest the diagnosis of any of the following clinical entities, except one. Which one?", "output": [ "Si cuando exploramos a un paciente con astenia e insuficiencia respiratoria descubrimos la existencia de acropaquias en los dedos de las manos, nos podr\u00eda sugerir el diagn\u00f3stico de cualquiera de las siguientes entidades cl\u00ednicas, salvo una. \u00bfCu\u00e1l?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf7c8975bc3641c9914ebab6a3625e64", "input": "A 35-year-old woman is studied due to episodes of left periocular pain associated with nasal congestion, lacrimation and ipsilateral conjunctival injection. Each crisis lasts approximately 15 minutes and is repeated around 6 times a day. The seizures have not responded to treatment with paracetamol. Neurological examination and cranial MRI are normal. Which of the following is a classic manifestation of this patient's disorder?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 35 a\u00f1os de edad es estudiada debido a episodios de dolor periocular izquierdo asociado a congesti\u00f3n nasal, lagrimeo e inyecci\u00f3n conjuntival homolaterales. Cada crisis dura aproximadamente 15 minutos y se repite en torno a 6 veces al d\u00eda. Las crisis no han respondido a tratamiento con paracetamol. La exploraci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3gica y la RM craneal son normales. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una manifestaci\u00f3n cl\u00e1sica del trastorno de esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5dc00d1299e441a9b5c1496c71fb1d9c", "input": "A 22-year-old patient consulted for a decrease in painful visual acuity in the left eye. It is diagnosed of optic neuritis. Indicate which of the following findings would allow a diagnosis of definitive multiple sclerosis in this patient", "output": [ "Una paciente de 22 a\u00f1os consulta por disminuci\u00f3n de agudeza visual dolorosa en ojo izquierdo. Se diagnostica de neuritis \u00f3ptica. Indique qu\u00e9 hallazgo de los siguientes permitir\u00eda hacer un diagn\u00f3stico de esclerosis m\u00faltiple definitiva en esta paciente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c468c2bf51544e7a5e50db7e041c76c", "input": "A 15-year-old boy goes to the neurologist, referring in the previous months to morning jolts in both arms without affecting the level of consciousness. In addition, their parents report episodes of disconnection with a fixed gaze and oral automatisms practically every day. In the previous days, he presented a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in a context of sleep deprivation and alcohol intake. There is a family history of a similar process. Which of the following processes would you suspect in the first place?", "output": [ "Un joven de 15 a\u00f1os acude al neur\u00f3logo refiriendo en los meses previos sacudidas matutinas en ambos brazos sin afectaci\u00f3n del nivel de conciencia. Adem\u00e1s, sus padres refieren episodios de desconexi\u00f3n con mirada fija y automatismos orales pr\u00e1cticamente a diario. En los d\u00edas previos ha presentado una crisis t\u00f3nicocl\u00f3nica generalizada en un contexto de privaci\u00f3n de sue\u00f1o e ingesta alcoh\u00f3lica. Existen antecedentes familiares de un proceso similar. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes procesos sospechar\u00eda en primer lugar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c4155e28ec1f4d9c8234dd01ed3c97f6", "input": "Which of the following diseases does NOT present as an acineto-rigid syndrome?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades NO se presenta como un s\u00edndrome acineto-r\u00edgido?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-23a0c3f9cca4425ab1187a89be5753a2", "input": "In what situations would NOT surgery be indicated to treat a cerebral hemorrhage?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 situaciones NO estar\u00eda indicada una intervenci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica para tratar una hemorragia cerebral?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c479221afcde4bf4b40718d86ba284f0", "input": "A 60-year-old man presents a picture of rapidly progressive dementia, rigidity, ataxia, myoclonus, which persists during sleep and high voltage discharges in the EEG. What alteration, among the following, is what we can find in the LCR?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 60 a\u00f1os de edad presenta un cuadro de demencia r\u00e1pidamente progresiva, rigidez, ataxia, mioclonias, que persisten durante el sue\u00f1o y descargas de alto voltaje en el EEG. \u00bfQu\u00e9 alteraci\u00f3n, entre las siguientes, es la que podremos encontrar en el LCR?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ca4e2783346946b5821a8504daa7e37b", "input": "On type I myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease), point out the INCORRECT statement", "output": [ "Sobre la distrofia miot\u00f3nica tipo I (enfermedad de Steinert), se\u00f1ale la afirmaci\u00f3n INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e62434414f4144b395f130f19376d0c6", "input": "What is the name of the movement disorder characterized by simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles, which induces postural changes and abnormal movements?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina el trastorno del movimiento caracterizado por contracci\u00f3n simult\u00e1nea de m\u00fasculos agonistas y antagonistas, que induce cambios de postura y movimientos anormales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-780db285b55a4a05a96412de0644cf76", "input": "A 43-year-old woman has been diagnosed by ultrasound with an intramural uterine myoma of 4 cm. Has two children. Her menstruations are of type 4-5 / 28-30, of a somewhat abundant amount, without clots and without pain. It does not have other symptoms. What would you recommend?", "output": [ "A una mujer de 43 a\u00f1os se le ha diagnosticado por ecograf\u00eda un mioma uterino intramural de 4 cm. Tiene dos hijos. Sus menstruaciones son de tipo 4-5/28-30, de cantidad algo abundante, sin co\u00e1gulos y sin dolor. No tiene otros s\u00edntomas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 le recomendar\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f6ddf7f24559436a8fb521cf378689ba", "input": "A 31-year-old woman who comes to the clinic for 5 days of abundant rules for 2 years. His last rule was 8 days ago. In the initial assessment and when performing a vaginal ultrasound, a rounded, well-defined, homogenous and hypoechoic formation of 25 mm is evidenced in the endometrial cavity. What would be the pattern to follow?", "output": [ "Mujer de 31 a\u00f1os que acude a la consulta por reglas abundantes de 5 d\u00edas de duraci\u00f3n desde hace 2 a\u00f1os. Su \u00faltima regla fue hace 8 d\u00edas. En la valoraci\u00f3n inicial y al realizar ecograf\u00eda vaginal, se evidencia en la cavidad endometrial una formaci\u00f3n redondeada, de bordes bien definidos, homog\u00e9nea e hipoecog\u00e9nica de 25 mm. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la pauta a seguir?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-17cbe9949e2646f2958bb7e0c4562ce5", "input": "For the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (Consensus Group, Rotterdam), 2 out of 3 established criteria must be met. What is NOT a diagnostic criterion?", "output": [ "Para el diagn\u00f3stico del s\u00edndrome de ovario poliqu\u00edstico (Grupo de Consenso, Rotterdam), se deben cumplir 2 de 3 criterios establecidos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l NO es un criterio diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2092fc874b354262aab50b35caa77cc2", "input": "The most frequent cause of vesicovaginal fistulas is", "output": [ "La causa m\u00e1s frecuente de f\u00edstulas vesicovaginales es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a095fe25e6d846e2991afba7f77dd56b", "input": "In a pregnant woman in which the pregnancy has passed normally and in the 42 weeks plus one day, the cardiotocographic record is non-reactive. Which of the following behaviors is recommended?", "output": [ "En una gestante en la que el embarazo ha trascurrido con normalidad y en la 42 semana m\u00e1s un d\u00eda, el registro cardiotocogr\u00e1fico es no reactivo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes conductas es la aconsejada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-37aa6c8a7e374e40b25f442a8f954d57", "input": "A 33-year-old patient with no history of interest who attended his clinic referring to 3 spontaneous abortions resolved by curettage in the last year and a half. Which of the following tests would NOT you consider of first election in the study of said pair?", "output": [ "Paciente de 33 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s que acude a su consulta refiriendo 3 abortos espont\u00e1neos resueltos mediante legrado en el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o y medio. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes pruebas NO considerar\u00eda de primera elecci\u00f3n en el estudio de dicha pareja?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-28318aaa06aa4f33b329effd2e081a06", "input": "A 32-week-old minor who goes to the emergency room for vaginal bleeding. Although she does not provide any report of control of her pregnancy, she refers the antecedent of a previous delivery by caesarean section. Upon speculum examination, red blood is seen through the external cervical os. The patient does not report abdominal pain. The cardiotocographic record confirms the absence of contractions and the normality of the fetal heart rate. The blood count is normal. What is the next step?", "output": [ "Secundigesta de 32 semanas que acude a urgencias por hemorragia vaginal. Aunque no aporta ning\u00fan informe de control de su embarazo, refiere el antecedente de un parto previo por ces\u00e1rea. A la exploraci\u00f3n con esp\u00e9culo se aprecia salida de sangre roja por el orificio cervical externo. La paciente no refiere dolor abdominal. El registro cardiotocogr\u00e1fico confirma la ausencia de contracciones y la normalidad de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal El hemograma es normal. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el siguiente paso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0fadb04855bb4cefba0432a02f00efc9", "input": "Which of the following statements is true about ovarian cancer?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es verdadera respecto al c\u00e1ncer de ovario?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7602e13e28a244e3bb073abc36f2a013", "input": "A 35-year-old woman undergoes a Pap smear after 5 years without prior control and the diagnosis is SIL (high-grade intraepithelial lesion). The correct behavior to follow is", "output": [ "A una mujer de 35 a\u00f1os se realiza una citolog\u00eda vaginal tras 5 a\u00f1os sin control previo y el diagn\u00f3stico es SIL (lesi\u00f3n intraepitelial) de alto grado. La conducta correcta a seguir es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-39f39f4789f04e9f8678dcd04c9b3661", "input": "48 year old woman In a mammographic screening study, a group of suspicious microcalcifications was detected in the upper external quadrant of the right breast. Percutaneous biopsy assisted by vacuum in a prone table. The anatomopathological diagnosis is of G II intraductal carcinoma. You propose a surgical exeresis of the lesion with radiological marking (harpoon). The anatomopathological study of the surgical piece reports infiltrating ductal carcinoma of 6 mm (RE ++ 100%, RP ++ 100%, Ki-67 10%, Her-2 negative) associated with intraductal component. Free surgical edges. You report the result to the patient. What would you propose?", "output": [ "Mujer de 48 a\u00f1os de edad. En estudio mamogr\u00e1fico de screening se detecta un grupo de microcalcificaciones sospechosas en cuadrante superoexterno de mama derecha. Se realiza biopsia percut\u00e1nea asistida por vac\u00edo en mesa prono. El diagn\u00f3stico anatomopatol\u00f3gico es de carcinoma intraductal G II. Usted propone una ex\u00e9resis quir\u00fargica de la lesi\u00f3n con marcaje radiol\u00f3gico (arp\u00f3n). El estudio anatomopatol\u00f3gico de la pieza quir\u00fargica informa de carcinoma ductal infiltrante de 6 mm (RE ++ 100%, RP ++ 100%, Ki-67 10%, Her-2 negativo) asociado a componente intraductal. Bordes quir\u00fargicos libres. Usted informa del resultado a la paciente. \u00bfQu\u00e9 le propondr\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ee3b09e32df0477fba8b5eab93f09b92", "input": "With regard to hereditary breast cancer, point out the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Con respecto al c\u00e1ncer de mama hereditario, se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a64e870da10d4eddbd29fb498e697239", "input": "The luminous reflex is mediated by the retinal photoreceptors and consists of four neurons. The first (sensory), the second (internuncial), the third (preganglionic motor) and the fourth (postganglionic motor). This is important for the clinical exploration of the afferent pupillary reflex. Which of the following situations is not accompanied by a relative afferent pupillary defect?", "output": [ "El reflejo luminoso est\u00e1 mediado por los fotorreceptores retinianos y consta de cuatro neuronas. La primera (sensorial), la segunda (internuncial), la tercera (motora preganglionar) y la cuarta (motora posganglionar). Esto es importante para la exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica del reflejo pupilar aferente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes situaciones no se acompa\u00f1a de un defecto pupilar aferente relativo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5584448d34de40dbb8b89ba92a06f47f", "input": "A 9-year-old boy attended consultation due to fatigability and progressive effort dyspnea. At birth, he had discovered a heart murmur, but he did not go for check-ups. On physical examination, the face and hands are pink, while the lower extremities are cyanotic. What anomaly would explain these findings?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1o de 9 a\u00f1os que acude a consulta por fatigabilidad y disnea de esfuerzo progresiva. Al nacer se le hab\u00eda descubierto un soplo cardiaco, pero no acudi\u00f3 a revisiones. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica la cara y las manos est\u00e1n rosadas, mientras que las extremidades inferiores est\u00e1n cian\u00f3ticas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 anomal\u00eda explicar\u00eda estos hallazgos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e9a48e208384bdd80dcac5f617b2ff2", "input": "Indicate which of the following is the most frequent cause of liver transplantation in childhood", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes es la causa m\u00e1s frecuente de trasplante hep\u00e1tico en la infancia" ] }, { "id": "task1432-390b9b4b2e4943cb80d10478b3aae082", "input": "Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the constitutional delay of growth and puberty?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes NO es una caracter\u00edstica del retraso constitucional del crecimiento y de la pubertad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5bf11f37ade049bbb24a6fd5beea1fd0", "input": "A child of 18 months of age is treated in the Emergency Department due to an abundant deposition of dark blood. On physical examination, the patient presents with pallor, tachycardia and normal abdominal palpation. In the blood count, the hemoglobin figure is 7 g / dL. What diagnostic test would you request?", "output": [ "Un ni\u00f1o de 18 meses de vida es atendido en Urgencias por presentar deposici\u00f3n abundante de sangre oscura. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica el paciente presenta palidez, taquicardia y palpaci\u00f3n abdominal normal. En el hemograma la cifra de hemoglobina es de 7 g/dL. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba diagn\u00f3stica solicitar\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-935e99c7298143b6852aa974bc3c038d", "input": "In relation to congenital hypothyroidism, indicate the statement FALSE", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al hipotiroidismo cong\u00e9nito, indique el enunciado FALSO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-66104fe1a9c6439baf4379a60986bccd", "input": "Indicate which of the following diseases does NOT occur with tall stature", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades NO cursa con talla alta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6747a67277c4433995bdb21ba88e98b8", "input": "Point out the correct answer regarding whooping cough", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta respecto a la tosferina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f139ab5bee4044269f810d1fcbd7ef74", "input": "A 2-month-old girl who was referred to the pediatric urology clinic due to grade-III bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. Background prenatal diagnosis of bilateral pyelic ectasia. Acute pyelonephritis, one month after diagnostic cystourethrography. Of the following options, what would be the most advisable indication?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1a de 2 meses de edad que se remite a la consulta de urolog\u00eda infantil por presentar reflujo v\u00e9sico-ureteral bilateral grado III. Antecedentes diagn\u00f3stico prenatal de ectasia pi\u00e9lica bilateral. Pielonefritis aguda, al mes de vida, tras la realizaci\u00f3n de la cistouretrograf\u00eda diagn\u00f3stica. De las siguientes opciones, \u00bfcu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la indicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s recomendable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fb6baaff8a9f414da0d9f8976658da35", "input": "Infant of 5 months who came to the emergency room due to runny nose from two days before, with subsequent onset of dry cough, fatigue, wheezing when breathing with rejection of the shots. On physical examination, T \u00baC 38.2\u00baC, arterial saturation of O2 96%, respiratory rate 50 resp / min with subcostal retractions and bilateral wheezing; normal rest. Full-term delivery, without a history of interest, with a vaccination schedule appropriate to their age; parents smokers and goes to nursery from 4 months. Which of these measures do you think is NOT indicated?", "output": [ "Lactante de 5 meses que acude a Urgencias por presentar rinorrea desde dos d\u00edas antes, con aparici\u00f3n posterior de tos seca, fatiga, pitidos al respirar con rechazo de las tomas. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica destaca T\u00aa 38,2\u00baC, saturaci\u00f3n arterial de O2 96%, frecuencia respiratoria 50 resp/min con tiraje subcostal y sibilancias bilaterales; resto normal. Parto a t\u00e9rmino, sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s, con calendario vacunal adecuado a su edad; padres fumadores y acude a guarder\u00eda desde los 4 meses. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas medidas le parece que NO est\u00e1 indicada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-263df120553e47469fe28434d4fe8869", "input": "One of the following statements regarding the treatment of eating disorders is INCORRECT. Point it out", "output": [ "Una de las siguientes afirmaciones en relaci\u00f3n al tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria es INCORRECTA. Se\u00f1\u00e1lela." ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba9d64faf67147c9a0ae5208ee3af248", "input": "A 41-year-old man, diagnosed with bipolar disorder, who has performed an over-supply of lithium carbonate, comes to the emergency room. The exploration highlights intense tremor, ataxia, dysarthria and a vertical nystagmus. A litemia is obtained that is 4.1 mEq / L. What is the best therapeutic option?", "output": [ "Acude a Urgencias un hombre de 41 a\u00f1os, diagnosticado de trastorno bipolar, que ha realizado una sobreingesta de carbonato de litio. A la exploraci\u00f3n destaca temblor intenso, ataxia, disartria y un nistagmo vertical. Se le realiza una litemia que resulta de 4,1 mEq/L. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la mejor opci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9ed0d9f6be6843e7a45f3b60c1aeecad", "input": "73-year-old man who is taken by his family to his Mental Health Center, for presenting progressively from about 6 weeks before a picture of apathy, social isolation, asthenia, anorexia with loss of about 5 kg of weight, restlessness and anxiety in the afternoons, difficulties in falling asleep and waking up at 4 in the morning, cognitive alterations with difficulty concentration, slow thinking and language, frequent confusions and inability to perform simple tasks in which he is blocked and non-specific somatic complaints such as sensations of dyspepsia, nausea, headaches, which cause great concern. All the following considerations would be valid in the differential diagnosis EXCEPT", "output": [ "Hombre de 73 a\u00f1os que es llevado por su familia a su Centro de Salud Mental, por presentar de forma progresiva desde unas 6 semanas antes un cuadro de apat\u00eda, aislamiento social, astenia, anorexia con p\u00e9rdida de unos 5 kg de peso, intranquilidad y ansiedad por las tardes, dificultades para conciliar el sue\u00f1o y despertar sobre las 4 de la madrugada, alteraciones cognitivas con dificultad de concentraci\u00f3n, pensamiento y lenguaje enlentecidos, despistes frecuentes e incapacidad para realizar tareas sencillas en las que se muestra bloqueado y molestias som\u00e1ticas inespec\u00edficas como sensaciones de dispepsia, nauseas, cefaleas, que le generan gran preocupaci\u00f3n. Todas las siguientes consideraciones ser\u00edan v\u00e1lidas en el diagn\u00f3stico diferencial EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4cbc3371e88d48e38c54f4071f5ff9fb", "input": "Which of the following statements regarding anxiety disorders is FALSE?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones respecto a los trastornos de ansiedad es FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb22fbaf260943b6b632830f3a0080c5", "input": "If a 17-year-old boy with compulsive symptoms appears in his office, along with motor and multiple vocal tics, what disorder would he think of as the first diagnostic option?", "output": [ "Si se presenta en su consulta un chico de 17 a\u00f1os con s\u00edntomas compulsivos, junto con tics motores y vocales m\u00faltiples, \u00bfen qu\u00e9 trastorno pensar\u00eda como primera opci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bcbe8a6ab808465fbbccc7114245f8e1", "input": "33-year-old man without a history of interest. He comes for a picture of anxiety and decreased mood that presents a couple of months that he relates to the difficulties he is having at work and at home. She says that her life has always been very chaotic, with frequent changes of employment, with difficulties in carrying out the tasks that she begins. His work is very messy, he makes constant mistakes due to absurd oversights and this leads to problems at work and in his family. He is forgetful, very distracted and is only able to concentrate on the things that really interest him. He has been drinking alcohol for years but in recent months this consumption has become more important and is causing problems at work and at home. It also recognizes having lost control with the game to the machines; every time he plays more, he has more difficulty stopping playing and he is not doing important things because he is playing. As far as his way of being is concerned, he is extroverted, sociable, somewhat stubborn and with frequent mood swings, and can go from being very euphoric to feeling very sad in a few minutes and several times a day, usually conditioned by the level of stimulation or gratification you have at that moment. Which of the following diagnoses is unlikely in this patient?", "output": [ "Hombre de 33 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s. Acude por un cuadro de ansiedad y disminuci\u00f3n del estado de \u00e1nimo que presenta desde hace un par de meses que \u00e9l relaciona con las dificultades que est\u00e1 teniendo en su trabajo y en su casa. Refiere que desde siempre su vida ha sido muy ca\u00f3tica, con frecuentes cambios de empleo, con dificultades para llevar a cabo las tareas que empieza. Su trabajo es muy desordenado, comete errores constantes por descuidos absurdos y esto le conlleva problemas en el trabajo y en su familia. Es olvidadizo, muy distra\u00eddo y solo es capaz de concentrarse en las cosas que realmente le interesan. Consume alcohol desde hace a\u00f1os pero en los \u00faltimos meses este consumo se ha hecho m\u00e1s importante y le est\u00e1 generando problemas en el trabajo y en casa. Adem\u00e1s reconoce haber perdido el control con el juego a las m\u00e1quinas; cada vez juega m\u00e1s, tiene m\u00e1s dificultad para parar de jugar y est\u00e1 dejando de hacer cosas importantes por estar jugando. En cuanto a su forma de ser refiere que es extrovertido, sociable, algo terco y con frecuentes cambios de humor pudiendo pasar de estar muy euf\u00f3rico a sentirse muy triste en pocos minutos y varias veces al d\u00eda, generalmente condicionado por el nivel de est\u00edmulo o de gratificaci\u00f3n que tenga en ese momento. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes diagn\u00f3sticos es poco probable en este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76da45085e6f45f6967c0e0329f92f65", "input": "60-year-old diabetic patient. Hospital admission 2 weeks ago due to hyperosmolar decompensation. Consult the Emergency Department for pain and swelling in the right knee. Physical examination T\u00ba 37.2\u00baC, heart rate 100 beats / minute, respiratory rate 18 / minute, signs of arthritis in the referred joints. Analytical blood count with 18,000 leukocytes / mm3, uric acid 8.11 mg / dL, creatinine 1.4 mg / dL. Synovial fluid 20,000 leukocytes / mm3 with 85% polynuclear, no microcrystals are observed and the gram stain does not show germs. What would be the most correct attitude?", "output": [ "Paciente de 60 a\u00f1os diab\u00e9tico. Ingreso hospitalario hace 2 semanas por descompensaci\u00f3n hiperosmolar. Consulta al Servicio de Urgencias por dolor y tumefacci\u00f3n en rodilla derecha. Exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica T\u00aa 37,2\u00baC, frecuencia cardiaca 100 latidos/minuto, frecuencia respiratoria 18/minuto, signos de artritis en las articulaciones referidas. Anal\u00edtica hemograma con 18.000 leucocitos/mm3, \u00e1cido \u00farico 8,11 mg/dL, creatinina 1,4 mg/dL. L\u00edquido sinovial 20.000 leucocitos/mm3 con 85% de polinucleares, no se observan microcristales y la tinci\u00f3n de gram no muestra g\u00e9rmenes. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la actitud m\u00e1s correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-198922224ae64ba1960991b48c32f0cd", "input": "A 38-year-old man consulted for the appearance of red and painful nodules in both lower limbs at the pretibial level of 2 weeks of evolution. In addition, the patient reports that for a few months and recurrently has oral ulcers and ulcers at the genital level. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Hombre de 38 a\u00f1os que consulta por la aparici\u00f3n de n\u00f3dulos enrojecidos y dolorosos en ambos miembros inferiores a nivel pretibial de 2 semanas de evoluci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s el paciente refiere que desde hace unos meses y de forma recurrente tiene aftas orales y \u00falceras a nivel genital. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-defd42870427409f8e536129e62c3c35", "input": "Serves a 32-year-old man, computer specialist, who consults for lumbar pain and asymmetric gluteus, predominantly nocturnal, inflammation of the toes, negative rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein higher than 20mg / dL. What is the most correct attitude?", "output": [ "Atiende a un hombre de 32 a\u00f1os, inform\u00e1tico, que consulta por dolor lumbar y gl\u00fateo asim\u00e9trico, de predominio nocturno, inflamaci\u00f3n de dedos de los pies, factor reumatoide negativo y prote\u00edna C reactiva superior a 20mg/dL. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud m\u00e1s correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2dac3af995dc4ac18e24a94e16128283", "input": "A 75-year-old man with hypertension of 20 years of evolution with a creatinine clearance of 30 mL / min x 1.73 m2 in the last 2 years, uric acid in blood of 8.5 mg / dL and urine of 350 mg /24 hours. Goes for episode of gout in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the first toe of the left foot. Which treatment seems more appropriate?", "output": [ "Hombre de 75 a\u00f1os con hipertensi\u00f3n arterial de 20 a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n con un aclaramiento de creatinina de 30 mL/min x 1,73 m2 en los \u00faltimos 2 a\u00f1os, \u00e1cido \u00farico en sangre de 8,5 mg/dL y en orina de 350 mg/24 horas. Acude por episodio de gota en articulaci\u00f3n metatarsofal\u00e1ngica de primer dedo de pie izquierdo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento le parece m\u00e1s indicado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12ebb831f86f439da30a2df4df2303de", "input": "Regarding osteoporosis it is true that", "output": [ "Respecto a la osteoporosis es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ee4d00c1d35449aaafe511d64ec5c40e", "input": "A 55-year-old woman is evaluated in the consultation for progressive dyspnea of \u200b\u200bmoderate efforts of 3 months of evolution. A visit to the ophthalmologist 1 year earlier had concluded with the diagnosis of a previous uveitis. A chest x-ray is performed, which the radiologist reports as possible stage III sarcoidosis. What findings would you expect to find on the x-ray?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 55 a\u00f1os de edad es valorada en la consulta por una disnea progresiva de moderados esfuerzos de 3 meses de evoluci\u00f3n. Una visita al oftalm\u00f3logo 1 a\u00f1o antes hab\u00eda concluido con el diagn\u00f3stico de una uve\u00edtis anterior. Se realiza una radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax que el radi\u00f3logo informa como posible sarcoidosis estadio III. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hallazgos esperar\u00eda encontrar en la radiograf\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f28e404297174830814b155c43325568", "input": "In a 68-year-old patient with new onset headache, pain and prolonged morning stiffness in scapular and pelvic girdles of several weeks of evolution that presents unilateral bruising of sudden onset, what treatment among the following would establish before confirming the diagnosis?", "output": [ "En una paciente de 68 a\u00f1os de edad con cefalea de nueva aparici\u00f3n, dolor y rigidez matutina prolongada en cinturas escapular y p\u00e9lvica de varias semanas de evoluci\u00f3n que presenta amaurosis unilateral de brusca aparici\u00f3n, \u00bfqu\u00e9 tratamiento entre los siguientes instaurar\u00eda antes de confirmar el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a01394d7d690439bbe8bf349c0baeb1e", "input": "Patient of 28 years who after suffering a traffic accident is transferred by ambulance to the emergency area of \u200b\u200ba hospital, arriving at the Traumatology Service at 12 o'clock at night. The patient has severe pain in the hip and exploration shows shortening of the right lower extremity with internal rotation and adduction. X-rays are taken and a posterior dislocation of the right coxo-femoral joint is diagnosed. What will be the therapeutic attitude to perform?", "output": [ "Paciente de 28 a\u00f1os que tras sufrir un accidente de tr\u00e1fico es trasladado mediante ambulancia al \u00e1rea de Urgencias de un hospital, llegando al Servicio de Traumatolog\u00eda a las 12 de la noche. El paciente tiene dolor intenso en cadera y en la exploraci\u00f3n destaca acortamiento de la extremidad inferior derecha con rotaci\u00f3n interna y aducci\u00f3n. Se le realizan radiograf\u00edas y se diagnostica de luxaci\u00f3n posterior de la articulaci\u00f3n coxo-femoral derecha. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00e1 la actitud terap\u00e9utica a realizar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9be00f19e17a4201a8e116899c0af987", "input": "In the initial evaluation of all traumatized patients in coma, which of the following radiographs are essential even if these locations do not appear to be symptomatic?", "output": [ "En la evaluaci\u00f3n inicial de todo politraumatizado en coma, \u00bfcu\u00e1les de las siguientes radiograf\u00edas son imprescindibles incluso aunque dichas localizaciones no parezcan ser sintom\u00e1ticas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5acf6985a9c341a6af13cbb9ec4a2e10", "input": "Which of the following is NOT considered an indication for the surgical treatment of fractures of the middle third of the clavicle in adults?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes NO se considera una indicaci\u00f3n para el tratamiento quir\u00fargico de las fracturas del tercio medio de la clav\u00edcula en adultos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-054181ea2e22468fb857727b2c362d96", "input": "A 38-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes consulted for a picture of 3-4 months of mechanical pain without a traumatic history referring to the inguinal area and anterior aspect of both thighs. More intense on the left side. In the exploration of the hips the pain reproduces specifically with the internal rotation of the hip, which also appears discreetly limited. In the simple radiological study, a radiolucent subchondral image is seen in the left hip. Which of the following would be the correct diagnostic attitude?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 38 a\u00f1os con antecedente de diabetes tipo 1 consulta por un cuadro de 3-4 meses de dolor mec\u00e1nico sin antecedente traum\u00e1tico referido a zona inguinal y cara anterior de ambos muslos. M\u00e1s intenso en el lado izquierdo. En la exploraci\u00f3n de las caderas el dolor se reproduce espec\u00edficamente con la rotaci\u00f3n interna de la cadera, la cual adem\u00e1s aparece discretamente limitada. En el estudio radiol\u00f3gico simple se aprecia en la cadera izquierda una imagen radiolucente subcondral. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes ser\u00eda la actitud diagn\u00f3stica correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-83ca4a43bdd3442e8f8c21d17536bd71", "input": "Which of the following is NOT an indication of vertebroplasty?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes NO es una indicaci\u00f3n de vertebroplastia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8143121f3db9454bb90ad7b9b63c2a7b", "input": "A 50-year-old patient with a history of gout and chronic use of corticosteroids. He is brought to the emergency room due to inability to ambulate due to knee extension deficit. Radiology shows a low patellar height in relation to the contralateral knee. What is the diagnostic suspicion?", "output": [ "Paciente de 50 a\u00f1os con antecedentes de gota y uso cr\u00f3nico de corticoides. Es tra\u00eddo a urgencias por imposibilidad para la deambulaci\u00f3n por d\u00e9ficit de extensi\u00f3n de la rodilla. En la radiolog\u00eda se objetiva una altura rotuliana baja en relaci\u00f3n a la rodilla contralateral. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la sospecha diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a28994edf03448098ce277098b01443e", "input": "In a patient of 50 years, obese, hypertensive and insufficient terminal renal, with cerebrovascular accident recovered a year earlier, he is proceeding to place a hemodialysis catheter by right subclavian vein, after prophylaxis with 2 g of iv cephalosporin. The area has been infiltrated with mepivacaine. Two failed puncture attempts have been made. The patient is very anxious, says that it hurts a lot, her heart rate rises to 125 / min and she wants to sleep with general anesthesia. The doctor has problems for the patient to stay still and continue with the procedure. Every time it is more uncontrolled, complains that it gets dizzy and that it does not hear well, it moves incoordinadamente. To withdraw the sterile drapes, bilateral slight mydriasis and uncoordinated movements are observed. How would you act in this case?", "output": [ "En una paciente de 50 a\u00f1os, obesa, hipertensa e insuficiente renal terminal, con accidente cerebrovascular recuperado un a\u00f1o antes, se est\u00e1 procediendo a colocarle un cat\u00e9ter de hemodi\u00e1lisis por vena subclavia derecha, tras profilaxis con 2 g de cefalosporina iv. Se ha infiltrado la zona con mepivaca\u00edna. Se han realizado dos intentos de punci\u00f3n fallidos. La paciente est\u00e1 muy ansiosa, dice que le duele mucho, su frecuencia cardiaca se eleva a 125/min y quiere que la duerman con anestesia general. El m\u00e9dico tiene problemas para que la paciente se mantenga quieta y seguir con el procedimiento. Cada vez est\u00e1 m\u00e1s descontrolada, se queja de que se marea y que no oye bien, se mueve incoordinadamente. A retirar los pa\u00f1os est\u00e9riles se observa ligera midriasis bilateral y movimientos incoordinados. \u00bfC\u00f3mo actuar\u00eda ante este caso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9cd463085eca463aa8b841724f0b0e4a", "input": "90 year old patient controlled at home with frequent requests for home care. On this occasion they warn him again for general malaise, nausea, loss of appetite, unspecified abdominal discomfort, fatigue, slight increase in his habitual dyspnea, and slow pulse detection when the caregiver controlled the blood pressure at home this morning. Diagnosed double aortic injury, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, ischemia due to embolism in left leg and hypertension. In treatment with furosemide 40 mg 2 tablets in the morning, potassium supplements, digoxin 5 tablets of 0.25 mg per week, bisoprolol 1.5 mg / day, acenocoumarol 1 mg / day and losartan 100 mg / day. On examination, eupneic at rest, transcutaneous O2 saturation 95%, PA 143/58 mmHg, HR 48 beats per minute, with bigeminy. Slight malleolar edema, normal pulmonary auscultation, cardiac systolic murmur in the aortic focus. Distal temperature and pulses unchanged, normal abdominal palpation. Which of the proposed statements do you think is most likely?", "output": [ "Paciente de 90 a\u00f1os controlada en domicilio con frecuentes demandas de atenci\u00f3n domiciliaria. En esta ocasi\u00f3n le avisan de nuevo por presentar malestar general, n\u00e1useas, p\u00e9rdida de apetito, molestias abdominales inespec\u00edficas, cansancio, ligero aumento de su disnea habitual, y detecci\u00f3n de pulso lento al controlar la cuidadora la presi\u00f3n arterial en domicilio esta ma\u00f1ana. Diagnosticada de doble lesi\u00f3n a\u00f3rtica, fibrilaci\u00f3n auricular, insuficiencia cardiaca, isquemia por embolia en pierna izquierda e HTA. En tratamiento con furosemida 40 mg 2 comprimidos por las ma\u00f1anas, suplementos de potasio, digoxina 5 comprimidos de 0,25 mg a la semana, bisoprolol 1.5 mg/d\u00eda, acenocumarol 1 mg/d\u00eda y losartan 100 mg/d\u00eda. En la exploraci\u00f3n, eupneica en reposo, saturaci\u00f3n O2 transcut\u00e1nea 95%, PA 143/58 mmHg, FC 48 latidos por minuto, con bigeminismo. Ligeros edemas maleolares, auscultaci\u00f3n pulmonar normal, auscultaci\u00f3n cardiaca soplo sist\u00f3lico en foco a\u00f3rtico. Temperatura y pulsos distales sin cambios, palpaci\u00f3n abdominal normal. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las afirmaciones propuestas le parece m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-729116c42e404c3baf829304b2514648", "input": "Man of 80 years conscious and with apparent good general condition. He is transferred to the Emergency Department after suffering electric burn when touching a high voltage cable accidentally. On physical examination, he had a third-degree right-hand burn of 0.2% of total body surface area and a bursting lesion on the right first toe of less than one centimeter in diameter. Point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Hombre de 80 a\u00f1os consciente y con aparente buen estado general. Es trasladado al Servicio de Urgencias tras sufrir quemadura el\u00e9ctrica al tocar un cable de alta tensi\u00f3n accidentalmente. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica presenta una quemadura en mano derecha, de tercer grado de un 0.2 % de superficie corporal total y una lesi\u00f3n con estallido en primer dedo de pie derecho de menos de un cent\u00edmetro de di\u00e1metro. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d4b4139399e4a57a06f78e9c8e9fdee", "input": "Which of these measures would NOT be indicated in the emergency treatment in a patient who has a deep second degree flame burn with 50% of body surface burned?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas medidas NO estar\u00eda indicada en el tratamiento de urgencia en un paciente que presenta una quemadura por llama de segundo grado profundo con el 50% de superficie corporal quemada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c69edc21c43c4e02a74a42b26c737b14", "input": "A 75-year-old woman with no relevant pathological history who consults for a decrease in the total time of sleep, with difficulty falling asleep for more than 1 hour, indicating that she gets up at night easily more than twice and that it costs her again fall asleep for more than 30 minutes. During the day it presents a normal activity with a tendency to nap. Which of the following statements do you think is correct, taking into account that the physical examination is normal and the patient presents a mini-mental of 31/35?", "output": [ "Mujer de 75 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes patol\u00f3gicos destacables que consulta por disminuci\u00f3n en el tiempo total de horas de sue\u00f1o, con dificultad para conciliar el sue\u00f1o de m\u00e1s de 1 hora, refiriendo que se levanta durante la noche con facilidad m\u00e1s de dos veces y que le cuesta de nuevo conciliar el sue\u00f1o m\u00e1s de 30 minutos. Durante el d\u00eda presenta una actividad normal con tendencia a hacer siesta. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones le parece la correcta, teniendo en cuenta que la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica es normal y la paciente presenta un mini-mental de 31/35?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c70f6d2698c04979b3d95682aedd82a1", "input": "Within the geriatric assessment scales, the Barthel index is a functional assessment scale that measures the ability to perform activities of daily living, among which the following are included", "output": [ "Dentro de las escalas de valoraci\u00f3n geri\u00e1trica, el \u00edndice de Barthel es una escala de valoraci\u00f3n funcional que mide la capacidad para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria entre las que se incluyen las siguientes excepto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-299d395aeb5e4324bacf0125825a4d2b", "input": "In relation to the treatment of a smoking patient with a non-small cell lung cancer of 4 cm in diameter, located in the peripheral region of the right upper lobe, which invades the visceral pleura and is accompanied by ipsilateral hilar lymph node involvement. Which of the following therapeutic options is more appropriate?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el tratamiento de un paciente fumador con un c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n no microc\u00edtico de 4 cm de di\u00e1metro, situado en la regi\u00f3n perif\u00e9rica del l\u00f3bulo superior derecho, que invade la pleura visceral y se acompa\u00f1a de afectaci\u00f3n ganglionar hiliar ipsilateral. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones terap\u00e9uticas es m\u00e1s apropiada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-257b98db1590415eb577e4c0c588bb66", "input": "What is the diagnostic technique of choice to locate the origin of the primary tumor and its extension in patients with carcinoid syndrome?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la t\u00e9cnica diagn\u00f3stica de elecci\u00f3n para localizar el origen del tumor primario y la extensi\u00f3n del mismo en pacientes afectos de s\u00edndrome carcinoide?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a1db873352e64e68bee5d9be3788f34d", "input": "59-year-old man, active smoker, with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia and alcoholism. It refers to progressive picture in the last 2 years of difficulty climbing stairs with weakness in lower and upper limbs that fluctuates during the day and improves slightly with sustained exercise. Occasionally he has presented episodes of diplopia. Lately persistent dry cough has been added. As part of the study an electromyogram is performed that shows incremental increases in muscle action potential in response to repetitive nerve stimulation. A chest CT scan shows subcarinal lymphadenopathy and a 3.1 cm nodule in the left lower lobe. These findings are consistent with primary pulmonary neoplasia. What is the diagnosis of the associated picture?", "output": [ "Hombre de 59 a\u00f1os de edad, fumador activo, con antecedentes de hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, dislipemia y alcoholismo. Refiere cuadro progresivo en los \u00faltimos 2 a\u00f1os de dificultad para subir escaleras con debilidad en miembros inferiores y superiores que fluct\u00faa durante el d\u00eda y mejora levemente con el ejercicio sostenido. Ocasionalmente ha presentado episodios de diplopia. \u00daltimamente se ha a\u00f1adido tos seca persistente. Como parte del estudio se realiza un electromiograma que muestra aumentos incrementales en el potencial de acci\u00f3n muscular en respuesta a la estimulaci\u00f3n nerviosa repetitiva. Una TC de t\u00f3rax muestra linfadenopat\u00eda subcarinal y un n\u00f3dulo de 3,1 cm en el l\u00f3bulo inferior izquierdo. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con neoplasia primaria pulmonar. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico del cuadro asociado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8c35bfb58d1d4e2db761d5cd26e1c1a5", "input": "A 65-year-old man, without other associated diseases and with good general condition, has a metastatic hepatic relapse of a colon adenocarcinoma for which he had been operated on 3 years ago. CT shows that liver lesions are multiple and affect all segments. The molecular study of the liver biopsy shows K-ras mutations. What initial treatment is considered most appropriate for the patient?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 65 a\u00f1os, sin otras enfermedades asociadas y con buen estado general, presenta una reca\u00edda metast\u00e1sica hep\u00e1tica de un adenocarcinoma de colon por el que hab\u00eda sido intervenido hace 3 a\u00f1os. La TC demuestra que las lesiones hep\u00e1ticas son m\u00faltiples y afectan a todos los segmentos. El estudio molecular de la biopsia hep\u00e1tica muestra mutaciones de K-ras. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento inicial considera m\u00e1s adecuado para el paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98bd158180f74d25824e88e79a4a0939", "input": "To improve the symptomatic control in Palliative Medicine, drugs with different mechanisms of action are used. Indicate the therapeutic group that is not used as an analgesic or coadjuvant in the control of pain.", "output": [ "Para mejorar el control sintom\u00e1tico en Medicina Paliativa se emplean f\u00e1rmacos con variados mecanismos de acci\u00f3n. Se\u00f1ale el grupo terap\u00e9utico que no se emplea como analg\u00e9sico o coadyuvante en el control del dolor." ] }, { "id": "task1432-504b5f8777ee4a25bd699409106d4648", "input": "89-year-old woman diagnosed with a colon adenocarcinoma with liver metastases. He attended the consultation three weeks after the diagnosis with constipation of three days of evolution without nausea or vomiting. On clinical examination the abdomen is soft, depressible and with noises present. The patient takes 20 mg of morphine chloride day after diagnosis, with controlled abdominal pain. What do you consider to be the most appropriate therapeutic attitude?", "output": [ "Mujer de 89 a\u00f1os diagnosticada de un adenocarcinoma de colon con met\u00e1stasis hep\u00e1ticas. Acude a la consulta tres semanas despu\u00e9s del diagn\u00f3stico con estre\u00f1imiento de tres d\u00edas de evoluci\u00f3n sin n\u00e1useas ni v\u00f3mitos. A la exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica el abdomen es blando, depresible y con ruidos presentes. La paciente toma 20 mg d\u00eda de cloruro m\u00f3rfico desde el diagn\u00f3stico, con dolor abdominal controlado. \u00bfCu\u00e1l considera que es la actitud terap\u00e9utica m\u00e1s adecuada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8fbfa30614e34ffb90f9dbdd0541b0fb", "input": "Pedro, a 42-year-old man, consults with his family doctor for the periodic control of high blood pressure diagnosed two years ago. The doctor verifies that the patient is a smoker of 15 cigarettes / day and proposes to the patient the abandonment of the smoking habit. Ask the patient if he / she has considered quitting before, if he / she has achieved it and has relapsed at some time. After listening to the patient's points of view in relation to smoking cessation, he identifies ambivalence of the patient in relation to his behavior and negotiates with him a plan to achieve the stated objective. The clinical interview conducted by the family doctor is called", "output": [ "Pedro, un hombre de 42 a\u00f1os, consulta con su m\u00e9dico de familia para el control peri\u00f3dico de una hipertensi\u00f3n arterial diagnosticada hace dos a\u00f1os. El m\u00e9dico comprueba que el paciente es fumador de 15 cigarrillos/d\u00eda y plantea como objetivo al paciente el abandono del h\u00e1bito tab\u00e1quico. Pregunta al paciente si se ha planteado con anterioridad dejar de fumar, si lo ha conseguido y ha reca\u00eddo en alguna ocasi\u00f3n. Despu\u00e9s de escuchar los puntos de vista del paciente en relaci\u00f3n con el abandono del tabaco, identifica ambivalencias del paciente en relaci\u00f3n a su conducta y negocia con \u00e9l un plan para conseguir el objetivo planteado. La entrevista cl\u00ednica realizada por el m\u00e9dico de familia se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-be612a27c5334c1e85ae29f81caab902", "input": "An 80-year-old woman enters the hospital for the study of anemia after being taken by her children to the emergency room due to rectal bleeding and physical decay. Clinically it is stable. She is diagnosed with cognitive impairment, with frequently incoherent ideation and judgment and behavioral alterations, for which she takes risperidone. Malignant neoplasm of the colon is suspected and a colonoscopy is proposed. You verify that the patient is incapable of understanding adequately what is explained about such a test, its nature, objectives, possible complications, or its diagnostic and eventually therapeutic consequences. In that case", "output": [ "Una mujer de 80 a\u00f1os ingresa en el hospital para estudio de anemia tras ser llevada por sus hijos a Urgencias por rectorragia y decaimiento f\u00edsico. Cl\u00ednicamente se encuentra estable. Est\u00e1 diagnosticada de deterioro cognitivo, con ideaci\u00f3n y juicio frecuentemente incoherentes y alteraciones conductuales, para lo que toma risperidona. Se sospecha neoplasia maligna de colon y se plantea realizar una colonoscopia. Usted verifica que la paciente es incapaz de entender adecuadamente lo que se le explica sobre tal prueba, su naturaleza, objetivos, posibles complicaciones, o sus consecuencias diagn\u00f3sticas y eventualmente terap\u00e9uticas. En tal caso" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ff90d3d58234a6292e2fde2acf89d55", "input": "A 76-year-old patient, diagnosed about 18 months ago with unresectable stomach adenocarcinoma, with locoregional extension and undergoing chemotherapy. He was admitted due to intolerance to the intake due to repeated vomiting, with fever and dyspnea. Progression of the tumor disease and bilateral bronchopneumonia with respiratory failure, deterioration of renal function and coagulopathy are radiologically proven. It was decided to initiate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and parenteral nutrition and hydration, but the patient expressed his refusal to do so. In this specific case", "output": [ "Un paciente de 76 a\u00f1os, diagnosticado hace unos 18 meses de adenocarcinoma de est\u00f3mago irresecable, con extensi\u00f3n locorregional y en tratamiento con quimioterapia. Ingresa por intolerancia a la ingesta por v\u00f3mitos reiterados, con fiebre y disnea. Se comprueba radiol\u00f3gicamente progresi\u00f3n de la enfermedad tumoral y una bronconeumon\u00eda bilateral con insuficiencia respiratoria, deterioro de la funci\u00f3n renal y coagulopat\u00eda. Se decide iniciar antibioterapia de amplio espectro y nutrici\u00f3n e hidrataci\u00f3n por v\u00eda parenteral, pero el paciente expresa su negativa a todo ello. En este caso concreto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9961f072a6af4394b910dc5f3e1df655", "input": "A 23-year-old boy presents with a sudden sharp pain in the left hemithorax that is accompanied by progressive dyspnea. He decides to go to the Emergency Service of the nearest hospital. The attending physician notes obtundation, cyanosis, tachypnea and a physical examination compatible with pneumothorax that is confirmed on the chest radiograph. Oxygen saturation is 70%. The doctor believes that a thoracic drain should be placed. What is the correct attitude?", "output": [ "Un joven de 23 a\u00f1os, presenta de forma brusca un dolor punzante en el hemit\u00f3rax izquierdo que se acompa\u00f1a de disnea progresiva. Decide acudir al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital m\u00e1s pr\u00f3ximo. El m\u00e9dico que lo atiende constata obnubilaci\u00f3n, cianosis, taquipnea y una exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica compatible con neumot\u00f3rax que se confirma en la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax. La saturaci\u00f3n de ox\u00edgeno es del 70%. El m\u00e9dico cree que debe colocarse un drenaje tor\u00e1cico. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6453eba557774bd9b173b72689e70556", "input": "Which of the following statements is NOT correct with respect to the basic principles of Bioethics?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones NO es correcta con respecto a los principios b\u00e1sicos de la Bio\u00e9tica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5bea1b15b59f459eb8f272c7747407d0", "input": "Communication in clinical practice has as its primary objective", "output": [ "La comunicaci\u00f3n en la pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica tiene como objetivo primordial" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b95dbe53d1db49e985b943a5a246957b", "input": "The maximum performance in the interview between the doctor and the patient is obtained when the doctor", "output": [ "El m\u00e1ximo rendimiento en la entrevista entre el m\u00e9dico y el paciente se obtiene cuando el facultativo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-44d3c2c4d7764738b8c6b323207cb3d4", "input": "A medicalized ambulance is mobilized to care for a young man who is traumatized by a traffic accident. On physical examination, right anisocoria with arreactive mydriatic pupil, coma with 4 points on the Glasgow coma scale (eye response 1, motor response 2, verbal response 1), blood pressure 180/100 mmHg, heart rate 56 beats per minute , respiratory rate 8 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry 90% breathing room air. What should be the first action of the out-of-hospital emergency team?", "output": [ "Una ambulancia medicalizada es movilizada para atender a un var\u00f3n joven politraumatizado por accidente de tr\u00e1fico. A la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, anisocoria derecha con pupila midri\u00e1tica arreactiva, coma con 4 puntos en la escala del coma de Glasgow (respuesta ocular 1, respuesta motora 2, respuesta verbal 1), presi\u00f3n arterial 180/100 mmHg, frecuencia cardiaca 56 latidos por minuto, frecuencia respiratoria 8 respiraciones por minuto, saturaci\u00f3n de ox\u00edgeno por pulsioximetr\u00eda 90% respirando aire ambiente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l deber\u00eda ser la primera acci\u00f3n del equipo de emergencias extrahospitalarias?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c8304b367fb43afbdfbd625f91e81fc", "input": "A 36-year-old patient consulted due to constant, constrictive chest pain radiating to both arms and intensifying in the dorsal decubitus position. On examination, your doctor objectifies that the pain is relieved by sitting with the body forward. After conducting a thorough study of the patient, you are diagnosed with acute idiopathic pericarditis. Point out the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Paciente de 36 a\u00f1os de edad que consulta por presentar dolor tor\u00e1cico constante, constrictivo, que se irradia a ambos brazos y que se intensifica en dec\u00fabito dorsal. En la exploraci\u00f3n su m\u00e9dico objetiva que dicho dolor se alivia al sentarse con el cuerpo hacia adelante. Tras realizar un estudio exhaustivo del paciente usted lo diagnostica de pericarditis idiop\u00e1tica aguda. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a287ab5ffec94fe5823b35070e6dd4ad", "input": "It evaluates a patient with pelvic pain in which the simple Rx shows osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions in the iliac and femoral bones. Point out the INCORRECT response.", "output": [ "Valora a una paciente con dolor p\u00e9lvico en la que la Rx simple muestra lesiones osteol\u00edticas y osteoescler\u00f3ticas en huesos il\u00edaco y femoral. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA." ] }, { "id": "task1432-3449963c677c425b960a4faee8af7444", "input": "Indicate which of the following monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes anticuerpos monoclonales ha demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de la hemoglobinuria parox\u00edstica nocturna" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3143aefc6715423493b9dc95954200d4", "input": "A 46-year-old man who consulted urgently for colicky pain located in the left iliac fossa, with some irradiation towards the scrotum. He has not had similar episodes. In the laboratory, serum creatinine is 0.9 mg / dL, leukocytes 6.700 / mm3 and the leukocyte formula is normal. In the urinary sediment there are 12-15 red blood cells / field and the pH of the urine is 6. He has no fever and his body mass index (BMI) is 25.5 kg / m2. Which imaging test is the most sensitive to make the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Hombre de 46 a\u00f1os que consulta de urgencia por dolor tipo c\u00f3lico localizado en fosa iliaca izquierda, con cierta irradiaci\u00f3n hacia escroto. No ha tenido episodios similares. En la anal\u00edtica, la creatinina s\u00e9rica es de 0,9 mg/dL, leucocitos 6.700/mm3 y la f\u00f3rmula leucocitaria es normal. En el sedimento urinario hay 12-15 hemat\u00edes/campo y el pH de la orina es 6. No tiene fiebre y su \u00edndice de masa corporal (IMC) es de 25,5 kg/m2. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba de imagen es la m\u00e1s sensible para realizar el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-339c78befd574416890137f37b7fb03c", "input": "Patient of 51 years, without a history of interest. Consultation for fever, poor general condition and pleuritic pain of a week of evolution that has not subsided despite prescribed antibiotic treatment. Enter conscious, oriented and with a fever of 38.7\u00baC. On physical examination, an abolition of the vesicular murmur in the posterior basal half of the right hemithorax is highlighted. In the analytic it has leucocytes 19,000 / mm3 (80% neutrophils). The radiograph shows a pleural effusion that occupies half of the right hemithorax. What should be the attitude to follow?", "output": [ "Paciente de 51 a\u00f1os, sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s. Consulta por fiebre, mal estado general y dolor pleur\u00edtico de una semana de evoluci\u00f3n que no ha cedido a pesar de un tratamiento antibi\u00f3tico pautado. Ingresa consciente, orientado y con fiebre de 38,7\u00baC. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica destaca una abolici\u00f3n del murmullo vesicular en la mitad basal posterior del hemit\u00f3rax derecho. En la anal\u00edtica tiene leucocitos 19.000/mm3 (80% neutr\u00f3filos). En la radiograf\u00eda se ve un derrame pleural que ocupa la mitad del hemit\u00f3rax derecho. \u00bfCu\u00e1l deber\u00eda ser la actitud a seguir?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a58b355b05f414288d5599e0845d12c", "input": "A 10-year-old girl who presented with asthenia, abdominal pain and gross hematuria with dark urine without voiding symptoms. He has been receiving treatment with amoxicillin for 3 days for acute pharyngotonsillitis. The family reports two similar previous self-limited episodes coinciding with gastroenteritis and otitis media respectively. What is your diagnosis of suspicion ?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1a de 10 a\u00f1os que acude por astenia, dolor abdominal y hematuria macrosc\u00f3pica con orinas de color oscuro sin s\u00edntomas miccionales. Est\u00e1 recibiendo tratamiento con amoxicilina desde hace 3 d\u00edas por faringoamigdalitis aguda. La familia refiere dos episodios previos autolimitados similares coincidiendo con una gastroenteritis y una otitis media respectivamente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dac73ec5ec9846c09a3d7c501b47ef80", "input": "Evidence-based medicine proposes to integrate the best evidence with the clinical experience and the circumstances of patients in making clinical decisions. In relation to the quality of the evidence, what type of study provides us with evidence of higher quality", "output": [ "La medicina basada en la evidencia propone integrar las mejores evidencias con la experiencia cl\u00ednica y las circunstancias de los pacientes en la toma de las decisiones cl\u00ednicas. En relaci\u00f3n a la calidad de la evidencia qu\u00e9 tipo de estudio nos proporciona evidencias de mayor calidad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8257380e376347c38c199e8320d8f9d4", "input": "The plasma concentration of a drug in the steady state is", "output": [ "La concentraci\u00f3n plasm\u00e1tica de un medicamento en el estado estable es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eb9456aeebfc4d27883795ba877dc7ec", "input": "Huntington's disease is a hereditary disorder that", "output": [ "La enfermedad de Huntington es un trastorno hereditario que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46c6336a673c4060b38625eecde03aa5", "input": "Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that has been linked to the degeneration of neurons", "output": [ "La enfermedad de Parkinson es un trastorno neurol\u00f3gico que se ha relacionado con la degeneraci\u00f3n de las neuronas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-899d26d597d5480c989eb55cf5972269", "input": "Which cells located in the central nervous system surround the cerebral capillaries and the neuronal membranes, participating in the supply of nutrients to the neurons ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 c\u00e9lulas localizadas en el sistema nervioso central rodean los capilares cerebrales y las membranas neuronales, participando en el suministro de nutrientes a las neuronas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-81d1322af8044c88a9695fd898ca25e8", "input": "What is the name of the hormone that prevents the development of female internal sexual organs ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina la hormona que impide el desarrollo de los \u00f3rganos sexuales internos femeninos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1e7f5d8b41c416f8696f6954d64b4d5", "input": "The region of the cerebral cortex that provides the sensory and motivational keys in the movements directed to an objective is", "output": [ "La regi\u00f3n de la corteza cerebral que aporta las claves sensoriales y motivacionales en los movimientos dirigidos a un objetivo es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7975b68b601949fcbc54de8949e5c0f5", "input": "The neural system that integrates most of the stimuli related to osmotic and volatile thirst includes", "output": [ "El sistema neural que integra la mayor\u00eda de los est\u00edmulos relacionados con la sed osm\u00f3tica y la vol\u00e9mic a incluye al" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7ed9984fb794348aa6b6335019e4d2d", "input": "What brain region is involved in the inhibition and extinction of conditioned emotional responses ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 regi\u00f3n cerebral se encuentra implicada en la inhibici\u00f3n y extinci\u00f3n de las respuestas emocionales condicionadas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-317f7de7f6d44d08bebd519f63ddeff4", "input": "The syndrome consisting of a change in the quality of the voice that can lead to the appearance of a foreign accent is called", "output": [ "El s\u00edndrome que consiste en un cambio en la calidad de la voz que puede dar lugar a la aparici\u00f3n de un acento extranjero se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c8dff662c8704217a421dbbb4edf83a9", "input": "When evaluating a patient neuropsychologically, he communicates his perplexity, surprise and concern about the movement of his arm when he picks up the pen. We will say that it presents", "output": [ "Al evaluar un paciente neuropsicol\u00f3gicamente nos comunica su perplejidad, sorpresa y preocupaci\u00f3n ante el movimiento de su brazo al coger el bol\u00edgrafo. Diremos que presenta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b3384fbbaea48608a6159d775b3e7e9", "input": "Indicate what type of validity or reliability refers to the fact that the content of a psychological evaluation technique comprises a representative sample of the possible universe of the behaviors that are intended to be evaluated", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 tipo de validez o fiabilidad hace referencia al hecho de que el contenido de una t\u00e9cnica de evaluaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica comprenda una muestra representativa del universo posible de las conductas que se pretende evaluar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b6bc1aad6fad4e05a7303f6faf3e2578", "input": "In the psychological evaluation, the interview is considered semi-structured when the interviewer works", "output": [ "En la evaluaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica, la entrevista se considera semiestructurada cuando el entrevistador trabaja" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3ecb886bfa8e4516b9641617971c760b", "input": "The Grid Technique, derived from Kelly's theory of personal constructs, is considered, more properly, a test", "output": [ "La T\u00e9cnica de la Rejilla, derivada de la Teor\u00eda de los constructos personales de Kelly, se considera, m\u00e1s propiamente, una prueba" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cb97a74b394d40349b6394d7f5b0be1f", "input": "The psychological evaluation interview is an instrument", "output": [ "La entrevista de evaluaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica es un instrumento" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9239dc31ef6a48f485b5c68569045fe0", "input": "The importance of active listening in an interview is manifested in", "output": [ "La importancia de la escucha activa en una entrevista se manifiesta en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-926cd3317eb241c09c60ebf356aaf7c3", "input": "The Intellectual Quotient (IQ) is defined as", "output": [ "El Cociente Intelectual (CI) se define como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ca6422f0d92f457dbcb57f8f7465730d", "input": "Which of the following aspects is NOT a relevant parameter for aerobic physical exercise to be healthy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes aspectos NO constituye un par\u00e1metro relevante para que el ejercicio f\u00edsico aer\u00f3bico resulte saludable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-efec31923a5d4ceab1d2e3bf66271296", "input": "The evaluation method in which the oral or written information that a person emits about himself is collected is called", "output": [ "El m\u00e9todo de evaluaci\u00f3n en el que se recoge la informaci\u00f3n oral o escrita que una persona emite sobre s\u00ed misma se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2123f93f4b2749f9876e4aaaf7e3113d", "input": "The psychophysiological record is considered an objective evaluation technique because", "output": [ "El registro psicofisiol\u00f3gico es considerado una t\u00e9cnica objetiva de evaluaci\u00f3n porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ae7590c1fd784666aaed4f2016582ae6", "input": "The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) evaluates", "output": [ "El inventario Multif\u00e1sico de Personalidad de Minesota 2 (MMPI-2) eval\u00faa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1eafc3b6640b4a0ca694b6bd281c091b", "input": "In the evaluation of the probability of suicidal and autolytic behavior, it is convenient to", "output": [ "En la evaluaci\u00f3n de la probabilidad de las conductas suicidas y autol\u00edticas conviene" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ec07c5f623d4990a5e35669c7c549ae", "input": "What are the preferred and preferred evaluation instruments for the diagnosis of elimination disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los instrumentos de evaluaci\u00f3n de elecci\u00f3n y preferentes para el diagn\u00f3stico de los trastornos de la eliminaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27678d696e584e8f9d7cf34424b5bb48", "input": "Which of the following is one of the main difficulties encountered when evaluating eating disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una de las principales dificultades que se encuentran al evaluar los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fedd3130e2d44cacb4bfeae183c854a8", "input": "What characteristic is applicable to behavioral assessment scales in children, such as the Achenback CBCL ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 caracter\u00edstica es aplicable a las escalas de evaluaci\u00f3n conductual en ni\u00f1os, como el CBCL de Achenback?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e142ae645374617b6a57d5531d48587", "input": "The assessment of balance is an essential element of the evaluation of psychomotor development", "output": [ "La valoraci\u00f3n del equilibrio es un elemento indispensable de la evaluaci\u00f3n del desarrollo psicomotor" ] }, { "id": "task1432-963c716f37f44d03aa5229b9570cd2e7", "input": "What task will be carried out by a child who is evaluated by a projective technique of an expressive type ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tarea realizar\u00e1 un ni\u00f1o al que se le eval\u00faa mediante una t\u00e9cnica proyectiva de tipo expresivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86a7e2110236480db78c54710d841895", "input": "The completion of the process of psychological evaluation in clinic involves a report, which", "output": [ "La finalizaci\u00f3n del proceso de evaluaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica en cl\u00ednica implica un informe, el cual" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fad345e289484968a32a63d0b3f52c65", "input": "In the sociometric procedures applied to childhood and adolescence, what strategy uses the number of choices and rejections that an individual receives ?", "output": [ "En los procedimientos sociom\u00e9tricos aplicados a la infancia y la adolescencia \u00bfqu\u00e9 estrategia utiliza el n\u00famero de elecciones y rechazos que recibe un individuo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7bb268534a0a4007ae9e7313b6712e37", "input": "What assessment tool is used to explain the topography of eating behavior in an eating behavior disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 herramienta de evaluaci\u00f3n sirve para explicar la topograf\u00eda de la conducta de comer en un trastorno del comportamiento alimentario?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5679b6f832de47fbbe38758495a7c415", "input": "At what level of intelligence does a score of 89 on the Wechsler scale for children (WISC IV) correspond ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 nivel de inteligencia corresponde una puntuaci\u00f3n de 89 en la escala Wechsler para ni\u00f1os (WISC IV)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a577e86b3438470aaa6561eaa0a646e3", "input": "What process associated with a writing disorder is evaluated with a test on ability to recover words ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 proceso asociado a un trastorno de la escritura se eval\u00faa con una prueba sobre capacidad para recuperar palabras?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fc2cb2e621c54e429e959b3ee1e8416b", "input": "The evaluation of personality has been done from various models and theories. From the factorial theories, the most representative test that has inspired the development of others is", "output": [ "La evaluaci\u00f3n de la personalidad se ha hecho desde diversos modelos y teor\u00edas. Desde las teor\u00edas factoriales, el test m\u00e1s representativo que ha inspirado el desarrollo de otros es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d18f2b47272447fba458555d70a585b", "input": "The scale of percentile ranges that is usually used to communicate the results of the normative tests constitute a scale of the type", "output": [ "La escala de rangos percentiles que habitualmente se emplea para comunicar los resultados de los test normativos constituyen una escala del tipo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2ec53023e0d848fb82f00be984729c3c", "input": "The reliability coefficient of a test increases when", "output": [ "El coeficiente de fiabilidad de un test aumenta cuando" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cbba092e57864e52888b5aa9dcb388e0", "input": "Among the models of Item Response Theory (TRI) one-dimensional, the logistic model of a parameter (Rasch Model) is characterized by assuming that the items differ in their level of difficulty (parameter b) and", "output": [ "Entre los modelos de Teor\u00eda de Respuesta al \u00cdtem (TRI) unidimensionales, el modelo log\u00edstico de un par\u00e1metro (Modelo de Rasch) se caracteriza por asumir que los \u00edtems difieren en su nivel de dificultad (par\u00e1metro b) y" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e0fa774c5f349b8b2ea6044f1cae2fd", "input": "The sensitivity of a psychometric test used for diagnostic purposes is given by", "output": [ "La sensibilidad de una prueba psicom\u00e9trica empleada con fines de diagn\u00f3stico viene dada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-78947751e89a4463804d334b63ad56bf", "input": "To the probability of obtaining, being true Ho, a result for a contrast statistic, as or more extreme than the one found in our sample, is called", "output": [ "A la probabilidad de obtener, siendo Ho verdadera, un resultado para un estad\u00edstico de contraste, tan o m\u00e1s extremo que el encontrado en nuestra muestra, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b540f7e5dfaf46dc8d40594d892a1c7e", "input": "Which of the following is an assumption that must be met for the application of the chi-square independence test in a contingency table", "output": [ "Cu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un supuesto que debe cumplirse para la aplicaci\u00f3n de la prueba de chi-cuadrado de independencia en una tabla de contingencia" ] }, { "id": "task1432-513459d72aea4e8599c729d2df5a44b2", "input": "In a box diagram (Box-Plot), the central box represents", "output": [ "En un diagrama de cajas (Box-Plot), la caja central representa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f3b26f20e5a74766aee933be68f88518", "input": "Regarding the type of allocation rule used in the research designs, indicate which of the following statements is CORRECT", "output": [ "Con relaci\u00f3n al tipo de regla de asignaci\u00f3n utilizada en los dise\u00f1os de investigaci\u00f3n, indique cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-931960ed663642a1b5a1cc425f77a974", "input": "Regarding the characteristics of the research designs and the analysis techniques associated with them, indicate which of the following statements is CORRECT", "output": [ "En lo que respecta a las caracter\u00edsticas de los dise\u00f1os de investigaci\u00f3n y a las t\u00e9cnicas de an\u00e1lisis asociadas a los mismos, indique cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ac18f98c73e44f281764b77451b7a30", "input": "Regarding the use of randomization as an allocation rule, indicate which of the following statements is CORRECT", "output": [ "En lo que respecta al uso de la aleatorizaci\u00f3n como regla de asignaci\u00f3n, indique cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4bdb49558f8e40eda3cb3cf73ddc9c90", "input": "The aspects of a person's self-concept that are based on their group membership are called", "output": [ "Los aspectos del autoconcepto de una persona que est\u00e1n basados en su pertenencia a grupos se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b2c9c23351e4b85b5a5c958d903b6a9", "input": "When the behavior of a person seeks to avoid rejection of the group, the process called", "output": [ "Cuando el comportamiento de una persona persigue evitar el rechazo del grupo, se produce el proceso denominado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0b344ff34db421f9f651158cef0287e", "input": "A tactic or persuasive effect consisting in getting a subject to access a costly request, making it access a low cost request before, is called", "output": [ "Una t\u00e1ctica o efecto de persuasi\u00f3n consistente en conseguir que un sujeto acceda a una petici\u00f3n costosa, haciendo que acceda antes a una petici\u00f3n de bajo coste, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-932591756d754e2f8291a2c3ae630952", "input": "The leadership approach that is based on the exchange of rewards between the leader (agent of influence) and his followers is called", "output": [ "El enfoque del liderazgo que se basa en el intercambio de recompensas entre el l\u00edder (agente de influencia) y sus seguidores se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a64de9b3e33d40edad6d7bd0ce90ed1d", "input": "When the person's speech is characterized by a pattern of spontaneous speech in which ideas slip away from each other, they say things juxtaposed and lack an adequate connection between phrases or ideas, we talk about", "output": [ "Cuando el discurso de la persona se caracteriza por un patr\u00f3n de habla espont\u00e1nea en el que las ideas se escabullen unas de otras, se dicen cosas yuxtaponi\u00e9ndolas y falta una adecuada conexi\u00f3n entre frases o ideas, hablamos de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-164a43a30017403399e881d0e421e751", "input": "The circumstantiality of thought is characterized because", "output": [ "La circunstancialidad del pensamiento se caracteriza porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-833b47de153940de9d9d50a575bc5a2d", "input": "To the muscular movements in the form of violent and uncontrollable contractions of the voluntary musculature that are manifested in one or several muscular groups or in a generalized way in the whole body, they are called", "output": [ "A los movimientos musculares en forma de contracciones violentas e incontrolables de la musculatura voluntaria que se manifiestan en uno o varios grupos musculares o bien de forma generalizada en todo el cuerpo, se les denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0eb554a627c4d68b17599bc97c53777", "input": "When a memory is not experienced as such, but, on the contrary, is experienced as lived for the first time as an original experience, it is called", "output": [ "Cuando un recuerdo no es experimentado como tal, sino que, por el contrario, se experimenta como vivido por primera vez como una experiencia original, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-015fa8d5ef82484d8fb4e252dd7bf28a", "input": "The muscular contractions located in the muscles of the neck that force the individual to flex and extend it (salutary spasms of Salaam) are associated with", "output": [ "Las contracciones musculares localizadas en los m\u00fasculos del cuello que obligan al individuo a flexionarlo y extenderlo (espasmos salutatorios de Salaam) se presentan asociados a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7de3bfea795645d283402a96fa30dc12", "input": "The ability to semantically encode information is impaired in patients with", "output": [ "La capacidad para codificar sem\u00e1nticamente la informaci\u00f3n se encuentra deteriorada en los enfermos de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-88b3f4e8931743749f993998652deb32", "input": "When evaluating social skills, if we focus on the paralinguistic elements, we will pay attention to", "output": [ "A la hora de evaluar las habilidades sociales, si nos centramos en los elementos paraling\u00fc\u00edsticos, prestaremos atenci\u00f3n a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c665fa8aa7c4cc6801440f7e143c101", "input": "When we observe in a person a psychomotor disorder that makes it difficult for him to carry out proactive activities that require sequencing and orderly coordination of a series of movements (eg, buttoning buttons), we can talk about", "output": [ "Cuando observamos en una persona un trastorno psicomotor que le dificulta llevar a cabo actividades propositivas que exijan secuenciar y coordinar ordenadamente una serie de movimientos (p. ej. abrocharse los botones) podemos hablar de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b854966f74c449eb8db742b442aae84", "input": "The dysmegalopsias are characterized because", "output": [ "Las dismegalopsias se caracterizan porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58c6412a35224105b27e059de0cd5528", "input": "Functional hallucinations are characterized because", "output": [ "Las alucinaciones funcionales se caracterizan porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5af5042134b4f5b9bb13c121a8f77df", "input": "The Amnesic Syndrome is characterized because", "output": [ "El S\u00edndrome Amn\u00e9sico se caracteriza porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3859710b397f4acf8eff581939714a7b", "input": "Dissociative amnesia is characterized by", "output": [ "La amnesia disociativa se caracteriza por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a602ee8e4d1a4818bc647b87dde51bd4", "input": "For what kind of patient was Moorey and Greer's Adjuvant Psychological Therapy developed ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 tipo de paciente se desarroll\u00f3 la Terapia Psicol\u00f3gica Adyuvante de Moorey y Greer?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b8ad8c13c0ef4070b007ca4dd748e76c", "input": "How is acute stress disorder different from post-traumatic stress disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 se diferencian el trastorno por estr\u00e9s agudo y el trastorno por estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c46a7fef6df403aba3459ad0922133c", "input": "Which of the following experiences can be considered a compulsion according to the DSMIV-TR or DSM-5 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes experiencias puede considerarse una compulsi\u00f3n seg\u00fan el DSMIV-TR o DSM-5?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9821ba8400d24cffbc9c433967f71ad8", "input": "For the diagnosis of an obsessive-compulsive disorder, which specification requires the fifth edition (like the previous one) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)", "output": [ "Para el diagn\u00f3stico de un trastorno obsesivocompulsivo \u00bfqu\u00e9 especificaci\u00f3n requiere la quinta edici\u00f3n (al igual que la anterior) del Manual Diagn\u00f3stico y Estad\u00edstico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b40770ae84364accb51dca282cbf2f96", "input": "What disorder does generalized anxiety have a frequent comorbidity ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 trastorno tiene la ansiedad generalizada una frecuente comorbilidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c48a18821bd64370a9c7d75019d4178a", "input": "Indicate which of the following symptoms are not associated with the anxiety and worry present in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5)", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes s\u00edntomas no se asocian a la ansiedad y la preocupaci\u00f3n presentes en el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (DSM-IV-TR y DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9b2565b4345b4e829d35d87c1525ea50", "input": "With what personality disorder does social anxiety disorder have a high comorbidity ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 trastorno de personalidad presenta una alta comorbilidad el trastorno de ansiedad social?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1bdc53f0833b402ea1504cdcd2f2919a", "input": "Which of the following symptoms is most common during panic attacks ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes s\u00edntomas es m\u00e1s frecuente durante las crisis de angustia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5891fbcf695c4861b8cdf8df883fcf3c", "input": "Which of the following situations can NOT be considered as a phobic stimulus for the diagnosis of a specific phobia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes situaciones NO puede ser considerada como un est\u00edmulo f\u00f3bico para el diagn\u00f3stico de una fobia espec\u00edfica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c5bb6b691b0436280442b51ac4a1353", "input": "How is the Gender Aversion Disorder conceptualized in the diagnostic classifications (DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se conceptualiza el Trastorno de Aversi\u00f3n al sexo en las clasificaciones diagn\u00f3sticas (DSM-IV-TR o DSM-5)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9920dfb03bb14dd39ab12cbfcbe9d2bb", "input": "What is the personality disorder classified as such in the (DSM-IV-TR) that does not appear in the section on personality disorders in the ICD-10 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el trastorno de personalidad clasificado como tal en el (DSM-IV-TR) que no aparece en la secci\u00f3n de trastornos de personalidad en el CIE-10?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-28a76dc916e54126975234f115130c3f", "input": "What is the defining characteristic of vaginismus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la caracter\u00edstica definitoria del vaginismo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a869dc50d284ca298366b926094fd7c", "input": "According to Beck's depression model, what is the central element in explaining depression ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el modelo de depresi\u00f3n de Beck \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el elemento central en la explicaci\u00f3n de la depresi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb8b74740e7e44b49ca17ff5212f1924", "input": "What is cyclothymia or cyclothymic disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la ciclotimia o trastorno ciclot\u00edmico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46c4658547694759953c63eba0bb23b6", "input": "What disorder of the personality includes as criteria to express a superficial and rapidly changing emotional expression ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 trastorno de la personalidad incluye como criterio manifestar una expresi\u00f3n emocional superficial y r\u00e1pidamente cambiante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d30815d068474318b4b5d5d26c46190b", "input": "The propensity that a psychoactive substance has to produce dependence in those who consume it, is known as", "output": [ "La propensi\u00f3n que tiene una sustancia psicoactiva de producir dependencia en aquellos que la consumen, se conoce como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-89c9743d3b554a479707ce4114656c37", "input": "Which of the following factors makes a situation more stressful ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores hace que una situaci\u00f3n sea m\u00e1s estresante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27a5ebff27ee470f81b29f014d425b82", "input": "Which of the following drugs does her use never produce psychotic symptoms for herself ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes drogas su consumo nunca produce por ella misma s\u00edntomas psic\u00f3ticos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d7616fc987be404f854e69e729b8c7a3", "input": "At what level of prevention do we find ourselves when we talk about taking measures so that the disease does not appear in healthy people ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 nivel de la prevenci\u00f3n nos situamos cuando hablamos de tomar medidas para que no llegue a aparecer la enfermedad en personas sanas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0c1bc791f2014af38a4ea4ba4375d316", "input": "What theoretical model in Health Psychology defends that the two main explanatory factors of an individual's health behaviors are the perception of vulnerability or susceptibility to the disease and the perceived severity of its consequences ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 modelo te\u00f3rico en Psicolog\u00eda de la Salud defiende que los dos principales factores explicativos de las conductas de salud de un individuo son la percepci\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad o susceptibilidad a la enfermedad y la severidad percibida de sus consecuencias?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-66904e26d5c849c7b6cde5b0c96bd62a", "input": "Which of the following statements is correct?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1cabb68066f444438efe35cd9eea3e56", "input": "According to the mechanism of the General Adaptation Syndrome (SGA) proposed by Selye, what phenomenon occurs in a first stage in response to stress ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el mecanismo del S\u00edndrome General de Adaptaci\u00f3n (SGA) propuesto por Selye \u00bfqu\u00e9 fen\u00f3meno se produce en una primera etapa como respuesta al estr\u00e9s?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a06467e49101423a859c3011d54331a7", "input": "Which of the following statements related to diet and weight is FALSE ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones relacionadas con la dieta y el peso resulta FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b47291751b1d4d8aac176a6d25417d0a", "input": "Studies on the relationships between stress and health consider that the variable of social support", "output": [ "Los estudios sobre las relaciones entre estr\u00e9s y salud consideran que la variable de apoyo social" ] }, { "id": "task1432-68a9cf572bfa44dc982946212db45911", "input": "We talk about Posttraumatic Stress Disorder deferred when the symptoms appear", "output": [ "Hablamos de Trastorno de Estr\u00e9s Postraum\u00e1tico diferido cuando los s\u00edntomas aparecen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b862614742542c7b5053aff81b738ec", "input": "What headache is the most frequent and is not usually accompanied by nausea ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 dolor de cabeza es el m\u00e1s frecuente y no suele acompa\u00f1arse de n\u00e1useas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3841987494ab4d3399d2a45ba99fcab5", "input": "To which disease do religious delusions and olfactory hallucinations usually associate, such as the smell of burnt rubber ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 enfermedad se suelen asociar las ideas delirantes religiosas y las alucinaciones olfativas como el olor a goma quemada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dc07bafe66b2498baa8de43038341ee7", "input": "Which of the following can be considered an extrinsic sleep problem or disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes puede considerarse un problema o trastorno extr\u00ednseco del sue\u00f1o?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f0ddf8c998d84447845d283a58ba1677", "input": "Which of the following is considered a diagnostic criterion for Delusional Disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes se considera un criterio diagn\u00f3stico del Trastorno Delirante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a310726690f34622a959c19333182470", "input": "Which of the following options refers, more properly, to the gradual development of an elaborate, intricate and complex system of thought based on the misinterpretation of an actual fact ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones hace alusi\u00f3n, m\u00e1s propiamente, al desarrollo gradual de un sistema de pensamiento elaborado, intrincado y complejo basado en la mala interpretaci\u00f3n de un hecho real?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aeff0587c8544d0ba9094aa300910d34", "input": "What is the name given to the belief that one is dead, empty, without viscera and, therefore, lacks a material body ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina a la creencia de que uno mismo est\u00e1 muerto, vac\u00edo, sin v\u00edsceras y, por lo tanto, carece de cuerpo material?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8d8c0ad3d1214efbb830aafcaa7fcdaa", "input": "Narcolepsy is characterized by abnormalities in sleep, including", "output": [ "La narcolepsia se caracteriza por anormalidades en el sue\u00f1o, entre las que se incluyen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d9703b91be94f0d99cbd5aa38988bbe", "input": "Which of the following constitute one of the most consistently found structural findings in schizophrenia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes constituyen uno de los hallazgos estructurales m\u00e1s consistentemente encontrados en la esquizofrenia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1a9a83a8256943f5a0103c555d607fbd", "input": "What type of delirium is most typical of late-onset schizophrenic psychosis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de delirio es m\u00e1s t\u00edpico de la psicosis de tipo esquizofr\u00e9nico de aparici\u00f3n tard\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0b1f17145a1f4b71b72f5a7236c4562f", "input": "What is the name of the belief of being infested by parasites, which are usually small but visible to him ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina a la creencia de estar infestado por par\u00e1sitos, que suelen ser peque\u00f1os, pero visibles para \u00e9l?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5a23d308da7441aaa490eb9cfe265d7", "input": "What name does the phenomenon receive in which the patient falsely identifies strangers thinking that they do know them ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 nombre recibe el fen\u00f3meno en el que el paciente identifica falsamente a desconocidos pensando que s\u00ed los conoce?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ae95983acdd440499d0562894d6dde6", "input": "The somniloquios are parasomnias that are classified within the", "output": [ "Los somniloquios son parasomnias que se clasifican dentro de los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-625b9de52c1f4021a71b14bede5d0761", "input": "What syndrome is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness that can last several weeks, disappearing spontaneously ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 s\u00edndrome se caracteriza por una somnolencia diurna excesiva que puede durar varias semanas, desapareciendo de forma espont\u00e1nea?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5099c30c30664076b137c2d60d4d0139", "input": "According to the DSM diagnostic classifications (IV-TR and 5) to describe a depressive disorder as recurrent, how many major depressive episodes must appear at least ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan las clasificaciones diagn\u00f3sticas DSM (IV-TR y 5) para que se califique como recurrente un trastorno depresivo \u00bfcu\u00e1ntos episodios depresivos mayores tienen que aparecer como m\u00ednimo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2b3147fa43f4457bdf98cc7ccca90f6", "input": "According to Lewinsohn's depression model, what is the cause of depression ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el modelo de depresi\u00f3n de Lewinsohn \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la causa de la depresi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1344c9ed3f054cbca7849e1c6e29a795", "input": "In which age segment is the most likely start of a bipolar disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 segmento de edad es m\u00e1s probable el inicio de un trastorno bipolar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce9c727753604822b8f16ee9b10f2ea2", "input": "Which of the following is a defining characteristic of melancholic depressive episodes and disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una caracter\u00edstica definitoria de los episodios y trastornos depresivos melanc\u00f3licos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-855ee5a59ff242bfa44257bdf7040583", "input": "What is the proportion of patients with anorexia nervosa who develop bulimia nervosa ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la proporci\u00f3n de pacientes con anorexia nerviosa que desarrollan bulimia nerviosa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-94a0e31b595a4b64b6b36d87b975ea86", "input": "Although the criteria of the DSM (IV-TR and 5) and ICD-10 for the concept of personality disorders is quite similar, it is not so much for", "output": [ "Aunque el criterio del DSM (IV-TR y 5) y CIE-10 para el concepto de trastornos de personalidad es bastante similar, no lo es tanto para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e0b748b8c284b7a99aa92f876c939cd", "input": "Among the psychological therapies developed specifically for the treatment of bipolar disorder are", "output": [ "Entre las terapias psicol\u00f3gicas desarrolladas espec\u00edficamente para el tratamiento del trastorno bipolar se encuentran" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd3629d0b52a4aa694981a9dd06edfb4", "input": "Which of the following statements can be applied to interpersonal depression therapy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones puede aplicarse a la terapia interpersonal de la depresi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0752072481641f8a20ac89a9b488615", "input": "Among the psychological treatments with greater empirical endorsement in terms of its efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults is", "output": [ "Entre los tratamientos psicol\u00f3gicos con mayor aval emp\u00edrico en cuanto a su eficacia en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor en adultos se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cd64ef6a707647eb9ece9ddcdb5a3ee2", "input": "The psychological treatments for bipolar disorder have in common that they intend to contribute to the prevention of relapses by training the patient", "output": [ "Los tratamientos psicol\u00f3gicos para el trastorno bipolar tienen en com\u00fan que pretenden contribuir a la prevenci\u00f3n de reca\u00eddas entrenando al paciente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d9303c818a8489dac1b1608f8be0c25", "input": "In the treatment of major depressive disorder, tricyclic antidepressants", "output": [ "En el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor, los antidepresivos tric\u00edclicos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3831ec5821c946189d32167c0b7f2eb2", "input": "What processing error occurs when a person with depression over-attends the information consistent with the scheme and does not pay attention to information not consistent with these assumptions ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 error de procesamiento se produce cuando una persona con depresi\u00f3n atiende en exceso a la informaci\u00f3n consistente con el esquema y no presta atenci\u00f3n a la informaci\u00f3n no consistente con esas suposiciones?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c24b4da253e48a08f27dcc3e1ad2667", "input": "Which of the following drugs is considered effective for the treatment of depression and belongs to the category of classic or first generation treatments ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos se considera eficaz para el tratamiento de la depresi\u00f3n y pertenece a la categor\u00eda de tratamientos cl\u00e1sicos o de primera generaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-96f475ba6d344f43b6974fc364505bef", "input": "Which of the following theoretical contributions in the understanding of depression hypothesizes that it is due to specific deficits in self-observation, self-assessment and self-reinforcement ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes aportaciones te\u00f3ricas en la comprensi\u00f3n de la depresi\u00f3n hipotetiza que la misma se debe a d\u00e9ficits espec\u00edficos en la autoobservaci\u00f3n, la autoevaluaci\u00f3n y el autorrefuerzo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d63af6a6860848a68d8cfe3b1ba7dabc", "input": "Which of the following therapies for depression is based on the basic idea that patients present significant difficulties in recognizing the connection between their behavior and its consequences in the interpersonal context ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes terapias para la depresi\u00f3n parte de la idea b\u00e1sica de que los pacientes presentan importantes dificultades a la hora de reconocer la conexi\u00f3n entre su comportamiento y sus consecuencias en el contexto interpersonal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20703c3d79764ec98eaec10fbebc7f79", "input": "What is the most commonly used drug for bipolar disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el f\u00e1rmaco m\u00e1s utilizado para el trastorno bipolar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5bfb21065f424dc29fe3d9b7a0be8c46", "input": "According to the reformulated theory of learned helplessness applied to depression, what two expectations does the person with depression have ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda reformulada de la indefensi\u00f3n aprendida aplicada a la depresi\u00f3n \u00bfqu\u00e9 dos expectativas presenta la persona con depresi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-54a1e8c39a26465e9143699581f991fd", "input": "One of the characteristics of behavioral dialectic therapy for borderline personality disorder, which differentiates it from classical cognitive behavioral therapy, is", "output": [ "Una de las caracter\u00edsticas de la terapia dial\u00e9ctica comportamental para el trastorno l\u00edmite de la personalidad, que la diferencia de la terapia cognitiva conductual cl\u00e1sica, es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-814a75cefe3347939903a6d5ceab347c", "input": "The theoretical orientation of therapy based on mentalization for personality disorders is", "output": [ "La orientaci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica de la terapia basada en la mentalizaci\u00f3n para los trastornos de la personalidad es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d0415403ae594fa7a6e2bbbef54cdf7d", "input": "One of the characteristics of the STEPPS program (Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving) for the treatment of personality disorders is", "output": [ "Una de las caracter\u00edsticas del programa STEPPS (Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving) para el tratamiento de los trastornos de la personalidad es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-32c34543407e4cddbe720e095dc79d8f", "input": "What are the Personality Disorders classified in group B ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los Trastornos de la personalidad clasificados en el grupo B?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-329d5b95c8e140e291bdfac6b7779dff", "input": "Which of these elements can put at risk the cognitive therapy of OCD ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos elementos puede poner en riesgo la terapia cognitiva del TOC?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-db3af53d3fa245ad82e056785919b12c", "input": "When a traumatic event occurs, the greatest risk of chronification of symptoms occurs in cases in which", "output": [ "Cuando ocurre un suceso traum\u00e1tico, el riesgo mayor de cronificaci\u00f3n de los s\u00edntomas se da en los casos en los que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da27f389e9bf4cafbddb2cd1e5159aab", "input": "In the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder", "output": [ "En el tratamiento del Trastorno por Ansiedad Generalizada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3e4f3bf3c2994161a597e0f32f4a4b6e", "input": "In the field of treatments for phobic disorders, which is the intervention that has the most empirical support ?", "output": [ "En el \u00e1mbito de los tratamientos de los Trastornos F\u00f3bicos \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la intervenci\u00f3n que cuenta con mayor apoyo emp\u00edrico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0af903488b4b45078b331683d3cbf5c0", "input": "In the metacognitive model of the psychological treatment of Wells Generalized Anxiety Disorder, the type 2 concern refers to", "output": [ "En el modelo metacognitivo del tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada de Wells, la preocupaci\u00f3n tipo 2 hace referencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-01053b6fd879483186c4b290e5a4066d", "input": "In the cognitive therapy of OCD, with what type of obsessions is it more important to question the excessive importance given to thoughts and the fusion thought-action moral type and probabilistic type ?", "output": [ "En la terapia cognitiva del TOC, con qu\u00e9 tipo de obsesiones resulta m\u00e1s importante cuestionar la excesiva importancia dada a los pensamientos y la fusi\u00f3n pensamiento-acci\u00f3n tipo moral y tipo probabil\u00edstico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a2e3d411cecb424cba3bc957a9aa1f5d", "input": "Interoceptive Exposure therapy is one of the components of psychological treatments of", "output": [ "La terapia de Exposici\u00f3n Interoceptiva constituye uno de los componentes de los tratamientos psicol\u00f3gicos de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9894244a116a44549fd0b0ecaeb69810", "input": "Regarding the Panic control program of the Barlow group, which of the following statements is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "Respecto del programa de tratamiento de control del P\u00e1nico del grupo de Barlow \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-318a2bca183045a99382242f74e4ea09", "input": "Currently, the most effective treatments for OCD are", "output": [ "En la actualidad, los tratamientos m\u00e1s eficaces para el TOC son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-96fbb161355246bbb0301d9b8b50dd4a", "input": "In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder", "output": [ "En el Trastorno por Estr\u00e9s Postraum\u00e1tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d5376a2e148146a7ac6b12d1e1efa481", "input": "One of the problems associated with exposure treatment with OCD response prevention is that", "output": [ "Uno de los problemas que se asocia al tratamiento de exposici\u00f3n con prevenci\u00f3n de respuesta para el TOC es que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-33cf0241c70445f391a69f0d20588b85", "input": "The cognitive treatments of Social Phobia have among its main objectives", "output": [ "Los tratamientos cognitivos de la Fobia Social tienen entre sus principales objetivos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dcebb6092b5b4867968e8d6facccc4cd", "input": "Which of these statements referring to the extinction procedure is INCORRECT ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas afirmaciones referidas al procedimiento de extinci\u00f3n es INCORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ddf49d49e957473ba4f6ed6ea413357a", "input": "In which of the following statements does the principle of Premack best be expressed ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones se expresa mejor el principio de Premack?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0426ddb73dfc4ecb92050f5907bf1c33", "input": "Which of the following statements is the CORRECT one regarding the response cost and the extinction as operative procedures for the reduction and / or elimination of a behavior? ", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es la CORRECTA respecto al coste de respuesta y la extinci\u00f3n como procedimientos operantes para la reducci\u00f3n y/o eliminaci\u00f3n de una conducta? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-74cd642a82b6427b84af276e72325d9a", "input": "From the psychodynamic models, the corrective emotional experience (Alexander and French), is characterized by", "output": [ "Desde los modelos psicodin\u00e1micos, la experiencia emocional correctora (Alexander y French), se caracteriza por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8068cf9775c0446cb098d12be13f67d1", "input": "The Systematic Selection of Treatments (Beutler and Harwood, 2000) suggests that for a treatment to be more beneficial, the relationship between different variables of the patient and certain characteristics of the treatment must be taken into account. Which of the following characteristics of the treatment is related to the treatment? Patient resistance ?", "output": [ "La Selecci\u00f3n Sistem\u00e1tica de Tratamientos (Beutler y Harwood, 2000) plantea que para que un tratamiento sea m\u00e1s beneficioso, debe tenerse en cuenta la relaci\u00f3n entre diferentes variables del paciente y determinadas caracter\u00edsticas del tratamiento \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas del tratamiento est\u00e1 relacionada con la resistencia del paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8071c21952b4a08abeb309c19feccf9", "input": "According to Bordin, the agreement in objectives, the agreement in tasks and the positive emotional bond are the three components of", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan Bordin, el acuerdo en objetivos, el acuerdo en tareas y el v\u00ednculo emocional positivo son los tres componentes de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e37a5c41fe894b53bbe2ab61829af400", "input": "According to Lambert (1986, 1992), what is the percentage of patient change explained by the common factors / therapeutic relationship ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan Lambert (1986, 1992) \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el porcentaje de cambio del paciente explicado por los factores comunes/relaci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76c5f3ec15ce4abf9a480bc2bda7b5a1", "input": "The introduction of a fading technique in a chip economy program would entail", "output": [ "La introducci\u00f3n de una t\u00e9cnica de desvanecimiento en un programa de econom\u00eda de fichas entra\u00f1ar\u00eda" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb94b7356c2e4cfca0788c00d8f6aac3", "input": "What kind of cognitive error consists in attributing responsibility for external errors or events to oneself even though there is no basis for it ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de error cognitivo consiste en atribuirse uno mismo la responsabilidad de errores o hechos externos aunque no haya base para ello?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-412abf9534e042fabf66257d18fd67bd", "input": "According to Carl Rogers, what are the three components of the therapist that facilitate the therapeutic change of the patient ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan Carl Rogers \u00bfcu\u00e1les son los tres componentes del terapeuta que facilitan el cambio terap\u00e9utico del paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-546612d8d94d4a53b4a46ef85e7e8ac2", "input": "Which disease requires the daily contribution of insulin because the pancreatic beta cells do not secrete it or do it insufficiently, and it usually appears in childhood-adolescence ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 enfermedad precisa del aporte diario de insulina debido a que las c\u00e9lulas beta pancre\u00e1ticas no la segregan o lo hacen de modo insuficiente, y adem\u00e1s suele aparecer en la infancia-adolescencia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3138ca374f1743298804f72513ca9de3", "input": "From the systemic perspective, the symptoms are considered", "output": [ "Desde la perspectiva sist\u00e9mica, los s\u00edntomas se consideran" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dfcd0a6782454841add0c1ea356fea5c", "input": "What psychotherapeutic models consider that the symptomatic manifestation is the expression of an intrapsychic conflict of the individual ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 modelos psicoterap\u00e9uticos consideran que la manifestaci\u00f3n sintom\u00e1tica es la expresi\u00f3n de un conflicto intraps\u00edquico del individuo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e6fe4a5945fb4eafaf92c1525b2bda70", "input": "In modeling and with regard to retention processes, it can be stated that", "output": [ "En el modelado y por lo que se refiere a los procesos de retenci\u00f3n, cabe afirmar que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af6d7205952647a48ef38d213639efa9", "input": "Regarding the generalization of social skills learned in the treatment of schizophrenia, which statement is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "Respecto de la generalizaci\u00f3n de las habilidades sociales aprendidas en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia \u00bfqu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es la CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-175a0da64de14c3b8d705e72cd8b7703", "input": "Why is the Community Assertive Treatment (TAC) defined for people with severe mental disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 caracter\u00edstica est\u00e1 definido el Tratamiento Asertivo Comunitario (TAC) para personas con trastorno mental grave?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d3132230b67141c8bdb481ddc1d06e76", "input": "In the cognitive rehabilitation of schizophrenia, which of the following statements is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "En la rehabilitaci\u00f3n cognitiva de la esquizofrenia \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea861abf64544995995f1cbfc23b3dca", "input": "Focusing techniques to reduce the frequency and discomfort associated with auditory hallucinations include", "output": [ "Las t\u00e9cnicas de focalizaci\u00f3n para reducir la frecuencia y malestar asociado a las alucinaciones auditivas incluyen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-491c8c560a344329a3945e9877a11416", "input": "Of the following elements, which are characteristic of a typical social skills training session for the treatment of schizophrenia ?", "output": [ "De los siguientes elementos \u00bfcu\u00e1les son caracter\u00edsticos en una sesi\u00f3n t\u00edpica de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales para el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9dbd28ab91304e32b5d7e1e8bdf2be11", "input": "Cognitive-behavioral treatments for positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) are not very effective", "output": [ "Los tratamientos cognitivo-conductuales para los s\u00edntomas positivos (alucinaciones y delirios) son poco eficaces" ] }, { "id": "task1432-403f0f2fe0184323919930e168542f72", "input": "Among the factors that have been shown to be associated with adherence to therapeutic treatments are NOT included", "output": [ "Entre los factores que han mostrado estar asociados a la adhesi\u00f3n a los tratamientos terap\u00e9uticos NO se incluyen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d4eaffcbd94e41cc8b7084bbf467da7c", "input": "In the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, what is the predictor of poor results that has shown the greatest consensus through the studies ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn el tratamiento de la Anorexia Nerviosa \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el factor predictor de pobres resultados que mayor consenso ha mostrado a trav\u00e9s de los estudios?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-42ba2294ba5b4edbbdb5e1d4b0ecbab7", "input": "What treatment is recommended for the unspecified eating disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento se recomienda para el trastorno de la conducta alimentaria no especificado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-232e5f626c144980ab2fa3b59f98f0ef", "input": "In the cognitive-behavioral treatment for Fairburn bulimia nervosa, what is the main objective of the third phase ?", "output": [ "En el tratamiento cognitivo-conductual para la bulimia nerviosa de Fairburn \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el objetivo principal de la tercera fase?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8b0ce9a9715848ed81e91e83a3d22929", "input": "What is the main objective that is intended with the technique of exposure to keys (Cue Exposure Theory, CET) in the treatment of drug addiction ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el principal objetivo que se pretende con la t\u00e9cnica de exposici\u00f3n a claves (Cue Exposure Theory, CET) en el tratamiento de la adicci\u00f3n a drogas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af8b093d3bde4ac8a6b33d60de92b2e9", "input": "One of the usual procedures in the treatment of gambling addiction is to motivate the player to be included in the list of self-excluded in bingos, casinos and online gambling, so that they can not access the premises or play online. What psychological procedure is based on self-exclusion ?", "output": [ "Uno de los procedimientos habituales en el tratamiento de la adicci\u00f3n al juego es motivar al jugador para que se incluya en la lista de autoexcluidos en bingos, casinos y juego online, de manera que no pueda acceder a locales ni jugar a trav\u00e9s de Internet \u00bfen qu\u00e9 procedimiento psicol\u00f3gico se basa la autoexclusi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f6bbafb40dd145168ef49354cd4e621d", "input": "The technique recommended by the NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) for the treatment of cocaine addiction is the Community Reinforcement with Incentive Therapy. In regards to incentive therapy, points (also called vouchers) are obtained by", "output": [ "La t\u00e9cnica recomendada por el NIDA (National Institute On Drug Abuse) para el tratamiento de la adicci\u00f3n a la coca\u00edna es el Reforzamiento Comunitario con Terapia de Incentivo. En lo que se refiere a la terapia de incentivo, los puntos (tambi\u00e9n denominados vouchers) se obtienen por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7a73749ac0794f3aba8904dd987965d5", "input": "What are the components of the psychoeducational intervention program developed by Fawzy and collaborators for cancer patients ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los componentes del programa de intervenci\u00f3n psicoeducativa desarrollado por Fawzy y colaboradores para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3bdf767668324c9cafb101acc59d030f", "input": "The aim of the behavioral intervention aimed at preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease is to modify, among other factors", "output": [ "La intervenci\u00f3n conductual dirigida a prevenir el riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular tiene por objetivo la modificaci\u00f3n, entre otros factores de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4655b6da73144d74835475d275b59263", "input": "The QLQ-C30 general quality of life questionnaire for cancer patients prepared by the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Therapy of Cancer) evaluates a series of domains that are NOT included", "output": [ "El cuestionario general de calidad de vida para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer QLQ-C30 elaborado por la EORTC (European Organization for Research and Therapy of Cancer) eval\u00faa una serie de dominios entre los que NO se incluye" ] }, { "id": "task1432-89499c4dfe1b4a29a9b4ee979873a63c", "input": "What consequences on the psychological refractory period (PRP) does the fact of increasing the interval (SOA) between the presentation of the stimuli ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 consecuencias sobre el periodo refractario psicol\u00f3gico (PRP) tiene el hecho de incrementar el intervalo (SOA) entre la presentaci\u00f3n de los est\u00edmulos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-02b3173379c44df784b122af42507a32", "input": "What operating procedure results in the withdrawal of a positive reinforcer after the execution of the response ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 procedimiento operante tiene como consecuencia la retirada de un reforzador positivo tras la ejecuci\u00f3n de la respuesta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b72dd1b45ec4d568aa07302ae527850", "input": "In a variable interval program of 20 sec. (IV20) When is the behavior of an individual reinforced ?", "output": [ "En un programa de intervalo variable de 20 seg. (IV20) \u00bfcu\u00e1ndo se refuerza la conducta de un individuo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0e7c1ac7483c4cdc99b93ab5802743c2", "input": "What type of conditioning allows to acquire classical conditioning without the presence of a primary unconditioned stimulus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de condicionamiento permite adquirir condicionamiento cl\u00e1sico sin la presencia de un est\u00edmulo incondicionado primario?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d34e6d11f34746a090661ce6d7d84068", "input": "The value of a physical dimension, above or below which a stimulus is detected or not detected, or the minimum amount of stimulation capable of producing a sensation 50% of the time is known as", "output": [ "Al valor de una dimensi\u00f3n f\u00edsica, por encima o por debajo de la cual se detecta o no se detecta un est\u00edmulo, o la cantidad m\u00ednima de estimulaci\u00f3n capaz de producir una sensaci\u00f3n el 50% del tiempo se le conoce como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c934494900674f79aeb6f59c497775f9", "input": "The phenomenon of Mach Bands is explained by the neurological mechanism of", "output": [ "El fen\u00f3meno de las Bandas de Mach se explica por el mecanismo de neurol\u00f3gico de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0799d2b5530247df916d43a50e84e2c7", "input": "According to Fechner's law", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la ley de Fechner" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65f11622464c495798bce7d69950aacc", "input": "What is the name of the phenomenon of remembering something that was forgotten, without a new learning or any other process of improvement in the ability to relive past experiences ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina al fen\u00f3meno de recordar algo que se hab\u00eda olvidado, sin que medie un nuevo aprendizaje o cualquier otro proceso de mejora en la capacidad para revivir experiencias pasadas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf418ede309543e5ad3096c012c5208f", "input": "What is the procedure designed by Ebbinghaus to measure retention or forgetting ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el procedimiento dise\u00f1ado por Ebbinghaus para medir la retenci\u00f3n o el olvido?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7dbf0a00ab444ae8b5be6287a69cbde7", "input": "The fundamental driver of behavior for Carl Rogers is", "output": [ "El dinamizador fundamental de la conducta para Carl Rogers es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0e44865c8204bdd879c009f8b5c077f", "input": "In Kurt Lewin's Field Theory the psychological distance", "output": [ "En la Teor\u00eda del Campo de Kurt Lewin la distancia psicol\u00f3gica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-24012456f7e047588a777b6352f27411", "input": "One of the factors related to the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome is", "output": [ "Uno de los factores relacionados con la patogenia del s\u00edndrome de Tourette es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cff3481ef1e140f28795386f8ced5872", "input": "What is the correct statement about Selective Mutism ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el enunciado correcto sobre el Mutismo Selectivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f566692f4a9442aca0844a930cfc8469", "input": "In nocturnal enuresis, urine leakage usually occurs in", "output": [ "En la enuresis nocturna los escapes de orina se producen habitualmente en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20c3a6d9dad24344b25de2227e903be2", "input": "Which of the following is a major component of the habit inversion technique for simple tics ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un componente principal de la t\u00e9cnica de la inversi\u00f3n del h\u00e1bito para los tics simples?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a519608e0b8048e193ec7e6ec5331531", "input": "According to Barkley's self-regulation model applied to ADHD, which of these behavioral patterns helps to define the underlying deficit of the disorder ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el modelo de autorregulaci\u00f3n de Barkley aplicado al TDAH \u00bfcu\u00e1l de estos patrones conductuales ayuda a definir el d\u00e9ficit subyacente del trastorno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b6537186cbb84c70a7633205462a757e", "input": "Children and adolescents with Generalized Social Phobia", "output": [ "Los ni\u00f1os y adolescentes con Fobia Social Generalizada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-edc5f133e738426ca22458caa602d491", "input": "The Defiant Negative Disorder", "output": [ "El Trastorno Negativista Desafiante" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f31f290c6ee34e6b86cfb1ee5360baa6", "input": "For what age group is the turtle technique indicated ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 grupo de edad est\u00e1 indicada la t\u00e9cnica de la tortuga?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-093681d921744011b2fe34333882548d", "input": "What strategy is usually discouraged in the psychological treatment of enuresis during the training period ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 estrategia se suele desaconsejar en el tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico de la enuresis durante el periodo de entrenamiento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-34d42dbf0db44d67a1dcb7f36548e5c2", "input": "What kind of differential reinforcement does the teacher apply to the student with behavioral problems when reinforcing him / her for each break without fights ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 clase de reforzamiento diferencial aplica el profesor al escolar con problemas de comportamiento cuando le refuerza por cada recreo sin peleas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dd746205e0bd4aadab3daa927e320d88", "input": "What are emotional stagings ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las escenificaciones emotivas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d048c69a1a8e4da29a40378cdec0ef0d", "input": "Which position is more indicated to prevent fainting in hematofobia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 posici\u00f3n es m\u00e1s indicada para prevenir el desmayo en la hematofobia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-80209ba0babe4fca9809f0cd1693273d", "input": "What therapy, in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy, is a well-established treatment for adolescent depression ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 terapia, adem\u00e1s de la cognitivoconductual, es un tratamiento bien establecido para la depresi\u00f3n adolescente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1c2df24dd70d4a388802fe7a58361471", "input": "A child with behavioral problems pulls the bowl of lentils to the ground. His parents force him to pick up what he has thrown away and to scrub the floor of the kitchen, what is the name of this type of punishment ?", "output": [ "Un ni\u00f1o con problemas de comportamiento tira el plato de lentejas al suelo. Sus padres le obligan a recoger lo que ha tirado y a fregar el suelo de la cocina \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina esta modalidad de castigo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f2c1031140a74467bedb431fffddda69", "input": "Which of the following types of therapy has shown greater effectiveness in the intervention with children suffering from an Autism Spectrum disorder? ", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes tipos de terapia ha demostrado mayor efectividad en la intervenci\u00f3n con ni\u00f1os que padecen alg\u00fan trastorno del Espectro Autista? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-b200bf80792c4801b9d9f0aa622e0976", "input": "What is the common denominator of well-established psychological treatments for childhood phobias ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el denominador com\u00fan de los tratamientos psicol\u00f3gicos bien establecidos para las fobias infantiles?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ef873318f5e5438cb102f2b63f667eed", "input": "In the processes of coercion present in the relationships of parents with their children when they present behavioral problems of a disruptive or disturbing type, the explanatory role of", "output": [ "En los procesos de coacci\u00f3n presentes en las relaciones de los padres con sus hijos cuando \u00e9stos presentan problemas de conducta de tipo disruptivo o perturbador, se ha remarcado el papel explicativo de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-db0bf383bdd642fb84cc3e89f0dcfb42", "input": "When is reinforcement of retention effort dispensed in retention training ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se dispensa el reforzamiento del esfuerzo de retenci\u00f3n en el entrenamiento en retenci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f7cc0cb86aa477d880253470bebd1aa", "input": "In the intelligence model of the three strata of Carroll", "output": [ "En el modelo de inteligencia de los tres estratos de Carroll" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e25a8c5a459b4183b53a72d87be07d5d", "input": "According to Guilford's intelligence model, systems, transformations and relationships are examples of", "output": [ "De acuerdo con el modelo de inteligencia de Guilford, los sistemas, transformaciones y relaciones son ejemplos de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c6bafde82721491c81842c8402ad9257", "input": "According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, what profiles of intelligence can be identified ?", "output": [ "De acuerdo con la teor\u00eda tri\u00e1rquica de Sternberg \u00bfqu\u00e9 perfiles de inteligencia se pueden identificar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-965d2ce2dfb148168decb2f15c18160f", "input": "In the face of stressful events, people with high complexity in their self-concept show, in comparison with the low in complexity", "output": [ "Ante sucesos estresantes, las personas con alta complejidad en su autoconcepto muestran, en comparaci\u00f3n con las bajas en complejidad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-582371cae0234435b58ed029188338b3", "input": "According to the Personality model of J.A. Gray, people high in Extraversion and Neuroticism are characterized by", "output": [ "De acuerdo con el modelo de Personalidad de J.A. Gray, las personas altas en Extraversi\u00f3n y Neuroticismo se caracterizan por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65b129a4a6224bf09cfbc04ed1742065", "input": "According to Cattell, indicate what type of data we are collecting if, to assess impulsivity, we have an individual draw a line as slowly as possible", "output": [ "De acuerdo con Cattell, se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 tipo de datos estamos recogiendo si, para evaluar la impulsividad, hacemos que un individuo dibuje una l\u00ednea lo m\u00e1s despacio posible" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5aef009f0e984a4dad8f38cf4044c091", "input": "Within the model of Five Factors, the Search for Emotions, is part of", "output": [ "Dentro del modelo de Cinco Factores, la B\u00fasqueda de Emociones, forma parte de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e068f8e60719420f901d9443b1c327c8", "input": "According to Bandura, which of the following is a determinant of self-efficacy beliefs ?", "output": [ "De acuerdo con Bandura \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un determinante de las creencias de autoeficacia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f825db1b4924620b4b61b4f46e4d996", "input": "Studies on behavioral genetics around the main dimensions of personality show that", "output": [ "Los estudios sobre gen\u00e9tica conductual en torno a la dimensiones principales de la personalidad muestran que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0ca697614f34de8b9300a0634abe88f", "input": "According to Cantor (1990,1994), the goals that individuals pursue in specific periods of life and specific contexts are called", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan Cantor (1990,1994), las metas que los individuos persiguen en periodos concretos de la vida y contextos espec\u00edficos se llaman" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2b2b829bd9624ead8bea0b6f512f645e", "input": "The tendency of the elderly to review their life trajectory and try to make sense of what they have experienced, with what life crisis is Erik Erikson related ?", "output": [ "La tendencia de las personas mayores a revisar su trayectoria vital y tratar de dar sentido a lo vivido \u00bfcon qu\u00e9 crisis vital est\u00e1 relacionada seg\u00fan Erik Erikson?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-175589872bdc444a8cba3fe42bd86d83", "input": "The reflection of the newborn by which if he brushes his cheek turns his head to that side and opens his mouth, what is it called ?", "output": [ "El reflejo del reci\u00e9n nacido por el que si se roza su mejilla gira la cabeza hacia ese lado y abre la boca \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-36ed58c9c9f14e96b4537b0dccdd13da", "input": "When an adolescent has not addressed identity problems or committed himself to any future option, in what state of identity is he, according to J. Marcia's model (in the context of E. Erikson's evolutionary approaches) ?", "output": [ "Cuando un adolescente no ha abordado los problemas de identidad ni se ha comprometido en ninguna opci\u00f3n de futuro \u00bf en qu\u00e9 estado de identidad se encuentra, seg\u00fan el modelo de J. Marcia (en el contexto de los planteamientos evolutivos de E. Erikson)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8d92e9d6145c414485bf77bc23e56965", "input": "What is the name of the process by which an expert (eg an adult) offers temporary help to a newbie (eg a child) to help him or her master a particular task or problem ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina el proceso por el que un experto (p.ej. un adulto) ofrece ayudas temporales a un novato (p.ej. un ni\u00f1o) para facilitar que domine una determinada tarea o problema?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-482a6293027d4f2fa6a5e343b5a242e9", "input": "The alteration that is characterized because the person says that he perceives himself in outer space, is called", "output": [ "La alteraci\u00f3n que se caracteriza porque la persona dice que se percibe a s\u00ed misma en el espacio exterior, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7499e04fc175462fb1641ba33b36a7b9", "input": "Unlike fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence", "output": [ "A diferencia de la inteligencia fluida, la inteligencia cristalizada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-87cc68d513e7467fbb744c05d7c47ffa", "input": "In what type of problems does the solution of them require the search of a sequence of operations that allow transforming the initial solution into another, which is the goal or objective ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 tipo de problemas la soluci\u00f3n de los mismos requiere la b\u00fasqueda de una secuencia de operaciones que permitan transformar la soluci\u00f3n inicial en otra, que constituye la meta u objetivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d7ce5c9478e24dfeb5d5b82b282f7760", "input": "Regarding the assumptions that must be met in order to apply parametric analysis techniques, indicate which of the following statements is INCORRECT", "output": [ "En lo que respecta a los supuestos que deben cumplirse para poder aplicar t\u00e9cnicas de an\u00e1lisis param\u00e9tricas, indique cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-075d87792ac14598b336ddce90d25858", "input": "The Probability of Persuasion Elaboration model establishes that the two fundamental components that determine the probability of the elaboration of a message are", "output": [ "El modelo de Probabilidad de Elaboraci\u00f3n de la Persuasi\u00f3n establece que los dos componentes fundamentales que determinan la probabilidad de la elaboraci\u00f3n de un mensaje son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-51e869a3bcbb4f4581c69638532f32f8", "input": "When the affective expression is discordant or inappropriate with the situation, it is called", "output": [ "Cuando la expresi\u00f3n afectiva es discordante o inadecuada con la situaci\u00f3n, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-43148ce615eb442cbee9d482767d4215", "input": "Indicate which of the following statements about apnea / hypopnea is CORRECT", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes enunciados sobre la apnea/hipoapnea es CORRECTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7cea93bfc7ca4df397f46ce96b92e794", "input": "The negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been fundamentally related to", "output": [ "Los s\u00edntomas negativos de la esquizofrenia se han relacionado fundamentalmente con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1544f244a9e145faaba226f9b1b6417d", "input": "Dinitrogen oxide is a gaseous substance that", "output": [ "El \u00f3xido dinitr\u00f3geno es una sustancia gaseosa que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c98303a119bd492abcc052d71da285b6", "input": "How is the SO2 molecule ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo es la mol\u00e9cula de SO2?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-921d0e710e5f4ed38cfd8e80c35028ef", "input": "The trans effect is the influence of a ligand in trans to the overhang with respect to", "output": [ "El efecto trans es la influencia de un ligando en trans al saliente con respecto a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4fbba72c1b144e8686d594fd31cde12f", "input": "Phosphorus is a very reactive element, but the most reactive allotropic form of all is", "output": [ "El f\u00f3sforo es un elemento muy reactivo, pero la forma alotr\u00f3pica m\u00e1s reactiva de todas es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1004a2271c2c4c9abb0bdae1ed57ec67", "input": "What antiknock added to gasoline was the cause of lead contamination produced on a large scale during the last century ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 antidetonante a\u00f1adido a la gasolina fue el causante de la contaminaci\u00f3n por plomo producida a gran escala durante el siglo pasado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d86bb2d07e44438927b57fcdf7dd805", "input": "What happens when in a Frost diagram a species is found above the line formed by the two neighboring species ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre cuando en un diagrama de Frost una especie se encuentra por encima de la l\u00ednea formada por las dos especies vecinas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5116be571c1c4f818f9282b5e55a8441", "input": "One of the keys to the very important catalytic oxidation of ammonia (Ostwald process) is", "output": [ "Una de las claves de la important\u00edsima oxidaci\u00f3n catal\u00edtica del amoniaco (proceso Ostwald) es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b81100a5577345dd95ae66bbf15beadb", "input": "In the steel formation, which of these statements is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "En la formaci\u00f3n de acero, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de estas afirmaciones es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8b5eb56aceec4dde9619a14a8e81d687", "input": "With what elements do you form xenon compounds ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 elementos forma compuestos el xenon?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d740c01ea3884fb6bc562ec20ab1c19d", "input": "Which statement is CORRECT in relation to Avogadro's number ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es CORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n con el n\u00famero de Avogadro?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1f5e5f53af9048c48aee770daae6339e", "input": "In relation to the possible electronic transitions produced by electromagnetic radiation, what statement is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con las posibles transiciones electr\u00f3nicas producidas por radiaci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica, \u00bfqu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e95c93ada8a945909ddebf6fdb192711", "input": "Which answer is CORRECT in relation to a phase transition entropy at a given pressure ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 respuesta es CORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n con una entrop\u00eda de transici\u00f3n de fase a una presi\u00f3n determinada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-49f454599dc544da8ab9194c6e39e02b", "input": "What does the first principle of thermodynamics say ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 dice el primer principio de la termodin\u00e1mica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a1b1279c1f9b4628a71eb3794b59ac74", "input": "Could you cite three transition metals that give mononuclear carbonyls ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPodr\u00eda citar tres metales de transici\u00f3n que den carbonilos mononucleares?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-61f4ea624a35450caa94583a01e37d50", "input": "Which answer is CORRECT in relation to the phase diagram of a pure substance ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 respuesta es CORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n con el diagrama de fases de una sustancia pura?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-59d6ab6211344684a0bf52518d05fa90", "input": "How many microstates has a p2 configuration ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos microestados presenta una configuraci\u00f3n p2?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-09da1557f8a84b4db466fb5dbf4703f9", "input": "What answer indicates the main characteristic of colligative properties of solutions ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 respuesta indica la principal caracter\u00edstica de las propiedades coligativas de las disoluciones?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da782689ae674c1bbc6d4163ecb06d1b", "input": "Which answer is CORRECT in relation to the resolution of the Schr\u00f6dinger equation for the hydrogen atom ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 respuesta es CORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n con la resoluci\u00f3n de la ecuaci\u00f3n de Schr\u00f6dinger para el \u00e1tomo de hidr\u00f3geno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-670005d6406642118eddad89729e61e8", "input": "If the molar conductivity of an electrolyte in a solution is defined as the quotient of its specific conductivity and its molar concentration, should the molar conductivity be kept constant by varying the concentration of the solution?", "output": [ "Si la conductividad molar de un electrolito en una disoluci\u00f3n se define como el cociente de su conductividad espec\u00edfica y su concentraci\u00f3n molar, \u00bfdebe mantenerse constante la conductividad molar al variar la concentraci\u00f3n de la disoluci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-047b9471cbaa4ec7b07cb874e784e0c2", "input": "What coordination indexes can oxygen have in ionic oxides ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 \u00edndices de coordinaci\u00f3n puede tener el ox\u00edgeno en los \u00f3xidos i\u00f3nicos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-85934805711d43dea33437a3010268ce", "input": "Thermoplastic polymers", "output": [ "Los pol\u00edmeros termopl\u00e1sticos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d3693c7605ef4dcea2efcd4bd220ae49", "input": "What happens when a piece of sodium at 100 \u00b0 C is heated in a stream of chlorine ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre cuando se calienta una pieza de sodio a 100 \u00baC en una corriente de cloro?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-abf7add8c1c04a5eaf281375a4e8ee3e", "input": "What is the process called by which a steel pipe connected to a copper pipe in a domestic hot water heater corrodes in the vicinity of the union ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina el proceso por el cual un tubo de acero conectado a un tubo de cobre en un calentador de agua dom\u00e9stico se corroe en la proximidad de la uni\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f0319038da04cca9cf58ddfe1bcdefe", "input": "Which of the following sulfur hexahalides exists ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes hexahaluros de azufre existe?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b9c3abfb215745b1b66d919dac7c53c8", "input": "What is the name of the measure of the degree of plastic deformation that has supported a material until the break ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina la medida del grado de deformaci\u00f3n pl\u00e1stica que ha soportado un material hasta la rotura?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5791c8596a5b4b8b8756a53a0e83865a", "input": "Ammonia is a reducer because", "output": [ "El amon\u00edaco es un reductor porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65b01bd80ba441ed967e29098b4f0589", "input": "The product obtained by the transformation from a non-crystalline to a crystalline state by suitable high-temperature heat treatment", "output": [ "El producto obtenido por la transformaci\u00f3n desde un estado no cristalino a uno cristalino mediante tratamiento t\u00e9rmico adecuado de alta temperatura" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52cbbf07002d461eb2e50e762ff4f823", "input": "The slip is a suspension of", "output": [ "La barbotina es una suspensi\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-767616f7b6624f33a754c86a299639b7", "input": "What are graphite and diamond?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 son entre s\u00ed grafito y diamante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-31b4156756bd44eaa6ac603df334d1a4", "input": "What happens if the lithium reacts with water ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 se produce si el litio reacciona con agua?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9dc27c8bf3274a3694e925d4b9e59924", "input": "How is the fragile fracture carried out ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se lleva a cabo la fractura fr\u00e1gil?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-034764b18a8f486dbe0a481053984364", "input": "How is mercury obtained industrially ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se obtiene el mercurio industrialmente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e1286adcf3cb4fb99a509be37f5e02dc", "input": "How are single wall carbon nanotubes formed ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1n formados los nanotubos de carbono de pared simple?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a82682d5f7164ad4bea8df87b278c1d6", "input": "A structural composite material is used in applications that require high tensile strength and", "output": [ "Un material compuesto estructural se utiliza en aplicaciones que requieren una elevada resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n y" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e4c45a3c7a3e4b71936848db8237d44a", "input": "How is the eluent strength increased in reversed phase high resolution liquid chromatography ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se aumenta la fuerza eluyente en cromatograf\u00eda de l\u00edquidos de alta resoluci\u00f3n en fase inversa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-82f126696b4b487388ca5b46a13fa116", "input": "To separate anions using the ion exchange liquid chromatography technique can be used as a stationary phase", "output": [ "Para separar aniones mediante la t\u00e9cnica de cromatograf\u00eda l\u00edquida de intercambio i\u00f3nico se puede utilizar como fase estacionaria" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9b1064ec2ca543aa97ad828f296c520c", "input": "Which of the following statements about the KMNO4 is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre el KMNO4 es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9fb16540b4644305b608104ba7830cc2", "input": "In the technique of capillary electrophoresis, one of the ways to introduce the sample in the separation capillary is by hydrodynamic injection. How is this form of injection carried out ?", "output": [ "En la t\u00e9cnica de electroforesis capilar, una de las formas de introducir la muestra en el capilar de separaci\u00f3n es mediante inyecci\u00f3n hidrodin\u00e1mica. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se lleva a cabo esta forma de inyecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0a84508fa70a4c96a5aaccbd327696d6", "input": "In liquid-liquid dispersive microextraction, what is added to the aqueous sample containing the analyte to be extracted? ", "output": [ "En la microextracci\u00f3n l\u00edquido-l\u00edquido dispersiva \u00bfqu\u00e9 se a\u00f1ade sobre la muestra acuosa que contiene el analito a extraer? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-127dadc8d9964de0b68e158ff0f13350", "input": "Which of the following sequence sequences is the CORRECT one when the solid phase extraction technique is applied ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes secuencias de etapas es la CORRECTA cuando se aplica la t\u00e9cnica de extracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d196493989b9499182fd6eb9c6131054", "input": "Deuterium lamps are used as a source of excitation in Molecular Spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region because in said region", "output": [ "Las l\u00e1mparas de deuterio se utilizan como fuente de excitaci\u00f3n en Espectrofotometr\u00eda Molecular en la regi\u00f3n del ultravioleta porque en dicha regi\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f1ae205cb0444ad5863a758397c9222d", "input": "The radiation emitted by a solution of a fluorescent molecule always appears at", "output": [ "La radiaci\u00f3n emitida por una disoluci\u00f3n de una mol\u00e9cula fluorescente aparece siempre a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fc883445b8704859b746472ace657dbb", "input": "The internal standard calibration method is used in the gas chromatography technique to", "output": [ "El m\u00e9todo de calibrado de patr\u00f3n interno se utiliza en la t\u00e9cnica de cromatograf\u00eda de gases para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6baf4d72c5d945519d0c227e1bff6fba", "input": "How does dissolution behave during electrolysis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se comporta la disoluci\u00f3n durante una electrolisis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fda872deb8d842efaf244df538500d40", "input": "To carry out a potentiometric titration at i = 0, would you always need a reference electrode ?", "output": [ "Para llevar a cabo una valoraci\u00f3n potenciom\u00e9trica a i=0 \u00bfse necesitar\u00eda siempre un electrodo de referencia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9647da322ca44aa78c7b99626a222f3d", "input": "The precision of an analytical method is determined", "output": [ "La precisi\u00f3n de un m\u00e9todo anal\u00edtico se determina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c794c33603046d582a5d6555bc8b192", "input": "The triprotic acid H3A has pKa1 = 2.2, pKa2 = 7.2 and pKa3 = 12.3. What is the predominant species at pH = 1 ?", "output": [ "El \u00e1cido tripr\u00f3tico H3A tiene pKa1 = 2.2, pKa2 =7.2 y pKa3 = 12.3. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la especie predominante a pH = 1?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ee58841addc44e1495783ac45066d8cf", "input": "The separation factor or selectivity factor (\u03b1) of a chromatographic column for two species A and B", "output": [ "El factor de separaci\u00f3n o factor de selectividad (\u03b1) de una columna cromatogr\u00e1fica para dos especies A y B" ] }, { "id": "task1432-422f52e00b81489b8b366365f67df213", "input": "Separations by capillary zone electrophoresis are characterized by the fact that the species move through a capillary by the action of an electric field, so that", "output": [ "Las separaciones mediante electroforesis capilar de zona se caracterizan porque las especies se desplazan a trav\u00e9s de un capilar por acci\u00f3n de un campo el\u00e9ctrico, de manera que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27949ba8099d49f4b48312019ec07dba", "input": "Gas chromatography is the method of choice for the separation of substances", "output": [ "La cromatograf\u00eda de gases es el m\u00e9todo de elecci\u00f3n para la separaci\u00f3n de sustancias" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dd4db06e6710488eb6a46a25b45d21d8", "input": "In some sample preparation and treatment procedures prior to analysis, the solid phase extraction technique is used. This technique", "output": [ "En algunos procedimientos de preparaci\u00f3n y tratamiento de la muestra antes de su an\u00e1lisis, se utiliza la t\u00e9cnica de extracci\u00f3n en fase s\u00f3lida. Esta t\u00e9cnica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb2ef6bee3a94bce92501ad4c38e0889", "input": "How many experiments should be done in a complete factorial design to study five factors each of them at two levels ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos experimentos deben realizarse en un dise\u00f1o factorial completo para estudiar cinco factores cada uno de ellos a dos niveles?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-812d0b6ea81942a88daa33347f669500", "input": "In the techniques of liquid column chromatography is called dead time of the column a", "output": [ "En las t\u00e9cnicas de cromatograf\u00eda l\u00edquida en columna se denomina tiempo muerto de la columna a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-adea1ab7e2b044b5a28c7f24c02897a7", "input": "In the isoelectric focusing technique (isoelectric focus) the analytes are separated by the difference of", "output": [ "En la t\u00e9cnica de isoelectroenfoque (enfoque isoel\u00e9ctrico) los analitos se separan por la diferencia de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e16bce15bc741908ee0c55b0b805f14", "input": "In an amperometric assessment made unlike controlled potential", "output": [ "En una valoraci\u00f3n amperom\u00e9trica realizada a diferencia de potencial controlado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e2cc91e6a8794412b87232aaddda5740", "input": "What is the basis of a selective oxygen electrode or Clark electrode ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el fundamento de un electrodo selectivo de ox\u00edgeno o electrodo de Clark?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3a51c4ef369049f396fa3ff2c47d7d43", "input": "What is the most important requirement in a controlled potential coulometry ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el requisito m\u00e1s importante en una culombimetr\u00eda a potencial controlado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-623c9228506a479c967eb425442320ab", "input": "In separations by liquid-liquid extraction, the fraction extracted from an analyte", "output": [ "En las separaciones mediante extracci\u00f3n l\u00edquido-l\u00edquido, la fracci\u00f3n extra\u00edda de un analito" ] }, { "id": "task1432-171f8cccae5b4ec9a79af684d1cb0411", "input": "The electronic capture detector is a detection system that is used in the gas chromatography technique. This detector responds selectively to", "output": [ "El detector de captura electr\u00f3nica, es un sistema de detecci\u00f3n que se utiliza en la t\u00e9cnica de cromatograf\u00eda de gases. Este detector responde selectivamente a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7392175e39a047a8afc23a2665fef3c6", "input": "Size exclusion chromatography is a liquid column chromatography method in which", "output": [ "La cromatograf\u00eda de exclusi\u00f3n por tama\u00f1o es una modalidad de cromatograf\u00eda l\u00edquida en columna en la que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7cf4937b590e47d2a9830bdcef1b4d75", "input": "What is the most basic aspect of a chronot\u00e9cnica ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el aspecto m\u00e1s b\u00e1sico de una cronot\u00e9cnica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-391d38dac4bc4b0b8eba61224abec766", "input": "Why does a potentiostat need an auxiliary electrode ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 necesita un potenciostato un electrodo auxiliar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7b6d20a50794261a9170f942a7aac89", "input": "In a linear sweep voltammetry, the potential", "output": [ "En una voltamperometr\u00eda de barrido lineal, el potencial" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f6a03366c32e4eb59d0fb666fcd5f145", "input": "An organic acid R-COOH (pKa = 7) is separated by liquid-liquid extraction with a suitable organic solvent. The largest fraction extracted will be obtained for", "output": [ "Un \u00e1cido org\u00e1nico R-COOH (pKa=7) se separa mediante extracci\u00f3n l\u00edquido-l\u00edquido con un disolvente org\u00e1nico adecuado. La mayor fraccion extraida se obtendr\u00e1 para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-291cf4b324e2464f9e897c02463833f5", "input": "Considering an electrochemical cell, the term polarization refers to", "output": [ "Considerando una celda electroqu\u00edmica, el t\u00e9rmino polarizaci\u00f3n hace referencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cc94a5d06fba4d29b840632f0125b035", "input": "In gravimetric analysis the digestion of the precipitate is necessary to obtain", "output": [ "En an\u00e1lisis gravim\u00e9trico la digesti\u00f3n del precipitado es necesaria para obtener" ] }, { "id": "task1432-998d7175d5fb4efab0389f0dbfb9bd8f", "input": "What is the chemical species that acts as a reducer in the following redox reaction ? MnO2 + 3I- + 4H3O + \u2192 Mn2 + + I-3 + 6H2O", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la especie qu\u00edmica que act\u00faa como reductor en la siguiente reacci\u00f3n redox? MnO2 + 3I- + 4H3O+ \u2192 Mn2+ + I-3 + 6H2O" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1352b9673b7a4f8c91e7ff069cde79de", "input": "In atomic absorption spectrophotometry, which flame provides the highest temperature ?", "output": [ "En la espectrofotometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica, \u00bfqu\u00e9 llama proporciona mayor temperatura?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-89a6f56c193344e581efc1ef76fdb376", "input": "In the analysis of multivariate data linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is considered a technique of", "output": [ "En el an\u00e1lisis de datos multivariantes el an\u00e1lisis discriminante lineal (LDA) se considera una t\u00e9cnica de " ] }, { "id": "task1432-324d65ae2a5a4cd2ade581d73bdec0f0", "input": "When should the standard addition calibration technique be applied ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo debe aplicarse la t\u00e9cnica de calibraci\u00f3n por adici\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8fd3183ba74f4b9b875f1233faca8ab3", "input": "Which of the following parameters should be modified to reduce the retention time of chromatographic peaks in gas chromatography ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes par\u00e1metros se debe modificar para reducir el tiempo de retenci\u00f3n de los picos cromatogr\u00e1ficos en cromatograf\u00eda de gases?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b8aad077b534943ac35101d7e67da11", "input": "What is the mission of the transducer ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la misi\u00f3n del transductor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-68ae726ec2074aec868c707b2a567f1f", "input": "Which of the following chemometric tools belongs to the group of techniques for recognition of non-supervised guidelines ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes herramientas quimiom\u00e9tricas pertenece al grupo de las t\u00e9cnicas de reconocimiento de pautas NO supervisadas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a631a641b6f7401b860f8b18f6572dec", "input": "What is the pH of a 10-8M HCl solution ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el pH de una disoluci\u00f3n de HCI 10-8M?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fc61114e6e67411f85bb4ccaddd9a420", "input": "What type of detectors are used in the ion chromatography technique with suppressor columns ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de detectores se utilizan en la t\u00e9cnica de cromatograf\u00eda i\u00f3nica con columnas supresoras?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1bb5390ba2a34a15bab46fa61640d9e1", "input": "What is the titrant reagent in the determination of the hardness of a water sample by means of complex formation assessment ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el reactivo valorante en la determinaci\u00f3n de la dureza de una muestra de agua mediante valoraci\u00f3n de formaci\u00f3n de complejos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93bb0d9cb7ca4772b04417beec6d759b", "input": "Which of the following statements of the flame ionization detector is CORRECT? ", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones del detector de ionizaci\u00f3n de llama es CORRECTA? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-526c462e28474eb9bbfbe279b2dfaec1", "input": "What process takes place in the analyzer of a quadrupole mass spectrometer ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 proceso tiene lugar en el analizador de un espectr\u00f3metro de masa de cuadrupolo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c34448cd4a7d402fa17e498088a1e7f5", "input": "What information is represented on the abscissa axis of a mass spectrum ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 informaci\u00f3n se representa en el eje de abscisas de un espectro de masa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2bda014b89c146a7aae19a1b862fd13c", "input": "Crossed aldol condensations in which a ketone reacts with an aromatic aldehyde are known as", "output": [ "Las condensaciones ald\u00f3licas cruzadas en las que una cetona reacciona con un aldeh\u00eddo arom\u00e1tico se conocen como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5706250f0ada4230b239e2fe2b1d3096", "input": "Which phrase of the following is CORRECT on the additions of enolate anions to \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated carbonyl compounds ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 frase de las siguientes es CORRECTA sobre las adiciones de aniones enolatos a compuestos carbon\u00edlicos \u03b1,\u03b2-insaturados?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-18c5474cf54f465982f407e69419c3de", "input": "The hydrolysis of 2-bromo-2-methylpentane takes place through a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution, the determining step is the dissociation to give", "output": [ "La hidr\u00f3lisis del 2-bromo-2-metilpentano transcurre a trav\u00e9s de una sustituci\u00f3n nucleof\u00edlica unimolecular, la etapa determinante es la disociaci\u00f3n para dar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3fbe0bc4a1144cd2854806dd1c75ad84", "input": "Teflon is an inert plastic that is obtained from", "output": [ "El tefl\u00f3n es un pl\u00e1stico inerte que se obtiene a partir del" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9bd3b1aef32d43e2998648d6dfd60bd8", "input": "The successive reaction of toluene with N-bromosuccinimide, sodium hydroxide and pyridinium chlorochromate generates", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n sucesiva de tolueno con N-bromosuccinimida, hidr\u00f3xido de sodio y clorocromato de piridinio genera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5a6574c5f36a4d02b281c5255dfb49be", "input": "Which of the following compounds have less acidic character than benzoic acid ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes compuestos tienen menos car\u00e1cter \u00e1cido que el \u00e1cido benzoico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c334b0a8ba04e8cb86e8fd504b64033", "input": "In the Second Order Nucleophilic Substitution (SN2) reactions, the most reactive substrates are", "output": [ "En las reacciones de Sustituci\u00f3n Nucleof\u00edlica de Segundo Orden (SN2) los sustratos m\u00e1s reactivos son los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ab5f7c61b01341a6b4fb759535aec589", "input": "The preparation of organometallic compounds from haloalkanes illustrates an important concept of synthetic organic chemistry", "output": [ "La preparaci\u00f3n de compuestos organomet\u00e1licos a partir de haloalcanos ilustra un concepto importante de la Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica sint\u00e9tica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5b9112f73c146a1abf640a8dbe17dee", "input": "In the transposition of Beckmann an oxime becomes", "output": [ "En la transposici\u00f3n de Beckmann una oxima se convierte en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a7bc35e767524379b013e0ae1e779adb", "input": "The -OH, -OR and -NR2 groups are", "output": [ "Los grupos \u2013OH, -OR y \u2013NR2 son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b15627d40daa4401a22b4990872cc841", "input": "The carbonyl carbon of aldehydes and ketones has hybridization", "output": [ "El carbono carbon\u00edlico de aldeh\u00eddos y cetonas tiene hibridaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-701edf4b5c9f43629d411953e22a6751", "input": "The unique oxidation of the aldehyde group of a monosaccharide leads to a", "output": [ "La oxidaci\u00f3n \u00fanica del grupo aldeh\u00eddo de un monosac\u00e1rido conduce a un" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c016249afed46ee8cec5cb022ad637e", "input": "Heating of cyclopentanecarboxamide with aqueous sulfuric acid followed by treatment with thionyl chloride and pyridine gives", "output": [ "El calentamiento de ciclopentanocarboxamida con \u00e1cido sulf\u00farico acuoso seguido de tratamiento con cloruro de tionilo y piridina da" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ad7da52c49ab4e38be48ca7a49094171", "input": "What is the shape of the signal observed in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for the four hydrogens of the oxygenated methylenes of diethyl ether ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la forma de la se\u00f1al que se observa en el espectro de resonancia magn\u00e9tica nuclear para los cuatro hidr\u00f3genos de los metilenos oxigenados del \u00e9ter diet\u00edlico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d5c5ef6ffe74ebb8d43d3e5730c193c", "input": "Which functional group of the following is a priority and should be chosen as the main function according to the rules of systematic nomenclature of the IUPAC in a molecule that contains all of them ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 grupo funcional de los siguientes es prioritario y debe elegirse como funci\u00f3n principal seg\u00fan las reglas de nomenclatura sistem\u00e1tica de la IUPAC en una mol\u00e9cula que contenga todos ellos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aada665bdf7b4e33b9130f961beaa87d", "input": "The key intermediates in the Friedel-Crafts alknoilations are", "output": [ "Los intermedios claves en las alcanoilaciones de Friedel-Crafts son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f45050a646c645ba98ced7994df5a2d8", "input": "Which prefix should be used to systematically name the structure substituent -SH ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 prefijo debe utilizarse para nombrar sistem\u00e1ticamente al sustituyente de estructura \u2013SH?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e2adcbe148c44110996e6b4147c0c666", "input": "What name does the aromatic tricyclic hydrocarbon formed by fused rings of six members arranged in a linear form and whose molecular formula is C14H10 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 nombre recibe el hidrocarburo tric\u00edclico arom\u00e1tico formado por anillos fusionados de seis miembros dispuestos en forma lineal y cuya f\u00f3rmula molecular es C14H10?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-95a2e4c72619451383082e185d7ab224", "input": "The major product of the reaction of methyl propanoate and methyl formate in sodium methoxide in methanol and subsequent acid hydrolysis is", "output": [ "El producto mayoritario de la reacci\u00f3n de propanoato de metilo y formiato de metilo en met\u00f3xido de sodio en metanol y posterior hidr\u00f3lisis \u00e1cida es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-982b3e20d986434f9e3742880160a401", "input": "How many fluorine atoms does the perfluorooctane molecule have ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos \u00e1tomos de fl\u00faor tiene la mol\u00e9cula de perfluorooctano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f8e639939a184acabd1b8d8c2a691543", "input": "When treating a primary alcohol with HBr, the corresponding haloalkane is normally obtained by SN2 reaction through", "output": [ "Al tratar un alcohol primario con HBr se obtiene normalmente el correspondiente haloalcano por reacci\u00f3n SN2 a trav\u00e9s del" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0bcaea3a50a41979563b3a4baeae026", "input": "What is the approximate chemical shift of the singlet signal that is observed in a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for the three hydrogens of the acetyl group present in ethyl acetate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el desplazamiento qu\u00edmico aproximado de la se\u00f1al singlete que se observa en un espectro de resonancia magn\u00e9tica nuclear para los tres hidr\u00f3genos del grupo acetilo presentes en el acetato de etilo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69622322a4aa44aa84898db91fd92d67", "input": "How many members is the ring of a \u03b2-lactam ?", "output": [ "\u00bfDe cu\u00e1ntos miembros es el anillo de una \u03b2lactama?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7f40c731d8546a889254ca6524c1714", "input": "What role does dimethyl sulfide play in the alkylation reaction it undergoes when it is reacted with methyl iodide ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 papel desempe\u00f1a el sulfuro de dimetilo en la reacci\u00f3n de alquilaci\u00f3n que sufre cuando se le hace reaccionar con yoduro de metilo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45a1ec2353b54f9e88ae8f73542b90e6", "input": "Grignard reagents react with ethylene oxide to produce", "output": [ "Los reactivos de Grignard reaccionan con \u00f3xido de etileno para producir" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ac5a66887a340529623cdd93bd321c4", "input": "In the Second Order Nucleophilic Substitution reactions (SN2) occurs", "output": [ "En las reacciones de Sustituci\u00f3n Nucleof\u00edlica de Segundo Orden (SN2) se produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-454b2bd86f9e4c7cb899ebe6c00a6af2", "input": "Aldehydes and ketones react with phosphorus ylides to give alkenes and triphenylphosphine oxide. This reaction is known as", "output": [ "Aldeh\u00eddos y cetonas reaccionan con iluros de f\u00f3sforo para dar alquenos y \u00f3xido de trifenilfosfina. Esta reacci\u00f3n se conoce como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3fc2cfa80f4040b89486f2a8836e011a", "input": "The compounds capable of forming an enolate react with formaldehyde imines and a primary or secondary amine to give compounds", "output": [ "Los compuestos capaces de formar un enolato reaccionan con iminas de formaldehido y una amina primaria o secundaria para dar compuestos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e910c270e7d44c25b3d287ef2e2f2ac0", "input": "The addition of an acetylide ion to a carbonyl group provides after adding water or diluted acids", "output": [ "La adici\u00f3n de un i\u00f3n acetiluro a un grupo carbonilo proporciona despu\u00e9s de adicionar agua o \u00e1cidos diluidos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ba7b7974e5546b4a67d52b997371052", "input": "The oxidation of a phenol with chromic acid produces", "output": [ "La oxidaci\u00f3n de un fenol con \u00e1cido cr\u00f3mico produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cdf10772069946da8d26b63f6cff6356", "input": "The addition of Grignard reagents (Magnesians) to ethylene oxide, provides after protonation", "output": [ "La adici\u00f3n de reactivos de Grignard (Magnesianos) a \u00f3xido de etileno, proporciona despu\u00e9s de la protonaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5605d732d3bf4edaa6abadd619f267dd", "input": "In infrared spectroscopy, every organic molecule has characteristic signals below 1500cm-1 known as the region of", "output": [ "En espectroscop\u00eda infrarroja, toda mol\u00e9cula org\u00e1nica posee se\u00f1ales caracter\u00edsticas por debajo de 1500cm-1 que se conoce como regi\u00f3n de " ] }, { "id": "task1432-bec96a298eb34e96b28703398a3f3c7b", "input": "Infrared spectroscopy is useful for identifying terminal alkynes. These have characteristic bands of tension of the triple bond between", "output": [ "La espectroscop\u00eda infrarroja es \u00fatil para identificar alquinos terminales. Estos poseen bandas caracter\u00edsticas de tensi\u00f3n del triple enlace entre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7de86e472c345ccbbda0ae04f8129ce", "input": "Cyclohexanone reacts with pyrrolidine to give", "output": [ "La ciclohexanona reacciona con la pirrolidina para dar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c39098aee71d4f51820bbdb5e1fa6bcf", "input": "The Hofmann elimination is a reaction in which a tetralkylammonium salt in basic medium becomes", "output": [ "La eliminaci\u00f3n de Hofmann es una reacci\u00f3n en la que una sal de tetralquilamonio en medio b\u00e1sico se convierte en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-74d4c528fd7b4b5ab0f243b676358aec", "input": "The mechanisms of palladium-catalyzed couplings such as Stille, Negishi or Suzuki begin with", "output": [ "Los mecanismos de los acoplamientos catalizados por paladio como Stille, Negishi o Suzuki comienzan por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2eda96aa6af7455dbf1116fd9c7dcf8e", "input": "Swern's oxidation uses dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an oxidizing agent to transform alcohols into", "output": [ "La oxidaci\u00f3n de Swern utiliza sulf\u00f3xido de dimetilo (DMSO) como agente oxidante para transformar alcoholes en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0b1b452f425147e896e9f971ad59d505", "input": "The hydroxy acids can be esterified intramolecularly producing", "output": [ "Los hidroxi\u00e1cidos pueden esterificarse intramolecularmente produciendo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0975c7dafeb4b92bc6cd61bae630cdc", "input": "Acetals are protective groups that hydrolyze with", "output": [ "Los acetales son grupos protectores que se hidrolizan con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-73dd17d7fc8440349392547e4495f01c", "input": "A tertiary amine can be obtained by reaction of ketones or aldehydes with secondary amines in the presence of the reducing agent", "output": [ "Una amina terciaria se puede conseguir por reacci\u00f3n de cetonas o aldeh\u00eddos con aminas secundarias en presencia del agente reductor" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c9400f9cc59347c59d80e3b0a07ac81f", "input": "Oximes are formed by the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with", "output": [ "Las oximas se forman por reacci\u00f3n de aldeh\u00eddos y cetonas con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f29c9fd7b344b188792956e3df51912", "input": "When bencino is generated in the presence of furan, the following occurs", "output": [ "Cuando el bencino se genera en presencia de furano se produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-495ec8fb549947988026c8a6ad9e0a68", "input": "1,1-dimethylcyclohexane always has", "output": [ "El 1,1-dimetilciclohexano posee siempre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8c7a8294e88491ebcd84a5c9d6a5c6d", "input": "How many stereoisomers of 2-bromo-3-chlorobutane are possible ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos estereois\u00f3meros del 2-bromo-3clorobutano son posibles?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a6fd4c4dc41745dc8e3540cd8ffad520", "input": "The speed of nitration of the following compounds follows the order", "output": [ "La rapidez de nitraci\u00f3n de los siguientes compuestos sigue el orden" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d06772a5788f4a649c838a272771ed04", "input": "Indicate which of the following tissues, organs or cell types can NOT use ketone bodies", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de los siguientes tejidos, \u00f3rganos o tipos celulares NO puede utilizar cuerpos cet\u00f3nicos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2555a082921e4aa89d996634996a65b1", "input": "Anaplerotic reactions", "output": [ "Las reacciones anapler\u00f3ticas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-07ea11a42c694d7884645da0e535f140", "input": "The existence of a proton gradient from one side of the membrane to the other is essential for the operation", "output": [ "La existencia de un gradiente de protones de un lado a otro de la membrana es esencial para el funcionamiento" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c1dae2170da4455f80006d283dc0fe8d", "input": "Indicate which of the following statements about tetrahydrofolate (THF) is FALSE", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones acerca del tetrahidrofolato (THF) es FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e1fa7e7563b546939066b2ccb3c5d9fd", "input": "The ketone bodies, acetoacetate and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate", "output": [ "Los cuerpos cet\u00f3nicos, acetoacetato y \u03b2-hidroxibutirato" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f36f02aaafb64eda9b6bfa553ed81ffb", "input": "Thiamin deficiency affects", "output": [ "La deficiencia en tiamina afecta a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52a0789c7b464afdb6ead35f5d3f5570", "input": "Indicate which of the following compounds transfers reduction equivalents from the mitochondria to the cytosol during gluconeogenesis", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de los siguientes compuestos transfiere equivalentes de reducci\u00f3n desde la mitocondria al citosol durante la gluconeog\u00e9nesis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-08abda5bfcf64fb8ac86647a62de7b39", "input": "The electronic flow through the mitochondrial electronic transport chain is regulated by", "output": [ "El flujo electr\u00f3nico a trav\u00e9s de la cadena de transporte electr\u00f3nico mitocondrial est\u00e1 regulado por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cfe1b4bce6bb4de6ab77b847870c9219", "input": "The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex", "output": [ "El complejo piruvato deshidrogenasa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20a2fce8892b47b7b5b66fc65fe2cca4", "input": "Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I", "output": [ "La carbamoil fosfato sintetasa I" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c1698c27bcd4b16a18143be010ae522", "input": "All the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix, EXCEPTION of one that is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following is", "output": [ "Todas las enzimas del ciclo del \u00e1cido c\u00edtrico est\u00e1n situadas en la matriz mitocondrial, A EXCEPCI\u00d3N de una que se encuentra situada en la membrana mitocondrial interna. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c9e1800748b44b7ba138ee5633f29687", "input": "The fumarase belongs to the group of", "output": [ "La fumarasa pertenece al grupo de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35de05b3c30140d6855844bd6a4ee285", "input": "The human being CAN NOT", "output": [ "El ser humano NO puede" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93e3dd8a535d424bb7310d8af2e2ba0d", "input": "What other name does complex III receive from the electron transport chain that is produced in the mitochondria ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 otro nombre recibe el complejo III de la cadena de transporte de electrones que se produce en la mitocondria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-438e5cbf13544bbdac5fd24628fdbd3e", "input": "The liver can form glucose from", "output": [ "El h\u00edgado puede formar glucosa a partir de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bfe8085ecb3440f8cafc8b9d5bfa6ae", "input": "What are the two most important metabolic purposes of the pentose phosphate route ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las dos finalidades metab\u00f3licas m\u00e1s importantes de la ruta de las pentosas fosfato?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c05170a51cb4eaaa66ce6fa40e5d815", "input": "The enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase", "output": [ "La enzima acetil CoA carboxilasa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-91a0a80c21824f88b2cfb72449516eea", "input": "What is the name of the structure that links the chromosomes to the mitotic bone ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama la estructura que liga los cromosomas al hueso mit\u00f3tico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0254243204aa4760959798f4f7496651", "input": "What is the function of the coenzyme biotin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la funci\u00f3n de la coenzima biotina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bf686693eff4d25930eb1550b3dd956", "input": "What is the main glucose transporter in the hepatocyte ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el principal transportador de glucosa en el hepatocito?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d5bc72c3f9345cb8d09b6ba6a11e28c", "input": "In relation to glycogen, which of the following statements is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el gluc\u00f3geno, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45c032732d7f4050b5bea0425f345a14", "input": "Indicate among the following answers the one that contains ONLY names of glycerophospholipids", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale de entre las siguientes respuestas la que contiene S\u00d3LO nombres de glicerofosfol\u00edpidos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c3d904c02de4d328aeeeb5d0f8601fc", "input": "The main fuels of the brain in case of prolonged fasting are", "output": [ "Los combustibles principales del cerebro en caso de ayuno prolongado son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-80946b3df0ec4d62ba0e23862442626b", "input": "In which organ of mammals occurs the synthesis of urea mainly", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 \u00f3rgano de mam\u00edferos ocurre mayoritariamente la s\u00edntesis de urea?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5e4ff0990a1a4f6d8f577dbb980e72b3", "input": "Enzymes increase the speed of the reactions that catalyze because", "output": [ "Las enzimas aumentan la velocidad de las reacciones que catalizan porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-55e5e2d33e7046d28f28403227fe23b0", "input": "When oxygen binds to myoglobin or hemoglobin, the two Fe2 + coordination bonds perpendicular to the heme are occupied by", "output": [ "Cuando el ox\u00edgeno se une a la mioglobina o a la hemoglobina, los dos enlaces de coordinaci\u00f3n del Fe2+ perpendiculares al hemo est\u00e1n ocupados por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b1439925bce470e8fc5900a15ce6c2b", "input": "The enzyme that limits the speed of lipogenesis is", "output": [ "La enzima que limita la velocidad de la lipog\u00e9nesis es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cdc1a3ad39724a73b568c3ae22ca4624", "input": "Which of the following statements is CERTAIN for glycolysis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes enunciados es CIERTO para la gluc\u00f3lisis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45db47eb1d664b448d8df0239d826be9", "input": "The enzymes of gluconeogenesis are cytoplasmic EXCEPT a mitochondrial enzyme that is", "output": [ "Las enzimas de la gluconeog\u00e9nesis son citoplasm\u00e1ticas EXCEPTO una enzima mitocondrial que es la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fae36ca981b246519544a91dd746ed8e", "input": "The muscle glycogen phosphorylase enzyme", "output": [ "La enzima Gluc\u00f3geno fosforilasa muscular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-248deb6b2a2745f19b96c7857dfa0e0d", "input": "The 2,4-dinitrophenol added to a cell in aerobic respiration causes", "output": [ "El 2,4-dinitrofenol a\u00f1adido a una c\u00e9lula en respiraci\u00f3n aerobia hace que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c5f511048844bbcb06d3bf393a7b0d1", "input": "Which of the following compounds is common in gluconeogenesis from Lactate and from Glycerol ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes compuestos es com\u00fan en la gluconeog\u00e9nesis a partir de Lactato y a partir de Glicerol?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0c59818b86d148ddaed8ab690e3d2c79", "input": "During the elongation stage of protein synthesis in eukaryotes", "output": [ "Durante la etapa de elongaci\u00f3n de la s\u00edntesis proteica en eucariotas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-94f0e078175e49439375fe7badbc8b6f", "input": "The chaperones", "output": [ "Las chaperonas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4268e6130eb4722848ef32d05618b21", "input": "What compound is formed as the final product of the degradation of purines ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 compuesto se forma como producto final de la degradaci\u00f3n de las purinas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c34e77a08db44cc8dcb956d6505cc23", "input": "The standard deviation is defined as", "output": [ "La desviaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar se define como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e572a0e1b9d045d299bd1ef9d9fd063b", "input": "The acetylation of histones gives rise to a more open structure because", "output": [ "La acetilaci\u00f3n de las histonas da lugar a una estructura m\u00e1s abierta porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d5158f12446420c8079fdf59a0c4af7", "input": "In eukaryotes satellite DNA", "output": [ "En los eucariotas el DNA sat\u00e9lite" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b9a3b13f62f842d3a9243d85d07308e0", "input": "The error correction capacity of DNA polymerases depends on its activity", "output": [ "La capacidad de correcci\u00f3n de errores de las DNA polimerasas depende de su actividad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20fcb5dc39d84c29b8b369958e7ef54a", "input": "Competitive inhibitors", "output": [ "Los inhibidores competitivos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6281c4678dae4ac999dac96eb4293e1b", "input": "DNA is more resistant than RNA to alkaline hydrolysis because", "output": [ "El DNA es m\u00e1s resistente que el RNA a la hidr\u00f3lisis alcalina porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-11effab136bb41b4bf4e670a6b600790", "input": "The precursors of the synthesis of the heme group are", "output": [ "Los precursores de la s\u00edntesis del grupo hemo son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d5af36849e34c25bbb79e4c4ab8816d", "input": "Chargaff's rules, on the proportion of nitrogenous bases in all DNA molecules, say that", "output": [ "Las reglas de Chargaff, sobre la proporci\u00f3n de bases nitrogenadas en todas las mol\u00e9culas de DNA, dicen que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-75e7578c36024a85ba4a283920ca82b2", "input": "Which of the following statements about biological membranes is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes enunciados sobre las membranas biol\u00f3gicas es CORRECTO?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76ab9b60548a45caab7569b06332630a", "input": "The internal mitochondrial membrane contains a transport system for", "output": [ "La membrana mitocondrial interna contiene un sistema de transporte para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9bdcfa214b1c474c9c870550eea0c587", "input": "The only two exclusively ketogenic amino acids are", "output": [ "Los dos \u00fanicos amino\u00e1cidos exclusivamente cetog\u00e9nicos son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1151bec35cb04f45aeb1e9e8cc6783f3", "input": "Which of the following options correctly defines a hapten ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones define correctamente un hapteno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cd89ac17e16349d58445a1554a48f4d3", "input": "Which of the following amino acids has a positive net charge in its side chain at physiological pH ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes amino\u00e1cidos tiene una carga neta positiva en su cadena lateral a pH fisiol\u00f3gico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea2111ec08494d0796d198e80b136552", "input": "A plasma sample that remains cloudy after being overnight in the refrigerator (4 \u00b0 C) contains excessive amounts of", "output": [ "Una muestra de plasma que permanece turbia despu\u00e9s de estar durante toda la noche en la nevera (4 \u00baC) contiene cantidades excesivas de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2674aff1eb9d416eab9dc0ddc096112a", "input": "The initiation factor IF-2", "output": [ "El factor de iniciaci\u00f3n IF-2" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5f48334d1c8d4bea98ae09dd8561756c", "input": "Which of the following lipoproteins transport the triacylglycerols formed in the liver ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les de las siguientes lipoprote\u00ednas transportan los triacilgliceroles formados en el h\u00edgado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2c144e925ab4bb791a155894af1ad4c", "input": "Point out which of the affirmations about the gangliosides is CERTAIN", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de la afirmaciones sobre los gangli\u00f3sidos es CIERTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-72e323a8132b4eb99f4d6d38d1637386", "input": "One of the catalytic mechanisms that enzymes use is", "output": [ "Uno de los mecanismos catal\u00edticos que utilizan las enzimas es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-30eb2b7da43e45f7a87c35a08ae85cc6", "input": "DNA-dependent RNA polymerases", "output": [ "Las RNA polimerasas dependientes de DNA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4ebb51294394829a4da4f18b4fc9a55", "input": "Enzyme immunoassays use enzymes to", "output": [ "Los enzimoinmunoan\u00e1lisis utilizan las enzimas para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8b967e796d5c4abcaab7761bf0c82edb", "input": "A fragment of Okazaki is", "output": [ "Un fragmento de Okazaki es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-57a3760ec8dc4dc2be353e3060afca74", "input": "In the transformation of phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate, pyruvate kinase consumes", "output": [ "En la transformaci\u00f3n de fosfoenolpiruvato en piruvato, la piruvato quinasa consume" ] }, { "id": "task1432-daec695b262345269bdf1d503aaf74bf", "input": "The four most abundant elements of living matter are", "output": [ "Los cuatro elementos m\u00e1s abundantes de la materia viva son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6773a9cc047145d08f205d856950bab1", "input": "In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation", "output": [ "En eucariotas, la fosforilaci\u00f3n oxidativa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-38b15d955cb249c0b3a524b34e96b738", "input": "The replacement number of an enzyme", "output": [ "El n\u00famero de recambio de una enzima" ] }, { "id": "task1432-88d0ac7b4c6a410aa8777fc60a32fe9d", "input": "What effect does the medicine aspirin cause ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 efecto provoca el medicamento aspirina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f8ceef3a6c0045c488a0468efb8ffa61", "input": "Which of the following factors displaces the dissociation curve of the hemoglobin to the right, favoring the release of oxygen to the tissues ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores desplaza la curva de disociaci\u00f3n de la hemoglobina hacia la derecha, favoreciendo la liberaci\u00f3n del ox\u00edgeno a los tejidos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5721665339f4526af30d7d78991382a", "input": "Which immunoglobulin, of those listed below, has the highest molecular weight ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 inmunoglobulina, de las que se indican a continuaci\u00f3n, presenta el mayor peso molecular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9db01c7b4c9e4435b06e3e4a60bde076", "input": "Which acid reacts with acetyl-coenzyme-A to generate citric acid in the Krebs cycle ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 \u00e1cido reacciona con la acetil-coenzima-A para generar \u00e1cido c\u00edtrico en el ciclo de Krebs?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cb9da87e67f54bb08bbf7bc571f8525a", "input": "Of the following types of lipoproteins present in human plasma, which has the highest percentage of proteins in its composition ?", "output": [ "De los siguientes tipos de lipoprote\u00ednas presentes en el plasma humano, \u00bfcu\u00e1l tiene el mayor porcentaje de prote\u00ednas en su composici\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8fd5fcdc48c74301a4b9d5b4d054914f", "input": "The movement of ions and polar molecules through cell membranes", "output": [ "El movimiento de iones y de mol\u00e9culas polares a trav\u00e9s de las membranas celulares" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03b8de0a22734814b56149b49bbc0647", "input": "To which amino acid residues of proteins can carbohydrates be linked ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 residuos de amino\u00e1cidos de las prote\u00ednas se pueden unir los hidratos de carbono?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3da87da07fe3482a9e455fc32393e776", "input": "DNA topoisomerases", "output": [ "Las DNA topoisomerasas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cdaefa289c08409ebd5e069633d05027", "input": "The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d86ad9d9d7d24dec8c7a5a6303fdb717", "input": "What effect does tetrodoxin have on cells ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 efecto provoca la tetrodoxina en las c\u00e9lulas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a862541718e94cb7a51f7bd846adb227", "input": "What is the completely reduced form of coenzyme Q called ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina la forma totalmente reducida de la coenzima Q?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dff23e4a7f874ae4a5ace8c6e7457a8c", "input": "How does insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo estimula la insulina la s\u00edntesis de gluc\u00f3geno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a183c5c9ad7e4041b75af45aae6eb75d", "input": "In \u03b1-helices, hydrogen bonds", "output": [ "En las h\u00e9lices \u03b1, los puentes de hidr\u00f3geno" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3811bf709eba45e0bd0dabe48b3b6cc2", "input": "What is the most important regulatory factor in the speed of the pentose phosphate route ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el factor regulador m\u00e1s importante de la velocidad de la ruta de las pentosas fosfato?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-10b5e6db62074ad2803baffd18945f26", "input": "Why are cyanide compounds (CN-) toxic ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los compuestos de cianuro (CN-) son t\u00f3xicos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6b770df6234d46df8b0b8507c5778140", "input": "Certain regions with specific and stable patterns of folding and / or function can appear in different proteins. These regions are called", "output": [ "Determinadas regiones con patrones espec\u00edficos y estables de plegamiento y/o funci\u00f3n pueden aparecer en distintas prote\u00ednas. Estas regiones se denominan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-56fddc2b20af4373a666525c38c3e909", "input": "Which of the following lipids contains phosphate in its molecule ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes l\u00edpidos contiene fosfato en su mol\u00e9cula?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c70853c31034470b925a3cabd945851d", "input": "In the synthesis of cholesterol, what causes the condensation of three activated isoprene units ?", "output": [ "En la s\u00edntesis del colesterol, \u00bfa qu\u00e9 da lugar la condensaci\u00f3n de tres unidades de isopreno activadas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93e327b0fdbe43dd9002e237e9d25f11", "input": "Where does nitric oxide come from ?", "output": [ "\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde deriva el \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ab5c238ab0249fa892acededa8c893b", "input": "In relation to mutations in DNA", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con las mutaciones en el DNA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-605880ad596e41fdb25f4910238f51f8", "input": "The facilitated diffusion of a substrate through a biological membrane is", "output": [ "La difusi\u00f3n facilitada de un sustrato a trav\u00e9s de una membrana biol\u00f3gica es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af164bee6d51442b9850be957c819c37", "input": "Compounds related to nitrous acid (nitrites, nitrosamine) change the DNA structure by", "output": [ "Los compuestos relacionados con el \u00e1cido nitroso (nitritos, nitrosamina) cambian la estructura del DNA por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6718a903304147a08f2639e13823551d", "input": "Regarding the mechanism of splicing in eukaryotes, which of the following options is CORRECT ?", "output": [ "Respecto al mecanismo de corte y empalme (splicing) en eucariotas, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones es CORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-382b570f89734f26b4fde42cb2be0f6c", "input": "The necessary coenzyme in all transamination reactions derives from", "output": [ "La coenzima necesaria en todas las reacciones de transaminaci\u00f3n deriva de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-add24cad4dbc45a3a283d2d1d311dd7e", "input": "The Na + -K + ATPase of the plasma membrane", "output": [ "La Na+-K+ ATPasa de la membrana plasm\u00e1tica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bfcf1b70a28b44f8928f8be4924aacdb", "input": "In the sequencing of DNA by the Sanger method, the 2'-3 'dideoxynucleotides play the following role", "output": [ "En la secuenciaci\u00f3n de DNA por el m\u00e9todo de Sanger, los 2\u2019-3\u2019 didesoxinucle\u00f3tidos juegan el siguiente papel" ] }, { "id": "task1432-caead75fff1d4ae6ab2038b924d0a30d", "input": "In the fermentation process, what is the objective of converting the pyruvate resulting from glycolysis into lactate or ethanol ?", "output": [ "En el proceso de fermentaci\u00f3n, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el objetivo de convertir el piruvato resultante de la gluc\u00f3lisis en lactato o etanol?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-daae1c2b2cf5401299e7065ca7d2d486", "input": "If a cell needs NADPH but not ribose-5-phosphate", "output": [ "Si una c\u00e9lula necesita NADPH pero no ribosa-5-fosfato" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce20431beb1448f9bdfd611505a2d44e", "input": "Which subunits of RNA polymerase recognize the promoter sites in DNA ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 subunidades de la RNA polimerasa reconocen los lugares promotores en el DNA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2df6819379b9440785a17c974c6374cd", "input": "Which of the following amino acids incorporated into a polypeptide chain can be phosphorylated by protein kinases ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes amino\u00e1cidos incorporado en una cadena polipept\u00eddica puede ser fosforilado por prote\u00ednas quinasas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4083d5f2ae74c80b9814b9de2339ae6", "input": "Which of these phrases about gluconeogenesis is NOT true ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas frases sobre la gluconeog\u00e9nesis NO es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-55736d98ed7a4a39a21b9fedb8e05d06", "input": "Phosphatidylinositols", "output": [ "Los fosfatidilinositoles" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6e55940ada384e368dd7a2a2b99622b9", "input": "The enzyme limiting the speed of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is", "output": [ "La enzima limitante de la velocidad de la ruta de bios\u00edntesis del colesterol es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-25fb435846614ed2b7dec7ddfd316e4c", "input": "The exonucleases", "output": [ "Las exonucleasas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e6974eda322b4d7da3292ceedd8b50b2", "input": "The main step that regulates the total path of de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides is", "output": [ "El paso principal que regula la ruta total de la bios\u00edntesis de novo de nucle\u00f3tidos de purina es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1ffa450b04904adfbbb56241818e0612", "input": "The guanylate cyclase that responds to nitric oxide (NO)", "output": [ "La guanilato ciclasa que responde a \u00f3xido n\u00edtrico (NO)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b47b6a0c10f5495fa40cdf154600c378", "input": "The O-glucosidic bond is formed", "output": [ "El enlace O-glucos\u00eddico est\u00e1 formado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-858a6a322bf64886a2a67739580ef241", "input": "The DNA ligase", "output": [ "La DNA ligasa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e5a6509661de468ab8bf7a599b64d03f", "input": "The pentose phosphate route may be a good route for the metabolism of ribose from the diet. What type of components do these waste mainly come from ?", "output": [ "La ruta de las pentosas fosfato puede ser una buena v\u00eda de metabolizaci\u00f3n de las ribosas procedentes de la dieta. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 tipo de componentes proceden principalmente estos residuos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-25b4b94e836c4bf0b1bb3c913247352b", "input": "The Laporte selection rule for electronic spectra states that transitions are allowed for which", "output": [ "La regla de selecci\u00f3n de Laporte para espectros electr\u00f3nicos establece que son permitidas las transiciones para las que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aabe0653cd3a40ddaf47179da0f207f0", "input": "In the area capillary electrophoresis technique, the magnitude of the electroosmotic flow increases", "output": [ "En la t\u00e9cnica de electroforesis capilar de zona, la magnitud del flujo electroosm\u00f3tico se incrementa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d4ec0706d2d24abbac7e0fff2734ce97", "input": "The number of carbon atoms that a sesquiterpene has is", "output": [ "El n\u00famero de \u00e1tomos de carbono que tiene un sesquiterpeno es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-73f317e223754ac1ac0818539fc43480", "input": "The three main lipid components of cell membranes are", "output": [ "Los tres componentes lip\u00eddicos principales de las membranas celulares son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9cc2fa7278fb48839161297470c08654", "input": "The most favorable positions for the chloro and ethyl substituents on trans-1-chloro-3-ethylcyclohexane [\u0394G (eq ax) Cl = 2.0; Et = 8.0 KJ / mol] are", "output": [ "Las posiciones m\u00e1s favorables para los sustituyentes cloro y etilo en el trans-1-cloro-3etilciclohexano [\u0394G(eq ax) Cl = 2,0; Et = 8,0 KJ/mol] son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd3e393d4df7410c891dbdf8ca186d38", "input": "How can the matrix phase of fibrous compounds NOT be ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo NO puede ser la fase matriz de compuestos fibrosos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c82ccbc84c64487c900fa5381e7b91fa", "input": "In separations by gas-liquid chromatography the mobile phase that is used is", "output": [ "En las separaciones mediante cromatograf\u00eda gas-l\u00edquido la fase m\u00f3vil que se utiliza es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c216de2e85c450ab3f267984e854ba2", "input": "Which of the following enzymes DOES NOT intervene in glycolysis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas NO interviene en la gluc\u00f3lisis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3452298453084e69be1f107f72173ab3", "input": "The absolute refractory period of a nerve fiber is due to", "output": [ "El periodo refractario absoluto de una fibra nerviosa se debe a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e267ea9cfaab442b8386690c9325c3a6", "input": "The hair cells of the cochlea", "output": [ "Las c\u00e9lulas ciliadas de la c\u00f3clea" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c82cb788654b438788a257fcd3e2b0d8", "input": "In relation to the photoreceptors", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a los fotorreceptores" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d94b50302a774ac88ee6b3efcf29d292", "input": "For contraction of striated muscle fibers, Ca2 + binds to", "output": [ "Para la contracci\u00f3n de fibras musculares estriadas, el Ca2+ se une a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ac598ce8ba4644fca97cdf08dbc8551f", "input": "The crossed extensor reflex is produced by activation of", "output": [ "El reflejo extensor cruzado se produce por activaci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-06578338b32d4a11b1dba27f4737c54c", "input": "In relation to the sympathetic nervous system", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al sistema nervioso simp\u00e1tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8552944e65d141d58985b74c48f7f7b5", "input": "The von Willebrand factor", "output": [ "El factor de von Willebrand" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f41d9c38125f4d9d809e085ac5a8d94f", "input": "The depolarization of the action potential in cells of the sinoatrial node is measured by", "output": [ "La despolarizaci\u00f3n del potencial de acci\u00f3n en c\u00e9lulas del nodo sinoauricular est\u00e1 medida por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cdad410c8f2942169e3712837b0c9703", "input": "According to the law of Posseuille, if the radius of an arteriole is doubled, the blood flow will be", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la ley de Posseuille, si se duplica el radio de una arteriola el flujo de sangre ser\u00e1" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e523f42665148298ef7c4ff0cecc929", "input": "The reabsorption of glucose and amino acids in the nephron occurs in", "output": [ "La reabsorci\u00f3n de glucosa y amino\u00e1cidos en la nefrona ocurre en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-acacc23eba5d45bfba79d4f602799d1b", "input": "When the mean arterial pressure rises from 100 to 150 mmHg", "output": [ "Cuando la presi\u00f3n arterial media sube de 100 hasta 150 mmHg" ] }, { "id": "task1432-09fb7152202a46fcbaf184948cb60bb0", "input": "During a respiratory cycle at rest, the pressure", "output": [ "Durante un ciclo respiratorio en reposo, la presi\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5663ffd2fb94778aebbf7a4fc957b85", "input": "The pulmonary surfactant", "output": [ "El surfactante pulmonar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e17aaf8eed642be8591cae4c03744c5", "input": "The contraction of the smooth muscle of the digestive tract", "output": [ "La contracci\u00f3n del m\u00fasculo liso del tubo digestivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-54233217d1624f57bc33aacfbcb24e30", "input": "The pharyngeal phase of swallowing", "output": [ "La fase far\u00edngea de la degluci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eb2a9d4441b04e75b3dfdaacb2adde75", "input": "The secretion of HCl in the stomach can be stated that", "output": [ "La secreci\u00f3n de HCl en el est\u00f3mago puede afirmarse que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3f60fed5b6e48ff8fdfe698636ce16f", "input": "Pepsin", "output": [ "La pepsina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f6b013f54f7d4cfea78d5965a77c4141", "input": "The myenteric or Auerbach plexus of the digestive tract", "output": [ "El plexo mient\u00e9rico o de Auerbach del tubo digestivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da2e33151a584cb5903f23eaa82e0b68", "input": "Cortisol stimulates the", "output": [ "El cortisol estimula la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ecf49cc7ba644803b78a248199e89e6e", "input": "Angiotensin II", "output": [ "La angiotensina II" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c4686c1cf4f3444b9411bddc16483e34", "input": "The thyroid hormones", "output": [ "Las hormonas tiroideas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bca761f884be41a586b3058f7c2810c4", "input": "Stimulates the secretion of growth hormone", "output": [ "Estimula la secreci\u00f3n de la hormona del crecimiento" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1d9f37ce5b5a499bbcd9cfc20b2605e7", "input": "A medium that causes an increase in cell volume is", "output": [ "Un medio que causa un aumento del volumen celular es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65f19d16732149f48bfed9e1e449318a", "input": "The cell surface can be determined knowing the", "output": [ "La superficie celular puede determinarse conociendo la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5f4bc7f1ace84a2bad99828438c9944b", "input": "The gustatory threshold is lower for", "output": [ "El umbral gustativo es menor para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-372dccb5eee74df596327823af3ae6fd", "input": "The muscle spindles", "output": [ "Los husos musculares" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ddb8519b936041b0b5111b443e9c3cf4", "input": "The suprachiasmatic nucleus", "output": [ "El n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ebf9e473393146ebb7db3815c05d1417", "input": "The photomotor reflection", "output": [ "El reflejo fotomotor" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9d42d30859054fa3a7175951553af30b", "input": "The secretion of insulin increases by", "output": [ "La secreci\u00f3n de insulina aumenta por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8de13fb02353443c9a6cfed9cb2bbacf", "input": "Parathormone stimulates the", "output": [ "La parathormona estimula la " ] }, { "id": "task1432-d495a042f17b49a397e29a5aacbae7d5", "input": "Testosterone", "output": [ "La testosterona" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1c8c1a73d65b4633a1087849adc1018c", "input": "Albumin", "output": [ "La alb\u00famina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b6a56daaa3354f0f8b80a102f43b193a", "input": "The cells of the His bundle", "output": [ "Las c\u00e9lulas del haz de His" ] }, { "id": "task1432-82afb4ed6f0c478b89977ca3df5cddbc", "input": "The reflection of Bainbridge", "output": [ "El reflejo de Bainbridge" ] }, { "id": "task1432-859500a1f7474dc9a201b620c081f6e9", "input": "The first sound of Korotkoff indicates the", "output": [ "El primer sonido de Korotkoff indica el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d8b3d150c0946a5bdc73168abf0224a", "input": "In standing, the pulmonary perfusion is greater", "output": [ "En bipedestaci\u00f3n, la perfusi\u00f3n pulmonar es mayor" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c4854541f9c04e03bbbd84db654d5645", "input": "If the alveolar ventilation doubles (constant environmental and metabolic conditions)", "output": [ "Si la ventilaci\u00f3n alveolar se duplica (condiciones ambientales y metab\u00f3licas constantes)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-44018dedecb04c15b68a132d6fff2257", "input": "A simple spirometer (without gas analyzer) measures", "output": [ "Un espir\u00f3metro simple (sin analizador de gases) mide" ] }, { "id": "task1432-82d9812510564cdf822e3fe4139d7daf", "input": "Increases renal excretion of sodium", "output": [ "Aumenta la excreci\u00f3n renal de sodio" ] }, { "id": "task1432-67b7a26d040743c28fd4c7d24f56ce62", "input": "Most of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed in", "output": [ "La mayor parte del calcio filtrado se reabsorbe en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-09abc4ce217b452baff0a299512e0281", "input": "The arrival of fats and / or solutions with low pH to the duodenum reduces", "output": [ "La llegada de grasas y/o soluciones con bajo pH al duodeno reduce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a2cf6ec57b5346d38816916f7da9b269", "input": "The intestinal absorption of iron is more effective", "output": [ "La absorci\u00f3n intestinal de hierro es m\u00e1s eficaz" ] }, { "id": "task1432-594b71fb99624856b60317d52724370d", "input": "The antidiuretic hormone", "output": [ "La hormona antidiur\u00e9tica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4aef991645954c04be39acd00db535e6", "input": "Biliary secretion is reduced by", "output": [ "La secreci\u00f3n biliar se reduce por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-41f9672acdac432d9bb6e4772658611a", "input": "It is characteristic of the epithelia", "output": [ "Es caracter\u00edstico de los epitelios" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9153b6caaac84a8c9c86f41ce0ed3907", "input": "In the apocrine secretion the medium is released", "output": [ "En la secreci\u00f3n apocrina se libera al medio" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e1fb00728d5840e3a42ed0655424596a", "input": "The tendon is characterized by a connective tissue", "output": [ "El tend\u00f3n se caracteriza por presentar un tejido conjuntivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3dd714c8d97c42cbb188728200de0479", "input": "In the bone tissue", "output": [ "En el tejido \u00f3seo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7806b9d6712d43299c1a3c27d54583b9", "input": "Osteoblasts", "output": [ "Los osteoblastos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-053f0fb124c14f62afeab8a47d5ab3a2", "input": "In relation to ossification", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la osificaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03236f623de54ddbbf78e982e405694e", "input": "An elongated, large cell with numerous peripheral nuclei corresponds to", "output": [ "Una c\u00e9lula alargada, de gran tama\u00f1o, con numerosos n\u00facleos perif\u00e9ricos corresponde a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a3ac8090e30f46c2aa02bc954a412b26", "input": "Cells that myelinate axons in the central nervous system are", "output": [ "Las c\u00e9lulas que mielinizan axones en el sistema nervioso central son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d315b5805704ea493c187c0d68bc587", "input": "It is a venule postcapillary the vessel", "output": [ "Es una v\u00e9nula postcapilar el vaso" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d372d3d09e44bfa81f03395237c2f79", "input": "In which of the following hemotopoietic organs is the stroma a reticular epithelium ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de los siguientes \u00f3rganos hemotopoy\u00e9ticos el estroma es un epitelio reticular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d6d75760488435ba54823834453852c", "input": "The cells of Paneth are", "output": [ "Las c\u00e9lulas de Paneth son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e1fe8c086e4449da961494fdb2c5f766", "input": "To which of the following human endocrine glands belong the C or parafollicular cells ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA cu\u00e1l de las siguientes gl\u00e1ndulas endocrinas humanas pertenecen las c\u00e9lulas C o parafoliculares?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8477ea96fa0b401cb7ea5cf6c3f671b6", "input": "The vascular stria", "output": [ "La estr\u00eda vascular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98a42ac68a694ffab82eb1284c39c308", "input": "The disulfide bridges of proteins are formed in", "output": [ "Los puentes disulfuro de las prote\u00ednas se forman en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fd9a7b0682d04142a222e60a80d39dda", "input": "The Golgi selection of lysosomal enzymes depends on", "output": [ "La selecci\u00f3n en el Golgi de las enzimas lisosomales depende de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f1ecd20aa4e470caace6754a24fd1a3", "input": "The perinuclear location of the Golgi complex is the work of", "output": [ "La ubicaci\u00f3n perinuclear del complejo de Golgi es obra de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea08f780a6fc4f94a4cabf3c22a9a717", "input": "Catalase is a common component of", "output": [ "La catalasa es un componente habitual de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-36ee9ab3102c47a69bc6991974d806ba", "input": "They are arranged radially from the centrosome", "output": [ "Se disponen radialmente a partir del centrosoma" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9831e15e6d84e5f87a8f7908d369467", "input": "The nuclear sheet is constituted by", "output": [ "La l\u00e1mina nuclear est\u00e1 constituida por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-751bb236bc5a4d569265789542a71320", "input": "Anaphase B consists of", "output": [ "La anafase B consiste en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2d06bc9e8a8448758b7a852b7bbaca6b", "input": "They are places of recombination between homologous chromosomes", "output": [ "Son lugares de recombinaci\u00f3n entre cromosomas hom\u00f3logos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f321d10f2c14091bc53e356a1365f2f", "input": "The presence of basal folds in the epithelial cells is related to", "output": [ "La presencia de pliegues basales en las c\u00e9lulas epiteliales se relaciona con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6a757861bdcf42a48863ba5f14a23e2d", "input": "They are transmembrane proteins responsible for the formation of focal junctions", "output": [ "Son prote\u00ednas transmembrana responsables de la formaci\u00f3n de uniones focales" ] }, { "id": "task1432-33da430b237d4e4d88d79b37e3e07cee", "input": "They are surrounded by a basal or external lamina", "output": [ "Est\u00e1n rodeados por una l\u00e1mina basal o externa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e4841d85552e4526bc5e6cf4133ce895", "input": "Adhesive glycoprotein abundant in the extracellular matrix", "output": [ "Glicoprote\u00edna adhesiva abundante en la matriz extracelular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1734b213dc3a4b219f4bae18526677c9", "input": "Derived from the monocyte precursor cell", "output": [ "Deriva de la c\u00e9lula precursora de monocitos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a3e6158c599f48c9a9a72ed9e152bfef", "input": "Anchor the synaptic vesicles to the membrane of the presynaptic terminal", "output": [ "Anclan las ves\u00edculas sin\u00e1pticas a la membrana del terminal presin\u00e1ptico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1a704a4f0fe454cb01975266ce681fc", "input": "The portal triads", "output": [ "Las tr\u00edadas portales" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46ea283b8fd949c693ff1ab15455f6c4", "input": "Sinusoids are a type of", "output": [ "Los sinusoides son un tipo de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea0b9fccbec442da920986795ba7e33e", "input": "The basal compartment of the seminiferous tube contains", "output": [ "El compartimiento basal del tubo semin\u00edfero contiene" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bada3530104b4653b366fd494b1a2171", "input": "In spermatogenesis, the first cells with haploid envelope are", "output": [ "En la espermatog\u00e9nesis, las primeras c\u00e9lulas con dotaci\u00f3n haploide son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e95c7508b2404aba9317c883c85dc7af", "input": "What part of the embryo contacts the endometrium during implantation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 parte del embri\u00f3n contacta con el endometrio durante la implantaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-89ebc82cd9db4fa7aac898d29ff5aab0", "input": "By increasing the maternal age of gestation, the incidence of", "output": [ "Al aumentar la edad materna de gestaci\u00f3n, se incrementa la incidencia de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1718b047392b4c74ab8eb14c68116574", "input": "Sperm training takes place in", "output": [ "La capacitaci\u00f3n esperm\u00e1tica tiene lugar en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4186063e96fc41288cb3c1d36bbf279d", "input": "In macrophages, which enzyme catalyzes the halogenation of phagocytized microbes ?", "output": [ "En los macr\u00f3fagos, \u00bfqu\u00e9 enzima cataliza la halogenaci\u00f3n de los microbios fagocitados?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3bb0167bcb64608a3f5dcc42de55c49", "input": "The activation of the complement system originates molecules with different biological activity, among which C3b and C4b", "output": [ "La activaci\u00f3n del sistema del complemento origina mol\u00e9culas con distinta actividad biol\u00f3gica, entre las que C3b y C4b" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fc7eb612e3a046be9b403934abbe80e4", "input": "They are dirigins or adresinas", "output": [ "Son diriginas o adresinas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-07a2925844aa486d80a491f4ba92ce14", "input": "The germinal centers are areas where lymphocytes proliferate", "output": [ "Los centros germinales, son zonas donde proliferan los linfocitos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a058f042481f41a1af3ee6a184adfba3", "input": "Which of the following inflammatory mediators exerts a synergistic effect with prostglandin E2 (PGE2) in the increase of vascular permeability ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes mediadores inflamatorios ejerce un efecto sin\u00e9rgico con la prostglandina E2 (PGE2) en el aumento de la permeabilidad vascular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3180ff06140246d5bd42db667feecf84", "input": "In cell signaling through Toll-type receptors 3 (TLR3) does NOT intervene", "output": [ "En la se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n celular a trav\u00e9s de receptores de tipo Toll 3 (TLR3) NO interviene" ] }, { "id": "task1432-023dba81aa664e1db1617ded673db0d3", "input": "Which of the following signaling mediators is NOT involved in the activation of the infocito T ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes mediadores de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n NO est\u00e1 implicado en la activaci\u00f3n del infocito T?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12709e6134134e1f92d8278832c68f63", "input": "T-helper cells 17 (Th17) produce proinflammatory cytokines, including", "output": [ "Los linfocitos T cooperadores 17 (Th17) producen citocinas proinflamatorias, entre las que se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b8462b1f5254c42bb6877f535331088", "input": "The start of the alternative pathway of activation of the blood complement requires the", "output": [ "El inicio de la v\u00eda alternativa de activaci\u00f3n del complemento sangu\u00edneo necesita de la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d09da7bc399743b2891c84f0bc0561c4", "input": "The macrophages that are located in the hepatic sinusoids are known as cells", "output": [ "Los macr\u00f3fagos que se localizan en los sinusoides hep\u00e1ticos se conocen como c\u00e9lulas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c4fb2784ba44b638a83c7ab94beb18f", "input": "Superoxide radicals are produced by", "output": [ "Los radicales de super\u00f3xido son producidos por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52287e40c928442288dc608ef2255700", "input": "It is part of the adaptive immunity", "output": [ "Forma parte de la inmunidad adaptativa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b641099005484ed8a0da4eb199d58168", "input": "It is NOT complement function", "output": [ "NO es funci\u00f3n del complemento" ] }, { "id": "task1432-855701e0e61d41bfa10b79b94b44f9d4", "input": "Which of these leukocytes specializes in defense against large parasites such as helminths ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos leucocitos se especializa en la defensa frente a grandes par\u00e1sitos como los helmintos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5f80472e62ce494087643223794a00b0", "input": "NO are inhibitory receptors of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes", "output": [ "NO son receptores inhibidores de los linfocitos citol\u00edticos naturales (NK) los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0595582027df4ac19269dec23c83fe39", "input": "In relation to the main complex of hiscocompatibility, haplotype is the set of", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al complejo principal de hiscocompatibilidad, haplotipo es el conjunto de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dc1dab364a4f4c25ab78e90fb773e344", "input": "In the immune synapse, while the ZAP-70 kinase is associated with the TCR, the talin does it to", "output": [ "En la sinapsis inmunitaria, mientras que la cinasa ZAP-70 se asocia al TCR, la talina lo hace a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ef5a66431b1d4d7aa642b65be22d3e47", "input": "It is NOT a transcription factor in most T-cell responses", "output": [ "NO es un factor de transcripci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las respuestas de los linfocitos T" ] }, { "id": "task1432-391d948fcc714a77a823557e62adb051", "input": "In humoral responses dependent on T lymphocytes", "output": [ "En las respuestas humorales dependientes de los linfocitos T" ] }, { "id": "task1432-441d807ee20240338cf95bc557b3aecc", "input": "It is NOT among the mechanisms that activate lymphocyte apoptosis elimination", "output": [ "NO se encuentra entre los mecanismos que activan la eliminaci\u00f3n por apoptosis de los linfocitos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0c09938ab104bf692e8b0129a1a80c6", "input": "Interferon (IFN) type I", "output": [ "El interfer\u00f3n (IFN) de tipo I" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f54909be3d154a82bf59496380ccb92f", "input": "While IL-4 and IL-5 are cytokines produced by helper T-lymphocytes type 2 (TH2), helper T lymphocytes type 1 (TH1) produce the characteristic cytokine", "output": [ "Mientras que la IL-4 y la IL-5 son las citocinas producidas por los linfocitos T cooperadores de tipo 2 (TH2), los linfocitos T cooperadores de tipo 1 (TH1) producen como citocina caracter\u00edstica el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0f807f6ec1ab4051b900caf0435185b5", "input": "NO participates in the differentiation of helper T-lymphocytes-1 (TH1) on", "output": [ "NO participa en la diferenciaci\u00f3n de linfocitos T cooperadores-1 (TH1) el" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a7c0024f2964059a8a5387921d5321f", "input": "In familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, those due to perforin deficiencies cause", "output": [ "En las linfohistiocitosis hemofagoc\u00edticas familiares, las debidas a deficiencias de perforina causan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f0be22bdee9c4e28b3bed2ad63eb231a", "input": "In relation to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), people with a mutation of the chemokine receptor are resistant to infection", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), las personas con mutaci\u00f3n del receptor de esta quimiocina son resistentes a la infecci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-872529f1116043669353b7c8ebe138d1", "input": "Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets, is caused by anti-autoantibodies", "output": [ "La p\u00farpura trombocitop\u00e9nica autoinmunitaria, que se caracteriza por un descenso en el n\u00famero de plaquetas, est\u00e1 causada por autoanticuerpos anti" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46f833b1bfee4250b62ea4b03389a523", "input": "Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also called fetal eritoblastosis, can occur in women", "output": [ "La enfermedad hemol\u00edtica del reci\u00e9n nacido, tambi\u00e9n llamada eritoblastosis fetal, puede ocurrir en mujeres" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b72069cc925e4fd28f32a8cc14a96f61", "input": "In relation to anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (DEA-ID), which gene of the nuclear factor -B pathway (NF-\u03baB) is mutated ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la displasia ectod\u00e9rmica anhidr\u00f3tica con inmunodeficiencia (DEA-ID), \u00bfqu\u00e9 gen de la v\u00eda del factor nuclear \u2013\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) est\u00e1 mutado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-83b6db0ac74f47189bb1d19cc107acb5", "input": "What effect does an increase in the concentration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) cause in hemoglobin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 efecto causa en la hemoglobina un aumento de la concentraci\u00f3n de 2,3-bisfosfoglicerato (2,3-BPG)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cfd3e163c277491e9dee3587f676e623", "input": "Regarding the glucokinase enzyme, it can be stated that", "output": [ "Respecto a la enzima glucoquinasa, se puede afirmar que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-701c01567dc541a08ac853bcac886160", "input": "Biotin is the prosthetic group of the", "output": [ "La biotina es el grupo prost\u00e9tico de las" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1dd9c233f29c4fdfb85d112aa6516c83", "input": "Adrenaline stimulates the", "output": [ "La adrenalina estimula la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d70e19805f9a4786a74ecdb6a7b01f3c", "input": "The pentose route generates", "output": [ "La ruta de las pentosas genera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e273ca0aa8cb47aebb8dff7e138cfcff", "input": "Which compound can NOT be used as a precursor for the net synthesis of glucose in humans ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 compuesto NO puede ser utilizado como precursor para la s\u00edntesis neta de glucosa en humanos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-02ce5de9cc6e435eb1e41d37b10791f8", "input": "Each cycle of \u03b2-oxidation of fatty acids follows the following sequence of reactions", "output": [ "Cada ciclo de la \u03b2-oxidaci\u00f3n de los \u00e1cidos grasos sigue la siguiente secuencia de reacciones" ] }, { "id": "task1432-300cc0299c5e47f984068e8d5559bd1a", "input": "The degradation of the fatty acid 17 0 yields", "output": [ "La degradaci\u00f3n del \u00e1cido graso 170 rinde" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27c81e461f3c4ddca4f8af214bafd0fc", "input": "The ketone bodies", "output": [ "Los cuerpos cet\u00f3nicos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a221813882fc454eb77211a47c3dbaa1", "input": "What is the major lipid component of VLDL ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el componente lip\u00eddico mayoritario de las VLDL?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba764e4197a94f03b1fcef9e5525aea8", "input": "During protein turnover, which of the following molecules binds to the proteins marking them for degradation by the proteasome ?", "output": [ "Durante el recambio proteico, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes mol\u00e9culas se une a las prote\u00ednas marc\u00e1ndolas para su degradaci\u00f3n por el proteasoma?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-13fe79d581ef44f497ccc94472ec1e5f", "input": "The prosthetic group of aminotransferases (transaminases) is", "output": [ "El grupo prost\u00e9tico de las aminotransferasas (transaminasas) es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8a665fc4993741ef999de21403f324d1", "input": "Which of the following enzymes is involved in the biosynthesis of urea ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas est\u00e1 implicada en la bios\u00edntesis de urea?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aaa8faf2cd3f4015a7f3cce6c0ce2c5e", "input": "The amino acid precursor of serotonin is", "output": [ "El amino\u00e1cido precursor de la serotonina es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2876de0b55ad4118a915cd9850dd0007", "input": "The enzyme participates in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides", "output": [ "En la s\u00edntesis de nucle\u00f3tidos de pirimidina participa la enzima" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7a047ac8878c4527ad35853d218b5572", "input": "Which of the following compounds can not be synthesized by humans ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes compuestos no puede ser sintetizados por los humanos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-23d558b0626a4088953c01f50370837a", "input": "The electrons from the FADH2 of the flavoproteins are incorporated into the respiratory chain through", "output": [ "Los electrones procedentes del FADH2 de las flavoprote\u00ednas se incorporan a la cadena respiratoria a trav\u00e9s de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fbcd564b84974eb9b3eb4e3202bfee4d", "input": "Pantothenic acid is necessary for the synthesis of", "output": [ "El \u00e1cido pantot\u00e9nico es necesario para la s\u00edntesis de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d98161bd5667490b9a52d472e053038b", "input": "A sigmoid dependence of the reaction rate catalyzed by the substrate concentration is a sign that the responsible enzyme is subject to", "output": [ "Una dependencia sigmoidea de la velocidad de la reacci\u00f3n catalizada con la concentraci\u00f3n de sustrato es se\u00f1al de que la enzima responsable est\u00e1 sometida a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4095349139b74bf58367e7ee85983a34", "input": "Enzymes act as catalysts because", "output": [ "Las enzimas act\u00faan como catalizadores porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a0374952a973432da5750f83666d9e2e", "input": "Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of", "output": [ "La sacarosa es un disac\u00e1rido compuesto por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dfad1e425052499baa74f963a4423254", "input": "Sphingomyelin is a sphingolipid consisting of", "output": [ "La esfingomielina es un esfingol\u00edpido formado por una" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fceefc88b9ee4156adb6c00f17678bb0", "input": "An enzyme inhibitor that reduces the Vm and Km of an enzyme in the same proportion is an inhibitor of type", "output": [ "Un inhibidor enzim\u00e1tico que reduce la Vm y la Km de una enzima en la misma proporci\u00f3n es un inhibidor de tipo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a8b8c32ff19741fab60e0d1b480b3e40", "input": "The alpha-helix is \u200b\u200ban element of secondary structure of proteins that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds", "output": [ "La alfa-h\u00e9lice es un elemento de estructura secundaria de las prote\u00ednas que se estabiliza mediante puentes de hidr\u00f3geno" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a37c1df6597a47478515edee5089c66e", "input": "In the double helix structure defined by Watson and Crick for DNA", "output": [ "En la estructura de doble h\u00e9lice definida por Watson y Crick para el DNA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d78549a396fe421c85d6bd17d6a14d57", "input": "The mechanism of DNA replication in bacteria and in the nuclear chromosomes of eukaryotes is", "output": [ "El mecanismo de la replicaci\u00f3n del DNA en bacterias y en los cromosomas nucleares de eucariotas es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-63d6e797928a486c9e4fcd9e63541475", "input": "In relation to bacterial promoters", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con los promotores bacterianos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf5de46a336f47d6b83a17f845a385a0", "input": "In the translation", "output": [ "En la traducci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1e72d9f7c23d41a0806b219056744f1f", "input": "In the regulation of gene expression", "output": [ "En la regulaci\u00f3n de la expresi\u00f3n g\u00e9nica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fcac550e64684571a94b7a7131b1321b", "input": "Type II restriction endonucleases", "output": [ "Las endonucleasas de restricci\u00f3n de tipo II" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b7f77c9f5744fd9940bf21e36564532", "input": "In DNA cloning technology the", "output": [ "En la tecnolog\u00eda de clonaje de DNA los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-510a363131e64e4d8bf298ba8fd9b661", "input": "The electrophoretic mobility of a DNA fragment depends on its", "output": [ "La movilidad electrofor\u00e9tica de un fragmento de DNA depende de su" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d87ca5217df4d9cb1d1a49e07808d60", "input": "The PCR", "output": [ "La PCR" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6a080d7124344d829e33bccd24d69e4b", "input": "It is verified by a two-way Anova if the effect of a certain drug depends on the sex of the patients. If this interaction has a p = 0.28, how is it interpreted ?", "output": [ "Se comprueba mediante un Anova de dos v\u00edas si el efecto de un determinado f\u00e1rmaco depende del sexo de los pacientes. Si dicha interacci\u00f3n presenta una p=0,28 \u00bfC\u00f3mo se interpreta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-53da1ee7e0854609a1b4539aaeea28a0", "input": "What statistical test allows to compare proportions of two independent samples ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 test estad\u00edstico permite comparar proporciones de dos muestras independientes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2ab8722fc8d24063aa2faf16dcb444de", "input": "The test that allows comparing two means of independent samples when the variable is not normally distributed is", "output": [ "El test que permite comparar dos medias de muestras independientes cuando la variable no se distribuye normalmente es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c6718f3f8584bc88435f6b7860b5bcd", "input": "What statistical test would be applied to compare two eye drops administering a different one in each eye of the same patient ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 test estad\u00edstico se aplicar\u00eda para comparar dos colirios administrando uno distinto en cada ojo de un mismo paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2648c6b1b7ef4f6d86d458f008f297f9", "input": "Artemisins are drugs", "output": [ "Las artemisinas son f\u00e1rmacos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b03efb870ae14060ad132cec0cbb6abf", "input": "Anisakis simplex", "output": [ "Anisakis simplex" ] }, { "id": "task1432-93b085dd10a644d79b25c73a1726d2ee", "input": "May cause megaloblastic anemia in the parasitized patient", "output": [ "Puede ocasionar anemia megalob\u00e1stica en el paciente parasitado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-842b4d8459bd4c2ebd9f0ffc463f7ff5", "input": "It is RARELY surpassed in infections by Plasmodium ovale or Plasmodium vivax the% of parasitized red blood cells of", "output": [ "RARAMENTE se supera en infecciones por Plasmodium ovale o Plasmodium vivax el % de hemat\u00edes parasitados del" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b6a83d0b8b345fe9a6def6aa90bb648", "input": "In the rapid immunochromatography test for the immunological detection of visceral Leishmaniasis is used as antigen", "output": [ "En la prueba r\u00e1pida de inmunocromatograf\u00eda para la detecci\u00f3n inmunol\u00f3gica de Leismaniasis visceral se utiliza como ant\u00edgeno" ] }, { "id": "task1432-88227beef4ef4c6b8afd9140d4afcec1", "input": "The Baltimore classification", "output": [ "La clasificaci\u00f3n de Baltimore" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0ae2ee5fd25f4e998fc5e23617307261", "input": "In bacteriophage T4, the genetic phenomenon of the cyclic permutation is related to", "output": [ "En el bacteri\u00f3fago T4, el fen\u00f3meno gen\u00e9tico de la permutaci\u00f3n c\u00edclica est\u00e1 en relaci\u00f3n con" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12da88cb3eec40268df2267cce11e956", "input": "It does NOT belong to the family of herpesviruses", "output": [ "NO pertenece a la familia de los herpesvirus" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a30f2684709f4a82a4a621059cde9902", "input": "Which of the following liver viruses requires the presence (preinfection) of another virus to replicate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes virus hep\u00e1ticos requiere de la presencia (preinfecci\u00f3n) de otro virus para replicarse?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f2aeba4aab4d4710aab4137e2b3174f6", "input": "They are viruses with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) those of", "output": [ "Son virus con DNA de cadena doble (dsDNA) los de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-10dd163887cd444fb0bc55396f51352e", "input": "They use a reverse transcriptase the", "output": [ "Usan una transcriptasa inversa los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0d5021f0c4db4c4f8592197b5ed62e4b", "input": "Viruses of the Poxviridae family of clinical interest for humans", "output": [ "Los virus de la familia Poxviridae de inter\u00e9s cl\u00ednico para humanos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-deb57b5964e14a4eb9312cdf8cd60064", "input": "The rotaviruses are", "output": [ "Los rotavirus son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f200883fc7c5467aa9ac9978371e942c", "input": "Poliovirus is a virus", "output": [ "El poliovirus es un virus" ] }, { "id": "task1432-13ada68e6a0c4031b59d48b13b0d9306", "input": "Indicates the correct statement regarding the viruses that cause hepatitis", "output": [ "Indica la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta respecto a los virus que causan hepatitis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b8c5630d65ba48499bc66549efec1810", "input": "Yellow fever is transmitted by a mosquito carrying a", "output": [ "La fiebre amarilla es transmitida por un mosquito portador de un" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35dd3c64e74f4e95b02aae5f7cd85394", "input": "Mumps or mumps", "output": [ "La parotiditis o paperas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e5720707d4a64d1897f6acbc571a9c52", "input": "The Marburg virus", "output": [ "El virus Marburg" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a514654a827e4b7182e94c1c6dbe5493", "input": "It is FALSE in relation to the treatment against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that", "output": [ "Es FALSO en relaci\u00f3n con el tratamiento frente al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que se" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ab3c3e0c8474fe48ceb6a4d33ee1c2b", "input": "The human papilloma virus (HPV)", "output": [ "El virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b560111cbfc4048ba78e80e38c278eb", "input": "The smallpox virus is a", "output": [ "El virus de la viruela es un" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f3c54657637f496f8b677b3e82ef6d21", "input": "They are bacterial cell inclusions", "output": [ "Son inclusiones celulares bacterianas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b90e62dfe4624f54bc88cbb6f06a70fd", "input": "The main polymerizing enzyme of bacterial DNA is DNA polymerase", "output": [ "La principal enzima polimerizadora del DNA bacteriano es la DNA polimerasa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9cd239ee19974316b1d435dd4577cafd", "input": "The type III secretion systems that have some gram-negative bacteria that", "output": [ "Los sistemas de secreci\u00f3n de tipo III que poseen algunas bacterias gram-negativas que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-28f39a2b6fd940168584d18ccfce26e7", "input": "In bacteria, the FtsZ protein is an essential component of", "output": [ "En las bacterias, la prote\u00edna FtsZ es un componente esencial del" ] }, { "id": "task1432-83ced77cdb344a318a1801c4f18b9522", "input": "In a chemostat inoculated with a pure culture, increasing the flow decreases constantly", "output": [ "En un quimiostato inoculado con un cultivo puro, al aumentar el flujo disminuye constantemente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f552e61af9574c859c13208275372127", "input": "An essential difference between general disinfectants and antiseptics is that the latter", "output": [ "Una diferencia esencial entre desinfectantes generales y antis\u00e9pticos es que los segundos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27de9bce4c97483f9a199d31c0e80397", "input": "Acts (n) on subunit 30 of the prokaryotic ribosome", "output": [ "Act\u00faa(n) sobre la subunidad 30 del ribosoma procari\u00f3tico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-25ca04ea4fa94d7892cdb419d8f9100d", "input": "Ribotyping is a method to identify microorganisms from the analysis of", "output": [ "El ribotipado es un m\u00e9todo para identificar microorganismos a partir del an\u00e1lisis de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ad0fac37cbd4004bbf5f297b1d1ed99", "input": "Characteristically the streptococci of the pyogenes subgroup", "output": [ "Caracter\u00edsticamente los estreptococos del subgrupo pyogenes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6820a6529833449c93527c6b8119a49b", "input": "Meningococcal infection (Neisseria meningitidis)", "output": [ "La infecci\u00f3n meningoc\u00f3cica (Neisseria meningitidis)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-371525c9ba5f43df860c07578da68374", "input": "Staphylococcus aureus differs from Staphylococcus epidermidis because the first one", "output": [ "Staphylococcus aureus se diferencia de Staphylococcus epidermidis por que el primero" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a6d2334f0909405aba7ab5ad60a0575b", "input": "They cause superficial mycoses in humans the fungi of the genus", "output": [ "Causan micosis superficiales en los seres humanos los hongos del g\u00e9nero" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af220ab6a4014686828e15a9a25201cd", "input": "Regarding the genus Aspergillus, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "Con respecto del g\u00e9nero Aspergillus \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ae2f025a9e0e44aa9089a157c0c43685", "input": "The strains that produce Betalactamasas of extended spectrum (BLEA) are not able to hydrolyze", "output": [ "Las cepas productoras de Betalactamasas de espectro ampliado (BLEA) no son capaces de hidrolizar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5f78413f023457893bd873c9abc7ece", "input": "The diarrhea associated with the consumption of antibiotics is usually caused by", "output": [ "La diarrea asociada al consumo de antibi\u00f3ticos suele estar producida por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2632ec37a0494e3a9dfac8733e119fbc", "input": "The rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila antigen in urine is done by", "output": [ "La detecci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida de ant\u00edgeno de Legionella pneumophila en orina se realiza mediante" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b5601ba71c94f9490e362bde3184320", "input": "What is the selective agar of choice for the isolation of the Genus Bordetella ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el agar selectivo de elecci\u00f3n para el aislamiento del G\u00e9nero Bordetella?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-91d174eea4c2470d99bba7a3545c30ed", "input": "The test for the elimination of urea marked with 13C in exhaled air serves to identify", "output": [ "La prueba de la eliminaci\u00f3n de urea marcada con 13C en el aire espirado sirve para la identificaci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4eee6d47ad794af88b804b7c6956c57c", "input": "A karyotype 45, XX, rob (14; 21) (q10; q10) can correspond to a woman", "output": [ "Un cariotipo 45,XX,rob(14;21)(q10;q10) puede corresponder a una mujer" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e56f50fd9d6547f69098bedc5b278667", "input": "Lissencephaly is associated with the syndrome of", "output": [ "La lisencefalia se asocia al s\u00edndrome de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f67f57a0bb534a418d3433b597522726", "input": "The deletion of (20) (p12) is associated with the syndrome of", "output": [ "La deleci\u00f3n del (20)(p12) se asocia al s\u00edndrome de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-15798b85a21942efa4007a071c11bfb8", "input": "The disease xerodermia pigmentosa is related to defects in the mechanism of DNA repair", "output": [ "La enfermedad xerodermia pigmentosa est\u00e1 relacionada con defectos en el mecanismo de la reparaci\u00f3n del ADN" ] }, { "id": "task1432-31ab3f2252cf48699a11e8d5d8ecfaa3", "input": "In the transition mutations one", "output": [ "En las mutaciones por transici\u00f3n una" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20f8b3c87e654221aa433e24691f321d", "input": "In eukaryotes, group II introns are present in genes", "output": [ "En eucariotas, los intrones del grupo II est\u00e1n presentes en genes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-02c6b8ae8f814b4ea012fb761eb2b45d", "input": "In chromatin, it is called chromatosome when", "output": [ "En la cromatina, se denomina cromatosoma al" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2737b36c23b84d95a4039fa9bdfcde33", "input": "How many copies of histone H3 will there be in chromatin with 200 chromatosomes ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas copias de la histona H3 habr\u00e1 en cromatina con 200 cromatosomas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3da7d473d3fd435fba88e810f24e62b4", "input": "What type of ploidy defines an individual 2n-22 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de ploid\u00eda define a un individuo 2n-22?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0b4014d6712b4a46b50e8d1c73665198", "input": "How many DNA molecules does a 2n = 40 diploid cell contain during the G2 phase of the cell cycle ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas mol\u00e9culas de ADN contiene una c\u00e9lula diploide 2n=40 durante la fase G2 del ciclo celular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-067523f5c63f49debf2c29684996c1d6", "input": "What genetic technique could you use to diagnose an Angelman syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica gen\u00e9tica podr\u00eda utilizar para diagnosticar un s\u00edndrome de Angelman?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a465ae66ea914bd8ae0ba9f36f6e0bb5", "input": "ASO-PCR is a technique of", "output": [ "ASO-PCR es una t\u00e9cnica de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c9feefc00e94d5db5f120d7973fdf6a", "input": "One of the advantages of the karyotype, with respect to the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, is that it allows", "output": [ "Una de las ventajas del cariotipo, respecto a la t\u00e9cnica de hibridaci\u00f3n in situ con fluorescencia (FISH) es que permite" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2a2a732ee4b343f2a5f0c03b003aa86a", "input": "The R-bands of human metaphase chromosomes", "output": [ "Las bandas R de los cromosomas metaf\u00e1sicos humanos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fd83a0028c5e4f9191d37e3ae0248b63", "input": "What approximate proportion of the human genome is estimated to be coding ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 proporci\u00f3n aproximada del genoma humano se estima que es codificante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-63ea9988da2444a781a3a7dc287f1cfe", "input": "DNA markers of minisatellite type can be detected by", "output": [ "Los marcadores de ADN de tipo minisat\u00e9lite pueden detectarse por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-24c2e3f889e64499abab4ac4743e455c", "input": "To detect small deletions or duplications at the genomic level, the technique of choice would be", "output": [ "Para detectar peque\u00f1as deleciones o duplicaciones a nivel gen\u00f3mico, la t\u00e9cnica de elecci\u00f3n ser\u00eda" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6935a3d41ca348c0953a21e3cdaff1cb", "input": "With respect to FISH, PCR has the advantage that", "output": [ "Con respecto al FISH, la PCR presenta la ventaja de que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a29535b8798b471cb674c5f408bb9f02", "input": "In the Northern Blot technique the molecule that separates and transfers is", "output": [ "En la t\u00e9cnica de Northern-Blot la mol\u00e9cula que se separa y transfiere es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8424c61751d9414e8b368bdafc2350c9", "input": "The most frequent mechanism that induces the activation of the BCL2 protooncogene in follicular lymphoma is", "output": [ "El mecanismo m\u00e1s frecuente que induce la activaci\u00f3n del protooncog\u00e9n BCL2 en el linfoma folicular es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b5e1bb1ace844dd1921178b3a1f9e4ed", "input": "The translocation t (15; 17) (q22; q11) is associated with leukemia", "output": [ "La translocaci\u00f3n t(15;17)(q22;q11) se asocia a leucemia" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f89142731e964990837944e220b54ded", "input": "The correct formula to describe a karyotype of a male with monosomy of chromosome 6, and a long-arm isocromosome of chromosome 17 is", "output": [ "La f\u00f3rmula correcta para describir un cariotipo de un var\u00f3n con monosom\u00eda del cromosoma 6, y un isocromosoma de brazo largo del cromosoma 17 es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2eb365e47d7443fcb39e6bd105ca1fd3", "input": "In the prophase of meiosis I the homologous chromosomes remain united during the synapse by", "output": [ "En la profase de la meiosis I los cromosomas hom\u00f3logos permanecen unidos durante la sinapsis mediante" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7359058e95b1446bac78e8d9e9d7a153", "input": "In the prometaphase of mitosis the chromosomes bind to the mitotic spindle through the", "output": [ "En la prometafase de la mitosis los cromosomas se unen al huso mit\u00f3tico mediante los" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7852bc15ebc14c2b9bd26af984db53d7", "input": "It is a disease caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA", "output": [ "Es una enfermedad producida por mutaciones en el ADN mitocondrial" ] }, { "id": "task1432-548c4af3c35f42da91c34ff6b3529344", "input": "Which of the following diseases has a recessive inheritance linked to the X chromosome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades tiene una herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c114a6bd5254d7581e8e231a1b0a278", "input": "It is a disease with autosomal recessive inheritance", "output": [ "Es una enfermedad con herencia autos\u00f3mica recesiva" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e2c3c927191342d0baacb87e86c36b6d", "input": "Which of the following eukaryotic organisms has the largest number of genes ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes organismos eucariotas tiene mayor n\u00famero de genes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-40f3259ae8d54b4cb80e34b998c6c5c5", "input": "How many chromosomes will have the cells of a 2n = 46 diploid organism that has 4 nulisomies and a monosomy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos cromosomas tendr\u00e1n las c\u00e9lulas de un organismo diploide 2n=46 que presenta 4 nulisom\u00edas y una monosom\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5f65bbcf56c24adeaaa311db3929a6e8", "input": "There is a hypothesis that 40% of adults exercise at least once a week. What test would be used to check this hypothesis from a sample ?", "output": [ "Existe la hip\u00f3tesis de que el 40% de los adultos realiza ejercicio al menos una vez a la semana \u00bfQu\u00e9 test se utilizar\u00eda para comprobar dicha hip\u00f3tesis a partir de una muestra?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c8d73bee301406b8aebd024aa29ccd4", "input": "When performing a hypothesis test", "output": [ "Al realizar un test de hip\u00f3tesis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-252cce5abbfe4a77847923f079edfe96", "input": "If a normality test offers a value p> 0.05, how is it interpreted ?", "output": [ "Si un test de normalidad ofrece un valor p > 0,05, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se interpreta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7d6e28230ad42aa991f65c10543e784", "input": "If a sample has a coefficient of variation of 0.12, it means that", "output": [ "Si una muestra presenta un coeficiente de variaci\u00f3n de 0,12 significa que la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e745fe9949da4d758cd38a166704a646", "input": "The median", "output": [ "La mediana" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d0e0cd4b6d1b4a058b3e237766d65524", "input": "Mannitol salt agar is a selective culture medium used for the isolation of", "output": [ "El agar sal manitol es un medio de cultivo selectivo empleado para el aislamiento de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69cdc2ca44a2412f95b32e7ef01ab326", "input": "The systemic action of TNF generates in the liver", "output": [ "La acci\u00f3n sist\u00e9mica del TNF genera en el h\u00edgado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4f751e499e04469ea6b2b3183a862e41", "input": "A map of Ramachandran represents", "output": [ "Un mapa de Ramachandran representa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f33aba6b999844ff84f397135535f23a", "input": "Lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of", "output": [ "La lisozima cataliza la hidr\u00f3lisis de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da8d94da5f7f40098851732b20794d84", "input": "The Code of Ethics of Spanish Nursing comes into force in the year", "output": [ "El C\u00f3digo Deontol\u00f3gico de la Enfermer\u00eda Espa\u00f1ola entra en vigor en el a\u00f1o" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c73364864c2f4a46afbc05fba9638659", "input": "The law 41/2002, of November 14, regulating the autonomy of the patient and of rights and obligations in matters of information and clinical documentation, in its article 11, speaks of Previous Instructions, or Living Will or Advance Directives. What is the purpose of this document ?", "output": [ "La ley 41/2002, de 14 de noviembre, reguladora de la autonom\u00eda del paciente y de derechos y obligaciones en materia de informaci\u00f3n y documentaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica, en su art\u00edculo 11, habla de Instrucciones Previas, o Testamento Vital o Directrices Anticipadas. \u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirve ese documento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f2caa47c7af2448c90c5b99f094b7e49", "input": "What principles does the so-called Minimum Ethics include ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 principios incluye la denominada \u00c9tica de m\u00ednimos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c59b4120d4c449dcbe80b46dd74d4ac1", "input": "What is professional secrecy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 consiste el secreto profesional?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20725ac5bd6c461cb7f3def04c1a2149", "input": "What types of Ethics Committees exist today", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipos de Comit\u00e9s de \u00c9tica existen en la actualidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d3e3bfcaa0b4266a9750d3b24ff3225", "input": "Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in children and adolescents due to epidemiological association with Reye Syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos, est\u00e1 contraindicado en ni\u00f1os y adolescentes por haberse asociado epidemiol\u00f3gicamente con el S\u00edndrome de Reye?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0a7a5cf839cc445da2827bc19e22d2f1", "input": "Before a patient under treatment with levodopa, which of the following recommendations would you do to improve the absorption of the medication ?", "output": [ "Ante un paciente en tratamiento con levodopa, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes recomendaciones le har\u00eda para mejorar la absorci\u00f3n del medicamento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b77168d3f57421f842a055f6cf1f180", "input": "A patient is treated for depression with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, which of the following drugs will he receiving ?", "output": [ "Un paciente est\u00e1 tratado de depresi\u00f3n con un antidepresivo inhibidor selectivo de la recaptaci\u00f3n de serotonina, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos estar\u00e1 recibiendo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a06c9dd6c0fa4e499bb83ecd62120b0f", "input": "A patient has received a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker to perform a surgical intervention. What kind of drugs can be used to reverse the block ?", "output": [ "Un paciente ha recibido un bloqueante neuromuscular no despolarizante para llevar a cabo una intervenci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de f\u00e1rmacos podr\u00e1n usarse para revertir el bloqueo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1147c34418bf4135a54fe0f243cc8245", "input": "In what year was the current Spanish General Health Law approved ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 a\u00f1o fue aprobada la vigente Ley General de Sanidad Espa\u00f1ola?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-adf1c404e7354875b5c6dbc8d188acb6", "input": "How is the permanent communication and information body of the different health services, among them and with the state administration in Spain, called ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina al \u00f3rgano permanente de comunicaci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n de los distintos servicios de salud, entre ellos y con la administraci\u00f3n estatal en Espa\u00f1a?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5c97dec1e097415fa71dada4642cbe04", "input": "What is the fundamental structure of the Spanish Health System that is responsible for the unitary management of the centers and establishments of the health service of each Autonomous Community in its territorial demarcation and of the health services and health programs to be developed by them ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la estructura fundamental del Sistema Sanitario Espa\u00f1ol que es responsable de la gesti\u00f3n unitaria de los centros y establecimientos del servicio de salud de cada Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma en su demarcaci\u00f3n territorial y de las prestaciones sanitarias y programas sanitarios a desarrollar por ellos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce2d93091df14e6c9cfab387b328403a", "input": "Within the budgetary structure of a public hospital In which budget chapter are collected the financial resources to meet the payment of salaries of professionals ?", "output": [ "Dentro de la estructura presupuestaria de un hospital p\u00fablico \u00bfEn qu\u00e9 Cap\u00edtulo presupuestario est\u00e1n recogidos los recursos financieros para hacer frente al abono de los sueldos de los profesionales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-751bbb34ca9e46d98cb8bfdafe4c0182", "input": "Which of the following Theories are NOT related to the motivation of personnel in the workplace ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes Teor\u00edas NO tienen relaci\u00f3n con la motivaci\u00f3n del personal en el \u00e1mbito laboral?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8017f9917c494a4d82832db557917948", "input": "The process of influence between individuals or groups to achieve goals, according to McCloskey and Molen, refers to", "output": [ "El proceso de influencia entre individuos o grupos para alcanzar metas, seg\u00fan McCloskey y Molen, hace referencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d9af4edcf0834a328e4f8fbf9154ac49", "input": "Which author is considered the father of scientific management ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 autor est\u00e1 considerado como el padre de la gesti\u00f3n cient\u00edfica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2bc2a1fb0477404dbb3e4e3feb9f98e6", "input": "What is the strategic planification?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la Planificaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e5ba5f033059480d9853e148bbfeb2d7", "input": "Which of the following answers refers to an instrument that can be used in the decision-making process ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes respuestas hace referencia a un instrumento que se puede usar en el proceso de toma de decisiones?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d288ffbd5b154f8893756d25585f96fc", "input": "The study on adverse effects in the Spanish health system shows that", "output": [ "El estudio sobre efectos adversos en el sistema sanitario espa\u00f1ol, pone en evidencia que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f282cc5bd804307bab0f6998364a8e2", "input": "The treatment, based on the knowledge and clinical judgment, performed by a nursing professional to favor the patient's expected result, is called", "output": [ "Al tratamiento, basado en el conocimiento y juicio cl\u00ednico, que realiza un profesional de enfermer\u00eda para favorecer el resultado esperado del paciente, se le denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-72eba3b7b47e4fa4b3b1c6856d01db2b", "input": "According to the classification of Nursing Interventions (NIC), what is the name of transferring the responsibility of carrying out the patient's care, maintaining the responsibility for the result ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la clasificaci\u00f3n de Intervenciones de Enfermer\u00eda (NIC) \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina al hecho de transferir la responsabilidad de la realizaci\u00f3n de los cuidados del paciente, manteniendo la responsabilidad del resultado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd087b799b8a4a1f9d10698f5bc86515", "input": "In the assessment by Functional Patterns of Marjory Gordon, the perceived capacity for self-care with a functional level of coding III indicates", "output": [ "En la valoraci\u00f3n por Patrones Funcionales de Marjory Gordon, la capacidad percibida para los autocuidados con un Nivel funcional de codificaci\u00f3n III indica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-29403a2f06e840ea8f7617c608599cbe", "input": "Which of the following NANDA diagnostics is complete and correctly formulated ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes diagn\u00f3sticos NANDA est\u00e1 completo y correctamente formulado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-09bb1e203e6841329f6cb0103bce9034", "input": "The planning phase of the nursing process implies", "output": [ "La fase de planificaci\u00f3n del proceso enfermero implica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-010077ef3cb145c1b6c6104924947a26", "input": "In which functional pattern of Marjory Gordon are evaluated the perception of the affective capacities and the emotional state ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 patr\u00f3n funcional de Marjory Gordon se valoran la percepci\u00f3n de las capacidades afectivas y el estado emocional?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a063c31dd710407e94ad0c9d2bcc2ac0", "input": "A.P. of 69 years is hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction. He states that he has difficulty reconciling and maintaining sleep due to pain, fear of the evolution of the disease, noise and environmental light. With what diagnosis do you identify this situation ?", "output": [ "A.P. de 69 a\u00f1os est\u00e1 ingresada por un infarto agudo de miocardio. Manifiesta que tiene dificultad para conciliar y mantener el sue\u00f1o por el dolor, el miedo a la evoluci\u00f3n de la enfermedad, los ruidos y la luz ambiental. \u00bfCon qu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico identifica esta situaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba7a1c4f7fa64236afceab2fd166b643", "input": "Indicate from the following answers what can be the cause of error in the formulation of Nursing diagnoses", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale de las siguientes respuestas cu\u00e1l puede ser causa de error en la formulaci\u00f3n de diagn\u00f3sticos de Enfermer\u00eda" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c8f18ea0293e4f79864f15f9777f5e31", "input": "Point out the following factors, which can both hinder and encourage critical thinking", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale de los siguientes factores, cu\u00e1les pueden tanto dificultar como fomentar el pensamiento cr\u00edtico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3a775b333fd3441bbea532da81a115c3", "input": "What is the sequence of basic life support in adults, according to the 2015 Recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la secuencia de soporte vital b\u00e1sico en adultos, seg\u00fan las Recomendaciones 2015 del European Resuscitation Council?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fb4b47d1a3c449d8b598ef4ef42d887d", "input": "In an anaphylactic reaction, what will be the recommended dose of adrenaline in infants and children", "output": [ "En una reacci\u00f3n anafil\u00e1ctica \u00bfcu\u00e1l ser\u00e1 la dosis de adrenalina recomendada en lactantes y ni\u00f1os" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fb5e95f396b54027a3753a5de895cd81", "input": "What score on the Glasgow scale, will an adult present after a situation of moderate trauma if he opens his eyes when someone speaks to him, the verbal response is confusing when asked and his response is of flexion before a painful stimulus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 puntuaci\u00f3n en la escala de Glasgow, presentar\u00e1 un adulto tras una situaci\u00f3n de trauma moderado si abre los ojos cuando alguien le habla, la respuesta verbal es confusa cuando se le pregunta y su respuesta es de flexi\u00f3n ante un est\u00edmulo doloroso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a9fc15f6ba441baa7bac00892d86af6", "input": "In relation to the organization of the sanitary zone in a Nuclear, Biological and / or Chemical incident, which of the following statements is true ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a la organizaci\u00f3n de la zona sanitaria en un incidente Nuclear, Biol\u00f3gico y/o Qu\u00edmico, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98bcfe18134f4241a863df16ad9b4b12", "input": "When carrying out air health transport, it is necessary to take into account a series of physical factors that may influence the pathology of the evacuated patient. Noise is one of them, what is the noise level inside a sanitary transport aircraft ?", "output": [ "Al realizar transporte sanitario a\u00e9reo hay que tener en cuenta una serie de factores f\u00edsicos que pueden influir en la/s patolog\u00eda/s del paciente evacuado. El ruido es uno de ellos, \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el nivel de ruido en el interior de una aeronave de transporte sanitario?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-10de791561d04f999db2b4f6a1268da8", "input": "Sergio, a 90-year-old man, presents cognitive impairment of acute onset, disorientation, visual hallucinations and delayed psychomotor activity. What would be the most likely diagnosis that Sergio will present ?", "output": [ "Sergio, anciano de 90 a\u00f1os presenta deterioro cognitivo de inicio agudo, desorientaci\u00f3n, alucinaciones visuales y actividad psicomotriz retardada, \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable que presentar\u00e1 Sergio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7b0a541b41e45de9135c96cc66796dc", "input": "Indicate the correct statement regarding pressure ulcers", "output": [ "Indique la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta en relaci\u00f3n a las \u00falceras por presi\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ad8ae7725ee49b096760ba90fb36cc7", "input": "Indicate the INCORRECT statement regarding macular degeneration related to age", "output": [ "Indique la afirmaci\u00f3n INCORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n a la degeneraci\u00f3n macular relacionada con la edad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6617cab7c4e746e4ae5b32eef768a380", "input": "Andr\u00e9s is an old man of 78 years who comes with his wife Diana to the Primary Care consultation. This one tells us that lately Andres finds it more difficult to manage the money and take autonomous means of public transport. Of the following indexes, scales and tests, which would be indicated / administered in order to detect difficulties to carry out the instrumental activities ?", "output": [ "Andr\u00e9s es un anciano de 78 a\u00f1os que acude acompa\u00f1ado de su mujer Diana a la consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria. \u00c9sta nos refiere que \u00faltimamente a Andr\u00e9s le cuesta m\u00e1s manejar el dinero y coger de manera aut\u00f3noma medios de transporte p\u00fablicos. De los/las siguientes \u00edndices, escalas y test, \u00bfcu\u00e1l estar\u00eda indicado/a administrarle a fin de detectar dificultades para llevar a cabo las actividades instrumentales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ebaad2cde44c4c2593ff1ed2a03a53b2", "input": "Which of the following nursing care related to cardioversion is INCORRECT ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes cuidados de enfermer\u00eda relacionados con la cardioversi\u00f3n es INCORRECTO?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf4c2fdb2a4b46c6a92a9d1f860cb68e", "input": "Esther attends to perform the relevant occupational health examination in her company. When evaluating the electrocardiogram of her, we observed that each P wave is followed by a QRS complex, but with a prolonged PR interval of constant form (> 0.20 seconds). Given the evidence on the electrocardiogram, we can suspect that Esther has", "output": [ "Esther acude a realizarse el pertinente examen de salud laboral en su empresa, al valorar el electrocardiograma de \u00e9sta observamos que cada onda P va seguida de un complejo QRS, pero con un intervalo PR prolongado de forma constante (>0,20 segundos). A raz\u00f3n de lo evidenciado en el electrocardiograma podemos sospechar que Esther presenta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eef161b7a780400bbbca92e5518a8882", "input": "48-year-old male, married and with 2 children, businessman with high position, smoker until 5 years ago. In October 2017, he suffered an episode of loss of consciousness with cardiorespiratory arrest in his work. Your coworkers initiate basic CPR maneuvers while waiting for the Emergency Service. Upon arrival, 7 minutes later, the patient is unconscious, without pulse and while continuing with compressions and ventilations, is monitored by observing on the electrocardiogram (ECG) a ventricular fibrillation. Indicate which of the following measures would be correct to perform in this situation, first", "output": [ "Var\u00f3n de 48 a\u00f1os, casado y con 2 hijos, empresario con alto cargo, fumador hasta hace 5 a\u00f1os. En octubre de 2017, en su trabajo sufre un episodio de p\u00e9rdida de conciencia con parada cardiorrespiratoria. Sus compa\u00f1eros de trabajo inician maniobras de RCP b\u00e1sica a la espera del Servicio de Emergencias. A su llegada, 7 minutos despu\u00e9s, el paciente se encuentra inconsciente, sin pulso y mientras se contin\u00faa con las compresiones y ventilaciones, se monitoriza observ\u00e1ndose en el electrocardiograma (ECG) una fibrilaci\u00f3n ventricular. Indique cu\u00e1l de las siguientes medidas ser\u00eda correcto realizar en esta situaci\u00f3n, en primer lugar " ] }, { "id": "task1432-9844ee3eba794946b43af69fddd55c8f", "input": "During ventricular contraction of the heart", "output": [ "Durante la contracci\u00f3n ventricular del coraz\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-323d0ab11c6643ae8f11e9436b08a442", "input": "As established by the latest recommendations of the European Cardiovascular Society regarding the prevention of cardiovascular disease", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan establecen las \u00faltimas recomendaciones de la Sociedad Europea Cardiovascular con respecto a la prevenci\u00f3n de la enfermedad cardiovascular" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b35713282ca94785a20af2789d7369f7", "input": "A patient goes to the nursing office after receiving several cycles of oxaliplatin. The patient manifests having paresthesias, dysesthesia, allodynia in the hands and feet. What classification of pain would this clinic have ?", "output": [ "Un paciente acude a la consulta de enfermer\u00eda tras recibir varios ciclos de oxaliplatino. El paciente manifiesta tener parestesias, disestesia, alodinea en manos y pies. \u00bfQu\u00e9 clasificaci\u00f3n de dolor tendr\u00eda esta cl\u00ednica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12e10f41a1814b70b3593d40347d08c1", "input": "Within the TNM classification. What would the T1N1M1 classification indicate ?", "output": [ "Dentro de la clasificaci\u00f3n TNM. \u00bfQu\u00e9 indicar\u00eda la clasificaci\u00f3n T1N1M1?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d05cd15ba16e4211bb244bf79b848f0d", "input": "What is an etiologic factor of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es un factor etiol\u00f3gico del adenocarcinoma de es\u00f3fago?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4699a73699af4e9d93bfa42b883f34ca", "input": "What are predisposing factors of suffering a malignant melanoma ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son factores predisponentes de padecer un melanoma maligno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bc945b5573a4a1fab797a19bdfa8077", "input": "Worldwide, what are the neoplasms that occur most often? ", "output": [ "A nivel mundial, \u00bfcu\u00e1les son las neoplasias que se presentan con m\u00e1s frecuencia? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-75ab7bc26d794320a1d56a837c804a58", "input": "What is a complication of bronchiolitis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es una complicaci\u00f3n de la bronquiolitis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ed1089add914e9ba8db4e063a6e3e10", "input": "How is an epileptic state (or status epilepticus) defined in a pediatric patient ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se define estado epil\u00e9ptico (o status epil\u00e9ptico) en un paciente pedi\u00e1trico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bad3c4ac5a3143bcaacb6b16b2116c7f", "input": "What problem can be indicative of a delay in the emission of meconium (later than 24 hours of life) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfDe qu\u00e9 problema puede ser indicativo un retraso en la emisi\u00f3n del meconio (m\u00e1s tarde de 24 horas de vida)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e41c45be9cb64eaaad661911e58503c5", "input": "At what age corresponds the sensory-motor (or sensorimotor) phase described by Piaget ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 edad corresponde la fase senso-motora (o sensorimotora) descrita por Piaget?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b945d49381d4b8895ce8b0eceaf97d4", "input": "Among the following antidiabetics, which one does NOT cause hypoglycemia ?", "output": [ "Entre los siguientes antidi\u00e1beticos \u00bfCu\u00e1l NO causa hipoglucemia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-523fb679930848c2ae8c53d8455e1120", "input": "One of the following criteria is diagnosis of Diabetes", "output": [ "Uno de los siguientes criterios es diagn\u00f3stico de Diabetes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-224fe35c0931401eb3bbf661f861fe38", "input": "Point out one of the characteristics of feeding people with diabetes", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale una de las caracter\u00edsticas de la alimentaci\u00f3n de las personas con diabetes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fd8b2ea70f7a4c0c883825c7f87da029", "input": "One of the symptoms or signs in the feet due to diabetic neuropathy is", "output": [ "Uno de los s\u00edntomas o signos en los pies debido a neuropat\u00eda diab\u00e9tica es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c9e3dbf10c9046fc8e654e07b8c55606", "input": "The value that reflects the effect of a carbohydrate-rich amount of food in postprandial plasma glycemia compared to the effect that an equivalent amount of pure glucose would produce is called", "output": [ "El valor que refleja el efecto de una cantidad de alimento rico en hidrato de carbono en la glucemia plasm\u00e1tica postprandial comparado con el efecto que producir\u00eda una cantidad equivalente de glucosa pura, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0f8eb3e57b2945aa878eaad30f192a26", "input": "What is called the existence of a chronic deficiency of energy and proteins, which results in a loss of body reserves of muscle mass and subcutaneous fat that produces a cachectic aspect and is usually observed in prolonged starvation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina la existencia de una deficiencia cr\u00f3nica de energ\u00eda y prote\u00ednas, que da lugar a una p\u00e9rdida de reservas corporales de masa muscular y grasa subcut\u00e1nea que produce un aspecto caqu\u00e9ctico y se suele observar en la inanici\u00f3n prolongada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-427c75b8ac13426eaa2db2d64ba2c36d", "input": "For the correct self-realization of capillary blood glucose measurement, it is recommended", "output": [ "Para la autorrealizaci\u00f3n correcta de medici\u00f3n de glucemia capilar, se recomienda" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6e37a414144943f2a38c5ac176427567", "input": "The lung damage produced during mechanical ventilation by opening and closing the collapsed alveoli is called", "output": [ "El da\u00f1o pulmonar producido durante la ventilaci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica por apertura y cierre de los alveolos colapsados se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8bb3f7d31c9949e2aa97f0f10d790b9b", "input": "The main clinical manifestations presented by a patient with COPD are, point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "Las principales manifestaciones cl\u00ednicas que presenta un paciente con EPOC son, se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b612a47f1304c45967e94cfcb2bf23d", "input": "With respect to spirometry, the maximum volume that can be mobilized in a forced respiratory cycle corresponds to, indicate the correct response", "output": [ "Con respecto a la espirometr\u00eda, el volumen m\u00e1ximo que se puede movilizar en un ciclo respiratorio forzado se corresponde con, se\u00f1ale la respuesta CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bef0086fa119413a9fedf6e289f2a265", "input": "In the clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism, it is NOT found", "output": [ "En las manifestaciones cl\u00ednicas del embolismo pulmonar, NO se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-293e486c2c2f4963852b1e3ace1ad871", "input": "The auscultation of the pleural friction is characteristic of, indicate the answer", "output": [ "La auscultaci\u00f3n del roce pleural es caracter\u00edstico de, se\u00f1ale la respuesta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1b8bcaaf8a74818840f77dd0f17a7ad", "input": "In the evaluation of a patient with chronic hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal disease, it will be evident", "output": [ "En la valoraci\u00f3n de un paciente con hiperaldosteronismo cr\u00f3nico por enfermedad suprarrenal, se evidenciar\u00e1" ] }, { "id": "task1432-12b86426d3cd40eeaa0206157043533e", "input": "In the performance of an electrocardiogram (ECG), the placement of the electrodes for the derivations of the limbs (right arm, left arm, left leg)", "output": [ "En la realizaci\u00f3n de un electrocardiograma (ECG), la colocaci\u00f3n de los electrodos para las derivaciones de los miembros (brazo derecho, brazo izquierdo, pierna izquierda)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d1201a6c33d443b48ba638c7cd5bf90f", "input": "The Glasgow coma scale consists of several fundamental sections that are", "output": [ "La escala de coma de Glasgow consta de varios apartados fundamentales que son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3842339947a49eb85803e311b85595c", "input": "In a patient with chronic heart failure", "output": [ "En un paciente con insuficiencia cardiaca cr\u00f3nica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-43657b0002c6425e8d1bbeea2d799adf", "input": "The most frequent signs and symptoms that a patient with pulmonary thromboembolism may present, and that must be assessed continuously in patients at risk are", "output": [ "Los signos y s\u00edntomas m\u00e1s frecuentes que puede presentar un paciente con tromboembolismo pulmonar, y que deben valorarse de modo continuado en pacientes de riesgo son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-467a0fb1ac4d4fb0af95797a74ed5a74", "input": "Which of the following pathologies is accompanied by diffuse and sporadic demyelination ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes patolog\u00edas cursa con desmielinizaci\u00f3n difusa y espor\u00e1dica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e35a5d7dc01c41d9a0a38cc915398789", "input": "Point out the most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale el agente causal m\u00e1s habitual de la neumon\u00eda adquirida en la comunidad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fb39241ee77c4d07a80ba2339b043ba8", "input": "Antonio, 75, with no personal history of interest, goes to the emergency department for a syncopal picture, with loss of knowledge. On arrival at the emergency room, cardiac auscultation detected bradycardia of 30-40 beats / minute, confirming, on the electrocardiogram (ECG) performed, the existence of a third-degree atrioventricular block, with ventricular escape of 32 beats / minute, Which drug would be the most indicated to use in this situation until the placement of a pacemaker ?", "output": [ "Antonio de 75 a\u00f1os, sin antecedentes personales de inter\u00e9s, acude al servicio de urgencias por cuadro sincopal, con p\u00e9rdida de conocimiento. A su llegada a urgencias, en la auscultaci\u00f3n cardiaca se detecta bradicardia de 30-40 latidos /minuto, confirm\u00e1ndose, en el electrocardiograma (ECG) realizado, la existencia de un bloqueo auriculoventricular de tercer grado, con escape ventricular de 32 latidos/minuto, \u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco ser\u00eda el m\u00e1s indicado utilizar en esta situaci\u00f3n hasta la colocaci\u00f3n de un marcapasos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da676f40849b40a9a4756993a480ab75", "input": "The symptoms of perception disorder, thought content, mood or behavior that usually occur in patients with dementia are called", "output": [ "Los cuadros de trastorno de la percepci\u00f3n, del contenido del pensamiento, del estado de \u00e1nimo o de la conducta, que suelen presentarse en los pacientes con demencia se denominan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e84c7f7362434799a458075f95ac19b2", "input": "A 57-year-old woman weighs 95 kg and has a history of daily alcohol intake, smoking, high blood pressure, high sodium intake and sedentary lifestyle. Identify, from the following, which risk factors, in this patient, are the most significant related to peripheral arterial disease", "output": [ "Mujer de 57 a\u00f1os que pesa 95 kg y tiene antecedentes de ingesta diaria de alcohol, tabaquismo, hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, ingesta alta de sodio y vida sedentaria. Identifique, de los siguientes, qu\u00e9 factores de riesgo, en esta paciente, son los m\u00e1s significativos relacionados con la enfermedad arterial perif\u00e9rica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3e1387ab9d8342c68e167577c64f912d", "input": "A patient with a venous ulcer in the lower limbs has characteristic symptomatology and clinical manifestations. Which of the following responses is not characteristic of this situation ?", "output": [ "Un paciente con una \u00falcera venosa en miembros inferiores presenta una sintomatolog\u00eda y manifestaciones cl\u00ednicas caracter\u00edsticas, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes respuestas no es propia de esta situaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0ef59fd3c7704dabbb66e0eb4e9fb884", "input": "The diet of a person with intestinal diverticulosis should be", "output": [ "La dieta de una persona con diverticulosis intestinal debe ser" ] }, { "id": "task1432-99bc5c62dc7a4098910fe3dd4db5eb08", "input": "When instructing a patient affected by gastroesophageal reflux on behaviors that may aggravate the symptoms, it would include all of the following EXCEPT", "output": [ "Al instruir a un enfermo afectado de reflujo gastroesof\u00e1gico sobre las conductas que pueden agravar los s\u00edntomas, incluir\u00eda todas las siguientes EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ec97670000344e789588e43127c09056", "input": "A patient who is going to perform an arthroplasty, the nurse explains that the purpose of this procedure is", "output": [ "Un paciente al que se va a realizar una artroplastia, la enfermera le explica que el objetivo de este procedimiento es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-313d507f50ff403d9da6c46857dda032", "input": "One of the most serious complications in patients with Enteral Nutrition is aspiration. Of the following measures, could you indicate which is appropriate for its prevention ?", "output": [ "Una de las complicaciones m\u00e1s graves en los pacientes con Nutrici\u00f3n Enteral es la aspiraci\u00f3n. De las siguientes medidas, \u00bfpodr\u00eda indicar cu\u00e1l es la adecuada para su prevenci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-521d9ce5dca14fc5b25ee42dc6fcc674", "input": "To prevent the onset of parasympathetic hyperactivity (vagal reflexes, tracheobronchial and salivary hypersecretion or bronchoconstriction), during certain manipulations or instrumental interventions in surgery, the following are used", "output": [ "Para prevenir la aparici\u00f3n de hiperactividad parasimp\u00e1tica (reflejos vagales, hipersecreci\u00f3n traqueobronquial y salival o broncoconstricci\u00f3n), durante ciertas manipulaciones o intervenciones instrumentales en la cirug\u00eda, se emplea" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45041add9fe44d418432e20ddf24bda5", "input": "An analgesic that is approximately 100 times more potent than morphine, acting on the same receptors, is", "output": [ "Un analg\u00e9sico que es aproximadamente 100 veces m\u00e1s potente que la morfina, actuando sobre los mismos receptores, es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-387877557510434c85282b40ee68ae96", "input": "A glycopeptide antibiotic requires avoiding the formation of foam in its reconstitution, or letting it rest for 15 minutes before extracting the contents of the vial. Is about", "output": [ "Un antibi\u00f3tico glucopept\u00eddico requiere evitar la formaci\u00f3n de espuma en su reconstituci\u00f3n, o bien dejar reposar 15 minutos antes de extraer el contenido del vial. Se trata de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c68f11a846f4bfab11ffa091218dbea", "input": "In the states of acute hypotension, such as those that may appear after a sympathectomy, an extirpation of a pheochromocytoma or after spinal anesthesia, a catecholamine is used, such as", "output": [ "En los estados de hipotensi\u00f3n aguda, como los que pueden aparecer despu\u00e9s de una simpatectom\u00eda, de una extirpaci\u00f3n de un feocromocitoma o tras anestesia espinal, se emplea una catecolamina como es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35947f22a10546c1af15507d3e8963ed", "input": "Psychological manifestations during the exit from the anesthesia state, such as vivid images, hallucinations, nightmares and exit delirium (dissociative or flotation sensations), are characteristics of the anesthetic", "output": [ "Las manifestaciones psicol\u00f3gicas durante la salida del estado de anestesia, como im\u00e1genes v\u00edvidas, alucinaciones, pesadillas y delirio de salida (sensaciones disociativas o de flotaci\u00f3n), son caracter\u00edsticas del anest\u00e9sico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03336d587d9f45dfb2c7a17f78f083ae", "input": "In the prevention of thrombosis in the extracorporeal circuit during cardiac and vascular surgery, the anticoagulant is used", "output": [ "En la prevenci\u00f3n de la trombosis en el circuito extracorp\u00f3reo durante la cirug\u00eda cardiaca y vascular, se emplea el anticoagulante" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b7f310f2cbd0468a9865df37ee74a177", "input": "Some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, are significantly less aggressive than other NSAIDs for the gastrointestinal mucosa, and are used in patients with a history of gastrointestinal risk. One of them is", "output": [ "Algunos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), como los inhibidores de la ciclooxigenasa 2, son significativamente menos agresivos que otros AINE para la mucosa gastrointestinal, emple\u00e1ndose en pacientes con antecedentes de riesgo gastrointestinal. Uno de ellos es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98bca188645a4f96ac7fb8f9df835e58", "input": "In a patient with intracranial hypertension and left ventricular drainage, what is the general measure, from the postural point of view, that would take to prevent and control an increase in intracranial pressure ?", "output": [ "En un paciente con hipertensi\u00f3n intracraneal y drenaje ventricular izquierdo, \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la medida general, desde el punto de vista postural, que tomar\u00eda para prevenir y controlar un aumento de la presi\u00f3n intracraneal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-531899a37e1742a3abcfcb994ebc4605", "input": "Which of the following alterations can cause a driving deafness ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes alteraciones puede provocar una sordera de conducci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2acae490ede7485ba9a7b22e0c223153", "input": "What is the proper order of administration of eye drops and artificial tears ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el orden adecuado de administraci\u00f3n de colirios y l\u00e1grimas artificiales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e3b5bbc8a7d6447bb1c9cd8dfebc77f9", "input": "Faced with an eye accident in which chemical products are poured directly into the eye, which substances have more penetration power and potentially lead to more serious injuries ?", "output": [ "Ante un accidente ocular en el que se vierten productos qu\u00edmicos directamente en el ojo, \u00bfqu\u00e9 sustancias tienen m\u00e1s poder de penetraci\u00f3n y dan lugar, potencialmente, a lesiones m\u00e1s graves?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2b68be40fab24c6fa5c136dc9a3b79c5", "input": "In patients with insomnia linked to restlessness and disorientation secondary to cognitive deficit, what should be the appropriate attitude in relation to the sleep pattern ?", "output": [ "En pacientes con insomnio vinculado a inquietud y desorientaci\u00f3n secundaria a d\u00e9ficit cognitivo, \u00bfcu\u00e1l deber\u00eda ser la actitud apropiada en relaci\u00f3n al patr\u00f3n de sue\u00f1o?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a26b85d869d54ccea6dbd6858b169633", "input": "Which of the following skin lesions occur with loss of sensitivity and anesthesia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes lesiones cut\u00e1neas cursan con p\u00e9rdida de sensibilidad y anestesia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98ed4bab38fc46b7bb1e541736656d38", "input": "In the care of a patient with pressure ulcers, which of the following methods of debridement is likely to injure the areas surrounding the ulcer if it is not used properly or circumscribed to the lesion ?", "output": [ "En la atenci\u00f3n a un paciente con \u00falceras por presi\u00f3n, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes m\u00e9todos de desbridamiento es susceptible de lesionar las zonas que rodean a la \u00falcera si no se utiliza de forma adecuada o circunscrita a la lesi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bcf95669bb54fecbf368b3d0fe24ea3", "input": "Which of the following is NOT an intravenous anesthetic ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes NO es un anest\u00e9sico de administraci\u00f3n intravenosa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eb35d59bffd845a38666d73ee42e46b2", "input": "The most common spaces to perform the epidural block will be", "output": [ "Los espacios m\u00e1s habituales para realizar el bloqueo epidural ser\u00e1n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ff395d881134e29ae14d9d395862e67", "input": "Due to the classification system of the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) to estimate the anesthetic risk, a subject with poorly controlled Diabetes Mellitus type 1 will be classified as", "output": [ "A raz\u00f3n del sistema de clasificaci\u00f3n de la American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) para estimar el riesgo anest\u00e9sico, un sujeto con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 mal controlada, se clasificar\u00e1 como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cca7ed5713a64982b3715855e613a8e1", "input": "Indicate the INCORRECT statement in relation to the electric scalpel plate", "output": [ "Indique la afirmaci\u00f3n INCORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n a la placa del bistur\u00ed el\u00e9ctrico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4363363f3994303ba262054d5f1510a", "input": "Ismael, after suffering a hip fracture, is subjected to a hip hemiarthroplasty. Which of the following postural norms will be indicated to teach Ismael during his hospital stay", "output": [ "Ismael, tras sufrir una fractura de cadera, es sometido a una hemiartroplastia de cadera. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes normas posturales estar\u00e1 indicada ense\u00f1ar a Ismael durante su estancia hospitalaria" ] }, { "id": "task1432-937dad913f8a4c43aa546a32d324701f", "input": "Indicate the INCORRECT statement in relation to malignant hyperthermia", "output": [ "Indique la afirmaci\u00f3n INCORRECTA en relaci\u00f3n a la hipertermia maligna" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eb9e22b2372f404d867d7a77b1cd2f1a", "input": "Evaristo has undergone mitral valve repair surgery. After three days in the Intensive Care Unit, she continues with mechanical ventilation in ventilatory pressure support mode (PS). We observed that the patient has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute, evidencing a tidal volume of 245 ml. When extracting an arterial gasometry, a pH of 7.28, a PCO2 of 63 mm Hg and a HCO3 of 28 mEq / L are observed. Which of the following acid-base imbalances will our patient present ?", "output": [ "Evaristo ha sido sometido a una cirug\u00eda cardiaca reparadora de v\u00e1lvula mitral. Tras tres d\u00edas en la unidad de Cuidados Intensivos contin\u00faa con ventilaci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica en modo ventilatorio de presi\u00f3n soporte (PS). Observamos que el paciente presenta una frecuencia respiratoria de 8 respiraciones por minuto, evidenci\u00e1ndose un volumen corriente de 245 ml. Al extraer una gasometr\u00eda arterial, se observa un pH de 7,28, una PCO2 de 63 mm Hg y un HCO3 de 28 mEq/L. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes desequilibrios \u00e1cido-b\u00e1sicos presentar\u00e1 nuestro paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f3d902a60b274fd3a5ccacff4de4ba53", "input": "Indicate the correct statement in relation to the drainages", "output": [ "Indique la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta en relaci\u00f3n a los drenajes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-23974a3b70c84c2d98764c937e811fd8", "input": "To maintain blood pressure there are two determinants", "output": [ "Para mantener la presi\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea existen dos determinantes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1484a7cdaf124d9bbad42eec5ce8ab58", "input": "Cardiac output (GC) meets the following formula", "output": [ "El gasto cardiaco (GC) cumple la siguiente f\u00f3rmula" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d1a93e438d564ac388d264539548e6b2", "input": "The term Central Venous Pressure refers to", "output": [ "El t\u00e9rmino Presi\u00f3n Venosa Central hace referencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-730e5934a45e4a3d8ac7e9d8c8d5b59a", "input": "The main cause of Mitral Stenosis is", "output": [ "La causa principal de la Estenosis Mitral es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7d3508509d740a59b7d9c1318aa9ee4", "input": "The triad of Virchow is constituted by", "output": [ "La triada de Virchow est\u00e1 constituido por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4571c3c4bdb448f790a3599b9ff9cde7", "input": "Cardioversion is indicated in", "output": [ "La cardioversi\u00f3n est\u00e1 indicada en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d2118f9497094d48a43bbda6d265561a", "input": "The surgical position in which the patient is placed with the thighs in abduction, the knees and hips flexed, and the feet are suspended with stirrups or legs that are fixed to the table of denominates", "output": [ "La posici\u00f3n quir\u00fargica en la que el paciente se coloca con los muslos en abducci\u00f3n, las rodillas y caderas flexionadas, y los pies quedan suspendidos con estribos o perneras que se fijan a la mesa de denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e726b1caf96f4c6fbdd6e33e60ed8ff8", "input": "A local anesthetic is indicated in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, such as those resulting from an acute myocardial infarction, digital toxicity, cardiac surgery or cardiac catheterization. Is about", "output": [ "Un anest\u00e9sico local est\u00e1 indicado en el tratamiento de las arritmias ventriculares, como aquellas que resultan de un infarto agudo de miocardio, toxicidad por digital, cirug\u00eda cardiaca o cateterismo card\u00edaco. Se trata de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-96b884a0798f414caed6d54eabbaf656", "input": "To avoid a neuromuscular block, administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin should be done", "output": [ "Para evitar un bloqueo neuromuscular, la administraci\u00f3n del antibi\u00f3tico aminogluc\u00f3sido gentamicina, debe realizarse" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ece19d19b0c45e1b5ba603c38de5e1c", "input": "In the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children and adults, an antagonist of type 3 serotonin receptors (5-HT3) is indicated. Is about", "output": [ "En la prevenci\u00f3n y el tratamiento de n\u00e1useas y v\u00f3mitos postoperatorios en ni\u00f1os y adultos, est\u00e1 indicado un antagonista de los receptores tipo 3 de serotonina (5-HT3). Se trata de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6b68e93d05cd4b119a7c9957e05dbafe", "input": "We have a patient in our care who has just arrived from a tumor resection surgery at the level of the temporal cerebral cortex. Which of the following cares should I NOT do ?", "output": [ "Tenemos a nuestro cuidado un paciente que acaba de llegar de una cirug\u00eda de resecci\u00f3n tumoral a nivel de la corteza cerebral temporal. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes cuidados NO deber\u00eda realizar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ebe62b38a6334e26a688609924ef60b4", "input": "The patient in bed 227 has just arrived from the operating room where a skeletal femur traction has been placed. Which of the following nursing care would NOT be adequate to perform in the immediate postoperative period ?", "output": [ "El paciente de la cama 227 acaba de llegar del quir\u00f3fano donde se le ha puesto una tracci\u00f3n esquel\u00e9tica de f\u00e9mur. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes cuidados de enfermer\u00eda NO ser\u00eda adecuado realizar en el postoperatorio inmediato?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8345dba4976647da935219751b2ae431", "input": "A newly operated cataract patient arrives at our resuscitation, in what position should the patient be placed to reduce intraocular pressure ?", "output": [ "Llega un paciente reci\u00e9n operado de cataratas a nuestra reanimaci\u00f3n, \u00bfen qu\u00e9 posici\u00f3n deber\u00eda colocar al paciente para reducir la presi\u00f3n intraocular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea72a21a52634925a3ed24254bdb2efd", "input": "Of the different lesions on the skin, the pustule is characterized by", "output": [ "De las diferentes lesiones en la piel, la p\u00fastula se caracteriza por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a74bdb5f4a5b4381a9997072b8625b1d", "input": "A patient who has had recurrent otitis externa comes to our nursing office. Which of the following preventive measures would you NOT recommend ?", "output": [ "Acude a nuestra consulta de enfermer\u00eda un paciente que ha tenido otitis externa de repetici\u00f3n, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes medidas preventivas NO le recomendar\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-82d0e7f181744e1186e5176a41c1093b", "input": "They have assigned him a quota of population in a Health Center, with a very old population. What prevalence of people with heart failure are likely to be found in people older than 70 ?", "output": [ "Le han asignado un cupo de poblaci\u00f3n en un Centro de Salud, con poblaci\u00f3n muy envejecida. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prevalencia de personas con insuficiencia cardiaca es probable que encuentre en mayores de 70 a\u00f1os?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98beaf8aaf91460d948ac55c2796b12f", "input": "In a home visit to a patient with heart failure, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, when reviewing the patient's first aid kit, you find a series of drugs that the patient habitually consumes. Which of them poses a risk for the worsening of heart failure ?", "output": [ "En una visita domiciliaria a un paciente con insuficiencia cardiaca, diabetes tipo 2 y dislipemia, al realizar la revisi\u00f3n del botiqu\u00edn del paciente, usted encuentra una serie de f\u00e1rmacos que el paciente consume habitualmente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de ellos supone un riesgo para el empeoramiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3518b23377f643788715069b605de455", "input": "Which of the following vaccines should be indicated in people with heart failure ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes vacunas debe indicarse en personas con insuficiencia cardiaca?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5c56a3bfae9a4ffda2ece439e56ae83f", "input": "Indicate which of the following statements is true in relation to the Social Determinants of Health", "output": [ "Indica cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta en relaci\u00f3n a los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba7783587adb4c98b98c6080a7162c9e", "input": "According to the conceptual framework of the determinants of social inequalities in health, based on Solar and Irwin and Navarro, we can affirm that", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el marco conceptual de los determinantes de las desigualdades sociales en salud, basado en Solar e Irwin y Navarro, podemos afirmar que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ab145ff2ee454541b2049ecd4126ac18", "input": "Regarding the Hepatitis A vaccine, which of the following statements is NOT true", "output": [ "En cuanto a la vacuna de la Hepatitis A, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones NO es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7a592c6fe3f44eb6a7577c13c78ec2b0", "input": "In which of these means will we NOT find Legionella ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de estos medios NO encontraremos Legionella?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-48187563b16f4c90852876755d1ad5bb", "input": "Regarding HIV / AIDS, it is FALSE that", "output": [ "Respecto al VIH/SIDA es FALSO que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fde8d3f938e84baaa8ada97d4fcf35b0", "input": "In relation to the tuberculin test (Mantoux) or Purified Protected Derivative (PPD) it is true that", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a la prueba de la tuberculina (Mantoux) o Derivado Proteico Purificado (de sus siglas en ingles PPD) es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76ec4d35b417435cb214340dde3151ed", "input": "Which of the following options is NOT a recommendation of physical activity for the adult population ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones NO es una recomendaci\u00f3n de actividad f\u00edsica para poblaci\u00f3n adulta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2405e26318fa4dd0b2457bf59cbc4dbb", "input": "Which of the following risk factors for drug addiction is of a microsocial type ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores de riesgo de drogadicci\u00f3n es de tipo microsocial?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce55fe4b4eee4a9b83202e556efe53d3", "input": "According to the World Health Organization and according to scientific evidence, the threshold to consider alcohol risk consumption is", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud y de acuerdo a las evidencias cient\u00edficas, el umbral para considerar consumo de riesgo de alcohol es de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-057a1f83b6d3477b81e72393e3f99e75", "input": "Messages about healthy eating should be based on epidemiological evidence. Identify which of the following messages about healthy eating is FALSE", "output": [ "Los mensajes sobre alimentaci\u00f3n saludable deben basarse en evidencias epidemiol\u00f3gicas. Identifica, cu\u00e1l de los siguientes mensajes sobre alimentaci\u00f3n saludable es FALSO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f8b31fde70d84f22ad8c2fb12f35b0a8", "input": "Risk reduction (or harm reduction) strategies aim to not eliminate the use of drugs, but to admit that their use is inevitable and, therefore, to try to reduce the harm. Indicate which of the following statements is NOT correct", "output": [ "Las estrategias de reducci\u00f3n de riesgo (o de reducci\u00f3n del da\u00f1o), apuntan a no eliminar el uso de las drogas, sino a admitir que es inevitable su uso y, por tanto, a tratar de reducir el da\u00f1o. Indica cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones NO es correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d7bef51005cd40ecbe3f8f928e76c8fe", "input": "Mrs. J.L.G., blood group A Rh negative, has been the mother of two twins, one of them Rh positive and the other A Rh negative). What dose of anti-D gammaglobulin should be administered to this patient taking into account that she did not receive a prophylactic dose between weeks 28 and 30 of gestation ?", "output": [ "La se\u00f1ora J.L.G., de grupo sangu\u00edneo A Rh negativo, ha sido madre de dos mellizos uno de ellos 0 Rh positivo y el otro A Rh negativo). \u00bfQu\u00e9 dosis de gammaglobulina anti-D debe ser administrada a esta paciente teniendo en cuenta que no recibi\u00f3 dosis profil\u00e1ctica entre las semanas 28 y 30 de gestaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58bd75b8f21d4b86872eec4858884817", "input": "From the point of view of public health, what is the definition of community ?", "output": [ "Desde el punto de vista de salud p\u00fablica, \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la definici\u00f3n de comunidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d04b836317fa4761ad43c030157a9fbd", "input": "What is the correct answer about the epidemiological chain of tuberculosis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la respuesta correcta sobre la cadena epidemiol\u00f3gica de la tuberculosis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-61524e592e424e9780271c07d8d6a2bd", "input": "Indicate which of the following answers fits the concept of life expectancy", "output": [ "Indica cu\u00e1l de las siguientes respuestas se ajusta al concepto de esperanza de vida" ] }, { "id": "task1432-32ac19cfc3d243cdbe2914e6d3be6637", "input": "Which of the following is considered a true contraindication for the administration of a systematic vaccine ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes se considera una verdadera contraindicaci\u00f3n para la administraci\u00f3n de una vacuna sistem\u00e1tica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5024b11dcb9a4f64888212fbcd4e0ec2", "input": "From the following options indicate which option is CERTAIN as a contraindication in vaccination", "output": [ "De las siguientes opciones indique qu\u00e9 opci\u00f3n es CIERTA como contraindicaci\u00f3n en vacunaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e3b8f9b82f6427d844bda5f370aa54e", "input": "Which of the following sources of scientific information specifically contains reviews on a certain topic ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes fuentes de informaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica contiene espec\u00edficamente revisiones sobre un determinado tema?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a3c7ba9be833401ead74c3daf4f4bc7e", "input": "For the sample design of an investigation it is decided to randomly select a number of districts of a city. Subsequently, a number of random census sections are chosen over these districts, of which all persons living in these sections are included for the study. Is about", "output": [ "Para el dise\u00f1o muestral de una investigaci\u00f3n se decide seleccionar aleatoriamente un n\u00famero de distritos de una ciudad. Posteriormente, sobre estos distritos se eligen un n\u00famero de secciones censales al azar, de las cuales se incluyen para el estudio todas las personas que viven en dichas secciones. Se trata de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e3cf974eace24e09aa76b7083484d272", "input": "The use of filters or limiters in the bibliographic search strategies refers to", "output": [ "El uso de filtros o limitadores en las estrategias de b\u00fasquedas bibliogr\u00e1ficas se refiere a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4d7e7f9e736a49009d7b52fc20a39ec7", "input": "In qualitative research the combination of different methods, theories, data and researchers, or any of these elements, is called", "output": [ "En investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa la combinaci\u00f3n de diferentes m\u00e9todos, teor\u00edas, datos e investigadores, o cualquiera de estos elementos, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7b76cd3de6e47509ff466c36e0e8200", "input": "What methodological approach, aims to explain how individuals give meaning to social phenomena through their lived experience ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 enfoque metodol\u00f3gico, pretende explicar c\u00f3mo los individuos dan significado a fen\u00f3menos sociales a trav\u00e9s de su experiencia vivida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b96d64038044742b8d7625043c73521", "input": "What is the name of the analytical process by means of which phrases, themes or concepts are labeled, which summarize what is dealt with in the segment of the analyzed text ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina el proceso anal\u00edtico por medio del cual se etiquetan frases, temas o conceptos, que resume lo tratado en el segmento del texto analizado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cfc50a57956a42178fbf779ecd47379f", "input": "What qualitative research technique consists of repeated face-to-face encounters between the researcher and the informants, aimed at understanding the perspectives that informants have about their lives ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica de investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa consiste en encuentros reiterados cara a cara entre el investigador y los informantes, dirigidos hacia la comprensi\u00f3n de las perspectivas que tienen los informantes respecto de sus vidas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf5d915e512e4deebba3a7df22c14366", "input": "The people who formally or informally regulate access to a research field are called", "output": [ "Las personas que regulan formal o informalmente el acceso a un campo de investigaci\u00f3n, se denominan" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5664c6004f754f7b94f350df388cc231", "input": "In relation to the discussion groups, point out the correct answer", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a los grupos de discusi\u00f3n, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1435bb97b7144b968522ffe85ba5381a", "input": "What is the definition of the global fertility rate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la definici\u00f3n de tasa global de fecundidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d35b017cc78549baa70e3aeff111cc8e", "input": "What is the type of epidemiological study that can produce the strongest evidence when establishing cause-effect relationships ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tipo de estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico que puede producir la evidencia m\u00e1s s\u00f3lida a la hora de establecer relaciones causa-efecto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ec9d769999ce45e08868486a868ef744", "input": "Which regression model should be used if you have an Odds Ratio as an association measure ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 modelo de regresi\u00f3n se deber\u00eda utilizar si se tiene como medida de asociaci\u00f3n una Odds Ratio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a53746426dba4a3cba93e1082711ac29", "input": "In a study, information was collected from 200 people who have been followed for a year at the gastroenterology plant of a hospital in Madrid. We want to study the number of new cases of Hepatitis B in these 200 people who have all had the same follow-up time. What frequency measure would you use ?", "output": [ "En un estudio se ha recogido informaci\u00f3n de 200 personas que se han seguido durante un a\u00f1o en la planta de gastroenterolog\u00eda de un hospital de Madrid. Se quiere estudiar el n\u00famero de casos nuevos de Hepatitis B en estas 200 personas que han tenido todos el mismo tiempo de seguimiento. \u00bfQu\u00e9 medida de frecuencia utilizar\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a6eb535599f3407fa597cfa1ff051919", "input": "In one study, the mean capillary blood glucose was calculated in a sample of 200 patients in a consultation. The mean is 130 mg / dL, standard deviation is 20 and a Confidence Interval (CI) is 95% (125-136). How would the IC be interpreted ?", "output": [ "En un estudio se calcula la media de glucemia capilar en una muestra de 200 pacientes de una consulta. La media es de 130 mg/dl, desviaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar de 20 y un Intervalo de Confianza (IC) al 95% (125-136). \u00bfC\u00f3mo se interpretar\u00eda el IC?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c9104d623ef34999bd2ca53efe3a76e3", "input": "In a study we want to determine if there is a relationship between total blood cholesterol and age, what graph will be used to show the relationship between both variables? ", "output": [ "En un estudio se quiere determinar si existe relaci\u00f3n entre el colesterol total en sangre y la edad, \u00bfqu\u00e9 grafico se utilizar\u00e1 para mostrar la relaci\u00f3n entre ambas variables? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4827ce59cab4d21b977ace05ab62dd7", "input": "When you want to study if there is a relationship between a quantitative variable in three different groups of individuals, what nonparametric test should be used", "output": [ "Cuando se quiere estudiar si existe relaci\u00f3n entre una variable cuantitativa en tres grupos diferentes de individuos, \u00bfqu\u00e9 test no param\u00e9trico se deber\u00eda utilizar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0f13b1e47f14a08864fdae3c5723e62", "input": "What is the recommended publication standard for case-control studies ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el est\u00e1ndar de publicaci\u00f3n recomendado para estudios de casos y controles?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-722066c43f994a18ab3a9be938453add", "input": "One study evaluated the effectiveness of an integrated hospital-primary care program for the management of patients with heart failure in a comprehensive health area, compared to patients with heart failure who received conventional care, obtaining that patients with heart failure included in the program obtained an HR (Hazard Ratio) for mortality of 0.92 (95% CI 0.86-0.97). Point out the TRUE", "output": [ "Un estudio evalu\u00f3 la efectividad de un programa integrado hospital-Atenci\u00f3n Primaria para la gesti\u00f3n de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en una \u00e1rea integral de salud, frente a pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca que recib\u00edan atenci\u00f3n convencional, obteniendo que los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca incluidos en el programa obtuvieron una HR (Hazard Ratio) para la mortalidad de 0,92 (IC 95% 0,86 \u2013 0,97). Se\u00f1ale la VERDADERA " ] }, { "id": "task1432-3fbd5d83d64b4f3db007ee8727f57a67", "input": "A systematic review has evaluated the effect of four modalities of educational interventions guided by nurses in cancer patients. To do this, they measured the impact on their quality of life and the level of pain. These findings were obtained on the improvement of the quality of life, expressed in terms of Number Needed to Treat (NNT). Educational model 1 NNT 12 (CI 95% 8,7-16,1) Educational model 2 NNT 37 (CI 95% 26,262.9) Educational model 3 NNT 125 (CI 95% 75,2148,0 ) Educational model 4 NNT 237 (CI 95% 216,3321,8)", "output": [ "Una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica ha evaluado el efecto de cuatro modalidades de intervenciones educativas guiadas por enfermeras en pacientes con c\u00e1ncer. Para ello, midieron el impacto sobre su calidad de vida y el nivel de dolor. Se obtuvieron estos hallazgos sobre la mejora de la calidad de vida, expresados en t\u00e9rminos de N\u00famero Necesario a Tratar (NNT). Modelo educativo 1 NNT 12 (IC 95% 8,7-16,1) Modelo educativo 2 NNT 37 (IC 95% 26,262,9) Modelo educativo 3 NNT 125 (IC 95% 75,2148,0) Modelo educativo 4 NNT 237 (IC 95% 216,3321,8)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dfacb8db0f1447c181cc95368469990e", "input": "Which metasearch engine allows searches in PICO format ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 metabuscador permite hacer b\u00fasquedas en formato PICO?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e6321dca949f4ae5a299df7eb08fcf2e", "input": "When a randomized, controlled study is critically evaluated with the critical reading instrument of the CASPe network, one of the questions that is asked is whether the patients, clinicians and study staff were kept blind to the treatment. What does this question refer to?", "output": [ "Cuando se eval\u00faa cr\u00edticamente un estudio aleatorizado y controlado con el instrumento de lectura cr\u00edtica de la red CASPe, una de las cuestiones que se indaga es si se mantuvieron ciegos al tratamiento los pacientes, los cl\u00ednicos y el personal del estudio. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 se refiere esta pregunta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2890551f7de74ce2bc27fe1f0a420243", "input": "In the study you are doing on weight gain among infants with exclusive breastfeeding, mixed breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding with prepared milk formulas, the scale you use always indicates a weight of 200 grams greater than the actual weight. This would cause a type error", "output": [ "En el estudio que est\u00e1 usted realizando sobre el aumento de peso entre lactantes con lactancia materna exclusiva, lactancia mixta y lactancia exclusiva con f\u00f3rmulas de leche preparada, la b\u00e1scula que usted utiliza indica siempre un peso de 200 gramos superior al peso real. Esto causar\u00eda un error de tipo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-994aa645d3dd43d2b0b8b015ebd8b242", "input": "In the doctoral studies D.N.F. the meaning of the experience suffered by students from different secondary education institutes in the province of Malaga, who have suffered bullying in 2016, is collected. This is a type of study", "output": [ "En los estudios del doctorando D.N.F. se recoge el significado de la experiencia sufrida por alumnos de diferentes institutos de educaci\u00f3n secundaria de la provincia de M\u00e1laga, que han sufrido acoso escolar en el a\u00f1o 2016. Este es un tipo de estudio" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1d5650ba6fa544bba4e360a207654b92", "input": "What are the key stages of the behavior change that the trans-theoretical model encompasses ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las etapas claves del cambio de conducta que abarca el modelo transte\u00f3rico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-19d42daeac1e4773acf56b2b9e249c16", "input": "Which of the following models of behavior modification in health is a model of health promotion planning that is based on the premise that the educational diagnosis must precede the intervention plan ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes Modelos de modificaci\u00f3n de comportamientos en salud es un modelo de planificaci\u00f3n de promoci\u00f3n de salud que est\u00e1 basado en la premisa de que el diagnostico educacional debe de preceder al plan de intervenci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d4c1325d01044eb795a80cf2dd95d848", "input": "In the learning process of health education, what technique could help people to develop specific skills that will help them to introduce the changes that have been proposed ?", "output": [ "En el proceso de aprendizaje de educaci\u00f3n para la salud, \u00bfqu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica podr\u00eda ayudar a las personas a desarrollar habilidades concretas que les sirvan para introducir los cambios que se hayan propuesto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7a940c2e246c42bc85214c4e31a8ae6b", "input": "The 9th World Conference on Health Promotion held in Shanghai in 2016, incorporates as a novelty a key strategy to promote health and sustainable development that deals with", "output": [ "La 9\u00aa Conferencia mundial sobre Promoci\u00f3n de Salud celebrada en Shanghai en el a\u00f1o 2016, incorpora como novedad una estrategia clave para promover la salud y el desarrollo sostenible que trata de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-526d859e032244bc9fa50e9edf0a2f79", "input": "In what year the 1st World Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa was held", "output": [ "En qu\u00e9 a\u00f1o se celebr\u00f3 la 1\u00aa Conferencia mundial sobre Promoci\u00f3n de Salud situada en Ottawa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69d1d1e0e4cb466da80154d454955e9b", "input": "Regarding the processes of Community Participation in Health based on the salutogenic model, the preparation of a map of assets in health implies (indicate the correct answer)", "output": [ "Respecto a los procesos de Participaci\u00f3n Comunitaria en Salud bas\u00e1ndose en el modelo salutog\u00e9nico, la elaboraci\u00f3n de un mapa de activos en salud supone (se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b54a79eed00c4d76b5aa4bcecb0b67b4", "input": "The conceptual framework of the determinants of social inequalities in health, proposed by the Commission to reduce health inequalities in Spain, prepared in 2010, suggests the existence of axes of social inequality in health. These axes of inequality that determine hierarchies of power in society would be (point out the correct answer)", "output": [ "El Marco conceptual de los determinantes de las desigualdades sociales en salud, propuesto por la Comisi\u00f3n para reducir las Desigualdades en Salud en Espa\u00f1a, elaborado en 2010, se plantea la existencia de Ejes de desigualdad social en salud. Estos Ejes de desigualdad que determinan jerarqu\u00edas de poder en la sociedad ser\u00edan (se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ed2fbbd2cc94161980c8bc90ee4856a", "input": "The community diagnosis is a fundamental instrument in any process of community participation. This phase of the process should include", "output": [ "El diagn\u00f3stico comunitario es un instrumento fundamental en todo proceso de participaci\u00f3n comunitaria. Esta fase del proceso debe incluir" ] }, { "id": "task1432-15c680ce281a48c9b54b839c0fabf59a", "input": "Among the so-called community participation mechanisms, we find support groups, which refer to", "output": [ "Entre los llamados mecanismos de participaci\u00f3n comunitaria encontramos los grupos de apoyo, que hacen referencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cacc852e7c9f417f910c5b9d75beb2ce", "input": "Health literacy refers to", "output": [ "La alfabetizaci\u00f3n en salud hace referencia a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-57529b9beebe4b2595722f0bd9db9772", "input": "One of the main factors addressed in the Strategy for the Promotion of Health and Prevention in the National Health System (SNS), within the framework of the chronicity approach is (point out the FALSE answer)", "output": [ "Uno de los principales factores abordados en la Estrategia de Promoci\u00f3n de la Salud y Prevenci\u00f3n en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), en el marco del abordaje de la cronicidad es (se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d8d14f6ae2034a4690d4390fb2d291ee", "input": "Of the following definitions, which refers to the health promotion ?", "output": [ "De las siguientes definiciones, \u00bfcu\u00e1l se refiere a la de promoci\u00f3n de la salud?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dbc317efa6164ed39ec0d910e2e5f619", "input": "You go to the Cultural Center of your basic health area to make a session of Health Education about the climacteric. In relation to calcium metabolism and the prevention of osteoporosis, point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Usted acude al Centro Cultural de su zona b\u00e1sica de salud para realizar una sesi\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n para la Salud sobre el climaterio. En relaci\u00f3n con el metabolismo del calcio y la prevenci\u00f3n de osteoporosis, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5e8c4a30499f4b88b068927eb6350b4a", "input": "Multifactor interventions for the prevention of falls in frail elderly include", "output": [ "Las intervenciones multifactoriales para la prevenci\u00f3n de ca\u00eddas en ancianos fr\u00e1giles incluyen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-72c5992d709f4a6e86308c0c4d6d354c", "input": "In health check-ups between 2 and 6 months of age, the nurse advises parents regarding sudden infant death syndrome. From the following recommendations, indicate the INCORRECT", "output": [ "En las revisiones de salud entre los 2 y 6 meses de vida, la enfermera aconseja a los padres en relaci\u00f3n con el s\u00edndrome de muerte s\u00fabita del lactante. De las siguientes recomendaciones, se\u00f1ale la INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0eceaa4911584ccca6b5119b44468587", "input": "In the reviews of the child's health after 2 years, what findings should we consider of risk in relation to childhood obesity ?", "output": [ "En las revisiones de salud del ni\u00f1o a partir de los 2 a\u00f1os, \u00bfqu\u00e9 hallazgos debemos considerar de riesgo en relaci\u00f3n a la obesidad infantil?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-78cbc58c71394e4c8aec978b1f9276bd", "input": "Before a woman who expresses in consultation her desire for pregnancy, the nurse plans to inform and give advice on lifestyles. Point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Ante una mujer que expresa en consulta su deseo de embarazo, la enfermera se plantea informar y dar consejos sobre estilos de vida. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bf1644f57db409d9b5a80c6cdf698e6", "input": "Point out the correct answer. When applying silver dressings in the treatment of wounds, what is the main function of these among the following answers ?", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta. Cuando se aplican ap\u00f3sitos de plata en el tratamiento de las heridas, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la funci\u00f3n principal de los mismos entre las siguientes respuestas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-77f58a4ed6e0477b99fe2c80ad6bbe12", "input": "Studies carried out in our field, highlight the high prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition in dependent persons assisted at home. Indicate the parameter that is NOT assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment", "output": [ "Estudios realizados en nuestro \u00e1mbito, ponen de manifiesto la elevada prevalencia de desnutrici\u00f3n y riesgo de desnutrici\u00f3n en personas dependientes atendidas en su domicilio. Se\u00f1ale el par\u00e1metro que NO es valorado con el Mini Nutritional Assessment" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0fb98854474a491db3c4f6bae2cd3227", "input": "In Primary Care What is the recommended test for initial screening to determine the situation of fragility / functional limitation in older people ?", "output": [ "En Atenci\u00f3n Primaria \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la prueba recomendada de forma preferente para el cribado inicial para determinar la situaci\u00f3n de fragilidad/limitaci\u00f3n funcional, en las personas mayores?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-917dce99f7084dafac96c06c8e140715", "input": "In relation to the community case management nurse, she points out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a la enfermera gestora de casos comunitaria, se\u00f1ala la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1881ea6c3fb04603a57d779b4d459143", "input": "In relation to the prevention activities that nurses must carry out in children's health programs, point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a las actividades de prevenci\u00f3n que deben realizar las enfermeras en los programas de salud infantil, se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9132c3876eac47a79063d24e4e1463ee", "input": "The Common Services Portfolio of the current National Health System includes services for women. Which of the following activities is NOT contemplated ?", "output": [ "La Cartera de Servicios Comunes del Sistema Nacional de Salud vigente comprende servicios de atenci\u00f3n a la mujer. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actividades NO se contempla?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2178285471324ce7a0ac3e4ec886ee7e", "input": "In the family assessment in crisis situations, the nurse can identify the characteristics of functional or dysfunctional families. Which of the following tests can be useful ?", "output": [ "En la valoraci\u00f3n familiar en situaciones de crisis, la enfermera puede identificar las caracter\u00edsticas de las familias funcionales o disfuncionales. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes test pueden ser de utilidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f9c934b6e4b44dab801523738cc33fc3", "input": "You are in the Primary Care office where you are going to vaccinate a person. Note in the package insert that an adjuvant is found among the components of the vaccine. What does this component refer to ?", "output": [ "Usted se encuentra en la consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria donde va a vacunar a una persona. Observa en el prospecto que entre los componentes de la vacuna se encuentra un adyuvante. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 se refiere dicho componente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-85aa5bab0ff6441bae918dd25821c684", "input": "Receive a notice to attend a traffic accident. It is the only health staff until the arrival of advanced life support. Upon arrival, a patient is found who has been removed from the car and who presents amputation at the level of the distal femur with intense arterial hemorrhage. The patient is unconscious. What would be the order of action ?", "output": [ "Recibe un aviso para atender un accidente de tr\u00e1fico. Es el \u00fanico personal sanitario hasta la llegada del soporte vital avanzado. Al llegar se encuentra a un paciente al que han extra\u00eddo del coche y que presenta amputaci\u00f3n a nivel de f\u00e9mur distal con intensa hemorragia arterial. El paciente se encuentra inconsciente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda el orden de actuaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-740a749482f34294b52e2b25981d2950", "input": "Mrs. M.F.B goes to your Primary Health Care clinic in the center where you work with a report from the hematologist of the reference hospital in which a thrombocytopenia is indicated as a diagnosis. You review the drugs you are taking. Which of them can contribute to thrombocytopenia ?", "output": [ "La Se\u00f1ora M.F.B acude a su consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria de Salud en el centro donde usted trabaja con un informe del hemat\u00f3logo del hospital de referencia en el que indica como diagn\u00f3stico una trombocitopenia a estudio. Usted revisa los f\u00e1rmacos que est\u00e1 tomando. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de ellos puede contribuir a la trombocitopenia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-23e81593721745f2886a671e698ac369", "input": "She goes to the Primary Care consultation Mar\u00eda, 8 years old, accompanied by her father because of leg injuries. The father comments that yesterday they were in an old family house in the countryside to review the structure of it and stayed to sleep, although the mattresses were old. Multiple and grouped erythematous papules arranged in a zigzag pattern are observed in the girl. It does not present hemorrhagic sufferers. What would be the first suspected cause of these injuries ?", "output": [ "Acude a la consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria Mar\u00eda de 8 a\u00f1os de edad acompa\u00f1ada de su padre por presentar lesiones en las piernas. El padre comenta que ayer estuvieron en una antigua casa familiar en el campo para revisar la estructura de la misma y se quedaron a dormir, aunque los colchones eran viejos. Se observan en la ni\u00f1a p\u00e1pulas eritematosas m\u00faltiples y agrupadas dispuestas en zigzag. No presenta sufusiones hemorr\u00e1gicas. \u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda la primera sospecha de causa de dichas lesiones?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-200f2f4d4a934f7b8e9c332a70e04f3b", "input": "Point out the correct answer. Manuel, 58, has recently started treatment with acenocoumarol. Go to your consultation for assessment and health education. You will inform about", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta. Manuel de 58 a\u00f1os ha comenzado recientemente con tratamiento de acenocumarol. Acude a su consulta para valoraci\u00f3n y educaci\u00f3n sanitaria. Usted le informar\u00e1 sobre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dfb28313a844470d9486bce39b090d17", "input": "Are you as a companion of a relative in a consultation, in his presence a person collapses? What is the sequence of steps to follow in the performance, according to the latest recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council 2015 ?", "output": [ "Est\u00e1 usted como acompa\u00f1ante de un familiar en una consulta, en su presencia se desploma una persona \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la secuencia de pasos a seguir en la actuaci\u00f3n, seg\u00fan las \u00faltimas recomendaciones del European Resuscitation Council 2015?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-04ae7c3c815b4290ba13f400ce146dde", "input": "Which parameter does NOT indicate a good start and initiation of breastfeeding ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 par\u00e1metro NO indica un buen inicio e instauraci\u00f3n de la lactancia materna?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f4587210d7f243f58fb7a08554bb8226", "input": "She goes to the primary care clinic Teresa, 35 years of age to administer the anti-hepatitis A vaccine. After its administration, the patient complains of generalized itching and difficulty breathing. Given the suspicion of an anaphylactic reaction to a component of the vaccine, what immediate action would be the LEAST adequate ?", "output": [ "Acude a la consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria Teresa, de 35 a\u00f1os de edad para administrarse la vacuna anti-hepatitis A. Tras su administraci\u00f3n, la paciente refiere picor generalizado y dificultad para respirar. Ante la sospecha de una reacci\u00f3n anafil\u00e1ctica a un componente de la vacuna, \u00bfqu\u00e9 actuaci\u00f3n inmediata ser\u00eda la MENOS adecuada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cf4722b8f6cd4a5691d9ec9ead47023d", "input": "Augustine goes to the consultation of the health center. You, as your Primary Care nurse, detect the presence of bradycardia. Which of the following factors could be linked ?", "output": [ "Agust\u00edn acude a la consulta del centro de salud. Usted, como su enfermera de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria detecta la presencia de bradicardia. \u00bfA cu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores podr\u00eda estar vinculado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5832ba6d6474444e85903ffacbacb3e3", "input": "Jesus, a 72-year-old man presents a wound after a fall a few days ago. The bed is dry, and there is a hard, blackened plaque that makes healing difficult. Within the types of debridements available, choose the correct answer in relation to autolytic debridement", "output": [ "Jes\u00fas, un hombre de 72 a\u00f1os presenta una herida tras una ca\u00edda hace unos d\u00edas. El lecho est\u00e1 seco, y se aprecia una placa dura y ennegrecida que dificulta la cicatrizaci\u00f3n. Dentro de los tipos de desbridamientos disponibles, elija la respuesta correcta en relaci\u00f3n al desbridamiento autol\u00edtico " ] }, { "id": "task1432-8051410e65b149d79cf388eb794d69b4", "input": "He goes to the emergency service Jos\u00e9 Antonio, 12, diagnosed with diabetes. He presents sweating and tremor and a capillary blood glucose of 43 mg / dl. To what physiological mechanism are these signs caused by hypoglycemia ?", "output": [ "Acude al servicio de urgencias rural Jos\u00e9 Antonio, de 12 a\u00f1os, diagnosticado de diabetes. Presenta sudoraci\u00f3n y temblor y una glucemia capilar de 43 mg/dl. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 mecanismo fisiol\u00f3gico se deben estos signos provocados por la hipoglucemia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b74254c8d3849a386264dc41d726dbd", "input": "Which of the following muscles participates in the raising of the rib cage during inspiration ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les de los siguientes m\u00fasculos participa en la elevaci\u00f3n de la caja tor\u00e1cica durante la inspiraci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a2872d78a0c84bc0a4cc4b827a9ea1c7", "input": "When a manager trusts in the high involvement and training of each one of the people that make up the group, encourages him to discuss and share decision-making with them, the leadership style is", "output": [ "Cuando un directivo conf\u00eda en la alta implicaci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n de cada una de las personas que integran el grupo, lo anima a discutir y comparte con ellos la toma de decisiones, el estilo de liderazgo es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c4fdc1402784b8c8ab4242d820db06e", "input": "As a Nursing professional in a Health Center, you receive an urgent notice to go to a home with the information of loss of consciousness of a 53-year-old man. Upon arrival at the site he finds the person on the floor of a yard under construction and the woman reports that she has been working all morning despite the heat that she is doing. The patient shows an abnormal flexion of the extremities, to the call it emits incomprehensible sounds and only opens the eyes before the pain. Indicate your score on the Glasgow scale", "output": [ "Como profesional de Enfermer\u00eda en un Centro de Salud, recibe un aviso urgente para acudir a un domicilio con la informaci\u00f3n de p\u00e9rdida de consciencia de un var\u00f3n de 53 a\u00f1os. A la llegada al lugar encuentra a la persona en el suelo de un patio en obras y la mujer refiere que ha estado toda la ma\u00f1ana trabajando a pesar del calor que hace. El paciente muestra una flexi\u00f3n anormal de las extremidades, a la llamada emite sonidos incomprensibles y solo abre los ojos ante el dolor. Indique la puntuaci\u00f3n que presenta en la escala de Glasgow" ] }, { "id": "task1432-63b915db9be34b7babc135c4d48a1f8d", "input": "Luc\u00eda is a 42-year-old woman who comes to the consultation of her Primary Care nurse after being discharged from the hospital due to appendectomy. Presents a wound in the abdomen considered contaminated clean. Depending on the degree and likelihood of contamination, a wound is a clean contaminated type when", "output": [ "Luc\u00eda es una se\u00f1ora de 42 a\u00f1os que acude a la consulta de su enfermera de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria tras recibir el alta hospitalaria por apendicectom\u00eda. Presenta una herida en el abdomen considerada contaminada limpia. Seg\u00fan el grado y la probabilidad de contaminaci\u00f3n, una herida es de tipo contaminada limpia cuando" ] }, { "id": "task1432-248dda4103214e4abc44d2d4e534903b", "input": "During the focused assessment of the breathing pattern of Mr. Juan Antonio, 68, he finds the following characteristics frequency and depth of irregular breathing, with periods of apnea combined with periods of breathing that increase in depth and frequency and then decrease gradually until again pause for apnea. Point out how you would record this respiratory pattern in the medical record", "output": [ "Durante la valoraci\u00f3n focalizada del patr\u00f3n respiratorio del Sr. Juan Antonio de 68 a\u00f1os, encuentra las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas frecuencia y profundidad de las respiraciones irregular, con per\u00edodos de apnea combinados con per\u00edodos de respiraciones que aumentan en profundidad y frecuencia para luego ir disminuyendo paulatinamente hasta de nuevo hacer una pausa de apnea. Se\u00f1ale c\u00f3mo registrar\u00eda en la historia cl\u00ednica este patr\u00f3n respiratorio" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e664e89ff7a849f2bb081850353deec6", "input": "According to the strategy of health promotion and prevention in the National Health System, which of the following recommendations on physical activity in the adult population is NOT correct ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la estrategia de promoci\u00f3n de la salud y prevenci\u00f3n en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes Recomendaciones sobre actividad f\u00edsica en poblaci\u00f3n adulta, NO es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c24675a0cd2a4a3e9e0f0ad76bc32b42", "input": "Among the recommendations of different international organizations on healthy eating are all the following, except one. Identify it", "output": [ "Entre las recomendaciones de distintos organismos internacionales sobre alimentaci\u00f3n saludable se encuentran todas las siguientes, excepto una. Identif\u00edquela" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d0acdf5fbb4742e18d0288babd1d7fca", "input": "The Strategy for the Promotion of Health and Prevention of the National Health System proposes to detect and intervene on frailty in people over 70 years of age. What test do you propose to use to perform fragility screening in Primary Care ?", "output": [ "La Estrategia de Promoci\u00f3n de la Salud y Prevenci\u00f3n del Sistema Nacional de Salud propone detectar e intervenir sobre la fragilidad en las personas mayores de 70 a\u00f1os. \u00bfQu\u00e9 test se propone utilizar para realizar el cribado de fragilidad en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7070b423ccc24379a53a490168334136", "input": "Is it necessary to administer diphtheria-tetanus booster vaccine in a healthy 25-year-old patient who has been properly vaccinated in childhood, has been cut with glass from a bottle and has a clean wound ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEs necesario administrar vacuna de recuerdo de difteria-t\u00e9tanos en un paciente sano de 25 a\u00f1os correctamente vacunado en la infancia, que se ha cortado con el cristal de una botella y presenta una herida limpia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-05b60488d4424157ba81bff2ab975a5e", "input": "Regarding the administration of vaccines, indicate the wrong answer", "output": [ "Respecto a la administraci\u00f3n de las vacunas se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8f63540b24f642158621b920bd3e4b76", "input": "In relation to the screening and intervention on alcohol risk consumption, point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el cribado e intervenci\u00f3n sobre el consumo de riesgo de alcohol, se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f1a0d2eb2123459f89fda357b4410bc8", "input": "In relation to the measures of prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con las medidas de prevenci\u00f3n de las Infecciones de Transmisi\u00f3n Sexual (ITS) se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e9372a493fc148f3a57d2a4bc990f2f0", "input": "Soledad, a 73-year-old woman who is visited at her daughter's house, with whom she usually lives. In a new assessment of the Activity / Exercise pattern, Soledad tells her that before she reached the Health Center, which is half a kilometer away, but since the last time her vision has worsened, the streets are under construction and she finds herself with worse physical condition. Her daughter reports that Soledad is afraid of falling and that she now walks worse and has difficulty climbing stairs and ramps, but that she still drives well inside the house. Indicate the diagnostic label to which the case corresponds", "output": [ "Soledad, mujer de 73 a\u00f1os a la que se visita en casa de su hija, con la que vive habitualmente. En una nueva valoraci\u00f3n del patr\u00f3n de Actividad/Ejercicio, Soledad le cuenta que antes llegaba hasta el Centro de Salud, que est\u00e1 a medio kil\u00f3metro, pero que desde la \u00faltima vez su visi\u00f3n ha empeorado, las calles est\u00e1n en obras y se encuentra con peor condici\u00f3n f\u00edsica. Su hija refiere que Soledad tiene miedo a caerse y que ahora camina peor y le cuesta subir escaleras y rampas, pero que a\u00fan se maneja bien dentro de casa. Se\u00f1ale la etiqueta diagn\u00f3stica a la que corresponde el caso" ] }, { "id": "task1432-749eb992e9a34d338545ddeef2e96ca2", "input": "Juana of 89 years, conscious and oriented, has been institutionalized in the hospital for three months. The reason for admission was a fracture of the left humerus, but after its intervention, it was complicated by a respiratory infection process that kept it intact and with minimal possibility of displacement. Social interaction and daily activity have been reduced considerably. Manifest boredom and motivation to increase activity and social contacts, however, the environment does not allow to engage in a daily activity similar to your habit at home. Indicate the diagnostic label according to the case", "output": [ "Juana de 89 a\u00f1os, consciente y orientada, lleva institucionalizada en el hospital desde hace tres meses. El motivo de ingreso fue una fractura de h\u00famero izquierdo, pero tras su intervenci\u00f3n se complic\u00f3 con un proceso de infecci\u00f3n respiratoria que la ha mantenido ingresada y con m\u00ednima posibilidad de desplazamiento. La interacci\u00f3n social y su actividad diaria se han reducido considerablemente. Manifiesta aburrimiento y motivaci\u00f3n para aumentar la actividad y los contactos sociales, sin embargo, el entorno no permite dedicarse a una actividad diaria parecida a su h\u00e1bito en el domicilio. Se\u00f1ale la etiqueta diagn\u00f3stica acorde con el caso" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1df990291d9340a5878aa64317095848", "input": "Walking down the street to make a home visit is a man of about 40 who suffers a heat stroke. Point out the correct option with regard to heat stroke", "output": [ "Caminando por la calle para realizar una visita domiciliaria se encuentra con un var\u00f3n de unos 40 a\u00f1os que sufre un golpe de calor. Se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n correcta con respecto al golpe de calor" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69a94e16b92449efa28a4e2e50357150", "input": "The positive Trousseau sign where the carpal spasm occurs is characteristic of an electrolyte disturbance and can be easily identified in the Primary Care consultation with the help of a cuff to take the tension. Indicate the type of alteration of the electrolyte balance in question", "output": [ "El signo de Trousseau positivo donde se produce el espasmo del carpo es caracter\u00edstico de una alteraci\u00f3n electrol\u00edtica y puede identificarse f\u00e1cilmente en la consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria con la ayuda de un manguito para tomar la tensi\u00f3n. Se\u00f1ale el tipo de alteraci\u00f3n del equilibrio electrol\u00edtico del que se trata" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aefe655839b04571bfad7eb583f1290f", "input": "He goes to the home of Milagros, a 61-year-old woman on dialysis for kidney failure who has manifested diarrhea and paresthesias in the extremities in the last few hours. During the assessment, you find a substantial decrease in the usual heart rate along with an irregular pulse. Indicate the type of electrolyte imbalance to suspect before said evaluation", "output": [ "Acude al domicilio de Milagros, una mujer de 61 a\u00f1os en tratamiento de di\u00e1lisis por insuficiencia renal que ha manifestado en las \u00faltimas horas diarrea y parestesias en las extremidades. Usted durante la valoraci\u00f3n halla una disminuci\u00f3n sustancial del ritmo cardiaco habitual junto con un pulso irregular. Se\u00f1ale el tipo de desequilibrio electrol\u00edtico a sospechar ante dicha valoraci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-466e982a2df645159fb889abc15c4485", "input": "A follow-up assessment of Ramona is performed for the diagnosis of excess fluid volume by means of the scale of four points of assessment of the edema. Point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Se realiza una valoraci\u00f3n de seguimiento de Ramona para el diagn\u00f3stico Exceso del volumen de l\u00edquidos mediante la escala de cuatro puntos de valoraci\u00f3n del edema. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e77e8aa0bad142f59d0fea5a035f8d21", "input": "The pathophysiological consequences of the climacteric are the following EXCEPT", "output": [ "Las consecuencias fisiopatol\u00f3gicas del climaterio son las siguientes EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5703e6a1336a4e65b14ec43acd2e5772", "input": "The following equation used to calculate basal metabolism or resting energy expenditure is the equation Men TMR = 66.5 + [13.7 x Weight (kg)] + [5.03 x Size (cm)] - [6.75 x age (years)]. Women TMR = 655.1 + [9.56 x Weight (kg)] + [1.85 x Size (cm)] - [4.68 x age (years)]. TMR Metabolic Rest Rate", "output": [ "La siguiente ecuaci\u00f3n utilizada para el c\u00e1lculo del metabolismo basal o gasto energ\u00e9tico de reposo es la ecuaci\u00f3n de Hombres TMR = 66,5 + [13.7 x Peso (kg)] + [5,03 x Talla (cm)] \u2013 [6.75 x edad (a\u00f1os)]. Mujeres TMR = 655,1 + [9.56 x Peso (kg)] + [1.85 x Talla (cm)] \u2013 [4.68 x edad (a\u00f1os)]. TMR Tasa Metab\u00f3lica de Reposo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-81c79345108740daaa2360a39b3840f9", "input": "Point out the correct answer. You are taking care of a family in your Primary Care consultation. About the instruments of attention to it, we know that", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta. Usted est\u00e1 atendiendo a una familia en su consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria. Sobre los instrumentos de atenci\u00f3n a la misma, sabemos que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-58cbd1cc764a4e58acb0d871db404a32", "input": "Before carrying out a community intervention on habits of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in the Spanish child and adolescent population, the latest reports on the indicated subject must be known, EXCEPT", "output": [ "Previo a realizar una intervenci\u00f3n comunitaria sobre h\u00e1bitos de actividad f\u00edsica y sedentarismo en la poblaci\u00f3n infantil y adolescente espa\u00f1ola, se han de conocer los \u00faltimos informes sobre el tema que se indica, EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d4252065a2874f5e9c3d266a6cfe62d4", "input": "You are in the Primary Care consultation. He is healing a patient of a wound. What type of waste has been generated ?", "output": [ "Usted est\u00e1 en la consulta de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria. Est\u00e1 realizando una cura de una herida a una paciente. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de residuo se ha generado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6e95f48857c34c629e661837acc53a7e", "input": "The metabolic reaction of amine dealkylation begins with the hydroxylation of the carbon atom attached to the nitrogen to cause an unstable metabolite. Of what nature is this metabolite ?", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n metab\u00f3lica de desalquilaci\u00f3n de aminas comienza con la hidroxilaci\u00f3n del \u00e1tomo de carbono unido al nitr\u00f3geno para originar un metabolito inestable. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 naturaleza es este metabolito?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5302f7cafb114bee9a12a6109e51a668", "input": "On what functional group present in a drug or its metabolites can there be a phase II metabolic reaction of conjugation with amino acids ?", "output": [ "\u00bfSobre qu\u00e9 grupo funcional presente en un f\u00e1rmaco o sus metabolitos puede haber una reacci\u00f3n metab\u00f3lica de fase II de conjugaci\u00f3n con amino\u00e1cidos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3bed961e7c4f4aa5bb3a76aecf757c1d", "input": "Rolitetracycline is a prodrug of tetracycline of Mannich base nature, how does the activation of this prodrug take place ?", "output": [ "La rolitetraciclina es un prof\u00e1rmaco de la tetraciclina de naturaleza de base de Mannich, \u00bfc\u00f3mo tiene lugar la activaci\u00f3n de este prof\u00e1rmaco?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ce1b90a46615462b893bd38c58535613", "input": "Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent that is characterized by", "output": [ "La anfotericina B es un antif\u00fangico que se caracteriza porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3892b7d74c01433485bfbf56d9fee0fb", "input": "Which of the following statements about pentostatin is FALSE ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre la pentostatina es FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0b24e6f9448d476e9549020e6f9bb4c3", "input": "Paclitaxel, better known as taxol, is", "output": [ "El paclitaxel, m\u00e1s conocido como taxol, es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0a3f72b2d650486fb301f3e92e21d661", "input": "Triptans are serotonergic agonists used in the treatment of migraine, characterized by having in its structure a heterocyclic system of the type", "output": [ "Los triptanos son agonistas seroton\u00e9rgicos empleados en el tratamiento de la migra\u00f1a, caracteriz\u00e1ndose por tener en su estructura un sistema heteroc\u00edclico del tipo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03f38c787b5d43dfbc25e810f94acccf", "input": "Which of the following substituents can be considered a bioisostere of a carboxylic acid ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes sustituyentes puede considerarse biois\u00f3stero de un \u00e1cido carbox\u00edlico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3350b5e3f3cd45c8a739845950123425", "input": "Which of the following drugs is a prodrug ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos es un prof\u00e1rmaco?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d105012c04e84698a195e9875cc91904", "input": "Which of the following modifications in the structure of morphine leads to an increase in analgesic activity ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes modificaciones en la estructura de la morfina conduce a un incremento de actividad analg\u00e9sica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fe354049063c4d2dab59f1c36adb7c2f", "input": "What general chemical structure does the selective beta 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist have ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 estructura qu\u00edmica general tiene los antagonistas selectivos de los receptores beta 1 adren\u00e9rgicos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3659fab77fc64fd1b7df329e3eecc32f", "input": "The epoxidation of allylic alcohols is one of the stages in the synthesis route of aryloxypropanolamines. What is the selective enantio epoxidation reaction of said alcohols called ?", "output": [ "La epoxidaci\u00f3n de alcoholes al\u00edlicos es una de las etapas en la ruta de s\u00edntesis de ariloxipropanolaminas. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama la reacci\u00f3n de epoxidaci\u00f3n enantio selectiva de dichos alcoholes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-340c207cd3524954856dc7373d4562b8", "input": "Which of the following functional groups is present in the structure of the antimalarial drug artemisinin and is essential for its activity ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes grupos funcionales est\u00e1 presente en la estructura del f\u00e1rmaco antimal\u00e1rico artemisinina y es esencial para su actividad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-290eff145e9f46ac9741fcc0dd889779", "input": "Anthracyclines are antitumor agents that have in their structure a fragment of betahydroxycarbonyl able to form complexes with Fe3 +. These complexes reinforce the antitumor action of these drugs because", "output": [ "Las antraciclinas son agentes antitumorales que poseen en su estructura un fragmento de betahidroxicarbonilo capaz de formar complejos con Fe3+. Estos complejos refuerzan la acci\u00f3n antitumoral de estos f\u00e1rmacos porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a793a8fc7454f61ab0a8f1a6532b688", "input": "What is the most appropriate technique to diagnose an infection with Legionella pneumophila ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la t\u00e9cnica m\u00e1s adecuada para diagnosticar una infecci\u00f3n por Legionella pneumophila?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d0865057cf442c69bd8e8d171d5b5f2", "input": "Which of the following statements is correct regarding Campylobacter jejuni ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta respecto a Campylobacter jejuni?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3fe2a4eab1b1432e8a06457035829ab0", "input": "The strain Escherichia coli serotype O157 H7, which causes haemolytic uraemic syndrome, is classified as", "output": [ "La cepa Escherichia coli serotipo O157H7, causante del s\u00edndrome hemol\u00edtico ur\u00e9mico, se clasifica como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1ab1491c3e384673acdbe36e436f7770", "input": "Given the isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus in a fungal culture from a sputum sample, what decision would it make ?", "output": [ "Ante el aislamiento de Aspergillus fumigatus en un cultivo de hongos de una muestra de esputo, \u00bfqu\u00e9 decisi\u00f3n tomar\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f1f6510cf96c40b7846b958e291b29e6", "input": "Indicate which of the fungi listed below is resistant to amphotericin B", "output": [ "Indica cu\u00e1l de los hongos enumerados a continuaci\u00f3n es resistente a anfotericina B" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0ec0e73478cb4b2484f49657948d2326", "input": "Point out the correct answer regarding vancomycin", "output": [ "Se\u00f1alar la respuesta correcta con respecto a la vancomicina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f8df496362f54c01919c5edcbc6e7f77", "input": "Prophylactic measures for the prevention of neonatal infection with Streptococcus agalactiae include", "output": [ "Entre las medidas profil\u00e1cticas para la prevenci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n neonatal por Streptococcus agalactiae se encuentra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b13f1887c3bb4b509544473d6e9790e1", "input": "What is the mechanism of action of the antibiotics of the quinolone group ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mecanismo de acci\u00f3n de los antibi\u00f3ticos del grupo de las quinolonas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-29e34af7632e47e8b952409845063d69", "input": "The antibiotic treatment of choice for meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae serogroup b is", "output": [ "El tratamiento antibi\u00f3tico de elecci\u00f3n para la meningitis causada por Haemophilus influenzae serogrupo b es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1204c53e1c784563acfd12ef43198c5c", "input": "The TCBS agar (Tiosulfato Citrate Bilis Sucrose), is selective and differential for", "output": [ "El agar TCBS (Tiosulfato Citrato Bilis Sacarosa), es selectivo y diferencial para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e02d82ee2264968990901b9943d8eba", "input": "The main mechanism of resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems in enterobacteria is due to", "output": [ "El principal mecanismo de resistencia a penicilinas, cefalosporinas y carbapenemas en enterobacterias se debe a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1f95e9862ef466aa7f1d9f292a59f2d", "input": "Which of the following microorganisms is a strict anaerobic Gram positive bacillus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes microorganismos es un bacilo Gram positivo anaerobio estricto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0093a4d201f5435aaa23e8db05846304", "input": "Which of the following bacteria is transmitted in Europe through the bite of Ixodes ricinus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes bacterias se transmite en Europa mediante la picadura de Ixodes ricinus?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2aa8da3907cf49b78f8c0aca9e0709ef", "input": "In the treatment of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, what is the correct statement ?", "output": [ "En el tratamiento de las infecciones causadas por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5951f0d807b84d27bdb753580253b218", "input": "What clinical entity is caused, mainly, by Clostridium difficile ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 entidad cl\u00ednica est\u00e1 causada, principalmente, por Clostridium difficile?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c57f75d8afb543ab888c9ceed4f06f12", "input": "In the stools of a 6-year-old boy with diarrhea and abdominal pain, a packet of parasite eggs surrounded by a transparent membrane is observed. Which treatment do you consider most appropriate ?", "output": [ "En las heces de un ni\u00f1o de 6 a\u00f1os con diarrea y dolor abdominal se observan paquetes de huevos de un par\u00e1sito rodeados por una membrana transparente. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento considera m\u00e1s adecuado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b8f097906f0f45dfbab17003a2e440bf", "input": "What is the correct triad in relation to the sample to be collected, the diagnostic procedure to be performed and the causative organism of the infection ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es triada correcta en relaci\u00f3n a la muestra que se debe recoger, el procedimiento diagn\u00f3stico que se debe realizar y el microorganismo causal de la infecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6cf45179e4b84efdb73a037d317e6fc3", "input": "A 21-year-old man went to the emergency room after presenting several episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in the last week. In the cranial CT scan, a unilocular cystic lesion was observed with a small nodule attached to the wall corresponding to the encysting larva of a parasite. Which of the following pathogens can be responsible ?", "output": [ "Un var\u00f3n de 21 a\u00f1os acude a urgencias tras presentar varios episodios de crisis convulsivas generalizadas tonicocl\u00f3nicas en la \u00faltima semana. En el TAC craneal se objetiva una lesi\u00f3n qu\u00edstica unilocular con un peque\u00f1o n\u00f3dulo adherido a la pared que corresponde a la larva enquistada de un par\u00e1sito. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes pat\u00f3genos puede ser el responsable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b7cc9835002b456ab6dd227d3270231d", "input": "Which statement is true in relation to trichinosis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es cierta en relaci\u00f3n a la triquinosis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c69ef16a6354757aa372e1ca530d874", "input": "Which animal acts as an intermediate host in the life cycle of Fasciolopsis buski ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 animal act\u00faa como hu\u00e9sped intermedio en el ciclo vital de Fasciolopsis buski?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46b0ab21471f40eda9d6dacc51950303", "input": "A slow freezing speed during the lyophilization process produces", "output": [ "Una velocidad de congelaci\u00f3n lenta durante el proceso de liofilizaci\u00f3n produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c6a4560bac440e68d6b0f5a24a7cfa7", "input": "What is the technological resource known as controlled flocculation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 consiste el recurso tecnol\u00f3gico conocido como floculaci\u00f3n controlada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-344ced21ab314ccdb9d472a4dc382b04", "input": "Among the main characteristics of a flocculated system is the following", "output": [ "Dentro de las caracter\u00edsticas principales de un sistema floculado se encuentra la siguiente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d71ca26c36254c2292bf8de93c61d918", "input": "The mathematical approach of Heckel in the interpretation of data in a pharmaceutical development, provides us with information about", "output": [ "El planteamiento matem\u00e1tico de Heckel en la interpretaci\u00f3n de datos en un desarrollo farmac\u00e9utico, nos proporciona informaci\u00f3n sobre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-18b4ba58ae1245418f50d57d0ae4b490", "input": "The formation of agglomerates of solid particles of difficult redispersion in the suspensions is known by the following name", "output": [ "La formaci\u00f3n de aglomerados de part\u00edculas s\u00f3lidas de dif\u00edcil redispersi\u00f3n en las suspensiones se conoce con el siguiente nombre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4a868574bafe4608ab1559474bcad8a2", "input": "Which of the following methods would you choose to directly determine the specific surface of a pulverulent solid material ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes m\u00e9todos escoger\u00eda para determinar de manera directa la superficie espec\u00edfica de un material s\u00f3lido pulverulento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fe8d0107ab164a8cb574980b8d2bbe2e", "input": "The relationship between the weight of water vapor and the weight of dry air contained in a moist air mass is known by the following name", "output": [ "La relaci\u00f3n entre el peso del vapor de agua y el peso del aire seco contenidos en una masa de aire h\u00famedo se conoce con el siguiente nombre" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e73523a8b9ed44c0b99e3071211d5a6e", "input": "How does the reduction of particle size by spraying affect the properties of an active ingredient for its formulation, taking into account the general equation of Noyes and Whitney ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo afecta la reducci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula mediante pulverizaci\u00f3n a las propiedades de un principio activo para su formulaci\u00f3n, teniendo en cuenta la ecuaci\u00f3n general de Noyes y Whitney?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7fb5178480bb452d9caff04abccab7fb", "input": "Which of the following statements correctly defines the lyophilization process ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones define de manera correcta el proceso de liofilizaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-451fdafe595d4b528de83be235d524b8", "input": "What is the physiological effect of parathyroid hormone or PTH ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el efecto fisiol\u00f3gico de la hormona paratiroidea o PTH?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-21328d26593a4bd9a395ca4fb6c9bd4d", "input": "The physiological function of the delay in conduction of the cardiac impulse through the atrio-ventricular node is to allow sufficient time for", "output": [ "La funci\u00f3n fisiol\u00f3gica del retraso en la conducci\u00f3n del impulso card\u00edaco a trav\u00e9s del nodo aur\u00edculo-ventricular es permitir el tiempo suficiente para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-87628d9bc1cc480fa30fdcf0fd2e255b", "input": "Which of the following factors favors ultrafiltration at the level of the glomerulus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores favorece la ultrafiltraci\u00f3n a nivel del glom\u00e9rulo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-105b771314434b6182e542cd6603b0c9", "input": "Indicate which factor stimulates the inhibition or delay of gastric emptying", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 factor estimula la inhibici\u00f3n o retraso del vaciamiento g\u00e1strico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e9eb77bba8342dd85753bfec1cc27b1", "input": "What part of the electrocardiogram corresponds to ventricular depolarization ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 parte del electrocardiograma corresponde a la despolarizaci\u00f3n ventricular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c58cb1bf619b4af5a60f13cb17e0f47f", "input": "Where is mineralocorticoid release ?", "output": [ "\u00bfD\u00f3nde se produce la liberaci\u00f3n de los mineralcorticoides?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-85852c81bac34f59bf93d771bf70e97f", "input": "Which hormone favors the mobilization of aquaporins 2 to the luminal membrane in the renal tubule ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 hormona favorece la movilizaci\u00f3n de las acuoporinas 2 a la membrana luminal en el t\u00fabulo renal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6138ea1b8dcd46f691aa5ffb53df3eb9", "input": "Which vitamin requires the intrinsic factor for intestinal absorption ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 vitamina requiere el factor intr\u00ednseco para su absorci\u00f3n intestinal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a7a01bc1c73048d3bbfc28194d2aa274", "input": "What is the signal that stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la se\u00f1al que estimula la secreci\u00f3n de hormona paratiroidea?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2ba56e651ed47aeaa77d75d97a75f67", "input": "The first sound or heart tone is due to", "output": [ "El primer ruido o tono cardiaco se debe" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b314dc5aa2a7435e8eea5daf70be5f37", "input": "During periods of REM sleep or paradoxical sleep", "output": [ "Durante los periodos de sue\u00f1o REM o sue\u00f1o parad\u00f3jico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-412e67385a1a4d83acfc447ab03d7d3a", "input": "The repolarization phase of the action potential in the nerve is determined by", "output": [ "La fase de repolarizaci\u00f3n del potencial de acci\u00f3n en el nervio viene determinada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ad77f8a4907b400598a2d9d9cd926e7b", "input": "The olfactory glomerulus is the synapse established between the olfactory cells and", "output": [ "El glom\u00e9rulo olfatorio es la sinapsis establecida entre las c\u00e9lulas olfatorias y" ] }, { "id": "task1432-91f9af9727164e44aecddd11b48563c7", "input": "What neurotransmitter is responsible for chronic pain ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 neurotrasmisor es el responsable del dolor cr\u00f3nico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-636dc2f514e34a0abc041b82fe7b6fed", "input": "The central regulation of breathing is carried out in", "output": [ "La regulaci\u00f3n central de la respiraci\u00f3n se lleva a cabo en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-60145f4d47274faa8b373427f270f7b2", "input": "A young patient develops, a few days after the restart of a drug that he had already taken on another occasion, a progressive picture of general deterioration, necrotic oral ulcers and high fever without focus or response to antipyretics. His suspicion would focus first on the possibility of", "output": [ "Un paciente joven desarrolla, pocos d\u00edas tras el reinicio de un f\u00e1rmaco que ya hab\u00eda tomado en otra ocasi\u00f3n, un cuadro progresivo de deterioro general, \u00falceras orales necr\u00f3ticas y fiebre elevada sin foco ni respuesta a antit\u00e9rmicos. Su sospecha se centrar\u00eda en primer lugar en la posibilidad de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ac0853aba9a48738312a37e9581921e", "input": "The presence of moderate thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia and decrease in haptoglobin is suggestive of", "output": [ "La presencia de trombopenia moderada, coagulopat\u00eda con hipofibrinogenemia y descenso de haptoglobina resulta sugestivo de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d25c12bd266e4eaaafcfaee9206ca37a", "input": "In the mechanism of blood clot formation does NOT intervene", "output": [ "En el mecanismo de la formaci\u00f3n del co\u00e1gulo sangu\u00edneo NO interviene" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2f949682cbc241ebbcafcf1168a28e4a", "input": "With regard to sickle cell anemia or sickle cell disease", "output": [ "Con respecto a la anemia falciforme o drepanocitosis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-089863ccbef04541819ec3778ecc2e2e", "input": "Indicate which laboratory finding does NOT belong to a picture of hemolytic anemia", "output": [ "Indique qu\u00e9 hallazgo de laboratorio NO pertenece a un cuadro de anemia hemol\u00edtica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a8702f0d138f476c983b072ca29bff12", "input": "Which of the following sensory systems is affected in Kallmann Syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes sistemas sensoriales est\u00e1 afectado en el S\u00edndrome de Kallmann?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e855e06bface485bb2d4c3397b385eb6", "input": "Atelectasis is a restrictive pathology of ventilation characterized by", "output": [ "La atelectasia es una patolog\u00eda restrictiva de la ventilaci\u00f3n caracterizada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aea8516ba2ab414a8f176c945e4d62a4", "input": "Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that develops in", "output": [ "El feocromocitoma es un tumor que se desarrolla en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d7cac76d43f4a33b92d193253889840", "input": "Indicate the main etiological factor associated with acute pancreatitis", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l es el principal factor etiol\u00f3gico asociado a una pancreatitis aguda" ] }, { "id": "task1432-60d69e09ab65490bb77af29ef2e476d3", "input": "In pulmonary emphysema occurs", "output": [ "En el enfisema pulmonar se produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-deaa335ee45a419a8a7d1d95329ab681", "input": "Increased secretion of growth hormone after puberty, produces", "output": [ "El incremento de secreci\u00f3n de hormona del crecimiento despu\u00e9s de la pubertad, produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da5f5981c996472687b740053d2d5992", "input": "Which of the following causes of malabsorption occurs with alteration of the intestinal mucosa ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes causas de malabsorci\u00f3n cursa con alteraci\u00f3n de la mucosa intestinal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8b8e8a4b13924125a5ce6a8a8468a47d", "input": "In Cushing's syndrome occurs", "output": [ "En el s\u00edndrome de Cushing se produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4dcd7780b9a9475a923dbb8aaa13177a", "input": "Thalassemias are diseases characterized by", "output": [ "Las talasemias son enfermedades caracterizadas por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-69fcd0f1d81d4fc39adb64253f765d62", "input": "Which of the following enzymes can be considered a good marker of drug-induced hemolytic anemia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas puede considerarse como un buen marcador de anemia hemol\u00edtica inducida por f\u00e1rmacos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-664082092fbb45a6a79056f0336f5dc4", "input": "In galactosemia, the formation of cataracts is due to", "output": [ "En la galactosemia, la formaci\u00f3n de cataratas se debe a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5395295175f4370acfa2b96857d5284", "input": "What metabolic disease is caused by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 enfermedad metab\u00f3lica es ocasionada por una deficiencia en fenilalanina hidroxilasa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e42999997fd427389bce727aef20f5d", "input": "Which of the following disorders is associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes trastornos cursa con una hiperbilirrubinemia no conjugada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-14494017ab0d4e09ac51c2a42d06b44d", "input": "Point out the correct answer regarding alteplase", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta respecto a la alteplasa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8ad59b893a9468dbe1e6403266b363c", "input": "Second generation serotonergic triptan agonists", "output": [ "Los agonistas serotonin\u00e9rgicos triptanos de segunda generaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5bde6e57435641baad4c4a862eca960a", "input": "What is the molecular target of tocilizumab ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diana molecular de tocilizumab?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2f5098cfc434a8b89d16471f196e8fe", "input": "Which of the following is a direct inhibitor of the coagulation factor Xa ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un inhibidor directo del factor de coagulaci\u00f3n Xa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f4e3e396d8c845f2a24e54a7fdfa93f4", "input": "In the case of an allergic to penicillins, which drug would be of choice for a dental infection ?", "output": [ "En el caso de un al\u00e9rgico a las penicilinas, \u00bfqu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco ser\u00eda de elecci\u00f3n para una infecci\u00f3n odontol\u00f3gica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8aefd61b3ba4d6bb267a3df8d2f2bf2", "input": "Ivacaftor is an enhancer of the CFTR protein that is used in the pharmacological therapy of", "output": [ "Ivacaftor es un potenciador de la prote\u00edna CFTR que se utiliza en la terapia farmacol\u00f3gica de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-50d1c5fd6e774a99b4d44b40ea242dd0", "input": "In relation to citalopram it is true that", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con citalopram es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f420ad9c5d64e839388c470f7419fc4", "input": "Modafinil is a drug that is used in", "output": [ "El modafinilo es un f\u00e1rmaco que se utiliza en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7da59cc1cb1d44dc9467065eb9955acf", "input": "On metformin, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "Sobre la metformina, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bc9b710c0e5b43f6a6a79961229fee69", "input": "Sulfonylureas are drugs", "output": [ "Las sulfonilureas son f\u00e1rmacos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3a733b5fddc4dbc94609a2712990e68", "input": "Of the following groups of drugs, which would be of choice in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy ?", "output": [ "De los siguientes grupos de f\u00e1rmacos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l ser\u00eda de elecci\u00f3n en el tratamiento de la nefropat\u00eda diab\u00e9tica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-29c90d86c65844d58c18f93737b172bb", "input": "Which of the following drugs is indicated in the treatment of neuropathic pain ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos est\u00e1 indicado en el tratamiento del dolor neurop\u00e1tico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9d02c8a7f9634eafa14600de8255ceec", "input": "Travoprost is a drug used in the treatment of", "output": [ "El travoprost es un f\u00e1rmaco utilizado en el tratamiento de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dd703f27ac8447499ef57140287d647d", "input": "Methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine are drugs used in the treatment of", "output": [ "Metotrexato e hidroxicloroquina son f\u00e1rmacos utilizados en el tratamiento de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-56223614f6be47089156512dbf0964c8", "input": "Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs can produce thyroid alterations as an adverse effect ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos antiarr\u00edtmicos puede producir alteraciones tiroideas como efecto adverso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8391a8b69658426697cf71e37dbd1170", "input": "Which of the following oral anticoagulants is a direct thrombin inhibitor ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes anticoagulantes orales es inhibidor directo de la trombina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9dc6b16e53564bf28d1f4734a8b89bbf", "input": "Valsartan is a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. To what pharmacological group does it belong ?", "output": [ "El valsart\u00e1n es un f\u00e1rmaco utilizado en el tratamiento de la hipertensi\u00f3n arterial. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 grupo farmacol\u00f3gico pertenece?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2f71ea4b8e494b77bb1dbd5be914ef83", "input": "Of the following drugs, which one is of choice for the treatment of a hypertensive patient with high levels of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol ?", "output": [ "De los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es de elecci\u00f3n para el tratamiento de un paciente hipertenso con niveles elevados de triglic\u00e9ridos y colesterol LDL?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d4c94f0ff334779bf952820a3b4bcce", "input": "Point out the FALSE response to digoxin", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA respecto a la digoxina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0bc9a18cb6a84a87b4a626df7b36b7c3", "input": "What drug is indicated in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 f\u00e1rmaco est\u00e1 indicado en el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide cr\u00f3nica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6870d52d462444069118aee277778253", "input": "What is sunitinib indicated for ?", "output": [ "\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 est\u00e1 indicado sunitinib?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-df0422ddfe204d97af62142312e39e46", "input": "Which of the following \u03b22 agonists used in the treatment of asthma has an average duration of action (4-8 h) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes agonistas \u03b22 utilizados en el tratamiento del asma tiene una duraci\u00f3n de acci\u00f3n media (4-8 h)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af6627312e9348ac939d9513998716a8", "input": "Which of the following drugs is indicated in the treatment of asthma by inhalation due to its anti-inflammatory properties ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos est\u00e1 indicado en el tratamiento del asma por inhalaci\u00f3n por sus propiedades antiinflamatorias?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a492feda29646f9913203915a47b3c6", "input": "Which of the following drugs is used in anesthesia, in systems of infusion controlled by the patient, and through patches applied on the skin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos se utiliza en anestesia, en sistemas de infusi\u00f3n controlada por el paciente, y a trav\u00e9s de parches aplicados sobre la piel?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4539b2c6459d4935998b94c9e827e94a", "input": "Regarding local anesthetics, it is true that", "output": [ "Respecto a los anest\u00e9sicos locales es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c475310fa58f4e248b9fabee9a66bd3f", "input": "Rotigotine is indicated for the treatment of", "output": [ "La rotigotina est\u00e1 indicada para el tratamiento de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c8f1240cfd07464b903e4428cfb9b7ef", "input": "Which of the following is an adverse effect of fingolimod ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es un efecto adverso de fingolimod?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-96e8fce911b74bdd888e13a3830bf880", "input": "Orally administered proton pump inhibitor drugs", "output": [ "Los f\u00e1rmacos inhibidores de la bomba de protones administrados por v\u00eda oral" ] }, { "id": "task1432-544df8649a8e427ab2ccef22dbc074ea", "input": "What side effects can non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 efectos adversos pueden producir los f\u00e1rmacos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b1b88a1e7644ebb8aae3f314defc32c", "input": "When do we consider that two medications are bioequivalent ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo consideramos que dos medicamentos son bioequivalentes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4d32beb0a4074629989c38fa83318d4f", "input": "The essential oils are", "output": [ "Los aceites esenciales son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4d167a6295664a078d53360d599f8f21", "input": "The Vitali-Morin reaction is specific to", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n de Vitali-Morin es especifica de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e8fd695cd954527bee54fb193806824", "input": "The active ingredients of Panax ginseng are", "output": [ "Los principios activos de Panax ginseng son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-619941998626458d985d1f01f2edc75c", "input": "Which of the following statements about ergometrine is correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre la ergometrina es la correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-303cb0c8dda14a7ea4ed9407f4efeaf4", "input": "In the bicompatimental pharmacokinetic model, after intravenous administration in bolus, different volumes of distribution can be calculated central compartment volume (V1), total volume in steady state (Vdss), extrapolated volume (Vdextr) and area volume (Vdarea). The calculation of Vdss is made from", "output": [ "En el modelo farmacocin\u00e9tico bicompatimental, tras administraci\u00f3n por v\u00eda intravenosa en bolo se pueden calcular distintos vol\u00famenes de distribuci\u00f3n volumen compartimento central (V1), volumen total en estado estacionario (Vdss), volumen extrapolado (Vdextr) y volumen de \u00e1rea (Vdarea). El c\u00e1lculo de Vdss se realiza a partir de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-91455f6c62e4454b9e26991d1320e395", "input": "The glomerular filtration rate of a drug depends on", "output": [ "La velocidad de filtraci\u00f3n glomerular de un f\u00e1rmaco depende de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f2933d65f8bc4c5e909bc96d5ffd6243", "input": "In the oral absorption of drugs at the colon level, which of the following statements about the colon as a place of absorption is correct ?", "output": [ "En la absorci\u00f3n oral de f\u00e1rmacos a nivel de colon, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre el colon como lugar de absorci\u00f3n es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ef1cae3dce654b478f18e25f557009c1", "input": "When a drug is administered in a multiple dose regimen, the index or accumulation factor (R) depends on", "output": [ "Cuando se administra un f\u00e1rmaco en un r\u00e9gimen posol\u00f3gico de dosis m\u00faltiples, el \u00edndice o factor de acumulaci\u00f3n (R) depende de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-47ad3132bc4f47149df167480a9aa5bc", "input": "Among the mechanisms of absorption of drugs, which is carried out with carrier and in favor of concentration gradient ?", "output": [ "Entre los mecanismos de absorci\u00f3n de los f\u00e1rmacos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el que se realiza con portador y a favor de gradiente de concentraci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f44e0bbb682b481cae4d950b31ca22ed", "input": "With regard to the effect of gastric emptying on the oral absorption of drugs, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "Con relaci\u00f3n al efecto del vaciamiento g\u00e1strico en la absorci\u00f3n oral de f\u00e1rmacos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c5524ecee0148a2a1b77a639926b0f1", "input": "A solution of an IV infusion antibiotic is administered at a concentration of 2 mg / mL. How many milliliters per hour should be administered to an adult patient of 60 kg so that the infusion rate is 1 mg / kg per hour ?", "output": [ "Se administra una disoluci\u00f3n de un antibi\u00f3tico en infusi\u00f3n IV a una concentraci\u00f3n de 2 mg/mL. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos mililitros por hora se deber\u00e1n administrar a un paciente adulto de 60 kg para que la velocidad de infusi\u00f3n sea de 1 mg/kg por hora?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-887741b1fbf04dbfbf69be6e13aff4e5", "input": "Regarding the administration of drugs subcutaneously, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "Con relaci\u00f3n a la administraci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos por v\u00eda subcut\u00e1nea, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-60160c4d06584fb5b6123cef181e2801", "input": "In the development of a new oral formulation of the same active ingredient, a lower bioavailability in magnitude (F) of the drug is manifested. What pharmacokinetic parameters are affected ?", "output": [ "En el desarrollo de una nueva formulaci\u00f3n oral de un mismo principio activo se manifiesta una menor biodisponibilidad en magnitud (F) del f\u00e1rmaco. \u00bfQu\u00e9 par\u00e1metros farmacocin\u00e9ticos se ven afectados?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b72560ff90964485ae7fbbd2bc0e53f3", "input": "Changes in the free fraction of a drug due to alterations in the binding to plasma proteins may cause changes in the clearance of the liver. In this regard, indicate the correct statement", "output": [ "Los cambios en la fracci\u00f3n libre de un f\u00e1rmaco por alteraciones en la uni\u00f3n a prote\u00ednas plasm\u00e1ticas pueden provocar modificaciones en el aclaramiento hep\u00e1tico. A este respecto, indicar la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9546664aba354528879be5d869dc9bc4", "input": "In the administration of drugs through the pulmonary route, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "En la administraci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos por v\u00eda pulmonar, \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ab228e043a6346f59d50d43212705ca1", "input": "In the administration of drugs by nasal route and its possible absorption, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "En la administraci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos por v\u00eda nasal y su posible absorci\u00f3n, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7af53a6b88be4658bc848f8ef7bc8e30", "input": "Which of the following causes could lead to NON-LINEAR kinetic behavior at the level of distribution of a drug ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes causas podr\u00eda dar lugar a un comportamiento cin\u00e9tico NO LINEAL a nivel de distribuci\u00f3n de un f\u00e1rmaco?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d75b849df9de4fad95d6c6c72df52729", "input": "During replication, how do you start the mechanism catalyzed by DNA polymerases ?", "output": [ "Durante la replicaci\u00f3n, \u00bfC\u00f3mo se inicia el mecanismo catalizado por las DNA polimerasas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ba01386c626f4d33a9840e0b4add74e9", "input": "What is the most abundant amino acid in collagen ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el amino\u00e1cido m\u00e1s abundante en el col\u00e1geno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f1fe03b899984a14bf3bfe31774c1abc", "input": "Which of the following effectors causes the Bohr effect by acting on the binding and release of O2 by hemoglobin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les de los siguientes efectores provoca el efecto Bohr al actuar sobre la uni\u00f3n y liberaci\u00f3n del O2 por la hemoglobina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8a44e37073e84e9db5d31e3f4c645e98", "input": "With what name is the parameter of enzymatic kinetics that gives the number of substrate molecules converted into product per unit of time and in charge of a single molecule of enzyme ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 nombre se conoce el par\u00e1metro de cin\u00e9tica enzim\u00e1tica que da el n\u00famero de mol\u00e9culas de sustrato convertidas en producto por unidad de tiempo y a cargo de una sola mol\u00e9cula de enzima?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-914f4c654c2e415eb949d8c28f48eadd", "input": "The telomeres", "output": [ "Los tel\u00f3meros" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b8b553176274c4995e210a684d56fc5", "input": "What kind of protein domains interact with membrane lipids to promote firm binding of integral membrane proteins ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de dominios proteicos interaccionan con los l\u00edpidos de membrana para promover la uni\u00f3n firme de las prote\u00ednas integrales de membrana?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9d907aa1c1b242e7827e1dca604f1411", "input": "What characteristic is characteristic of the precursors of eukaryotic messenger RNA ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 caracter\u00edstica es propia de los precursores de los RNA mensajeros eucari\u00f3ticos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5ec2b19359d45319f71d6b00da34c5e", "input": "How is the enzyme adenylyl cyclase activated ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se activa la enzima adenilil ciclasa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b8cc13474534dd5aa6ada78e1b14707", "input": "In which of the following pathways or phases of metabolic pathways does the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase participate ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes v\u00edas o fases de v\u00edas metab\u00f3licas participa la enzima glucosa 6fosfato deshidrogenasa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ac61d3dd98574401afe282f545064f29", "input": "What proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 prote\u00ednas se sintetizan en los ribosomas unidos al ret\u00edculo endopl\u00e1smico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e60bfd6350143eba1cee98fc59fba7a", "input": "What function does the enzyme glycogenin exert on the metabolism of the guc\u00f3geno ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 funci\u00f3n ejerce la enzima glucogenina en el metabolismo del guc\u00f3geno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ee9dbf5fc234ab4b79ab922464553fd", "input": "What action does the protein carnitine acyltransferase I perform ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 acci\u00f3n realiza la prote\u00edna carnitina aciltransferasa I?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1667a500d025456d9224e26fce9883d7", "input": "In relation to the cell cycle in humans, what role does the retinoblastoma protein play ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con el ciclo celular en humanos, \u00bfqu\u00e9 funci\u00f3n desempe\u00f1a la prote\u00edna del retinoblastoma?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5e9db39a4df408ea3797fc08a3621ed", "input": "Which of the following enzymes of the urea cycle has a mitochondrial location ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas del ciclo de la urea presenta una localizaci\u00f3n mitocondrial?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0eb296f10fd462d8e60866730d4e78d", "input": "Which of the following amino acids is considered ketogenic ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes amino\u00e1cidos se considera cetog\u00e9nico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5bdf004cbbf4321b217d7eb6998673c", "input": "Which of the following enzymes related to the lipogenic pathway is activated by citrate (allosteric activator) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas relacionadas con la v\u00eda lipog\u00e9nica es activada por citrato (activador alost\u00e9rico)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f227fca720184591a1f1ad0901c3df48", "input": "What effect does glucagon promote when interacting with its receptors in liver cells ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 efecto promueve el glucag\u00f3n al interaccionar con sus receptores en las c\u00e9lulas hep\u00e1ticas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e34c30f3d87f4d83bb7b3837aeea96a1", "input": "Which of the following enzymes is the most regulated and key in cholesterol biosynthesis ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes enzimas es la m\u00e1s regulada y clave en la bios\u00edntesis de colesterol?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6feb9730a6834d8581f83be84b1ab162", "input": "What is transfer RNA (tRNA) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el RNA de transferencia (tRNA)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6ddbe285595b49bf845f50352cf1b574", "input": "What are the Okazaki fragments ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los fragmentos de Okazaki?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5dbd9f64d03c46bf824459d62c5d3bb5", "input": "The polymerase chain reaction is a technique used to", "output": [ "La reacci\u00f3n en cadena de polimerasa es una t\u00e9cnica que se utiliza para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0edd7274433645ed93b7d22c03680371", "input": "When a DNA molecule replicates bidirectionally, it means that", "output": [ "Cuando una mol\u00e9cula de DNA se replica de modo bidireccional, significa que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7216a775525426581ee87ca475f51cd", "input": "In relation to the introns, what statement is true ?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con los intrones, \u00bfqu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f207ebb9e3eb4342b4f624cab9437734", "input": "Which of the following processes is NOT a point mutation in the DNA sequence ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes procesos NO es una mutaci\u00f3n puntual en la secuencia de DNA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ffe730b5dcb549e3908088af525a6c39", "input": "Which codon is considered the codon for the start of translation in eukaryotes ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 cod\u00f3n est\u00e1 considerado como el cod\u00f3n de inicio de la traducci\u00f3n en eucariotas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ffd371863ad4f629bee29b83a702a27", "input": "What type of enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds prior to the start of replication ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de enzima rompe los puentes de hidr\u00f3geno previo al inicio de la replicaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52f166726ceb4f6a928c7c47b8266d38", "input": "A common clinical sign of Wilson's disease is", "output": [ "Un signo cl\u00ednico frecuente de la enfermedad de Wilson es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-039e20d1ede64dbb8eed479885c4ef37", "input": "For the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis it is important to determine", "output": [ "Para el diagn\u00f3stico de la pancreatitis aguda es importante la determinaci\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd44f1df0be646ed953c333a2c201a68", "input": "Point out the INCORRECT association", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la asociaci\u00f3n INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da99f7ba99c04ac7b594b30fb7023b02", "input": "Indicate which of these hormones is NOT released by the pituitary gland", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de estas hormonas NO es liberada por la hip\u00f3fisis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9450bd9aeaa04148b0520a694d0f2ce5", "input": "One of the metabolic functions of adrenaline in organisms is", "output": [ "Una de las funciones metab\u00f3licas de la adrenalina en el organismos es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-95da94f007db411aacf683fd03aeb087", "input": "Regarding the adrenocortical function, point out the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Respecto a la funci\u00f3n adrenocortical, se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-67901cd2a73d4b8e96482695a2658deb", "input": "Which of these proteins is NOT considered acute ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas prote\u00ednas NO se considera de frase aguda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-08dc5cb8c30648acbe913e0679118850", "input": "The normal reduction potential of the redox couple Fe3 + / Fe2 + can be inferred experimentally from the titration curve and corresponds to the measured potential", "output": [ "El potencial normal de reducci\u00f3n de la pareja redox Fe3+/Fe2+ puede deducirse experimentalmente de la curva de titulaci\u00f3n y corresponde al potencial medido" ] }, { "id": "task1432-774f0394b77b464db3007082bd9698de", "input": "Which of the following indicators would you use in an argentometric titration of bromide ion using the Mohr method ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes indicadores emplear\u00eda en una valoraci\u00f3n argentom\u00e9trica de ion bromuro utilizando el m\u00e9todo de Mohr?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-793d97384d814c76bc77c07c7894766b", "input": "The accuracy of an analytical method is evaluated from", "output": [ "La precisi\u00f3n de un m\u00e9todo anal\u00edtico se eval\u00faa a partir de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-86449307609344c6bd3c1bfa5a228336", "input": "The detection of the end point of a chloride assessment by the Volhard method occurs", "output": [ "La detecci\u00f3n del punto final de una valoraci\u00f3n de cloruros por el m\u00e9todo de Volhard se produce" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b369e9d88074b6cb00fc1bc08c5261d", "input": "Which of the following indicators would you use in a complexometric titration of Mg2 + with EDTA at pH 10 ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes indicadores emplear\u00eda en una valoraci\u00f3n complexom\u00e9trica de Mg2+ con EDTA a pH 10?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1e9b35ac2f4e470880cca5cefe52db6e", "input": "A solution of the weak acid HA of pKa = 5.0 and buffered to a pH value of 7.0 has", "output": [ "Una disoluci\u00f3n del \u00e1cido d\u00e9bil HA de pKa = 5,0 y tamponada a un valor de pH de 7,0 tiene" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7744addd26c74ceb943b04687932817a", "input": "Which of the following methods would you use in the determination of organic nitrogen ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los m\u00e9todos siguientes emplear\u00eda en la determinaci\u00f3n de nitr\u00f3geno org\u00e1nico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7700cfa9e24a4c0996d1818895ac7450", "input": "In a potentiometric determination using ion-selective electrodes, the membrane potential developed in the selective electrode is", "output": [ "En una determinaci\u00f3n potenciom\u00e9trica mediante electrodos selectivos a iones, el potencial de membrana desarrollado en el electrodo selectivo es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6ede88956c414c31acf2ddeb5c10f3cc", "input": "In which of the following electronic transitions is there radiant energy loss ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes transiciones electr\u00f3nicas hay p\u00e9rdida de energ\u00eda por v\u00eda radiante?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ff490b7bd07b4052a64d3e2379cabf63", "input": "According to Boltzmann's distribution law, in a atomizer used in atomic absorption spectrometry the population of atoms in ground state", "output": [ "De acuerdo con la ley de distribuci\u00f3n de Boltzmann, en el seno de un atomizador utilizado en espectrometr\u00eda de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica la poblaci\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos en estado fundamental" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b54419d309b4c8c9c7ebc5190eeeade", "input": "Which of the following gases is used as a mobile phase in gas chromatography ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes gases se emplea como fase m\u00f3vil en cromatograf\u00eda de gases?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5690f009e6849af8eebefb2e4bd0a59", "input": "What ionization system, used in mass spectrometry, requires a matrix that absorbs electromagnetic radiation ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 sistema de ionizaci\u00f3n, utilizado en espectrometr\u00eda de masas, requiere una matriz que absorba radiaci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6767ad0cd0c74c97955c7fbad6e8d6a7", "input": "Commercial infrared absorption spectrometers can be dispersive spectrometers", "output": [ "Los espectr\u00f3metros de absorci\u00f3n en el infrarrojo comerciales pueden ser espectr\u00f3metros dispersivos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-534e209fafc54da3a47f8a99ad049ee8", "input": "In an ion chromatography equipment, where is the suppressor membrane or column placed ?", "output": [ "En un equipo de cromatograf\u00eda i\u00f3nica, \u00bfen qu\u00e9 lugar se coloca la membrana o columna supresora?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-63279407acb14c0a8068dfc4dd4a39b0", "input": "The efficiency of a chromatographic separation can be increased", "output": [ "La eficacia de una separaci\u00f3n cromatogr\u00e1fica se puede aumentar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e2c729d703714519b13616c0e58c10ce", "input": "The presence of conjugated chromophore groups in the chemical structure of an absorbent compound, with respect to the isolated chromophore groups, produces an effect in the absorption spectrum", "output": [ "La presencia de grupos crom\u00f3foros conjugados en la estructura qu\u00edmica de un compuesto absorbente, respecto a los grupos crom\u00f3foros aislados, produce en el espectro de absorci\u00f3n un efecto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e10db4affd2e49718388b9a46b95912c", "input": "The half-life time or half-life of a drug that degrades following a first-order reaction depends on", "output": [ "El tiempo de semireacci\u00f3n o tiempo de vida media de un f\u00e1rmaco que se degrada siguiendo una reacci\u00f3n de primer orden depende de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e3fbb1c2e1f432da228612883914f1b", "input": "Pyridine and formamide present in the temperature-composition phase diagram for the solid-liquid equilibrium a eutectic point, which represents the temperature and composition to which they are in equilibrium", "output": [ "La piridina y la formamida presentan en el diagrama de fases temperatura-composici\u00f3n para el equilibrio s\u00f3lido-l\u00edquido un punto eut\u00e9ctico, que representa la temperatura y la composici\u00f3n a la cual est\u00e1n en equilibrio" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fe7c9505a9f54e689414d8984e693f39", "input": "The i factor of Van't Hoff for a strong electrolyte tends toward a value equal to", "output": [ "El factor i de Van\u2019t Hoff para un electrolito fuerte tiende hacia un valor igual a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c24b4cfb808f4e2cab9a6dd7979239a1", "input": "For a single-component system, in a limited range of temperature, a representation of the chemical potential versus temperature, at constant pressure, is a straight line of negative slope for the solid, liquid and gas phases. For which of these phases is the slope module greater ?", "output": [ "Para un sistema de un solo componente, en un intervalo limitado de temperatura, una representaci\u00f3n del potencial qu\u00edmico frente a la temperatura, a presi\u00f3n constante, es una l\u00ednea recta de pendiente negativa para las fases s\u00f3lida, l\u00edquida y gas. \u00bfPara cu\u00e1l de estas fases es mayor el m\u00f3dulo de la pendiente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-75a32359dd0343a2bd963eb12a16131d", "input": "The thermodynamic magnitude that allows to determine if a closed system at constant temperature and pressure, able to perform only P-V work, is in equilibrium is", "output": [ "La magnitud termodin\u00e1mica que permite determinar si un sistema cerrado a temperatura y presi\u00f3n constante, capaz de realizar s\u00f3lo trabajo P-V, est\u00e1 en equilibrio es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bd7f35abe59e40a68c25a29edc2b0249", "input": "The approximation of the steady state assumes that after the induction period the formation velocity is equal to the disappearance velocity for", "output": [ "La aproximaci\u00f3n del estado estacionario supone que despu\u00e9s del periodo de inducci\u00f3n la velocidad de formaci\u00f3n es igual a la velocidad de desaparici\u00f3n para" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a44817394c204d62abe6e0ac6b67f3b6", "input": "What type of toxins are responsible for paralyzing intoxication due to the consumption of molluscs ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de toxinas son responsables de la intoxicaci\u00f3n paralizante por el consumo de moluscos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3af8972650f84926aaa810d563aa00fe", "input": "Indicate which of these toxins is responsible for the serious poisoning caused by Amanita phalloides", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de estas toxinas es la responsable de la intoxicaci\u00f3n grave causada por Amanita phalloides" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3811b3b69ba41fbb23914f88c2ed279", "input": "In the treatment of Wilson's disease, as well as in poisoning by various heavy metals, it is used as an antidote", "output": [ "En el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Wilson, as\u00ed como en intoxicaci\u00f3n por diversos metales pesados, se utiliza como ant\u00eddoto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a4e27c2d4d434196ac64a44d9d4b5677", "input": "The extrarenal purification method in which toxins are absorbed from the blood by passing through a column of activated charcoal is called", "output": [ "El m\u00e9todo de depuraci\u00f3n extrarrenal en el que se absorben las toxinas de la sangre por paso a trav\u00e9s de una columna de carb\u00f3n activado se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7879e8c1510e4ead9e9500dde0cb8058", "input": "The presence of arreactive mydriasis and dry skin and mouth are signs of intoxication due to", "output": [ "La presencia de midriasis arreactiva y sequedad de piel y boca son signos de intoxicaci\u00f3n por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b4decf12fd1144a683f9a9defa4a5334", "input": "Indicate which of the following toxic substances could come from polycarbonate food containers", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de los siguientes t\u00f3xicos podr\u00eda proceder de los envases alimentarios de policarbonato" ] }, { "id": "task1432-02f57b84be964265a196a209484cf4fd", "input": "Which of the following compounds is the most suitable substrate to be used in an aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los compuestos siguientes es el substrato m\u00e1s adecuado para emplearse en una reacci\u00f3n de sustituci\u00f3n electr\u00f3fila arom\u00e1tica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c0e7118580542c494b7b7908e79ef96", "input": "The compounds called meso are characterized by", "output": [ "Los compuestos denominados meso se caracterizan por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-48b31e62304b46a2ae6374a8ddf5fb8a", "input": "The nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated derivatives can proceed through a bimolecular (SN2) or unimolecular (SN1) mechanism. Which of the following characteristics is applicable to the SN1 reaction ?", "output": [ "Las reacciones de sustituci\u00f3n nucle\u00f3fila de derivados halogenados pueden transcurrir por un mecanismo bimolecular (SN2) o unimolecular (SN1). \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las caracter\u00edsticas siguientes es aplicable a la reacci\u00f3n SN1?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-31d3fbfeb7a74e1e9dc11e9a863b4b06", "input": "Which of the following characteristics is applicable to glucose ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las caracter\u00edsticas siguientes es aplicable a la glucosa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4d82f2357c1846bdb2fd303074822f5d", "input": "Which of the following reactions involves as reagents an alkene and a diene ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las reacciones siguientes implica como reactivos a un alqueno y un dieno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-53772a7bd8a14d1ab0cb766b3c5773fc", "input": "A chemical element whose atomic number is Z disintegrates by releasing a beta particle. What is the atomic number of the new element formed ?", "output": [ "Un elemento qu\u00edmico cuyo n\u00famero at\u00f3mico es Z se desintegra desprendiendo una part\u00edcula beta \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el n\u00famero at\u00f3mico del nuevo elemento formado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9572e5412524c57b04369a9f22572bc", "input": "Which of the following options orders the indicated atoms according to their electronic affinity ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones ordena a los \u00e1tomos indicados seg\u00fan su afinidad electr\u00f3nica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7e1dfa945ccd45d2ae5980af8cfa135b", "input": "Which of the following species is amphoteric or ampholyte ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes especies es anf\u00f3tera o anf\u00f3lita?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d424f2d1ecb24510ab61a9d7e52f95ca", "input": "Which of the following statements regarding the elements of Group 14 of the periodic table is correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones referentes a los elementos del Grupo 14 de la tabla peri\u00f3dica es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-acba7e082c9e4a749c9fa0cda59140c3", "input": "From its electronic configuration in its ground state, which of the following chemical species is paramagnetic ?", "output": [ "A partir de su configuraci\u00f3n electr\u00f3nica en su estado fundamental \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes especies qu\u00edmicas es paramagn\u00e9tica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-215308075ca242a5bd1a86357b3f7f73", "input": "How does the electrical conductivity of metals vary ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo var\u00eda la conductividad el\u00e9ctrica de los metales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2b01169ea8f54d6294ab6cda882c200e", "input": "Which of the following statements regarding hydrogen halides HF, HCL, HBr, HI is correct ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes sentencias referentes a los haluros de hidr\u00f3geno HF, HCL, HBr, HI es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3d9b2cc4eedc44c8a016acb511d02096", "input": "A cross-over experimental study on the effect of two different treatments", "output": [ "Un estudio experimental cruzado sobre el efecto de dos tratamientos distintos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9c8cb5cae3a746a396821dfd51560ac0", "input": "In an experimental study conducted in a single blind", "output": [ "En un estudio experimental realizado a simple ciego" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d2db715b64c54386b24235d5bdcfc875", "input": "The specificity of a diagnostic test of a certain disease represents", "output": [ "La especificidad de una prueba diagn\u00f3stica de una determinada enfermedad representa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bff4c0123497437bb72aab7d1d93279c", "input": "Which of these statistical indices is a measure of dispersion ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos \u00edndices estad\u00edsticos es una medida de dispersi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e48b88aecac8439296c83fc07daf56ae", "input": "What drug data should be recorded in the Narcotics Accounting Book ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 dato del medicamento debe registrarse en el Libro de contabilidad de estupefacientes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-da9a2b4138bc4ee899b872a02fe3ed17", "input": "What is the validity period for medication authorization ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el periodo de validez de autorizaci\u00f3n de medicamentos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52f6bc4324d24a37a85ed4c4dfdedbc4", "input": "The acronym H in the outer packaging of an industrially manufactured medicine means", "output": [ "La sigla H en el embalaje exterior de un medicamento de fabricaci\u00f3n industrial significa" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0d544680315c44b0a8496fb0306e61cb", "input": "The permanent communication and information organ of the different Health Services, both among them and with the State Administration, is", "output": [ "El \u00f3rgano permanente de comunicaci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n de los distintos Servicios de Salud, tanto entre ellos como con la Administraci\u00f3n estatal, es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d4c7a1058a014adca4da1656d4a48376", "input": "Homeopathic medicines", "output": [ "Los medicamentos homeop\u00e1ticos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d9896b61cb674b5b8aa573ea8812ecd0", "input": "The prescription and application of medicines NOT authorized to patients NOT included in a clinical trial", "output": [ "La prescripci\u00f3n y la aplicaci\u00f3n de medicamentos NO autorizados a pacientes NO incluidos en un ensayo cl\u00ednico" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f9b5fa123c0f4d15832cadc91ef3c438", "input": "Code TSI 001 is applied, in the official recipes of the National Health System", "output": [ "El c\u00f3digo TSI 001 se aplica, en las recetas oficiales del Sistema Nacional de Salud" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20fb980bea0a4de7b2af96d242b31a52", "input": "Chronic granulomatous disease is due to", "output": [ "La enfermedad granulomatosa cr\u00f3nica se debe a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d34b1ce3ed47468d9cd6ca773d156f1d", "input": "The perforins are some proteins", "output": [ "Las perforinas son unas prote\u00ednas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-21dd11be0bfe4efc8e5c1925401c96d4", "input": "Follicular dendritic cells are", "output": [ "Las c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas foliculares son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e19c5728e8d845d684edcbb39da6d309", "input": "The M cells are", "output": [ "Las c\u00e9lulas M son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-878a674642f14bd8b40a737278175188", "input": "Indicates the correct statement about TLRs or toll-like receptors", "output": [ "Indica la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta sobre los TLR o receptores toll-like" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d97217c6b1ae4eaab25976439bfa5f38", "input": "Which of the following characteristics will a patient with helminth infection and one who is responding to an allergen have in common ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas tendr\u00e1n en com\u00fan un paciente con infecci\u00f3n por helmintos y uno que est\u00e1 respondiendo a un al\u00e9rgeno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1ae56bf4fa3d4e8289146e0bb551ee57", "input": "Indicate the correct statement about the biological activity of immunoglobulins (Ig)", "output": [ "Indique la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta sobre la actividad biol\u00f3gica de las inmunoglobulinas (Ig)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1301f63ece6a418a813c461708add982", "input": "Somatic hypermutation is a process that is very important during the immune response because", "output": [ "La hipermutaci\u00f3n som\u00e1tica es un proceso que tiene mucha importancia durante la respuesta inmune porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-03b0bb820e974274b45378aded24f065", "input": "Which of the following molecules participates in the extravasation of the T lymphocytes to the target tissue ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes mol\u00e9culas participa en la extravasaci\u00f3n de los linfocitos T al tejido diana?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-de7cc837267b490d87a85b17fe000232", "input": "Vorinostat is an antitumor agent that acts as an inhibitor of histone deacetylases. This drug contains in its structure a group capable of coordinating with the Zn2 + cation, present in the active site of the enzyme. Indicate which group is", "output": [ "El vorinostat es un antitumoral que act\u00faa como inhibidor de histona desacetilasas. Este f\u00e1rmaco contiene en su estructura un grupo capaz de coordinarse con el cati\u00f3n Zn2+, presente en el sitio activo de la enzima. Indique cu\u00e1l es dicho grupo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2fe611bdb4754e688ea39c4c86f68b13", "input": "Which of the following antimicrobials is indicated for the treatment of liver abscesses by Entamoeba histolytica ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes antimicrobianos est\u00e1 indicando para el tratamiento de los abscesos hep\u00e1ticos por Entamoeba histolytica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aab3a4a385a14a408c728a6c0ada1fed", "input": "The residual volume is the amount of air in the lung after one", "output": [ "El volumen residual es la cantidad de aire en el pulm\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de una" ] }, { "id": "task1432-13a5e30c2d064e50b60e540e2932fb91", "input": "Which of the following mediators crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes mediadores atraviesa la barrera hematoencef\u00e1lica y act\u00faa sobre el centro termorregulador hipotal\u00e1mico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c00252cf20d846448c07a59b5ade9548", "input": "Regarding daptomycin, which of the following statements is true ?", "output": [ "Respecto a daptomicina, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0dd650bd327a40c9a69a76fddf4d1ebe", "input": "The ginkgolides", "output": [ "Los ginkg\u00f3lidos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aecd07830a444bf2ada9368a94b69aea", "input": "Which of the following substances is NOT a product of the reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes substancias NO es un producto de la reacci\u00f3n catalizada por la hemo oxigenasa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9f9239aa836144458a42bc5b569d2a89", "input": "Which mineral enhances the action of insulin ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 mineral potencia la acci\u00f3n de la insulina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f62f673fc2d94908894181d6aa02587e", "input": "The plasma emission atomic emission spectrometry (ICP) equipment differs from the atomic absorption spectrometry equipment in that it does NOT have", "output": [ "Los equipos de espectrometr\u00eda de emisi\u00f3n at\u00f3mica con fuente de plasma (ICP) se diferencian de los de absorci\u00f3n at\u00f3mica en que NO tienen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eb8b61b6538f4fe389cbb808ab09d0ab", "input": "DiGeorge syndrome is caused by", "output": [ "El s\u00edndrome de DiGeorge est\u00e1 provocado por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0da4bbe946a41b8ae30c1e79ba2c2ed", "input": "Question linked to image no. 1 An 82-year-old man with a history of dilated cardiomyopathy came to the emergency room for recurrent syncope in the last week. An electrocardiogram is performed that shows", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba1 Un hombre de 82 a\u00f1os, con antecedentes de miocardiopat\u00eda dilatada, acude a urgencias por s\u00edncopes recurrentes en la \u00faltima semana. Se realiza un electrocardiograma que muestra" ] }, { "id": "task1432-61965fc5835a48938356dcd6eebfd4d0", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba2 A 40-year-old man with arterial hypertension, in treatment with enalapril, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide at full doses. In consultation you have blood pressure figures above 150/100 mmHg and the result of 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is shown in the image. The shaded strip on the right indicates the sleep period. Ensures compliance with the treatment, exercise daily and eat with little salt. Do not take medications that can raise blood pressure. What is the most correct attitude at this time?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba2 Hombre de 40 a\u00f1os con hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, en tratamiento con enalapril, amlodipino e hidroclorotiazida a dosis plenas. En consulta tiene cifras de presi\u00f3n arterial por encima de 150/100 mmHg y el resultado de la Monitorizaci\u00f3n Ambulatoria de la Presi\u00f3n Arterial (MAPA) de 24 horas se muestra en la imagen. La franja sombreada de la derecha indica el periodo de sue\u00f1o. Asegura cumplir bien el tratamiento, hace ejercicio a diario y come con poca sal. No toma medicamentos que puedan subir la presi\u00f3n arterial. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud m\u00e1s correcta en este momento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c032ff9f07a640a1bda08081eae48d04", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba3 A 44-year-old woman operated on for colon neoplasia using midline laparotomy without remarkable incidents. After a few hours of postoperative, progressively presents poor general condition, discomfort and discomfort. At the time of examination, she has a good state of consciousness, is afebrile but sweaty, tachycardic (132 l / min), with arterial hypotension (82/52 mmHg), respiratory rate of 24 per minute and an arterial oxygen saturation of 97% . Respiratory auscultation is normal and rhythmic. Abdominal palpation is somewhat painful and surgical drains have poor debit. Check a chest x-ray done to check a central line without seeing relevant cardiopulmonary pathology. In the urgent analytical objective a slight decrease of the hemoglobin with respect to the preoperative one. In this context, you perform an ecoFAST ultrasound focused on the right hypochondrium (image 1) and a subxiphoid cardiac window (image 2). What is your best therapeutic option?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba3 Mujer de 44 a\u00f1os intervenida de neoplasia de colon mediante laparotom\u00eda en l\u00ednea media sin incidencias remarcables. Al cabo de unas horas de postoperatorio, presenta de forma progresiva mal estado general, intranquilidad y disconfort. En el momento de su exploraci\u00f3n tiene buen estado de conciencia, est\u00e1 afebril pero sudorosa, taquic\u00e1rdica (132 l/min), con hipotensi\u00f3n arterial (82/52 mmHg), frecuencia respiratoria de 24 por min y una saturaci\u00f3n arterial de ox\u00edgeno del 97%. La auscultaci\u00f3n respiratoria es normal y est\u00e1 r\u00edtmica. La palpaci\u00f3n abdominal es algo dolorosa y los drenajes quir\u00fargicos tienen d\u00e9bito escaso. Revisa una radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax realizada para comprobaci\u00f3n de una v\u00eda central sin apreciar patolog\u00eda cardiopulmonar relevante. En la anal\u00edtica urgente objetiva un leve descenso de la hemoglobina respecto al preoperatorio. En este contexto Vd. realiza una ecograf\u00eda ecoFAST focalizada en hipocondrio derecho (imagen 1) y ventana cardiaca subxifoidea (imagen 2). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su mejor opci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d608f4dd6fd464bb971242f0f83b90a", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba4 A 69-year-old woman who attended a cardiology outpatient clinic referring to limited-moderate-small-effort dyspnea in recent months. The electrocardiogram shows atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular response. The exploration highlights a diastolic murmur. We performed a transthoracic echocardiogram. What do you think is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba4 Mujer de 69 a\u00f1os que acude a consulta externa de cardiolog\u00eda refiriendo disnea limitante de moderados-peque\u00f1os esfuerzos instaurada en los \u00faltimos meses. El electrocardiograma muestra fibrilaci\u00f3n auricular con respuesta ventricular controlada. A la exploraci\u00f3n destaca un soplo diast\u00f3lico. Realizamos un ecocardiograma transtor\u00e1cico. \u00bfCu\u00e1l cree que es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable de esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e4e63916b4a0442fb0a7eaf448ab9b98", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba5 Carlos is 31 years old and this is the third time that he has been going to the emergency room this year for presenting episodes of esophageal impaction after the ingestion of meat that have required extraction by oral endoscopy. As background it should be noted that he has bronchial asthma and is allergic to nuts. Point out the true answer based on the esophageal findings found in a new oral endoscopy", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba5 Carlos tiene 31 a\u00f1os y es la tercera vez que acude este a\u00f1o a urgencias por presentar episodios de impactaci\u00f3n esof\u00e1gica tras la ingesta de carne que han precisado de su extracci\u00f3n por endoscopia oral. Como antecedentes cabe rese\u00f1ar que presenta asma bronquial y es al\u00e9rgico a los frutos secos. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta verdadera en base a los hallazgos esof\u00e1gicos encontrados en una nueva endoscopia oral" ] }, { "id": "task1432-766c7f0a98c3426c8dce38ecf423aed5", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba6 A 84-year-old woman with a history of cholecystectomy who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed. What is the correct diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba6 Mujer de 84 a\u00f1os con antecedente de colecistectom\u00eda que presenta dolor abdominal e ictericia. Se realiz\u00f3 una colangiopancreatograf\u00eda retr\u00f3grada endosc\u00f3pica (CPRE). \u00bfC\u00faal es el diagn\u00f3stico correcto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf89bc6c918e443ab84bd713e9cbf6cb", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba7 A 42-year-old woman who came to the emergency room due to abdominal pain and fever. A CT is performed that does not provide data on the possible cause of the pain, however, before the findings objectified in the image, it is referred to the doctor. Which of the following explorations do you consider indicated to complete the study?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba7 Mujer de 42 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias por dolor abdominal y fiebre. Se realiza una TC que no aporta datos sobre la posible causa del dolor, no obstante ante los hallazgos objetivados en la imagen se remite a consulta. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes exploraciones considera indicada para completar el estudio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8a04b8798ef34a178939dee001244400", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba8 A 47-year-old woman who referred for two weeks a picture of low-grade fever, asthenia, palpitations and neck pain with swallowing with a sensation of increased soft tissue. In the laboratory, an ESR of 87 mm / h and a serum TSH of 0.01 IU / L are noteworthy. The performance of a thyroid scan is indicated. Which of the following images is compatible with the diagnosis of the patient?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba8 Mujer de 47 a\u00f1os que refiere desde hace dos semanas un cuadro de febr\u00edcula, astenia, palpitaciones y dolor cervical con la degluci\u00f3n con sensaci\u00f3n de aumento de partes blandas. En la anal\u00edtica destaca una VSG de 87 mm/h y una TSH s\u00e9rica de 0,01 UI/L. Se indica realizaci\u00f3n de una gammagraf\u00eda tiroidea. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes im\u00e1genes es compatible con el diagn\u00f3stico de la paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3d62a5ed82164f5b97484a5d5e18543b", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba9 A 28-year-old woman who has been undergoing treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome goes to the office for pregnancy control, referring to 10-week amenorrhea. Ultrasound revealed a single, live fetus with a cephalo-caudal length (CRL) of 57 mm, corresponding to 12 weeks. Point out the correct option", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba9 Mujer de 28 a\u00f1os de edad que ha estado en tratamiento por un s\u00edndrome de ovario poliqu\u00edstico, acude a la consulta para el control del embarazo refiriendo una amenorrea de 10 semanas. En la ecograf\u00eda se objetiva un feto \u00fanico, vivo, con una longitud cefalo-caudal (CRL) de 57 mm, que corresponde a 12 semanas. Se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ebfe130f9b324c8a9755aed42cae604f", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba10 A 40-year-old woman goes to the emergency department for anemic syndrome. On physical examination, mucocutaneous pallor with conjunctival jaundice is observed. Peripheral blood tests include the following data leukocytes 7,380 / \u03bcL, hemoglobin 7,6 g / dL, VCM 97 fl, platelets 78,000 / \u03bcL, LDH 1,092 U / L, total bilirubin 3,4 mg / dL and indirect bilirubin 2.9 mg / dL. Given the findings of the peripheral blood smear, indicate the diagnosis of correct suspicion", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba10 Una mujer de 40 a\u00f1os acude al servicio de urgencias por s\u00edndrome an\u00e9mico. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica se observa palidez mucocut\u00e1nea con tinte ict\u00e9rico en conjuntivas. En los an\u00e1lisis de sangre perif\u00e9rica destacan los siguientes datos leucocitos 7.380/\u00b5L, hemoglobina 7,6 g/dL, VCM 97 fl, plaquetas 78.000/\u00b5L, LDH 1.092 U/L, bilirrubina total 3,4 mg/dL y bilirrubina indirecta 2,9 mg/dL. Ante los hallazgos del frotis de sangre perif\u00e9rica, indique el diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha correcto" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f875832d0adb476cad308036ce5482dd", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba11 A 68-year-old man who consulted due to asthenia. He refers to bone pain as the only accompanying symptomatology. His kidney function was normal 6 months earlier. General analytical is performed, which shows creatinine 2.0 mg / dL, urea 86 mg / dL, plasma proteins 90 g / L, ESR 120 mm / h, urinary albumin / creatinine ratio 4 (normal), urinary protein / creatinine ratio 80 (N <22). The image of the urine sediment and the urine dipstick is attached. What suspicion can the patient have and what test would he do in the first place?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba11 Hombre de 68 a\u00f1os que consulta por astenia. Refiere dolores \u00f3seos como \u00fanica sintomatolog\u00eda acompa\u00f1ante. Su funci\u00f3n renal era normal 6 meses antes. Se realiza anal\u00edtica general que muestra creatinina 2,0 mg/dL, urea 86 mg/dL, prote\u00ednas plasm\u00e1ticas 90 g/L, VSG 120 mm/h, ratio alb\u00famina/creatinina urinaria 4 (normal), ratio prote\u00edna/creatinina urinaria 80 (N<22). Se adjunta la imagen del sedimento de orina y de la tira reactiva de orina. \u00bfQu\u00e9 sospecha que pueda tener el paciente y qu\u00e9 prueba har\u00eda en primer lugar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e869d843a63c4c82a3cb344ac7d745dd", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba12 A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertrophic septal cardiomyopathy. He enters the ICU due to a septic shock of respiratory origin. After stabilization by vasoactive support and 14 days of antibiotic therapy, a good clinical and analytical evolution follows. Abruptly presents a generalized seizure that requires orotracheal intubation by lowering the level of consciousness. An urgent CT with contrast shows a left parietal cavitated lesion. MRI is performed. What is the diagnosis of presumption?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba12 Mujer de 70 a\u00f1os con antecedentes de hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, neumopat\u00eda obstructiva cr\u00f3nica y miocardiopat\u00eda hipertr\u00f3fica septal. Ingresa en la UCI por un shock s\u00e9ptico de origen respiratorio. Tras estabilizaci\u00f3n mediante soporte vasoactivo y 14 d\u00edas de antibioterapia sigue una buena evoluci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica y anal\u00edtica. Bruscamente presenta una crisis convulsiva generalizada que obliga a intubaci\u00f3n orotraqueal por disminuci\u00f3n del nivel de conciencia. Una TC urgente con contraste muestra una lesi\u00f3n cavitada parietal izquierda. Se realiza RM. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico de presunci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-016df55616be4ba380c889cc5bd6f635", "input": "Question linked to image No. 13 What is the diagnosis of suspicion of the following echocardiographic image?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba13 \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha de la siguiente imagen ecocardiogr\u00e1fica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b2f585eecb43477190bfd07f2e16b185", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba14 An 83-year-old man went to the emergency room for asthenia, malaise and diarrhea. History of hypertension, diabetic with chronic kidney disease (EFG 32 mL / min) and heart failure (FE 30%). In treatment with digoxin, nebivolol, furosemide, allopurinol, spironolactone, enalapril, atorvastatin and sitagliptin. On examination, there are signs of mucosal dehydration. PA 90/44 mm / Hg, FC 67 bpm. Analysis Hb 10.8 g / dL, glucose 156 mg / dL, urea 125 mg / dL, creatinine 3.25 mg / dL, K 7.5 mEq / L, Na 138 mEq / L, pH 7.31, bicarbonate 16 mmol / L. The following ECG is performed. What is the first measure to establish in this patient?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba14 Hombre de 83 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias por astenia, malestar general y diarrea. Antecedentes de HTA, diab\u00e9tico con enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica (EFG 32 mL/min) e insuficiencia cardiaca (FE 30%). En tratamiento con digoxina, nebivolol, furosemida, alopurinol, espironolactona, enalapril, atorvastatina y sitagliptina. En la exploraci\u00f3n destacan signos de deshidrataci\u00f3n de mucosas. PA 90/44 mm/Hg, FC 67 lpm. An\u00e1lisis Hb 10,8 g/dL, glucosa 156 mg/dL, urea 125 mg/dL, creatinina 3,25 mg/dL, K 7,5 mEq/L, Na 138 mEq/L, pH 7,31, bicarbonato 16 mmol/L. Se realiza el siguiente ECG. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la primera medida a instaurar en este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1e4b2f2679a44ba8b85adf782b9a7970", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba15 A 71-year-old man consulted for low-grade fever and asthenia of 3 weeks of evolution, who did not give in despite antibiotic treatment for 7 days. In the urine strip, microhematuria is seen. It provides a blood count with Hb of 10.1 g / dL, VCM of 91.6 fL. Firstly, an abdominal ultrasound is performed, but the radiologist questions him and decides to perform a CT scan. Point out the answer that seems right", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba15 Hombre de 71 a\u00f1os que consulta por febr\u00edcula y astenia de 3 semanas de evoluci\u00f3n, que no ha cedido a pesar de tratamiento antibi\u00f3tico durante 7 d\u00edas. En la tira de orina se aprecia microhematuria. Aporta un hemograma con Hb de 10,1 g/dL, VCM de 91,6 fL. Primeramente le realizan una ecograf\u00eda abdominal, pero al radi\u00f3logo le plantea dudas y decide realizarle una TC. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta que le parece correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-22e391f1473241a1a48373974fc803ab", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba16 Woman of 45 years of age, smoker of 20 cig / day. He went to the emergency room due to a clinical picture of 10 days of mucopurulent cough, pain in the right hemithorax, asthenia and night sweats. Pulmonary auscultation with decreased vesicular murmur in the upper third of the right lung with abundant rhonchi in both fields. Analytical Hb 10 g / dL, platelets 629,000 / \u03bcL and leukocytes 16,000 / \u03bcL with 83% neutrophils. A thorax RX is performed. What is the most correct attitude?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba16 Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os de edad, fumadora de 20 cig/d\u00eda. Acude a urgencias por cuadro cl\u00ednico de 10 d\u00edas de evoluci\u00f3n de tos mucopurulenta, dolor en hemit\u00f3rax derecho, astenia y sudoraci\u00f3n nocturna. Auscultaci\u00f3n pulmonar con murmullo vesicular disminuido a nivel del tercio superior del pulm\u00f3n derecho con roncus abundantes por ambos campos. Anal\u00edtica Hb 10 g/dL, plaquetas 629.000/\u00b5L y leucocitos 16.000/\u00b5L con 83% neutr\u00f3filos. Se realiza una RX t\u00f3rax. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud m\u00e1s correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ab87e0e290ae4f3986c7ff8dd52044b2", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba17 A 22-year-old man with no relevant medical history who came to the emergency room due to non-specific chest and abdominal pain. Blood pressure of 90/50 mmHg, heart rate 120 beats per minute and basal saturation 94%. Respiratory auscultation with bilateral generalized hypophonosis. What is the diagnosis and initial treatment according to the image?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba17 Joven de 22 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s que acude a urgencias por dolor tor\u00e1cico y abdominal inespec\u00edfico. Presi\u00f3n arterial de 90/50 mmHg, frecuencia cardiaca 120 latidos por minuto y saturaci\u00f3n basal 94%. Auscultaci\u00f3n respiratoria con hipofonesis generalizada bilateral. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento inicial seg\u00fan la imagen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0237e1a4bdf64accacf07b30aa3d5409", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba18 74-year-old woman with HBP, left nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis in 2004 and major depression disorder with mutism treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Last session two weeks ago. It is brought to the emergency by syncope. In the PA 142/90 mmHg scan, FC 105 bpm, oxygen saturation 89%, tachypnea at 30 rpm with run. ECG without signs of acute ischemia. Rx thorax with increased diameter of the pulmonary artery. Analytical with urea 89 mg / dL, creatinine 2.1 mg / dL, BNP 945 pg / mL, troponin 34 ng / mL (normal <0.5), D-dimer 3,200 ng / dL. The following test is performed. Given the findings, what is the most correct action?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba18 Mujer de 74 a\u00f1os con HTA, nefrectom\u00eda izquierda por tuberculosis renal en 2004 y trastorno de depresi\u00f3n mayor con mutismo tratado con terapia electroconvulsiva. \u00daltima sesi\u00f3n hace dos semanas. Es tra\u00edda a la urgencia por s\u00edncope. En la exploraci\u00f3n PA 142/90 mmHg, FC 105 lpm, saturaci\u00f3n de ox\u00edgeno 89%, taquipnea a 30 rpm con tiraje. ECG sin signos de isquemia aguda. Rx t\u00f3rax con aumento de di\u00e1metro de la arteria pulmonar. Anal\u00edtica con urea 89 mg/dL, creatinina 2,1 mg/dL, BNP 945 pg/mL, troponina 34 ng/mL (normal <0,5), d\u00edmero-D 3.200 ng/dL. Se realiza la siguiente prueba. Ante los hallazgos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la actuaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5b46c52312e492882e06425ced294df", "input": "Question linked to image No. 19 A 77-year-old man found at home with right hemiplegia and global aphasia. Last seen asymptomatic 20 hours before. Cranial CT shown. Point out the CORRECT answer", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba19 Hombre de 77 a\u00f1os de edad encontrado en su domicilio con hemiplejia derecha y afasia global. \u00daltima vez visto asintom\u00e1tico 20 horas antes. Se realiza TC craneal que se muestra. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0423f727f454608a79752d17cc2ce08", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba20 A 3-year-old boy whose parents report that he has a lesion on the inner side of the right forearm, detected three months after birth, which sometimes reddens and itches. What is the most likely diagnosis and what attitude would it take?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba20 Ni\u00f1o de 3 a\u00f1os cuyos padres refieren que presenta lesi\u00f3n en cara interna de antebrazo derecho, detectada a los tres meses del nacimiento que en ocasiones se enrojece y le produce picor. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable y qu\u00e9 actitud llevar\u00eda a cabo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65d0d01129364e53899c1eff832e9023", "input": "Question linked to image # 21 A 38-year-old bank employee who has been periodically checked for a company is referred to us to assess the chest X-ray. The patient smokes 20 cigarettes / day from the age of 21. She says that during the last months, she is somewhat more tired than usual. The basic laboratory tests are normal except for an Hb of 11.4 g / dL. An electrocardiogram and forced spirometry are normal. What do you think is the most plausible diagnostic orientation?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba21 Una empleada bancaria de 38 a\u00f1os a la que se ha hecho la revisi\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica de empresa nos es remitida para valorar la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax. La paciente fuma 20 cigarrillos/d\u00eda desde los 21 a\u00f1os. Refiere que durante los \u00faltimos meses, est\u00e1 algo m\u00e1s cansada de lo habitual. Los an\u00e1lisis b\u00e1sicos de laboratorio son normales a excepci\u00f3n de una Hb de 11,4 g/dL. Un electrocardiograma y una espirometr\u00eda forzada son normales. \u00bfCu\u00e1l cree que es la orientaci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica m\u00e1s plausible?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1661a93281034accb5ab7a6381223e0d", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba22 A 68-year-old woman on chronic treatment due to polymyalgia rheumatica. Go to the consultation for right inguinal pain radiating to the anteromedial face of the proximal third of the thigh, of insidious onset and without causal trauma. It is a continuous but increasing pain. It gets worse with the standing. Simple RX is done in which slight symmetrical degenerative changes are observed in both hips, without loss of the joint interline in the painful hip. An MRI is performed. Which diagnosis do you consider most likely?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba22 Mujer de 68 a\u00f1os en tratamiento cr\u00f3nico por polimialgia reum\u00e1tica. Acude a la consulta por dolor inguinal derecho irradiado a la cara anteromedial del tercio proximal del muslo, de inicio insidioso y sin traumatismo causal. Se trata de un dolor continuo pero que va en aumento. Empeora con la bipedestaci\u00f3n. Se hace RX simple en la que se observan leves cambios degenerativos sim\u00e9tricos en ambas caderas, sin p\u00e9rdida de la interl\u00ednea articular en la cadera dolorosa. Se realiza una RM. \u00bfQu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico considera m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-41ee8d74f99a42b08090e493f9221d25", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba23 What is the correct answer to a young man with a traumatic history 3 days ago who undergoes this knee radiography?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba23 \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la respuesta correcta ante un joven con un antecedente traum\u00e1tico hace 3 d\u00edas al que se le practica esta radiograf\u00eda de rodilla?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20ab1bbf52ef40879b9f58224b9d8efa", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba24 A 75-year-old man who goes to the emergency room due to abdominal pain and fever of 24 hours of evolution. On physical examination, we found a patient who was feverish, obtunded, hemodynamically unstable, and with a stomach on a table. Abdominal CT is requested, revealing pneumoperitoneum and abundant content in the peritoneal cavity. It is decided to transfer urgently to the operating room. We started resuscitation with fluids and, in view of the need for vasoactive infusion, the resident proceeded to channel the central venous catheter. When observing the color of the blood it shows doubts and requests gasometry realization. Results pH 7.30; pO2 95 mmHg; pCO2 44 mmHg; HCO3 18 mmol / L; SO2 95%. Point out the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba24 Hombre de 75 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias por dolor abdominal y fiebre de 24h de evoluci\u00f3n. A la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica encontramos un paciente febril, obnubilado, inestable hemodin\u00e1micamente y con vientre en tabla. Se solicita TC abdominal que revela neumoperitoneo y contenido abundante en cavidad peritoneal. Se decide traslado urgente a quir\u00f3fano. Iniciamos resucitaci\u00f3n con fluidos y ante la necesidad de infusi\u00f3n de vasoactivos, el residente procede a canalizaci\u00f3n de cat\u00e9ter venoso central. Al observar el color de la sangre muestra dudas y solicita realizaci\u00f3n de gasometr\u00eda. Resultados pH 7,30; pO2 95 mmHg; pCO2 44 mmHg; HCO3 18 mmol/L; SO2 95%. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a1b09653b4e54bf2af11c8c7cf587c46", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba25 According to the results of the clinical trial included in the image linked to the question, which of the following conclusions is true?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba25 De acuerdo a los resultados del ensayo cl\u00ednico incluidos en la imagen vinculada a la pregunta, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes conclusiones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ad51cd3009bb401e8858ec7127e786f6", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba26 A 26-year-old man who presented erythematous-scaly plaques on the scalp, elbows, sacral region, periumbilical and knees for 7 years. He has followed different treatments (acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine, phototherapy) that have been only partially effective or have caused adverse effects. Which of the following drugs has an approved indication for our patient?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba26 Hombre de 26 a\u00f1os que presenta desde hace 7 a\u00f1os brotes de placas eritemato-escamosas en el cuero cabelludo, codos, regi\u00f3n sacra, periumbilical y rodillas. Ha seguido diferentes tratamientos (acitretino, metotrexate, ciclosporina, fototerapia) que han sido tan solo parcialmente eficaces o le han causado efectos adversos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos tiene indicaci\u00f3n aprobada para nuestro paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5eb3c26c8c77494489a86080f8d3ca3f", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba27 A 54-year-old male diagnosed with disseminated melanoma treated with vemurafenib. Six weeks after starting the treatment, it refers to the appearance of a rapidly growing skin lesion (see image). What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba27 Hombre de 54 a\u00f1os diagnosticado de melanoma diseminado en tratamiento con vemurafenib. Seis semanas despu\u00e9s de iniciar el tratamiento refiere la aparici\u00f3n de una lesi\u00f3n cut\u00e1nea de r\u00e1pido crecimiento (ver imagen). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9b778b8130c14afc931ea9b7e1e17527", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba28 40-year-old man who consulted for blurred vision, pain and right red eye of 3 days of evolution. Biomicroscopic exploration is shown in the image. The intraocular pressure in that eye is 10 mmHg. The fundus does not show alterations. What is the first diagnostic option?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba28 Hombre de 40 a\u00f1os que consulta por visi\u00f3n borrosa, dolor y ojo rojo derecho de 3 d\u00edas de evoluci\u00f3n. La exploraci\u00f3n biomicrosc\u00f3pica se muestra en la imagen. La presi\u00f3n intraocular en ese ojo es 10 mmHg. El fondo de ojo no muestra alteraciones. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la primera opci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6006c388a9514f17b6a5961581a303be", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba29 A \u200b\u200b35-year-old woman with a 2-week history of headache, hypothyroidism and a body mass index of 30 with the following fundus image. Which of the following is the LEAST probable finding that we can find?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba29 Mujer de 35 a\u00f1os con historia de cefalea de dos semanas de evoluci\u00f3n, hipotiroidismo y un \u00edndice de masa corporal de 30 que presenta la siguiente imagen de fondo de ojo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es el hallazgo MENOS probable que nos podremos encontrar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-16ab3701d94746249733058e82b8a593", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba30 It is your first guard as emergency doctor in a mobile ICU and you assist a man of about 50 years old who has just collapsed to the ground abruptly. When you explore the patient is unconscious and does not breathe. You have checked that he does not have a pulse either, so you start performing chest compressions and ventilations at a 30 2 rhythm. One of your colleagues in the health team has placed the monitor-defibrillator paddles and the image shown appears on the monitor screen. What action is the priority in this case?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba30 Es tu primera guardia como m\u00e9dico de emergencias en una UVI m\u00f3vil y asistes a un hombre de unos 50 a\u00f1os que acaba de desplomarse al suelo bruscamente. Cuando le exploras el paciente est\u00e1 inconsciente y no respira. Has comprobado que tampoco tiene pulso por lo que comienzas a realizar compresiones tor\u00e1cicas y ventilaciones a un ritmo 302. Uno de tus compa\u00f1eros del equipo sanitario ha colocado las palas del monitor-desfibrilador y en la pantalla del monitor aparece la imagen que se muestra. \u00bfQu\u00e9 actuaci\u00f3n es la prioritaria en este caso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2ab5cb5664634b4f97811d24afaaeecd", "input": "Question linked to image # 31 The patient with the 1st ECG receives a drug. The post-treatment electrocardiographic sequence (2nd and 3rd) is shown. What is the drug administered?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba31 El paciente con el ECG 1\u00ba, recibe un f\u00e1rmaco. Se muestra la secuencia electrocardiogr\u00e1fica postratamiento (2\u00ba y 3\u00ba). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el f\u00e1rmaco administrado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-183e636db525416caf0ae601bcb5be81", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba32 Which of the following structures corresponds to the vertebral artery?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba32 \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes estructuras corresponde a la arteria vertebral?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c36d859a0e8948728d651658c08ca9d1", "input": "Question linked to image no. 33 What is the radiological diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba33 \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico radiol\u00f3gico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-420c0a10d6394feb9c2885216b52e677", "input": "Question linked to the image n\u00ba34 From the following bony structures indicate the odontoid process", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba34 De las siguientes estructuras \u00f3seas se\u00f1ale la ap\u00f3fisis odontoides" ] }, { "id": "task1432-493f41134fbf42cf827a16bc7bd91553", "input": "Question linked to image n\u00ba35 A 25-year-old woman, with no relevant medical history, presenting a painless cervical adenopathy of 3 cm in diameter, slow-growing and two months old. The patient reports fever and night sweats. A biopsy of the adenopathy is performed. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Pregunta vinculada a la imagen n\u00ba35 Mujer de 25 a\u00f1os, sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s, que presenta una adenopat\u00eda cervical indolora de 3 cm de di\u00e1metro, de crecimiento lento y de dos meses de evoluci\u00f3n. La enferma refiere fiebre y sudoraci\u00f3n nocturna. Se le practica biopsia de la adenopat\u00eda. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-253ab3f56f184d6e81b24dab421b4bea", "input": "In relation to the anatomy of the vein carries one of the following statements is FALSE", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la anatom\u00eda de la vena porta una de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-52c6ec03283a403e88356d3b1ee466c4", "input": "Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the external carotid artery?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes arterias NO es rama de la arteria car\u00f3tida externa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9f53eca7e2c140caa47b16d44089bc5b", "input": "What type of necrosis is characteristic of acute myocardial infarction?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de necrosis es caracter\u00edstica del infarto agudo de miocardio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0f9ec73e02824ac29a2c23aa333fca40", "input": "A 58-year-old woman with a history of Riedel's thyroiditis. He has abdominal pain, weight loss and obstructive jaundice. In view of the radiological suspicion of pancreatic carcinoma, a cephalic duodenopancreatectomy is performed. In the anatomopathological study we did not find a carcinoma, but abundant inflammatory cells with a tendency to surround ducts, marked fibrosis, obliterating phlebitis and more than 50 IgG4 + plasma cells per high-power field. Which is the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Mujer de 58 a\u00f1os con antecedente de tiroiditis de Riedel. Presenta dolor abdominal, p\u00e9rdida de peso e ictericia obstructiva. Ante la sospecha radiol\u00f3gica de carcinoma de p\u00e1ncreas, se realiza una duodenopancreatectom\u00eda cef\u00e1lica. En el estudio anatomopatol\u00f3gico no encontramos un carcinoma, sino abundantes c\u00e9lulas inflamatorias con tendencia a rodear ductos, marcada fibrosis, flebitis obliterante y m\u00e1s de 50 c\u00e9lulas plasm\u00e1ticas IgG4+ por campo de gran aumento. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2e4670e16d5a451198fbee10a0759c07", "input": "The histological finding that allows a diagnosis of Barret's esophagus in a biopsy is the presence of", "output": [ "El hallazgo histol\u00f3gico que permite un diagn\u00f3stico de es\u00f3fago de Barret en una biopsia es la presencia de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0b3aff50293d4f109b8813e60344ad5d", "input": "Which of these drugs is contraindicated in pregnant women due to the risk of congenital malformations?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos f\u00e1rmacos est\u00e1 contraindicado en embarazadas por el riesgo de malformaciones cong\u00e9nitas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-46d5cb923dc042eb82db7cb84868e4fa", "input": "What is the consequence of a high apparent volume of distribution of a drug?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la consecuencia de un alto volumen aparente de distribuci\u00f3n de un f\u00e1rmaco?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-98c6fc0eb34b400ebfe25db9600b914a", "input": "Point out the CORRECT answer. In slow metabolizing CYP2D6 patients, one would expect to find", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta CORRECTA. En pacientes metabolizadores lentos del CYP2D6 se esperar\u00eda encontrar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7c59a8d5bdee4060a4f8c442f76556d2", "input": "Beta-lactams are the most numerous group of antibiotics. One of the NEGATIVE aspects of this group of antibiotics is", "output": [ "Los beta-lact\u00e1micos son el grupo m\u00e1s numeroso de antibi\u00f3ticos. Uno de los aspectos NEGATIVOS de este grupo de antibi\u00f3ticos es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-612297b1eb134f609f1194e58b501503", "input": "Indicate which of the drugs listed below and used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension is NOT an analogue of prostacyclin", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los f\u00e1rmacos enumerados a continuaci\u00f3n y empleados en el tratamiento de la hipertensi\u00f3n arterial pulmonar NO es un an\u00e1logo de la prostaciclina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7fead05548da4f4b939db47974047e69", "input": "Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide of high molecular weight formed by glucose molecules linked together by alpha-1,4 bonds that form long chains that branch every 12-18 units by alpha-1,6 bonds. In relation to glycogen metabolism, what is the FALSE response?", "output": [ "El gluc\u00f3geno es un polisac\u00e1rido ramificado de alto peso molecular formado por mol\u00e9culas de glucosa unidas entre s\u00ed por enlaces alfa-1,4 que forman largas cadenas que se ramifican cada 12-18 unidades por enlaces alfa-1,6. En relaci\u00f3n al metabolismo del gluc\u00f3geno, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la respuesta FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a0c2242dbefd422e9dffa3051c436d6b", "input": "Which of the following statements is CERTAIN concerning Angiotensin II in glomerular filtration?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CIERTA referente a la Angiotensina II en la filtraci\u00f3n glomerular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d1e67cc69ebb40739a3909cfac84daae", "input": "Hepcidin has a central role in iron homeostasis. Which of these statements is true?", "output": [ "La hepcidina tiene un papel central en la homeostasis del hierro. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-377a401b301a4cb28b624d3dc5b46b22", "input": "Regarding the inheritance patterns of diseases of genetic origin, which of the following statements is true?", "output": [ "Respecto a los patrones de herencia de las enfermedades de origen gen\u00e9tico, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-31283856c8534d52b979f8d8f6079d8f", "input": "A couple with a first male child (index case) affected by cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) goes to the genetic counseling clinic. The molecular diagnosis indicates that the index case is homozygous for the F508del mutation and its heterozygous carrier parents. The clinical geneticist will inform you about the form of transmission of the disease. Which statement is correct?", "output": [ "Una pareja con un primer hijo var\u00f3n (caso \u00edndice) afecto de fibrosis qu\u00edstica (mucoviscidosis) acude a la consulta de consejo gen\u00e9tico. El diagn\u00f3stico molecular indica que el caso \u00edndice es homocigoto para la mutaci\u00f3n F508del y sus padres portadores heterocigotos. El genetista cl\u00ednico les informar\u00e1 acerca de la forma de transmisi\u00f3n de la enfermedad. \u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n es la correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76b0aa8c929f4f859b617fc4c5175fce", "input": "What is the genetic mechanism underlying myotonic dystrophy type 1 or Steinert's disease?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el mecanismo gen\u00e9tico subyacente a la distrofia miot\u00f3nica tipo 1 o enfermedad de Steinert?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fbe272197f32460993175eda94f1eb5e", "input": "Isabel has three sons and one daughter (Mar\u00eda), all of whom are healthy. A brother and a maternal uncle of Isabel died because they were affected by Duchenne's disease; a recessive disease linked to the X chromosome. Currently, Maria wants to become pregnant and wants to know the risk of transmitting the disease to her offspring. With the data collected, what is the probability that Maria is a carrier of Duchenne's disease?", "output": [ "Isabel tiene tres hijos varones y una hija (Mar\u00eda), todos ellos sanos. Un hermano y un t\u00edo materno de Isabel fallecieron por estar afectos de la enfermedad de Duchenne; una enfermedad recesiva ligada al cromosoma X. Actualmente, Mar\u00eda desea quedarse embarazada y quiere conocer el riesgo de transmitir la enfermedad a su descendencia. Con los datos recogidos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la probabilidad de que Mar\u00eda sea portadora de la enfermedad de Duchenne?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9814c63e56e4b3aada7d7028b6d2ed2", "input": "Point out the correct answer regarding carcinogenesis", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta en relaci\u00f3n a la carcinog\u00e9nesis" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5157bd19f82a47619eeab0c58c7eb5b9", "input": "Regarding the hemolytic disease of the newborn, point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Respecto a la enfermedad hemol\u00edtica del reci\u00e9n nacido, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e11eaccc7dfa462ab949ea99bdd43394", "input": "The receptors for the lymphocyte antigen are called clonotypic because", "output": [ "Los receptores para el ant\u00edgeno de los linfocitos se denominan clonot\u00edpicos porque" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af290f80ee1b45349019758a77829c61", "input": "In allergic bronchial asthma, one of these molecules is responsible for the increase in IgE synthesis", "output": [ "En el asma bronquial al\u00e9rgico, una de estas mol\u00e9culas es la responsable del aumento de s\u00edntesis de IgE" ] }, { "id": "task1432-37ce1e6a19f8495db779aa85600022c6", "input": "A drug-induced urticaria can be caused by the following mechanisms EXCEPT", "output": [ "Una urticaria inducida por f\u00e1rmacos puede ser causada por los siguientes mecanismos EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d8610baece2a42a285c7925d07bd52ff", "input": "Which of these receptors of the cells of the immune system are located exclusively in the cellular cytoplasm?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos receptores de las c\u00e9lulas del sistema inmune se localizan exclusivamente en el citoplasma celular?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3bbda5756a484b0d95a199d706a91b8b", "input": "A 62-year-old man who went to the hospital's emergency room due to a fever of 38.3\u00baC and chills. He is tachycardic and tachypneic. Blood analysis leukocytosis with left deviation. The blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg. No murmurs are heard in cardiac auscultation and chest X-ray rules out pneumonia. As a history of interest, it refers to recurrent urinary tract infections. A week ago, the family doctor prescribed cefuroxime, a drug he is currently taking. Two blood cultures are extracted and urine is sent for examination of the sediment and microbiological culture. The sediment is pathological, with intense pyuria, but negative nitrites. At 24 hours it is reported from the microbiology laboratory that both the urine and the blood cultures submitted are positive and in them gram-positive cocci grouped in chains, pending identification and antibiogram are observed. While waiting for the final result, what would you recommend?", "output": [ "Hombre de 62 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias del hospital por presentar fiebre de 38,3\u00baC y escalofr\u00edos. Est\u00e1 taquic\u00e1rdico y taquipn\u00e9ico. Anal\u00edtica de sangre leucocitosis con desviaci\u00f3n izquierda. La presi\u00f3n arterial es de 90/60 mmHg. No se escuchan soplos en la auscultaci\u00f3n card\u00edaca y la RX de t\u00f3rax descarta una neumon\u00eda. Como historial de inter\u00e9s refiere infecciones del tracto urinario de repetici\u00f3n. Hace una semana el m\u00e9dico de cabecera le recet\u00f3 cefuroxima, f\u00e1rmaco que est\u00e1 tomando actualmente. Se le extraen dos hemocultivos y se remite orina para examen del sedimento y cultivo microbiol\u00f3gico. El sedimento es patol\u00f3gico, con intensa piuria, pero nitritos negativos. A las 24 horas se informa desde el laboratorio de microbiolog\u00eda que tanto la orina como los hemocultivos remitidos son positivos y en ellos se observa cocos grampositivos agrupados en cadenas, pendientes de identificaci\u00f3n y antibiograma. A la espera del resultado definitivo, \u00bfqu\u00e9 recomendar\u00eda usted?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8e87440421ac4414b731a93ce0418af2", "input": "What answer is CERTAIN regarding Candida albicans?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 respuesta es CIERTA respecto a Candida albicans?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6bdde069fca04629b5f47f6294c3e2a9", "input": "Which of these mycobacteria does NOT belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas micobacterias NO pertenece al complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-79002ef8a04e48d8bfdf9ab8da1ab87f", "input": "What is the most common bacterial agent of childhood-acquired pneumonia in the community?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el agente bacteriano m\u00e1s com\u00fan de la neumon\u00eda adquirida en la comunidad en la infancia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eabb4139528441fd92529180a65d12ed", "input": "Echinocandin antifungals have a mechanism of action based on", "output": [ "Los antif\u00fangicos equinocandinas poseen un mecanismo de acci\u00f3n basado en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ae74773282aa405dbb7953c52bea8e84", "input": "In relation to supraventricular tachycardias, point out the CORRECT answer", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con las taquicardias supraventriculares, se\u00f1ale la respuesta CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-15abaa9ecf874734803f73cb714f79b8", "input": "Which of the following findings is NOT found in restrictive cardiomyopathy?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes hallazgos NO se encuentra en la miocardiopat\u00eda restrictiva?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-add604a6381a41af9e14a20cd46ab3c6", "input": "An 87-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, admitted 48 hours ago to the coronary care unit due to acute myocardial infarction with elevation of ST of anterior location. Warn by dyspnea. In the exploration, a systolic murmur with thrill was observed, irradiated to the right sternal border that was not present at admission. What complication do you suspect?", "output": [ "Mujer de 87 a\u00f1os con antecedentes de hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, ingresada hace 48 horas en la unidad coronaria por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevaci\u00f3n de ST de localizaci\u00f3n anterior. Avisa por disnea. En la exploraci\u00f3n destaca soplo sist\u00f3lico con fr\u00e9mito, irradiado al borde esternal derecho que no estaba presente al ingreso. \u00bfQu\u00e9 complicaci\u00f3n sospecha usted?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9b23b5031cf64a2ba2b3ba386f9658f2", "input": "Point out the FALSE response in relation to the surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA en relaci\u00f3n al tratamiento quir\u00fargico de los aneurismas de aorta tor\u00e1cica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e770754367bd4a44bb1446dc6851e2bd", "input": "In a situation of heart failure, the heart presents different adaptive mechanisms. Which of the following is NOT correct?", "output": [ "En una situaci\u00f3n de insuficiencia cardiaca, el coraz\u00f3n presenta distintos mecanismos adaptativos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes NO es correcto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b3a63b5511d4a0382a890b11af59206", "input": "Male of 84 years of age, with chronic heart failure in functional grade II secondary to ischemic heart disease with severe non-revascularizable systolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease stage 3 (glomerular filtration 45-50 mL / min) and permanent atrial fibrillation with heart rate> 80 beats per minute. Which of the following drugs does NOT provide benefit to the patient based on the evidence currently available?", "output": [ "Hombre de 84 de edad, con insuficiencia cardiaca cr\u00f3nica en grado funcional II secundario a cardiopat\u00eda isqu\u00e9mica con disfunci\u00f3n sist\u00f3lica grave no revascularizable, enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica estadio 3 (filtrado glomerular 45-50 mL/min) y fibrilaci\u00f3n auricular permanente con frecuencia cardiaca >80 latidos por minuto. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos NO aporta beneficio al paciente seg\u00fan la evidencia disponible en la actualidad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3ee72432a0714f339033e21485a217a9", "input": "A 45-year-old man, with a history of febrile symptoms and chest pain, goes to the hospital with dyspnea and tachypnea. On physical examination, the blood pressure figures are low, the jugular venous pressure is elevated with a prominent descending sinus x and the pulse is paradoxical. What diagnosis would you suspect?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 45 a\u00f1os, con antecedentes de un cuadro febril y dolor tor\u00e1cico, acude al hospital con disnea y taquipnea. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica las cifras de presi\u00f3n arterial est\u00e1n bajas, la presi\u00f3n venosa yugular elevada con un seno x descendente prominente y tiene pulso parad\u00f3jico. \u00bfQu\u00e9 diagn\u00f3stico sospechar\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-26ea348ac3ae4a00bab24cca1c6c6a1f", "input": "The presence in the right cardiac catheterization of an average pressure of the pulmonary artery> of 25 mm Hg and a pulmonary pressure (or capillary)> of 15 mm Hg, is defining", "output": [ "La presencia en el cateterismo cardiaco derecho de una presi\u00f3n media de la arteria pulmonar > de 25 mm de Hg y una presi\u00f3n enclavada (o capilar) pulmonar > de 15 mm de Hg, es definitorio de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-45665c9e3e9d472b85678ed581a90684", "input": "The most frequent location of deep vein thrombosis is", "output": [ "La localizaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s frecuente de la trombosis venosa profunda es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-76ad3c0f28e34b83b00abc7f1bf3da91", "input": "Regarding the resection surgery of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma, indicate which technique is most used", "output": [ "Respecto a la cirug\u00eda de resecci\u00f3n del adenocarcinoma de cabeza de p\u00e1ncreas se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l es la t\u00e9cnica m\u00e1s empleada" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65a40f9bec424e62b6a253ffb361334d", "input": "A 78-year-old woman with dementia and institutionalized is brought by her caregivers for severe abdominal pain with deterioration of the general state and abdominal distension. Analytical with leukocytosis, elevated hematocrit, renal failure and metabolic acidosis. The ECG shows atrial fibrillation. Abdominal tomography detects edematous small bowel loops, with intestinal and portal pneumatosis. The most likely diagnosis is", "output": [ "Mujer de 78 a\u00f1os con demencia e institucionalizada es tra\u00edda por sus cuidadores por dolor abdominal importante con deterioro del estado general y distensi\u00f3n abdominal. Anal\u00edtica con leucocitosis, hematocrito elevado, insuficiencia renal y acidosis metab\u00f3lica. El ECG muestra fibrilaci\u00f3n auricular. La tomograf\u00eda abdominal detecta asas de intestino delgado edematizadas, con neumatosis intestinal y portal. El diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ad90f62d0a14b7681e06f59aff1a3c7", "input": "An 80-year-old woman attended the emergency department with abdominal pain that began in the epigastrium and subsequently irradiated to the left iliac fossa. It is accompanied by fever of 37.5\u00baC. An abdominal CT is performed, objectifying inflammation in the walls of the sigma and mesenteric abscess of 2 cm. The treatment of choice is", "output": [ "Mujer de 80 a\u00f1os que acude urgencias con dolor abdominal de inicio en epigastrio e irradiado posteriormente a fosa iliaca izquierda. Se acompa\u00f1a de fiebre de 37,5\u00baC. Se le realiza una TC abdominal, objetivando inflamaci\u00f3n en las paredes del sigma y absceso mesent\u00e9rico de 2 cm. El tratamiento de elecci\u00f3n es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bdeebf2e32a242d49480ec0df1ddea8e", "input": "A 52-year-old man was referred to the digestive service for symptoms of hematochezia, tenesmus and reduced diameter of the stool. A series of tests are performed, diagnosing a sigma adenocarcinoma without distant metastasis. The patient is surgically treated and referred to the medical oncology office to assess complementary chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following factors is of poor prognosis after surgical resection and should be taken into account when planning chemotherapy treatment?", "output": [ "Hombre de 52 a\u00f1os de edad derivado al servicio de digestivo por cuadro de hematoquezia, tenesmo y reducci\u00f3n del di\u00e1metro de las heces. Se realizan una serie de pruebas, diagnostic\u00e1ndose un adenocarcinoma de sigma sin met\u00e1stasis a distancia. El paciente es intervenido quir\u00fargicamente y remitido a la consulta de oncolog\u00eda m\u00e9dica para valorar tratamiento quimioter\u00e1pico complementario. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes factores es de mal pron\u00f3stico tras la resecci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica y habr\u00e1 que tener en cuenta a la hora de planificar el tratamiento de quimioterapia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eb62b5fef0794c709d70f6e8960577ce", "input": "In ulcerative colitis, what factor does NOT increase the risk of colorectal neoplasia?", "output": [ "En la colitis ulcerosa, \u00bfqu\u00e9 factor NO incrementa el riesgo de neoplasia colorrectal?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-83a64ebc156d4ada816adb9ba174e50e", "input": "A 56-year-old man, smoker and drinker, presented dysphagia mainly to solids, regurgitation and retrosternal pain. Endoscopy was performed, finding a stenosing 3 cm tumor in the distal esophagus. The biopsy is reported as an adenocarcinoma. Thoracic CT shows thickening of 2 cm in the thoracic esophagus without distant metastases. In the transesophageal ultrasound, a tumor is observed that invades the muscle, without observing mediastinal lymph nodes. What is the treatment of choice?", "output": [ "Hombre de 56 a\u00f1os, fumador y bebedor, que presenta disfagia principalmente a s\u00f3lidos, regurgitaciones y dolor retroesternal. Se le realiza endoscopia, encontrando tumoraci\u00f3n de 3 cm estenosante en es\u00f3fago distal. La biopsia es informada como adenocarcinoma. En la TC tor\u00e1cica se observa engrosamiento de 2 cm en es\u00f3fago tor\u00e1cico sin met\u00e1stasis a distancia. En la ecograf\u00eda transesof\u00e1gica se observa tumoraci\u00f3n que invade la muscular, sin observar adenopat\u00edas mediast\u00ednicas. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tratamiento de elecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9795a3c1fba4434f9200ac0947f58691", "input": "A 39-year-old woman diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus more than 20 years ago. For several months he has reported nausea, with some vomiting and abdominal distension. He has lost 6 Kg of weight. Gastroscopy normal esophagus, stomach with alimentary remains and rest of the exploration until second duodenal portion without alterations. What evidence do you think is most useful for your diagnosis?", "output": [ "Mujer de 39 a\u00f1os, diagnosticada de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 hace m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os. Desde hace varios meses refiere presentar cuadros de n\u00e1useas, con algunos v\u00f3mitos alimentarios y distensi\u00f3n abdominal. Ha perdido 6 Kg de peso. Gastroscopia es\u00f3fago normal, est\u00f3mago con restos alimentarios y resto de la exploraci\u00f3n hasta segunda porci\u00f3n duodenal sin alteraciones. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba considera que es de mayor utilidad para su diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e963318e8e944b8a1ec4005fdf7cc27", "input": "A 35-year-old man with no pathological history of interest who went to the emergency room for presenting a picture of instability after an episode of black stools such as tar. In the emergency room, arterial hypotension was observed and recovered with conventional fluid therapy. Hemoglobin on admission 8 g / dL, hematocrit 25%. In the following days it continues with mel\u00e9nic episodes and descent of the hematocrit that need the transfusion of 3 packed red blood cells. Colonoscopy and upper digestive endoscopy were performed, finding no cause of his hemorrhagic symptoms. After one week of hospital admission and the transfusion of 4 units of red blood cell concentrates, she continues with manes. The next step to follow is", "output": [ "Hombre de 35 a\u00f1os de edad sin antecedentes patol\u00f3gicos de inter\u00e9s que acude a urgencias por presentar un cuadro de inestabilidad tras un episodio de deposiciones negras como el alquitr\u00e1n. En la sala de urgencias se objetiva hipotensi\u00f3n arterial que se recupera con fluidoterapia convencional. Hemoglobina al ingreso 8 g/dL, hematocrito 25 %. En los siguientes d\u00edas contin\u00faa con episodios mel\u00e9nicos y descenso del hematocrito que necesitan la trasfusi\u00f3n de 3 concentrados de hemat\u00edes. Se practic\u00f3 colonoscopia y endoscopia digestiva alta, no encontrando causa alguna de su cuadro hemorr\u00e1gico. Tras una semana de ingreso hospitalario y la trasfusi\u00f3n de 4 unidades de concentrados de hematies contin\u00faa con melenas. El siguiente paso a seguir es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b22d7092f2e4b35ba11774bf790d12f", "input": "A 30-year-old woman, 33 weeks pregnant, who consulted for pruritus of a week of evolution. Liver tests show a slight increase in transaminase values \u200b\u200b(AST 77 IU / L and ALT 84 IU / L), as well as alkaline phosphatase (155 IU / L) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (125 IU / L), with a Total bilirubin figure of 2.3 mg / dL. The hemogram and the coagulation study are normal, the abdominal ultrasound shows no hepatic or biliary abnormalities and the hepatitis virus serology, as well as the autoantibodies are negative. Which of the following attitudes is correct?", "output": [ "Mujer de 30 a\u00f1os de edad, embarazada de 33 semanas, que consulta por prurito de una semana de evoluci\u00f3n. Las pruebas hep\u00e1ticas muestran un leve incremento en los valores de transaminasas (AST 77 UI/L y ALT 84 UI/L), as\u00ed como de fosfatasa alcalina (155 UI/L) y gammaglutamil-transpeptidasa (125 UI/L), con una cifra de bilirrubina total de 2,3 mg/dL. El hemograma y el estudio de coagulaci\u00f3n son normales, la ecograf\u00eda abdominal no muestra alteraciones hep\u00e1ticas ni biliares y la serolog\u00eda de virus de hepatitis, as\u00ed como los autoanticuerpos son negativos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actitudes es la correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7273070c9c8a441db4907d8859e7b8a0", "input": "A 67-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis followed up by the hepatology service is diagnosed with a hepatocellular carcinoma of 3 cm in diameter located in the left lobe, segment 3. Subjected to a study to assess the treatment to be followed, it is shown that the patient does not have Portal hypertension has a normal hepatic function, a MELD score of 7 and a Child-Pugh grade A. The alpha-fetoprotein is less than 50 ng / mL and no distant metastasis has been observed. What is the most indicated treatment in this patient?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 67 a\u00f1os con cirrosis alcoh\u00f3lica en seguimiento por el servicio de hepatolog\u00eda es diagnosticado de un hepatocarcinoma de 3 cm de di\u00e1metro localizado en el l\u00f3bulo izquierdo, segmento 3. Sometido a estudio para valoraci\u00f3n del tratamiento a seguir se demuestra que el paciente no tiene hipertensi\u00f3n portal, presenta una funci\u00f3n hep\u00e1tica normal un MELD score de 7 y un Child-Pugh grado A. La alfa-fetoprote\u00edna es inferior a 50 ng/mL y no se han objetivado met\u00e1stasis a distancia. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tratamiento m\u00e1s indicado en este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0882f65f5f374b9db4f9ad648bd67bc9", "input": "A 24-year-old man with chronic iron deficiency anemia of unknown origin, with ileocolonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy without lesions. An endoscopic capsule study was performed observing isolated ulcers at the level of the distal jejunum. In which of the following diseases are these injuries?", "output": [ "Joven de 24 a\u00f1os que presenta anemia ferrop\u00e9nica cr\u00f3nica de origen no filiado, con ileocolonoscopia y esofagogastroduodenoscopia sin lesiones. Se realiza estudio con c\u00e1psula endosc\u00f3pica observando \u00falceras aisladas a nivel de yeyuno distal. \u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes enfermedades se encuentran estas lesiones?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-27b7dbfb00f4484ea591a838a2697204", "input": "In irritable bowel syndrome, it is true that", "output": [ "En el s\u00edndrome de colon irritable, es cierto que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b4fec1faed994241a731c6f4a7674207", "input": "Which statement about pancreatic cancer is correct?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n sobre el c\u00e1ncer de p\u00e1ncreas es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-337fb91068124c2ea811315c8ee19d46", "input": "What is the treatment of choice for a 38-year-old man diagnosed with Cushing's disease in relation to a pituitary macroadenoma 22 mm in diameter?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tratamiento de elecci\u00f3n de un hombre de 38 a\u00f1os diagnosticado de enfermedad de Cushing en relaci\u00f3n con un macroadenoma hipofisario de 22 mm de di\u00e1metro?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-578b51528c714a74ab1a4f2aabc3d0e2", "input": "A 55-year-old woman, type 2 diabetic and obese, on treatment with metformin, with 8% Hb A1c, tells a story of recurrent urinary tract infections. Which of the following therapeutic options to associate with metformin considers the LESS adequate?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 55 a\u00f1os, diab\u00e9tica tipo 2 y obesa, en tratamiento con metformina, con Hb A1c de 8%, cuenta historia de infecciones urinarias de repetici\u00f3n. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes opciones terap\u00e9uticas para asociar a la metformina considera la MENOS adecuada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-06a8337d0bcb4d1bbe78d3203ea2ede6", "input": "Which of the following drugs has been shown to be effective in reducing fibrosis in a patient with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos se ha demostrado eficaz en la reducci\u00f3n de la fibrosis en paciente con esteatohepatitis no alcoh\u00f3lica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-67adec27423f4101a60657389b410662", "input": "A 27-year-old woman consulted for presenting secondary amenorrhea of \u200b\u200bone year of evolution. It does not refer to yatrogenic antecedents. Analytically, the estradiol concentration is lower than normal and the prolactin value is 12 ng / mL. Indicate which of the explorations cited below would request as a first step to try to identify the origin of the disorder", "output": [ "Una mujer de 27 a\u00f1os de edad consulta por presentar amenorrea secundaria de un a\u00f1o de evoluci\u00f3n. No refiere antecedentes yatrog\u00e9nicos. Anal\u00edticamente, la concentraci\u00f3n de estradiol es inferior a la normalidad y el valor de prolactina es de 12 ng/mL. Indique cu\u00e1l de las exploraciones que se citan a continuaci\u00f3n solicitar\u00eda como primera medida para tratar de filiar el origen del trastorno" ] }, { "id": "task1432-373452c5a639444a926adb96f16c5565", "input": "A 34-year-old woman admitted for a polyuria and polydipsia study. In the first 24 hours of admission, a diuresis of 8.2 liters was observed and an analytical sample was obtained showing a glycemia of 96 mg / dL, natremia of 148 mEq / L and plasma osmolality of 309 mOsm / kg with urinary osmolality of 89 mOsm / kg. What diagnostic test should be done next?", "output": [ "Mujer de 34 a\u00f1os que ingresa para estudio de poliuria y polidipsia. En las primeras 24 horas de ingreso se constata una diuresis de 8,2 litros y se obtiene una anal\u00edtica que muestra una glicemia de 96 mg/dL, natremia de 148 mEq/L y osmolalidad plasm\u00e1tica de 309 mOsm/kg con osmolalidad urinaria de 89 mOsm/kg. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba diagn\u00f3stica debe realizarse a continuaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1518390869554959bb75c5d99cc67844", "input": "A 73-year-old patient presented complete neurological dysphagia in the swallowing test, secondary to a cadioembolic stroke in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery. You will need long-term nutritional support. Of the following treatment modalities, which one do you consider most appropriate for this case?", "output": [ "Un paciente de 73 a\u00f1os presenta en el test de degluci\u00f3n una disfagia neurol\u00f3gica completa, secundaria a un ictus cadioemb\u00f3lico en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media izquierda. Va a precisar apoyo nutricional a largo plazo. De las siguientes modalidades de tratamiento, \u00bfcu\u00e1l considera m\u00e1s indicada para este caso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-af02de1325144d23b0a127ecd7963e67", "input": "A 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with confusional symptoms accompanied by dysphonia. On examination, the patient had a palpable mass in the neck and in the blood analysis plasma levels of 15 mg / dL (normal up to 10.2 mg / dL). Given these findings, which of the following diagnoses should be suspected?", "output": [ "Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os de edad que acude al servicio de urgencias por cuadro confusional que se acompa\u00f1a de disfon\u00eda. A la exploraci\u00f3n presenta masa palpable en el cuello y en el an\u00e1lisis de sangre cifras de calcio plasm\u00e1tico de 15 mg/dL (normal hasta 10,2 mg/dL). Ante estos hallazgos, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguiente diagn\u00f3sticos debe sospecharse?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f512535bfa364033a3c8e40396e8e25d", "input": "64 year old woman Menopause at 54 years old. Two pregnancies and eutocic births. He does not take any medication. He goes to the emergency department referring vaginal bleeding of two days with discomfort in hypogastrium. The clinical examination performed by the gynecologist does not object to injuries in the external genitalia, vagina or cervix. The vaginal touch is not conclusive. Which of the following behaviors seems the most appropriate as the first diagnostic approach?", "output": [ "Mujer de 64 a\u00f1os. Menopausia a los 54 a\u00f1os. Dos embarazos y partos eut\u00f3cicos. No toma ninguna medicaci\u00f3n. Acude al servicio de urgencias referiendo sangrado vaginal de dos d\u00edas de duraci\u00f3n con molestias en hipogastrio. La exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica realizada por el ginec\u00f3logo no objetiva lesiones en genitales externos, vagina ni c\u00e9rvix. El tacto vaginal no es concluyente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes conductas le parece m\u00e1s adecuada como primera aproximaci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-01ddb3ab00d641dd8ec8e301a740d54f", "input": "A 24-year-old woman complained of low abdominal pain of two weeks evolution that has worsened with the last sexual intercourse. He refers to having a recent partner with whom he only occasionally uses a condom. The examination presents regular general condition. T\u00ba of 38.6\u00baC, leucocytes 16,000 / uL (85% neutrophils); PCR 30 mg / L. The speculum examination evidences abundant abnormal vaginal discharge and painful cervical mobilization. Indicate the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Mujer de 24 a\u00f1os consulta por dolor abdominal bajo de dos semanas de evoluci\u00f3n que ha empeorado con la \u00faltima relaci\u00f3n sexual. Refiere tener pareja reciente con la que s\u00f3lo ocasionalmente utiliza preservativo. A la exploraci\u00f3n presenta regular estado general. T\u00aa de 38,6\u00baC, leucocitos 16.000/uL (85% neutr\u00f3filos); PCR 30 mg/L. La exploraci\u00f3n con esp\u00e9culo evidencia flujo vaginal anormal abundante y movilizaci\u00f3n cervical dolorosa. Indique la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5c0331af6a0a42d6af0324fef4143168", "input": "A 21-year-old woman presented with a hormonal study with FSH 0.29 mUI / mL (normal in the follicular phase = 3.50-12.50 mUI / mL) and LH <0.1 mUI / mL (normal follicular phase 2.40-12.60 mUI / mL). We must perform a differential diagnosis between the following clinical situations EXCEPT", "output": [ "Mujer de 21 a\u00f1os de edad que acude a consulta aportando un estudio hormonal con FSH 0,29 mUI/mL (normal en fase folicular = 3,50-12,50 mUI/mL) y LH < 0,1 mUI/mL (normal en fase folicular 2,40-12,60 mUI/mL). Deberemos realizar un diagn\u00f3stico diferencial entre las siguiente situaciones cl\u00ednicas EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f89d1a912eb14e3f85ea3e3ddf657734", "input": "Regarding urinary incontinence, point out the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Respecto a la incontinencia de orina se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a5dbfd09d57c47d2a1df6dc90532a506", "input": "A 34-year-old woman consulted for recurrent co-surgery. It provides a cytology with a high-grade intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL). Subsequently, colposcopy and biopsy are performed on a mosaic area and the histology tells us of a focus of invasive squamous carcinoma of 2 mm in length. Which therapeutic option is the most appropriate for this patient?", "output": [ "Mujer de 34 a\u00f1os de edad que consulta por coitorragias de repetici\u00f3n. Aporta una citolog\u00eda con una lesi\u00f3n intraepitelial de alto grado (H-SIL). Posteriormente se realiza colposcopia y biopsia sobre una zona de mosaico y la histolog\u00eda nos habla de un foco de carcinoma escamoso invasor de 2 mm de longitud. \u00bfQu\u00e9 opci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica es la m\u00e1s adecuada para esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6c8954bf011a449cb0013cdac59fbfbb", "input": "A 64-year-old woman with no relevant comorbidities was operated on for a right breast cancer through an enlarged lumpectomy and selective sentinel node biopsy, with the following pathological result poorly differentiated infiltrative ductal carcinoma (grade 3), size 2.2 cm ( pT2), positive estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki67 25%, HER2 negative. It presents macroscopic involvement of the sentinel lymph node, although there is no involvement of the rest of isolated axillary lymph nodes (pN1). What adjuvant systemic treatment do you consider most appropriate for this patient?", "output": [ "Mujer de 64 a\u00f1os, sin comorbilidades relevantes, intervenida de un c\u00e1ncer de mama derecha mediante una tumorectom\u00eda ampliada y biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela, con el siguiente resultado anatomopatol\u00f3gico carcinoma ductal infiltrante pobremente diferenciado (grado 3), tama\u00f1o de 2,2 cm (pT2), receptores de estr\u00f3genos y progesterona positivos, Ki67 25%, HER2 negativo. Presenta afectaci\u00f3n macrosc\u00f3pica del ganglio centinela, aunque no hay afectaci\u00f3n del resto de ganglios axilares aislados (pN1). \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento sist\u00e9mico adyuvante considera m\u00e1s adecuado para esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-781cf7e3c0d440d99a9d7c48e03d31e4", "input": "Which of the following is NOT a movement in the head delivery mechanism?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes NO es un movimiento en el mecanismo de parto de cabeza?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-77605983bd0c4e38a78520d0bbe5ec68", "input": "A 36-year-old woman who attended the clinic for having suffered three spontaneous abortions in the first trimester. He has not had any pregnancy to term. Among the studies that you will request in the first place, the following is NOT included", "output": [ "Mujer de 36 a\u00f1os que acude a la consulta por haber sufrido tres abortos espont\u00e1neos en el primer trimestre. No ha tenido ning\u00fan embarazo a t\u00e9rmino. Entre los estudios que solicitar\u00e1 en primer t\u00e9rmino, NO se incluye" ] }, { "id": "task1432-92e927610c3b4834b6abf8168a095503", "input": "Which of the following is the sequence of measures CORRECT to a postpartum hemorrhage?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es la secuencia de medidas CORRECTA ante una hemorragia postparto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3f4a2ff2894f404aa3a2678ae54882bd", "input": "40-year-old woman who consults for anemia. In the analytical highlights Hb 10.5 g / dL, iron deficiency, macrocytosis and hypergastrinemia. He has a history of lupus arthropathy and Graves Basedow's disease. It is being treated with prednisone 15 mg / d, colchicine 0.5 mg every 12 h and methimazole 10 mg / d. What do you consider the most likely cause of anemia?", "output": [ "Mujer de 40 a\u00f1os que consulta por anemia. En la anal\u00edtica destaca Hb 10,5 g/dL, ferropenia, macrocitosis e hipergastrinemia.Tiene antecedentes artropat\u00eda l\u00fapica y enfermedad de Graves Basedow. Est\u00e1 en tratamiento con prednisona 15 mg/d, colchicina 0,5 mg cada 12 h y metimazol 10 mg/d. \u00bfCu\u00e1l considera la causa m\u00e1s probable de la anemia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f7ca45db08df4bbe9c171c6ab83b1884", "input": "A 32-year-old woman consulted because she wanted to get pregnant and reported a history of a lung embolism episode 7 years earlier while taking oral contraceptives. Treatment was performed with acenocoumarol for 6 months. The thrombophilia study was negative. Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis is advised in case you become pregnant. Point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Una mujer de 32 a\u00f1os de edad consulta porque desea quedar embarazada y refiere antecedentes de episodio de embolia de pulm\u00f3n 7 a\u00f1os antes mientras estaba tomando anticonceptivos orales. Se realiz\u00f3 tratamiento con acenocumarol durante 6 meses. El estudio de trombofilia fue negativo. Se aconseja realizar profilaxis de trombosis venosa en el caso de que quede embarazada. Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e12c1f99ecd74946b32cd877afb0f190", "input": "Regarding anticoagulant treatment, indicate the FALSE response", "output": [ "Respecto al tratamiento anticoagulante indique la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-28463ba8827742c08deb39c951588eb7", "input": "A 64-year-old woman with a history of bilateral carpal tunnel. In the last months it presents a picture of asthenia and progressive dyspnea, until making small efforts. In the analytical one stands out a pro-BNP of 2,500 pg / mL, as well as the existence of a monoclonal component (positive immunofixation for lambda chains) in serum of 0.4 g / dL. The levels of kappa and lambda free light chains are 1.2 and 67.8 mg / dL, respectively. A sternal puncture is performed, observing a medullary plasmacytosis of 6%. Absence of lytic lesions in CT of the entire skeleton. What is the diagnosis of suspicion and the initial diagnostic test for confirmation?", "output": [ "Mujer de 64 a\u00f1os, con antecedente de t\u00fanel carpiano bilateral. Presenta en los \u00faltimos meses un cuadro de astenia y disnea progresiva, hasta hacerse de peque\u00f1os esfuerzos. En la anal\u00edtica destaca un pro-BNP de 2.500 pg/mL, as\u00ed como la existencia de un componente monoclonal (inmunofijaci\u00f3n positiva para cadenas lambda) en suero de 0,4 g/dL. Los niveles de cadenas ligeras libres kappa y lambda son 1,2 y 67,8 mg/dL, respectivamente. Se realiza una punci\u00f3n esternal observ\u00e1ndose una plasmocitosis medular del 6%. Ausencia de lesiones l\u00edticas en TC de esqueleto entero. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha y la prueba diagn\u00f3stica inicial para su confirmaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-84e42f27e58b4c5090f0f6c96a665a90", "input": "A 23-year-old girl is referred by her obstetrician for the study of thrombocytopenia. Her platelets in the first prenatal evaluation a month ago were 42,000 / uL. She is 16 weeks pregnant and does not report hemorrhagic manifestations. Physical examination is normal. Hemogram leukocytes 8,500 / uL, Hb 12 g / dL, platelets 51,000 / uL. The revision of the blood smear reveals platelets in accumulations. What is the diagnostic suspicion?", "output": [ "Una joven de 23 a\u00f1os es referida por su obstetra para estudio de trombocitopenia. Sus plaquetas en la primera evaluaci\u00f3n prenatal hace un mes fueron de 42.000/uL. Est\u00e1 embarazada de 16 semanas y no refiere manifestaciones hemorr\u00e1gicas. La exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica es normal. Hemograma leucocitos 8.500/uL, Hb 12 g/dL, plaquetas 51.000/uL. La revisi\u00f3n del frotis sangu\u00edneo revela plaquetas en ac\u00famulos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la sospecha diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-30721da935244bfe99e2beafcdc2f957", "input": "With regard to the hematopoietic progenitor transplant, point out the FALSE statement", "output": [ "Con respecto al trasplante de progenitores hematopoy\u00e9ticos se\u00f1ale la afirmaci\u00f3n FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea2eab11f26f4f5fa5e7d86c8aee0060", "input": "A 34-year-old man who consulted in the emergency department for dysuria and burning in the urethral meatus, with the presence of a thick and thick discharge that exits through the meatus for 3 days. Which of the following answers is FALSE?", "output": [ "Hombre de 34 a\u00f1os que consulta en el servicio de urgencias por disuria y quemaz\u00f3n en el meato uretral, con presencia de una secreci\u00f3n blaquecina y espesa que sale a trav\u00e9s del meato desde hace 3 d\u00edas. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes respuestas es FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-13847e4b99a548c093d31da3760d0b2c", "input": "A 65-year-old woman underwent haematopoietic precursor transplant 30 days ago and severe neutropenia. It begins with cough and expectoration hemoptica in addition to fever and dyspnea of \u200b\u200bmoderate efforts that does not improve despite five days of treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate (875/125 mg / 8 h) and levofloxacin (500 mg / 12 h). Thoracic radiographs show multiple poorly defined pulmonary nodules, some of them cavitated. Among the following, what is the most likely suspected diagnosis?", "output": [ "Mujer de 65 a\u00f1os, sometida a trasplante de precursores hematopoy\u00e9ticos hace 30 d\u00edas y neutropenia grave. Comienza con tos y expectoraci\u00f3n hemoptoica adem\u00e1s de fiebre y disnea de moderados esfuerzos que no mejora a pesar de cinco d\u00edas de tratamiento con amoxicilinaclavul\u00e1nico (875/125 mg/8 h) y levofloxacino (500 mg/12 h). En la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax se observan m\u00faltiples n\u00f3dulos pulmonares mal definidos, alguno de ellos cavitado. De entre los siguientes, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1571c3921bdf418ba88575c909e62e5c", "input": "A 38-year-old man visited the emergency room due to fever above 39\u00baC and a deterioration in his level of consciousness after having made a trip to Equatorial Guinea without antimalarial prophylaxis. In the analytical highlights creatinine of 3.4 mg / dL, AST 764 U / L, ALT 678 U / L. The laboratory reports the visualization in blood of a Plasmodium falciparum with a parasitemia level of 6%. What treatment would you establish at this time?", "output": [ "Hombre de 38 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias por cuadro de fiebre por encima de 39\u00baC y deterioro del nivel de conciencia tras haber realizado un viaje a Guinea Ecuatorial sin profilaxis antimal\u00e1rica. En la anal\u00edtica destaca creatinina de 3,4 mg/dL, AST 764 U/L, ALT 678 U/L. El laboratorio informa de la visualizaci\u00f3n en sangre de un Plasmodium falciparum con un nivel de parasitemia del 6%. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento instaurar\u00eda en este momento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e8c988a41869430ebea5264f5de4c043", "input": "An 85-year-old man with a peripheral venous catheter who, one week after being hospitalized due to a stroke, begins with shivering and fever. Blood cultures are performed and from microbiology it is reported that gram positive cocci are growing in clusters. Pending the antibiogram, what is the most appropriate antibiotic treatment?", "output": [ "Hombre de 85 a\u00f1os portador de cat\u00e9ter venoso perif\u00e9rico que, una semana despu\u00e9s de estar hospitalizado por un ictus, comienza con tiritona y fiebre. Se realizan hemocultivos y desde microbiolog\u00eda se informa que est\u00e1n creciendo cocos gram positivos en racimos. En espera del antibiograma, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el tratamiento antibi\u00f3tico m\u00e1s adecuado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a72047e53954ad3a8807b1b553f2114", "input": "Luis is a 25-year-old boy who suffered splenectomy after a bicycle accident 1 year ago. He has a dog that bit him 24 hours ago and a small wound on his right hand. Go to your health center (located 3 hours from the nearest hospital) for fever of 39 \u00ba C, pain in the wound and malaise. On examination PA 100/60 mm Hg, HR 110 beats per minute, slight inflammation in the wound without pus. Which of the following actions is more indicated at this time?", "output": [ "Luis es un joven de 25 a\u00f1os que sufri\u00f3 esplenectom\u00eda tras accidente de bicicleta hace 1 a\u00f1o. Tiene un perro que le mordi\u00f3 hace 24 horas y le ha producido una peque\u00f1a herida en la mano derecha. Acude a su centro de salud (situado a 3 horas del hospital m\u00e1s cercano) por fiebre de 39\u00baC, dolor en la herida y malestar general. A la exploraci\u00f3n PA 100/60 mm Hg, FC 110 latidos por minuto, ligera inflamaci\u00f3n en la herida sin pus. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actuaciones est\u00e1 m\u00e1s indicada en este momento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e13c6d08200a4ebeaed93ad767b78080", "input": "A 38-year-old woman of veterinary profession, in charge of the surveillance of wild animals and helping with domestic livestock. It begins with a picture of high fever with chills, headache, myalgias and nonproductive cough that it interprets as a flu process. He comes because of chest pain. Chest radiography revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in lower fields. A serological test is performed with elevation of antibody titers against antigens in phase II. Which of the following statements is true?", "output": [ "Mujer de 38 a\u00f1os de edad de profesi\u00f3n veterinaria, encargada de la vigilancia de animales salvajes y de ayudar a partos de ganado dom\u00e9stico. Comienza con un cuadro de fiebre alta con escalofr\u00edos, cefalea, mialgias y tos no productiva que interpreta como un proceso gripal. Acude por presentar dolor tor\u00e1cico. En la radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax se objetivan infiltrados pulmonares bilaterales en campos inferiores. Se realiza una prueba serol\u00f3gica con elevaci\u00f3n de t\u00edtulos de anticuerpos frente a ant\u00edgenos en fase II. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es CIERTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-be3aed9cfdc44d2ba302141e2f842d1a", "input": "What is the current standard guideline in our setting for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la pauta est\u00e1ndar actual, en nuestro medio, de tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5c24766c342145e294444c98a2e4b91c", "input": "A 45-year-old man consulted for productive cough, pleuritic pain on his right side and fever of 48 hours of evolution. A basal O2 saturation of 88% and rales on the right base were observed. The chest X-ray shows a right basal consolidation. Have a history of HIV infection well controlled with antiretrovirals (CD4 cells 550 cells / uL and undetectable HIV viral load). Which of the empirical antimicrobial treatments listed below seems more appropriate?", "output": [ "Hombre de 45 a\u00f1os que consulta por tos productiva, dolor pleur\u00edtico en costado derecho y fiebre de 48 h de evoluci\u00f3n. Se aprecia una saturaci\u00f3n basal de O2 del 88% y estertores en base derecha. La RX de t\u00f3rax muestra una consolidaci\u00f3n basal derecha. Tiene antecedentes de infecci\u00f3n por VIH bien controlada con antirretrovirales (linfocitos CD4 550 cel/uL y carga viral de VIH indectectable). \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los tratamientos antimicrobianos emp\u00edricos que se citan a continuaci\u00f3n le parece m\u00e1s adecuado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2433ed0894144db8b5c81c5f267f5a1e", "input": "With regard to infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Con respecto a la infecci\u00f3n por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b787e4e7919b4c3daab602f89ed80f7d", "input": "A 65-year-old woman who visited her dentist for pain in the right mandibular body and ulcerated lesion in the oral mucosa with exposure of bone over a rubbing area due to her dental prosthesis, which had lasted three months. Her background includes a vertebral fracture due to osteoporosis 5 years ago, smoker of a pack of cigarettes a day, type 2 diabetes for 15 years, polymyalgia rheumatica in oral steroid treatment (5 mg of prednisone daily for 5 years) and neoplasia of Right breast treated 5 years ago with surgery and local radiotherapy. The patient has been treated with denosumab for 5 years. What is the most likely clinical diagnosis?", "output": [ "Mujer de 65 a\u00f1os que acude a su odont\u00f3logo por dolor en cuerpo mandibular derecho y lesi\u00f3n ulcerada en mucosa oral con exposici\u00f3n de hueso sobre una zona de roce por su pr\u00f3tesis dental, de tres meses de evoluci\u00f3n. Entre sus antecedentes destaca una fractura vertebral por osteoporosis hace 5 a\u00f1os, fumadora de un paquete de cigarrillos al d\u00eda, diabetes tipo 2 desde hace 15 a\u00f1os, polimialgia reum\u00e1tica en tratamiento esteroideo oral (5 mg de prednisona diariamente desde hace 5 a\u00f1os) y neoplasia de mama derecha tratada hace 5 a\u00f1os con cirug\u00eda y radioterapia local. La paciente recibe tratamiento con denosumab desde hace 5 a\u00f1os. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico cl\u00ednico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-690defa1c6104afdad126721a36ebcaf", "input": "In which of the following lesions of the jaws does the treatment require a partial or marginal resection, since simple enucleation or curettage of it is not enough to eradicate it?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes lesiones de los maxilares el tratamiento exige realizar una resecci\u00f3n parcial o marginal, ya que la simple enucleaci\u00f3n o curetaje de la misma NO es suficiente para erradicarla?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-df1eb76c70e040f2a0213129bed596ea", "input": "What result would acupuncture offer with a 500 Hz tuning fork, in an idiopathic right ear deafness?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 resultado ofrecer\u00eda la acumetr\u00eda con un diapas\u00f3n de 500 Hz, en una sordera brusca idiop\u00e1tica del o\u00eddo derecho?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b79b15cdfa8b450993df5e8b29e6f877", "input": "A 47-year-old man, with a history of a right parotid pleomorphic adenoma, treated with surgery (extrafacial parotidectomy) 6 months ago, who came to our clinic because he presented pain during the mastication with sweating and reddening of the skin of the preauricular region. What treatment would be the one of choice?", "output": [ "Hombre de 47 a\u00f1os, con antecedente de un adenoma pleomorfo parot\u00eddeo derecho, tratado con cirug\u00eda (parotidectom\u00eda extrafacial) hace 6 meses, que acude a nuestra consulta por presentar durante la masticaci\u00f3n dolor con sudoraci\u00f3n y enrojecimiento de la piel de la regi\u00f3n preauricular. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento ser\u00eda el de elecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7170f048d14e482e9485c05af4660c7f", "input": "Considering that the pathophysiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is cupulolithiasis, what treatment would it indicate in a patient in whom the symptoms persist after two weeks?", "output": [ "Considerando que la fisiopatolog\u00eda del v\u00e9rtigo posicional parox\u00edstico benigno es la cupulolitiasis, \u00bfqu\u00e9 tratamiento indicar\u00eda en un paciente en el que los s\u00edntomas persisten pasadas dos semanas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b002441a66249a3a61549a42e691e61", "input": "We will suspect acute renal failure of pre-renal origin in the presence of", "output": [ "Sospecharemos insuficiencia renal aguda de origen pre-renal en presencia de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a66cf148ff9c4f778913478258ec6cba", "input": "The most characteristic association of metabolic alterations that we can find in the presence of chronic renal failure in advanced stages is", "output": [ "La asociaci\u00f3n de alteraciones metab\u00f3licas m\u00e1s caracter\u00edstica que podemos encontrar en presencia de insuficiencia renal cr\u00f3nica en estadios avanzados es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dff4aa0322834317b8f7e3f877f115ab", "input": "A 28-year-old man presented to the emergency department of the hospital due to gross hematuria. Which of the following alterations in urinalysis would support the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?", "output": [ "Hombre de 28 a\u00f1os de edad que acude a urgencias del hospital por presentar hematuria macrosc\u00f3pica. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes alteraciones en el an\u00e1lisis de orina apoyar\u00eda el diagn\u00f3stico de glomerulonefritis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-306c65fa692c4027b4e1179f0464518a", "input": "Man of 25 years with no known background of interest. It takes 2 months with foamy and loaded urine, without other symptoms. Physical exploration without findings. Elemental urine pH 5; glucose -; hemoglobin ++; proteins ++; leukocyte esterase -; proteinuria 1.5 g / 24 hours; Urinary Na 60 mEq / L; Urinary K 30 mEq / L; Urinary Cl 100 mEq / L. Blood biochemistry creatinine 1.6 mg / dL; urea 80 mg / dL; Na 140 mEq / L; K 3.8 mEq / L. Immunological study negative antiDNA; ANCA negative; antiMBG negative; negative rheumatoid factor; C3 20 mg / dL (normal 60-120); C4 10 mg / dL (normal 20-40). Renal biopsy is performed. Which of these diagnoses do you think is most likely to be found in the biopsy?", "output": [ "Hombre de 25 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes conocidos de inter\u00e9s. Lleva 2 meses con orinas espumosas y cargadas, sin otra sintomatolog\u00eda. Exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica sin hallazgos. Orina elemental pH 5; glucosa -; hemoglobina ++; proteinas ++; esterasa leucocitaria -; proteinuria 1,5 g/24 horas; Na urinario 60 mEq/L; K urinario 30 mEq/L; Cl urinario 100 mEq/L. Bioqu\u00edmica sangu\u00ednea creatinina 1,6 mg/dL; urea 80 mg/dL; Na 140 mEq/L; K 3,8 mEq/L. Estudio inmunol\u00f3gico antiDNA negativo; ANCA negativo; antiMBG negativo; factor reumatoide negativo; C3 20 mg/dL (normal 60-120); C4 10 mg/dL (normal 20-40). Se realiza biopsia renal. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos diagn\u00f3sticos le parece m\u00e1s probable encontrar en la biopsia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c8430049a05b416790c7fcf32663ce38", "input": "Which of the following is the most common form of presentation of lithium nephropathy?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es la forma m\u00e1s frecuente de presentaci\u00f3n de la nefropat\u00eda por litio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4ddfec56391c4248914d9a4454e42cdf", "input": "A 55-year-old man who underwent a kidney transplant 24 hours ago. It begins with hematuria and subsequently with a sudden cessation of diuresis. What imaging test is indicated to clarify the diagnosis?", "output": [ "Hombre de 55 a\u00f1os al que hace 24 horas se le ha realizado un trasplante renal. Comienza con hematuria y posteriormente con un cese brusco de la diuresis. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba de imagen es la indicada para aclarar el diagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-17857e3dc77f4133bc693782d10662c9", "input": "A 55-year-old diabetic man with good glycemic control who came for erectile dysfunction of 3 years of evolution, of slow onset. In the treatment of erectile dysfunction, etiological causes should be initially treated, lifestyles should be modified that favor erectile dysfunction and identify the needs and expectations of the patient and his partner. What should be the complementary treatment to consider?", "output": [ "Hombre de 55 a\u00f1os diab\u00e9tico con buen control gluc\u00e9mico que acude por disfunci\u00f3n er\u00e9ctil de 3 a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n, de inicio lento. En el tratamiento de la disfunci\u00f3n er\u00e9ctil inicialmente se deben tratar las causas etiol\u00f3gicas, modificar estilos de vida que favorecen la disfunci\u00f3n er\u00e9ctil e identificar las necesidades y expectativas del paciente y de su pareja. \u00bfCu\u00e1l deber\u00eda ser el tratamiento complementario a considerar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d77ec1b1ced4438f92396c3caa62e6cb", "input": "A 63-year-old man with no family history of prostatic carcinoma consulted for mild obstructive voiding symptoms. It provides a determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) less than 1 ng / mL. In rectal examination, a hardened and fixed area of \u200b\u200bhalf a centimeter is seen in a prostatic lobe. In this case, the correct attitude is", "output": [ "Hombre de 63 a\u00f1os, sin antecedentes familiares de carcinoma prost\u00e1tico, que consulta por leve sintomatolog\u00eda miccional obstructiva. Aporta una determinaci\u00f3n de ant\u00edgeno prost\u00e1tico espec\u00edfico (PSA) menor de 1 ng/mL. En el tacto rectal se aprecia una zona endurecida y fija de medio cent\u00edmetro, en un l\u00f3bulo prost\u00e1tico. Ante este caso, la actitud correcta es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-900d3187b0d947b0a099afb87601ba74", "input": "Two-year-old girl diagnosed with grade II unilateral vesicoureteral reflux (reflux to the ureter, pelvis and calyces without dilation of the urinary tract and normal papillary morphology). What is the most appropriate treatment at the beginning of this pathology?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1a de dos a\u00f1os diagnosticada de reflujo vesicoureteral unilateral grado II (reflujo al ur\u00e9ter, pelvis y c\u00e1lices sin dilataci\u00f3n de la v\u00eda urinaria y morfolog\u00eda papilar normal). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tratamiento m\u00e1s adecuado de inicio ante esta patolog\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6a196169a70548d2905b694ba8f03ae6", "input": "A 35-year-old man visited the emergency room for a 48-hour history of fever of 39\u00baC, shivering, poor general condition, frequency, dysuria, bladder tenesmus and perianal pain. In the analytical sample, it showed creatinine values \u200b\u200bof 0.9 mg / dL, procalcitonin of 1.5 ng / mL, leukocytes of 20,000 / uL and PSA of 45 ng / mL. What is the attitude to follow in this patient?", "output": [ "Hombre de 35 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias por cuadro de 48 horas de evoluci\u00f3n de fiebre de 39\u00baC, tiritona, mal estado general, polaquiuria, disuria, tenesmo vesical y dolor perianal. En la anal\u00edtica presenta valores de creatinina de 0,9 mg/dL, procalcitonina de 1,5 ng/mL, leucocitos de 20.000/uL y PSA de 45 ng/mL. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud a seguir en este paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5f47ff6d31e94b14a0daa9613d5c9870", "input": "A woman goes to the emergency room three days after being subjected to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on a calculation of 2.1 cm maximum diameter located in the left kidney. He presented poor general condition, pain in the left renal fossa, nausea and fever of 39.2\u00baC. Simple Rx is performed in which several small calculi are seen in the area of \u200b\u200bthe left distal ureter. The radiologist informs us that on ultrasound he observes the existence of left pyelocalicial grade II dilatation. The next step should be", "output": [ "Una mujer acude a urgencias tres d\u00edas despu\u00e9s de ser sometido a litotricia extracorp\u00f3rea por ondas de choque sobre un c\u00e1lculo de 2,1 cm de di\u00e1metro m\u00e1ximo situado en el ri\u00f1\u00f3n izquierdo. Presenta mal estado general, dolor en fosa renal izquierda, n\u00e1useas y fiebre de 39,2\u00baC. Se realiza Rx simple en la que se aprecian varios c\u00e1lculos, de peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o, en el \u00e1rea del ur\u00e9ter distal izquierdo. El radi\u00f3logo nos informa de que en la ecograf\u00eda observa la existencia de dilataci\u00f3n grado II pielocalicial izquierda. El siguiente paso debe ser" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6f7b52d030184b7e974ae1f87c53515c", "input": "A 29-year-old woman with persistent moderate asthma well controlled with fluticasone / salmeterol every 12 hours and terbutaline on demand discovers that she is 5 weeks pregnant. Which attitude is the most correct?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 29 a\u00f1os con asma moderada persistente bien controlada con fluticasona/salmeterol cada 12 horas y terbutalina a demanda descubre que est\u00e1 embarazada de 5 semanas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 actitud es la m\u00e1s correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b104077b9d244fc198de697019c30f98", "input": "A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by the emergency service after a car accident with the result of 2 deaths and she is the only survivor. Upon arrival at our center, the patient is under orotracheal intubation and hemodynamically stable. The physical examination reveals multiple blunt injuries throughout the body, bleeding on the sheet on the scalp, and slight generalized bilateral hypophonosis. Normal cardiac auscultation. Abdomen soft and depressible without signs of peritonism. Rest of physical exploration by normal appliances. It was decided to perform cranio-cervico-thoracic-abdominal-pelvic CT. What radiological finding would NOT be compatible with a ruptured aorta?", "output": [ "Mujer de 23 a\u00f1os de edad que es tra\u00edda a urgencias por el servicio de emergencias extrahospitalario tras accidente de tr\u00e1fico con el resultado de 2 muertos y ella la \u00fanica superviviente. A su llegada a nuestro centro la paciente est\u00e1 bajo intubaci\u00f3n orotraqueal y hemodin\u00e1micamente estable. La exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica nos revela lesiones contusas m\u00faltiples por todo el cuerpo, lesi\u00f3n sangrante en s\u00e1bana sobre cuero cabelludo as\u00ed como ligera hipofonesis generalizada bilateral. Auscultaci\u00f3n cardiaca normal. Abdomen blando y depresible sin signos de peritonismo. Resto de exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica por aparatos normal. Se decide realizar TC cr\u00e1neo-cervico-tor\u00e1cicoabdomino-p\u00e9lvico. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hallazgo radiol\u00f3gico NO ser\u00eda compatible con una rotura de aorta contenida?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-59fb906ae4484d0da78dc1ad60f82b63", "input": "Within the definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "Dentro de la definici\u00f3n del s\u00edndrome de distr\u00e9s respiratorio agudo (SDRA), se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6876119719e54a30bb8a9509f6f5e4b8", "input": "The study of the multifunctional severity of COPD is performed with the BODEX and BODE indices, which have some common criteria. Which of the following criteria is exclusively part of one of the two indexes?", "output": [ "El estudio de la gravedad multifuncional de la EPOC se realiza con los \u00edndices BODEX y BODE, que tienen algunos criterios comunes. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes criterios forma parte exclusivamente de uno de los dos \u00edndices?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-968c708798aa4f8b8fad1cbaf2ebe153", "input": "He receives a 65-year-old man, former smoker with an accumulated consumption of 50 packs / year and diagnosed with emphysema-like COPD. He cites cough with little expectoration and dyspnea of \u200b\u200bmoderate efforts. Request respiratory functional tests. Of the following results, which one is LESS likely?", "output": [ "Recibe en su consulta a un var\u00f3n de 65 a\u00f1os, ex fumador con un consumo acumulado de 50 paquetes/a\u00f1o y con diagn\u00f3stico de EPOC tipo enfisema. Refiere tos con poca expectoraci\u00f3n y disnea de moderados esfuerzos. Solicita pruebas funcionales respiratorias. De los siguientes resultados, \u00bfcu\u00e1l le parece MENOS probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-70f37c7fcb92425a9d340169333d511d", "input": "A 47-year-old man, with a history of depressive syndrome, is seen in the emergency room after having found him in his unconscious home. In arterial blood gases, it stands out pH 6.94; HCO3 5 mEq / L; PaCO2 17 mmHg. The anion gap or anion gap is 35 (normal value 12 \u00b1 2). The glycemia and creatinine were normal and the ketone bodies negative. The calculated osmolarity revealed a value of 295 mOsm / kg, compared to an osmolarity measured directly of 325 mOsm / kg. Point out the correct statement", "output": [ "Hombre de 47 a\u00f1os, con antecedentes de s\u00edndrome depresivo, es atendido en urgencias tras haberlo encontrado en su domicilio inconsciente. En la gasometr\u00eda arterial destaca pH 6,94; HCO3 5 mEq/L; PaCO2 17 mmHg. El ani\u00f3n gap o hiato ani\u00f3nico es de 35 (valor normal 12 \u00b1 2). La glucemia y la creatinina fueron normales y los cuerpos cet\u00f3nicos negativos. La osmolaridad calculada revel\u00f3 un valor de 295 mOsm/kg, frente a una osmolaridad medida directamente de 325 mOsm/kg. Se\u00f1ale la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-263e9b35663147f6bb155fa6fff590dc", "input": "A 51-year-old woman reports dyspnea from moderate efforts of several months of evolution. He does not have a history of interest and the elementary analysis (blood count and basic biochemistry) is normal. In the respiratory functional tests, a FEV1 / FVC ratio greater than 0.7 and a FVC and a TLC of 85% and 83% were observed in relation to their theoretical values, respectively. The DLCO is 40%. Given these data, I would think about", "output": [ "Una mujer de 51 a\u00f1os refiere disnea de esfuerzos moderados de varios meses de evoluci\u00f3n. No tiene antecedentes de inter\u00e9s y la anal\u00edtica elemental (hemograma y bioqu\u00edmica b\u00e1sica) es normal. En las pruebas funcionales respiratorias, se observa una relaci\u00f3n FEV1/FVC superior a 0,7 y una FVC y una TLC del 85% y 83% en relaci\u00f3n a sus valores te\u00f3ricos, respectivamente. La DLCO es del 40%. Ante estos datos, pensar\u00eda en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-476960e3f7a34e76b840993e067c7def", "input": "In a patient diagnosed with pneumonia and with metaneumonic pleural effusion in 2/3 of the right hemithorax, which of the following sign associations is frequent to observe?", "output": [ "En un paciente diagnosticado de neumon\u00eda y con derrame pleural metaneum\u00f3nico en 2/3 de hemit\u00f3rax derecho, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes asociaciones de signos es frecuente observar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1cfdbad28dfe4474b86e80d159e1b82b", "input": "In the study of a 65-year-old smoker, a lung mass of 8 cm in diameter was seen in the right upper lobe, with ipsilateral hilar lymph node involvement. The patient is finally diagnosed with a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Based on the characteristics cited, indicate which of the following treatments is the most appropriate", "output": [ "En el estudio de un hombre fumador de 65 a\u00f1os se aprecia una masa pulmonar de 8 cm de di\u00e1metro en el l\u00f3bulo superior derecho, con afectaci\u00f3n ganglionar hiliar ipsilateral. El paciente es diagnosticado finalmente de un adenocarcinoma pulmonar. En base a las caracter\u00edsticas citadas, se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes tratamientos es el m\u00e1s adecuado" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d7714ed86f7a4136864425fd88ea41fc", "input": "A 59-year-old woman with epileptic seizures of recent onset who went to the emergency room. On examination, it shows left pyramidal signs and papilledema. A brain MRI was performed showing a right hemispherical mass with edema, deviation from the midline and signs of tentorial herniation. He says that for a week he has had a headache that has progressed in intensity. Which of the following characteristics associated with headache seems most likely in this patient?", "output": [ "Mujer de 59 a\u00f1os con crisis epil\u00e9pticas de reciente instauraci\u00f3n que acude a urgencias. En la exploraci\u00f3n presenta signos piramidales izquierdos y edema de papila. Se le realiza una RM cerebral que muestra una masa hemisf\u00e9rica derecha con edema, desviaci\u00f3n de la l\u00ednea media y signos de herniaci\u00f3n tentorial. Refiere que desde hace una semana sufre dolor de cabeza que ha ido progresando en intensidad. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas asociadas a la cefalea le parece m\u00e1s probable en esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6a38ce11472947d7a9ef779e257c1a5c", "input": "In a woman with an epileptic seizure that presents the following clinical characteristics epigastric aura, unpleasant smell, disconnection of the medium, motor automatisms (sucking, swallowing, opening and closing of a hand) and post-critical amnesia, what is your diagnostic suspicion?", "output": [ "En una mujer con una crisis epil\u00e9ptica que presenta las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas aura epig\u00e1strica, olor desagradable, desconexi\u00f3n del medio, automatismos motores (chupeteo, degluci\u00f3n, apertura y cierre de una mano) y amnesia postcr\u00edtica, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es su sospecha diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5d915b2580b94c90b6725fb13b07cd33", "input": "A 25-year-old man consults for tremor. Objective exploration dysarthria and dystonia. He has a family history of psychiatric illness and movement disorders. Which diagnostic test do you consider most accurate?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 25 a\u00f1os consulta por temblor. La exploraci\u00f3n objetiva disartria y diston\u00eda. Tiene una historia familiar de enfermedad psiqui\u00e1trica y trastornos del movimiento. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba diagn\u00f3stica considera m\u00e1s acertada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f12273034eee4824af9b4b0c460ec22c", "input": "A 13-year-old boy presents a subacute picture of headache and diplopia. The neurological examination shows a paralysis of the vertical gaze and magnetic resonance a contrasting lesion in the pineal region that obstructs the aqueduct of Silvio. The most likely diagnosis is", "output": [ "Un ni\u00f1o de 13 a\u00f1os presenta un cuadro subagudo de cefalea y diplopia. La exploraci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3gica muestra una par\u00e1lisis de la mirada vertical y la resonancia magn\u00e9tica una lesi\u00f3n captante de contraste en la regi\u00f3n pineal que obstruye el acueducto de Silvio. El diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35ea826da32a496492878fca2d6447c6", "input": "A 78-year-old woman presents a 2-year history of episodic amnesia that has been associated in recent months with difficulty recognizing familiar faces, apraxia of dress, anomie, and temporary disorientation. The family confirms a clear functional deterioration in instrumental activities of daily life with respect to its previous level. The patient shows a very evident anosognosia. General analytical studies, thyroid hormones and vitamin B12 are normal. Which of the following clinical findings did you NOT expect to find in this situation?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 78 a\u00f1os presenta un cuadro cl\u00ednico de amnesia epis\u00f3dica de 2 a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n al que se ha asociado en los \u00faltimos meses dificultad para el reconocimiento de caras conocidas, apraxia del vestido, anomia y desorientaci\u00f3n temporal. La familia confirma un claro deterioro funcional en actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria respecto a su nivel previo. La paciente muestra una anosognosia muy evidente. Los estudios anal\u00edticos generales, hormonas tiroideas y vitamina B12 son normales. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes hallazgos cl\u00ednicos NO esper\u00eda encontrar en esta situaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-911b5b0a89154e43885b91affc7b23a5", "input": "A 65-year-old woman consulted due to weakness in the right hand that has spread in a few months to other muscle areas of both arms and legs, predominantly distal. In the exploration there is atrophy and fasciculations in different metameric territories with preserved sensitivity. There is a bilateral Babinski sign. What is the diagnostic test that would confirm the diagnosis of suspicion?", "output": [ "Una mujer de 65 a\u00f1os consulta por debilidad en la mano derecha que se ha extendido en pocos meses a otros territorios musculares de ambos brazos y piernas, de predominio distal. En la exploraci\u00f3n hay atrofia y fasciculaciones en distintos territorios metam\u00e9ricos con sensibilidad conservada. Existe un signo de Babinski bilateral. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la prueba diagn\u00f3stica que confirmar\u00eda el diagn\u00f3stico de sospecha?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0d2ace1b9e24ae38ebd95e3ecf72990", "input": "A man presents on the neurological examination a thermoalgesic sensory deficit in the left leg associated with a loss of vibratory and positional sensitivity in the right leg. At the same time it presents clumsiness and loss of distal strength in the right leg and a right plantar cutaneous reflex in extension. Which of the following statements is true?", "output": [ "Un hombre presenta en la exploraci\u00f3n neurol\u00f3gica un d\u00e9ficit sensitivo termoalg\u00e9sico en la pierna izquierda asociado a una p\u00e9rdida de sensibilidad vibratoria y posicional en la pierna derecha. Al mismo tiempo presenta torpeza y p\u00e9rdida de fuerza distal en la pierna derecha y un reflejo cut\u00e1neo plantar derecho en extensi\u00f3n. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es cierta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-205366cecfac4de4ae56af80180ef018", "input": "In a man of 70 years, hypertensive, with right hemiplegia of sudden onset with a slight dysarthria, without alterations in the evocation or understanding of language, what type of stroke do you think is more likely to have suffered?", "output": [ "En un hombre de 70 a\u00f1os, hipertenso, con una hemiplejia derecha de instauraci\u00f3n brusca con una leve disartria, sin alteraciones en la evocaci\u00f3n ni en la comprensi\u00f3n del lenguaje, \u00bfqu\u00e9 tipo de ictus cree que es m\u00e1s probable que haya sufrido?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-de7317441f1e4a9fa6db14f7b59ae34e", "input": "13-year-old girl operated on due to Hirschsprung's disease at 3 months of age. Which of the following tumors is most likely to present?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1a de 13 a\u00f1os intervenida por enfermedad de Hirschsprung a los 3 meses de vida. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes tumores es m\u00e1s probable que presente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-39c3e44d777d438498e45e749b661eb5", "input": "Infant of 1 month of life that presents vomiting of 24 hours of evolution. Eat with appetite and cry between shots. Since birth, he takes a bottle and did not vomit previously. Based on the most probable diagnostic suspicion, what diagnostic tests do you consider most appropriate?", "output": [ "Lactante de 1 mes de vida que presenta v\u00f3mitos de 24 horas de evoluci\u00f3n. Come con apetito y llora entre las tomas. Desde el nacimiento toma biber\u00f3n y no vomitaba previamente. En funci\u00f3n de la sospecha diagn\u00f3stica m\u00e1s probable, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pruebas diagn\u00f3sticas le parecen m\u00e1s adecuadas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fc5ade5ca06a4829986e57757e3afe31", "input": "Indicate which serum biochemical profile is suggestive of rickets due to vitamin D deficiency in a 5-month-old infant", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 perfil bioqu\u00edmico en suero es sugerente de raquitismo por deficiencia de vitamina D en un lactante de 5 meses de edad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eeba1ed48325406cab07590697623fc3", "input": "A 6-month-old infant has episodes of spasms in flexion, in bouts, most often when drowsy. The parents find him off and sad and with an impression of little progress in development. On physical examination, there are 7 hypopigmented spots on the trunk and on the extremities. Among the complementary studies performed, the echocardiography finding of a apparently asymptomatic cardiac tumor stands out. Which of the following pathologies is most likely in this child?", "output": [ "Un lactante de 6 meses de edad presenta episodios de espasmos en flexi\u00f3n, en rachas, m\u00e1s frecuentemente cuando tiene somnolencia. Los padres le encuentran apagado y triste y con impresi\u00f3n de escasos avances en el desarrollo. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica se encuentran 7 manchas hipopigmentadas en tronco y en las extremidades. Entre los estudios complementarios realizados destaca el hallazgo en la ecocardiograf\u00eda de una tumoraci\u00f3n cardiaca aparentemente asintom\u00e1tica. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes patolog\u00edas es m\u00e1s probable en este ni\u00f1o?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c751ff7ae514bd08fb2ba44ddf2f37f", "input": "In congenital diaphragmatic hernia with posterolateral defect, which alteration has greater pathophysiological and clinical importance?", "output": [ "En la hernia diafragm\u00e1tica cong\u00e9nita con defecto posterolateral, \u00bfqu\u00e9 alteraci\u00f3n tiene mayor importancia fisiopatol\u00f3gica y cl\u00ednica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0505eb78ae094fa2827468cbdb5f9e12", "input": "Before a 9 year old boy with testicular pain of 6 hours of evolution, intense, that almost prevents him from walking, without previous trauma, what is the most probable diagnosis?", "output": [ "Ante un ni\u00f1o de 9 a\u00f1os con dolor testicular de 6 horas de evoluci\u00f3n, intenso, que casi le impide caminar, sin traumatismo previo, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-08dce39c0d4f421e9cf2f5310e44f5a7", "input": "20-day-old baby who presents a picture of regurgitation and vomiting from birth. He looks malnourished and lethargic. Artificial breastfeeding from birth. In the analysis, leukocytosis with left deviation stands out. Absolute diet, glucosaline perfusion and intravenous antibiotics are indicated. In view of the clinical improvement, oral feeding was reintroduced at 48 hours, followed by repeated vomiting, incoercible, more intense than those presented at admission, reappearance of the lethargic aspect and the same analytical alterations. The most probable diagnosis of this patient is", "output": [ "Neonato de 20 d\u00edas que presenta un cuadro de regurgitaciones y v\u00f3mitos desde el nacimiento. Presenta aspecto desnutrido y let\u00e1rgico. Lactancia artificial desde el nacimiento. En la anal\u00edtica destaca leucocitosis con desviaci\u00f3n izquierda. Se indica dieta absoluta, perfusi\u00f3n glucosalina y antibi\u00f3ticos intravenosos. Ante la mejor\u00eda cl\u00ednica se reintroduce la alimentaci\u00f3n oral a las 48 horas que es seguida de v\u00f3mitos repetidos, incoercibles, m\u00e1s intensos que los que presentaba al ingreso, reaparici\u00f3n del aspecto let\u00e1rgico y las mismas alteraciones anal\u00edticas. El diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable de este paciente es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b670360808af42d8991dee977d1604ef", "input": "A newborn has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute at the minute of birth, a slow and irregular breathing, absence of muscular tone with generalized flaccidity, absent response to the energetic striking of the sole and pink coloration of the body with the extremities. bluish What score of the Apgar test corresponds?", "output": [ "Un reci\u00e9n nacido presenta al minuto del nacimiento una frecuencia cardiaca de 80 latidos por minuto, una respiraci\u00f3n lenta e irregular, ausencia de tono muscular con flacidez generalizada, respuesta ausente al golpeo en\u00e9rgico de la planta del pie y coloraci\u00f3n rosada en el cuerpo con las extremidades azuladas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 puntuaci\u00f3n del test de Apgar le corresponde?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7df68c96c42546a5bf0a16bc864b30d8", "input": "A 7-year-old boy who goes to the emergency department of the hospital after falling on trampolines placed in the town square. It presents an obvious deformity in the right forearm, with preserved pulses and normal sensitivity. What type of injury does the patient present?", "output": [ "Ni\u00f1o de 7 a\u00f1os de edad que acude al servicio de urgencias del hospital tras ca\u00edda en unas camas el\u00e1sticas colocadas en la plaza del pueblo. Presenta una deformidad evidente en el antebrazo derecho, con pulsos conservados y sensibilidad normal. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de lesi\u00f3n presenta el paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cdcdc8e7897c4df890c54cddb3a7dd6d", "input": "An 80-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis for 10 years and high blood pressure. He has been treated with paracetamol, tramadol and indapamide for years and in the last 3 months also with prednisone 7.5 mg daily and etanercept, with good results. She consulted because for 2 weeks she has invalidating pain of the left hip without fever. The analyzes show 14,000 leukocytes / uL, hemoglobin 10 g / dL, PCR 50 mg / L, creatinine 1.2 mg / dL. Pelvic radiography is normal. Indicate the CORRECT attitude", "output": [ "Hombre de 80 a\u00f1os de edad con artritis reumatoide desde hace 10 a\u00f1os e hipertensi\u00f3n arterial. Recibe tratamiento con paracetamol, tramadol e indapamida desde hace a\u00f1os y en los \u00faltimos 3 meses tambi\u00e9n con prednisona 7,5 mg al d\u00eda y etanercept, con buen resultado. Consulta porque desde hace 2 semanas tiene dolor invalidante de la cadera izquierda sin fiebre. Los an\u00e1lisis muestran 14.000 leucocitos/uL, hemoglobina 10 g/dL, PCR 50 mg/L, creatinina 1,2 mg/dL. La radiograf\u00eda de pelvis es normal. Indique la actitud CORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-51cc75d5513f47afa0a7966add2bec77", "input": "A 40-year-old woman with an insidious onset of 10 weeks of evolution consisting of pain, erythema and increased temperature of the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands and the right carpus comes to her office. Although the pain partially calms since you take 3 tablets of Ibuprofen daily, you still feel bad. He also refers to a constant grit in the eyes and that they often cry when he goes out. Which of the following symptoms is LESS likely to be found during the history?", "output": [ "Acude a su consulta una mujer de 40 a\u00f1os con un cuadro de inicio insidioso de 10 semanas de evoluci\u00f3n consistente en dolor, eritema y aumento de la temperatura de las articulaciones metacarpofal\u00e1ngicas segunda y tercera de ambas manos y del carpo derecho. A pesar de que el dolor calma parcialmente desde que toma 3 comprimidos diarios de ibuprofeno contin\u00faa encontr\u00e1ndose mal. Adem\u00e1s refiere una sensaci\u00f3n de arenilla constante en los ojos y que \u00e9stos le lloran con frecuencia cuando sale a la calle. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes s\u00edntomas es MENOS probable que se encuentre durante la anamnesis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-745418d9309744d3843e1c816875a11b", "input": "Regarding the anti-Ro antibodies (SS-A), point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "Respecto a los anticuerpos anti Ro (SS-A) se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9f465e408f5b49efb2da640ea690818a", "input": "Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fibromyalgia?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes NO es una caracter\u00edstica propia de la fibromialgia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ac0a29320514a3c90aeba68d2310349", "input": "A 50-year-old diabetic man with mechanical spinal pain and stiffness. The exploration denotes limitation of all movements of the lumbar and cervical spine. The acute phase reactants are negative. The antigen HLA-B27 is negative. Pelvic radiology is normal. The column radiology demonstrates the presence of thick intervertebral bony bridges separated from the spine and in the lumbar spine only on the right side thereof. What is the first diagnostic possibility?", "output": [ "Hombre diab\u00e9tico de 50 a\u00f1os de edad, con dolor raqu\u00eddeo mec\u00e1nico y rigidez. La exploraci\u00f3n denota limitaci\u00f3n de todos los movimientos de raquis lumbar y cervical. Los reactantes de fase aguda son negativos. El ant\u00edgeno HLA-B27 es negativo. La radiolog\u00eda de pelvis es normal. La radiolog\u00eda de columna demuestra la presencia de puentes \u00f3seos intervertebrales gruesos y separados del raquis y en la columna lumbar s\u00f3lo en el lado derecho de la misma. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la primera posibilidad diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-11675f7dda0f47ca951e513f0b62db5f", "input": "A 60-year-old man with a history of renal lithiasis due to uric acid and chronic tophaceous arthropathy who presented a severe allergic reaction to allopurinol one year ago, consulted for monthly episodes of monoarticular arthritis in knees, ankles and metatarsophalangeal joints. In the analytic, uricemia of 12 mg / dL and uric acid in urine of 24 hours of 1,100 mg stand out. In addition to joint bud treatment, what is the most appropriate background treatment for your arthropathy?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 60 a\u00f1os con antecedentes de litiasis renal por \u00e1cido \u00farico y artropat\u00eda tof\u00e1cea cr\u00f3nica que present\u00f3 hace un a\u00f1o una reacci\u00f3n al\u00e9rgica grave a alopurinol, consulta por episodios mensuales de artritis monoarticular en rodillas, tobillos y articulaciones metatarsofal\u00e1ngicas. En la anal\u00edtica destacan uricemia de 12 mg/dL y \u00e1cido \u00farico en orina de 24 horas de 1.100 mg. Adem\u00e1s de tratamiento del brote articular, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el tratamiento de fondo m\u00e1s adecuado para su artropat\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5aafb11bf5ab494e915d95811cf6160b", "input": "An 18-year-old woman with a history of bronchial asthma who consulted for cutaneous purpura, arthralgias and edema of the lower limbs. It presents elevated acute phase reactants, normal glomerular filtration and proteinuria in non-nephrotic range. In radiology, a veiling of the paranasal sinuses is observed. Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Mujer de 18 a\u00f1os con historia de asma bronquial, que consulta ante p\u00farpura cut\u00e1nea, artralgias y edemas en miembros inferiores. Presenta elevaci\u00f3n de reactantes de fase aguda, filtrado glomerular normal y proteinuria en rango no nefr\u00f3tico. En la radiolog\u00eda se observa un velamiento de los senos paranasales. Los anticuerpos anti citoplasma de neutr\u00f3filos (ANCA) y anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) son negativos. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3383b59a19784fbe816167c036f7ef1a", "input": "A 36-year-old man with no history of interest who, after high-energy trauma when falling from a motorcycle, presented a fractured mid-shaft tibial fracture, open, grade II Gustilo. Which of the following maneuvers or therapies is more effective for the prevention of infection?", "output": [ "Hombre de 36 a\u00f1os de edad sin antecedentes de inter\u00e9s que tras un traumatismo de alta energ\u00eda al caer de una motocicleta presenta una fractura diafisaria media de tibia, abierta, grado II de Gustilo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes maniobras o terapias es m\u00e1s efectiva para la prevenci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a3ac375f38ca471ca02ff8651582a05c", "input": "60-year-old woman, insulin-dependent diabetic, presenting right shoulder pain of nocturnal predominance of several weeks of evolution. It does not refer traumatism. Physical examination highlights an active and passive limitation of all shoulder movement arcs. What clinical picture do you suspect as the first diagnostic possibility?", "output": [ "Mujer de 60 a\u00f1os, diab\u00e9tica insulinodependiente, que presenta omalgia derecha de predominio nocturno de varias semanas de evoluci\u00f3n. No refiere traumatismo. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica destaca una limitaci\u00f3n activa y pasiva de todos los arcos de movimiento del hombro. \u00bfQu\u00e9 cuadro cl\u00ednico sospecha como primera posibilidad diagn\u00f3stica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b131aa609fd84560b7a2a367b929a59b", "input": "A 36-year-old man with no personal history of interest was admitted to the emergency department due to a sudden onset of intense pain on the posterior aspect of the lower right limb reaching the foot. In the examination, he presented Right right leg at 10\u00ba, decreased force in the plantar flexion of the right foot, hypoesthesia in the outer edge of the right foot and absence of a right right reflex. The simple x-ray of the lumbar spine shows no significant alterations. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?", "output": [ "Hombre de 36 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes personales de inter\u00e9s que acude al servicio de urgencias por un cuadro de aparici\u00f3n brusca de intenso dolor en la cara posterior del miembro inferior derecho que llega hasta el pie. En la exploraci\u00f3n presenta Las\u00e8gue derecho positivo a 10\u00ba, disminuci\u00f3n de fuerza en la flexi\u00f3n plantar del pie derecho, hipoestesia en borde externo del pie derecho y ausencia de reflejo aqu\u00edleo derecho. La radiograf\u00eda simple de columna lumbar no muestra alteraciones significativas. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es el diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1978faef1c18468e9b2c47ea1c91d327", "input": "18-year-old boy, who presented a sprained right ankle treated with immobilization 1 year ago. Since then it presents a picture of intense pain and allodynia. Initially, the skin presented an edematous, hyperemic and hot appearance. At the time of consultation, a hard, cyanotic and cold skin edema was observed. The complementary tests show slight demineralization in the affected extremity without other findings of interest. What treatment is NOT recommended?", "output": [ "Joven de 18 a\u00f1os, que hace 1 a\u00f1o present\u00f3 un esguince de tobillo derecho tratado con inmovilizaci\u00f3n. Desde entonces presenta un cuadro de dolor intenso y alodinia. Inicialmente la piel present\u00f3 un aspecto edematoso, hiper\u00e9mico y caliente. En el momento de la consulta se aprecia un edema cut\u00e1neo duro, cian\u00f3tico y fr\u00edo. Las pruebas complementarias muestran ligera desmineralizaci\u00f3n en la extremidad afecta sin otros hallazgos de inter\u00e9s. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento NO es recomendable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-77b84049a9154f11ba675215d49b1dff", "input": "An 18-year-old boy who went to the emergency room due to pain and functional impotence in the right knee. After the biopsy study, the diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the distal femur is established. Given the type of tumor and the location, what treatment protocol is usually performed in most cases?", "output": [ "Joven de 18 a\u00f1os que acude a urgencias por presentar dolor e impotencia funcional en la rodilla derecha. Tras el estudio con biopsia se establece el diagn\u00f3stico de osteosarcoma osteobl\u00e1stico del f\u00e9mur distal. Dado el tipo de tumor y la localizaci\u00f3n, \u00bfqu\u00e9 protocolo de tratamiento se efect\u00faa de forma habitual en la mayor\u00eda de los casos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9678bb237b674eaa954190328beb6417", "input": "A man with a drug-eluting stent implanted 2 months ago, under treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) 300 mg / d and clopidogrel 75 mg / d, is presented in the pre-anesthetic assessment clinic and must undergo a scheduled surgery for multiple tooth extraction. Indicate the best recommendation to maintain the balance between the thrombotic risk and the hemorrhagic risk of the proposed surgery", "output": [ "Se presenta en la consulta de valoraci\u00f3n preanest\u00e9sica un hombre portador de stent f\u00e1rmacoactivo implantado hace 2 meses, en tratamiento con \u00e1cido acetilsalic\u00edlico (AAS) 300 mg/d y clopidogrel 75 mg/d y que debe someterse a una cirug\u00eda programada de extracci\u00f3n dentaria m\u00faltiple. Se\u00f1ale la mejor recomendaci\u00f3n para mantener el equilibrio entre el riesgo tromb\u00f3tico y el riesgo hemorr\u00e1gico de la cirug\u00eda propuesta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e6719cb5c57f4bfb80b808857687a056", "input": "Triage is a method of classifying patients who, following a color scale, allows us to establish priorities when assisting a patient. Its use is extended in the hospital emergency but it is also used in out-of-hospital medicine in situations of disasters or accidents with multiple victims. Imagine that you are in a mobile ICU as the first intervening resource in one of these situations. What would you do to identify the milder or green patients?", "output": [ "El triaje es un m\u00e9todo de clasificaci\u00f3n de pacientes que siguiendo una escala de colores nos permite establecer prioridades a la hora de asistir a un enfermo. Su uso est\u00e1 extendido en la urgencia hospitalaria pero tambi\u00e9n se emplea en la medicina extrahospitalaria en situaciones de desastres o accidentes con m\u00faltiples v\u00edctimas. Imagina que acudes en una UVI m\u00f3vil como primer recurso interviniente en una de estas situaciones. \u00bfQu\u00e9 har\u00edas para identificar a los pacientes m\u00e1s leves o verdes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ae973a840284817a1d1a35b4859e8e8", "input": "Which of the following parameters is NOT part of the Glasgow comma scale?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes par\u00e1metros NO forma parte de la escala de coma de Glasgow?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c57dcad9ae1c429d94aa65cf676ae21d", "input": "A diabetic woman with a malleolar ulcer of approximately 10 years of evolution comes to her office. He has required continuous topical cures but the wound has never finished closing by second intention. You notice that one of the edges of the ulcer begins to mamelone. What should be your immediate attitude?", "output": [ "Acude a su consulta una mujer diab\u00e9tica con una \u00falcera maleolar de aproximadamente 10 a\u00f1os de evoluci\u00f3n. Ha requerido curas t\u00f3picas cont\u00ednuas pero la herida nunca ha terminado de cerrarse por segunda intenci\u00f3n. Usted observa que uno de los bordes de la \u00falcera comienza a mamelonarse. \u00bfCu\u00e1l debe ser su actitud inmediata?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf7ecfde3c9d435ba72b6f81e0ed0a8c", "input": "The physiological changes that occur with aging favor the development of disease. Regarding them, point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "Los cambios fisiol\u00f3gicos que acontecen con el envejecimiento favorecen el desarrollo de enfermedad. Respecto a los mismos, se\u00f1ale la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-07c3073e6fb24cc4819657ea4dbb8b23", "input": "In relation to delirium or acute hospital confusional syndrome in the elderly, indicate the true", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n al delirium o s\u00edndrome confusional agudo hospitalario en el anciano, se\u00f1ale la verdadera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8ffd32a47c524265bed2b2ed064b8591", "input": "Which of the following drugs has been shown to be effective in controlling symptoms in an older patient with restless legs syndrome?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos se ha demostrado eficaz en el control de los s\u00edntomas en un paciente mayor con s\u00edndrome de piernas inquietas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-282ee9d9e7d1467aa177da22835cc8ca", "input": "A 27-year-old man diagnosed after an orchiectomy of embryonic testicular carcinoma. After surgery, the tumor markers persist and in the staging CT there are multiple retroperitoneal adenopathies greater than 3 cm. What is the indicated treatment?", "output": [ "Hombre de 27 a\u00f1os diagnosticado tras una orquiectom\u00eda de carcinoma embrionario de test\u00edculo. Tras la cirug\u00eda persisten elevados los marcadores tumorales y en la TC de estadificaci\u00f3n presenta m\u00faltiples adenopat\u00edas retroperitoneales superiores a los 3 cm. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el tratamiento indicado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-96ebc8ed6c0245899238ef56f41f487b", "input": "A 65-year-old woman with no personal history of interest, operated on for sigmoid adenocarcinoma that infiltrates the serosa (T4) with involvement of 2 lymph nodes of 35 isolates (N1). In the extension study, no distant metastasis (M0) is evident. What is the next step to make?", "output": [ "Mujer de 65 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes personales de inter\u00e9s, intervenida de adenocarcinoma de sigma que infiltra la serosa (T4) con afectaci\u00f3n de 2 ganglios de 35 aislados (N1). En el estudio de extensi\u00f3n no se evidencian met\u00e1stasis a distancia (M0). \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el siguiente paso a realizar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-82319fe6a650438aa409a0c28302ebdd", "input": "In relation to the presence of mutations in EFGR in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, which of the following statements is FALSE?", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n a la presencia de mutaciones en EFGR en pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n no microc\u00edtico, \u00bfc\u00faal de las siguientes afirmaciones es FALSA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7728c1425cf84f1d9164cc86b105ec3b", "input": "All of the following drugs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of hormone-resistant prostate cancer, EXCEPT", "output": [ "Todos los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos se han demostrado eficaces en el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata hormono-resistente, EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3a401ef0f1c745eca0aa904a91905312", "input": "In relation to the agony, point out the INCORRECT response", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la agon\u00eda, se\u00f1alar la respuesta INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-613ec886c23340faa66dca2fb328215f", "input": "A 45-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer with multiple bone metastases, undergoing hormonal treatment and intravenous bisphosphonates. He comes to his office referring to intense basal bone pain (EVA = 7), in several locations, without associated neurological symptoms and pain exacerbations (EVA = 9) several times a day that force him to remain at rest. On treatment with ibuprofen (600 mg every 8 hours) and tramadol (150 mg daily). What treatment would you consider more appropriate in this patient to improve pain control?", "output": [ "Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os diagnosticada de c\u00e1ncer de mama estadio IV con met\u00e1stasis \u00f3seas m\u00faltiples, en tratamiento hormonal y bifosfonatos intravenosos. Acude a su consulta refiriendo dolor \u00f3seo basal intenso (EVA=7), en varias localizaciones, sin sintomatolog\u00eda neurol\u00f3gica asociada y exacerbaciones del dolor (EVA=9) varias veces al d\u00eda que le obligan a permanecer en reposo. En tratamiento con ibuprofeno (600 mg cada 8 horas) y tramadol (150 mg al d\u00eda). \u00bfQu\u00e9 tratamiento considerar\u00eda m\u00e1s adecuado en esta paciente para mejorar el control del dolor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c0c03695d457435095870bee9efa9f05", "input": "He goes to the home of an oncological patient who lately does not have pain well controlled. In the physical examination it seems that there is no evidence of tumor progression, it does not reveal any data of interest of the previously known. In the anamnesis the main caregiver states that the patient has pain at 8 hours after receiving the basal dose of morphine every 12 hours. This clinical situation is called", "output": [ "Acude al domicilio de un paciente oncol\u00f3gico que \u00faltimamente no tiene bien controlado el dolor. En la exploraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica parece que no hay evidencia de progresi\u00f3n tumoral, no revela ning\u00fan dato de inter\u00e9s de lo conocido previamente. En la anamnesis el cuidador principal manifiesta que el paciente tiene dolor a las 8 horas de haber recibido la dosis basal pautada de morfina cada 12 horas. Esta situaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9ab1f5a42376420b8d7bd2d065740c32", "input": "Overdiagnosis is the phenomenon that occurs when people are diagnosed with diseases that would never cause them symptoms or shorten their lives, but instead the alarm generated by the finding may cause undesirable consequences. Which of the following actions is considered to cause overdiagnosis?", "output": [ "El sobrediagn\u00f3stico es el fen\u00f3meno que ocurre cuando las personas son diagnosticadas de enfermedades que nunca les causar\u00edan s\u00edntomas ni les acortar\u00edan la vida, pero en cambio la alarma generada por el hallazgo les puede ocasionar consecuencias indeseables. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actuaciones se considera que es causante de sobrediagn\u00f3stico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2a5b173debcd49bd96a9926f9e039cd4", "input": "Why is it necessary to obtain informed consent of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures?", "output": [ "\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es necesario obtener un consentimiento informado de procedimientos diagn\u00f3sticos y terap\u00e9uticos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d77a2a76227e453a9fd8729c3e11df7c", "input": "Indicate the variable on which, fundamentally, the decision on surgical margins in the treatment of a cutaneous melanoma case will depend", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la variable de la que depender\u00e1, fundamentalmente, la decisi\u00f3n sobre los m\u00e1rgenes quir\u00fargicos en el tratamiento de un caso de melanoma cut\u00e1neo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c5deabf7c4c6452abc980950983c98a9", "input": "If there is a direct trauma to the orbital region, point out the correct answer", "output": [ "Ante un traumatismo directo sobre la regi\u00f3n orbitaria, se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e8bfe04e79648119217bc968fadabba", "input": "67-year-old man, diabetic and asthmatic, with primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes. He has an eye pressure of 34 mmHg in his right eye and 31 mmHg in his left eye. Which of the following pharmacological groups is the most indicated as the first choice as a hypotensive treatment?", "output": [ "Hombre de 67 a\u00f1os de edad, diab\u00e9tico y asm\u00e1tico, con un glaucoma primario de \u00e1ngulo abierto en ambos ojos. Presenta una presi\u00f3n ocular de 34 mmHg en su ojo derecho y 31 mmHg en su ojo izquierdo. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes grupos farmacol\u00f3gicos es el m\u00e1s indicado como primera elecci\u00f3n como tratamiento hipotensor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-14547126222e497297b061a39b00fded", "input": "A 26-year-old woman with schizophrenia who goes to the mental health clinic after a recent hospitalization for a psychotic decompensation. After being admitted 22 days is discharged the week prior to the current review. The family reports that they find her very uneasy and with great psychomotor restlessness. On examination, it is evident that she can not remain seated and is continuously circling the consultation without a specific purpose. The positive psychotic symptoms that led to their admission are not observed, since they adjusted their treatment with 15 mg of haloperidol daily in the hospital. The diagnosis of the situation presented by the patient is", "output": [ "Mujer de 26 a\u00f1os de edad con esquizofrenia que acude a la consulta de salud mental despu\u00e9s de una hospitalizaci\u00f3n reciente por una descompensaci\u00f3n psic\u00f3tica. Tras permanecer ingresada 22 d\u00edas es dada de alta la semana previa a la revisi\u00f3n actual. La familia refiere que la encuentran muy intranquila y con gran inquietud psicomotriz. En la exploraci\u00f3n se evidencia que no puede permanecer sentada y est\u00e1 cont\u00ednuamente dando vueltas por la consulta sin un prop\u00f3sito concreto. No se objetivan los s\u00edntomas psic\u00f3ticos positivos que motivaron su ingreso, desde que en el hospital ajustaron su tratamiento con 15 mg de haloperidol al d\u00eda. El diagn\u00f3stico de la situaci\u00f3n que presenta la paciente es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-34c212f941ab41c5bff7bb0e63267b91", "input": "For the treatment of acute mania, the following antipsychotics are approved by the FDA, EXCEPT", "output": [ "Para el tratamiento de la man\u00eda aguda est\u00e1n aprobados por la FDA los siguientes antipsic\u00f3ticos, EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6d16bfc7a715426cac826e135a1e2428", "input": "What is the diagnostic orientation to a 35-year-old man with no medical history who comes to the clinic explaining insurmountable fears to enter crowded places after experiencing a month ago, when entering a shopping center, an acute episode of anxiety with somatic symptoms ( tachycardia, sweats, dyspnea ..)?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la orientaci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica ante un hombre de 35 a\u00f1os sin antecedentes m\u00e9dicos que acude a consulta explicando temores insuperables a entrar en lugares concurridos tras haber experimentado hace un mes, al entrar en un centro comercial, un episodio agudo de ansiedad con s\u00edntomas som\u00e1ticos (taquicardia, sudores, disnea..) ?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5b8e5c525c2c45069ff13e81a4d54f94", "input": "A 22-year-old medical student, with a family history in the same sense of her discomfort, consults for fear, from childhood, to observing scenes that contain blood or physical damage, which causes fainting with loss of consciousness and falling soil, with full recovery in a few minutes. What are the correct diagnostic orientation and therapeutic attitude?", "output": [ "Una estudiante de Medicina de 22 a\u00f1os, con antecedentes familiares en el mismo sentido de su malestar, consulta por temor, desde la infancia, a la observaci\u00f3n de escenas que contengan sangre o da\u00f1o f\u00edsico, lo cual provoca desmayo con p\u00e9rdida de conciencia y ca\u00edda al suelo, con recuperaci\u00f3n completa en escasos minutos. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son la orientaci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica y actitud terap\u00e9utica correctas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8b084226775d4eb2bc86be7bbe1478c6", "input": "Some parents come to consultation worried about the situation of their son who is going to repeat 4th of Compulsory Primary Education (EPO). At school they complain about their behavior, but they have not made any intervention. The parents feel guilty because they have delayed the request for help because of the sister's health problems. Two years ago, she was diagnosed with leukemia and focused on her treatment, which has evolved positively. They state that their son has problems with classmates because of his character, he is very restless and distracted, he does not accept losing and he is upset when he does not win. She always had the problems, but they increase at the beginning of EPO, and the teacher has always told them that she was lazy but that she was capable, taking away her importance. How would you orient this case?", "output": [ "Unos padres acuden a consulta preocupados por la situaci\u00f3n de su hijo que va a repetir 4\u00ba de Educaci\u00f3n Primaria Obligatoria (EPO). En el colegio se quejan de su comportamiento, pero no han realizado ninguna intervenci\u00f3n. Los padres se sienten culpables porque han retrasado la petici\u00f3n de ayuda por los problemas de salud de la hermana. Hace 2 a\u00f1os la diagnostican de leucemia y han estado centrados en su tratamiento que ha evolucionado positivamente. Manifiestan que su hijo tiene problemas con los compa\u00f1eros por su car\u00e1cter, es muy inquieto y distra\u00eddo, no acepta perder y se altera cuando no gana. Los problemas los tuvo de siempre, pero aumentan al iniciar EPO, y la profesora siempre les ha dicho que era vago pero que era capaz, quit\u00e1ndole importancia. \u00bfC\u00f3mo orientar\u00edas este caso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1cbf02389bc245ae98cdf0d38ff527a7", "input": "Monica is a twenty-year-old girl who is taken to the emergency room by her parents because they do not know what to do with her. For about three years she has been obsessed with her silhouette and seems to judge everything based on the physical aspect, underestimating other personal qualities that she has and that everyone recognizes. Since about five months ago he also has episodes that make him feel very bad and that he describes as uncontrollable, consisting in the intake of enormous quantities of food in a very short time. This has been happening to her more and more frequently, occurring between two and three times a week for the last 3 months. Account for example that last night ate four packets of cookies in an hour and a half after what, as usual usually do, unable to withstand the feeling of guilt has caused vomiting, thus ejecting most of what was ingested. In this patient it would be much more IMPROBABLE to find one of the following characteristics, point it out", "output": [ "M\u00f3nica es una chica de veinte a\u00f1os que es llevada al servicio de urgencias por sus padres porque ya no saben qu\u00e9 hacer con ella. Desde hace unos tres a\u00f1os est\u00e1 obsesionada con su silueta y parece que todo lo juzga en base al aspecto f\u00edsico, infravalorando otras cualidades personales que tiene y que todos reconocen. Desde hace unos cinco meses presenta adem\u00e1s episodios que le hacen sentirse muy mal y que describe como incontrolables, consistentes en la ingesta de cantidades enormes de comida en muy poco tiempo. Esto le ha venido ocurriendo cada vez con m\u00e1s frecuencia llegando a ocurrirle entre dos y tres veces por semana los \u00faltimos 3 meses. Cuenta por ejemplo que anoche ingiri\u00f3 cuatro paquetes de galletas en una hora y media tras lo que, como habitualmente suele hacer, al no poder soportar el sentimiento de culpa se ha provocado el v\u00f3mito, expulsando as\u00ed la mayor parte de lo ingerido. En \u00e9sta paciente ser\u00eda mucho m\u00e1s IMPROBABLE encontrar una de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas, se\u00f1\u00e1lela" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f5adf1051d2244c782dbd2e63ac5b81f", "input": "Point out the correct answer about clinical trials with medicines in children", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta sobre los ensayos cl\u00ednicos con medicamentos en menores" ] }, { "id": "task1432-32b54b8960c14b45bd1b7f43735f282e", "input": "One clinical trial showed no significant difference between the new drug thromboporix and placebo in the incidence of myocardial infarction (7% versus 5%, p = 0.68) in the total study population, but it did show that thromboporix reduced the risk of infarction in one of the 20 subgroups analyzed, specifically in those older than 55 years (3% versus 8%, p = 0.048). Point out the TRUE", "output": [ "Un ensayo cl\u00ednico no mostr\u00f3 diferencias significativas entre el nuevo f\u00e1rmaco tromboporix y placebo en la incidencia de infarto de miocardio (7% versus 5%; p = 0,68) en la poblaci\u00f3n total del estudio, pero s\u00ed mostr\u00f3 que tromboporix reduc\u00eda el riesgo de infarto en uno de los 20 subgrupos analizados, concretamente en mayores de 55 a\u00f1os (3% versus 8%; p = 0,048). Se\u00f1ale lo CIERTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7d4b1e8be3f04928b76744487e3ad220", "input": "In relation to phase III clinical trials conducted in oncology, point out the true answer", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con los ensayos cl\u00ednicos fase III realizados en oncolog\u00eda, se\u00f1ale la respuesta verdadera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-230ff8322eec45188cd1b01616bec333", "input": "In 2000, Swedish researchers conducted a study to see if cannabis use increased the risk of schizophrenia. To this end, they identified 50,087 men who were part of the compulsory military recruitment between 1969 and 1970. As part of the recruitment process, they were interviewed where, in a non-anonymous way, they indicated the use of cannabis. This group was followed from 1970 to 1996 through the hospital records to find out how many of them had a diagnosis of schizophrenia registered during that period. For the analysis, they divided the subjects into two groups those who indicated that they had used cannabis 2 or more times and those who used cannabis less than 2 times and calculated the frequency of schizophrenia in each of them. What kind of epidemiological study is it about?", "output": [ "En el a\u00f1o 2000, unos investigadores suecos realizaron un estudio para conocer si el consumo de cannabis aumentaba el riesgo de esquizofrenia. Para ello identificaron a 50.087 hombres que formaron parte del reclutamiento militar obligatorio entre 1969 y 1970. Como parte del proceso de reclutamiento se les hac\u00eda una entrevista donde, de forma no an\u00f3nima, indicaban el consumo de cannabis. A este grupo se les sigui\u00f3 desde 1970 a 1996 a trav\u00e9s de los registros hospitalarios para conocer cu\u00e1ntos de ellos ten\u00edan registrado durante ese periodo un diagn\u00f3stico de esquizofrenia. Para el an\u00e1lisis dividieron a los sujetos en dos grupos los que indicaron que hab\u00edan consumido cannabis 2 o m\u00e1s veces y los que consumieron cannabis menos de 2 veces y calcularon la frecuencia de esquizofrenia en cada uno de ellos. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 tipo de estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico se trata?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7f4b67b4fc82486f8d25356f97355ee9", "input": "In an epidemiological cohort study, what do we mean by exposed patients?", "output": [ "En un estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico de cohortes, \u00bfqu\u00e9 entendemos por pacientes expuestos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f6e043bd7fda4369aa67ae2400394b34", "input": "The dermatology department of a hospital has registered all the cases diagnosed of toxic epidermal necrolysis in the center during the last twenty years. It is found that 20% of these patients had been exposed to carbamazepine in the 6 weeks prior to diagnosis, while 10% had been exposed to phenytoin. Which of the following corresponds to the design of this study?", "output": [ "El servicio de dermatolog\u00eda de un hospital ha registrado durante los \u00faltimos veinte a\u00f1os todos los casos diagnosticados de necrolisis epid\u00e9rmica t\u00f3xica en el centro. Se encuentra que un 20% de estos pacientes hab\u00edan estado expuestos a carbamazepina en las 6 semanas previas al diagn\u00f3stico, mientras que un 10% hab\u00edan estado expuestos a fenito\u00edna. \u00bfA cu\u00e1l de los siguientes corresponde el dise\u00f1o de este estudio?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-267792681b8744bf81aff86a48c777c2", "input": "The survival of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is being evaluated depending on the time of acquisition of the infection. Which of the following tests is the most appropriate for the proposed objective?", "output": [ "Se est\u00e1 evaluando la supervivencia de los pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en funci\u00f3n del momento de adquisici\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes pruebas es la m\u00e1s adecuada para el objetivo propuesto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-41eb0610c0be438d8dbc16b1c83dbe5e", "input": "With which of the following measures can we reduce the amplitude of a confidence interval?", "output": [ "\u00bfCon cu\u00e1les de las siguientes medidas podemos reducir la amplitud de un intervalo de confianza?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-443f99c4d5bf48eb9f835f8c65a77730", "input": "Regarding the sensitivity analyzes in pharmacoeconomic evaluations, indicate the FALSE answer", "output": [ "Respecto a los an\u00e1lisis de sensibilidad en evaluaciones farmacoecon\u00f3micas, se\u00f1ale la respuesta FALSA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-688b868b93fd43b2a9250bfa27093891", "input": "Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is evaluated by", "output": [ "La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) se eval\u00faa mediante" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aabe2fd12d914ca6bc7b55cf6e94de25", "input": "What are the characteristics of the Spanish health system?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las caracter\u00edsticas del sistema sanitario espa\u00f1ol?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3d2db5a883e04dbe88b473942509b1cc", "input": "Cochrane, an independent organization whose purpose is to provide the best available evidence, usually bases its recommendations on systematic reviews. What do you think this methodology is about?", "output": [ "Cochrane, una organizaci\u00f3n independiente cuyo fin es aportar la mejor evidencia disponible, acostumbra a fundamentar sus recomendaciones en revisiones sistem\u00e1ticas. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 cree que se trata esta metodolog\u00eda?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b24da056c6cd499f9772d902f2d351df", "input": "What is the recommended anatomical site for administration of a vaccine intramuscularly in infants less than 12 months of age?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el lugar anat\u00f3mico recomendado para la administraci\u00f3n de una vacuna por v\u00eda intramuscular en lactantes de menos de 12 meses de edad?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2487e74360304adabd0e30079ffb753c", "input": "Which of the following vaccines is recommended for administration at 12 months with a booster dose at 3-4 years?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes vacunas est\u00e1 recomendada para su administraci\u00f3n a los 12 meses con una dosis de refuerzo a los 3-4 a\u00f1os?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aa0220fed5734efbaa7821faec2c3dc1", "input": "Which of the following characteristics is LESS important in a population screening (or early detection) program?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas tiene MENOS importancia en un programa de cribado (o detecci\u00f3n precoz) poblacional?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-1b9483312ee14262b87ba796b5725609", "input": "A 35-year-old Bolivian woman, 3 months pregnant, who has been living in Spain for 10 years with her partner, who is Spanish and has never traveled to Latin America. The woman has two other children with her partner, born in Spain and a brother who lives in Bolivia and another in Spain. During pregnancy, he was diagnosed with Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Which of the following actions to perform on the disease is INCORRECT?", "output": [ "Mujer boliviana de 35 a\u00f1os de edad, embarazada de 3 meses, que lleva viviendo 10 a\u00f1os en Espa\u00f1a con su pareja, que es espa\u00f1ol y no ha viajado nunca a Latinoam\u00e9rica. La mujer tiene otros dos hijos con su pareja, nacidos en Espa\u00f1a y un hermano que vive en Bolivia y otro en Espa\u00f1a. Durante el embarazo le han diagnosticado infecci\u00f3n por Trypanosoma cruzi. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes actuaciones a realizar sobre la enfermedad es INCORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3b48a0e13f164739820d4a91799c6858", "input": "Which of the following characteristics is attributable to the case-control studies?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas es atribuible a los estudios de casos y controles?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-80fe266864594efe8277c24764dfea48", "input": "When the protocol of a research project is elaborated, which of the following aspects should be undertaken in the first place?", "output": [ "Cuando se elabora el protocolo de un proyecto de investigaci\u00f3n, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de los siguientes aspectos debe acometerse en primer lugar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5bdf5d448b8646b1a2c0ddea8b7c596b", "input": "A 35-year-old man went to the emergency department with intense perianal pain and fever of 38\u00baC, which lasted two days. On examination, he presented a painful mass in the left ischio-rectal fossa. What is the most appropriate attitude?", "output": [ "Un hombre de 35 a\u00f1os acude a urgencias con dolor perianal intenso y fiebre de 38\u00baC de dos d\u00edas de evoluci\u00f3n. En la exploraci\u00f3n presenta una masa dolorosa en fosa isquio-rectal izquierda. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la actitud m\u00e1s adecuada?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a742977893544136b9f840d89a027e8c", "input": "In secondary prevention, after an acute myocardial infarction, which of the following measures has NOT shown a beneficial effect?", "output": [ "En prevenci\u00f3n secundaria, tras un infarto agudo de miocardio, \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes medidas NO ha demostrado efecto beneficioso?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b8cc247816c34e7f8679f3e83d0e6723", "input": "In the design of clinical trials, randomization allows to reduce the risk of the following causes of bias, EXCEPT one", "output": [ "En el dise\u00f1o de los ensayos cl\u00ednicos, la asignaci\u00f3n aleatoria permite reducir el riesgo de las siguientes causas de sesgos, EXCEPTO una" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2dbc442e35d14921b930d5c3b58c041d", "input": "Which of the following entities is NOT a sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes entidades NO es una enfermedad de transmisi\u00f3n sexual producida por Chlamydia trachomatis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6fb6f2eba00f452587c4cb580093a3f5", "input": "A 50-year-old woman, non-smoker who presented progressive dyspnea and non-productive cough for three years. Auscultation with fine basal crackles. Respiratory functional tests FVC 89%, FEV1 65%, FEV1 / FVC 60%, TLC 130%, RV 170%, RV / TLC 150%, DLCOc 56%. In CT disseminated cystic images. Which of these diagnoses do you think is the most likely?", "output": [ "Mujer de 50 a\u00f1os, no fumadora que presenta desde hace tres a\u00f1os disnea progresiva y tos no productiva. Auscultaci\u00f3n con crepitantes finos basales. Pruebas funcionales respiratorias FVC 89%, FEV1 65%, FEV1/FVC 60%, TLC 130%, RV 170%, RV/TLC 150%, DLCOc 56%. En TC im\u00e1genes qu\u00edsticas diseminadas. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de estos diagn\u00f3sticos le parece el m\u00e1s probable?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6acdde0b32584051aadc7ec9acbfbc1e", "input": "What complementary test has a MINOR relevance in the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 prueba complementaria tiene una MENOR relevancia en el diagn\u00f3stico de espondiloartritis axial?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9fce5296cf6d4d9098c2b9712174af6e", "input": "45 year old woman Two previous pregnancies with normal deliveries (G2PN2). Heavy menstrual bleeding for about 1 year. Ultrasonography shows a subserosal myoma of 2 cm that has remained stable for several years. A normal endometrial biopsy is performed. The patient presented hemoglobin 10 g / dL despite oral ferrotherapy and the amount of menstrual flow did not decrease despite treatment with tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid. Which of the following is the treatment of first choice in this patient?", "output": [ "Mujer de 45 a\u00f1os. Dos gestaciones previas con partos normales (G2PN2). Sangrado menstrual abundante desde hace aproximadamente 1 a\u00f1o. En ecograf\u00eda se observa un mioma subseroso de 2 cm que ha permanecido estable desde hace varios a\u00f1os. Se realiza biopsia endometrial que resulta normal. La paciente presenta hemoglobina 10 g/dL a pesar de ferroterapia oral y la cantidad de flujo menstrual no ha disminuido a pesar de tratamiento con \u00e1cido tranex\u00e1mico y \u00e1cido mefen\u00e1mico. \u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes es el tratamiento de primera elecci\u00f3n en esta paciente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fd56989334a540d2957966711eea7154", "input": "Which of the following glomerulopathies is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in the elderly?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes glomerulopat\u00edas es la causa m\u00e1s frecuente de s\u00edndrome nefr\u00f3tico en el anciano?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-024d9acb1b0443da8f6d2d9deb46db38", "input": "Which of the following clinical scenarios is most likely to correspond to multiple sclerosis?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes supuestos cl\u00ednicos es m\u00e1s probable que se corresponda con una esclerosis m\u00faltiple?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-87033f01e1cf49c7b562ff88ff3f16f8", "input": "Regarding the early development of language, what are the terms of a single word that represent the meaning of a whole thought or a complete sentence ?", "output": [ "Respecto del desarrollo temprano del lenguaje \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denominan las expresiones de una sola palabra que representan el significado de todo un pensamiento o una oraci\u00f3n completa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5a514c7263d4473f961bbb5d4dd2251c", "input": "Babies often repeat pleasant or interesting events that happened first by chance. What is this phenomenon called ?", "output": [ "Los beb\u00e9s suelen repetir sucesos agradables o interesantes que primero ocurrieron por casualidad. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina este fen\u00f3meno?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9bc8cba3c83a417b8684f9b3a7c162c9", "input": "What is the name of the laboratory procedure that is usually used to observe the type of attachment a child exhibits with his or her caregiver or another person? ", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina el procedimiento de laboratorio que se suele utilizar para observar el tipo de apego que un ni\u00f1o muestra con su cuidador u otra persona? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-49e36b51a8464949b698365c42bfdf75", "input": "Within the framework of the theories of E. Erikson, the interest of many adults to take care of the new generations, to leave a legacy that survives them and, in general, to be productive and creative, is called", "output": [ "En el marco de las teor\u00edas de E. Erikson, el inter\u00e9s de muchos adultos por cuidar de las nuevas generaciones, por dejar un legado que les sobreviva y, en general, por ser productivo y creativo, se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-087930cc767440fa97f92078d2484706", "input": "The belief, typical in adolescence, that others continually observe us and are interested in us, what is it called ?", "output": [ "La creencia, t\u00edpica en la adolescencia, de que los dem\u00e1s continuamente nos observan y est\u00e1n interesados en nosotros \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4c67322b69394396956104cf9376d8b4", "input": "In Type A Behavior Pattern (PCTA)", "output": [ "En el Patr\u00f3n de conducta tipo A (PCTA)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-40db58e1d57944d3b644cb58d74077c8", "input": "Ergos and Feelings", "output": [ "Ergios y Sentimientos" ] }, { "id": "task1432-001d183eb55349229463c6c08291e9d6", "input": "For H.J. Eysenck, a high and intense level in the cerebral areas that control the sympathetic branch of the Autonomic Nervous System would induce the obtaining of high scores in the dimension of", "output": [ "Para H.J. Eysenck, un nivel alto e intenso en las \u00e1reas cerebrales que controlan la rama simp\u00e1tica del Sistema Nervioso Aut\u00f3nomo inducir\u00eda la obtenci\u00f3n de elevadas puntuaciones en la dimensi\u00f3n de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a7bd7d8f66b64d0496c76519cf1e6eb2", "input": "Following the Theory of learned indifference, depression is associated with one of these combinations of attributions", "output": [ "Siguiendo la Teor\u00eda de la indifensi\u00f3n aprendida, la depresi\u00f3n se asocia a una de estas combinaciones de atribuciones" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7abb90d5120e40ce896a7d73c6dddb37", "input": "In Costa and McCrae's Model of the Big Five, the Opening to experience is characterized by the following characteristics", "output": [ "En el Modelo de los cinco grandes (Big Five) de Costa y McCrae, la Apertura a la experiencia se caracteriza por las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0ee97215066d4d1283b3b8dd90de9848", "input": "Which of the following features is NOT considered in the Big Five model ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes rasgos NO es contemplado en el Modelo de los cinco grandes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b02a28e478694940a503db8307fea90f", "input": "The two basic forms or types of coping proposed by Lazarus and Folkman are", "output": [ "Las dos formas o tipos b\u00e1sicos de afrontamiento propuestos por Lazarus y Folkman son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8752e6270494429fb9389b5a9a683d8f", "input": "The appropriation of successes and the exculpation of one's mistakes is a manifestation of the cognitive bias of", "output": [ "La apropiaci\u00f3n de los \u00e9xitos y exculpaci\u00f3n de los propios errores es una manifestaci\u00f3n del sesgo cognitivo de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-270adc74b926409fb0649899579bae0d", "input": "Following the classification established by R. B. Cattell, appealing in personality to measures of individual differences in which the purpose of the evaluation is hidden is synonymous with using", "output": [ "Siguiendo la clasificaci\u00f3n establecida por R. B. Cattell, apelar en personalidad a medidas de diferencias individuales en las que el prop\u00f3sito de la evaluaci\u00f3n queda oculto es sin\u00f3nimo de utilizar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0a941b993991401c8ab4a199b73b9b44", "input": "The empirical results with respect to the Model of the Big Five indicate that, with the advance of age, there is a gradual increase in", "output": [ "Los resultados emp\u00edricos respecto del Modelo de los cinco grandes indican que, con el avance de la edad, se produce un incremento paulatino en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3a06e6e50b6649b59da101a7fc4b340c", "input": "According to the theory of J. A. Gray, sensitivity to rewards is based on", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda de J. A. Gray, la sensibilidad hacia las recompensas tiene su base en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e76a6b35f22448aaa1b5890378ea8273", "input": "According to the theory of H.J. Eysenck, with equal motivating conditions, introverts (vs. extroverts) show", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda de H.J. Eysenck, a igualdad de condiciones motivadoras, los introvertidos (vs. los extrovertidos) muestran" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b1938e4e094c4d48bf0e8370185f6a3a", "input": "What kind of classical conditioning is referred to when the presentation of the Conditioned Stimulus indicates the absence of the Unconditioned Stimulus ?", "output": [ "\u00bfA qu\u00e9 tipo de condicionamiento cl\u00e1sico se hace referencia cuando la presentaci\u00f3n del Est\u00edmulo Condicionado indica la ausencia del Est\u00edmulo Incondicionado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3450c6fb62444d9093b98cd3ada8fe01", "input": "The FACS (Facial Action Coding System)", "output": [ "El FACS (Facial Action Coding System)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-53645c895d3a4caab44c4a97eb119f8f", "input": "Indicate which phenomenon explains that, when the sound of the visual reading of the lips does not coincide with the one presented auditorily, the way of listening to it is modified", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale qu\u00e9 fen\u00f3meno explica que, cuando el sonido de la lectura visual de los labios no coincide con el presentado auditivamente, se modifica la manera de escuchar \u00e9ste" ] }, { "id": "task1432-99fc3385b1f64b8aa7d10c6377893497", "input": "What type of memory is the result of the phenomenon of perceptive priming", "output": [ "\u00bfDe qu\u00e9 tipo de memoria es resultado el fen\u00f3meno del priming perceptivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-07a6734ff2524ea193ad94fc6e6c9d89", "input": "The colors that are perceived with the same hue despite having a different spectral composition are known as", "output": [ "Los colores que se perciben con el mismo matiz a pesar de tener una composici\u00f3n espectral distinta se conocen como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-09d9b9ce58fe491b8745bd91200e747f", "input": "Which model of the following proposes a propositional representation of information in the form of semantic networks ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 modelo de los siguientes propone una representaci\u00f3n proposicional de la informaci\u00f3n en forma de redes sem\u00e1nticas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e56f9ceea6824f3ea34763862319fa2e", "input": "Indicate under what principle of perceptual grouping it is established that the elements presented with the same pattern of movement are perceived as the same perceptive unit", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale bajo qu\u00e9 principio de agrupamiento perceptivo se establece que los elementos que se presentan con una misma pauta de movimiento son percibidos como una misma unidad perceptiva" ] }, { "id": "task1432-48d6085800f346dc98ebea409b3e963a", "input": "Point out which of the following statements can be applied to deductive reasoning", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones puede aplicarse al razonamiento deductivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7ac121b7c0a944d7b589fa53efbb9374", "input": "According to David Marr, at what level of organization of visual processing are represented the symbolic primitives of the image ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan David Marr \u00bfen qu\u00e9 nivel de organizaci\u00f3n del procesamiento visual se representan las primitivas simb\u00f3licas de la imagen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-598d476d3abd45969ff09372f369c563", "input": "What neural entity postulates the model of Morton (1969) to represent a written word ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 entidad neuronal postula el modelo de Morton (1969) para representar una palabra escrita?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-289061b2180e4916b85de68bbfe6fb69", "input": "What kind of prevention would constitute a campaign aimed at the early detection of HIV infection ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de prevenci\u00f3n constituir\u00eda una campa\u00f1a dirigida a la detecci\u00f3n precoz de la infecci\u00f3n por VIH?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9a6ac5ae865e437da8b7dc9cc5f5da76", "input": "According to the stress model of Lazarus and Folkman (1986), what is the secondary evaluation ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el modelo de estr\u00e9s de Lazarus y Folkman (1986) \u00bfen qu\u00e9 consiste la evaluaci\u00f3n secundaria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9020befe24754d2c90097f64897b2311", "input": "According to the theory of door control (Melzack and Wall, 1965), what would be the pain experience ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda del control de la puerta (Melzack y Wall, 1965) \u00bfa qu\u00e9 ser\u00eda debida la experiencia del dolor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0a4cd2b967a4130b2b2036b252913e4", "input": "In which of the following theoretical proposals, the intention of a behavior is a function of the attitudes and the subjective norm ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de las siguientes propuestas te\u00f3ricas, la intenci\u00f3n de una conducta est\u00e1 en funci\u00f3n de las actitudes y de la norma subjetiva?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-debd3df93e6c4f148ad965d991498e7a", "input": "What characterizes the M\u00fcnchausen syndrome ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 caracteriza el s\u00edndrome de M\u00fcnchausen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b3009ff280f94fb2be6f8a047e9b5d68", "input": "The presence of symptoms or deficits that affect the voluntary or sensory motor functioning, which suggests the existence of a medical, neurological or other disease, for which no clinical evidence is found to corroborate it, is one of the characteristics of the", "output": [ "La presencia de s\u00edntomas o d\u00e9ficits que afectan al funcionamiento motor voluntario o sensorial, que hace pensar en la existencia de una enfermedad m\u00e9dica, neurol\u00f3gica o de otro tipo, para la que no se encuentra ninguna prueba cl\u00ednica que lo corrobore, es una de las caracter\u00edsticas del" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7e4a16b484a4d4e934777594a1675f0", "input": "What is the difference between factitious and simulation disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre el trastorno facticio y el de simulaci\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35deef3a41fc4d6f83b6cf40547d2e1d", "input": "In what type of dissociative disorder does the patient feel distanced as if he were an external observer of his body or mental processes ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 tipo de trastorno disociativo el paciente se siente distanciado como si fuera un observador externo de su cuerpo o procesos mentales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2c55ad666419405eb0da449d2c064190", "input": "What is the essential characteristic of dissociative disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la caracter\u00edstica esencial de los trastornos disociativos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-666c62f4222b4a73b9a83c8faff229a7", "input": "How long can dissociative amnesia last ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1nto puede llegar a durar la amnesia disociativa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b45ca49d17a4606a26ff8fdddaf859e", "input": "What is the capacity of a substance to cause dependence in those who consume it ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina la capacidad que tiene una sustancia de producir dependencia en aquellos que la consumen?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cd7f4e3c55974a949d9558e50fc33a8d", "input": "What do factitious disorders and somatomorphs share ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 comparten los trastornos facticios y los somatomorfos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e41978c9a604eb7a072b9bbdb9ace17", "input": "Which of the following anxiety disorders has a biphasic cardiovascular response pattern ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes trastornos de ansiedad presenta un patr\u00f3n de respuesta cardiovascular bif\u00e1sico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e577f1d9e9934f098edd83934f389bdc", "input": "In which of the following disorders is it most common a start in childhood or adolescence ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn cu\u00e1l de los siguientes trastornos es m\u00e1s habitual un inicio en la infancia o adolescencia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f1b0edff77f04c12b5e5a1111683e036", "input": "Normal concerns and pathological concerns (eg, those that appear in a Generalized Anxiety Disorder) DO NOT differ in", "output": [ "Las preocupaciones normales y las preocupaciones patol\u00f3gicas (p.ej. las que aparecen en un Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada), NO se diferencian en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b4f59ac6ed5b4112a2c5c04f0edf73a6", "input": "Which of the following is a characteristic of the compulsions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una caracter\u00edstica de las compulsiones del Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d46296c10f6546a4b163285af91daae0", "input": "Which of the following disorders has a similar prevalence in men and women ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes trastornos tiene una prevalencia similar en hombres y mujeres?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-36c5375d668c46b898d573dc0faf0097", "input": "Which of the following is a characteristic of the obsessions / intrusions typical of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una caracter\u00edstica de las obsesiones/intrusiones t\u00edpicas del Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e360d53f3b2f471d8261c3593318e43a", "input": "What is the minimum consecutive duration of symptoms in a Major Depression Episode ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la duraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima consecutiva de los s\u00edntomas en un Episodio de depresi\u00f3n mayor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-948e7ae73bb846809c3d68e0dc7a22a2", "input": "Which of the following is a characteristic of Dysthymia or Persistent Depressive Disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una caracter\u00edstica de la Distimia o Trastorno depresivo persistente?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7a798720c53f488d839486aebf82e5e1", "input": "How is Bipolar Disorders I and II different ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 se diferencia los Trastornos bipolares I y II?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-25636986593241b18ee43000da3f7ce2", "input": "According to the Clinical Practice Guideline of Eating Disorders of the Ministry of Health, regarding the psychological treatment of anorexia nervosa, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la Gu\u00eda de pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica de Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria del Ministerio de Sanidad, en cuanto al tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico de la anorexia nerviosa \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d6b12d0c49754db290fe102387cb8fb4", "input": "Regarding the pharmacological treatment of bulimia nervosa with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)", "output": [ "En cuanto al tratamiento farmacol\u00f3gico de la bulimia nerviosa con Inhibidores selectivos de la recaptaci\u00f3n de Serotonina (ISRS)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-911c3f5c1b344579b69aa8d2f0fe90f8", "input": "The presence of an intense fear to gain weight, realization of a very restrictive diet and excessive physical exercise in a girl of 19 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 15.5 suggests", "output": [ "La presencia de un miedo intenso a ganar peso, realizaci\u00f3n de una dieta muy restrictiva y ejercicio f\u00edsico excesivo en una chica de 19 a\u00f1os con un \u00cdndice de masa corporal (IMC) de 15,5 sugiere " ] }, { "id": "task1432-8dc994d6a07d4a6c8fd8c14317bf1936", "input": "The classification systems of abnormal behavior (eg, those used in the DSM) constitute", "output": [ "Los sistemas de clasificaci\u00f3n de la conducta anormal (p.ej., los utilizados en el DSM) constituyen" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4028654c681c4e00ba68c40cd08628eb", "input": "Which of the following statements is the correct one regarding Eating Disorders? ", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es la correcta respecto de los Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-153d2fc676d242e9bc0f0cc0594dd05a", "input": "Which of these statements is true regarding the clinical characteristics of schizophrenia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de estas afirmaciones es cierta respecto de las caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas de la esquizofrenia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cdd46a8334af4572ba199781254cecaa", "input": "What is the irradiation of thought ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 consiste la irradiaci\u00f3n del pensamiento?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c25b03f637674eda81430243429cea43", "input": "What is the name of the alteration of the language consisting in the construction of sentences without any bond and that makes the discourse incomprehensible ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina a la alteraci\u00f3n del lenguaje consistente en la construcci\u00f3n de frases sin ning\u00fan lazo de uni\u00f3n y que hace que el discurso sea incomprensible?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e0517f62a13e4a6aa2a00fa56f76b78a", "input": "Motor symptoms or catatonic (or disorganized) behavior are considered", "output": [ "Los s\u00edntomas motores o comportamiento catat\u00f3nico (o desorganizado), se consideran" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a3f9f254b2fa41c7905e851e7a2c4cb3", "input": "Double Depression is one in which clinical pictures of", "output": [ "La Depresi\u00f3n doble es aquella en la que se presentan conjuntamente cuadros cl\u00ednicos de" ] }, { "id": "task1432-64959545975f42e99803aeaeaf6b8213", "input": "Anaclitic depression refers to a type of depression characterized by", "output": [ "La Depresi\u00f3n anacl\u00edtica se refiere a un tipo de depresi\u00f3n caracterizada por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a3615f35dee74c22b652be439e02de32", "input": "Which of the following symptoms does NOT constitute a possible diagnostic criterion in the DSM (IV-TR or 5) to Major Depression Disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes s\u00edntomas NO constituye un posible criterio de diagn\u00f3stico en el DSM (IV-TR o 5) al Trastorno de depresi\u00f3n mayor?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-57e81f9a8b3346d78f66eb428f73b718", "input": "Studies on sleep in subjects complaining of insomnia show", "output": [ "Los estudios sobre el sue\u00f1o en los sujetos que se quejan de insomnio muestran" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b94b087095354bcda0f44639efd54fc8", "input": "Indicate which of the following characteristics is typical of selective mutism", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas es propia del mutismo selectivo" ] }, { "id": "task1432-48d004a1c4174ee5b1f4db791338abc6", "input": "At what stage of sleep do night terrors usually occur ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 estadio del sue\u00f1o suelen ocurrir los terrores nocturnos?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f826802eb9a4499ab5c362ca1495339c", "input": "At what stage of the dream do nightmares usually occur ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 estadio del sue\u00f1o suelen ocurrir las pesadillas?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-88783f53b6c847a0be625b49de66e3eb", "input": "What is usually the most striking symptom in the clinical picture of sleep apnea ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l suele ser el s\u00edntoma m\u00e1s llamativo en el cuadro cl\u00ednico de la apnea del sue\u00f1o?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a71c830ffc0f43099ee631858deb11b2", "input": "The term gender dysphoria refers to", "output": [ "El t\u00e9rmino disforia de g\u00e9nero se refiere" ] }, { "id": "task1432-64a06a0c2ab94994ab6e925039890c89", "input": "Dyspareunia is a disorder", "output": [ "La dispareunia es un trastorno" ] }, { "id": "task1432-614c1b9736324b6a9758f19d2c88fbe3", "input": "Regarding the personality disorder by avoidance (TPE), the main diagnostic systems coincide in pointing out as characteristic of this problem, the following", "output": [ "Respecto del Trastorno de personalidad por evitaci\u00f3n (TPE), los principales sistemas diagn\u00f3sticos coinciden en se\u00f1alar como caracter\u00edstico de este problema, lo siguiente" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3352bfdf5d064cac8e25c24d39babe73", "input": "According to the main diagnostic manuals, indicate which of the following criteria is essential when determining the existence of a schizoid personality disorder", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan los principales manuales diagn\u00f3sticos, se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes criterios es fundamental a la hora de determinar la existencia de un trastorno de la personalidad esquizoide" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0fbcb3b341154a49a41c5e5a810a03e1", "input": "What type of projective technique is the D\u00fcss's Fables test ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de t\u00e9cnica proyectiva es el test de F\u00e1bulas de D\u00fcss?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a8aa68ad76564a4ea878992460c5368a", "input": "Indicate which of the following is NOT a factor of those evaluated in the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)", "output": [ "Indique cu\u00e1l de los siguientes NO es un factor de los evaluados en el NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-818751882b9e4d8196b55e3d99176a14", "input": "What is trying to achieve with the functional analysis of behavior ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 se intenta conseguir con el an\u00e1lisis funcional de la conducta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7fb1e17d2ee94dbda4e09494c42ceaa2", "input": "For the evaluation of the progress in the psychological treatment of anxiety disorders, the instruments that have been most sensitive are", "output": [ "Para la evaluaci\u00f3n del progreso en el tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico de los trastornos de ansiedad, los instrumentos que se han mostrado m\u00e1s sensibles son" ] }, { "id": "task1432-671cdad8c94a4541b699211b75f0a93d", "input": "The WPPSI IV is the Wechsler scale designed to measure intelligence", "output": [ "El WPPSI IV es la escala de Wechsler destinada a medir la inteligencia" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e17c88645f2648c0ab0b4e5a0f8078d4", "input": "The Semantic Differential is an evaluation technique", "output": [ "El Diferencial Sem\u00e1ntico es una t\u00e9cnica de evaluaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d799bb37136c4bfb922caca93ab9dad0", "input": "The Test of the drawing of the human figure (DAP) is an evaluation technique", "output": [ "El Test del dibujo de la figura humana (DAP) es una t\u00e9cnica de evaluaci\u00f3n" ] }, { "id": "task1432-22036a8c01b247e19f55c6aa30398cfc", "input": "The evaluation battery for children of Kaufman (K-ABC)", "output": [ "La bater\u00eda de evaluaci\u00f3n para ni\u00f1os de Kaufman (K-ABC)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0d460270314643d0a59ff9049cabee4b", "input": "What research technique allows the location of brain structures to subsequently produce injuries, administer substances, collect electrical activity, among other actions ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica de investigaci\u00f3n permite la localizaci\u00f3n de estructuras cerebrales para, posteriormente, producir lesiones, administrar sustancias, recoger la actividad el\u00e9ctrica, entre otras acciones?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ff3d52a10626493caa48fe58616bcd54", "input": "Which of the following is one of the main difficulties encountered in assessing eating disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de las siguientes es una de las principales dificultades que se encuentra al evaluar los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9cd6172a5314477bab699db27e0a4e02", "input": "In response to Deci and Ryan's Theory of Self-Determination, we can affirm that", "output": [ "Atendiendo a la Teor\u00eda de la autodeterminaci\u00f3n de Deci y Ryan, podemos afirmar que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-59a041b1bc764e18971ded580d8fbb18", "input": "How do you call the degree of relevance and representativeness of the contents measured by a psychological evaluation instrument ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo de denomina al grado de relevancia y representatividad de los contenidos medidos por un instrumento de evaluaci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-958e1f980003481788f37077a32ac0d2", "input": "What does the Raven Progressive Matrices test measure ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 mide el test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ec3b541f0e124c61b78b0ee00ede3c37", "input": "What type of care is evaluated primarily in measures of inattention in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de atenci\u00f3n se eval\u00faa fundamentalmente en las medidas de inatenci\u00f3n en ni\u00f1os con Trastorno por d\u00e9ficit de atenci\u00f3n e hiperactividad (TDAH)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-61de2dc5848c482aa62f06c184004334", "input": "The Multiaxial Clinical Inventory of Millon I and II (MCMI) is used to evaluate", "output": [ "El Inventario cl\u00ednico multiaxial de Millon I y II (MCMI) se utiliza para evaluar" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fbf3692580034ee18b9e8ddec1473dcc", "input": "Which of the following assessment instruments is of choice to assess the development of a 5-year-old child ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes instrumentos de evaluaci\u00f3n es de elecci\u00f3n para valorar el desarrollo de un ni\u00f1o de 5 a\u00f1os?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-fa7fc51c5e614e6ca71921e62aa21795", "input": "What projective test applicable to children is of an expressive type ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 test proyectivo aplicable a la infancia es de tipo expresivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9e2f717cafa94d28b86d65d7777fdc09", "input": "What will you evaluate if you decide to record the topographic aspects of the response in a teenager diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 evaluar\u00e1 si decide registrar los aspectos topogr\u00e1ficos de la respuesta en un adolescente diagnosticado de Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c7f78bb5ebad4fb8a87f4dc3502ca08e", "input": "Indicate which of the following aspects or characteristics is specific to the tolerance test applied to childhood phobia", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes aspectos o caracter\u00edsticas es propio de la prueba de tolerancia aplicada a la fobia a la oscuridad en la infancia" ] }, { "id": "task1432-dd68a3ad1ef44789981c3dc9e7e93661", "input": "Which of the following assessment instruments is indicated to assess the severity of depressive symptoms in childhood ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes instrumentos de evaluaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 indicado para valorar la gravedad de la sintomatolog\u00eda depresiva en la infancia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-2baeb72f64744b49ae96dbcac12e10c0", "input": "In what aspect is the evaluation of dynamic type or learning potential focused, to evaluate the low intellectual capacity in childhood ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 aspecto se centra la evaluaci\u00f3n de tipo din\u00e1mico o de potencial de aprendizaje, para evaluar la baja capacidad intelectual en la infancia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-993f869fec6b4ef390c01b397666ad09", "input": "In relation to what is measured the academic performance of a girl if we use criterial instruments ?", "output": [ "\u00bfEn relaci\u00f3n a qu\u00e9 se mide el rendimiento acad\u00e9mico de una ni\u00f1a si empleamos instrumentos criteriales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-85494532544e4bcaa946e72ff592c12a", "input": "Which test is considered a general neuropsychological test in the child assessment ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 test se considera una prueba neuropsicol\u00f3gica de tipo general en la evaluaci\u00f3n infantil?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f01b4c8a323141f280ad6d554b788df6", "input": "Which scale of Raven's progressive matrices applies to children from 5 to 11 years old ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 escala de las Matrices progresivas de Raven se aplica a ni\u00f1os de 5 a 11 a\u00f1os?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b0a61ea3666f400aa4c199dcb105df9d", "input": "In Rett's disorder, it appears (n)", "output": [ "En el trastorno de Rett aparece(n)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d5f3832a89754c03a948f9d84519d3a3", "input": "The Theory of social identity establishes that one of the strategies to achieve a positive social identity is to give positive values \u200b\u200bto characteristics of the group that previously were valued as negative. This strategy is called", "output": [ "La Teor\u00eda de la identidad social establece que una de las estrategias para lograr una identidad social positiva es otorgar valores positivos a caracter\u00edsticas del propio grupo que previamente se valoraban como negativas. Esta estrategia se denomina" ] }, { "id": "task1432-47c68dfe766c4d28a54130faf9bfe573", "input": "In the treatment of gambling addiction, the gradual exposure with response prevention is based on the following principles of learning", "output": [ "En el tratamiento de la adicci\u00f3n al juego, la exposici\u00f3n gradual con prevenci\u00f3n de respuesta se basa en los siguientes principios de aprendizaje" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9e14335a6314905b243698e14b8d5ca", "input": "In which state of the Transteoric Model of Prochaska and DiClemente is a person who comes for the first time to the sessions of the clinical psychologist to stop drinking and complies with the therapist's recommendations? ", "output": [ "\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 estado del Modelo transte\u00f3rico de Prochaska y DiClemente se encuentra una persona que acude por primera vez a las sesiones del psic\u00f3logo cl\u00ednico para dejar de beber y cumple con las recomendaciones del terapeuta? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-5015998b919e49eca265c00194062f88", "input": "What is sought with the treatment of heroin addiction by administering opioid antagonists (mainly naltrexone) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 es lo que se pretende con el tratamiento de la adicci\u00f3n a la hero\u00edna mediante la administraci\u00f3n de antagonistas opi\u00e1ceos (naltrexona principalmente)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-65586203b25f475ab56c866cc9af2408", "input": "Within Beck's cognitive therapy there are several means to verbally question beliefs. Point out the INCORRECT form", "output": [ "Dentro de la terapia cognitiva de Beck existen varios medios para cuestionar verbalmente las creencias. Se\u00f1ale la forma INCORRECTA" ] }, { "id": "task1432-aec853297b0b468eaa45879df36af439", "input": "Indicate in which of the following clinical areas the paradoxical intention could not be applied", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale en cu\u00e1l de los siguientes \u00e1mbitos cl\u00ednicos no se podr\u00eda aplicar la intenci\u00f3n parad\u00f3jica" ] }, { "id": "task1432-22b04cfcc6ea4b7ba66a48dc659d2443", "input": "Point to the INCORRECT option. Interoceptive exposure", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale la opci\u00f3n INCORRECTA. La exposici\u00f3n interoceptiva" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5c2da7e3411546e7b700aa2f1618c3fe", "input": "Among the factors common to treatment techniques for the control of activation, what is the most determining factor of its effectiveness ?", "output": [ "Dentro de los factores comunes a las t\u00e9cnicas de tratamiento para el control de la activaci\u00f3n \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el factor m\u00e1s determinante de su eficacia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-35af683a78b2449e892f7f118f2521aa", "input": "Among the possible changes produced by the relaxation of the autonomic nervous system is NOT the", "output": [ "Dentro de los posibles cambios producidos por las relajaci\u00f3n del sistema nervioso aut\u00f3nomo NO se encuentra la" ] }, { "id": "task1432-15e8bd9c1e514f3293cdaffa805f8461", "input": "According to several meta-analyzes, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, cognitive therapy seems as effective as exposure with prevention of response", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan diversos metaan\u00e1lisis, en el tratamiento del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo la terapia cognitiva parece igual de eficaz que la exposici\u00f3n con prevenci\u00f3n de respuesta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-868242bcf7af4a4ea9d5805a398bd8bc", "input": "Regarding the psychological treatment of arterial hypertension, indicate which of the following statements is correct", "output": [ "Respecto del tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico de la hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-ea3e12c6d0744a868ce8fcfeac30b93e", "input": "In cognitive therapy for the treatment of personality disorders (Beck et al., 2005), three strategies and specialized techniques of cognitive type are described in detail cognitive probes, addressing the schemes and", "output": [ "En la terapia cognitiva para el tratamiento de los trastornos de personalidad (Beck et al., 2005) se describen con detalle tres estrategias y t\u00e9cnicas especializadas de tipo cognitivo que son los sondeos cognitivos, abordar los esquemas y" ] }, { "id": "task1432-8f0039b26aa74e7996e0a64996931b0a", "input": "Taking into account the characteristic symptomatology of schizoid personality disorder, what therapeutic component is often included in your psychological treatment ?", "output": [ "Teniendo en cuenta la sintomatolog\u00eda caracter\u00edstica del trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad \u00bfqu\u00e9 componente terap\u00e9utico se incluye a menudo en su tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a9858defebc44a69870f39f0050b3e13", "input": "Point out which of the following is the most effective treatment for borderline personality disorder", "output": [ "Se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l de los siguientes es el tratamiento m\u00e1s eficaz para el trastorno l\u00edmite de la personalidad" ] }, { "id": "task1432-01ac037816cd40c88799f8b9237933ca", "input": "The three-phase model of human sexual response adds the concept of desire and condenses the sexual response into three distinct but physiologically related phases desire, arousal and orgasm. This model was described by", "output": [ "El modelo trif\u00e1sico de la respuesta sexual humana agrega el concepto de deseo y condensa la respuesta sexual en tres fases distintas pero fisiol\u00f3gicamente relacionadas deseo, excitaci\u00f3n y orgasmo. Este modelo fue descrito por" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9ca1cd1742ed47f1aa3047059e896874", "input": "Of the following treatment alternatives, which of them has shown greater efficacy in reducing the number of repeat offenders ?", "output": [ "De las siguientes alternativas de tratamiento \u00bfcu\u00e1l de ellas ha mostrado una mayor eficacia en la reducci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de agresores sexuales reincidentes?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-9b4101a0c98242588e0ef7f528d2f565", "input": "To overcome relapses, Cognitive Therapy based on Mindfulness for depression mainly promotes patients", "output": [ "Para superar las reca\u00eddas, la Terapia Cognitiva basada en Mindfulness para la depresi\u00f3n principalmente promueve que los pacientes" ] }, { "id": "task1432-afff320e6bee4871becfb79421820fb4", "input": "Within the framework of Behavioral Activation (eg Martell)", "output": [ "En el marco de la Activaci\u00f3n Conductual (p.ej. Martell)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-28e89898d60e4ccca17fdc9f8e419ba9", "input": "According to Beck's Cognitive Therapy, patients with depression often give too much importance to the failures and negative events that occur, excluding other positive events. What is this cognitive distortion called ?", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan la Terapia Cognitiva de Beck los pacientes con depresi\u00f3n suelen dar demasiada importancia a los fracasos y acontecimientos negativos que les ocurren, excluyendo otros sucesos positivos \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina esta distorsi\u00f3n cognitiva?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5794ff1694164bf0aa736ca5002616d0", "input": "In an investigation it was concluded that there is a relationship between the variables studied, based on the result obtained in the null hypothesis test. However, we find that this relationship does not exist in the population. According to this statement ... (indicate the correct statement)", "output": [ "En una investigaci\u00f3n se ha concluido que existe relaci\u00f3n entre las variables estudiadas, bas\u00e1ndose en el resultado obtenido en la prueba de hip\u00f3tesis nula. Sin embargo, constatamos que dicha relaci\u00f3n no existe en la poblaci\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan este enunciado \u2026 (se\u00f1ale la afirmaci\u00f3n correcta)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4b851cdcc075457882e2da8ce42e6769", "input": "The Cronbach Alpha Coefficient can be considered as", "output": [ "El Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach puede considerarse como" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5403c77095ab46fb93b5c839b4444f5f", "input": "In relation to Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression, indicate the correct answer", "output": [ "En relaci\u00f3n con la Psicoterapia Interpersonal para la Depresi\u00f3n, indique la respuesta correcta" ] }, { "id": "task1432-023db79ebc184e2b8d42a63409ea5656", "input": "Which of the following statements is true in relation to Behavioral Activation applied to the treatment of Depression ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes enunciados es verdadero en relaci\u00f3n con la Activaci\u00f3n Conductual aplicada al tratamiento de la Depresi\u00f3n?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-f931091fc9024b5281a32f79dd1a411c", "input": "What are the behavioral repertoires on which Social Skills Therapy is usually focused for the treatment of depression? (Becker, Heimberg and Bellack)", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los repertorios conductuales en los que habitualmente se centra la Terapia de Habilidades Sociales para el tratamiento de la depresi\u00f3n? (Becker, Heimberg y Bellack)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5ca3c464fd4147fa9d434da659716fde", "input": "The objectives of psychosocial treatment for bipolar disorder may include, all of the following, EXCEPT", "output": [ "Los objetivos de los tratamiento psicosociales para el trastorno bipolar pueden incluir, todos los siguientes, EXCEPTO" ] }, { "id": "task1432-70770b733c3f4db2882b45cd2b333589", "input": "All of the following alternatives constitute effective treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder, EXCEPT one. Indicate which", "output": [ "Todas las siguientes alternativas constituyen tratamientos eficaces para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, EXCEPTO una. Se\u00f1ala cu\u00e1l" ] }, { "id": "task1432-eada295ddbb9497bb825853ea4668679", "input": "Which of the following would be a therapeutic goal in the first session proper treatment of anxiety disorder by disease? (Salkovskis and Warwick)", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes ser\u00eda un objetivo terap\u00e9utico en la primera sesi\u00f3n propiamente de tratamiento del trastorno de ansiedad por enfermedad? (Salkovskis y Warwick) " ] }, { "id": "task1432-7b929260abb44fefa2f703b8c11e9d59", "input": "What would be the most appropriate way to carry out an exposure program for obsessive thoughts in a patient with an obsessive-compulsive disorder ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l ser\u00eda el modo m\u00e1s adecuado de llevar a cabo un programa de exposici\u00f3n para los pensamientos obsesivos en un paciente con un trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-456fc9cdaef64fe89236f1f5653e20e5", "input": "What is the mental disorder that most frequently appears comorbid with bulimia nervosa ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el trastorno mental que m\u00e1s frecuentemente aparece de forma com\u00f3rbida con la bulimia nerviosa?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-b569b5f679cc4159beeb63b41efec48e", "input": "We can differentiate a patient with bulimia nervosa from one with binge eating disorder in that", "output": [ "Podemos diferenciar una paciente con bulimia nerviosa de una con trastorno por atrac\u00f3n en que" ] }, { "id": "task1432-236f4059ce2449f88cec1cef56a83d5a", "input": "According to the DSM-5, body dysmorphic disorder is considered", "output": [ "Seg\u00fan el DSM-5, el trastorno dism\u00f3rfico corporal se considera" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6a87124713a443d2bf9342983b8f8ca3", "input": "One of the most frequent psychopathological characteristics of patients who have an anxiety disorder due to illness is", "output": [ "Una de las caracter\u00edsticas psicopatol\u00f3gicas m\u00e1s frecuentes de los pacientes que presentan un trastorno de ansiedad por enfermedad es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-a0f8729e2db444229536ac41727bb393", "input": "Which of the following psychosocial treatment programs for schizophrenia contains a specific social skills training module ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes programas de tratamiento psicosocial de la esquizofrenia contiene un m\u00f3dulo espec\u00edfico de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0a0b169a824145fe8c4f580ab0862f07", "input": "Regarding the cognitive-behavioral treatment for schizophrenia, which of the following statements is INCORRECT ?", "output": [ "Respecto del tratamiento cognitivo-conductual para la esquizofrenia \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es INCORRECTA?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4a74fd9a8a054670b0f38453a64bf2e6", "input": "Which of the following programs is NOT a type of family intervention ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes programas NO es un tipo de intervenci\u00f3n familiar?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-82f44593392d432793092742c52210bd", "input": "Which of the following subprograms is part of the Integrated Psychological Therapy (ITP) of Hodel and Brenner ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes subprogramas forma parte de la Terapia Psicol\u00f3gica Integrada (ITP) de Hodel y Brenner?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cf0817bc0ffe400ebff7582597cdde02", "input": "Which of the following programs is a specific cognitive-behavioral counseling treatment for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? ", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes programas es un tratamiento de orientaci\u00f3n cognitivo-conductual espec\u00edfico para los s\u00edntomas positivos de la esquizofrenia? " ] }, { "id": "task1432-d815edf7a13d442db387f5cd7b3fefd6", "input": "What is one of the main drawbacks of social skills training programs for patients with schizophrenia ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es uno de los principales inconvenientes de los programas de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales para pacientes con esquizofrenia?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-6909b25d5332464b838ff8694b303156", "input": "Which of the following psychological treatments for schizophrenia is specially designed to apply in acute phases and during hospital admission ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes tratamientos psicol\u00f3gicos para la esquizofrenia est\u00e1 especialmente dise\u00f1ado para aplicar en fases agudas y durante el ingreso hospitalario?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3407884090764575b9322a6352b22395", "input": "Regarding the pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, which of the following statements is correct ?", "output": [ "Respecto al tratamiento farmacol\u00f3gico para la esquizofrenia \u00bfcu\u00e1l de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-0d66ee0d9ab24c6ca84867381b4e1e85", "input": "Which of the following drugs is an antipsychotic ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes f\u00e1rmacos es un antipsic\u00f3tico?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c2c8c412aece412d9af7e10c080588cb", "input": "The theory of the Personal Construct of George Kelly fits within the theories", "output": [ "La teor\u00eda de los Constructos Personales de George Kelly se encuadra dentro de las teor\u00edas" ] }, { "id": "task1432-368b2d0eca9a4ff1ba701aff61aa6a13", "input": "Which operant technique has an additive phase and a subtractive one ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica operante cuenta con una fase aditiva y otra sustractiva?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-53e80cd9ac1548caa2868d18fc66e826", "input": "What technique would be more advisable to use if what we want is to weaken but not totally suppress a certain behavior ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 t\u00e9cnica ser\u00eda m\u00e1s aconsejable emplear si lo que deseamos es debilitar pero no suprimir totalmente una determinada conducta?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-20b8d61e3c704e71b1cc383dc9e9bc18", "input": "Bernstein and Borkovec propose a training in relaxation in which the number of muscle groups to train is progressively reduced. Indicate the sequence proposed by these authors (the figures correspond to the number of muscle groups in each of the phases)", "output": [ "Bernstein y Borkovec plantean un entrenamiento en relajaci\u00f3n en el que se reduce, progresivamente, el n\u00famero de grupos musculares a entrenar. Se\u00f1ale cual es la secuencia que proponen dichos autores (las cifras corresponden al n\u00ba de grupos musculares en cada una de las fases)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-218bb8c36dd544cdb982c20b3b9e5e8f", "input": "In the systemic models of therapy, what is the name of the relative who presents the symptom ?", "output": [ "En los modelos sist\u00e9micos de terapia \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina al familiar que presenta el s\u00edntoma?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-de78ac9ec8fb4db487495621db5e735a", "input": "Beck's Negative Cognitive Triad refers to", "output": [ "La Triada Cognitiva Negativa de Beck se refiere a" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3c35cc9be3574aa991357d237165b51e", "input": "What is called, in systemic therapies, the intervention of a relative who presents the facts in such a way that they form an orderly sequence, generally to determine a cause and an effect ?", "output": [ "\u00bfC\u00f3mo se denomina, en las terapias sist\u00e9micas, la intervenci\u00f3n de un familiar que presenta los hechos de tal modo que forman una secuencia ordenada, generalmente para determinar una causa y un efecto?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-cd73666ba4964beda2210c79645516d1", "input": "The Experiential Avoidance Disorder, proposed by the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, originates in", "output": [ "El Trastorno de Evitaci\u00f3n Experiencial, propuesto por la Terapia de Aceptaci\u00f3n y Compromiso, se origina en" ] }, { "id": "task1432-161e5d37247642c284e0ab0a04876af5", "input": "Within the framework of the Dialectic Behavioral Therapy, the fundamental principle of the Biosocial Theory of Personality-Limit Disorder proposes that the main problem disorder in this pathology is", "output": [ "En el marco de la Terapia Dial\u00e9ctica Conductual, el principio fundamental de la Teor\u00eda Biosocial del Trastorno L\u00edmite de Personalidad propone que el principal problema trastorno en esta patolog\u00eda es" ] }, { "id": "task1432-c725426a256a4779a9cbe67ab9eb6c82", "input": "In the ABC model of Rational Emotive Therapy, what place corresponds to irrational beliefs ?", "output": [ "En el modelo ABC de la Terapia Racional Emotiva \u00bfqu\u00e9 lugar le corresponde a las creencias irracionales?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-3ab5253f927c4d45809bdebecc872b19", "input": "For Viktor Frankl Logotherapy, what is the main generator of neuroses ?", "output": [ "Para la Logoterapia de V\u00edctor Frankl \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el principal elemento generador de las neurosis?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-e9db8a07741246df82022be2335344fd", "input": "What is one of the main premises of Rogers Client-Centered Therapy ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es una de las principales premisas de la Terapia Centrada en el Cliente de Rogers?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-db75a0a48a46423b8d5d11887fab3732", "input": "What is the basic concept in brief psychodynamic therapies ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el concepto b\u00e1sico en las terapias psicodin\u00e1micas breves?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d730f4d44f7640e7836b4b6d4f502110", "input": "One of the following criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DSM-5) is INCORRECT, state which", "output": [ "Uno de los siguientes criterios del trastorno de desregulaci\u00f3n disruptiva del estado de \u00e1nimo (DSM-5) es INCORRECTO se\u00f1ale cu\u00e1l" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bf5160b3c791466e90d3d8a3056f9f67", "input": "What is the most likely age of onset of anorexia nervosa (DSM-5) ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la edad de inicio m\u00e1s probable de la anorexia nerviosa (DSM-5)?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-7913792e53ef4799a028a36436877ea6", "input": "The disorder characterized by a pattern of anger / irritability, arguments / defiant or vengeful attitude that lasts for at least six months, manifested by 4 or more symptoms associated with this pattern, and exhibited during the interaction with an individual (who not be a brother), without there being a serious mood alteration, it is called (DSM-5)", "output": [ "El trastorno caracterizado por un patr\u00f3n de enfado/irritabilidad, discusiones/actitud desafiante o vengativa que dura por lo menos seis meses, que se manifiesta con 4 o m\u00e1s s\u00edntomas asociados a este patr\u00f3n, y que se exhibe durante la interacci\u00f3n con un individuo (que no sea un hermano), sin que exista una alteraci\u00f3n del estado de \u00e1nimo grave, se denomina (DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5e4eb97af8794f43add5f69cb58fb8d5", "input": "Select the statement that is true about conduct disorder (DSM-5)", "output": [ "Selecciona la afirmaci\u00f3n que es verdadera sobre el trastorno de conducta (DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-820ea16d6e93496cbc08725e81f0ccab", "input": "Which statement in relation to Major Depression Disorder (DSM-5) is true ?", "output": [ "\u00bfQu\u00e9 afirmaci\u00f3n en relaci\u00f3n al Trastorno de Depresi\u00f3n Mayor (DSM-5) es verdadera?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-71ed8fbd4c5c46ccadbea1c2fc945fee", "input": "Within the communication disorders, in childhood fluency disorder (stuttering) there are varied symptoms or factors that appear frequently and remarkably. Indicates the one that DOES NOT belong to this pathology (DSM-5)", "output": [ "Dentro de los trastornos de la comunicaci\u00f3n, en el trastorno de la fluidez de inicio en la infancia (tartamudeo) hay variados s\u00edntomas o factores que aparecen de forma frecuente y notable. Indica el que NO pertenezca a esta patolog\u00eda (DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-bb6e62ca3f8f42f4aae16ad2fe34b476", "input": "A teenager comes to the consultation exposing the following symptoms (1) Has intrusive and recurrent ideas of monsters with spikes that fight between them very aggressively, these ideas (thoughts, images) are imposed on his mind and create much anxiety and discomfort; (2) He has repetitive behaviors (for example, whenever he eats lentils he has to count them and the spoon must be 19), which causes him to need a lot of time to eat and conflicts with the mother. From the 4 statements, indicate the correct answer (DSM-5)", "output": [ "Un adolescente acude a la consulta exponiendo los siguientes s\u00edntomas (1) Tiene ideas intrusivas y recurrentes de monstruos con pinchos que luchan entre ellos muy agresivamente, estas ideas (pensamientos, im\u00e1genes) se imponen en su mente y le crean mucha ansiedad y malestar; (2) Tiene conductas repetitivas (por ejemplo, cada vez come lentejas las tiene que contar y la cuchara debe tener 19), lo que provoca que necesite mucho tiempo en comer y conflictos con la madre. De las 4 afirmaciones se\u00f1ale la respuesta correcta (DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-4e53b790caeb475f87a3caf6e6c37617", "input": "A teenager has the following symptoms (1) Multiple motor tics and several vocal tics that have been present at some time during the illness, although not concurrently; (2) The tics appear intermittently in frequency, but have persisted for more than a year since the appearance of the first tic; (3) The tics began at age 6; and (4) The disorder can not be attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. What disorder could it present? (DSM-5)", "output": [ "Un adolescente presenta los siguientes s\u00edntomas (1) Tics motores m\u00faltiples y varios tics vocales que han estado presentes en alg\u00fan momento durante la enfermedad, aunque no de forma concurrente; (2) Los tics aparecen intermitentemente en frecuencia, pero han persistido durante m\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o desde la aparici\u00f3n del primer tic; (3) Los tics comenzaron a los 6 a\u00f1os; y (4) El trastorno no se puede atribuir a los efectos fisiol\u00f3gicos de una sustancia o a otra afecci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica. \u00bfQu\u00e9 trastorno podr\u00eda presentar? (DSM-5)" ] }, { "id": "task1432-d85a7f6f42834408ad24dadcb433f16b", "input": "If a child has time to watch TV, regarding the time he usually sees, due to his bad behavior, what is the applied procedure called ?", "output": [ "Si a un ni\u00f1o se le resta tiempo de ver TV, respecto del tiempo que la ve habitualmente, debido a su mal comportamiento \u00bfc\u00f3mo se denomina el procedimiento aplicado?" ] }, { "id": "task1432-5352ab2733144570b8bce21a2aff623a", "input": "Which of the following treatments is the most empirically recommended for childhood eating disorders ?", "output": [ "\u00bfCu\u00e1l de los siguientes tratamientos es el m\u00e1s recomendado emp\u00edricamente para los trastornos de la alimentaci\u00f3n en la infancia?" ] } ], "Instance License": [ "MIT" ] }